The American Legion Magazine [Volume 79, No. 3 (September 1965)]

THE AM E R I CAN

LEGIONMAGAZINE 19 6 5 LYNDON JOHNSON'S "GET-TOUGh POLICY"

by George Fieying Eliot

tlllllAS A. EDISON $100 BILLION FOR FRESH WATER? LOOK AT A BOYS' SI 1he man by Dawson Jones

Invented ^^^^^^ almost , 0 everything

by Robert Silverberg ^ You'll go better refreshed with ice-c<. . . .a-Cola. Gives a lift to your spirits, a boost to your energy,

a big, bold, unmistakable taste. In short- Coca-Cola is more than an ordinary soft drink.

things go betteri Coke ;

The American

SEPTEMBER 1965

Volume 79. .yiumhrr 3

LEGION POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 Magazine The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10019 Contents for September 1965 Publisher, James F. O'Neil Editor Robert B. Pitkin Assistant Editor $100 BILLION FOR FRESH WATER? 6 John Andretila Art Editor BY TOM MAHONEY Al Marshall A fantastic proposal for North America dramatizes the Associate Editors Roy Miller world's fresh-water situation. James S. Swartz Production Manager Art lirrt/field Copy Editor 10 Grail S. Hanford LYNDON JOHNSON'S GET-TOUGH POLICY Circulation Manager BY GEORGE FIELDING ELIOT Dean B. Nelson Indianapolis, Ind. Will our stand in Vietnam and the Dominican Republic Advertising Director deter future "small wars" as nuclear Robert P. Redden weapons deter "big wars?" Chicago-Detroit Sales Office Bart J. Burns 35 East Wacker Drive Chicago. 111. 60601 CEntral 6-2101 THOMAS A. EDISON—THE MAN WHO INVENTED ALMOST EVERYTHING 14 CHANGE OF ADDRESS: BY ROBERT SILVERBERG Notify Circulation Dept.. P. O. Box 1951, 46206 n^iiig Post Otfice The story the whose discoveries, inventions Indianapolis, Ind., of man and Form 3578. Attach old address label and developments afect almost every moment of your day. give old and new addresses with ZIP Code number and current membership card number. Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant.

A LOOK AT A BOYS' STATE 18 The American Legion BY DAWSON JONES Publications Commission: Dr. Charles R. Logau, Keokuk, loiia Photos of Ohio's Boys' State show the cream of American (Chairman); Adolph F. Bremer, Kinona, Minn, ( Vice Chairman Lang Armstrong, youth in action in a sampling of one of the Legion's ) ; Spokane^ Wash.; Charles E. Booth, Hunting- greatest projects for young men. ton, W. Va.; John Cicero. Suoyerville, Pa.; E. J. Cooper, Hollywood, Fla.; Clovis Cope- land. Little Rock, Ark.; Paul B. Dague, Down- ingloivn. Pa.; Raymond Fields, Guymon, Oklit. Cliris Hernandez, Savannah, Ca.; George D. VIRGINIA CITY, NEV 25 Levy, Sumter, S. C; Howard E. Lohtnan, Muorhead, Minn. ; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, BY ALDEJV STEVENS N. v.; Morris Meyer, Starkvillc, Miss.; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Robert M itchier. A travel article for today's motorists on the site the great of Oswego, 111.; Harry H. Schalfer, Pittsburgh, Comstock lode in Nevada. Fifteenth in the series Pa.; Bradley J. Stephens. Los Altos, Calif.; "Seeing Historic America." Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Robert H. Wilder. Dadeville, Ala. Edward McSweeney, Armonk. N. Y, (Consultant)

DO COMMODITY PROGRAMS REALLY HELP FARMERS?....26 TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION The American Legion Magazine is publislied monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville. pro; rep. HAROLD D. COOLEY (D-N.C.) Ky. 40201 by The American Legion. Cojjyright con: rep. PAUL FINDLEY (R-ILL.) 1965 by The American Legion. Second-class

postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price : single

copy, 20 cents ; yearly subscription, $2.00. Order nonmember subscriptions from tlie Cir- culation Department of The American Legion, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave.. Departments New York, N. Y. 10019. Wholly owned by The American Legion, with National Head- quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 2 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 31 DATELINE WASHINGTON 4 PERSONAL 44 EDITOR'S CORNER 5 BOOKS 52 Publisher's Representatives ROD & GUN CLUB 28 LEGION SHOPPER 53 West Coast Arden E. Roney & Assoc. VETERANS NEWSLETTER 29 PARTING SHOTS 56 Los Angeles & San Francisco, Calif.

Northwest Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, The Harlowe Co. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Seattle. Wash. 98101

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965* FEHRENBACH'S EYE OPENER SIR: I have been reading The American LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Legion Magazine for a great many years, but I think Mr. T. R. Fehrenbach's article in the July issue, "What Happened To the Men Who Signed the Declaration Letters published do not necessarily ex- of Independence?" and "The Trust- press the policy of The American Legion. of Independence?" is the most outstand- Busting Law" will contribute to Keep letters short. Name and address must much ing article of its kind I have ever read. be furnished. Expressions of opinion and those who really wish to understand requests for personal services are appreci- I had a lump in my throat when I fin- why we have our wonderful country and ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or ished it. Keep up the good work! lack answered, due to of magazine staff for why it has been necessary for some to these purposes. Requests for personal serv- Richard H. Amberg, Publisher give their all in order to preserve it. ices which may be legitimately asked of St. Louis Globe-Democrat The American Legion should be made to May we, the ones who are more for- your Post Service Officer or your state St. Louis, Mo. (Department) American Legion Hq. Send tunate, never lose sight of the principles letters to the editor to: Letters, The that it was built upon and the terrible American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- sir: You are to be commended for Mr. nue, New York, N Y. 10019. cost throughout the years to preserve Fehrenbach's extremely fine article. . . . it. Thank you for these articles. It should be read and reread by every Marvin J. Huston THE JULY ISSUE student in the 50 states. Radcliff, Ohio sir: Congratulations for Harry Kursh's Rev. W. a. Fleagle timely and thought-provoking editorial Atlanta, Ga. sir: Congratulations on your wonderful "Intellectuals vs. Freedom" in the July July issue. I enjoyed especially the fea- issue. ture on Jackson Hole and the Grand sir: Congratulations for the article about Ehrendreich C. J. Tetons. the signers of the Declaration of Inde- Juneau, Alaska Glen Perrins, News Editor pendence. We Americans need much Ogden Standard-Examiner more of this fine literature. SIR: Your very fine article "A New Kind Ogden, Utah Nancy Nelson Miner of American Soldier," in the July issue, Saranac Lake, N.Y. causes older Americans like myself to sir: As an attorney with some experience of sensi- feel very proud our courageous, in anti-trust matters, I want to say that sir: One of the best articles I have ever ble, daring fighting men. Many thanks your July article on "The Trust-Busting read. The awful price paid by these men to you and Robin Moore, its author. Law," by Dean and David Heller, was for .signing the Declaration of Independ- Frank P. Williamson, Jr. the best article I have ever seen in a ence has never been stressed. It would Fontana, Calif. non-technical publication on this law. be well if a reprint of this article were Dale M. Harlan sent to all schools and published in every sir: The two articles "What Happened State Representative newspaper in the country. To the Men Who Signed the Declaration State of Oregon Emmons C. Carlson Miami, Fla.

sir: It's been a long, long time since I have read an article with such impact.

. . . The facts in this article should be known to every single young American. Walter F. Ulmer, Commissioner Folks, enjoy the extra smoothness Department of Mental Health and Corrections of my extra age Augusta, Me.

I Kentucky Bourbon! sir: I would like your permission to reproduce it for the education and edifica- tion of my pupils in American History and American Government classes. Floyd Russell, Jr. The Victoria College Victoria, Tex. Newt Kook Dant Distillery Co. "T^ -7^ sir: It made this year's Independence Day just a bit more significant to me. It ...and the extra age is hoped that Mr. Fehrenbach's article will given wider circulation. doesn't cost one extra cent! be Frank J. Bielitz Ocean City, N.J.

ATTN: EX-LONDON LEGIONNAIRES sir: Some misguided soul destroyed the records of this Post, including all written historical records. Would any of your readers perhaps be able to help us re- construct? There are no records of even Commanders before 1960 and we are faced with an almost impossible task Another Perennial favorite of preparing for the momentous 50th

America's No. 1 Selling anniversary of the Legion in 1969. John Dillon Bonded Bourbon! 100 PROOF London Post No. 1 22 Linden Avenue ©OANT OISTILIERY COMPANY, LOUISVILU, KY. Wembley, Middlesex, England

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 —

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"ALLIED" TRADE WITH NORTH VIETNAM. DATELINE WEST GERMANY UNEASY. ^ FAIR PLAY FOR THE MIDDLE AGED WASHINGTON

Although the United States ha s been increasing its troo p PEOPLE AND QUOTES: commitment to the defense of South Vietnam against red COURT PROBLEM aggression and stepping up its aerial bombardment of "Some courts seem so ob- North Vietnam' s war p otential" , U. S. allies have been continuing "business as usual" with the Hanoi Government sessed with technicalities that they The sad fact is that ships flying British, Greek, lose sight of the truth." Sen. McClellan (D-Ark Norwegian and other friendly flags have been carrying ), Con- goods to commiinist North Vietnam even as our GI's have gressional crime prober. been killed in the fight against a North Vietnam take- REAL CHINESE HOPE? over of South Vietnam. "I hope the U.S. sends in In Congress, Rep. Paul G. Rogers (D-Fla. ) has been 2,000,000 troops [into Vietnam]. conducting a one-man campaign to goad the Administration The bigger the intervention, the into taking strong measures, such as blacklisting, against bigger the defeat will be." Mar- countries whose ships are carrying supplies to the Viet shal Chen Yi, Red China's For- reds . . . The State Dept., already involved in argu- eign Minister. ments with friendly nations trading with Red Cuba and Red China, is reluctant to make another open issue. SOVIET SUBS "The least our friends can do is stop helping our "We have no fewer [nuclear enemies," says Rogers. subs] than the U.S.A. The difference may be one or two boats." Marshal Vasily Soko- Even as General DeGaulle c ommands the headline s with his lovsky, of Russia. imperious antics aimed at loosening U. S. leadership of the LATIN VIEW Allied nations, Wa shin ton is becoming increasingly con- g "Latin America does not need cerned with West Germany' s restiveness. to be its ailments; it needs Semiofficial growls are emanating from Bonn that free told medicine." President Belaunde Germany is fed up with France's disruptive tactics Terry, of Peru. weakening not only the Common Market, but also NATO

(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) . , . NATO, with U.S. SEE AMERICA FIRST nuclear bomb power, is the key to the security of Ger- "We are only beginning to see many against Russia. the full potential or the beauty In addition, Germany's leaders are beginning to worry and diversity and the excite- out loud about recent demands in the United States that ment of America as an attrac- President Johnson give first priority to an East-West tion." Sec'y of Commerce John "ban the bomb" agreement rather than trying to build up T. Connor. joint Allied nuclear bomb strength. If the United States should adopt such a priority, Bonn now openly hints HE SAID IT that the Germans will have to obtain their own nuclear "Anything men can do in pol- weapons as security against the Soviet's missile power. itics, women can do, and in many instances, better." Senate Majority Leader Mansfield (D- The development of pension plan systems for industry and Mont). the increase in the 45-and-over segment of our population BETTER LIFE are building up pressure in Congress for federal legis- "Medicines and our rising lation to bar j ob discrimination based on age. health standards . . . have Congress has already established fair employment prac- greatly lengthened the span of tices prohibiting discrimination in hiring because of life . . . and now our big assign- race, religion, national origin and sex . . . Twenty ment is to improve the quality states and Puerto Rico have added this list of bans, age to of that life while we do live." and last year the President ordered that discrimination President Johnson. for age be eliminated by federal contractors. Age prejudice in hiring today affects 56 million Ameri- WRONG PERCENT ". in- cans 45 years old and older, including 21 million . . No matter how much agency veterans of World War 2 and the Korean War . . . After formation a Government 45, men and women thrown out of work find many job releases, only about 10 percent general opportunities automatically barred to them . . . One key of it ever reaches the 10 barrier is the cost of adding an older worker to a going public . . . usually the wrong pension system ... A federal tax refund to employers percent ..." Postmaster Gen. is being proposed to overcome this economic hurdle. John A. Gronouski.

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . SEPTEMBER 1965 NAWAPA WHEN? gram—now that the liberals have taken WHEN you've finished reading Tom Ma- the lead in urging us to abandon the enor- honey's "SI 00 Billion for Fresh Wa- EDITOR'S mous investment in foreign aid that we've ter?" on page 6, you will probably want poured into Southeast Asia? They can no to know if NAWAPA (see the article) is CORNER. longer speak for it anywhere with clean definitely going to happen and if so. when. skirts. The President would even give for- Alaska's Sen. Ernest Gruening has pointed eign aid instead of bombs to North Viet- out that: called attention to the fact that today's nam if it will stop what it is doing. That "There is not an agency of the Federal liberals have reverted to the "Neander- would have excited yesterday's liberals to Government that has the authority or the thal" position of the "reactionary" isola- ecstasies. But if he succeeds in negotiating means to evaluate this proposal in terms tionists of the Thirties. Again they parade such a deal it looks as if Mr. Johnson of the interest of the United States . . . their placards—but now the slogans cry would have to get his public support from The work to date has been done by a pri- "Get out." not "Get in." the conservatives in today's upside-down this vate engineering firm (Parsons) and We could protest that if they aren't go- world. The modern liberals have already subcom.mittee." Sen. Gruening heads a ing to back our Vietnam stand, they rejected it out of hand, leading North Viet- Special Subcommittee on Western Water should have warned us back in the Thirties nam to think that it can get a total sur- Development named by the Senate Com- that when they asked us to play "One render from us by fighting on. mittee on Public Works. World" they didn't mean for keeps. What will happen to fill the hole left by Not only would NAWAPA take an esti- But we'd rather remind them that they the moral bankruptcy of the liberals' for- mated 20 years to build, but simply to de- were right the first time. Every argument eign policy? It stands out starkly against cide to go ahead to build it could still take for our involvement abroad that they ad- the noble statement of liberal foreign pol- many years of fact-finding, planning and vanced in the Thirties is stronger today icy of 17 years ago expressed in a simple debating in Washington. than then. If they could only stop their paragraph by President Harry S. Truman. Nevertheless, it is in the cards that the knees from shaking, now that their policy In enunciating national goals in his 1948 federal government is going to move into has got our boys in trouble, they could State of the Union Address he said: the national fresh-water-supply situation help us see the bloody thing through yet, "Our fifth goal is to achieve world peace on a big, and increasing, scale from now instead of giving aid and comfort to the based on principles of freedom and justice on. enemy. and the equality of nations." Meanwhile, the reversion of the liberals In Vietnam, today's liberals would have END OF AN ERA to isolationism is a revolution of enor- us substitute slavery for freedom; bloody THE DEBATE about the President's Viet- mous dimensions here at home. By desert- dictatorship for justice; and national cap- nam policy signals a milestone in Ameri- ing the field, they leave behind a vacuum tivity for national equality, as the peaceful can history. It marks the end, by voluntary that upsets the balance of public opinion solution to the situation there. bankruptcy, of thirty years of potent lib- on foreign affairs. A field is never truly de- Mr. Truman's eloquent words stand eral influence on American foreign policy. serted. Someone else always moves in erased as a liberal statement, and the cred- Vietnam is a logical consequence of liberal when the champ abdicates. What will hap- itors couldn't get lOr on the dollar on it. demands of three decades, they don't like pen to foreign aid—a strong liberal pro- RBP it. and they have asked out. The liberals who are after the Presi- dent's hide on Vietnam have fled to the position of their "isolationist" enemies of the Thirties, an era when they made "isolationist" a bad word. Back then they supported a campaign of scorn against isolationism with power- CITY CL.UB ful arguments. Isolationists were "Nean- derthals" (cave men living in prehistoric TOUCHDOWNS times); they were "ostriches with their heads in the sand," or. sneeringly, "Amer- Daring feet to feel free. Holding up ica Firsters." Then, as now, the liberals every step witti the first and paraded "students" and "mothers" and only Cushioned Flange^ "professors" carrying placards that re- insole. And it's only duced the complex problems of the world International's. to simple mottoes and slogans. But what- Above ever they lost in public respect with their ground: black or oak name-calling and sloganeering, their (irf;ii- grained leather. City mcnt against isolationism could hardly be Club Shoes $12.95 denied and it carried the day. — to $20.95. The world was shrinking. Events anywhere on the globe affected us. and we had to play our natural part in them. We could not put up a fence around the United States and shut out the rest of hu- manity, for our life was increasingly and unavoidably mixed with world events.

