GUILHERME AUGUSTO CITO ALVES CORREIO et. al 145
Cultivar Description
New Cattleya orchid hybrid(1)
GUILHERME AUGUSTO CITO ALVES(2), RODRIGO THIBES HOSHINO(2), DOUGLAS JUNIOR BERTONCELLI(2), RONAN CARLOS COLOMBO(2), VANESSA STEGANI(3), RICARDO TADEU DE FARIA(2)
ABSTRACT The hybrid, obtained by back crossing between (Cattleya labiata x Cattleya forbesii) x Cattleya labiata is a vigorous plant, bi- or unifoliate, features slender and cylindrical pseudobulbs and leathery dark-greenish leaves, with oblanceolate shape format of blunt tips with the first flowering four years after sowing. In Londrina, flowering occurred twice a year, between the months of April and May and October and November with 2-4 flowers per pseudobulb and durability ranging from 15 to 20 days. The flowers of the new hybrid were purple with a labellum with a yellow center and purple stripes. Keywords: breeding, floriculture, Orchidaceae, selection.
RESUMO Novo híbrido de orquídea Cattleya O híbrido, obtido do retrocruzamento entre (Cattleya labiata x Cattleya forbesii) x Cattleya labiata é uma planta vigorosa, bi ou unifoliada, apresenta pseudobulbos delgados e cilíndricos e folhas coriáceas com tonalidade verde escuro, com formato oblanceolado, de pontas obtusas, apresentando o primeiro florescimento após quatros anos da semeadura. O florescimento em Londrina ocorreu duas vezes no ano, entre os meses de abril e maio e outubro e novembro com 2-4 flores por pseudobulbo e durabilidade entre 15 a 20 dias. As flores do novo híbrido possuem coloração lilás e labelo com um centro amarelo e listras roxas. Palavras-chave: floricultura, melhoramento, Orchidaceae, seleção.
1. INTRODUCTION allows the introduction of relevant genes such as shape, durability, color, and others into hybrids of orchids The Orchidaceae family has about 26,500 species, (WITHNER, 1988) distributed across all continents (KEW, 2011). Brazil holds Breeding programs with Cattleyas are challenging one of the largest orchid diversity, with about 2,420 species due to their long juvenile period, which ranges from 3 to distributed in 235 genera, out of which 1,620 are endemic 7 years. In addition, most Cattleya hybrids flourish only (BARROS et al., 2010). Within the Orchidaceae family, once a year, limiting the production of flowers at different the most prominent are the orchids of the genus Cattleya seasons. As a result, hybrids that bloom more than once (AOS, 2013), characterized by flowers with three sepals receive special attention in the breeding programs of this and three well-defined petals, one of them modified, known species (Cardoso, 2010). as the labellum (TAKANE et al., 2010) In addition, the main characteristics evaluated in Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations occur hybrids obtained through improvement are the flowering efficiently and may be obtained either by controlled period, color, morphology and durability of the flower, pollination or by natural hybridization. However, as well as the size of the plant. These characteristics may complications regarded with cultivation, including a long be achieved by the crossing of different Cattleya species juvenile period and the low durability of potted flowers and (CARDOSO, 2010; CARDOSO et al., 2016), with the cut flowers, are the main factors that make the cultivation of possibility of using the species Cattleya forbesii Lindley Cattleyas hybrids of little interest to producers (CARDOSO and Cattleya labiata Lindley, for the expressive importance et al., 2010). in the Brazilian flower market. The objective of the backcrossing method is to recover some characteristic present in the genotype of the recurrent 2. ORIGIN parent. The process involves two genetic materials, one of which has the characteristic of interest to be introduced The hybrid was obtained from the Department of (BORÉM, 1998). Hybridization followed by backcrossing Agronomy of the Universidade Estadual de Londrina is quite common, occurring even in nature. Backcrossing (UEL), by the Orchid Genetic Improvement Program.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v24i2.1013 (1)Received in 01/02/2018 and accepted in 13/04/2018 (2) Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina-PR, Brazil. *Corresponding author: [email protected]. (3) Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR), Campus Ivaiporã, Ivaiporã-PR, Brasil. Licensed by CC BY 4.0
