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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back o f the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. WILLIAM C. HUNNEMAN (1769-1856): BOSTON COPPERSMITH, BRASS FOUNDER, AND ENTREPRENEUR by Lindsley Elisa Hand A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Early American Culture Spring 1998 Copyright 1998 Lindsley Elisa Hand All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1389579 Copyright 1998 by Hand, Lindsley Elisa All rights reserved. UMI Microform 1389579 Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. WILLIAM C. HUNNEMAN (1769-1856): BOSTON COPPERSMITH, BRASS FOUNDER, AND ENTREPRENEUR Lindsley Elisa Hand Approved: Charles F. Hummel, M.A .1 / Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of me Advisory Committee Approved: es C. Curtis, Ph.D. r of the Winterthur Program in Early American Culture Approved: . Cavanaugh, Ph.D. rovost for Academic Progra and Planning Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Frontispiece. Miniature Portrait of William Cooper Hunneman (1769-1856). Watercolor on ivory. H: 2 3/4", W: 2 1/4" (Courtesy, J. R. Hunneman, Jr., Sedgewick, Maine) iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I have been fortunate in receiving the help of many people in researching and writing this thesis. I am happy to have the chance to thank publicly my advisor, Charles Hummel, for his generous advice, criticism, patience, and encouragement. To Donald L. Fennimore I am very grateful for the original suggestion of William C. Hunneman as a fruitful topic of research and for sharing his knowledge of and enthusiasm for early American metals in and out of class. The curatorial staff at the USS Constitution Museum and the staff of the Massachusetts Historical Society together made it possible for me to spend many hours examining the extant Hunneman day books, as well as providing supporting documents and information. Special thanks are also due to Mr. John Richard Hunneman, Jr. of Sedgewick, Maine, for his boundless enthusiasm and generosity with both family information and photographs of many surviving Hunneman products. Thanks to Donna-Bell Garvin, Curator, and Hilary Anderson, Assistant Curator at New Hampshire Historical Society, Concord, New Hampshire; Lana Lewis, Assistant Curator at Gore Place, Waltham, Massachusetts; Nancy S. Powell, Registrar and Fine Arts Specialist at CIGNA Museum and Art Collection, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Frank White, Curator of Mechanical Arts at Old Sturbridge Village, Sturbridge, Massachusetts; Philip Zea, Deputy Director and Curator, and Amanda E. Lange, Assistant Curator at Historic Deerfield, Massachusetts; Mark and Marjorie Allen; Dr. Melvyn Wolf; and everyone else who sent photographs or allowed me to study and photograph their collections of Hunneman objects. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. I am grateful to David Wood, Curator at Concord Museum, Concord, Massachusetts, for his very helpful insights and suggestions regarding the Hunneman account books and the creation of a database. Thanks also to John Hamilton, Curator of Collections at Museum of Our National Heritage, Lexington, Massachusetts; John Carl Thomas; Loma Condon, Archivist at the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities; and Lynne Joshi, Reference Librarian, Imprints Department at Hagley Museum and Library for their help with research. Without the generosity of Mrs. Lois F. McNeil I would not have begun this project, nor had the opportunity to study at the H. F. du Pont Winterthur Museum. The excellent teachers, curators, and librarians at the museum receive my sincere gratitude for all their help and inspiration. Finally, thank you to all my family, and especially my parents, for their support, encouragement, and patience. v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................vii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION: WILLIAM C. HUNNEMAN AND HIS COMPANY.............................................................................................................. I NOTES: CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................... 12 2 ANALYSIS OF HUNNEMAN ACCOUNT BOOKS........................................ 16 NOTES: CHAPTER 2 ...........................................................................................32 3 HUNNEMAN’S BUSINESS OPERATION........................................................35 NOTES: CHAPTER 3 ...........................................................................................57 4 ANALYSIS OF SURVIVING PRODUCTS........................................................63 NOTES: CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................... 86 5 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................89 NOTES: CHAPTER 5 ...........................................................................................94 Appendix: FIGURES..........................................................................................................96 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................. 132 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT This study of William C. Hunneman, a Boston coppersmith, brass founder, and entrepreneur working from c. 1793 to 1846, helps to fill a gap in the history of the early American craftsman. There have been few, if any, in-depth studies of the craftsmen who produced goods from copper and its alloys during this period. These products played an important role in the households, businesses, and manufactories of America, as well as being vital to the operation of the new United States Navy. Hunneman was involved in extensive business and social networks connecting his local communities with far flung cities and towns. As a producer of early patented fire engines, Hunneman also illuminates the business side of innovative technology. This thesis relies on evidence from two extant day books, one brief ledger, and a large number of surviving Hunneman products, in addition to other primary and secondary sources. The day books were entered into a database which enabled sorting and quantification of information by customer; date; credits and debits; form, quantity, description, and price. It also recorded all other information including weights, method of payment, and Hunneman’s miscellaneous notes. As many surviving objects as possible were located and examined in person. Almost as many more were identified and studied through published and unpublished photographs. These Hunneman products were compared to objects and photographs of objects in the Winterthur Museum, the Decorative Arts Photographic Collection at Winterthur, and many publications. Such comparisons reveal regional vii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. characteristics and strengthen our understanding of business ties among craftsmen producing similar goods. William C. Hunneman was a skilled craftsman and a successful businessman. He produced and sold large numbers of household items
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