Whether we liked it or not. we were in what Wendell Willkie. a Republican liberal, called "One World." Most liberals didn't vote for Willkie for President, but they adopted his phrase as the happiest motto of the anti-isolationist position. America had a role in the whole wide world, and it must fulfill it, they said. And America did. This last February, Senator Thomas Dodd of Connecticut delivered a speech on the Senate floor called, "Vietnam and Budget not up to City Club, young man? Ask for Wesboro Shoes $8.95 to $10.95. the New Isolationism," He forcefully Wouldn't you like to be in our shoes? Most of America is. International S''oe Co., St. Louis, Mo. THE AMtRlCAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 5 By TOM MAHONEY

United States, Canada and THEMexico are giving serious consideration to a giant fresh water project. Its cost could exceed $100 billion. It could take 20 years to build. Its dams, streams, lakes, tunnels and pumping stations would stretch south from the reaches of the Arctic to northwestern Mexico—and east as far as the Great Lakes. Its name is NAWAPA, standing for North American Water and Power Alliance. Of the many huge water im- poundments foreseen in the NAWAPA scheme to catch and hold diverted Arctic runoff and surplus rains of the North- west, the largest would be a 500-mile- long lake in the Rocky Mountain Trench, mostly in Canada. Nothing highlights the growing importance of the world's fresh water situation quite so much as the seriousness with which this imagination-staggering

project is being taken. Nor can it be seen in perspective without a summary of where we stand today with respect to $100 BILLION the water dilemma. Throughout the world, the chief problems are (1) too much water, (2) too little water, (3) polluted water and (4) the growth of human demands for water FOR FRESH beyond the perfectly normal and once- satisfactory supply. Of these, "too little water" is most in the public eye in the United States this summer. Water, where it is needed, when it is needed, that is WATER? pure enough to drink and cheap enough to use in agriculture and industry, is one of the world's most feverishly sought resources. New York and more than 1,000 other American communities in recent months have had to restrict water usage to stretch the supply to meet the demand. The Northeast and some other parts of the country in the past four years A gigantic water proposal for North have had the worst drought in 80 years. Unless there's a heavy fall of rain in the Northeast between the writing and printing of these words, the New York America dramatizes the world water situation. metropolitan area, though most of it is lush green to the eye, will be in the midst of its worst drought in historv in terms of the human demand for water. A New tion on a hot summer day without severe perts agree, now has both the abundance Jersey dairy recently offered its milk water curtailment. of water and the facilities to meet such customers artesian well water at more Our population is growing rapidly and an increase. This does not mean that than 16(' a quart. Levels of the Great we use more water per capita than ever other parts of the country will "run out Lakes continue low.''' Even in usually before. At an average cost to household- of water," but it will require them to deal, wet Florida, scant rainfall and a flood ers of only 50^ per 1,000 gallons, or one way or another, with a problem, control project have to combined about 3^ per day per person, it is one which, in the words of a Senate commit- threaten wildlife and vegetation in Ever- of the world's greatest bargains. Rainfall tee, "will grow steadily worse until it glades National Park. Right now, a and snowfall have not increased, but the reaches alarming proportions in the years thousand of our cities probably aren't demand for water in the United States 1980 and 2000." prepared to combat a major conflagra- is now five to eight times as great as it The average American citizen may be was in 1900. Between now and 1980. if staggered at how much water consump- current population and economic growth tion is chargeable to him each day. What See "Low Water on the Lakes" by John continue, it will double. he in his is frac- E. Euller, The American Legion Magazine. consumes home only a February 1965. Onlv the Pacific Northwest, many ex- tion of what is chargeable to him

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SE PTEMBER 1965 ^

How the Parsons proposal for the North American Water and Power Alliance would capture rivers of the Northwest and Arctic and distribute them for human use over the better part of the continent. Proposal is under continuing study in a special committee of the Senate.

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . SEPTEMBER 1965 ^ co.T.Mu.o $100 BILLION FOR FRESH WATER? as the consumer, in terms of water used by farmers but nearly everything else involves estimates. There are also and industry to produce the products that end with more than 10 million private water systems, most of them him. Even the smallest estimate of daily water use per suburban or farm families pumping from a single well, but person is well over 1 ,000 gallons a day, of which 60 gallons also including sizable industrial operations. There is also a or so actually run through his faucets. Other estimates are question of the meaning of "use" in industry. Some produc- more than twice that. tion processes consume water, others dirty or pollute it, and

According to a calculation of the National Water Insti- still others change it no more than water is changed by boiling tute, the average American now ""uses" in some way 2,675 an egg in it. The same water may be "used" many times gallons of water every day. Only about two gallons of this and often is. goes down his throat in drink, and food. All food contains But whether our daily average per capita use is 1 ,035, 1 ,660

or 2,675 gallons, it is a lot of water. Where does it come from? The average U.S. nationwide 30 inches fall of rain IN U.S. WATER DEMAND and snow a year drops an average of 22,000 gallons of water 1965 a day for every American. More than two-thirds of this goes back to the skies through transpiration of plants and evapora- 300 Billion Gals, per Day 1980 tion. The U.S. Geological Survey calculates that only 6,000 gallons per person per day flow into streams and water-bear- Gals, per Day Est. 559 Billion 2000 ing strata and become available for use. Allowing for floods, untrapped runoff and other variables, the Department of

Est. 880 Billion Gals, per Day Commerce calculates that only a third of this—2,000 gallons Billion —will be available most of the year. This figure is close to plr^Day WATER DEMAND VS. WATER SUPPLY what the above calculations say we are now using. Water problems are even more serious abroad. In the 800 Middle East. Israel is on the brink of war with the United 700 Arab Republic over the headwaters of the Jordan River. Israelis guard their reservoir above the Sea of Galilee like Fort Knox and have shelled bulldozers working on 600 Arab water projects near the frontier. In India, lack of water and ^^^^ contaminated water kill more people than tuberculosis and 500 cancer combined. In New Delhi, some hospitals haven't had enough water to sterilize surgical instruments. The World 400 Health Organization estimates that every year 500 million people suffer from disabling diseases associated with unsafe 300 water supplies and that diarrheal diseases caused by poor 1965 1970 1980 2000 water kill 5 million infants. Water has to be barged to the Greek Islands and some of our own Virgin Islands. In some places over the world, street vendors sell water of doubtful water. Lean meat is 50% water. Watermelons, oranges and quality at high prices. other watery fruits are as much as 95% water. But beside the water he ingests, the average American requires 58 more "Anybody who can solve the problem of water," said the gallons a day at home. Every minute a shower runs, five late President John F. Kennedy, "will be worthy of two gallons are used. Every flush of the toilet requires 5 to 7 Nobel Prizes—one for peace and one for science." sallons. We use 5 gallons dailv to wash, shave and brush Most notable of the many who are attempting to do so is our teeth. A load of home laundry needs 27 gallons of water President Lyndon B. Johnson. He documented his interest for three cycles, suds and rinses. Air conditioners, auto- in a foreword to a book by the late Sen. Robert S. Kerr of matic dishwashers and garbage disposals add to the water Oklahoma, saying: "I am keenly aware that water manage- demand. ment is our No. 1 economic problem. As a Texas rancher, Meanwhile, farmers somewhere are using 766 gallons of I have learned the hard way about the trials of flood and ." water per consumer daily, growing food. Others are using drought. . . 849 gallons to make electric power and industrial products Throughout the nation we will spend about $10 billion on for each of us every day. Beef cattle drink about 12 gallons research and development of water resources next year, of of water daily; milk cows, 20 gallons; hogs, 3; sheep, 2; chick- which the federal government's share will be up from $1.2 ens, a pint a chicken. It takes 375 gallons of water to grow to $1.9 billion. Programs endorsed by the President and

wheat for a pound of flour. It takes 13 gallons of water to backed by Congress include: ( 1 ) stepping up the Department brew a gallon of beer, 236 gallons of water to refine a gallon of the Interior's program to desalt sea water, initiated under of alcohol, and more than 20,000 gallons of water t® produce President Eisenhower and including efforts to develop de- a ton of steel. A quality paper mill producing 600 tons of salination economically with atomic energy; (2) stepped up paper a day requires 40 million gallons of water daily. The federal measures to prevent pollution, including increased

availability of water is a prime consideration today in the federal aid for municipal waste treatment facilities: and (3) locating of new industrial plants. increases in federal funds for the Committee on Water Re- The National Association of Manufacturers this year came sources Research of the Federal Council for Science and up with a different set of figures for the average daily per Technology. capita use of water. These list 65 gallons a day for the home, Other U.S. agencies that will share in water-control and 500 for food growing and only 470 gallons for industry, the development projects next year include: The Atomic Energy last divided 300 for fuel-electric power and 170 for manu- Commission; the National Science Foundation; The Tennes- facturing. These total 1,035 gallons a day. A recent book see Valley Authority; and the Cabinet Departments of Agri-

calculates it at 1,660 gallons. Such differences are not sur- culture; Commerce; Health, Education, and Welfare; and prising. Water pumped by utilities is measured accurately, Defense. The Army Corps of {Continued on page 40)

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 44 I've had my automatic shotgun only fifteen years. What do you mean I need another one! 5^

We mean we've made the Remington Model 1100.

Agreed, you've got a good gun. So greatest stress are reinforced; others, without the slightest adjustment. why switch? Because the Remington highly polished to cut friction. Areas And the modern, streamlined

Mode! 1 100 is a better one. of greatest impact are specially profile and perfect balance give

The 1 100 is built to be more rugged, cushioned. Receiver is machined you superb pointing and swing. more dependable, more satisfying to from a solid block of steel. The rich What we're saying is that the shoot than any other automatic. American walnut stock is protected Model 1 100 is built for you. In 12, It's built to give you less "kick" by Du Pont-developed RKW finish, 16 and 20 gauges. All standard than any other shotgun made. All toughest ever put on a gun. Even chokes and barrels. Also in trap, the power is there. But a new system the metal finish is extra rust-resistant. skeet and magnum models. From of gas operation handles recoil so D It's built for performance. An 1 100 just $149.95*. efficiently you feel it far less. holds three to five shots, handles all

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Lyndon Johnson's Get-Tough Policy A HISTORIC LANDMARK

By GEORGE FIELDING ELIOT

TIHE MILITARY EVENTS of the first half of 1965 are the troops) than have seen active service in a "shooting war" opening moves which introduce to the world a revolu- ( large or small ) since the end of the Korean conflict. tionary change in international thinking. To the average newspaper reader at home or abroad, The world has been put on notice (and has noticed) these occurrences may have appeared to be impulsive. that anxiety about starting a nuclear war no longer deters But in fact, they both represent a get-tough policy of

the United States from using its vastly superior conven- the President's which is the product of deep consideration

tional military power in support of its objectives. and firm conviction. In Vietnam and in the Dominican Republic, the Presi- dent has told the world that our foes can no longer count THIS IS CONFIRMED in plain words by an article in the on, and our friends can no longer dread, America taking New York Times Magazine for May 30, 1965,

its chief counsel from its fears. written by Roswell L. Gilpatric, who was Deputy The communists have lony understood that nuclear Secretary of Defense (the No. 2 man in the Defense De-

poMer deters big war amou'j^ major powers l)ut it does not partment) right up to the end of 1964. Mr. Gilpatric says deter the use of lesser force In areas that do not Ihreafen flatly that what we are now doing in Vietnam does not the survival of a nuclear-armed nation. They have shown represent "just another test of wills between communist

no fear in fomenting lesser disorders on every continent and free-world forces. This time it represents the first for the better part of two decades, while they have relied major effort by a Western power to counter the commu- on our own dread of "escalation" of a small conflict into nists' preferred type of conflict—what Khrushchev called

a big one to provide our own self-imposed handcuffs. 'wars of national liberation' . . . Present U.S. policy on President Johnson has intuitively reversed the field, cast Vietnam was finally firmed up after a long and carefully off the handcuff's, and invited the world to reshape its thought-through analysis." policies with the United States playing the role of a tiger, Considering Mr. Gilpatric's exceptional access to the

if aroused, and no longer a rabbit. This is the profoundest underlying facts, the importance of his comments cannot revolution in guidehnes for international policy-making be too strongly emphasized. As for the President's timely around the world since the end of the Second World War. reaction to the threat of "another Cuba" in the Dominican In both Vietnam and the Dominican Republic, the Republic, this pretty much speaks for itself when con- United States this year sent into action a much more sub- trasted with the Bay of Pigs fiasco. stantial number of U.S. forces (especially of ground In terms of U.S. global strategy and mihtary policy, we ***************************** 10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 ^ * ************************

now have a brand new ball game. In 1962, as a result of the Soviet attempt to establish a missile base in Cuba, the late President John F. Ken-

nedy made it plain that the missiles would go—or else. Khrushchev backed down. But even then, the lingering anxieties about Russian nuclear power were such that President Kennedy did not feel free to follow through — as many Americans hoped he would — with a surgical operation to remove the Castro cancer from the body of the

Western Hemisphere once and for all. This hesitation was the product of what may be called "counter-deterrence," arising from the knowledge that the Soviets do possess a capability for launching a nuclear attack against

our homeland. Yet. it is manifestly absurd to suppose that the cautious Kremlin leaders would launch a nuclear war because of any conceivable American local action offering no direct threat to Soviet national security, when they backed off from doing so under conditions of maximum embarrassment and loss of face in 1962.

But, however sound that is. it did not wholly eliminate the haunting fear that

this time maybe . . . well, anyway, why take chances? Castro remained.

IS iHis VAGUE FEAR which has de- ITnied us the full dividends we might have earned from the etTcctivc use of our globally mobile non-nuclear striking power. We arc vastly superior to the Soviets at sea, with the world's

No. 1 Navy built around a steel core of fast carrier task forces capable of establishing control of the surface of

the sea and the air space above it wherever necessary on the 70% of

the earth's surface which is covered by salt water. We are also vastly superior in long-range, land-based air power and air transport. We possess capabilities and experience in conducting amphibious and airborne operations which quite overshadow anything of the sort at Soviet command. The projection of military operations to great distances from home territory has indeed played no part in modern

Russian history — but with us it repre- President Lyndon B. Johnson, in effect reinvoking the Monroe Doctrine, as, on May sents the means by which we have 2, 1965, he told the nation in blunt language that he was moving troops into the Dominican Republic "to help prevent another communist state in this hemisphere." (Turn lo next page) ***************************** 1 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 H

1 i CONTINUED move, and are always in the forefront in denouncing such actions in the United Nations. Lyndon Johnson's Writing in the New York Herald Tribtme, Joseph Alsop notes that in rejecting that idea at the White House level,

the President "crossed a very major Rubicon . . . Certainly he looms much larger in the world today than on the day Get-Tough of his triumphant election ... In Moscow and Peking, in Paris and in other quarters where it is desirable [for us] to have the President of the United States regarded as Policy pretty formidable and not to be lightly tampered with, the upward revision of the going estimates of Lyndon Johnson defended our homeland in two major wars, and forms the has been almost an audible process." instinctive essence of our strategic concepts. All this from so simple a thing as the President's recog- The Soviets, however, possess global mobility of nition of the communist-proved fact that atoms do not another kind — the political mobility conferred on them deter non-nuclear aggression, but instant reaction to lesser by the worldwide deployment of local communist parties, aggression, or the promise of them, may do so. Lyndon pressure groups and agents. This network, where opportunity permits, has habitually been reinforced by ship- ments of arms (of which they have vast surplus stocks) and by economic and other forms of support. This support is used for activities ranging from relatively peaceful political penetration to "wars of national liberation," such as their support of the guerrilla wars in Greece, Malaya, the "Huk" movement in the Philippines, and the Con- golese rebels — to say nothing of Comrade Fidel. It is notable that where these efforts have failed, it was because they have been defeated on the ground by forces capable of protecting the people and providing them with a sense of security. American and/or other Western aid has been instrumental in effecting these defeats. Still, our policies have most often been slow and hesitant in terms of apply- ing force to meet force — for instance, in denying the use of the sea to gun-running ships, which used to be a perfectly legitimate and fully accepted police task of superior naval powers.

THIS BUILT-IN HESITATION to act, whcrc a major war is hardly apt to result, is a by-product of the nuclear

age. Much of its enormous literature of fear has been U.S. Marines and soldiers in Santo Domingo on May 3, 1965. produced by writers of varying degrees of authority dealing with deterrence in all conceivable aspects, and side effects Johnson was far from the first to understand that, but he

such as "escalation," "graduated response," "second- was the first free-world statesman to apply it as a basis strike capabilities," etc. The Soviets successfully treated for practical policy. all that literary propaganda as so much rubbish in Now there is frustration in the Kremlin, though no Hungary, and one small but wholesome result of demon- evidence of any intention to risk all that communism has strated success for the Johnson strategic revolution would built up in Russia since 1917 for the sake of Ho Chi be the reduction to absurdity in the West of much of this Minh's baby blue eyes. And there are temper tantrums in turgid prose. Peking about Soviet "betrayal" and "cowardice" the like Many people have come to accept as an established fact of which the communist "camp" of devoted comrades has of life that any use of military force by the United States not experienced in many years.