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Hybridization was performed by manual pollination, concentration added with 1.0 g L-1 of activated charcoal, carried out in the morning between 08:00 and 10:00 a.m. 30.0 g L-1 of sucrose and 7.5 g L-1 of agar, and pH adjusted with the help of a wooden toothpick. The anthers of the to 6 ± 0.2. The medium was autoclaved at 120 °C for 25 donor plant were collected and transferred to the stigma min. The sown media were maintained at 23 ± 1 °C, with of the mother plant, immediately after the emasculation, light intensity of 25 μmol m-2 s-1 and photoperiod of 16 h, in which was accomplished by the removal of the polineas 600 mL glass jars containing 50 mL of culture medium. The with the help of a wooden toothpick, 24 hours after the seedlings obtained were subgrown in new culture media, beginning of anthesis. The entire hybridization process was prepared in the same manner already described, under the carried out under greenhouse conditions. same conditions. Pollineas of Cattleya forbesii were collected from The total length of the in vitro phase was nine months, recently-opened flowers (72 hours after anthesis) and and in the first three months, germination occurred. transferred to the stigma of recently-opened flowers (24 to Subcultivations were performed every three months, and in 48 hours after anthesis) from Cattleya labiata. Five years each subculture, only the seedlings with rapid growth were after sowing, 15 plants selected from this hybridization used for the next subcultivation. were submitted to a new crossing (backcrossing), where the pollineas of Cattleya labiata X Cattleya forbesii plant were 3. MORPHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION collected from recently-opened flowers (72 hours after anthesis) and transferred to the stigma of recently- opened From the occurrence of gene segregation, 15 plants flowers (24 to 48 hours after anthesis) of Cattleya labiata. with similar phytometric characteristics of the vegetative Nine months after backcrossing, the capsule containing and reproductive part were selected. The characteristics the seeds was ripe. The seeds were collected and sterilized used for this selection were early flowering and number of in 10% sodium hypochlorite solution (2.5% active chlorine) flowers, which are desired in orchids (CARDOSO, 2010). for 20 minutes. Then, they were washed five times in sterile The selected hybrid of (Cattleya labiata x Cattleya distilled water to remove excess of chlorine. forbesii) x Cattleya labiata is a vigorous bi- or unifoliate Seed germination occurred in vitro in MS medium plant with thin, cylindrical pseudobulbs with 12 ± 3 cm in (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), with half the macronutrient length and 1.4 cm in diameter (Table 1).
Table 1. Vegetative morphological traits of Cattleya labiata, Cattleya forbesii and the hybrid resulting from the crossing between these species after the backcrossing with the female parent. Pseudobulb length (PL), pseudobulb diameter (PD), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW).
PL (cm) PD (cm) LL (cm) LW (cm)
C.labiata 20-25 3.0 ± 0.5 35-45 5.0 ± 0.5
C. forbesii 15-20 0.7 ± 0.2 8-13 4.0 ± 0.5
Hybrid 9-15 1.4 ± 0.3 12-16 5.5 ± 0.5
The leaves are coriaceous with a dark green color, length of 14 ± 2 cm and a width of 5.5 cm (Table 1). The and may vary according to the incidence of sunlight. flowers were 9.6 cm in width, 11.0 cm in length with They are erect, oblanceolate with obtuse tips with a 14cm long stems (Table 2).
Table 2. Flower morphological traits of Cattleya labiata, Cattleya forbesii and the hybrid resulting from the crossing of those species after backcrossing with the female parent. Floral stem length (FSL), flower width (FW), flower length (FL), number of flowers (NF) and flower durability (DF).
FSL (cm) FW (cm) FL (cm) NF FD (days)
C.labiata 20.0 ± 3.0 13.0 ± 1.0 13.0 ± 2.0 2-4 15-20
C.forbesii 10.0 ± 2.0 8.0 ± 0.5 8.0 ± 1.0 2-5 15-20
Hybrid 14.0 ± 5 9.6 ± 0.6 11.0 ± 2.0 2-4 15-20
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The flowers show flower whorls symmetrical and curved column, waved margins, and a yellow innerside with deep forward in relation to the plane of the flower, of light color purple stripes. The sepals have a length of 5.6 ± 0.3 cm and with lilac tonality (Figure 1). The labellum is 5.6 ± 0.3 cm a width of 3.2 ± 0.6 cm, displaying coloration similar to in length 3.2 ± 0.6 cm in width with a tubular shape on the the petals.
