DOCSLIB.ORG

The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 13792-TON STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA RURAL ROADS PROJECT JANUARY 3, 1995 Public Disclosure Authorized Private Sector Development, Finance & Infrastructure Division Maghreb and Iran Department Public Disclosure Authorized Middle East & North Africa Regional Office CURRENCYEQUIVALENTS (As of December 1994) $1= D 1.03 FiSCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 ACRONYMSAND ABBREVIATIONS CTN Compagnie Tunisienne de Navigation National Shipping Company DGPC Direction Generale des Ponts et Chaussees General Directorate of Bridges and Roads DREH Direction Regionale de I'Equipement et de l'Habitat Regional Directorate of Equipment and Housing ERR Economic Rate of Return GDP Gross Domestic Product HDM Highway Demand Model ICB International Competitive Bidding IWG Interministerial Working Group LCB Local Competitive Bidding MEH Ministere de I'Equipement et de 1'Habitat Ministry of Equipment and Housing MOT Ministry of Transport NPV Net Present Value OPNT Office des Ports Nationaux Tunisiens PDR Programme de Developpement Regional PDRI Programme de Developpement Rural Integre RC Regional Council SNCFT Societe Nationale des Chemins de Fer Tunisiens National Railway Company STAM Societe Tunisienne d'Acconage et de Manutention STIA Societe Tunisienne d 'Industrie Automobile This report was prepared on the basis of an appraisal mission in November 1994 led by Jaffar Bentchikou (Sr. Highway Engineer) and comprising Michel Loir (Sr. Transport Economist), Claudia Sadoff (Economist), Yasser Henda (Project Assistant), Claudia Pardifias (Legal Counsel) and Nicola Renison(Operations Assistant) and with the assistance of Michelle Detwiler, Brigitte Grant and Mireille Pagutalan. Peer reviewer was Antonio Cittati (Sr. Highway Engineer). The processing of the project was supervised by Amir Al-Khafaji, Chief, Private Sector Development, Finance and Infrastructure Division (MNlPI) and Daniel Ritchie, Director, Maghreb and Iran Department. REPUBLICOF TUNISIA RURALROADS PROJECT 7A[I1LE OF CONTrF-NT Page Table of Contents .1........................ .... ..... .... i Loan and Project Summary ................ .. .. ... .. ... .. .. iv I. The Transport Sector and The TunisianEconomy .... 1 A. Country Background .1............. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 B. Past Economic Performance and Medium-term Prospects .... ...... 2 C. Main Characteristicsof The Transport Sector ................. 3 D. Past and Projected Transport Investments .................... 4 E. Transport Sector Issues ............................... 6 F. Bank AssistanceStrategy ............................. 11 G. Bank Transport Lending Strategy ......... 12 II. Rural Roads and AgricultureDevelopment ......... 15 A. The Rural Roads within the Road Network ....... 15 B. Transport Servicesin Rural Areas ......... 16 C. Rural Road Administration ........... .. .. .. .. 17 D. MaintenanceOrganization . .18 E. Funding of Rural Roads .............. .. .. .. .. ... .. 18 F. Organizationof AgriculturalDevelopment ........ 20 G. Bank Experienceof Previous Rural Road Projects ....... 21 III. The Project . ......................................... 23 A. Background,Objectives and Description ................... 23 B. InstitutionalReforms ................................ 24 Concept and Content ............................. 24 Cost and Financing .............................. 28 Implementation................................. 28 C. Pilot Periodic Rehabilitation ........................... 28 Concept and Content ............................. 28 Cost and Financing .............................. 29 Implementation................................. 29 D. UpgradingRural Roads .............................. 30 Concept and Content ............................. 30 Cost and Financing .............................. 31 Implementation................................. 31 E. Costs and Financing ................................ 33 Costs ......................... ..... ..... ... 33 Financing .................. ... .... ... .... ... 33 F. Procurement .................... .... .... .... .... 34 Works ....................................... 34 Consulting Services .............................. 35 General ..... ................................. 35 G. Disbursement.. ...... 36 H. Workshops, Implementation, Reporting and Auditing ..... 37 I. Environmental Impact ............. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. 38 IV. Economic Justification ............ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 V. Agreements and Recommendation ......... .. .. 