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R4C: a Benchmark for Evaluating RC Systems to Get the Right Answer for the Right Reason
R4C: A Benchmark for Evaluating RC Systems to Get the Right Answer for the Right Reason Naoya Inoue1;2 Pontus Stenetorp2;3 Kentaro Inui1;2 1Tohoku University 2RIKEN 3University College London fnaoya-i, [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Question What was the former band of the member of Mother Recent studies have revealed that reading com- Love Bone who died just before the release of “Apple”? prehension (RC) systems learn to exploit an- Articles notation artifacts and other biases in current Title: Return to Olympus [1] Return to Olympus is the datasets. This prevents the community from only album by the alternative rock band Malfunkshun. reliably measuring the progress of RC systems. [2] It was released after the band had broken up and 4 after lead singer Andrew Wood (later of Mother Love To address this issue, we introduce R C, a Input Bone) had died... [3] Stone Gossard had compiled… new task for evaluating RC systems’ internal Title: Mother Love Bone [4] Mother Love Bone was 4 reasoning. R C requires giving not only an- an American rock band that… [5] The band was active swers but also derivations: explanations that from… [6] Frontman Andrew Wood’s personality and justify predicted answers. We present a reli- compositions helped to catapult the group to... [7] Wood died only days before the scheduled release able, crowdsourced framework for scalably an- of the band’s debut album, “Apple”, thus ending the… notating RC datasets with derivations. We cre- ate and publicly release the R4C dataset, the Explanation Answer first, quality-assured dataset consisting of 4.6k Supporting facts (SFs): Malfunkshun questions, each of which is annotated with 3 [1], [2], [4], [6], [7] reference derivations (i.e. -
Poster Is 48” Wide by 36” High
MeltingPotQA: Multi-hop question answering Nathan Dass, Saelig Khattar, Ankit Mathur Printing: This poster is 48” wide by 36” high. It’s designed to be printed on a large PROBLEM APPROACH: RELEVANT PARAGRAPHS ANALYSIS format printer. • Reading comprehension requires model innovations • Document Embeddings (doc2vec) Preprocessing • Averaging • Before: <t> Greisen – –OOV– – Kuzmin limit – • Baseline model is designed to work on single context • Per-word paragraph embeddings OOV– The Greisen – –OOV– – Kuzmin limit( GZK Customizing the Content: limit ) is a theoretical upper limit on the document, with no methodology to focus on more relevant • Supervised Document Embeddings energy of cosmic rays (high energy charged The placeholders in this documents • Other improvements to the baseline model particles from space ) coming from " distant formatted for you. • Hypothesis: understanding which documents are more " sources .–OOV– The limit is , or about 8 – likely to be relevant to a question will guide the model in OOV– joules . placeholders to add text, or click an the right direction • After: <title> Greisen – –OOV– – Kuzmin limit <p> The Greisen – –OOV– – Kuzminlimit ( GZK icon to add a table, chart, SmartArt limit ) is a theoretical upper limit on the graphic, picture or multimedia file. energy of cosmicrays ( high energy charged particles from space ) coming from " distant" sources . <p> The limit is , or T HOTPOTQA – MULTI-HOP QUESTION about 8 –OOV– joules . ANSWERING text, just click the Bullets button on the Home tab. Paragraph 1: Supervised document embeddings • [1] Return to Olympus is the only album by the alternative rock band Cross-entropy vs. weighted cross entropy If you need more placeholders for titles, Malfunkshun. -
HOTPOTQA: a Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-Hop Question Answering
HOTPOTQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering Zhilin Yang*♠ Peng Qi*~ Saizheng Zhang*| Yoshua Bengio|} William W. Coheny Ruslan Salakhutdinov♠ Christopher D. Manning~ ♠ Carnegie Mellon University ~ Stanford University | Mila, Universite´ de Montreal´ } CIFAR Senior Fellow y Google AI fzhiliny, [email protected], fpengqi, [email protected] [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Paragraph A, Return to Olympus: [1] Return to Olympus is the only album by the alterna- tive rock band Malfunkshun. [2] It was released after Existing question answering (QA) datasets fail the band had broken up and after lead singer Andrew to train QA systems to perform complex rea- Wood (later of Mother Love Bone) had died of a drug soning and provide explanations for answers. overdose in 1990. [3] Stone Gossard, of Pearl Jam, had We introduce HOTPOTQA, a new dataset with compiled the songs and released the album on his label, 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs Loosegroove Records. with four key features: (1) the questions re- Paragraph B, Mother Love Bone: [4] Mother Love Bone was an American rock band that quire finding and reasoning over multiple sup- formed in Seattle, Washington in 1987. [5] The band porting documents to answer; (2) the ques- was active from 1987 to 1990. [6] Frontman Andrew tions are diverse and not constrained to any Wood’s personality and compositions helped to catapult pre-existing knowledge bases or knowledge the group to the top of the burgeoning late 1980s/early schemas; (3) we provide sentence-level sup- 1990s Seattle music scene. -
Towards Explainable Question Answering (XQA)
Towards Explainable Question Answering (XQA) Saeedeh Shekarpour,1 Faisal Alshargi,2 Mohammadjafar Shekarpour 1 University of Dayton, Dayton, United States 2 University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract poral and locative dimensions and feedbacks from the crowd during the spread of content. In addition, they The increasing rate of information pollution on the Web fail to 1) provide transparency about their exploitation requires novel solutions to tackle that. Question An- and ranking mechanisms, 2) discriminate trustworthy swering (QA) interfaces are simplified and user-friendly interfaces to access information on the Web. However, content and sources from untrustworthy ones, 3) iden- similar to other AI applications, they are black boxes tify manipulative or misleading context, and 4) reveal which do not manifest the details of the learning or rea- provenance. soning steps for augmenting an answer. The Explainable Question Answering (QA) applications are a subcat- Question Answering (XQA) system can alleviate the egory of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications where pain of information pollution where it provides trans- for a given question, an adequate answer(s) is provided parency to the underlying computational model and ex- to the end-user regardless of concerns related to the poses an interface enabling the end-user to access and structure and semantics of the underlying data. The validate provenance, validity, context, circulation, inter- spectrum of QA implementations varies from statisti- pretation, and feedbacks of information. This position cal approaches (Shekarpour, Ngomo, and Auer 2013; paper sheds light on the core concepts, expectations, and challenges in favor of the following questions (i) Shekarpour et al. -
P2-2 機械読解システムの推論過程のベンチマークの構築 �近⽇公開予定� 井之上 直也 (東北大/理研) Pontus Stenetorp (UCL/理研) 乾 健太郎 (東北大/理研)
P2-2 機械読解システムの推論過程のベンチマークの構築 �近⽇公開予定� 井之上 直也 (東北大/理研) Pontus Stenetorp (UCL/理研) 乾 健太郎 (東北大/理研) https://naoya-i.github.io/r4c/ 背景: 機械読解データセットに潜むバイアス 提案: 新しい機械読解タスク R4C クラウドソーシングによるデータ構築 • ⾔語を理解せずとも表層的な⼿がかりにより • 出⼒: 回答 + 説明 • HotpotQA 4,747 事例に付与 (3参照導出/1事例) 回答可能な機械読解問題が多数ある (Sugawara+18, • 説明: 回答を導く entity 間の関係の集合 (導出) • 事前スクリーニングテストの実施 (効果⼤) Mudrakarta+18, etc.) ■質問: What was the former band of the member of Mother • 報酬: 30セント/1タスク • 他の分野 (含意関係認識, 因果関係認識) でも同様な Love Bone who died just before the release of “Apple”? 