Figure 1. Flowers of the parents Cattleya labiata (A), Cattleya forbesii (B) and the hybrid (Cattleya labiata x Cattleya forbesii) x Cattleya labiata (C). Source: Google images (A); Google images (B); authors (C).
4. ADAPTABILITY they were again transplanted to black plastic pots with a diameter of 17 cm and a height of 15 cm and a volume of The new hybrid was evaluated under protected 1,000 mL. As substrate, a mixture of pine bark and charcoal cultivation conditions at Londrina State University, was used, at the proportion of 1:1 part of coal to pine bark located in the city of Londrina, state of Paraná, at (v v-1), sifted between 1.5- and 0.5- cm mesh sieves. 51°11’ W longitude and 23°23’ S latitude, at 566 m above During growth in the pots, the plants were fertilized sea level. The climate in the area is a subtropical humid by means of manual irrigation with nutrient solution (Cfa), according to Köppen classification. containing urea, simple superphosphate and potassium The plants were kept in greenhouse covered with chloride, formulating nutrient solution containing the -1 transparent polyethylene film and black plastic screen equivalent of 600 mg L of N, P2O5 and K2O. Fertilization (Sombrite®) with 70% of light retention at room temperature was performed every 15 days by applying 50 mL of nutrient (18-30 °C), luminosity of 50-25 μmol m-2 s- 1, with 60% ± solution per pot. Irrigation was done manually every day in 20% of relative humidity. the morning by applying a 6-mm water depth, except for the days when the plants were fertirrigated. 5. GROWING CONDITIONS 6. PERFORMANCE The acclimatized seedlings of the new hybrids were transplanted into black polypropylene pots with a diameter Early flowering, which occurred four years after sowing, of 10.2 cm, height of 7.8 cm and volume of 415 mL, in was observed in this work. Such fact is a commercial which they remained for 12 months. After this period, target characteristic. Flowering occurred twice in the year
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in Londrina, between the months of April and May and analysis and data collection, manuscript preparation. V.S.: October and November with 2-4 flowers per pseudobulb. Orientation of the work, important suggestions incorporated The flowers showed durability ranging from 15 to 20 days. to the work. R.T.F.: Orientation of the work, important The flowers are similar in shape toCattleya labiate. suggestions incorporated to the work.
7. PROPAGATION REFERENCES
Perennial plant, whose multiplication may preferably AOS (American Orchid Society). The showy Cattleya, be done by in vitro cloning sine it, is where it is possible to queen of the orchids. Available in: http://www.aos.org/ obtain a large number of plants in a certain period of time. Default.aspx?id. Accessed on: July 25th, 2016. They can also be propagated by dividing plants, but with low efficiency because the plant presents slow growth. BARROS, F.; VINHOS, F.; RODRIGUES, V.T.; BARBERENA, F.F.V.A.; FRAGA, C.N. Orchidaceae. 8. USES In: Catálogo de plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Available in:
The authors are thankful to CAPES, CNPq for the KEW (Royal Botanic Gardens). World checklist of financial support and Geraldo Lopes da Silva, from the selected plant families. 2011. Available in: http://apps. Universidade Estadual de Londrina, a technician from the kew.org/wcsp/. Accessed on: July 25th, 2016. orchid greenhouse. MURASHIGE, T.; SKOOG, F. A revised medium for AUTHORS CONTRIBUTIONS rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, v.15, n.3, p.473-497, 1962. G.A.C.A.: Creation of the idea, experiment installation and conduction at the greenhouse, phytotechnics analysis TAKANE, R.J.; YANAGISAWA, S.S.; PIVETTA, K.F.L. and data collection, statistical analysis of data, manuscript Cultivo moderno de orquídeas: Cattleya e seus híbridos. preparation. R.T.H.: Experiment installation and Fortaleza: Universidade Federal do Ceará, 2010. 179p. conduction at the greenhouse, phytotechnics analysis and data collection. D.J.B.: phytotechnics analysis and data WITHNER, C.L. The Cattleyas and their relatives. collection, manuscript preparation. R.C.C.: phytotechnics Portland: Timber Press, 1988. 136p.
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