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International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch + Gornergrat Activity Report 2003 International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch + Gornergrat Sidlerstrasse 5 CH-3012 Bern / Switzerland Telephone +41 (0)31 631 4052 Fax +41 (0)31 631 4405 URL: http://www.ifjungo.ch February 2004 International Foundation HFSJG Annual Report 2003 Table of contents Message of the President...................................................................................................... i Report of the Director .......................................................................................................... iii High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch Statistics on research days 2003 ............................................................................... 1 Long-term experiments and automatic measurements .......................................... 3 Activity reports: High resolution, solar infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometry, Application to the study of the Earth atmosphere (Institute of Astrophyiscs and Geophysics, Université de Liège, Belgium) .............................. 5 Study of the atmospheric aerosols, water vapor and temperature by LIDAR (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Switzerland) ................................................................................................ 9 Global Atmosphere Watch Radiation Measurements (MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland)............................................................................................. 15 Long-term energy yield and reliability of a high alpine PV photovoltaic plant at 3453 m (Berner Fachhochschule, Hochschule für Technik und Informatik HTI, Switzerland) .......................................................................... 19 Monitoring of halogenated greenhouse gases (EMPA, Switzerland)..................... 27 National Air Pollution Monitoring Network, NABEL, (EMPA, Switzerland) ...... 31 The Global Atmosphere Watch Aerosol Program at the Jungfraujoch (Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland) ....... 35 Solar UV irradiance (Institut für Medizinische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Austria) .............................................................................. 43 Automated GPS Network in Switzerland AGNES, (Bundesamt für Landestopographie, Switzerland)...................................................................... 47 AEROCARB: Airborne European Regional Observations of the Carbon Balance (Climate and Environmental Physics, Universität Bern, Switzerland) ............................................................................... 53 14 Long-term observations of CO2 at Jungfraujoch (Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany) ................................................ 57 Rock-face temperature monitoring (Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Switzerland)......................................................................... 59 Permafrost temperature monitoring in alpine rock walls, (Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland) ...................................................... 61 Solar and atmospheric radiation measurements (Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, World Radiation Center, Switzerland) ................................................................... 65 Operation of a 70 cm amateur beacon transmitter, operation of a 23 cm voice repeater station, study of high frequency propagation conditions (Relaisgemeinschaft HB9F Bern, Switzerland)...................................................... 69 Free Tropospheric Experiment 2003, FREETEX 03, (Department of Chemistry, University of York, School of Environment / Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, UK)..................... 71 Atmospheric physics and chemistry, (Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy BIRA-IASB, Belgium) ......................................................................... 77 International Foundation HFSJG Annual Report 2003 Continuous aerosol radioactivity monitoring (Bundesamt für Gesundheit, Switzerland)........................................................................................ 81 85Kr activity determination in tropospheric air (Climate and Environmental Physics, Universität Bern, Switzerland) ........................................ 85 VITA Varves, Ice cores, and Tree rings – Archives with annual resolution (Labor für Radio- und Umwelt Chemie der Universität Bern und des Paul Scherrer Instituts, Switzerland) ................................................ 87 Sunphotometry at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute KNMI, De Bilt, and Kipp & Zonen B.V., Delft, The Netherlands).................................................. 91 Comparison of 2H, 3H and 18O in precipitation taken at the Sphinx station and in shallow ice cores taken at the Jungfraufirn, (Climate and Environmental Physics and Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universität Bern, Switzerland) ................................................. 97 MATRAG – Modelling of Alpine Tropospheric Delay by Radiometers and GPS, (Institute of Geodesy, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Germany)....................................................................... 99 Swiss Alpine Airborne SAR-Experiment SASARE, (Remote Sensing Laboratories RSL, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland)......................................................................... 103 Neutron Monitors – Study of solar and galactic cosmic rays (Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, Switzerland) ........................................ 109 Cosmic ray induced failures in biased high power semiconductor devices (ABB Switzerland Ltd., Semiconductors, Switzerland) ............................ 113 Comparison of lung volumes and impulse oscillometric lung function before and after short term high altitude exposure (Pneumologie, Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt, University of Munich, Germany) ....................... 115 The unusual weather conditions in 2003 (MeteoSchweiz Zürich, Switzerland) ..................................................................... 117 High Altitude Research Station Gornergrat Statistics on research days 2003 ............................................................................... 121 Activity reports: KOSMA - Kölner Observatorium für Submm-Astronomie (I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln; Radioastronomisches Institut, Universität Bonn Germany) ................................... 123 Solar Sub-Millimeter Flare Observations with KOSMA (Institute of Applied Physics, Universität Bern, Switzerland)................................ 127 Italian national infrared telescope TIRGO (CNR, Istituto di Radioastronomia, sezione di Firenze, Italy) ........................................................... 131 SONTEL - Solar Neutron Telescope for the identification and the study of high-energy neutrons produced in energetic eruptions at the Sun (Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, Switzerland) ....................... 133 Research areas at the various European high mountain observatories ................... 139 Borovetz Memorandum of Understanding ..................................................................... 141 The International Foundation HFSJG in the news ....................................................... 145 Publications............................................................................................................................. 147 Index of research groups / institutes ................................................................................. 159 Index of projects .................................................................................................................... 161 Acknowledgements................................................................................................................ 165 International Foundation HFSJG Activity Report 2003 Message of the President The Activity Report of the International Foundation HFSJG is the report on another truly active year. A large number of scientists have collected meteorological, environmental, and astronomical data during a total of 1622 person-days and/or nights at the Research Stations on Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat. In addition a vast amount of data has been collected by automatic monitoring. This accumulated wealth of information has been laid down in 132 publications and six dissertations. Jungfraujoch is a key station for 13 national and international environmental network programs. The Foundation has co-sponsored an exceptionally well-attended international conference on “The Dense Interstellar Medium in Galaxies” in Zermatt. The Research Stations have attracted a large number of scientific and otherwise motivated visitors from all over Europe and beyond. Thus the Foundation has continued, and if anything, expanded its role as a virtual research institute. The bulk of the present Activity Report consists of the research results of 32 research groups. The Foundation is indebted to them for their excellent and punctual manuscripts. They make fascinating reading indeed. Very special thanks are due to the Director of the Research Stations, Professor Erwin Flückiger. His report on the following pages gives an idea of his countless and untiring activities towards successful operation of the stations. Without his deep involvement in all aspects the Foundation
Recommended publications
  • A Hydrographic Approach to the Alps

