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Newark Bay Hackensack River-Passaic River Chan AlfredHammon, MBA, Commander, USNR Ret.!,is supervisorof developmentplanning at thePort Authority of NewYork and New Jersey, an adjunct assistant professor of marinetransportation at the State University of NewYork Maritime College, and a guestlecturer in seaporttnanagement at the US Merchant Marine Academy. Authorof the 1958Wettr York Port Hartdbook,he holds a ClassB InterstateCommerce Commission Practitioners certificate,has served at seain merchantvessels, has worked ashore in marinetransportation, and has written numerousstudies and lectureson port development, Copyright! 1976 by NewYork Sea Grant Institute Ail rightsreserved; the US Gavenunentis authorizedto produceand distributereprints Far governmentaipurposes notwithstandingany copyrightnatation that may appearhereon. Contents Maps,Figures, Tables Acknowledgments Intro due tion America's BusiestCargo Port The ChannelSystems Ambrose Anchorage HudsonRiver ChannelsSystem 12 EastRiver Channel System 14 NewYork and NewJersey ChannelsSystem 15 Other Channels in the Port District 16 Waterwaysand Inlets Beyondthe Port District 17 Anchorages 17 NavigationSafety Pilotageand Navigation Vessel Traffic Control 19 Fire and Police Protection 19 HarborDredging 19 MajorOcean Terminal Development 20 PublicPort Agencies 20 PubliclyOwned and DevelopedTerminals 21 PrivatelyOwned and Developed Terminals 27 DeepwaterOil Terminals 29 Federal Facilities 30 The Harbor Shoreline 32 Blightand Drift 32 Available Land 35 DevelopmentControls 37 ShipboardPollution Control 38 Oily Wastes 38 Sewage 39 Summary 40 References 41 Acknowledgments The author acknowledgeswith gratitudethe time and resourcesmade availableby the Port Authority of New York and New Jerseyto researchand prepare this monograph.Special appreciations go to LM. Krieger,supervising transportation planree, Joseph J. Birgeles,senior transportation planner, Matthew G. Smith, staff transportationplanner, and Aileen L. Bush,transportation planner of the PortAuthority, whose capablecontributions made the task faster, better, andmore satisfying. Manuscriptaecep edJanuary 1975; revisedJanuary 1976. INap1. Regional ports outside Port District C0 0 72 30 41 30 72 00 41 00 71 30 42 30 73 00 42 00 ttt 0. F 0 0 F t t /O I c / E0 gn o r~ c 0 0 c} 0 o a}3 tt J:0 lO o C} oCV / G / 0 0Z / ttI ~} IJJ !$>s 0 O U IJJ o 0o o It 0 0 C t/' c 0! tl} ttt / 0 o 0 92 }JL I0 t L Q 0t ct ~ ttt 0 Cl c I c K 0 o 0 I 0 'U J / t}} t vr I 4 ttt tt} 8 Z / 0 I V 0 0 t C 0 tj Cc 0 9 ttt tt} Z tll' ;~</t0 II! Gp 0 J E C IJ 0 tt} I ~4 -yO I go tt} N 0 1 .o CV o I o o o Ir o o rr tl} c T / c r- ttt I / I 0 o t } o 2 ! 0 Q.i' i. / OC 9L 00 OV 00 9L 00 6C QE 9L 00 6'E 00 9L 06 86 OZ PL JamaicaBay. SeveralNew Jerseycommunities have and up 63.5%at ColumbiaStreet Marine Terminal, allotted portions of their waterfronts ta activities for example Port Authority of New York and New connectedwith the port. Thesecommunities include Jersey 1975c!. Edgewater,Guttenberg, Weehawken, Hoboken, and Of the nearly 197 million short tons af cargoin Jersey City on the Hudson River; JerseyCity and 1972, about 31/o was foreign trade, mostly import, Bayonneon Upper New York Bay; Bayonneon