43 A. Agreements & Understandings Confirmed at Negotiations ..... 43 B. Conditions of Board Presentation ........ 43 C. Other Covenants ............ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 44 D. Recommendation ........... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 44 A 3.1: Institutional Study, Outline TORs ........ 45 A. Concept, Objectives and Methodology ....... 45 Concept and Content ......... .. .. .. .. 45 Objectives ............. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. 45 Methodology ........... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 46 B. Road Classification and Budgets ........ 46 C. Road Maintenance ........... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 47 A 3.2: Sector Strategy Letter ........... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 A 3.3: Road Standards Study, Outline TORs ....... 52 Objectives ............. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ... 52 Methodology ............ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 A 3.4: Agricultural Indicators ........... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 54 A 3.5: Project Costs, Financing and Disbursement Schedule ...... 55 A 3.6: Procurement Arrangements ......... .. .. .. .. .. 64 A 3.7: Project Implementation Schedule ........ 65 A 4.1: Economic Evaluation Details ......... .. .. .. .. 66 A. Socio-Economic Framework of Project Roads ...... 66 B. Methodology of the Economic Evaluation ...... 86 C. Results of the Economic Evaluation ....... 87 MAP: IBRD 26534 Tahles and Figures Project Cost . ........................................... v Financing Plan . .......................................... v Estimated Disbursements ..................................... v Table 1.1: Transport Public Investments ........................... 4 Table 2.1: Classified Road Network ............................. 15 Table 2.2: Evolution of Road Budgets ............................ 19 Table 3.1: Pilot Periodic Rehabilitation, Indicators .................... 29 Table 3.2: Upgrading Rural Roads, Per km Average Base Cost .... ........ 31 Table 3.3: Upgrading Rural Roads, Indicators ....................... 31 Table 3.4: Project Cost Summary ............................... 33 Table 3.5: Project Financing .................................. 34 Table 3.6: Procurement Arrangements ........................... 34 Table 3.7: Allocation and Disbursement of the Loan ................... 36 Table 3.8: Disbursement Profiles ............................... 36 Table 4.1.1: Economic Evaluation Summary ....................... 87 REPUBLICOF TUNISIA RURALROADS PROJECT Borrower Republic of Tunisia. Amount $51.5 million. Terms Seventeen years, includinga five-year grace period, at the Bank's standard variable interest rate. Objectives The project objectives are public sector restructuring, budgetary reforms, privatesector development, the developmentof improved road standards, the reductionof disparitiesbetween urban and rural areas, the reductionof rural to urban migration, and improvingthe delivery of social services to poorer population.These objectives will be realizedthrough improvingmaintenance of rural roads, particularly unpaved ones; decentralizingroad management responsibilities to local governments, without developing new entities; establishing a link between budgets and road classification; strengthening budgetarydiscipline, transparencyand accountability;targeting specificroad maintenancetasks for executionby contractto improveefficiency and to create new development opportunities for a dynamic private sector; and finally minimizinglife-cycle costs by makingoptimum use of gravel road techniques. Project (a) the preparation and initial implementationof an institutionalreform Description program (3% of cost); (b) the periodicrehabilitation of approximately300 km of gravel roads in a pilot programto be carried out by contract in ten Governorates(9% of cost); and (c) the upgrading of about 715 km of priority rural roads to appropriate standards(88% of cost). Project The main benefits will involve savings in road transport costs; improved Benefits accessto remoterural areas, which will translate into lower consumer prices, higherfarm gate pricesfor agriculturalproduce and reductionin rural poverty; and better access to social services such as schools and hospitals. The provision of agricultural extension services will also be facilitated, with a complementaryimpact on agricultural production. Implementationof the in- stitutional reform program will clarify classificationand ownershipof local access roads as assets of local government, and a shift toward road maintenance works by contract should alleviate the financial impact of maintenanceworks on budgetary resources. Loan and Project Sunuwry Project Risks include both under-funding of parallel public agricultural investments Risks and inadequate institutional reforms. The project mitigates the first risk through a declared commitment from the Govermnent guaranteeing a steady follow-up on agricultural infrastructure investments and extension work in the project roads' zones of influence. The second risk is mitigated through a Letter
