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Aquatic Habitats Aquatic Habitats: Lotic Habitats (Streams, Rivers) wintering habitats, and the continued activity by many deleteriously affect stream habitat if project managers are fishes during the winter, need to be considered when unaware of winter habitat requirements and stream making management decisions regarding fish habitat. How conditions. Maintenance of habitat complexity, at least at habitat is affected by land-use activity in stream catchments the scale of stream sub-basin, is recommended to ensure is discussed with reference to impacts from water the diversity of winter habitats for fish communities. withdrawal, varying discharge regimes, and erosion or © ProQuest sedimentation. Even stream enhancement practices can Lentic Habitats (Estuaries, Lakes, Ponds, Wetlands) 1576. Achieving restoration success: Myths in Descriptors: HGM/ hydrogeomorphic/ minimal effects/ bottomland hardwood forests. mitigation/ wetland functions/ wetlands/ agriculture/ Stanturf, J. A.; Schoenholtz, S. H.; Schweitzer, C. J.; and biodiversity/ geomorphology/ water levels Shepard, J. P. Abstract: Frequently a wetland in Kansas has been Restoration Ecology 9(2): 189-200. (2001) manipulated to improve farming operations or provide a NAL Call #: QH541.15.R45R515; ISSN: 10612971. reliable water source for livestock. When a wetland has Notes: doi: 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2001.009002189.x. been converted in violation of wetland provisions, Descriptors: afforestation/ functions/ Wetlands Reserve restoration or enhancement of the remaining wetland is the Program/ afforestation/ ecosystem function/ floodplain primary approach used to regain the lost wetland acreage forest/ restoration ecology/ United States and functional capacity units. In Kansas, the Natural Abstract: Restoration of bottomland hardwood forests is Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has adopted the the subject of considerable interest in the southern United Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) Model procedure for assessing States, but restoration success is elusive. Techniques for wetland functions and values. Four interim HGM models establishing bottomland tree species are well developed, are being used for minimal effects determinations and for yet problems have occurred in operational programs. mitigations of converted wetlands. The Playa Depression Current plans for restoration on public and private land Model is used in the High Plains Playa region of Kansas. A suggest that as many as 200,000 hectares could be Depression Model is being applied to non-riverine type restored in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley alone. The depressions in the remainder of the state east of the playa ideal of ecological restoration is to reestablish a completely region boundary. A Slope Model is used for hillside seeps, functioning ecosystem. Although some argue that and a Riverine Model applies to wooded and herbaceous afforestation is incomplete restoration, it is a necessary and riverine settings. Structures are frequently constructed as a costly first step but not an easy task. The 1992 Wetlands component of wetland restoration and creation, and land Reserve Program in Mississippi, which failed on 90% of the entered into the Wetland Reserve Program or Conservation area, illustrates the difficulty of broadly applying our Reserve Program. The structural design may include a dike knowledge of afforestation. In our view, the focus for or other type of water impoundment structure. A water level ecological restoration should be to restore functions, rather control structure may be included in the design when the than specifying some ambiguous natural state based on objective is shallow water wetlands for wildlife. reference stands or pre-settlement forest conditions. We © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. view restoration as one element in a continuum model of sustainable forest management, allowing us to prescribe 1578. Agricultural chemicals and prairie pothole restoration goals that incorporate land-owner objectives. wetlands: Meeting the needs of the resource and the Enforcing the discipline of explicit terms of predicted values farmer - U.S. perspective. of functions, causal mechanisms and temproal response Grue, C. E.; Tome, M. W.; Messmer, T. A.; Henry, D. B.; trajectories, will hasten the development of meaningful Swanson, G. A.; and DeWeese, L. R. criteria for restoration success. We present our Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural observations about current efforts to restore bottomland Resource Conference 54: 43-58. (1989) hardwoods as nine myths, or statements of dubious origin, NAL Call #: 412.9 N814; ISSN: 0078-1355 and at best partial truth. Descriptors: agricultural activity/ prairie wetland © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ecosystems/ ecology/ agrichemicals/ semiaquatic habitat/ grassland/ chemical pollution/ United States, north central 1577. Addressing wetland issues: The Kansas NRCS region/ wetland conservation approach. © Thomson Reuters Scientific Soffran, L. M. and McDowell, J. L. