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A Hydrographic Approach to the Alps
• • 330 A HYDROGRAPHIC APPROACH TO THE ALPS A HYDROGRAPHIC APPROACH TO THE ALPS • • • PART III BY E. CODDINGTON SUB-SYSTEMS OF (ADRIATIC .W. NORTH SEA] BASIC SYSTEM ' • HIS is the only Basic System whose watershed does not penetrate beyond the Alps, so it is immaterial whether it be traced·from W. to E. as [Adriatic .w. North Sea], or from E. toW. as [North Sea . w. Adriatic]. The Basic Watershed, which also answers to the title [Po ~ w. Rhine], is short arid for purposes of practical convenience scarcely requires subdivision, but the distinction between the Aar basin (actually Reuss, and Limmat) and that of the Rhine itself, is of too great significance to be overlooked, to say nothing of the magnitude and importance of the Major Branch System involved. This gives two Basic Sections of very unequal dimensions, but the ., Alps being of natural origin cannot be expected to fall into more or less equal com partments. Two rather less unbalanced sections could be obtained by differentiating Ticino.- and Adda-drainage on the Po-side, but this would exhibit both hydrographic and Alpine inferiority. (1) BASIC SECTION SYSTEM (Po .W. AAR]. This System happens to be synonymous with (Po .w. Reuss] and with [Ticino .w. Reuss]. · The Watershed From .Wyttenwasserstock (E) the Basic Watershed runs generally E.N.E. to the Hiihnerstock, Passo Cavanna, Pizzo Luceridro, St. Gotthard Pass, and Pizzo Centrale; thence S.E. to the Giubing and Unteralp Pass, and finally E.N.E., to end in the otherwise not very notable Piz Alv .1 Offshoot in the Po ( Ticino) basin A spur runs W.S.W. -
Oeschinensee Ob Kandersteg – Lake Oeschinen Above Kandersteg
Switzerland – Tagesausflüge / One-day excursions (Teil 2) (With my best thanks to english translation assistant Coach R. Wyss) Oeschinensee ob Kandersteg – Lake Oeschinen above Kandersteg Bild mitte: Blümlisalp mit Niesen – Bild rechts Blümlisalp (3661 m) Blümlisalp von Mülenen. Unser Ausflugsziel befindet sich auf der Rückseite der Blümlisalp – Blümlisalp from Mülenen. Our destination for today is located direct behind the Blümlisalp. Bild links: Frutigen – Bild mitte und rechts: Blick Richtung Kandersteg Balmhorn/Altes (3698 m) Talstation Kandersteg (1176 m) – Doldenhorn (3638 m) – Bergstation (1682 m) Bild mitte: Fisistöck (2946 m) – Bild rechts: Bire (2502 m) Direkt neben der Bergstation befindet sich die 750 m lange Rodelbahn – Rigth next to the top station is the 750 m long toboggan run Bild mitte: Fründenhorn (3369 m) – Bild rechts: Ostwand Doldenhorn Der Spaziergang von der Bergstation zum Oeschinensee beträgt 25 Minuten – The walk from the upper cable way station to Lake Oeschinen takes about 25 minutes Vom Oeschinensee gibt es zahlreiche Bergwanderungen zu unternehmen. Auf dem Bild links (roter Pfeil) zur SAC-Fründenhütte (2562 m) und Bild rechts (schwarzer Pfeil) zur SAC-Blümli- salphütte (2840 m) – If you like mountain hikes and if you are in good physical condition, you can walk to Fründenhütte (2562 m) – 2½ h way up (red arrow) or to Blümlisalphütte (2840 m) - 4 h way up ( black arrow) Mittagessen – Lunch time Eggishorn: Der Grosse Aletschgletscher – The Great Aletsch Glacier Lageplan – Location map Der Aletschgletscher (117,6 Km2) mit einer Länge von 23 Kilometer der längste Gletscher der Alpen. Es gibt verschiedenen Aussichtspunkte um diesen zu sehen: Riederalp, Bettmeralp und Eggishorn, wo wir heute hingehen. -
November 2020 Edition
Volume – 27 Number – 3 September to November 2020 Edition The Bernese Alps, also called the Bernese Oberland (German for Highlands) is one of the highest mountain ranges in Europe and can be found in south-western Switzerland. When Switzerland became a country in 1848 it was decided there would be no official capital city in order to provide equal importance to every territory in the country. There are 26 cantons (territories) of Switzerland which are member states of the Swiss Confederation. The not well recognised “federal city” of Switzerland, is Bern. The country has four national language regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. The Bernese Alps is the border between the canton of Bern, to the north and the canton of Valais, to the south. The people in both cantons speak predominantly French and German. The Eiger, although not the highest peak, is the most northerly mountain in the range and is famous for its’ north face. In this Callboard we will explore the history and development of the highest railway in Europe. The Jungfrau. Background Image: Wikipedia - The red arrow point provides an indicative position of Eigerwand railway station’s lookout windows in Eiger’s north face, at 46° 34’ 52” N, 08° 00’ 13” E, 2,865 metres. 