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tunisia Summary Strategic Environmental and Social
    PMIR Summary Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP PROJECT: ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE MODERNIZATION PROJECT COUNTRY: TUNISIA SUMMARY STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT (SESA) Project Team: Mr. P. M. FALL, Transport Engineer, OITC.2 Mr. N. SAMB, Consultant Socio-Economist, OITC.2 Mr. A. KIES, Consultant Economist, OITC 2 Mr. M. KINANE, Principal Environmentalist, ONEC.3 Mr. S. BAIOD, Consultant Environmentalist ONEC.3 Project Team Sector Director: Mr. Amadou OUMAROU Regional Director: Mr. Jacob KOLSTER Division Manager: Mr. Abayomi BABALOLA 1 PMIR Summary Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment Project Name : ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE MODERNIZATION PROJECT Country : TUNISIA Project Number : P-TN-DB0-013 Department : OITC Division: OITC.2 1 Introduction This report is a summary of the Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) of the Road Project Modernization Project 1 for improvement works in terms of upgrading and construction of road structures and primary roads of the Tunisian classified road network. This summary has been prepared in compliance with the procedures and operational policies of the African Development Bank through its Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) for Category 1 projects. The project description and rationale are first presented, followed by the legal and institutional framework in the Republic of Tunisia. A brief description of the main environmental conditions is presented, and then the road programme components are presented by their typology and by Governorate. The summary is based on the projected activities and information contained in the 60 EIAs already prepared. It identifies the key issues relating to significant impacts and the types of measures to mitigate them. It is consistent with the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) developed to that end.
    [Show full text]
  • Les Projets D'assainissement Inscrit S Au Plan De Développement
    1 Les Projets d’assainissement inscrit au plan de développement (2016-2020) Arrêtés au 31 octobre 2020 1-LES PRINCIPAUX PROJETS EN CONTINUATION 1-1 Projet d'assainissement des petites et moyennes villes (6 villes : Mornaguia, Sers, Makther, Jerissa, Bouarada et Meknassy) : • Assainissement de la ville de Sers : * Station d’épuration : travaux achevés (mise en eau le 12/08/2016); * Réhabilitation et renforcement du réseau et transfert des eaux usées : travaux achevés. - Assainissement de la ville de Bouarada : * Station d’épuration : travaux achevés en 2016. * Réhabilitation et renforcement du réseau et transfert des eaux usées : les travaux sont achevés. - Assainissement de la ville de Meknassy * Station d’épuration : travaux achevés en 2016. * Réhabilitation et renforcement du réseau et transfert des eaux usées : travaux achevés. • Makther: * Station d’épuration : travaux achevés en 2018. * Travaux complémentaires des réseaux d’assainissement : travaux en cours 85% • Jerissa: * Station d’épuration : travaux achevés et réceptionnés le 12/09/2014 ; * Réseaux d’assainissement : travaux achevés (Réception provisoire le 25/09/2017). • Mornaguia : * Station d’épuration : travaux achevés. * Réhabilitation et renforcement du réseau et transfert des eaux usées : travaux achevés Composantes du Reliquat : * Assainissement de la ville de Borj elamri : • Tranche 1 : marché résilié, un nouvel appel d’offres a été lancé, travaux en cours de démarrage. 1 • Tranche2 : les travaux de pose de conduites sont achevés, reste le génie civil de la SP Taoufik et quelques boites de branchement (problème foncier). * Acquisition de 4 centrifugeuses : Fourniture livrée et réceptionnée en date du 19/10/2018 ; * Matériel d’exploitation: Matériel livré et réceptionné ; * Renforcement et réhabilitation du réseau dans la ville de Meknassy : travaux achevés et réceptionnés le 11/02/2019.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2020 Contract Pipeline