    A Hydrographic Approach to the Alps

    • • 330 A HYDROGRAPHIC APPROACH TO THE ALPS A HYDROGRAPHIC APPROACH TO THE ALPS • • • PART III BY E. CODDINGTON SUB-SYSTEMS OF (ADRIATIC .W. NORTH SEA] BASIC SYSTEM ' • HIS is the only Basic System whose watershed does not penetrate beyond the Alps, so it is immaterial whether it be traced·from W. to E. as [Adriatic .w. North Sea], or from E. toW. as [North Sea . w. Adriatic]. The Basic Watershed, which also answers to the title [Po ~ w. Rhine], is short arid for purposes of practical convenience scarcely requires subdivision, but the distinction between the Aar basin (actually Reuss, and Limmat) and that of the Rhine itself, is of too great significance to be overlooked, to say nothing of the magnitude and importance of the Major Branch System involved. This gives two Basic Sections of very unequal dimensions, but the ., Alps being of natural origin cannot be expected to fall into more or less equal com­ partments. Two rather less unbalanced sections could be obtained by differentiating Ticino.- and Adda-drainage on the Po-side, but this would exhibit both hydrographic and Alpine inferiority. (1) BASIC SECTION SYSTEM (Po .W. AAR]. This System happens to be synonymous with (Po .w. Reuss] and with [Ticino .w. Reuss]. · The Watershed From .Wyttenwasserstock (E) the Basic Watershed runs generally E.N.E. to the Hiihnerstock, Passo Cavanna, Pizzo Luceridro, St. Gotthard Pass, and Pizzo Centrale; thence S.E. to the Giubing and Unteralp Pass, and finally E.N.E., to end in the otherwise not very notable Piz Alv .1 Offshoot in the Po ( Ticino) basin A spur runs W.S.W.
  • Oeschinensee Ob Kandersteg – Lake Oeschinen Above Kandersteg