1 OFFICE BEARERS President: Daniel Cronin Secretary: David Patrick Treasurer: Geoff Crow Membership Officer: David Patrick Electrical Engineer: Phil Green Way & Works Engineer: Ben Smith Mechanical Engineer: Geoff Crow Development Engineer: Peter Riggall Club Rooms: Old Parcels Office Auburn Railway Station Victoria Road Auburn Telephone: 0419 414 309 Friday evenings Web Address: www.mmrs.org.au Web Master: Mark Johnson Callboard Production: John Ford Meetings: Friday evenings at 7:30 pm Committee Meetings 2nd Tuesday of the month (Refer to our website for our calendar of events) All meeting dates are subject to the current Victorian Government Coronavirus restrictions. -
Comparison of Two High Alpine CO2 Records from the Jungfraujoch Area
16th Swiss Geoscience Meeting, Bern 2018 Comparison of two high alpine CO2 records from the Jungfraujoch area Stéphane Affolter*, Michael Schibig**,***, Tesfaye Berhanu**,*** and Markus Leuenberger **,***,* *International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat, Bern, Switzerland ([email protected]) **Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland ***Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Switzerland The Sphinx observatory, part of the High Altitude Research Station located at the Jungfraujoch (Swiss Alps, 3570 m a.s.l.), has been hosting for decades several experiments of various research institutes worldwide and constitutes a key location for atmospheric measurements in Europe. Main features of the site are the remote setting and its exposure to pristine air masses with only sporadic pollution events originating from the lowlands. Since December 2014, we have an additional location available for research at the Jungfrau East Ridge (3690 m a.s.l.) around 1 km westward from the Sphinx observatory. It offers an alternative to the Sphinx location where space availability is limited. This new location is not accessible for tourists and thus well suited to compare air quality measurements to those recorded at the Sphinx observatory. A Picarro L2120-i laser based instrument has been installed in the East Ridge building which is continuously measuring the CO2 mole fraction in the atmosphere that can be compared with the Sphinx data (i) to evaluate the suitability of the new site and (ii) to investigate the potential pollution inherent to anthropogenic activities at the Jungfraujoch. The two years long comparison of CO2 records show a good agreement between both sites but exhibits annually averaged daily differences of less than 1 ppm whereas the corresponding nighttime values are within the measurement precision. -
Bernese Oberland Traverse – from Meiringen to Kandersteg Detailed Itinerary, 10‐Day Trip: (B=Breakfast, L=Lunch, D=Dinner, LG=Luggage)
Bernese Oberland Traverse – From Meiringen to Kandersteg Detailed itinerary, 10‐day trip: (B=Breakfast, L=Lunch, D=Dinner, LG=Luggage) DAY 01: ARRIVAL DAY: MEIRINGEN Meet in Meiringen, trip briefing and Welcome Dinner. For details on how to get there, please visit our Alps Travel & Resource Page. Accommodation: Hotel***, double room (D, LG) DAY 02: MEIRINGEN – MAEGISALP – MEIRINGEN An early morning stroll through town, made‐famous by the fictitious death of Sherlock Holmes, Sir Conan Doyle's ingenious detective. A gentle walk up hill takes us to the cable car, bringing us to the Maegisalp, and the high pastures above Meiringen, which offes one of the most spectacular panoramic views in the Bernese Oberland. Accommodation: Hotel***, double room (B, D, LG) DAY 03: MEIRINGEN ‐ ROSENLAUI Setting off through town, we cross the Aare river, heading due south, climbing through meadows and small hamlets past the Reichenball Falls, where Sherlock Holmes staged his own death, presumably falling from the top platform. Following the Reichenbach river, our trail takes us through forested sections above the gorge to the Rosenlaui hotel. First accepting guests nearly 240 years ago, this is a classic Swiss hotel, not to be missed. Accommodation: Mountain Inn, double room (B, D, LG) DAY 04: ROSENLAUI ‐ GRINDELWALD Soaring above the Rosenlaui hotel are the cliffs of the Wellhorn and the Wetterhorn. Our trail takes us through meadows and fields of wildflowers, before reaching the obvious pass at the Grosse Scheidegg, with spectacular views out to the Eiger North Face. From Grosse Scheidegg, we descend steeply, criss‐crossing the hairpins of the road, making our way to the Grindelwald valley and our hotel, located just above town. -