    OFFICIAL USE No Country DTM Project title and Portfolio Contract title Type of contract Procurement method Year Number 1 2021 Albania 48466 Albanian Railways SupervisionRehabilitation Contract of Tirana-Durres for Rehabilitation line and ofconstruction the Durres of- Tirana a new Railwaylink to TIA Line and construction of a New Railway Line to Tirana International Works Open 2 Albania 48466 Albanian Railways Airport Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 3 Albania 48466 Albanian Railways Asset Management Plan and Track Access Charges Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 4 Albania 49351 Albania Infrastructure and tourism enabling Albania: Tourism-led Model For Local Economic Development Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 5 Albania 49351 Albania Infrastructure and tourism enabling Infrastructure and Tourism Enabling Programme: Gender and Economic Inclusion Programme Manager Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 6 Albania 50123 Regional and Local Roads Connectivity Rehabilitation of Vlore - Orikum Road (10.6 km) Works Open 2022 7 Albania 50123 Regional and Local Roads Connectivity Upgrade of Zgosth - Ura e Cerenecit road Section (47.1km) Works Open 2022 8 Albania 50123 Regional and Local Roads Connectivity Works supervision Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 9 Albania 50123 Regional and Local Roads Connectivity PIU support Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 10 Albania 51908 Kesh Floating PV Project Design, build and operation of the floating photovoltaic plant located on Vau i Dejës HPP Lake Works Open 2021 11 Albania 51908
    [Show full text]
  • I) Sewage Disposal, Lake Bizerte and (II) Sewage Disposal, 6 + 2 Locations in the Medjerda Valley (Phase II
    Tunisia: (I) Sewage disposal, Lake Bizerte and (II) Sewage disposal, 6 + 2 locations in the Medjerda valley (Phase II) Ex post evaluation report OECD sector 1402000 / Sewage disposal BMZ project ID I 199365644 – Sewage disposal (SD), Lake Bizerte II 199166075 – SD at 6 + 2 locations in the Medjerda valley (Ph. II) Project executing agency OFFICE NATIONAL DE L’ASSAINISSEMENT (ONAS) Consultant GKW/Pöyry Year of 2009 ex post evaluation report 2009 (2009 random sample) Project appraisal Ex post evaluation (planned) (actual) Start of implementation I Q3 1994 I Q2 1995 II Q3 1993 II Q3 1994 Period of implementation I 40 months I 133 months II 52 months II 116 months Investment costs I EUR 33.3 million I EUR 29.4 million II EUR 78.9 million II EUR 53.4 million Counterpart contribution I EUR 13.3 million I EUR 13.6 million II EUR 25.0 million II EUR 21.6 million Financing, of which Financial I FC/G: EUR 20.0 million I FC/G: EUR 15.8 million Cooperation (FC) funds II FC/L: EUR 37.9 million II FC/G: EUR 31.8 million Other institutions/donors involved I + II Project executing I + II Project executing agency agency Performance rating I: 3 II: 3 • Relevance I: 2 II: 2 • Effectiveness I: 3 II: 3 • Efficiency I: 3 II: 3 • Overarching developmental impact I: 2 II: 2 • Sustainability I: 3 II: 3 Brief description, overall objective and project objectives with indicators I: This project comprised the initial expansion of the sewage treatment plant (STP) west of Bizerte and the expansion and repair of the sewage collection systems in Bizerte, in Zarzouna (a suburb of Bizerte), and in the towns of Menzel Jemil and Menzel Abderrahman (in the Greater Bizerte area), the aim being to dispose of domestic sewage and commercial effluent in an environmentally sound manner (the project objective).
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Integrated rural development a case study of monastir governorate Tunisia Harrison, Ian C. How to cite: Harrison, Ian C. (1982) Integrated rural development a case study of monastir governorate Tunisia, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9340/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT A CASE STUDY OP MONASTIR GOVERNORATE TUNISIA IAN C. HARRISON The copyright of this thesis tests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without bis prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD, Department of Geography, University of Durham. March 1982. ABSTRACT The Tunisian government has adopted an integrated rural development programme to tackle the problems of the national rural sector. The thesis presents an examination of the viability and success of the programme with specific reference to the Governorate of Monastir.