(but not by others) — brings with it the threat of nuclear As for "world opinion" generally, some anxious mur- consequences. The Soviets, of course, and more recently muring has played second fiddle to new respect. the Red Chinese, have done everything in their power to Britain, with a Southeast Asian problem of her own, strengthen this conviction. Doing so helps them greatly to has supported the Johnson moves; so have Australia and cancel out our superiority in global mobile non-nuclear New Zealand, both to the extent of sending token forces military power. It is for this reason that they raise such a to Vietnam. Japan seems well disposed. Our relations with propaganda hullabaloo whenever we make a military our Philippine friends have warmed up after an earlier

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 period of strain, with the Philippine Air Force (of its own American setting. There is no free Latin American nation accord) offering the use of its own air base on Cebu to today which has not given sanctuary to refugees from relieve the current congestion at Clark Field. Castroland, with their first-hand accounts of what has

Reporter Marguerite Higgins notes a sudden, if un- happened to the Cuban people. Also, President Johnson advertised, switch by Egypt's Nasser from noisy belliger- left no time for anyone to doubt that he meant business. ence to conciliation, including a halt in shipping arms to Certainly the President's swift and massive intervention the Congolese rebels. at Santo Domingo makes clear how thoroughly he has Both Pakistan and India totally resisted efforts by accepted the basic idea of not being deterred from a nec- Indonesia's Sukarno to stir them into denunciation of essary use of force by fear of "what might happen" — American policy during a recent meeting of the Bandung whether fear of Soviet nuclear reactions or the long-en- powers. during sacred cow of Latin American emotional reactions. As for Thailand and the non-communist faction in Another sacred cow seems also to have been quietly Laos, the changeover from anxiety to renewed confidence interred — the Korean-born notion that we must never is reported to have been almost magical at the very outset again fight a ground war against "Asian hordes." of the bomb attacks on North Vietnam. Lloyd Norman, Newsweek's exceptionally well-in- Most important of all, perhaps, was the effect on South formed Pentagon correspondent, notes this as "a major shift in U.S. strategic thinking on the Far East," a remark which corresponds closely to ex-Secretary Gilpatric's authoritative analysis above quoted. "The most significant development in Pentagon planning these days," Norman reports, "is that all manifestations of the Korean war syndrome are gone. There is no longer the same fear of fighting a ground war in Asia."

What is new here is that the idea of not fighting "hordes" (which we don't want to do) no longer rules us out of not fighting at all in Asia.

FRIENDLY DIPLOMAT with much experience in Asia has pointed out that "it is in the peninsulas and seaward areas of the continent that resistance to the expansion of a great central empire builds up most strongly and can most readily be supported from the sea." It was our chief mistake in Korea that we pushed forward past the narrow neck of the Korean peninsula (where we could have held a front of 100 miles until hell froze over) into the mountainous north where we faced "Asia's vast- ness" on the 400-mile Yalu River front, in terrain which gave every advantage to the Chinese. The Army thinking U.S. Skyraiders winging to a strike at North Vietnam. does not ignore the fact that Vietnam also occupies a peninsula, nor the further fact that we can hold positions Vietnamese self-confidence. Secretary of State Rusk ob- there — as we could have in Korea — which the Chinese served at a press conference that the bombing of North will not be able to get at comfortably with anything that Vietnam was the only way to establish the credibility of could be called a "horde." If we are out to prove that a U.S. determination not to be pushed out. "war of national liberation" can be met and defeated on The French, needless to say, have been generally the ground by U.S. land forces, then we must choose a critical, and General de Gaulle went out of his way to in- battlefield where that can be done and make the enemy clude our Dominican operation in his list of grievances. come and fight us there rather than letting him call the The big surprise, however, was the relatively mild shots. Latin American comeback on this latter affair. Criticism In line with this, Norman reports another basic idea there was in plenty, of the standard pattern in such matters, which is included in the viewpoint of the Army thinkers: but there have been no serious anti-American riots so far The enemy gets no "privileged sanctuary" in Southeast reported, and one observer notes a general impression Asia as he did in Korea, where his men and resources among thinking Latin Americans that another Castro north of the Yalu were immune against air attack. This would have been far worse than the landing of our principle is already foreshadowed by what has been hap-

Marines. The Castro regime in Cuba has provided all pening to North Vietnam since February, and it could Latin Americans with an example of just what the bless- be extended to include Red China's industrial areas, sea- ings of the communist paradise amount to in Latin a ports and railways if China takes (Continued on page 45 )

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 13 THOMAS ALVA EDISON FOUNDATION THOMAS A. EDISON the man who invented almost everything

By ROBERT SILVERBERG

CAME ALONG too late to invent HEthe telegraph, so he had to be content with improving it. An- other man beat him to the telephone, though Edison went on to build a better one. He might have given us radio, but he overlooked a vital clue. He was busy with other things when the automobile and the airplane were developed. Those were inventions that Thomas Alva Edison never got around to making. Nearly all the rest of our modern technological miracles sprang from the fertile brain of this cantankerous, deter- mined, wholly improbable genius. The

list is awesome: Thomas Alva Edison holds the Edison-effect lamp, the first electronic instrument. From it

Electric lighting (and with it, elec- others developed the vacuum tube of radio, wireless telegraphy, radar and television.

tricity in the home) ; the telephone transmitter; the phonograph; motion pictures; multiplex telegraphy; the electric storage battery; mimeograph machine; and a less obvious, more abstract, highly significant invention: the industrial research laboratory. One man! Any one of these would have been a creditable life's work for an inventor. Edison's restless mind, though, turned from one enterprise to another in an end- less quest for mastery in a dozen fields.

If he had chosen to retain and exploit all his patents, he could have built a personal fortune to dwarf that of John D. Rockefeller. Money for Edison, however, was merely the means to finance new experiments, and, ahhough he died wealthy, he forfeited his chance to be a billionaire in order to carry on continued research. Born in that now inconceivably re- mote era of buggies and gaslight, Edison In 1875, Edison dashed off the first mimeograph machine, a "device for multiplying copies transformed the world about him, and of letters." He didn't bother to develop it, but sold it to the A. B. Dick Co., of Chicago. 14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER 1965 Electricity in the modern home and all the things it does today are direct descendents of Edison's invention of the electric light bulb. Having invented it, it was Edison who then pioneered the actual construction of city power plants and the wiring of homes.

RI.ACK STAR

Edison took ten years to develop the storage battery, whose Science hadn't even tried to record sound when Edison in- commonest use now is providing portable electricity for autos. vented the record player. He improved Bell's telephone, too.

lived long enough to ponder the problem of harnessing and using atomic energy. His father, Sam Edison, was a Canadian. Tall and powerful in build, he was by trade a carpenter, by choice an insurrec- tionist. Sam Edison's departure from Canada came abruptly in 1837, upon the failure of a movement to overthrow the

Royal Canadian Government. Legging it 80 miles through frozen woods, he crossed an ice-covered river into the United States, which he adopted as his new homeland. This sort of turbulence was traditional in the Edison family. The inventor's grandfather, John Edison of New Jersey, was a prosperous Tory who opposed the American Revolution and took up arms against George Washington's militiamen in 1776. Convicted of high treason by New Jersey's Council of Safety, John Edison was sentenced to be hanged, but was spared at the last moment and went into e.xile in Canada, where he sired a host of sons, the rebellious Sam Edison among them. Thomas Alva Edison joined this unruly line on a snowy February night in 1847, in Milan, Ohio. He showed promise The forerunner of today's voting machine (above) was Edison's {Continued on next page) vote recorder to supplant voice votes in state legislatures. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 15 1

CONTINUED THOMAS A. EDISON the man who invented almost everything

early of living up to the tradition of his individualistic father printing press that Edison had added to the laboratory also and grandfather. At the age of six he set a fire in Sam Edison's was thrown out. And, the story goes on, the angry conductor

barn "just to see what it would do," and received a parental boxed the boy experimenter's ears so severely that lifelong thrashing in the village square. That failed to deter him from deafness resulted. experiments of all sorts, though there were no more fires. It is a pathetic, picturesque tale, with a kind of Dickensian Dreamy and difficult, he had few friends, did poorly in charm, but it never happened—as Edison often tried to make school and struck his family and neighbors as an eccentric, clear. There was a fire, yes— in 1862, when he was nearly 15. dull-witted boy. Only his mother seemed to sense the potential The conductor did ask Edison to remove his laboratory from strength of his mind, and nurtured him on a diet of Shake- the train, though there was no ear boxing and no rude dump- speare, Dickens, and Gibbon's " Decline and Fall of the ing overboard. The printing press did not come aboard the Roman Empire." When Tom was nine, she offered him an train until some months after the incident of the fire. And elementary science text, Parker's "School of Natural Philoso- Edison's deafness had begun two years earlier, when a train- phy," which described chemical experiments that could be man trying to help him aboard a moving train pulled him by performed at home. It lit a fire in young Edison that blazed the ears and accidentally injured him. (Scarlet fever some for the next 75 years. vears earlier also may have affected his hearing.) The boy set up a home laboratory in a corner of the cellar. Edison's deafness further cut him off from the companion- Noxious odors filled the house, and occasionally there was ship of those about him and forced him to rely on inner the muffled sound of a small explosion. Hoping to carry resources. "I haven't heard a bird sing since I was twelve years Benjamin Franklin's work with electricity a stage further. old," he wrote sadly in his diary many years later. He plunged

CULVER PICTl RES EDISON VOICEWRITER—UIV. OF THOMAS A. EDISON INDUSTRIES

Edison observes a test of his Ediphone (left), the original of the dictating machines that are vital to today s business (above). young Edison wired the tails of two tomcats together and deep into a campaign of self-education, devouring books in vigorously rubbed their fur. This yielded no current but got wholesale lots, now Victor Hugo, now Isaac Newton, now him some bloody scratches. "Thomas Alva never had any Karl Fresenius' "Chemical Analysis." boyhood days," his father once observed. "His early amuse- Still supporting himself with his train job, he dabbled in ments were steam engines and mechanical forces." printing, publishing a small daily newspaper to be peddled on The elder Edison was usually in financial difficulties and the train, and grew more deeply interested in telegraphy. At his son took odd jobs in order to pay for the materials he 15, he strung a telegraph line more than half a mile to the needed. The summer he was 1 1, Tom raised several hundred home of a fellow newsboy. Somehow deafness was an advan- dollars by growing and marketing vegetables, and ploughed tage to him in telegraphy, for he was able to hear the clicking the money into his latest interest—telegraphy. The telegraph, of the instrument undistracted by surrounding noises. .Samuel F. B. Morse's handiwork, was new and exciting, the Soon Edison joined the ranks of the wandering telegraph biggest advance in communications since the domestication operators, a gypsy-like tribe of young men who worked in of the carrier pigeon. Edison built his own crude telegraph, one place only long enough to earn the money they needed then a more elaborate one. to move on. His roamings took him to towns in Michigan, At 12, he ended his formal education and went to work as Indiana and Ohio, then to Tennessee, Kentucky and at last a "candy butcher" on a new railway line. He peddled news- to Boston. He had great technical skill as a telegraph operator, papers, sandwiches and candy, working nearly from dawn to sending and receiving at a furious pace. More than that, midnight. Since the train made a long daily layover in Detroit, Edison showed a keen interest in the fundamental working he hatched the idea of installing his cellar laboratory in the of the device. He began to produce innovations of his own, baggage car, and using his free time for experiments. The such as a gadget for recording messages as they came in. It trainman agreed, and the test tubes, batteries and bottles came was a clever invention, particularly for a 17-year-old, but he aboard. had difficulty persuading his supervisors to use it. A famous (but probably untrue) story about Edison has He had difficulty keeping jobs, too. Self-centered, over- it that one day some chemicals caught fire aboard the train, imaginative, unwilling to accept discipline, Edison felt like a causing the conductor to toss the youthful experimenter out giant held down by pygmies, but the pygmies kept firing him. the door at the next stop, laboratory and all. Supposedly a His fondness for practical jokes did not enhance his employa-

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . SEPTEMBER 1965 CULVER I'ICTLRES WAIiS'ER BROS.—RADIO CITY MUSIC IL\M.

Left, Edison with a movie projector in 1897. The movie industry, with its epics now requiring 70-foot screens like Radio City's (right), grew from Edison's perfection of the first workable movie camera and projector, the kinetograph and kinetoscope, 1889-1890.

bility; once, bothered by fellow operators who forgot to put many years on this grand project, and after various detours

the office water dipper back by the common pail, he wired and dead-end stops he perfected it in 1875. It was an inven-

it to a battery so that anyone lifting it would get a mild shock. tion that brought him fame, but one that involved him in a Sensitive, awkward, tortured by deafness, conscious of his maze of patent suits that sapped his strength and soured his

own great capability but unable to put it to use, Edison spent disposition. a harrowing adolescence. He was respected for his trigger- While engaged in the seven-year struggle with telegraph fast telegraphy, but his uncouth ways and burning inner multiplexing, Edison turned out a host of minor inventions. drives made him an uncomfortable companion. After several The first was an electric vote recorder, for which he had

unhappy years working for Western Union in Boston, Edison high hopes; he planned to sell it to every legislature in the began to see that he had little future as an organization man. country, but the politicians proved cool to any device that

and at the age of 22 he set up shop as a free-lance inventor. would hasten the process of vote taking. "That is just what It was a bold venture. He had no capital, little business we do not want," a congressman told Edison, observing that experience, no assets but his surging ambition. Multiplex his machine would interfere with the right of the minority to telegraphy—the technique of sending more than one message filibuster. on the same line—now obsessed him. He was destined to spend He had better luck with the stock {Continued on page Al) THE NEW YORK TIMES

Edison's second patent, and the first to bring him money, dealt with his basic improvements of the stock market ticker. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 17 OHIO BOYS' STATE PHOTOS BY DAWSON JONES, DAYTON iKAT

Dr a sample of tl

lere's a glimpse (

The "Nationalist Party" convention responds to keynote address by Thad Garrett, of Akron.

HERE WE SHOW you gllmpses of 50 Boys' States held in 1965. Before a June, there were 45 counselors headed the 1965 Boys' State conducted final nose count was in it was estimated by Tarry Taylor, of Canton; five officers by The American Legion of that 28,000 high school juniors, spon- of the Ohio Highway Patrol; an office Ohio last June 10-18. 1,331 boys (an sored by their local Legion posts and and equipment staff of 12; a nurse in Ohio record) attended for a week's often supported by other community steady attendance; 10 representatives of practice in running their own city, groups, attended Legion Boys' States the Ohio State government; and a top county and state governments at Ohio this year. In July, two boys from each Buckeye Boys' State staff of 14, headed University in Athens, Ohio. They Boys' State went on to the national by Director William R. Welsh, in addi- brought total attendance in Ohio since version—a 100-boy conclave in Wash- tion, the permanent adult organization 1936 past the 25,000 mark. Total 25,429 ington, D.C., called Boys' Nation. Mean- included, besides the top staff, 10 past —in spite of cancellations in 1945 (gas while, The American Legion Auxiliary presidents, 39 trustees, four ex-officio rationing) and 1952 (flood). Mean- was conducting Girls' States and Girls' trustees and 17 commissioners. The boys while, this year, the Legion in other Nation. broke up into six "counties" and 24 states also held Boys' States for a total of To make Ohio Boys' State hum in "cities," altogether comprising a "state."

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 James Hope, Youngstown, and Michael Radcliffe, Worthington, plot tactics of "Federalist" campaign for Governor. When their man won, each was named to a state appointive office.

Briefing on parliamentary procedure.

ACER AS THEY were to get down to forming their own governments, the Ohio boys were first instructed by knowledgeable E adults on such things as parliamentary procedure (above) and legislative processes (right). The many boys who intended to seek offices administering laws also had to take a bar exam, after instruction. The instructors' authority was respected, as they included men from the state offices of Ohio's Attorney General. Auditor, Treasurer. Department of State and Department of Personnel. Prominent judges

and attorneys also participated. Before it was over every one of the 1,331 boys held some appointive or elective office in the format of Ohio's cities and counties and state government and learned its duties. (Continued on next page.) Briefing on legislative processes. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 19 A LOOK AT A BOYS' STATE (continued) THE CAMPAIGN FOR GOVERNOR A DULTS DID VERY little oncc the boys broke up into cities and counties. They /V were under their own steam to create city and county model governments,

J~ \. fight it out for offices in local elections, and cement two statewide parties in the coming battle for the governorship and establishment of a state administration. To get things moving fast, each boy did homework before arriving on the scene.

Bollinger campaigns.

Steve Bollinger, of Cincinnati (above), won the Nationalist nomination for Governor. He conducted a hard, able and serious campaign. But as the votes

A city government is formed. including reading the "Ohio Government Digest" and the "Citizens Handbook." Cities and counties were formed under trees, in separate rooms, and sitting on walls of the Ohio U. campus. Two parties, "Nationalists" and "Federalists" contested for control of every level of government, and in the process the boys lived the experi-

Running behind.

came in it was apparent that his party was running behind the more energetic Federalists. Any wise politician knows there's no more he can do when the votes are being counted, so Steve went out

Campaign signs hurriedly produced. ence of creating harmony among competing ambitions within their own groups for the good of the whole. After party tactics were set, there was hard 'precinct work" to be done, campaigning, buttonholing, persuading, wheedling votes, debating issues.

A county political huddle.

And there was elbow-grease work to be done, producing campaign signs and literature and planning the mechanics of rallies, amidst vote swapping and compromising galore.

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 F.HiND THE dynamic personality of their effervescent candidate, the Federalists cemented their victory with oratory, buttonholing, laying on of hands, and tireless campaigning that went on beyond sundown in the dormitory halls of Ohio U. far. far into the night. The Nationalists weren't working any less, but the Feds either had more charm- ers or made more of what they had. The winners reeked of party unity and spirit, a priceless, and not easily achieved, ingredient of successful politics anywhere. Once elected, un- like their elders, the Federalists put quite a few of the opposite party in appointive state jobs. (Continued on next page). A Federalist persuader.

Governor to-be Corbin Miller peels for action.

ORBiN Miller, of Dover, won the Governorship for the Federalists, whose whole party was animation personified. See William Miller, of Euclid, giving keynote speech (inset below) and Federalist response to keynoter (large photo below). The Federalists maintained an enthusiasm from start to finish that would be the envy of the Republicans or Democrats nationally.