Kill Nearly 54% of theseimports consistedof kerosene van Kull; Bayonne,Newark, Kearny, and Elizabeth andfuel oils; 23%was crude oil; 2%%uowassugar. Iron on Newark Bay; and Linden, Carteret,Waodbridge, andsteel scrap were among the major exports. Sewaren,and Perth Arnboy on Arthur Kill. Port- Domesticcargoes comprised over two-thirds af relatedactivities also exist alongthe Raritan,Passaic, the 1972 total. Of this, about 40% was mtraharbor andHackensack river systems. cargo. Coastaltrade was mainly petroleum.Table 1 comparesPart of New York commercein 1963 and 1972. The Port of New York also handles more passengership movementsthan any of the leadingUS seaports.In 1972,626,834 overseas passengers moved America's BusiestCargo Port through the port, comparedta 1,008,143m 1963 Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Amongthe 11 leadingUS continental seaports*, the 197 5a!. Part of New York haslong beenthe leaderin ship arrivalsand in tonsof cargo. In 1972,about 20/o of all ship arrivalsat the 11 leadingseaports were at the Port of New York: aver 9,000 vessels,compared to about 5,000 at Phila- delphia, the next in traffic Maritime Associationof the Port of New York, Inc. 1973!,Ship arrivals at New York were up about 4%%uoover 1971.Summer is usuallythe busiesttime 856arrivals in August1972! Table1. Major commodities in waterborne commerce, 1963 but winteris far from slow98 in February1972!. and 1972 About 28/o of the arrivingships were documented in the United States;about 12/ooriginated in the United 1963 1972 millions of short tons! Kingdomand northern Europeand about 12%in the West Indies and northern coast of South America. TOTAL 154.7 196.8 As for cargo handling, in 1972 almost 197 Domestic 107.5 135.0 million shorttons movedthrough the Port of New York, up about28% fram 1971.US Army Corpsof Intraharbor 39.5 54,6 Engineersdata for 1973 the most recent available Regional 10,5 22.7 show that about 217 million short tons of cargo Coastal 57.5 57.7 movedvia the Port of NewYork, comparedto 136 Petroleum 40.2 44.6 million short tons in New Orleans second! and about 88.5 million short tons in Houston third!, Detailed Other 17.3 13.1 data, while not yet complete for 1974, show a marked upward trend in volume comparedto 1973 Foreign 47.2 61.8 for somePort Authority marineterminals: up 11.8% at Elizabeth Port Authority Mari~eTerminal, up imports 40.0 56.2 33.6%at Brooklyn Port AuthorityMarine Terminal, Kerosene, gasoline, and fuel oils 19.3 30.5 Crude oil 9.0 1 3.1 Other 1 1,7 12.6 Exports 7,2 5,6 *The leading US seaports are New York, New Orleans, Houston, Philadelphia, Los Angeles Long Beach, Baltimore, Hampton Roads, San Francisco,Seattle, Portland, and Boston, as reported by the Maritime Association of the Port of New York, inc, Source: US Army Corps of Engineers 1963, 1972d Map 2. Major federal ocean channels 74 30 74 15 74 00 Bronx vi n dgawerer- c eehawken c Rwet Channels , v'! IIIIanhattan oudtBmther HackenseckRiver islandChannel Channel asv O PassaicRiver Channel irl Hoboken Longisksnd City Channel HudsonR!ver Islewark Channel Queens NewarkBay Channel JerseyCity tatueof * Butrcrmilk Channel nchorageCh nn!I GovernorsIsland Ui n hev; IL Eiiza beth GowanusCreek Cliannel Bayonne RedHook Rests BeyR!dge Red Hook