    Oeschinensee Ob Kandersteg – Lake Oeschinen Above Kandersteg

    Switzerland – Tagesausflüge / One-day excursions (Teil 2) (With my best thanks to english translation assistant Coach R. Wyss) Oeschinensee ob Kandersteg – Lake Oeschinen above Kandersteg Bild mitte: Blümlisalp mit Niesen – Bild rechts Blümlisalp (3661 m) Blümlisalp von Mülenen. Unser Ausflugsziel befindet sich auf der Rückseite der Blümlisalp – Blümlisalp from Mülenen. Our destination for today is located direct behind the Blümlisalp. Bild links: Frutigen – Bild mitte und rechts: Blick Richtung Kandersteg Balmhorn/Altes (3698 m) Talstation Kandersteg (1176 m) – Doldenhorn (3638 m) – Bergstation (1682 m) Bild mitte: Fisistöck (2946 m) – Bild rechts: Bire (2502 m) Direkt neben der Bergstation befindet sich die 750 m lange Rodelbahn – Rigth next to the top station is the 750 m long toboggan run Bild mitte: Fründenhorn (3369 m) – Bild rechts: Ostwand Doldenhorn Der Spaziergang von der Bergstation zum Oeschinensee beträgt 25 Minuten – The walk from the upper cable way station to Lake Oeschinen takes about 25 minutes Vom Oeschinensee gibt es zahlreiche Bergwanderungen zu unternehmen. Auf dem Bild links (roter Pfeil) zur SAC-Fründenhütte (2562 m) und Bild rechts (schwarzer Pfeil) zur SAC-Blümli- salphütte (2840 m) – If you like mountain hikes and if you are in good physical condition, you can walk to Fründenhütte (2562 m) – 2½ h way up (red arrow) or to Blümlisalphütte (2840 m) - 4 h way up ( black arrow) Mittagessen – Lunch time Eggishorn: Der Grosse Aletschgletscher – The Great Aletsch Glacier Lageplan – Location map Der Aletschgletscher (117,6 Km2) mit einer Länge von 23 Kilometer der längste Gletscher der Alpen. Es gibt verschiedenen Aussichtspunkte um diesen zu sehen: Riederalp, Bettmeralp und Eggishorn, wo wir heute hingehen.

  • The Almers and Their Führerbücher

    ,, ,, THE ALMERS AND THEIR FUHRERBUCHER 2 57 • • • • THE ALMERS AND THEIR FUHRERBUCHER BY G. HASLER CHRISTIAN ALMER I, I826-I8g8. His sons: ULRICH, b. 1849; CHRISTIAN II, b. 1859; H ANS, b. r86r ; R u DOLF, b. r864; PETER, b. r86g; • T has been my good fortune to have all seven Fiihrerbucher of the Almer family in my hands. It seemed to me that, though the story of the Almers may not be so interesting to a generation which had had hardly any .contact with them, yet there lay in front of me a unique piece of AI pine history which deserved to be collected together as a reminder of past times. There can be few left who remember old Christian himself, nor can there be many who have travelled with his sons, but the amount of foot-pounds these six men who amongst them total up 46 5 years to date have put into the exploration of the Alps and the additions they have helped t o make to Alpine history and topography, are stupendous. When Christian Almer was born on March 29, r8z6, except for what were then considered the extraordinary performances of the Meyers and very few others, nothing had been done. When Christian ';vas eighteen the height of a mountain-lover's ambition, always ex­ cepting chamois hunters, did not extend t o much more than the crossing of the Strahlegg and Tschingel Passes, a visit to the glaciers, and as a high-water mark a rare ascent of ·Mont Blanc with a train of guides and porters and provisions beyond all reckoning.
  • THE EIGERJOCH • 55 Was Much the Same As from Kaldi Two Days Before, Except That Kaldi • Herself Unfolded the Curtainlike Drapery of Her Impressive Western Wall

    THE EIGERJOCH • 55 Was Much the Same As from Kaldi Two Days Before, Except That Kaldi • Herself Unfolded the Curtainlike Drapery of Her Impressive Western Wall