With the Governorship his, Corbin Miller has the lonely Federalist keynote speech by William Miller—and response. job of preparing his acceptance speech for the Inauguration. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 21 A LOOK AT A BOYS' STATE (continued)

The Inauguration and swearing in of officers climaxed 1965 Buckeye Boys' State.

Inauguration climaxed Ohio Boys' State. Gov- kLiUU THEernor Corbin Miller's family came to Athens for the event, as their son and all the state officials were sworn in. Former Ohio Governor Judge C. William O'Neill gave the oaths of office to the elected state officers and the Supreme Court. Seen at right are the top youthful Administrative officers at the swearing in: Gov. Miller; Lt. Gov. Omar Cordial, of Columbus; Secretary of State James Harris, of North Jackson: State Treasurer Bruce Pitkin, of Akron; State Auditor Sterling Gill, of Columbus, and Attorney General Paul Lechner. of Worthington. Supreme Court Justices were: Chief Justice Doug Rogers, of Cortland; and Justices Brett Breitwieser. of Fairview Park; Stephen Gutrudge. of Columbus: Michael Holmes, of San- dusky: Stephen Schuler. of Oregon: Larry Sprague. of Williamsburg, and Hugh Terrell, of New Vienna. Elected to the State Court of Appeals were: John Dante, of Kent; Dennis Kolodze. of Cleveland, and Robert Snyder, of Warren. Once elected. Gov. Miller also named 32 others to top state appointive offices.

TWO WENT ON TO WASHINGTON'

Ohio Boys' State for 1965 passed into history, it was As not the end of the aflfair for two of 1,331 young men. L In the third week of July there remained American Legion Boys' Nation, run by the national Americanism Com- mission of The American Legion in the nation's capital. There, the pattern of the 50 Boys' States was repeated on the national level. But with 28,000 boys attending Boys' States,

a Boys' Nation is filled out to its limit of 100 youngsters by inviting a mere two from each Boys' State. While 1,329 Ohio youngsters went home with their memories of an outstanding experience at Athens. Omar Cordial, of Columbus, who'd been elected Lieutenant Governor of Ohio Boys' State, and James Snyder, of Xenia, a Nationalist who'd been appointed Tax Commissioner by Federalist Governor Corbin Miller, looked forward to packing their luggage again. Arriving in Washington in mid-July they were quartered in dormitories Omar Cordia James Snyder of the University of Maryland with 98 young men of similar caliber from all over the nation. There, with the savvy all with them. Cabinet Departments and other agencies and com- of them had picked up in their Boys' States, they again set missions of the Government showed them their premises and up a dummy government, this time a dummy government of prepped them in their functions, and they all visited the the United States. Again, in only a week's time, total strangers White House. Compared to a Boys' State. Boys' Nation is shaped themselves into Nationalist and Federalist parties, and an administrative snap for the responsible Legion officials. A

fought it out for national leadership in the actual political hundred boys is a handful compared to the many hundreds pattern of the nation. In Washington, the doors to the Capital at any Boys' State, and the sophistication gained by each boy were thrown open to them. Senators and Representatives in his brief week at his Boys' State sticks out like a sore thumb from their own states received them in their offices, lunched at Boys' Nation. With a new and visible maturity they take

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 charge of their responsibiUtics and chal- the Legion's Washington and New York lenges almost before they've unpacked offices. The whole program grew out of their bags. For Boys' Nation counselors the Premier Boys' State, of the Illinois the Legion draws largely on men who American Legion, started on the Fair have been to Boys' Nation or a Boys' Grounds at Springfield, III., back in State in the past, and on volunteers from 1935, under the drive of two Legion- among the enormous cadre of adult naires, Hayes Kennedy and Harold Legionnaires who have administered Card. It took hold rapidly in other states. their own Boys' States. Director of Boys' Today about 450,000 boys have attended Nation this year, and for many years, is a Boys' State since 1935. and of the boys Legionnaire Harold Eaton of the Rutgers now in American high schools at any

University staff, who is also the longtime one time, more than 100,000 will attend Director of the New Jersey Boys' State, one before they graduate. held annually on the Rutgers campus in The national American Legion started New Brunswick, N.J. The administra- Boys' Nation to cap the program in 1946. tive staff is the staff of national Legion Here, Ohio's Cordial and Snyder are

Americanism Director Maurice T. seen at Boys' Nation, and on page 3 1 is Snyder and Cordial wish each other luck. Webb, based in Indianapolis, aided and more general coverage of Boys' Nation assisted as needed by statT members of this year. Easton Hall steps at U. of Mary- ONland, Jim Snyder and Omar Cordial are set to begin Boys' Nation. Both are 17, athletically inclined, and active in extra-curricular affairs. Snyder, 5' 11", 170 lbs., goes to Woodrow Wilson H. S.. and was sponsored bv Foody-Cornwell

Post 95 of Xenia. Cordial, 6 ft., 155 lbs., attends Marion Franklin H. S. in Colum- bus and was sponsored by Southway Post 144. Though roommates, they were politically opposed with Jim a Federalist,

Each boy seeks nomination from his party.

and Omar a Nationalist. Both unsuccess- fully sought presidential nomination. Snyder later was appointed Secretary of the Treasury. Cordial hopes to go to West Point and then perhaps a career in politics. Snyder wants law school, then

politics. "Some day I'll be in Congress," says he. On this and the next page are photos of their week's activities in the nation's capital. (Conliiiiii'd on next page)

On chow line under Boys' Nation plaque. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 23 -

-TWO WENT ON TO WASHINGTON (continued)

At the Lincoln Memorial the boys stop to chat and sight-see. The 20th Boys' Nation session over, the boys head home.

Cordial—three-time president of his rocket club—gazes at Prof. Tight Boys' Nation schedule allows Omar a brief visit Robert Goddard exhibit on rocketry at the Smithsonian Institution. with parents who were visiting Washington, D.C. the END 24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 —

(Readers nui\ find this .series of value on future motor trips or of interest to students of American history. We siti^i^est SEEING HISTORIC AMERICA #15 yon clip and save each as it appears.} A travel series for motorists By ALDEN STEVENS Field Director, Mobil Travel Guide

VIRGINIA City, Nev., one of the great gold and silver boom towns of the past, is almost unique today in its gen- uineness as a tourist attraction. It stands

pretty much as it was in its heyday without having been restored, and is located on state route 17, some 23 miles southeast of Reno. Its population, once approximately 35,000 (including Mark

Twain) is now about 500. Almost a billion dollars in silver and gold were taken

from its Comstock Lode between 1859 and 1878. when the bonanza ended. From 1878 until 1920 and even later, sporadic attempts were made to work the lode (which runs under the city) but the glory days were over—the rich ore was gone.

Above, Virginia City today. It is a mecca for tourists interested in the Old West.

VIRGINIA CITY, NEY

and the bartenders are full of tall tales. mountains of Nevada are to the east. Territorial Secre- Orion Clemens was The Sutro Tunnel, which cost $4.5 mil- Lake Tahoe is about 30 miles west in tary 1861-1864. his of Nevada from and lion, is closed, but you can peer into its the Sierra Nevada. This famous 200- brother Samuel (better known as Mark entrance six miles west and 1 .800 feet square-milc lake offers fishing, boating, Twain) wrote for the Virginia City below the town. It drained the hot. sul- swimming and in winter—especially at Territorial Enterprise ( later revived by phurous water previously pumped from Squaw Valley near its northern end. Lucius Beebe). The immortal Mark told the mines at great expense, and provided scene of the 1961 Winter Olympics of his Nevada days in "Roughing It." excellent winter sports. Carson Cit\ . the

In the 1870's, Virginia City had 110 country's colorful smallest capital, is 17

saloons, six churches, the only elevator miles away, and there is Reno. too. between Chicago and San Francisco and one of the most ingenious engineering 1965 Motel and Restaurant info:

projects of its day—the Sutro Tunnel. ( Motels and hotels in Virginia City are not elegant or luxurious. They match the frontier Edwin Booth, Lily Langtry. Maude character of the town.) Good—Sugar Loaf Adams, Buffalo Bill Cody. Mme. Helena Motel, C St.. 3 blocks south of town's center. Remodeled 100-vear-old smokehouse. 3 rooms Modjeska and Artemus Ward all per- Tel: 1461. Good—Silver Dollar Hotel. C & Union Sts. 14 rooms, 1 private, 2 public baths. formed at Pipers Opera House, which Original old-time mining town hotel, built 18 "6. still stands on B Street. Antiques, charm. Tel: 481. Ea:ce!(enf—Edith Palmer's Country Inn Restaurant. B St. Con- After the mines were closed. Virginia tinental cuisine. Reservations i-equired. Closed Mon.. also Jan.. Feb. Six comfortable guest City drifted into the doldrums common a cheap way to get the ore out. while rooms available. Tel: 43. (Many other motels among ghost-mining towns. Most of the offering the miners an escape route in and restaurants are in Carson City, 17 miles southwest and in Reno. 23 miles north. See old buildings still stand, however (some case of fire. It was finished in 1878. just Mobil Travel Guide to California and the West.1 of them lean a little). A number of the in time for the end of the mining era. splendid mansions, authentically refur- The canny Adolph Sutro. who conceived Your visit to any historic area is

nished, the beautiful Catholic Church and dug it. sold it for a nice profit. He greatly enriched if you read about it called St. Mary's of the Mountains. later became mayor of San Francisco. first. An excellent and exciting account Pipers Opera House and "The Way It Virginia City is surrounded by places of Virginia City is given in George W. Was," a mining museum, are open. to see and things to do. (Take your Lyman's "Ralston's Ring: California Many of the old saloons are thriving camera.) The spectacular block fault Plunders the Comstock Lode."

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 25 — —— 1

WASHINGTON PRO* CON OPPOSING VIEWS ON OUR PRESENT FARM POLICY BY

DO COMMODITY PROGRAMS YES Rep. Harold D. Cooley (D-N.C.) We now seek to shore up the income of farmers by 4th District innovations, principally by voluntary production re- COMMODITY PROGRAMS help duction involving subsidies and great expense. I am farmers, and they help the eager to reduce these costs, but I must concede the nation. In the 1920's, U.S. agri- price is cheap for what we are buying for the whole culture entered a devastating nation and the free world, through these programs. We recession. Farmers called for must keep in mind that if all the costs were added to help. The rest of the economy the price of food, Americans still would be spending then—as today—was running only about 19'/( of their disposable income for food high. The farmers' cries scarcely far less than any other people. were heard. The ruin of agriculture plunged our whole Farmers comprise the only major segment of our economy into the Great Depression of the 1930's. The economy who cannot put a price on their products but country—belatedly—realized the importance of farm must go into the market place and ask: "What will prosperity to the health of the whole economy. you give me?" Farmers sell at auction. Other pro- The parity principle was established in the 1930's ducers in our free enterprise system place a price tag as the measure of agriculture's imbalance with other on what they present to the markets. Why are farmers great segments of the economy, and as a goal for jus- so disadvantaged? tice to the millions in agriculture. Since farmers are not a group but are millions of The results were phenomenal. Farm income multi- separate competing enterprises, they are capable of plied to eight-fold. For the 11 years preceding 1953, producing themselves into bankruptcy, as many al- give average prices paid farmers were at or above 100% ready have done. Commodity programs seek to of parity with the rest of the economy. farmers bargaining power in the market place by pro- The government supported prices of major storable viding them with the means of adjusting supply to (basic) crops for 20 years (1933-52) and made a profit demand. of $13 million. The nation accepted the parity principle Moreover, these programs, while helping farmers, all well as food for agriculture as sound and just. assure abundance for our people, as Then farm policy changed, as did Administrations, and fiber for millions of people in the free world, 11 years ago. Production adjustment was deempha- and contribute immeasurably beyond their cost to the strength of sized, price supports were lowered, and the parity stability of the total economy and to the principle was deprecated. our nation. I have resisted at every turn the weakening of the old farm program that worked so well for so long. Nevertheless, the new philosophy—lessening restraints on wasteful production and lowering price supports prevailed. Agriculture again benefits least in the re- wards of our free enterprise system.

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel ^jj^ on this big issue, fill out the "ballot" on the facing page and mall it to him -h 4

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 —

REPRESENTATIVES HAROLD D. COOLEY, N.C., AND PAUL FINDLEY, ILL

REALLY HELP FARMERS?

Rep. Paul Findley (R-lll.) ton has lost a big part of its U.S. market to synthetics 20th District and has not kept pace with expanding world markets, TODAY, MORE THAN 30 years because controls have pegged prices too high. after the Great Depression, • They curb efficiency. Under controls, farmers farm crop-control programs rarely can use their resources to best advantage. geared to the days of the Model • U.S. Department of Agriculture spending has not "T" Ford are still with us and boosted real net farm income. Since 1960, spending is in deep trouble. They are ill- up $2.5 billion, but net farm income (adjusted to ex- suited to the needs of a modern clude U.S. payments to farmers) is down $700 million. agriculture. They spur surplus The main beneficiary of crop controls is the soaring production at a pace which thwarts every scheme de- payroll of employees needed to run the programs. vised by government planners to adjust output to de- What can be done? First, let's decide on goals. mand. They currently cost taxpayers $4.5 billion a Our objective should be U.S. agriculture directed year. Have these programs materially helped farm in- by consumer demand, not by bureaucrats. come? Facts and figures say "no." Farmers should be able to compete for markets on • The farm parity ratio—which relates the prices the most efficient basis, so they can win expanding uses for their products. Today's in- farmers must pay with prices they receive—is at the programs reward lowest point since the Depression thirties. efficiency and destroy markets. Government dumping, • Commodities covered by crop-control programs which drives down market prices, must stop. wheat, cotton, tobacco, feed grains and rice—are the These goals can be achieved by enacting my pro- ones in the worst trouble. posal, H.R. 1595. It would end artificial government • Beef, hogs, poultry, fruits and vegetables—to price-control and supply-control of wheat and feed name a few commodities not under control programs grains. It would allow consumer demand, acting are in a better price position. Carry-over surpluses are through market prices, to direct agricultural produc- unknown. For these commodities, the market system tion. To cushion the transition period, it would pro- adjusts supply to demand effectively and promptly. vide a three-year program of land retirement, costing • Crop-control programs actually put a ceiling on less than half the present programs. farm prices. Here's why: Under my proposal, farmers would have the oppor- They fly in the face of supply and demand forces, tunity to compete efficiently for expanding markets, and consequently pile up huge surpluses in govern- and taxpayers would be relieved of a heavy burden. ment warehouses, now amounting to about $7 billion. The government can and does use these stocks to drive down market prices and keep them down. • They tend to price farm products out of the market and encourage competing products and imports. Cot-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

IN MY OPINION COMMODITY PROGRAMS I have read in The American Legion Magazine DO DO NOT REALLY HELP FARMERS.

for September the arguments in PRO & CON: SIGNED ..

Do Commodity Programs Really Help Farmers? ADDRESS

TOWN „. STATE..

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 27 —

strong fishline, toss it over a dry dead branch and pull down the branch by pulling on both ends of the line. It will be brittle ROD 6^ GUN and will snap off easily.

CLUB . NEW STYLES IN HUNTING SUITS will be offered hunters this fall. Called Vist-O- Flage, they're a camouflage design but instead of being in shades of green and The Excitement of Bonefishing brown, they're in varying shades of red. Tests show they're more visible to other hunters, but less visible to animals, which EVER a boncfish in shallow When you feel the tug, strike hard and hang IF YOU HOOK are color blind. Knees and seat are padded sub-tropical waters you'll never forget on while the reel screams as the fish rockets inside, and there are plenty of snap-flapped the experience. And maybe you'll never toward deep water. And hold the rod as pockefs. Made by Game Winner, Inc.. of want to fish for anything else again. This high as possible over your head so the line Atlanta, Ga., and the price is about $20 for "silver bullet" is one of the fightingest fish won't snick off on a piece of sharp bottom either a gun hunter's or bow hunter's suit. that swims. You'll find it in abundance off coral. the Bahamas and the Florida Keys, espe- After several such runs, you boat your BOAT SPEEDOMETERS usually are ex- cially around Marathon. Fla. The time to fish, weigh it. then release it unless you want pensive gadgets, but this one isn't. It's the fish for it is on a rising tide which it fol- it for mounting. A bonefish has other bones Speed Wand for $4.95. a clear plastic tube lows into eight to 12 inches of water to feed besides the two crunchers in its throat which you dip about 4 inches below the on hermit crabs. It roots them from their enough of them to discourage you from at- surface while the boat is moving, then lift sand burrows with its pig-like snout, then tempting to eat it. The world's record is a out. Water is forced up into the tube and cracks their shells between two opposing 19-pounder caught off Zululand. South is trapped in it by a small brass ball. You bones in its throat. These bones give the fish Africa, but Florida anglers have lost larger read the speed at a point on a scale reached ones, usually because they haven't had by the water level, like reading a thermom- enough line on their reels. The nice thing eter. The tube can be emptied again by about bonefishing is that the fish are there unscrewing its top. Made by Waukegan

all year "round. Another is that if you're Boating Products Co. of Waukegan. III. prone to seasickness, you needn't worry; you never fish more than a few hundred MOST ACCURATE CASTING ROD feet from shore. At Marathon in the Keys, EVER MADE, is the way its maker de- a guide charges $50 per day for two anglers, scribes a revolutionary new rod called the but when you finally head for the dock you Tliiim Caster. The long handle curves down- wouldn't swap that day's bonefishing for a ward with a spincasting reel attached under- million dollars.