An Automatic Boundary Layer Algorithm. Development
1 PathfinderTURB: an automatic boundary layer algorithm. 2 Development, validation and application to study the impact 3 on in-situ measurements at the Jungfraujoch. 4 Yann Poltera1,3, Giovanni Martucci1, Martine Collaud Coen1, Maxime Hervo1, Lukas 5 Emmenegger2, Stephan Henne2, Dominik Brunner2 and Alexander Haefele1 6 1 Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland 7 2 Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland 8 3 Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 9 Abstract. We present the development of the PathfinderTURB algorithm for the analysis of ceilometer 10 backscatter data and the real-time detection of the vertical structure of the planetary boundary layer. Two aerosol 11 layer heights are retrieved by PathfinderTURB: the Convective Boundary Layer (CBL) and the Continuous 12 Aerosol Layer (CAL). PathfinderTURB combines the strengths of gradient- and variance-based methods and 13 addresses the layer attribution problem by adopting a geodesic approach. The algorithm has been applied to one 14 year of data measured by two ceilometers of type CHM15k, one operated at the Aerological Observatory of 15 Payerne (491 m, a.s.l.) on the Swiss plateau, and one at the Kleine Scheidegg (2061 m, a.s.l.) in the Swiss Alps. 16 The retrieval of the CBL has been validated at Payerne using two reference methods: (1) manual detections of 17 the CBL height performed by human experts using the ceilometer backscatter data; (2) values of CBL heights 18 calculated using the Richardson’s method from co-located radio sounding data. We found average biases as 19 small as 27 m (53 m) with respect to reference method 1 (method 2). -
High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch (3450 Masl) Saturday 26 August 2017, 08.00 – 18.00 H
ExSat2: High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch (3450 masl) Saturday 26 August 2017, 08.00 – 18.00 h. Guide: Prof. Dr. Markus Leuenberger, University of Bern The excursion starts with a spectacular train ride through a world of tunnels, glaciers and high mountains, and brings us up to the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch and the Sphinx Observatory at 3450 masl http://www.hfsjg.ch/. A tour through the research laboratories will feature measuring systems to observe the atmosphere (CO2, O2 and about 100 other gases, clouds and aerosols etc.), to monitor air quality, sources of pollutants and climate change, and to investigate snow and ice. Time will allow for a walk through the touristic attraction ‘Alpine Sensation’. Itinerary Departure: Railway Station Interlaken East, dep. 08.05 h to Grindelwald, arrival Jungfraujoch 10.05 h. Return: Departure Jungfraujoch 15.43 h, arrival Railway Station Interlaken East 17.54 h. Hiking equipment Jungfraujoch is at a very high elevation (3500 masl). Bring warm clothes, good shoes, sunglasses, sun protection and water. Please read carefully the instructions “Health at High Elevations” and “Sensitive measurements” on the following pages! Food and drinks Lunch: self-service restaurant at Jungfraujoch (not included in the price for the excursion). Maximum number of participants 90; minimum 40 Costs The registration fee covers the train ride from Interlaken East to Jungfraujoch and back. Price: 105 CHF (this is a reduced price; the excursion is supported by the Jungfrau Railways and the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch). This price does not include lunch at Jungfraujoch (self-service restaurant). Disclaimer Health insurance and insurance against accidents is fully within the responsibility of the participants. -