発⾒あり (Gururangan+18, Kavumba+19, etc.) [1] Return to Olympus is the only album by the alternative rock • 問題: システムの性能の過⼤評価 band Malfunkshun. [2] It was released after the band had broken up and after lead singer Andrew Wood (later of Mother Love Bone) had died of a drug overdose in 1990. [3] Stone Gossard… 関連研究 [4] Mother Love Bone was an American rock band that… [5] The band was active from… [6] Frontman Andrew Wood’s personality • ⽅策1: 難易度を上げる (e.g. マルチホップQA) and compositions helped to catapult the group to... [7] Wood died • only days before the scheduled release of the band’s debut album, ⽅策2: モデルの内部挙動を評価 (Yang+18, Jansen+19) “Apple”, thus ending the group’s… • HotpotQA (Yang+18): 回答 + 説明の出⼒を要求 ■導出 • 説明: 回答の根拠となる⽂集合 (Supporting Facts) [Malfunkshun] [Andrew Wood] [Malfunkshun] is [an alternative is lead singer of is former of rock band] [Malfunkshun] ■質問: What was the former band of the member of Mother [Mother Love Bone] Love Bone who died just before the release of “Apple”? [Andrew Wood] [Andrew Wood] is a member of died just before the • 品質: 付与された導出のうち93.9%から回答を復元可 [1] Return to Olympus is the only album by the alternative rock [Mother Love Bone] release of [Apple] band Malfunkshun. -
We Are Currently Booking “The Godfathers of Grunge”
We Are Currently Booking “The Godfathers of Grunge” Kevin Wood Jeff Loftis Gus McIntosh Mike Stone Lead Guitar/Vocals Vocals/Harmonica Bass Drums Kevin Wood - Legendary Guitarist Kevin’s musical career spanned over 30 years. In addition to founding Malfunkshun, Kevin’s talents have been showcased in his numerous bands including: Kevin Wood & From the North, Devil Head, Fire Ants, Hippie Glitz. His band members have included Chad Channing from Nirvana, Ben Shepherd of Soundgarden, Sean Smith of Brad & Satchel. He has played and recorded with notable musicians including: Stone Gossard of Pearl Jam & Brad, Tim McGovern of the Motels, Skerik from Critters Buggin on Scott Cranes Umbra project,The DeHumanizers & Dan McDonald in Regin Herjar & others. He has shared the stage with such bands as: Soundgarden, Brad, Stone Gossard, Extreme, Puddle of Mud, Grand Funk Railroad, Satchel, Fishbone, Super Suckers, Husker Du, Discharge, The Mentors, Dehumanizers, Chad Channing, Ben Shepherd, Tom Morello, Shawn Smith, Tim Robbins, Jack Endino, Duff McKagan. Jeff Loftis - Vocals Jeff has provided vocals for bands including: Mr. Meaner and Beggar’s Opera (Maverick Records), and Angelheart. He has recorded and/or played drums with Dali’s Dilemma on Magna Carta, former NFL Player and Paisley Park recording artist Esera Tuaolo, Billy Peterson of Steve Miller Band, and the late Mike Starr of Alice in chains. Jeff has shared the stage with many popular bands including: Candlebox, Everclear, Pres. of the United States of America, Yngwie Malmstein, Galactic Cowboys, King X, Quiet Riot, David Lee Roth, Alice in Chains, War Babies, Cindy Lauper, Love on Ice, Mullmuzzler, Guntruck, L7, and 7 Year Bitch. -
Place and Punk: the Heritage Significance of Grunge in the Pacific North West
Place and Punk: The heritage significance of Grunge in the Pacific North West William Kenneth Smith MA By Research University of York Archaeology May 2017 Abstract Academic institutions and the heritage industry are now actively seeking to understand the wider social, cultural and economic processes which surround the production and consumption of popular music histories. Music is a local creation; it is created through a flux of internal and external influences, and is bound up in questions of economy, networks, art, identity and technology. In the early 1990s the Pacific North West of the United States of America gave birth to what became known as the musical genre of ‘grunge’. It developed into a distinctive genre, presenting a style and sound which propagated within the confines of a specific time and place. As construction sites continue to emerge throughout the Pacific North West, the impact of music still provides an essential contribution to the regions character and culture. Despite this, countercultural pasts are vulnerable; not only to the passage of time but also the processes of development, gentrification and marginalization. This research explores the heritage significance of the Pacific North West punk scene. It presents a historiography of punk and an appraisal of the scholarly discourse surrounding place. This study utilizes artifacts, sites and oral histories to explore countercultural material and memories as well as the form and function of punk. Themes such as geography and environment are enfranchised into the discussion as ethnography and multidisciplinary approaches are applied to make a unique contribution to what is an essential and timely discussion regarding people, culture, heritage and place. -