THE INDIANS NEVER HAD ONE OF THESE—a telescopic sight for bow shooting. The Bow Scope is made by Bushnell of Pasadena. Calif. It magnifies 1.3 times, mounts on the side of the bow. and has a special 4-degree prism eyepiece which en- ables the shooter to hold high and thus allow for the trajectory of the arrow. It also has adjustments for windage and ele-

vation like a rifle scope. It is. in fact, a variation of Bushnell's handgun scope. In

The bonefish takes off In a hurry. tests, it has increased accuracy 80%. Price, including mounts and prism, about $47.45. its name. Its body is brilliant silver with a greenish back, and although it's almost cy- FOR STILL-FISHING FROM SHORE, lindrical in shape, it is long and sleek, taper- you need a good rod holder—unless you ing to a widely forked tail which gives the want to hold the rod in your hands all day! fish tremendous swim-power. A 10-pounder Albert Carlson of Wayne, Neb., recom- can strip 200 yards of monofilament off 2'/2- mends one that's easy to make. Take a The revolutionary new "Thum Caster." your spinning reel so fast your reel's drag inch tomato can, cut out both ends and bolt will burn up unless you've got a good one. it to one end of a 2-foot stake which has neath it at the butt. The line passes upward You can catch bonefish by still-fishing been sharpened on the other end. Drive the through the handle to the top of the rod, from an anchored skiff with a live shrimp stake into the ground, set the rod handle enabling the caster to time his cast exactly or crab or a chunk of conch on a 3/0 hook, through the open can, and you can relax by thumb pressure on the line. Novices, but this way you'll also snag shark, barra- while waiting for a fish to bite. especially, should find this rod easy to use. cuda and ray. For the most sport, cast to Price: $24 from Henson Corp., Colorado a visible bonefish, using the same bait or a AN ILLUMINATED TACKLE BOX for Springs, Colo. streamer or plug on either spinning, fly or night fishing is an easy do-it-yourself proj- baitcasting tackle. As the guide poles the ect, according to Richard Reed of White LURE POLISHING TIPS ARE NUMER- skiff across the flats, you stand at the bow Bear Lake, Minnesota. He simply wires OUS but John Ball of Highland Springs, and watch for fish with the aid of polaroid two flashlight batteries in series with a bulb VirginTa, has a way to keep lures from tar- glasses which eliminate surface glare. It and mercury switch so that when he opens nishing in the first place. He sprays them may be a gray shadow, or the fish's tail the box. the light automatically goes on. with clear lacquer from an aerosol can. breaking the surface as it roots in the sand. In fact, he says, any snap-switch will do, If have a helpful idea for this feature If the shadow is stationary, it's a barracuda but it must be operated by hand. you send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you or shark. But if it's continually moving, it's $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- a bonefish. And you must cast right now IS on the WHEN FIREWOOD SCARCE turn, or enter into correspondence concern- before it swims of range. out Cast about 10 ground, you can still find lots of it on the ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, feet ahead of it and 10 feet beyond it. then trees and it's apt to be drier, writes Robert The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth work the bait or lure back in front of it. Kraft of Macon, Georgia. Tie a rock to a Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019.

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 «

A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS hmh h h h h_ NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU SEPTEMBER 1965

EFFORT TO PREVENT SOCIAL SECURITY suffer a loss of $32 a month as a INCREASE FROM REDUCING INCOME result of getting a Social Security OF PENSIONED VETERANS FAILS: increase of $8.40. The new Social Security bill, in Most pensioned veterans and vet- addition to providing Medicare, also erans' widows whose Social Security allows for a 7 percent increase in increase raises their total non- cash Social Security benefits, but the pension income to the next higher latter will be bad news to an esti- ste p in the VA scale of permissible- mated 12,000 to 18,000 war veterans income-f or-pension will suffer a and veterans' widows who — because net loss as a result of the Social of poverty and disability— are Security increase . . . Pensioners pensioned by the Veterans Administra- whose increase does not cross one of

tion . . . The increase in Social the step-lines will not suffer the Security cash payments will cost them penalty of this "benefit." more in lost VA pensions than they will gain in Social Security in- VA CANCELS DIRECTIVE

creases . . . Small Social Security TO GIVE PHS PATIENTS increases will take many pensioned HOSPITAL PRIORITY OVER VETS: veterans into an income bracket In a July 2 letter to a Congres- which—while still within the govern- sional committee, the Veterans Admin- ment definition of "poverty" — will istration said that it had cancelled automatically cut back or eliminate a directive to certain VA hospitals their VA pension eligibility, the to give merchant seamen a priority

loss in pension being greater than in admittance over veterans . . . The the Social Security incre a se original order had been part of a A pensioned veteran whose sole non- "cross-servicing" arrangement be- VA-pension income is $105 a month tween the VA and the Public Health Social Security will now get $112.50 Service — both of which are having Social Security, an increase of hospitals closed—whereby the VA $7.30 . . . This will cause his VA would absorb some of the PHS pa-

pension to be cut back from $100 a tients . . . The American Legion had month to $75 a month, a loss of $25 a protested that the arrangement was

month, a net loss of $17.70 a month, ille gal , as had the House Committee

a net loss of $212.40 a year ... As on Government Operations . . . The his total income including VA pension latter was reinforced in its opinion before this "benefit" is only $2,460, by a decision of the Comptroller the "benefit" will hurt like a kick General that while the VA and the in the teeth. PHS could arrange to swap patients Sen. Jack Miller (Iowa) succeeded in theory, PHS patients could not be in getting an amendment added to the g iven a p riority over veterans in Social Security bill in the Senate VA hospitals—nor could room to the effect that no pensioned for them in VA hospitals be created

veteran should suffer a loss in bene- by an artificial pretext . . . The fits as a result of the new Social VA, in withdrawing instructions to Security increases ... In adopting some of its hospitals to give Miller's amendment many Senators merchant seamen a priority over vet- applauded it, stating that it was erans, also announced that it did not their intention to hurt anyone not propose to issue any general in raising the Social Security regulations establishing such pri-

rates . . . But the Veterans Adminis- ority . . . VA Chief William Driver tration opposed the Miller amend- communicated the change of policy ment, and in the final joint House- to Rep. L. H. Fountain (N.C.), Senate conference on the Social Chairman of the Intragovernmental Security bill, the amendment was Sub-Committee of the House Committee knocked out . . . Sen. Miller had on Governmental Operations ... He quoted an actual case of a pensioned said, in part: "I have not approved veteran in Pennsylvania who would any formal regulation to give mer-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 , .

CONTINUED VETERANS NEWSLETTER chant seamen priority over veterans direct financial assistance to the seeking hospital admission for children of needy veterans to grants- non-service-connected conditions in-aid for research projects seeking and I do not propose to issue such a causes and cures for children's dis- regulation. Some time ago a tele- eases, and including financial aid to gram providing such a priority on an law enforcement officers whose work interim basis for merchant seamen involves the problem of juvenile de- was sent to certain VA hospitals linquency, the report said. currently affected. However, this directive has been cancelled ..." GOV'T SEEKS VOLUNTEERS FOR WORK IN POVERTY PROGRAM: BATAAN-CORREGIDOR VETS PLAN One of the aspects of the govern- 1967 VISIT TO PHILIPPINES: ment's anti-poverty drive is its A 25th anniversary pilgrimage to program for volunteer workers in pov- the Philippines of veterans who de- erty centers in the 50 states, D.C., fended Bataan and Corregidor in Pacific Islands Trust Territories, 1942, as well as parents of men who the Virgin Islands and Puerto died there or in prison camps, is Rico . . . Sometimes misnamed the being planned for 1967 .... Or- "Home Front Peace Corps," the pro- ganizing group is "The American De- gram's proper name is VISTA, for fenders of Bataan and Corregidor." "Volunteers in Service to America."

. . . Interested persons may learn . . . VISTA isn't going to attract more about the pilgrimage by contact- volunteers the way the Peace ing the organization's executive di- Corps did ... It has more rough rector for planning: Sig Schreiner, duty than glamour . . . Basically, a P.O. Box 764, Norwalk, Connecticut VISTA volunteer will both work and

. . . . Phone (203) 846-1000 . . . live in a hard-core poverty area, be Membership in the organization is not it a city slum or an Indian reser- a requisite for joining the pilgrim- vation or a rural backwash— and his age, Mr. Schreiner has advised "News- work will deal directly with some letter. " aspect of helping the poor to help

themselves . . . Anyone who ' s squeam- LEGION 40-YEAR CHILD WELFARE ish about the seamy siae of life CONTRIBUTIONS TOP $200 MILLION: need not apply ... A VISTA volun- In addition to an unmeasured con- teer will become part of a regimented tribution in man-hours and woman- corps, committed to a one-year tour hours, and in addition to significant of duty ... He or she will be legislative accomplishments for the credited with $50 a month to be paid benefit of America's children. The at the completion of the tour of American Legion and its affiliates duty, will get a small subsistence had, by this June, directly con- allowance and medical care ... No tributed to child welfare in America a one under 18 need apply, no one with dollar total in excess of $200 mil- dependents under 18 need apply . . . l ion , since the Legion's national If a volunteer is married, both

Child Welfare program was formally spouses must apply and qualify . . . adopted in 1925, according to a July An applicant max turn down an as- 14 announcement of National Com- signment and still be eligible for mander Donald E. Johnson. another . . . There are no stipulated

Financial contributions to child educational requirements . . . This welfare for the fiscal year ended invitation to rugged service will June 1, 1965, set a new one-year probably be attractive to a small record of $8,379,097.32, the report percentage of retired people who can said . . . Figures cover reports re- afford the personal sacrifice and ceived from the local to the national are itching to take on a tough j ob level from all units of the Legion, that uses their skills , and appeals the Auxiliary, and the Eight and to a missionary spirit ... It is not Forty, and the total amount reported restricted to retired people, how- over 40 years comes to $202,337,- ever . . . For more info, write;

144.09 . . . The funds have been used VISTA, Dep't A^ Washington, D.C. in numerous ways, ranging from 20506.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 O F T H E NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS SEPTEMBER 1965 Arizona Boy Wins Presidency of The Legion's Boys' Nation

Ron McCoy, son of cowboy star Tim McCoy, wins top post by 68-32 vote; Jim Pridgeon of Calif., is v.p. as delegates split ticket; "senators" have busy week.

The 100 Senators of the 1965 Ameri- ber, was for many years a popular Holly- can Legion Boys" Nation, representing wood cowboy movie star during the days more than 28.000 Boys' State delegates of Buck Jones, Ken Maynard, Bob Steele around the country, elected Ronald Tim- and others. othy McCoy, 17, of Nogales. Ariz., as Ron, a husky blond youth close to 6

their President on July 20, 1965. during ft. tall, and running as a "Federalist," Boys' Nation sessions held at the Uni- defeated his "Nationalist" opponent. versity of Maryland just outside Wash- Burton C. Smith. Jr.. 16. a high school ington, D.C. senior from West Palm Beach. Fla.. by The 20th Annual Boys' Nation, a teen- a vote of 68 to 32. The convention later age federal government study sympo- voted to make the election by acclama- sium, sponsored by The American Le- tion. gion's National Americanism Commis- Once again the Boys' Nation delega- sion, was held July 16-23 and brought tion split the ticket and elected the "Na- together two high school student dele- tionalist" candidate for Vice President. gates from each Boys' State with the ex- James S. Pridgeon. 17, of Chula Vista, ception of Alaska and Hawaii. Two sena- Calif., defeated "Federalist" candidate tors each from the District of Columbia Douglas K. Earl, 17. of Moses Lake, and the Panama Canal Zone brought the Washington, by a vote of 80-20 which complement up to 100. was also later changed to election by ac- The 1965 Boys' Nation President. Ron clamation. McCoy, is the son of Col. and Mrs. Tim President McCoy, a senior at Nogales

McCoy. Tim McCoy, you may remem- High School, was City Clerk, City Coun- Boys' Nation group tours the Capitol.

cilman. Precinct Committeeman, and Secretary to the Governor at Arizona

Boys' State. He is Junior Class Represen- tative for his Student Council. President of the Maroon Masque (a drama society) and a member of the National Thespian Society, the Debate Club and

the National Honor Society. Football is his sport. Vice President Pridgeon. the son of

Mr. and Mrs. James M. Pridgeon. is a senior at Hilltop Senior High School in Chula Vista. His extra-curricular activities include being Key Club Vice Presi- dent, Squires Secretary, and Debate Squad Leader. He likes golf and football

and is a member of the Student Congress and the National Forensic League. At California Boys' State he was Federalist Party Chairman and Director of the De- partment of Public Health. He is also a Boy Scout. Boys' Nation is the natural outcome of the various Boys' States. Two senators are selected from each participating Boys' States where the youths get involved in community and state govern- Pres. McCoy (glasses) and Vice Pres. Pridgeon pause at White House to shake hands. ment. Boys' Nation takes the politically- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 31 Photo left shows serious caucusing during Boys' Nation election. At right, Washington TV station interviews some of the delegates.

oriented young men into federal govern- in employment, education and voting, Service Commission Chmn John W. ment oflfices and problems. more reciprocal foreign trade agree- Macy, Jr., during their visit to that de- At the University of Maryland, where ments, more economic and social aid to partment of the government. the senators were quartered during their South American republics, a major edu- Secretary Rusk's address to the group week-long stay, they were arbitrarily sep- cational and economic aid program to was carried on nationwide television by arated into two equal-sized political help the American Indian, and the full CBS-TV. During the week some of the parties, the "Federalists," and the "Na- mobilization of U.S. resources to defeat youths were interviewed by local TV tionalists." the enemies of democracy and freedom news shows. Others appeared on TV- From that point on, within time- in South Vietnam. taped shows with the U.S. Senators from tested guidelines and without much in- When not in session the "senators" vis- their states. terference from their American Legion ited Arlington National Cemetery, the On Monday, July 19, more than 75 Boys' Nation counselors headed by Di- grave of the late President John F. Ken- U.S. Senators and 40 Congressmen had rector Harold Eaton (N.J.), they set up nedy, the Tomb of the Unknown Sol- lunch with the boys from their respective political party structures, elected conven- diers, the Supreme Court, the Capitol, states when the youths visited the Cap- tion and party chairmen, ran a "na- the Pentagon, the Smithsonian Institu- itol. The boys also rode the Senate sub-

tional" election, and operated their own tion, the White House, the F. B. I., the way, ate in the Senate dining room, and "national" government. Department of State, the Civil Service listened to the business of both houses The "senators" also discussed and Commission, and the Lincoln, Jefferson from the public galleries. voted on two bills: Senate Joint Resolu- and Washington Monuments. National Commander Donald E.

tion 1 which deals with presidential suc- Associate Justice Tom Clark ad- Johnson. National Adjutant E. A. Black-

cession in cases where the President is dressed the boys at the Supreme Court more, and National Americanism Com- unable to perform his duties; and. Sen- detailing the court's history and function. mission Chmn Daniel J. O'Connor

ate Joint Resolution 37 which proposes At the Pentagon, despite the Vietnam (N.Y. ) also addressed the Boys' Nation to amend the Constitution of the U.S. crisis, and indicative of the esteem in during their week in the nation's capital. so that the various state legislatures can which Boys' Nation is held, the delegates Two past Boys' Nation Presidents vis- be reapportioned. were accorded the high privilege of be- ited with the 1965 delegation. They Each party also wrote platforms on ing addressed by members of the Joint were: Jeffrey Bauer of Boulder, Colo., which their candidates ran. Among the Chiefs of Staff. Speakers included: the the 1964 Boys" Nation President; and planks selected by the "Federalists" Honorable Norman S. Paul, Assistant Jeffrey Jarvis of Ft. Worth, Tex., the were: expansion of the space program, Secretary of Defense for Manpower; 1961 President, and now a cadet at the study and possible reorganization of the Gen. Harold K. Johnson, Chief of Staff, Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, present welfare system, elimination of U.S. Army; Adm. David L. McDonald, Colo. the electoral college in national elections Chief of Naval Operations, U.S. Navy; President McCoy's Cabinet appoint- and the use of a direct popular vote, Gen. Richard C. Mangrum, Assistant ments for the 1965 American Legion action on the problems of air and water Commandant, U.S. Marine Corps; and Boys' Nation are: Secretary of State, pollution, creation of more national Gen. William H. Blanchard, Vice Chief John T. Waters; Secretary of Treasury, parks, and the continuation of silver in of Staff. U.S. Air Force. James D. Snyder; Secretary of Defense, U.S. coins. Secretary of State Dean Rusk also J. David Nutt; Secretary of Army, James Among the "Nationalist" platform found time in a crowded schedule to Pannell; Secretary of Navy, James E. planks were calls for: continued and in- speak to the delegates during their visit Boyers, Jr.; Secretary of Air Force, creased emphasis on equal opportunity to the State Department as did Civil Douglas K. Earl; Attorney General,

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SE PTEMBER 1965 NEWS

Stephen Jigger; Postiucisier General, Mi- chael F. Adams; Secretary of Interior, James L. Ruzicka; Secretary of Agricul- ture, Walter R. Buss; Secretary of Com- merce, Leslie E. McAlister; Secretary of Labor, James R. Kiefer; and Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Van E. Ham.