Exwed2: High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch (3450 Masl) Wednesday 23 August 2017, 13.00 – 20.00 H Guide: Prof
ExWed2: High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch (3450 masl) Wednesday 23 August 2017, 13.00 – 20.00 h Guide: Prof. Dr. Markus Leuenberger, University of Bern The excursion starts with a spectacular train ride through a world of tunnels, glaciers and high mountains, and brings us up to the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch and the Sphinx Observatory at 3450 masl http://www.hfsjg.ch/. A tour through the research laboratories will feature measuring systems to observe the atmosphere (CO2, O2 and about 100 other gases, clouds and aerosols etc.), to monitor air quality, sources of pollutants and climate change, and to investigate snow and ice. Time will allow for a walk through the touristic attraction ‘Alpine Sensation’. Itinerary Departure: Railway Station Interlaken East, dep. 13.05 to Grindelwald. Jungfraujoch arr. 15.05 h. Return: Departure Jungfraujoch 17.43 h, arrival Railway Station Interlaken East 19.54 h. Hiking equipment Jungfraujoch is at very high elevation (3500 masl). Bring warm clothes, good shoes, sunglasses and sun protection, as well as a small backpack for the lunch bag. Please read carefully the instructions “Health at High Elevations” and “Sensitive measurements” on the following pages! Food and drinks A lunch bag will be provided (sandwich, fruit, chocolate and water). There is also a restaurant for snacks and beverages at Jungfraujoch (not included). Maximum number of Participants 40; minimum 20. Costs The registration fee covers the train ride to and from Jungfraujoch (at reduced price). A lunch bag and teaching material. The excursion is supported by the Jungfrau Railways and the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch. -
Message of the President
International Foundation HFSJG Activity Report 2011 Message of the President The Foundation HFSJG has the great privilege to serve the scientific community with two high alpine research infrastructures which are absolutely unique. Maintaining and even extending this privileged and leading position in a world and an environment that are continuously changing, is a tremendous duty. “Dedicated to Excellence in a Changing World” must therefore be the guiding theme for all institutions and individuals that are engaged within the Foundation HFSJG in one way or the other. After the second year of my presidency I am extremely happy and grateful to see that the members and friends of our foundation, the management as well as the numerous research teams through their high-class scientific activity are incessantly working to ensure that the foundation is able to continue to pursue its goals. In this sense, three main topics were addressed during the period covered by this report: - First, major steps forward could be made towards the realization of the new project “Stellarium Gornergrat”, which fills the gap in astronomical activity at Gornergrat after the closing down of the Italian TIRGO and the German KOSMA research. Of particular interest is the fact that the new project will fulfill in an exemplary manner the needs and wishes of all the main partners involved, i.e. the University of Bern, the University of Geneva, the Burgergemeinde Zermatt, and the Foundation HFSJG. I gratefully acknowledge the commitment shown in this endeavour by our honorary president, Professor Hans Balsiger, by Professor Willy Benz, Director of the Physikalisches Institut of the University of Bern, Professor Didier Queloz of the Observatoire de Genève, as well as by the President of the Burgergemeinde Zermatt, Mr. -
F6 Jungfraujoch Jungfraujoch Vineri 7 August 2009