    [Show full text]
  • National Case Study
    National Case Study TUNISIA Center of Arab Women for Training and Research, Tunis, Tunisia General Data Country TUNISIA Localizations (name) 1NCS Code of National Case NCS- TUNISIA -1 Keywords Informal sector; Young rappers; Young activists; Family; Education; Artistic expression; Religion Abstract Short description of the main points. Summarise related with clusters This paper aims to reflect on the situation of young people in the post-revolutionary context. At the time of its revolution, Tunisia was marked by social movements. The “awakening of civil society” in the post-revolutionary period would become a leitmotif for the young people who were better equipped to invest in the public space and become aware of their importance as a pressure group that is increasingly called upon to position itself and play a role in the efforts made in the transition to democracy. With the aim of approaching this issue, we have investigated the youth of three regions of Tunisia that represent the north, the southeast, and the southwest of the country: Cité Ibn Khaldoun, Gafsa and Djerba Island. We put together three groups of young people whose profiles would help us to understand the differential logics of young people positioning themselves in the public sphere in the post-revolutionary period. These three groups are: young activists, rappers and young people in the informal sector. National Case Study - TUNISIA Introduction This paper aims to reflect on the situation of young people in the post-revolutionary context. At the time of its revolution, Tunisia was marked by social movements. The “awakening of civil society” in the post-revolutionary period would become a leitmotif for the young people who were better equipped to invest in the public space and become aware of their importance as a pressure group that is increasingly called upon to position itself and play a role in the efforts made in the transition to democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Mauritania and in Lebanon by the American University Administration
    Arab Trade Union Confederation (ATUC) A special report on the most important trade union rights and freedoms violations recorded in the Arab region during the COVID-19 pandemic period October 2020 2 Introduction The epidemic in the Arab region has not been limited to the Corona pandemic, but there appeared another epidemic that has been more deadly to humans. It is the persecution of workers under the pretext of protection measurements against the spread of the virus. The International Trade Union Confederation of Global Rights Index indicated that the year 2020 is the worst in the past seven years in terms of blackmailing workers and violating their rights. The seventh edition of the ITUC Global Rights Index documents labour rights violations across 144 countries around the world, especially after the Corona pandemic, which has suspended many workers from their work during the current year. The Middle East and North Africa have been considered the worst regions in the world for workers for seven consecutive years due to the on-going insecurity and conflict in Palestine, Syria, Yemen and Libya. Such regions have also been the most regressive for workers’ representation and union rights. "In light of the emerging coronavirus (Covid-19), some countries have developed anti-worker measures and practices during the period of precautionary measures to confront the outbreak of the pandemic," said Sharan Burrow, The Secretary-General of the International Trade Union Confederation. Bangladesh, Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, Honduras, India, Kazakhstan, the Philippines, Turkey and Zimbabwe turned out to be the ten worst countries for working people in 2020 among other 144 countries that have been examined.
    [Show full text]
  • Data A4 Hydrological Data During Recent Major Floods