Legion Boys' Nation "Senators"

ALABAMA: George E. Culver, Jr., Munford; Robert Parker, Montgomery. ARIZONA: Ronald T. McCoy, Nogales; John T. ^Vaters, Phoenix. ARKANSAS: Leslie E. McAlister,

Jonesboro; John E. 'l ucker, Nortli Little Rock. CALIFORNLl: James S. Pridgeon, Chulii Vista; Joseph P. Jackson, Lancaster. COLORADO: Michael D. Ruime, Pueblo; i'hoinas J. Toniazin, Lamar. CONNECTL CUT: Stephen P. Fauteux, East Hartford; F. David Ploss, Wethersfield. DELAWARE:

[ames H. Pooley, W'ihningtoii , Francis M. Ryan, Dover. DIST. OF COLUMBLl: John J. Carmody, Jr.; George R. Keys, fr. FLOR- Associate Justice Tom Clark briefs Boys' Nation senators during Supreme Court visit. IDA: Burton C. .Smith, Jr., ll'esl Palm Beach; William J. C. Turner, Ocala. GEOR- GIA: James L. Pannel, Atlanta; James E. Boyers, Jr., Thoiuaston. ID.IHO: John R. larp, liazellon; Jcllrey W. Hancs, Burley. ILLINOIS: Walter R. Buss, Olney; Rodney G. Peacock, Champaign. I\'DLL\A: Phillip K.. Meyers, .ingola; James R. Kiefer, Lafay- ette. IOWA: J homas C. Shives, Newton; Derrick R. Franck, Denisoii. K.LWS.IS: John C. Peterson, I'opeka; J. David Nuti, Bald- luin. KENTUCKY: John T. Cook, George- town; Fim R. Fulrell, Cadiz. LOUISIANA: Raphael J. Rabalais, Jr., New Orleans; Leo H. Alberts, Jr., Abita Springs. MAINE: George S. Isaacson, Auburn; Manning L. Jackson, Jr., Auburn. MARYL.IND: Ron- dall A. Young, Hagerstown; Philip F. Zale- sak, Takoma Park. MASSACHUSETTS: Ed- ^vard M. Macierow.ski, Springfield; Stephen .\. Jigger, Newton. MICHIGAX: Eric C. T. Hanson, Saginatv; Charles F. Hartlerode, Eau Claire. MINNESOT.l: Ronald J. So- berg, Duluth: James R. Ahlfors, .llexandria. MISSISSIPPI: \'an E. Ham, Greenville; Louie B. Barnes, IIL Cartilage. AUSSOURI: James J. Walsh, .S7. Louis: Richard A. Dyer, Buckner. MONTANA: Leslie L. Kitzenberg, Plenlywood: John M. Hutchinson, Missoula. NEBRASKA: Terry L. Petrzclka, Prague; Special Agent Robert Rebein shows boys through the captured gun room at the F. B. I. Randall Reeves. Omaha. NEVADA: Ter- rencc E. Horgan, Reno: Rene C. .\rceneaux, I. as Vegas. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Raymond A. Bibeau, Nashua; Richard H. C..m\, Inter- vale. NEW JERSEY: Michael A. Minor, E. Paterson; Roger P. Sauer, Ridgewood. NEW MEXICO: Joe D. Jacobs, Hobbs; Ravmond G. Franchini, Roswell. NEW YORK: Harold P>. Sanderson, Jr., Seneca Falls: Danny Wil- liams, Buffalo. NORTH CAROLINA: Peter

F. . Powell. Clinton; James L. Whitneld, Jr., Raleigh. NORTH DAKOTA: John T. San- dager, Fargo: Daniel E. Mavcr, Bismarck. OHIO: Omar R. Cordial, IL Columbus; James D. Snyder, Xenia. OKLAHOMA: Buddy Robertson, Ponca City; .Mfred Ferrer, IIL Lnwton. OREGON: Edward A. Lemma! Portland: James L. Ruzicka, Portland. PAN- AMA, C. 7..: Duke Wilson. Balboa; Ken- neth M. Bernstein, Cristobal. PFNNS)L- VANIA: John A. Stidd. Huntingdon; Ron- ald L. Stryker, Tyrone. RHODE I SI. AND: Dennis F. .\ylward, Pawliirkrt; James R. Etchells, Pawlucket. SOUTH CAROLINA: James R. McGec. Oranaehurg,: George D. Crow, III, Rock Hill. SOUTH D \KOTA: Randall J. Gates, Redfirld: Bruce D. Forbes, (Continued on frage 34) Boys' Nation delegates inspect U.S. Air Force exhibits while touring the Pentagon. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 33 NEWS

Mitchell. TliWESSEE: Michael F. Adams, to submit monthly tests to Nat'l Hq. Chattanooga; William E. Stephenson, Clin- They may grade themselves at the ton. TEX.IS: Etklie Morrison, Carthage; end Archie C. McColl. Midland. UTAH: John of each monthly lesson. For example: Landures, Salt Lake City; Patrick A. Shea, the answers to the questions in Lesson Salt Lake City. Edward R. JER.MOXT: One come with the study material in Les- Barna, livandon; Brian W. LeC;lair, ISmling- son Two. The final examination will be ton. VIRdlXLl: John L. Fellows, Spiiti'g- field; A. Wilder Wadford, Kenbridge. mailed to all students to be completed \V.4SHI\(.TO\: Gerald D. Joshua, Van- and returned to Nat'l Hq. couver; Douglas k. Earl, Moses Lake. M'EST Here's how the six monthly lessons VIHGIMA:' John R. Hoblitzeli, Parkers- break burg; Kerr\ B. Jarrell. Point Pleasant. II7.S- down: COXSIX: James W. koleas, Miliraukee; 1. History and Organization of The Daniel H. Schmitt, Reedsburg. IVYOMLXG: American Legion. John B. Whiston, Casper; Rocky Quarles, J. 2. Internal AlTairs and Service Divi- Thermopolis. National Commander Donald E. Johnson sions. "Roll Call '66" presents Philmont bolo ties to visiting Ex- 3. The Americanism and Foreign Re- plorer Scouts from Post 156, West Branch, annual American Legion lations Programs. The second Iowa, the Cmdr's home town, at Philmont 4. The Rehabilitation Program. National Membership Workshop was Scout Ranch, Cimarron, N. Max., in July. held at Nat'l Hq in Indianapolis under 5. The Legislative and Economic the chairmanship of Nat'l Membership Programs. The course will teach future leaders all Earl D. Franklin, Jr., (Colo.) 6. The National Security and Child Chmn there is to know about the programs and 27-28 115 key Legion- Welfare Programs, July with about services of the Legion. Any Legionnaire naires from 46 states, the District of Legionnaires, Auxiliares and Sons of who is ready to assume more responsi- and Puerto Rico gathering to The Legion members 17 years of age or Columbia, bility in his post and community will exchange ideas, analyze problems, and older may sign up individually. Also, find it of great benefit. formulate plans relating to the 1966 en- Over 60.000 Legionnaires and Aux- posts, units and squadrons may enroll rollment campaign. several of their members and form study iliares have taken the constantly revised meeting for district use en- groups seminars A model 500-page course of study. or to learn together. titled "Organization and Membership," Some "graduate" comments on the Upon successful completion of the was presented the Nat'l Membership by Extension Institute: course, graduates will receive a Certifi- feature a staff and another special was From Walter Kelly of Pennsylvania: cate of Graduation and a patch to affix to conference on "Planning Techniques and ". the Legion cap. Auxiliares will receive . . well worth the elTort involved to Problem Solving" conducted by two learn all about The American Legion, its a very attractive mortarboard pin and management specialists from the Univer- policies, and its workings." chain to be worn with the Auxiliary pin. sity of Indiana. Dr. Edgar Williams G. From Jack H. Bell of Florida: 'T Cost of the course is $4.00 each for and Prof. R. Bossort, who also Thomas learned more about the Legion in six one to three persons, and $3.00 each appeared on last year's program. lessons than I have in the 20 years I have when four or more enrollments are re- The workshop separated into six work been a Legionnaire. I believe in the Ex- ceived at the same time. Make all remit- groups addressed the topics of post and tension Institute wholeheartedly." tances payable to: National Treasurer, organization, leadership training, public The course consists of two basic units The American Legion. relations membership, new members, and on the internal organization of the Le- How much time have you got? Until new posts, and holiday slumps. The gion and four units on its programs and November. But don't delay. Use the chairman of each work group then re- objectives. Students will not be required coupon below to enroll. ported to the conference as a whole. Legion Extension Institute ENROLLMENT FORM Registration for the 20th term of The AMERICAN LEGION EXTENSION INSTITUTE American Legion Extension Institute is ( Use this coupon and add extra names and addresses, if any, on another now open. Closing deadline for registra- sheet. Make all checks payable to: Nat'lTreasurer, The American Legion.) tion of prospective students in the mail- order home-study course in Legion oper- To The Faculty American Legion Extension Institute ations and leadership is November 1. J055. Indianapolis, Ind. Purpose of the course is "to increase PO Box 46206 knowledge and appreciation on the part Here's our draft for $ Enroll those listed herewith in the 20fh of our future leaders of The American American Legion Extension Institute home study course, and send each the first assignment and lesson. Legion for our American way of life and cur constitutional form of government: Total students with this order along with a sound understanding of the contribution to these basic philosophies Name (last first) by the programs of The American Le- gion." Nearly 50 years of continuous Street Address dedicated endeavors for the betterment City & State of community, state and nation have built The American Legion into the great Card # Post or Unit #. and meaningful organization it is today. Not only does the course contain a (This coupon accommodates an order for one fully. For more, use it and add additional names on a separate sheet, giving the above info for each). brief history of the Legion, but it is a living blueprint designed to bring out the COST—One to three—$4 each—Four or more—$3 each. Price, payable to "The American Legion,'" based on all sent in one order. best qualities of leadership in individuals.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 —

NEWS

Kilmer Home Threatened 299, St. Louis, team. Legion Nat'l champions— Boys 18 and Under winner Champion in 1962, also made All- Steve Snodgrass and Boys 14 winner Bud The house in New Brunswick, N.J., America. Outfielder Dan Rudanovich Pettitt. Arkansas City's Doug Wright where soldier-poet Joyce Kilmer was and shortstop Bob Robben, juniors at took the Boys 16. Other posts which born in 1886 is threatened with demol- Univ. of Missouri, were picked for the sponsored competitors were: Ellsworth ishment. The upkeep cost is too great. second and third teams, respectively. Post 174, Emporia Post 5, Hutchinson The house is the home of Joyce Kilmer Post 68, Junction City Post 45, Manhat- American Legion Post 25, which bought Mr. Baseball (Pa.) Retires tan Post 17, Newton Post 2, Ottawa Post it in 1929 and has maintained it as a George Bellis, known as the Pennsyl- 60, Paola Post 156, Wellington Post 90, memorial to Kilmer, who was killed by vania American Legion's "Mr. Base- and Wichita Post 4. a German bullet on July 30, 1918, in ball," will become 65 in December and France. will relinquish the promotion job that "A Lesson in Socialism" Two years ago, demolishment over- annually sends him traveling 50,000 (From the Iowa Legionnaire, V. J. Max- took the Joyce Kilmer Oak which stood miles in the interests of Pennsylvania heim, Editor) on the Rutgers Univ. campus in New Legion baseball. When Bellis joined the Here is an editorial written by a young Brunswick when age made the tree a state committee under Joe Schmidt of teacher in economics and history: Philadelphia in 1931, the Department "As a teacher in the public schools,

had 50 teams playing Legion ball. Par- I find that the socialist-communist idea ticipation hit a peak in the 1949-50 sea- of taking 'from each according to his son when more than 1,000 teams com- ability,' and giving 'to each according peted in the state-wide program. "Then." to his need' is now generally accepted reports the Pennsylvania American without question by most of our pupils. Legion News, "came the crash! Little In an effort to explain the fallacy in this

League or midget ball made its debut theory, I sometimes try this approach and sponsors flocked to support the new with my pupils: program, cutting deeply into the Legion "When one of the brighter or harder- setup and slicing the number of teams working pupils makes a grade of 95 on

in half. a test, I suggest that I take away 20 "It took ten years of 'selling' by Bellis points and give them to a student who and his associates to restore the prestige has made only 55 points on his test. Thus Joyce Kilmer Post home has bleak future. of Legion ball (in Pennsylvania). The each would be contributing according to possible prey to storms. Estimated to be Department Activities Committee his ability and—since both would have 300 years old, the tree was reputed to preached the sound gospel that teen- a passing mark—each would receive ac- have inspired Kilmer's poem. "Trees," agers needed organized recreational pro- cording to his need. After I juggled the published 52 years ago. (See American grams as much as, if not more than, the grades of all the other pupils in this fash- Legion Magazine. Oct. 1963, p. 32.) Little Leaguers. ion, the result is usually a 'common own- The annual maintenance of the house 'This year there will be (in the De- ership' grade of between 75 and 80—the has cost about $5,000. With the Legion- partment) well over 700 teams which minimum needed for passing, or for sur- naires planning a new $50,000 post include the Connie Mack circuits spon- vival. Then I speculate with the pupils home, they would like to move the old sored by The American Legion." as to the probable results if I actually house to the rear of the property at 17 used the socialistic theory for grading Joyce Kilmer Ave., and make basic Kansas Legion Tennis papers. renovations. This would take, estimates Twelve American Legion posts sent "First, the highly productive pupils Post Cmdr Joseph Puleio, $10-15,000. 84 competitors to the 3rd annual Dep't would soon lose all incentive for pro- If the house must be demolished, Post of Kansas Legion junior tennis tourna- ducing. Why strive to make a high grade 25 plans a Joyce Kilmer Memorial ment staged June 13-16 at the Wilson if part of it is taken from you by 'au- Room in the new post home. Park Courts, Arkansas City, Kans. Ten thority' and given to someone else? Sec- of the competitors were girls. Post 18, ond, the less productive pupils would Legion Stars Still Shine Arkansas City, the host, gave a free ham- for a time be relieved of the necessity to Graduates of American Legion Base- burger and pop feast to all competitors, study or to produce. This socialist-com- ball starred during the past season on parents and coaches, who demolished munist system would continue until the some of the nation's leading college 250 hamburgers. high producers have sunk—or been teams. Billy Wolff, who in 1961 played The competition started Sunday driven down—to the level of the low with the Post 554, Cincinnati, Ohio, morning and finished at 10 p.m. Tuesday producers. At that point, in order for team which was runner-up in the Little under lights. Ed Gilliland was the Tour- anyone to survive, the 'authority' would World Series of Legion Baseball, has nament Director, Dick Parks handled have no alternative but to begin a sys- been named to the 1965 Collegiate All- the entries, and Bob Howard, a ranking tem of compulsory labor and punish- America baseball team. He played for junior player, did many chores. Six ments against even the low producers. the Univ. of Cincinnati. Chuck Brink- courts were used at Wilson Park and two They, of course, would then complain man, a teammate of Wolff on the 1961 at the Paris Courts. bitterly, but without understanding." Legion squad, has been catching for Seventy-eight trophies and 24 medals AGC of Minnesota News Bulletin. Ohio State, which finished second in the were awarded to contestants in singles BRIEFLY NOTED 1 965 College World Series. and doubles in various age groups. Ex- Steve Arlin, a sophomore at Ohio cluded from this development tourna- The Legion's annual Postal Rifle and State this past season, who pitched Le- ment each year are players ranked in the Pistol matches for 1965, conducted by the fol- gion ball last year for Post 96, Lima, first 20 in the Missouri Valley Tennis the Nat'l Rifle Assoc., turned up Ohio, has also been named to the College Association. lowing team winners: Nat'l Rifle Team: All-America. Two members of the Post Post 10 of Winfield produced two (Continued on next page) THE AMERICA LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 35 —

NEWS

Post 25, Windsor, Vt.; Dep't Rifle Team: has been the owner for more than 40 Parkville, Md., Post 183 and Unit 183 Post 151, Lake Forest. 111.; Nat'l Team years. May the spirit of the old flag at its have for over two years sponsored two Pistol: Post 19. Yuma, Ariz.; Nat'l birth continue in the present and future cottages in the Maryland Training Junior Rifle Team (50 feet): Post 19, generations. May the United States of School for Boys. They have given Yuma, Ariz.; Nat'l Junior Rifle Team America in its intercourse with other money, gifts, entertainment, trips and (25 feet): Post 67, Mt. Carroll. 111.; Nat'l nations always be right, right or wrong, trophies. Also, the North Central Dis- Junior Rifle Team (15 feet): Sharvin always our country. (Signed) Henry H. trict Posts of Maryland have given about Sqdn, SAL Post 397, North Chicago, 111. Hassell, Sr." $300 for recreation awards. Post 514's 1964-65 commander, Dale Despain, is second from the right among Post 136, Mt. Kisco, N.Y,, has under- the post officers in the photo. taken a yearly program of help to community organizations, with a gift of Post 10, Manistee, Mich., honored three $1,475 to youth and hospital groups as of its members—Carl Anderson, Clar- this year's contribution. ence Sandstedt, and Fred Bjorkquist for heroic action in saving the lives of ROCKPORT. MASS., VOLUNTEER PHOTO children who had fallen through the ice of Manistee Lake. The three were awarded the American Legion outstanding heroism medal and citation.