F6 Jungfraujoch Vineri 7 August 2009 “Top of Europe” a trip to Europe's highest train station Especially in summer, it is a unique experience to be in the middle of the world of perpetual snow and glaciers. A visit to the Jungfraujoch, part of the UNESCO natural inheritance in this region, is really a must for visitors of the Bernese Oberland. The Jungfraujoch is the highest situated train station in Europe at 3,454 m (11,332 ft) over sea. It is in use since 1912. The plan to extend the railway to the summit of the Jungfrau is as old as the railway itself, but it remains a plan for the time being. A train leaves from Kleine Scheidegg; it mostly runs through a tunnel in the north face of the Eiger. In this tunnel the train will make a short stop at the station Eigerwand (2866 m, 9,403 ft), where you can get off for a short period of time to look down through windows in the north face of the Eiger. The next short stop is the station Eismeer (3,160 m, 10,366 ft). You will have the opportunity to enjoy the view on a world of ice. When you have arrived at the Jungfraujoch you can enjoy a breathtaking view over the Bernese Oberland on the one hand, and the Konkordiaplatz on the other hand. The Konkordiaplatz is an intersection of several glaciers, among which the Grosser Aletsch- glacier. This region belongs to the canton 1 of Wallis. You can ski here, ride a snowboard or have a ride with real sledge-dogs. -
The Almers and Their Führerbücher
,, ,, THE ALMERS AND THEIR FUHRERBUCHER 2 57 • • • • THE ALMERS AND THEIR FUHRERBUCHER BY G. HASLER CHRISTIAN ALMER I, I826-I8g8. His sons: ULRICH, b. 1849; CHRISTIAN II, b. 1859; H ANS, b. r86r ; R u DOLF, b. r864; PETER, b. r86g; • T has been my good fortune to have all seven Fiihrerbucher of the Almer family in my hands. It seemed to me that, though the story of the Almers may not be so interesting to a generation which had had hardly any .contact with them, yet there lay in front of me a unique piece of AI pine history which deserved to be collected together as a reminder of past times. There can be few left who remember old Christian himself, nor can there be many who have travelled with his sons, but the amount of foot-pounds these six men who amongst them total up 46 5 years to date have put into the exploration of the Alps and the additions they have helped t o make to Alpine history and topography, are stupendous. When Christian Almer was born on March 29, r8z6, except for what were then considered the extraordinary performances of the Meyers and very few others, nothing had been done. When Christian ';vas eighteen the height of a mountain-lover's ambition, always ex cepting chamois hunters, did not extend t o much more than the crossing of the Strahlegg and Tschingel Passes, a visit to the glaciers, and as a high-water mark a rare ascent of ·Mont Blanc with a train of guides and porters and provisions beyond all reckoning. -
Chapter Seven: the Second Cloud and Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (CLACE 2)
2004 PhD Thesis 162 Chapter Seven: The Second Cloud and Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (CLACE 2) 7.1 Introduction Supersaturations of several hundred percent are required for the homogeneous formation of water droplets in particle free air [Pruppacher and Klett, 1980; Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998]. This does not occur in the atmosphere because of the sufficient concentrations of aerosol particles that act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at supersaturations that are well below 2%. The ability of a given particle to serve as a CCN depends on its size, chemical composition as well as the supersaturation [Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998]. For example, if the ambient relative humidity (RH) does not exceed 100%, no particles will be activated and cloud cannot be formed. The relative humidity (RH) of an air parcel increases as it is lifted vertically in the atmosphere. At the deliquescence point, the water-soluble components of the CCN dissolve. The CCN grows by the addition of water with the continuing increase in RH. If a CCN reaches its critical diameter, (which depends on the particle chemical composition and dry size [Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998]) it will continue to grow as long as the air parcel remains above its equilibrium supersaturation. Particles that do not reach their critical diameter are not activated, though may be increased in size by the addition of water. Cloud optical properties are controlled by the sizes and numbers of the droplets in the cloud, which are, in turn, governed by the availability of atmospheric particles that serve as CCN. Twomey [1974; 1977] suggested that an increase in atmospheric aerosols from anthropogenic emissions would lead to smaller cloud droplets because the same amount of cloud liquid water content is distributed among more condensation nuclei.