GODIŠNJAK Annual Review GODIŠNJAK Annual Review 2011/2012
GODIŠNJAK Annual Review GODIŠNJAK Annual review 2011/2012 Zagreb, 2013. godišnjak studija dizajna / school of design annual review 2011/2012 SADRŽAJ Contents Izdavač / publisher 7 PREDGOVOR 163 DIPLOMSKI STUDIJ 227 PROJEKTI Sveučilište u Zagrebu Foreword Graduate programme Projects Arhitektonski fakultet Studij dizajna 11 STUDIJ DIZAJNA U 2012. 167 INDUSTRIJSKI DIZAJN 247 DOGAĐANJA School of design in 2012 Industrial design Events Za izdavača / For the publisher Stipe Brčić 17 PREDDIPLOMSKI STUDIJ 177 VIZUALNE KOMUNIKACIJE 267 IZVEDBENI PROGRAM Undergraduate programme Visual communication Curriculum outline 21 INDUSTRIJSKI DIZAJN 191 TIPOGRAFIJA 289 STUDENTI Industrial design Typography Students 53 VIZUALNE KOMUNIKACIJE 195 INTERAKTIVNI MEDIJI 301 VIJEĆE STUDIJA DIZAJNA, Visual communications Interactive media POVJERENSTVA, PROGRAMSKI ODBOR School of Design Council, Committees, 115 TIPOGRAFIJA 201 FILM I VIDEO Programme Board Typography Film and video 307 AKTIVNOSTI PROFESORA 141 INTERAKTIVNI MEDIJI 209 DIPLOMSKI RADOVI Teachers Activities Interactive media Master’s thesis 311 REGISTAR 147 FOTOGRAFIJA Archive Photography Sva prava pridržana. Niti jedan dio ove publikacije ne smije se reproducirati ni na koji elektronski i mehanički način bez pisane dozvole izdavača. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means without permission in writing from the publisher. ISSN 1848-7823 5 godišnjak studija dizajna / school of design annual review 2011/2012 PREDGOVOR IZV. PROF. STIPE BRČIĆ Iza nas je dvadesetitreća akademska godina. Prema postignutim voditelj Studija dizajna rezultatima sa zadovoljstvom možemo ustvrditi da je to bila još jedna Arhitektonskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu uspješna godina za naš studij. To će svakako potkrijepiti prezentacija koja slijedi, a koja obuhvaća oba studijska programa. -
HOTPOTQA: a Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-Hop Question Answering Zhilin Yang*♠ Peng Qi*♥ Saizheng Zhang*♣ Yoshua Bengio♣♦ William W
HOTPOTQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering Zhilin Yang*♠ Peng Qi*~ Saizheng Zhang*| Yoshua Bengio|} William W. Coheny Ruslan Salakhutdinov♠ Christopher D. Manning~ ♠ Carnegie Mellon University ~ Stanford University | Mila, Universite´ de Montreal´ } CIFAR Senior Fellow y Google AI fzhiliny, [email protected], fpengqi, [email protected] [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Paragraph A, Return to Olympus: [1] Return to Olympus is the only album by the alterna- tive rock band Malfunkshun. [2] It was released after Existing question answering (QA) datasets fail the band had broken up and after lead singer Andrew to train QA systems to perform complex rea- Wood (later of Mother Love Bone) had died of a drug soning and provide explanations for answers. overdose in 1990. [3] Stone Gossard, of Pearl Jam, had We introduce HOTPOTQA, a new dataset with compiled the songs and released the album on his label, 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs Loosegroove Records. with four key features: (1) the questions re- Paragraph B, Mother Love Bone: [4] Mother Love Bone was an American rock band that quire finding and reasoning over multiple sup- formed in Seattle, Washington in 1987. [5] The band porting documents to answer; (2) the ques- was active from 1987 to 1990. [6] Frontman Andrew tions are diverse and not constrained to any Wood’s personality and compositions helped to catapult pre-existing knowledge bases or knowledge the group to the top of the burgeoning late 1980s/early schemas; (3) we provide sentence-level sup- 1990s Seattle music scene.