Dep't Cmdr Monroe R. Bethman (left) and Commissioner H. H. Brainerd of the State Post 201, Louisville, Ky., gutted by fire Bureau of Traffic Safety (right) explain the Pennsylvania Legion's Statewide July 4th in August 1964 (American Legion Mag- safety drive to Gov. William W. Scranton. azine, Dec. 1964, p. 38). has rebuilt and remodeled its Log Cabin Lodge (see Six thousand Pennsylvania Legionnaires photos). During its reconstruction Ready to serve 125 disabled vets posted themselves in service stations period, the post carried on its full pro- throughout the state on Friday. July 2, gram of activities, most extensive of Post 98, Rockport, Mass., treated 125 between 6 p.m. and 8 p.m.. distributing which is Child Welfare. With a member- disabled vets to an annual dinner and over 500,000 traffic safety bulletins ship of 1,040, Post 201 is the largest in outing, which included a bus tour around printed by Pennsylvania's Bureau of the Dep't of Kentucky. Cape Cod. Townspeople donated over Traffic Safety. Last year, the distribution 100 cakes for the vets to take back with of the safety bulletin was reported to them. Nineteen groups (clubs, stores, have helped cut the holiday death toll newspaper) donated the fixings. Legion from 42 to 17. It was hoped that a fur- wives. Auxiliary served. ther reduction could be made this year.

The Legion's Traffic Safety Program is Post 332, Rockton, IlL, has purchased endorsed by the Bureau of Traffic Safety two wheel chairs for two young boys of Pennsylvania. afflicted with muscular dystrophy, and has also given a resuscitator-inhalator- POSTS IN ACTION aspirator to the village. The resuscitator

The 13-star flag shown below is 153 is carried in the police car at all times already four times in years old. It measures 3x5 feet and is and has been used owned by Post 514, Piedmont, Calif. emergencies. The card shown in the glass display case carries the following history: "This Post 533, St. Paul, Minn., presented a television set to the Minneapolis VA Hospital. Post 58, Browns Valley, Minn., Rebuilt after fire a year ago, Post 201, Ky., gave Browns Valley H. S. a check for added a section (right) to rear of its $143 for the purchase of a new wrestling Log Cabin Lodge, formerly a night club. Top photo shows remodeled bar area. mat.

For showing action beyond the call of Post 101, Lowell, Ind., took three Chi- duty, Gilbert Hamilton, son of James cago White Sox players along on its fifth Hamilton, chaplain of Post 193, Denver, annual visit to Hines Veterans Hospital, Colo., was awarded the Bronze Star made in conjunction with the Legion's Medal with "V" device. Serving as acting First District visit. Over 100 Legion and advisor to Vietnamese Irregular Forces, Auxiliary members spoke with more Hamilton, disregarding his own safety, than 2,000 veterans, and brought them, This homemade flag dates back to 1812. cleared a landing site under heavy enemy among other gifts, white sox. fire, allowing a medical helicopter to American flag dates back to the early land and evacuate a wounded soldier. Post 129, Minneapolis, Minn., has given

19th Century, in the year 1812, and was Hamilton is a member of the 1 1-man a two-unit lapidary machine (for cut- homemade. It was sold at public auction U.S. Army Airborne and Electronics ting, polishing, and engraving precious and competition was so keen that the Board at Fort Bragg which set a world stones) to the Minneapolis VA Hospital price was raised to $10.75, the buyer record by making a mass free-fall para- for use in the occupational therapy sec- being the father of the undersigned, who chute jump from 37,700 feet. tion.

35 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 1

NEWS

Post 94, Babylon, N.Y., has awarded a Post 321, Littlcstown, Pa., has given its Arthur Goldberg, Associate Justice, The $500 yearly scholarship to a high school third ambulance since 1941 to the com- Supreme Court, and member of Post 47, student of the village. The 1965 winner Chicago, 111., appointed by President is Joseph E. Carroll, Notre Dame bound. Johnson to succeed Adlai Stevenson as U.S. Ambassador to the UN. Post 65 and Unit 65, Delray Beach, Fla,, have put up a monument in the Delray Rep. James A. Haley (D-Fla.) given a Beach cemetery—a memorial in honor citation by the Florida Legion commend- of all veterans of all wars. ing him for the manner in which he, as chairman of the Subcommittee of Hos- Post 245, Waynesboro, Va., celebrated pitals of the House Committee on Vet- its first birthday recently with a leap Another ambulance gift from Post 321, Pa. erans Affairs, held prompt and extensive from 91 members when organized to hearings on the VA order of Jan. 13, an-

128. Only eight had ever been Legion- munity, with free service to all. In the nouncing closing of facilities. naires before. Post 245 averages 45 photo above, Elmer W. M. Duttera members at each meeting. (front, left), chairman of the Ambulance DIED Committee, turns over the keys to Post F. Clinton Knight, of Alexandria, Va., Edward W. Bradley, of Post 173, Mill- Cmdr Albert Boyd. In rear, left to right, member of the Legion's Nat'l Rehabili- town, N.J., was given the Montclair State are Donald Clapsaddle, Stanley Stover, tation Commission and Past Dep't Cmdr College alumni award for "distinguished Donald Beford, James Eager and Beven (1927-28). professional leadership and service to Hanlon. youth." Legionaire Bradley is Supervi- Laura Blackburn, Past Nat'l President of sor of Health, Physical Education and Fred Humlak. member of Post 43, War- The American Legion Auxiliary (1932- Athletics in Milltown School System. wick R.I., has given S500 to start a 33) and mother of Charles M. Black- scholarship fund for children or grand- burn, Legion Past Dep't Cmdr of Ken- Post Thunder, Minn., raised children of Post 43 or Unit 43 members. 616, Good tucky (1949-50). over $1,000 to buy 41 uniforms for the public school band. Good Thunder has Post 334, Little Rock, Ark., spent over Bernard M. Baruch, of New York, in- a population of about 500. $2,400 in the past year on a full program dustrialist and advisor to several U.S. —Child Welfare. Oratorical Contest, presidents and recipient of the Legion's Legion Baseball, Americanism—under Post 111, Woodlawn, Ohio, was given Distinguished Service Medal (1958). the Civic Service Award of the Fraternal the energetic leadership of Post Cmdr Order of Eagles, Sycamore Aerie 1095, Bill Burns, who is 86. H. Everett Hoy, Legionnaire of Seward, of Reading. Alaska, known as "Mr. Santa Claus" to PEOPLE IN THE NEWS the children of his community. James V. Day, Past Nat'l Vice Cmdr and Post 47, Dodge City, Kans., has opened one-time Nat'l Public Relations Director its own swimming pool, and also owns of The American Legion, reappointed a John R. Gardner, of Lisbon, Iowa, a and operates a golf course. member of the Federal Maritime Com- Legionnaire who served 10 consecutive mission for a four-year term. He was years in the Iowa State Legislature, and Post 542, Put-In-Bay, Ohio, and the recently named vice chairman of the was chairman of that body's Military Auxiliary collected 400 pounds of cloth- Commission. Affairs Committee. ing and shipped it to needy families in the Appalachian coal fields. Fred E. Young, of Amarillo, Texas. Past THE AMERICAN LEGION .\\TION\L HEADQUARTERS Dep't Adjutant (1934-42) and formerly

UNE 30. 196 .5 Post 355, Grafton, Wise, won the Nat l J chief attorney for the VA Regional ASSETS American Legion Certificate of Meritori- Cash on liand and on deposit $1,9-46,239.97 Office, Lubbock, Texas (1946-61). ous Service in recognition of its out- Rereivable 157,301.60 Inventories 311,069.51 standing Americanism program during Invested Funds 2.064,377.72 William R. Hart, of Iowa City, Iowa, the past year. Trust Funds; Overseas Graves Decoration who attended the Legion's Paris caucus. Trust Fund 285,276.60 Eniploves Retirement Post 1322, North Tonawanda, N.Y., saw Trust Fund ..3,611,318.62 3.899,595.22 Ben A. Webster, of Des Moines, Iowa, its membership jump when the seven Real Estate 814,228.39 Past Dep't Cmdr (1924-25). Furniture & Fixtures, Less Depreciation 242.385.38 Sanfilippo brothers signed up. In the Deferred Charges 75,618.45 back row of the photo above are Joseph, $9,543.846.2 t LIABILITIES. OUTFIT REUNIONS George, Frank and Samuel. In front: DEFERRED REVENUE AND NET WORTH Reunion will be held in month indicated. For Carl, John and August. Current Liabilities t 514,720.72 particulars, write person whose address is Funds Restricted as to use 25,889.49 given. Deferred Income 1,566,776.81 Notices accepted on official form only. For Trust Funds: form send stamped, addressed return envelope Overseas Graves Decoration to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, Trust Fund 285,276.60 720 Fifth Ave.. New York. N.Y. 10019. Notices Employees Retirement should be received at least four months before Trust Fund 3,614.318.62 3.899.595.22 scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary Net Worth: to get form. Reserve Fund 25.119.11 Earliest submission favored when volume of Restricted Fund 428.283.61 requests is too great to print all. Real Estate 814,228.39 Reserve for Rehabilitation 528.607.84 ARMY Reserve for Child Welfare 129.843.02 3rd Cav Gp, 3rd 43rd Sqdns— (Oct.) Leonard Reserve for Convention 60.000.00 & Hoffman. 5525 S. Wolcott, Chicaso. 111. 60636 1.986.081.97 12th Army Gp— (Oct.) Bertram Kalisch, Rt. 2 Unrestricted Capital .1.550.782.03 3.5.36.864.00 Box 103, Brandywine. Md. 20613 <9. 543.846.2 A seven-ply membership boost (Continued on page 39) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 37 - .

BADGE OF PROTECTION Because you are a Legionnaire, you can protect your family's well-being with

low-cost Official American Legion Life Insurance. It costs just $2 a month, less

than li' a day. To apply, simply fill out the form below and mail it with your

check for $6. This low premium will give your loved ones the protection they

deserve through the rest of 1965. (Normally no medical examination is required.

However, if your application is not accepted, AMOUNT OF INSURANCE BASED ON AGE* AGE FULL UNIT

your premium will be promptly refunded.) Under 35 , $8,000 35 to 45 4,500 45 to 55 2,200 Remember, only you as a Legionnaire are 55 to 60 1,200 60 to 65 800 65 to vo 500 eligible for this valuable protection! 'After you sign up, your coverage gradually reduces (as shown rn chart).

OFFICIAL |— AMERICAN APPLICATION for YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE for MEMBERS of THE AMERICAN LEGION LEGION LIFE PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS CHECK MUST ACCOMPANY THIS APPLICATION INSURANCE I Full Name Birth Date PLAN Last First Middle Mo. Day Year Permanent Residence IMPORTANT Street No. City State Name of Beneficiary _ .Relationship. If you reside in New Example: Print "Pelen Louise Jones," Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" York, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, Wiscon- Membership Card No. Year Post No. .State

sin, Illinois, New Jer- I apply for a Full Unit of insurance at Annual Premium of $24.00 or a Half Unit at $12.00 sey or Puerto Rico, do The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this not use this form. application: Instead, write to 1. Present occupation? . Are you now actively working? American Legion Life Insurance Plan, P.O. Yes No If No, give reason.

Box 5609, Chicago, 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length of Illinois 60680. Appli- stay and cause cations and benefits 3. Dn you now have, or during the past five years have you had, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, diabetes vary slightly in some areas. or any other serious illness? No Yes If Yes, give dates and details MAIL TO: I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this application

it AMERICAN LEGION are true and complete. I agree that this application shall be a part of any insurance granted upon under

policy. I authorize physician or who has or examined or who may LIFE INSURANCE the any other person attended me, attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. PLAN, P.O. BOX 5609, Dated. 19. Signature of Applicant. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS OCCIDENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, Home Office: Los Angeles GMA-300-e ED. S-63 60680 38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER 1965 NEWS