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Self-Sustaining Solutions for 1579. Agricultural ponds support amphibian Streams, Wetlands, and Watersheds Conference. populations. D'Ambrosio J.L. (eds.) Knutson, Melinda G.; Richardson, William B.; St Paul, MN; pp. 215-220 ; 2004. Reineke, David M.; Gray, Brian R.; Parmelee, Jeffrey R.; Notes: Sponsors: American Society of Agricultural and Weick, Shawn E. Engineers, ASAE; Ohio State University; Ohio Department Ecological Applications 14(3): 669-684. (2004) of Natural Resources; EPA Great Lakes Grants Program; NAL Call #: QH540.E23; ISSN: 1051-0761 National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Enviromental Descriptors: wetlands/ Ambystoma tigrinum/ Caudata/ Protection Agency.; ISBN: 1892769441 agricultural ponds/ agriculture/ communities/ conservation/ 63 Effects of Agricultural Conservation Practices on Fish and Wildlife ecosystems/ freshwater ecology/ habitat management/ agricultural production, economic viability of farms, and the habitat use/ Minnesota, Houston County/ Minnesota, resulting wetland habitat quality for geese, in view of the Winona County/ land zones/ Minnesota/ nitrogen/ uncertainty concerning representation of farmers' land-use phosphorus/ ponds/ productivity/ reproduction/ reproductive decision making processes (management styles). We then success/ species diversity/ wildlife/ tiger salamander simulate shifts in land use, rice and cattle production, farm Abstract: In some agricultural regions, natural wetlands are profitability, and level of wetland habitat use by geese that scarce, and constructed agricultural ponds may represent might result from three alternative federal resource policy important alternative breeding habitats for amphibians. scenarios and three alternative farmers' management Properly managed, these agricultural ponds may effectively styles. We found changes in land-use allocation, rice and increase the total amount of breeding habitat and help to cattle production, and farm profitability resulting from the sustain populations. We studied small, constructed policy scenarios affected habitat use by geese. Policy agricultural ponds in southeastern Minnesota to assess financial incentives, market price for rice, level of rice their value as amphibian breeding sites. Our study production, and farm size were important factors that examined habitat factors associated with amphibian affected wetland habitat use by geese. The management reproduction at two spatial scales: the pond and the styles of farmers affected the quality of wetland habitat landscape surrounding the pond. We found that small when policy scenarios required rice to be grown with agricultural ponds in southeastern Minnesota provided conventional production methods. In this case, farmers, breeding habitat for at least 10 species of amphibians. particularly those who were concerned about maintaining Species richness and multispecies reproductive success farming as a way of life, continued rice production and were more closely associated with characteristics of the maintained wetland habitat for geese even when crop pond (water quality, vegetation, and predators) compared subsidies decreased over time. The public benefited from with characteristics of the surrounding landscape, but the decision making of these farmers because the individual species were associated with both pond and important indirect use value (wildlife habitat and water landscape variables. Ponds surrounded by row crops had quality) and existence value (biodiversity and cultural similar species richness and reproductive success history) of rice agriculture was maintained as an compared with natural wetlands and ponds surrounded by agroecosystem. non-grazed pasture. Ponds used for watering livestock had © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. elevated concentrations of phosphorus, higher turbidity, and a trend toward reduced amphibian reproductive 1581. Agricultural wetland management for success. Species richness was highest in small ponds, conservation goals: Invertebrates in California ponds with lower total nitrogen concentrations, tiger ricelands. salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) present, and lacking O'Malley, Rachel Emerson fish. Multispecies reproductive success was best in ponds In: Invertebrates in freshwater wetlands of North America: with lower total nitrogen concentrations, less emergent Ecology and management/ Batzer, Darold P.; Rader, vegetation, and lacking fish. Habitat factors associated with Russell B.; and Wissinger, Scott A. higher reproductive success varied among individual
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