    THE EIGERJOCH • 55 was much the same as from Kaldi two days before, except that Kaldi • herself unfolded the_ curtainlike drapery of her impressive western wall. A cool wind tempered the summit heat and by noon we were ready .to start down by the W. face which had been ascended by Hurst, Hodgkin and myself last year. This proved much easier than we had expected, and from its foot long streaks of snow bore us as ·on winged feet swiftly and smoothly down to the alps which ring the- southern edge of the Ala Dag. A little stumbling over some limestone country brought us to a good track leading past the reed-covered and un­ attractive Koca Gol (lake). Hopes of a .bathe were. disappointed only to be raised again as, on turning a bend in the path, we saw a crystal spring dashing and foaming down the hillside. A pleasant hour and a half vanished in drinking and bathing,. to be followed by a delightful walk down the gorge, through fir trees and beside the brawling brook, an unusual feature in the otherwise rather arid Ala Dag. The gorge ended clos.e to Cevizlik where we found our horses and packs waiting for us on our island camp, but it was not long before our 'patients,' this time including. syphilitics and paralytics, were clamouring for attention. Our treatment brought _some welcome gifts of fresh fruit, and even fish from the river. On July 16 we retraced our steps along the well known valley of the Giirgiin Su and could hardly restrain the eagerness of Ali and Feyzi to regain their homes.
  • Top of Europe

    Top of Europe

    Jungfraujoch – Top of Europe Text: Werner Catrina 149 Touristischer Höhepunkt auf 3454 Metern über Meer A touristic highlight at 3454 metres above sea level Für Gäste aus Asien ist ließen die mit der Wengernalpbahn ankommenden train go and enjoy a cup of green tea in the rustic Die Bernhardiner auf Schneegestöber im Ge- Japaner einen Zug aus und genossen im rustikalen restaurant. «To acclimatize ourselves,» says Hata der Kleinen Scheidegg birge eine Attraktion, Restaurant einen Grüntee. «Um uns zu akklimati- with a smile. ertragen den Rummel die man enthusiastisch sieren», lächelt Hata. It’s no coincidence that year after year, around mit stoischer Gelassen- mit der Kamera festhält. heit. Mit dem legendären Es ist kein Zufall, dass im Jahr gegen 100000 100000 Japanese guests travel up to the Jungfrau- Touristen aus Europa be- Fässchen am Hals retten vorzugen blauen Himmel Japaner auf das Jungfraujoch reisen, denn Touris- joch. Tourists from Japan were the first Asians to sie heute keine verirrten und Sonnenschein. ten aus Japan waren die ersten Asiaten, die in travel up to Europe’s highest-altitude railway sta- Berggänger mehr wie zu größerer Zahl zum höchstgelegenen Bahnhof Eu- tion in large numbers. Jungfrau Railways began den Zeiten, als die Mönche Vorangehende Doppel- ropas fuhren. Schon in den Achtzigerjahren, früher staging successful advertising campaigns in Nip- die Hunde auf dem Großen seite: «Top of Europe»: St. Bernhard Pass im eine wuchtige Land- als die andern Schweizer Tourismusunternehmen, pon as early as the 1980s, well before the other tou- Wallis züchteten. schaft aus Eis, Felsen rührten die Jungfraubahnen in Nippon erfolgreich rism organizations.
  • A Tentative Theory of Ogive Formation

    A Tentative Theory of Ogive Formation

    A TENTATIVE THEORY OF OGIVE FORMATION By C. A. M. KING (Department of Geography, Nottingham University) and W. V. LEWIS (Department of Geography, Cambridge University) ABSTRACT.The dark and light bands on glaciers known as ogives are only found beneath ice falls and avalanche fans. They are not to be confused with sedimentary layering, which may appear similar. Vareschi's pollen studies are considered in relation to the present theory; his evidence is re-interpreted and shown to support the theory put forward. The Norwegian glacier Austerdalsbreen has a fine double set of ogives, one set on ice from Odinsbreen and the other on ice from Thorsbreen. These ogives are continuous from near the feet of these ice falls down to the end of the main glacier. The ice from the collecting ground of Jostedalsbreen which moves slowly towards the head of these ice falls is normally stratified as seen in the deep crevasses immediately above the ice falls. The high velocity of flow, 2,000 m. per year in the upper part of Odinsbre ice fall, causes the ice to stretch into a thin and heavily crevassed layer which exposes a very high proportion of surface per unit volume to the sun, the rain and the snow. In summer this leads to: (I) crystal changes, primarily of enlarge- ment, (2) an infusion of dirt which blows on to the glacier from the neighbouring snow-free and vegetation- free land surfaces, and (3) water filling the bottom of some of the deeper crevasses, which may later freeze. On the other hand, the ice which passes down the ice falls in winter is largely protected by a mantle of snow; crystal changes then are slow, little dust collects, and less water pours into the crevasses which, instead, are filled with new snow.