    Data A4 Hydrological Data during Recent Major Floods Table DA4-1 Comparison of Peak Discharges of Major Floods Bold : Seems to be more reliable values (Note : These indicate maximum peak discharge of a series of floods. Hence, time differences among stations in the table does not indicate propagation of one peak.) C. Area 1929 1929 1931 1936 1940 1947 1948 1952 1959 1969 Flood 1973 Mar.* 1988 2000 May 2003 Jan-Feb 2003 Dec - 2004 Jan 2005 Jan-Feb (Nominal) Feb Mar Dec Nov Jan Oct Nov. Jan. Mar Sep-Oct 27 Mar - 1 Apr 25 May - 29May 11 Jan - 7 Feb Dec 2003-Feb 2004 19 Jan - 28 Feb. km2 m3/s m3/s m3/s m3/s m3/s m3/s m3/s m3/s m3/s m3/s m3/s Time m3/s Time m3/s Time m3/s Time m3/s Time Source *7 *1, *10 *1, *10 *6 *1, *10 *6, *10 *6, *10 *6, *10 *6 *6, *10 *6, *9 *1,*10 *4 *4 *2, *4,*11 *2, *4 *4 *4 *4 *4 1,490 - - ------660-500 or 28/Mar, 01:00 - 737 26/May, 8:45 1,090 11/Jan., 12:30 1,470 1/Jan., 17:45 838 20 Jan., 16:00 Ghardimou 2370 Jendouba 2,414 488 - 488 342 1,400 - - - - - 2420 - - 327 27/May, 2:00 1,070 12/Jan., 3:00 1,020 13 Dec., 9:00 616 31 Dec., 9:00 16,483 1,300 1,760 2,060 1,420 1,780 1,700 851 424 1,140 1485 or 2900 or 28/Mar, 12:00 - 977 27/May, 11:30 1,020 12/Jan., 13:00 889 14 Dec., 5:00 529 1 Jan., 1:00 Bousalem 1670 3180 Sidi Salem 18,250 - 1,022 27/May, 23:00 1,065 27/Jan., 3:00 - - Sidi Salem Dam (inflow) Dam Sidi Salem Sidi Salem Dam did not exist 51.6 29/May 740 29/Jan., 15:00 303.8 5 Jan., 12:00 Dam (outflow) Slouguia 20,990 - - ------- -3,200 - - 44 29/May, 12:30 744 27/Jan., 4:00 407 14 Dec., 1:00 250 10 Feb.,
    [Show full text]
  • Pinus Halepensis Mill.) Stands in Northern Africa Be Oriented Towards Wood Or Seed and Cone Production? Diagnosis and Current Potentiality
    Review Article ii FF o o r r e e s s t t doi: 10.3832/ifor2965-012 Biogeosciences and Forestry vol. 12, pp. 297-305 Should the silviculture of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) stands in northern Africa be oriented towards wood or seed and cone production? Diagnosis and current potentiality Wahbi Jaouadi (1-2), The aim of this work is to review studies on the silviculture of Aleppo pine (Pi- Souheila Naghmouchi (3), nus halepensis Mill.) in North Africa and the Mediterranean basin over a period (4) of 50 years. The study presents a synthesis of: (i) silviculture; (ii) wood pro- Moodi Alsubeie ductivity and growth; (iii) cone and seed production; and (vi) the socio-eco- nomic role of Aleppo pine. The results show that the production of the Aleppo pine is enhanced by the potential of the site, which is closely related to the bioclimatic stage and soil fertility. For instance, production increased from 0.4 to 4 m3 ha-1 yr-1 in an Aleppo pine stand with a dominant height varying be- tween 9.7 and 22.8 m. Previous studies confirmed that the average maximum volume in annual growth of Aleppo pine is 3.3 m3 ha-1 yr-1 for 40-year old stands at good-fertility sites. The lowest values (<0.5 m3 ha-1 yr-1) were recorded for the fourth and last class of productivity in >100-year old stands. There is high demand for Aleppo pine seeds in North Africa, making their pro- duction profitable, and this represents an important sector for the sustainable development and improvement of living-standards of the local populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Spécialité Economie Rurale Et Développement
    REPUBLIQUE TUNISIENNE MINISTERE DE L’AGRICULTURE, MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT DES RESSOURCES HYDRAULIQUES ET SUPERIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE DE LA PECHE SCIENTIFIQUE INSTITUT NATIONAL AGRONOMIQUE DE TUNISIE Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Techniques de L’Agronomie et de l’Environnement THESE DE DOCTORAT EN SCIENCES AGRONOMIQUES Spécialité Economie Rurale et Développement Institutional arrangements and sustainability of the dairy value chain in Bizerte (Tunisia) Soutenue publiquement par Meriem MSADDAK 11 janvier 2020 à INAT Devant le jury composé de M. Nizar MOUJAHED, Professeur, INAT Président M. Lokman ZAIBET, Professeur, Université Sultan Qaboos Directeur de thèse M. Houcine BOUGHANMI, Maitre de conférences, Université Sultan Qaboos Rapporteur Mme Sonia BOUDICHE, Maitre de conférences, ESIAT Rapporteur M. Slim ZEKRI, Professeur, Université Sultan Qaboos Examinateur Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to those thanks to whom this thesis was able to be developed and who, for this purpose, have generously provided me with their support. First of all, I would like to thank my thesis director, Pr Lokman Zaibet, university professor, who trusted on me; gave me the opportunity to conduct the work of my choice under his supervision; patiently rectified my writings; always gave me the benefit of his experience. He teaches me how to think outside the box and always had the right words in mind to motivate me and inspire me to go ahead with my thinking. When you know the number of publications that are yours, you determine the opportunity that was mine. My study owes him a lot. In short, Pr Zaibet, is a person for whom I have a great deal of wonder, esteem and respect.