Channels Kill venKull Brooklyn JFIcA Irrinn Channel BtephrtonAnchorage GreveaendBey Anchorage ArthurKill Channel StatenIsland .l!m,!!I,IR.!y <.h II!nI I I o!'a! NewYuri flay LEGEND EastRiver Channel System An!l>n!WCh.nvn .' NewYork end New Jersey Channels System PerthAmboy la!JnlSnn Channel~ Anchorage Ambrose Anchorage Hudson River ChanneI Syetern O O in us0 O Bays!drChannel Rari RIvnr Rsr!fanbey Charm SrmdyHonk Cln!IIIIPI 1:230,000 N Statutemiles Kilometers Nauticalmiles 74 30 74 15 TransverseMercator projection 10 The Channel Systems The Port of New York can be entered f'rom the Bay entrance!,also servingMain Ship Channel, Atlantic Oceanby way of LowerNew York Bay, Bay Ridge Red Hook GowanusCreek channels, LongIsland Sound, or RaritanBay. The LowerNew ButtermilkChannel, and Jamaica Bay Channel; York Bayentrance, served by AmbroseChannel and 2. East River channelsystem Long Island Sound. an alternate route via Main Ship Channel,is used entrance!,also servingSouth Brother IslandChan- mostly by oceanvessels; this entrancealso provides neland Long Island City Channel;and. accessto JamaicaBay. The federal channelsystems 3. New York and New Jersey channelssystem Map 2!, with their major branchand spur channels, Raritan Bay entrance!,namely, Raritan Bay, are: ArthurKill, andKill vanKull channelsand serving also Newark Bay Channel,Hackensack River l. Ambrose Anchorage Hudson River Edgewater- Channel, PassaicRiver Channel, and Raritan River Weehawkenchannels system Lower New York Channel. Table 2. Authorized widths, depths, and lengthsof major federal channelsin Port District Controlling Depth A p proxim ate Channel Width Range of Route Segments Length ft m ft m mi km Ambrose Anchorage Hudson R iver 2,000 61 0.0 45 & 48 13.7 & 14.6 22.0 35.4 Edgewater Weehawken 550-750 167.8-228.8 32 9.8 5.0 8.0 Sandy Hook Bayside Main Ship 500-1,000 'l52.5-305.0 30 & 35 9.2 & 10.7 9.8 15.8 Bay Ridge Red Hook 1,200-1,750 366.0-533.8 40 12.2 4.0 6,4 Gowanus Creek 100-500 30.5-152.5 30 9.2 08 1,3 Henry Street Basin Branch 150 45.8 30 9.2 0.2 0.3 Buttermilk 1,000 305.0 35& 40 10.7 & 12.2 2.3 3.7 Jamaica Bay 500-1,000 152.5-305.0 18 & 20 5.5 & 6.1 5,0 8.0 Northern branch 200-300 61.0-91.5 12 & 18 3.7 & 5.5 5.0 8.0 Eastern branch 200-250 61.0-76.3 4.6 8,0 12.9 East River 550-1,000 167.8-305.0 35 & 40 10.7 & 12.2 'I 6.5 26.5 South Brother Island 400 122.0 35 10.7 1.0 1.6 Long Island City 500-900 152.5-274.5 1.4 23 New York and New Jersey 300-1,400 91,5-427.0 35 10.7 31.0 50.0 Raritan River and Bay 80-800 24.4-244.0 10, 15, 3.1, 4.6, 20.0 32.2 25 & 35 7.6 & 10.7 Arthur Kill 300-800 91.5-244.0 35 10.7 13.0 20.9 Kiil van Kull 650-1,400 198.3-427.0 35 10.7 6,0 9.7 Newark Bay 500-1,000 152.5-305.0 10.7 4 7 7.6 Hacken sack R iver 150400 45.8-122.0 12 & 30 3.7 & 9.2 16.5 26,5 Passaic River 150-300 45.8-91.5 10 30 3.1-9.2 15.4 24,8 Source: US Army Corps of E ngineers1972e 11 Bottomwidths in thesechannels range from 100 limitingdepth of 45 ft 3,7 m!,a widthof 2,000 ft through2,000 ft 0.5 thxough610 m!; controlling 10 m!, and a total length Rom the seaentrance to mean low water MLW! depthsat downstreamentry West 59th Street Manhattan!of about 22 mi 5,4 pointsrange frotn 25 thxough48 ft or 7.6through km!.
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