    [Show full text]
  • S.No Governorate Cities 1 L'ariana Ariana 2 L'ariana Ettadhamen-Mnihla 3 L'ariana Kalâat El-Andalous 4 L'ariana Raoued 5 L'aria
    S.No Governorate Cities 1 l'Ariana Ariana 2 l'Ariana Ettadhamen-Mnihla 3 l'Ariana Kalâat el-Andalous 4 l'Ariana Raoued 5 l'Ariana Sidi Thabet 6 l'Ariana La Soukra 7 Béja Béja 8 Béja El Maâgoula 9 Béja Goubellat 10 Béja Medjez el-Bab 11 Béja Nefza 12 Béja Téboursouk 13 Béja Testour 14 Béja Zahret Mediou 15 Ben Arous Ben Arous 16 Ben Arous Bou Mhel el-Bassatine 17 Ben Arous El Mourouj 18 Ben Arous Ezzahra 19 Ben Arous Hammam Chott 20 Ben Arous Hammam Lif 21 Ben Arous Khalidia 22 Ben Arous Mégrine 23 Ben Arous Mohamedia-Fouchana 24 Ben Arous Mornag 25 Ben Arous Radès 26 Bizerte Aousja 27 Bizerte Bizerte 28 Bizerte El Alia 29 Bizerte Ghar El Melh 30 Bizerte Mateur 31 Bizerte Menzel Bourguiba 32 Bizerte Menzel Jemil 33 Bizerte Menzel Abderrahmane 34 Bizerte Metline 35 Bizerte Raf Raf 36 Bizerte Ras Jebel 37 Bizerte Sejenane 38 Bizerte Tinja 39 Bizerte Saounin 40 Bizerte Cap Zebib 41 Bizerte Beni Ata 42 Gabès Chenini Nahal 43 Gabès El Hamma 44 Gabès Gabès 45 Gabès Ghannouch 46 Gabès Mareth www.downloadexcelfiles.com 47 Gabès Matmata 48 Gabès Métouia 49 Gabès Nouvelle Matmata 50 Gabès Oudhref 51 Gabès Zarat 52 Gafsa El Guettar 53 Gafsa El Ksar 54 Gafsa Gafsa 55 Gafsa Mdhila 56 Gafsa Métlaoui 57 Gafsa Moularès 58 Gafsa Redeyef 59 Gafsa Sened 60 Jendouba Aïn Draham 61 Jendouba Beni M'Tir 62 Jendouba Bou Salem 63 Jendouba Fernana 64 Jendouba Ghardimaou 65 Jendouba Jendouba 66 Jendouba Oued Melliz 67 Jendouba Tabarka 68 Kairouan Aïn Djeloula 69 Kairouan Alaâ 70 Kairouan Bou Hajla 71 Kairouan Chebika 72 Kairouan Echrarda 73 Kairouan Oueslatia 74 Kairouan
    [Show full text]
  • Leishmania Major in Tunisia by Microsatellite Analysis
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Spatio-temporal Genetic Structuring of Leishmania major in Tunisia by Microsatellite Analysis Myriam Harrabi1,2*, Jihène Bettaieb1, Wissem Ghawar1, Amine Toumi1, Amor Zaâtour1, Rihab Yazidi1, Sana Chaâbane1, Bilel Chalghaf1, Mallorie Hide3, Anne-Laure Bañuls3, Afif Ben Salah1 1 Institut Pasteur, Tunis, Tunisia, 2 Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte-Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia, 3 UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS5290-Universités Montpellier 1 et 2), Centre IRD, Montpellier, France * [email protected] Abstract In Tunisia, cases of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major are increasing and spreading from the south-west to new areas in the center. To improve the current knowledge on L. major evolution and population dynamics, we performed multi- locus microsatellite typing of human isolates from Tunisian governorates where the disease is endemic (Gafsa, Kairouan and Sidi Bouzid governorates) and collected during two peri- OPEN ACCESS ods: 1991–1992 and 2008–2012. Analysis (F-statistics and Bayesian model-based approach) of the genotyping results of isolates collected in Sidi Bouzid in 1991–1992 and Citation: Harrabi M, Bettaieb J, Ghawar W, Toumi A, – Zaâtour A, Yazidi R, et al. (2015) Spatio-temporal 2008 2012 shows that, over two decades, in the same area, Leishmania parasites evolved Genetic Structuring of Leishmania major in Tunisia by by generating genetically differentiated populations. The genetic patterns of 2008–2012 iso- Microsatellite Analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(8): lates from the three governorates indicate that L. major populations did not spread gradually e0004017. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004017 from the south to the center of Tunisia, according to a geographical gradient, suggesting Editor: Gabriele Schönian, Charité University that human activities might be the source of the disease expansion.
    [Show full text]