Arthur C. Horton and Claude F. Humphrey? J91h Base Hosp (WWl)— (Oct.) Geo. S. Taylor, Students Naval Tng Corps, CCNY (WWl)— Kramer and Glen L. McClurg (all 121 Glenbriar Dr., Rochester, N.Y. 14616 (Oct.) I. Allen Hanover. 2225 E. 29th St., and Joseph Atkinson. Nebr. 19th Rwy Eng— (Oct.) H. R. Jefferson, 5706 Brooklyn. N.Y. 11229 1964). Po.st 86. B. Walsh Post 6. York, Woodland Ave., Philadelphia 43, Pa. USS Canberra (CA-70, WW2)— (Oct.) Jerry Der James (1964). New Haseltine St.. Bradford, Mass. N.Y. 21st Lt Eng (Oct.) George B. Boghosian. 3 Rwy (WWD— Charles M. Karker and Louis R. Mann and Whitfield, 192 Broad St., Eatontown, N.J. USS New Mexico (BB-40)— (Oct.) Jim Oswein, Fenton R. Mereness, Sr. and Francis G. Pratt Eng, (Oct.) Stephen B. 3338 Jefferson St.. Riverside. Calif. 23rd Co C (WWl)— (all 1964). Post 57. Cobleskill. N.Y. Mullery, 305 Riverside Dr., New York, N.Y. USS Saratoga (CV-3)— (Oct.) T. A. Whitlock, Bernard F. Kehoe and Dr. Herbert Langer Detachment— (Oct.) Martin D. 3292 Oak Knoll Dr.. Los Alamitos. Calif. .30th Inf, Medic and Clarence E. Murrell and Hiram E. Raphael Moritz, 906 W. Davidson St., Roanoke, III. USS Stafford (DE 411)— (Oct.) Ellas Lipschutz. (all 1964). Post 272. Rockaway Beach. N.Y. 121st Field Art'y Band, Co B, 119 Saranac St.. Rochester. N.Y. 14621 32nd Div Tank Co, Thomas R. Craig (1965), Post 907, Candor. 107th QM Co, Co M, 128th Inf (WWl)— (Oct.) N.Y. Janesville. E. J. Sartell. Jr., 1716 Sousa Ct., AIR Samuel Biletsky and Albert Woolwich (both Wis. 138th Aero Sqdn (WWl)— (Oct.) Joseph P. 1962) and Albert Spiro (1965), Post 1011, Brook- Eng (Oct.) Milton R. Parish, 39th Rwv (WWl)— Lafond, 321 Charles St., Woodburn. Ore. lyn, N.Y. 11630 S. Oakley Ave., Chicago, 111. 60643 97071. Wilfred S. Atkinson (1964) and Austin Zig- Jones, 15 55th Art'y (WWl)— (Oct.) Walter E. 367th Ftr Gp, 392nd, 393rd, 394th Ftr Sqdns ler (1965), Post 1068, New York, N.Y. Winthrop St., Maiden, Mass. 02148 (WW2)— (Nov.) Harold Chait, 356 Auburn St., Alfred Caccamo (1965), Post 1175, Brooklyn, 57th Sig Bn— (Oct.) John O. Wishart, 47 Collier Whitman. Mass. N.Y. Rd., Wetherfield, Conn. Benjamin F. Stevenson (1963) and R. Kirk 58th Coast Art'y, Bat F— (Oct.) Bernard B. Nor- Parkhurst (1965), Post 1448. Oriskany. N.Y. ton, 12 Seabright Ave.. Baltimore. Md. 21222 Frank W. Parlato (1965). Post 1626. Buffalo, 66th Field Art'y Brigade (WWl)— (Nov.) Rich- American Legion Life Insurance N.Y. ard Martin, 12105 S.W. 72nd Ave., Portland. Month ending June 30, 1965 Theodore Webb (1965). Post 147, Rockingham, Ore. 97223 N.C. Coast Art'y Corps, Bat B (WWl)— (Oct.) 68th Benefits paid Jan. 1-June 30, 1965 S 361,719 Axel Swanson and Theodore Tweten and John John E. Gudgell, Rt. 1, Tampico, 111. Benefits paid since Apr. 1958 2,727,869 W. Worrall and Adolph York (all 1964). Po.st 81st (Oct.) Van L. Trexler, 705 Basic units in force (number) 111,489 Div (WW1&2)— 194, Rolette. N. Dak. Englewood St., Greensboro, N.C. New applications since Jan. 1 5,789 Frank Burgess Tanner (1965). Post 102. Ober- 82nd Div (WWl)— (Oct.) F. E. Jones, 82nd Div. New applications rejected 669 lin. Ohio. Assn., 28 E. 39th St., New York, N.Y. American Legion Life Insurance is an official Clinton B. Gilbert (1965). Post 114, Hennes- 90th Div— (Oct.) C. D. Steel, 4255 E. 62nd St., program of The American Legion, adopted by sey, Okla. Kansas City. Mo. the Nat'l Executive Committee. 1958. It is application, Peter P. Straub (1958) and Harry S. Conrad, 91st Inf Div (WWl & 2)— (Oct.) Raymond Van reducing term insurance, issued on Velzer. 4217 Walton Ave.. Los Angeles. Calif. subject to approval based on health and em- Sr. (1963) and Frank Bauer and Joseph Bauer ployment statement to paid up members of and Lee J. Mayer (all 1964). Post 103, St. Marys, 99th Inf Bn (SEP)— (Nov.) Gustav Svendsen, The American Legion. Death benefits range Pa. 2929 Bloomington Ave. S, Minneapolis, Minn. from $8,000 (double unit up to age 35) in re- Cecil E. Craft and Nick B. Cilli and Luke W. 102nd (Essex Troop) Armd Cav Reg't— (Oct.) ducing steps with age to termination of in- Cadman and Mike Demarco (all 1965), Post 481. James A. Broderick. Jr.. 120 Roseville Ave.. surance at end of year in which 70th birthday Midland, Pa. Newark. N.J. 07107 occurs. Available in single and double units at William S. McCullough and Ralph R. Sloan, 105th Field Art'y— (Oct.) James Andrews, c/o flat rate of $12 or $24 a year on a calendar Jr. (both 1965). Post 515, Latrobe, Pa. Nehring Brothers. Inc., 1441 St. Nicholas Ave.. year basis, pro-rated during first year at $1 Clair W. Wood (1965 ) , Post 615, Conneautville. York 33. N.Y. or a for insurance approved after New $2 month Pa. 107th Ambulance Co (WWl)— (Nov.) Dr. Wm. Jan. 1. Underwritten by two commercial life Tony Rico and Gerald P. Ritenour (both Rich. 200 Cranford PI.. Teaneck. N.J. insurance companies. American Legion insur- 1964 ) and Winfred MeCool ( 1965 ) . Post 852. Har- 108th Field ance trust fund managed by trustee operating Art'y- (Oct.) M. J. Montgomery. risville. Pa. 21 E. Lake Ave.. Blackwood. N.J. 08012 under laws of Missouri. No other insurance may use the full words "American Legion." Ad- Bryan S. Baxley and William C. Buist and 108th Inf, Hq Co (WWl)— (Nov.) R. Bruce ministered The American Legion Insurance Malcolm L. Dyches and Shellie Fail (all 1964), Kideney. 64 Parkwood Dr.. Snyder, N.Y. by Department, P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, 111. 60680. Post 91. Blackville. S.C. 109th Eng (Oct.) E. Rockwell, 1815 (WWl)— W. to which write for more details. Ernest M. East (1962) and John H. Ellis (1963) Ave. E, Council Bluffs, Iowa. and William T. Coyner (1965). Post 131. Waynes- 113th Inf, I Rosario Co (WW2)— (Oct.) Cala- boro. Va. musa. 47 Richelieu Terr.. Newark. N.J. Arthur E. Leder (1965), Post Mayville, 114th Field Sig 69, Bn (WWl)— (Oct.) W. F. Wor- Wis. rell, P.O. Box 154, Ruston. La. 71270 LIFE MEMBERSHIPS 127th Inf— (Oct.) Carlyle Shepro, 276 E. Scott The award of a life membership to a Legion- Life Memberships are accepted for publica- St.. is testimonial Fond du Lac. Wis. 54935 naire by his Post a by those who tion only on an official form, which we provide. 130th Mach Gun Bn, Co A (WWl)— (Oct.) Ray- know him best that he has served The Ameri- Reports received only from Commander, Ad- mond C. Shaner. 707 N. Penn. Webb City. Mo. can Legion well. jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded 135th Field Art'y, Bats B&E (WWl)— (Oct.) Below are listed some of the previously un- the life membership. published life membership Post awards that Hov/ard N. Sweet. RFD 1. Perrysburg, Ohio. They may get form by sending stamped, self- have been reported to the editors. They are 142nd Inf, Co H (WWl)— (Oct.) Harry I. addressed return envelope to: arranged by States or Departments. Boothe. Box 365. Chillicothe. Tex. "L.M. Form. American Legion Magazine, 720 143rd Inf, Co C (WWl)— (Nov.) M. P. Stewart. Stanley H. Johnson (1960) and Robert J. 5th Ave., New York, N.Y." 10019. 1475 Cartwright. Beaumont. Tex. 77701 Parr (1962) and William K. Saviers (1963). Post On a corner of the return envelope write the 164th Inf— (Oct.) Robert Moran. W. P.O. Box 339. Ventura. Calif. number of names you wish to report. No 1143. Williston, N. Dak. 58801 Harold O. Brooke (1964), Post 528, Long written letter necessary to get forms. 301st Trench Mortar (Oct.) F. Bat— Walter Beach. Calif. Welch, 213 Gwen Rd.. Meriden. Conn. B. C. Payette and C. M. Simpson (both 1965), 304th Eng (WWl)— (Nov.) George F. Schuck, Post 1, Montreal, Canada. 317 E. Aliens Lane. Philadelphia. Pa. 19119 COMRADES IN DISTRESS Frederick H. McLaren and Stanley S. Smith, 314th Eng (WWl)— (Nov.) William S. Freise, Readers who can help these comrades are Jr. (both 1965), Post 259, DeBary, Fla. 3444 Crittenden St.. St. Louis, Mo. 63118 urged to do so. Jesse L. Lankford (1947) and Rev. Clarence 319th Eng (WWl)— (Oct.) Ken Thomson, 648 Notices are run at the request of The Ameri- J. Higgins (1962) and Clyde Stillwell (1963). Santa Cruz Ave., Menlo Park, Calif. can Legion Nat'l Rehabilitation Commission. Post 24. Champaign. 111. 357th Inf, Supply Co (WWl)— (Oct.) S. F. They are not accepted from other sources. Everett M. Dirksen (1965). Post 44, Pekin, 111. Daflfron, 4920 Rock Creek Ln., Mission, Kans. Readers wanting Legion help with claims Fenton B. Cole and Leon Cooper and Charles should contact their local service officers. 444th AAA AW Bn— (Nov.) Joseph Ippolito. 11 Curran and Jack M. Daily (all 1964), Post 90, Service officers unable to locate needed Whitman Ave.. Jersey City 6, N.J. Marshall, III. witnesses for claims development should refer 551st AAA AW Bn (Mobile)— (Oct.) Harold W. Milo M. Frame (1965). Post 9. Oelwein. Iowa. the matter to the Nat'l Rehabilitation Commis- Curlee. Rte 2 Box 39-A. Salisbury. N.C. Edward O. Orgell (1962) and C. A. Van Patter sion through normal channels, for further 643rd Tank Dest Bn— (Oct.) John A. Wesen- (1963). Post Eldora. Iowa. search before referral to this column. berg. 163 White Rd.. Scarsdale. N.Y. 182. Phil Furleigh and S. P. Hansen (both 1963). 701st MP Bn, Co D (1941-45)— (Oct.) Herbert H. 118th TAC Ren Sqdn CBI, 14th Air Force, Post Clear Lake. Iowa. Albrecht. Fairbank. Iowa. 50629 222. Transportation—Need information from men Ralph R. Rhyne and Jacob Riffel, Sr. and 729th Ord— (Oct.) Daniel W. Deal, Box 206. who served with Ernest Nasse to help him Havre de Grace. Md. 21078 John A. Vahling (all 1964), Post 99. Russell. establish a claim. Especially desire to hear Kans. 2666th WAC Wires Co— (Oct.) Noreen Cottier. from Sgt. Purcelli, Bridgeport, Conn.; S/Sgt. John W. Zaieski and Harry J. Ziff and Meyer 195 Seal Rock Dr., San Francisco, Calif. McNeal, Hartford, Conn.; Sgt. Mike Caruso, J. Ziff (all 1963). Post 28, Northampton, Mass. Queens. NYC; Buckholtz. Tracy. Minn.; Kingman P. Cass and John M. Culien (both McPhearson. Goshocton, Ohio; all of trans- NAVY 1964) , Post 97, Winchester, Mass. portation section, Capt. Burke in charge. 6th Seabees— (Oct.) James M. Honnert, 7881 Herbert P. Kugler (1965), Post 224. Easthamp- Write to Ernest Nasse, Kenyon, R.I. 02836 Colerain Rd., Cincinnati 39. Ohio. ton. Mass. 18th Tng Co., 161st Depot Brigade, Camp Grant. Need information regarding foot disability 13th Marine Reg't, Co I— (Oct.) Wm. E. Burk- James J. McGee (1964). Post 292, West Har- hart. R.D. #5. Alliance. Ohio. 44602 wich. Mass. suffered by Ernest Cate, between Jan. 1 and Mar. 15. 1918. Would like to hear from Pvt. 19th Seabees— (Oct.) Herbert Thomas A. Laramee and Robert R. Quintal McCallen. 655 E. Cartwright. Chilicothe, Ohio; Sheldon Black- 14th St.. New York 9. N.Y. (both 1963) and Ernest R. Abert and Rene G. well, Roanoke, Va.: Pvt. Proud, New Purdue. 42nd Paquette (both 1964), Post 337, Chicopee, Mass. Seabees— (Oct.) George Rapp. 42-37 Union Ind.; or any one having this information. St., Flushing, N.Y. 11355 Harvey J. Ladouceur and Leo Mclnemey and Write: Ernest Cate, Lake Hubert, Minn. 97th, 108th Seabees— (Sept.) Odis Buck Stark. Afred J. Skiffington and Patrick G. Smith (all 56459. 6122 Goliad. Dallas. Tex. 1965) . Post 56. Detroit, Mich. 2nd Platoon-Troop-A-5th, Sq-C.R.T.C. Fort Lion Four, GSK Storekeepers (NSD Manus, The Vernon Clouse and Archie Jamison and Riley, Kans., Jan. 10 to Mar. 31, 1942. Would Admiralties)— (Oct.) F. C. Gardner, 678 W. Howard Kaiser and Irving Kempf (all 1964), like to hear from Sgt. Mathews, 1st Sgt. 23rd St. Apt. 2, San Pedro. Calif. 90731 Post 142. Capac. Mich. Cumbey. Cpl. White and John R. Sanders. North Sea Mine Force— (Oct.) J. J. Kamnier. 54 Harold F. Thiewes (1965), Post 9, Winona, Write: Jewell Sauls, Rt. 1. Box 138, Kokomo, Walnut Ave., Floral Park. N.Y. Minn. Miss. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 39 $100 BILLION FOR FRESH WATER? Other projects of the Hydrological (Continued from page 8) Decade include discovery of huge under- ground reservoirs where water can be Engineers, incidentally, has been deal- nomical and efficient, as well as good stored away from the heat of the sun, ing with water problems longer than any community relations, to clear their water and elimination by chemicals of water- other government agency. President of pollutants so it can be used over and consuming weeds, another possible James Monroe turned to this agency for over. A 1949 National Association of means of conserving water. a survey of the Ohio River in 1 820 when Manufacturers' survey found only 18% As to finding sources West Point was the only school teaching of 3,000 reporting companies with facil- new of water, we have desalination engineering in the country. While the ities for treating their wastes. Ten years NAWAPA, of sea water, cloud seeding the flooded Mississippi spread ruin last later. 69% had facilities. In 1948, eight and suggestion that big icebergs spring, six great dams built by the Corps states formed the Ohio River Vallev be towed from the of Engineers checked and conserved the Water Sanitation Commission. Less than Antarctic to California. A Scripps Insti- tution water of the swollen Missouri River. 1% of the 31/2 million people living of Oceanography man is almost along the Ohio and only 38% of the alone in favoring the last. Making rain by seeding clouds with chemicals THE WORLD-WIDE Icvcl, the United sewered population in its basin were ON dropped from airplanes has fewer advo- States is taking part in the Interna- served by sewage treatment plants. cates than it tional Hydrological Decade. Hydrology Treatment plants now serve 90% of the now did before New York City amassed lawsuits totaling $1.25 is the science of water on land. The sewered population in the Ohio Valley, million from farmers and resort opera- Decade is a ten-year program during and four-fifths of the industrial estab- tors after 1950 elTorts. Most which the scientists of some 60 nations lishments there have waste control and cloud seeding to date has been with silver iodide will study all aspects of water under the treatment facilities. There are now many and dry ice. sponsorship of the United Nations Edu- other interstate commissions. but recent research sponsored by the National cational, Scientific and Cultural Organi- The chemical industry spends more Science Founda- tion at the University of zation. The world's water supply will be than $100 million a year on water pollu- Chicago and the University of Wisconsin indicate that mapped more accurately than ever be- tion control. Companies like American less costly urea, a chemical fore. There will be expeditions to meas- Cyanamid. Du Pont. Dow, and Ciba commonly used for fertilizer, also can trigger ure the melting rates of glaciers and to Corp. not only have outstanding anti- snow or rain from water-laden clouds. see what happens to the runoff water. pollution records, but are showing others At present, seeding requires moist clouds Taking part will be the World Health Or- how to do likewise. Du Pont even im- that might produce rain ganization, the World Meteorological ported four alligators to deal with nutria anyway. Organization, the International Atomic (a muskrat-like rodent) sabotaging pond of sca Water, which is Energy Agency and the International walls and canal banks at its plant in DESALINATION about of the earth's water, is Council of Scientific Unions. Bv extend- Victoria, Tex. The Weverhaeuser Co. 97% old but has advanced further since ing the studies, which began this year, has an outstanding anti-pollution rec- World 2 than in all the previous over a whole decade, participants believe ord. So has the Humble Oil & Refining War centuries. Julius Caesar is said to have obtained they can provide reliable data for large- Co. But many other companies and at a little fresh water for his troops scale projects to meet the needs of 1975. least 1.500 communities continue to by using the sun to These already are being proposed. dump untreated wastes into streams, evaporate sea water and recapturing the vapor. Ships have How can we increase our fresh water creating health hazards to humans and had desalting equipment since the 14th cen- supply? Remedies fall into three cate- killing fish— 18.4 million of them in tury and our nuclear aircraft carrier gories: ( 1 ) reducing our need for water: 1964, according to the U.S. Public Enterprise has four distillation units that (2) making more efficient use of our Health Service. produce 280.000 gallons of fresh water present water supply: (3) finding new Much water can be conserved bv curb- daily. The new liner France has four sources of water, of which the ing evaporation, which, for example, units with a similar capacity. Our airmen NAWAPA project, which we'll take up takes seven feet of water a year off Lake flying over the oceans carry MK-2 sea last, is one of the most dramatic .ex- Mead behind Hoover Dam in Nevada. water desalter kits that will take enough amples. A thin chemical film only one molecule salt out of a little water to save their The individual householder isn't apt thick has been found to curb evapora- lives if they are forced down. to be willing or able to reduce his direct tion from 9% to 63% in experiments use of water except on an emergency at Eagle Pass, Tex.: Lake Cachuma, Only in recent years, however, have basis. But industry has made consider- Calif.; Lake Hefner, Okla.; Sahuaro there been sizable desalting plants on able progress in this direction in recent Lake, Ariz.; and in Australia and Nai- land. Three built by Westinghouse Elec- years. robi, Africa. Winds, however, some- tric Corp. free our forces at Guantan- Bay. from the pipeline whims Many companies have found it eco- times disrupt the film. amo Cuba, of Fidel Castro. More than 100 shore- edge desalting plants around the world ''WILL YOU SMOKE MY are producing daily around 50 million gallons of water pure enough to drink. NEW KIND OF PIPE... They produce it. however, at a cost much greater than "natural water" in the 30 Days at My Risk? NO MONEY — iUST SEND YOUR NAME United States, and for desalted sea water All I want is I write tell why your name so can and you to be used inland, transportation would I'm willing to send you my pipe for 30 days' smoking I . , •'""tT, IS^D1090 bi'nnysiae« K Ave.> without a cent of risk on your part. This is not a new *• add to its cost. Dept. III. model, not a new style, not a new gadget, not an im- | 246-K, Chicago, 60640 provement on old style pipes. It's based on an entirely • Please mail facts about your 30 Its price has been brought down, how- new principle that harnesse.'i four of Nature's immu- | day offer of a Carey Pipe postatre I to try it a(i/o«r ever, to per 1,000 gallons table laws—contradicts every idea you've ever had prepaid 'f hen 1 will let you know if 1 want from $4 $1 ^^is information .9 free, no salesman will call. | about pipesmoking-and delivers asmoking pleasure I for optimum operations since 1952. you've never before experienced. My new kind of pipe I smokes cool and mild hour after hour, day after day without ' the Department of Interior's Office NAME . when rest, without bite, witliout bitterness. It doesn't have to be I "broken in". It never ha-^ to be "rested" anrf tf never occu- r of Saline Water, working with more than mulatea si ititQef To prove all thi:*. I want to send you a Carey I ADDRESS Pipe to smoke :?0 days at my ri-k. Send your name and ad- 100 companies, began to test various dress today f<»r my complete trial offer. Mai! coupon now to • E. A. CAREY. 1920 Sunnyside Ave., Dept. 246-K, Chkaeo 40 | city STATE alternative processes and underwrote

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 .

construction of desalting plants at Free- But of all the single projects now en- waters of the Yukon and Tanana Rivers port, Tex.; Wrightsvilie, N.C.; Roswell, visioned, NAWAPA is one of the bold- would be dammed, also the upper N.M.; Webster, S.D., and elsewhere. est and most promising for at least 33 reaches of the Fraser, Columbia and Solar evaporation has been tested near of our states, central and western Can- Kootenay Rivers. The immense amount Daytona Beach, Fla.. and freezing proc- ada, and northwestern Mexico. It was of water to be stored in the Rocky Moun- esses at Cornell University and else- conceived by Ralph M. Parsons, a Navy tain Trench in a lake 500 miles long,

where. Coalinga, Calif., and Buckeye. veteran of World War 1 and head of would be adjacent to Banff and Jasper

Ariz., now meet all their modest needs the big Los Angeles engineering and con- National Parks. The Trench is an area by treatment of the brackish local water. struction firm bearing his name. Parsons of mountain grandeur whose artificial As research continues and atomic proposes bringing south water now going inland sea would produce scenic and rec- power is explored, sea water costs proba- to waste in Alaska, Canada and the reation benefits as well as power and bly will drop further, though not in the northwest United States—by a series water. near future. There is no question, how- of enormous artificial lakes, dams, tun- ever, of the practicality of desalination nels and canals. There would be a con- PROPONENTS say the project will con- for arid areas overseas. Big desalination nection through Canada to the Great serve enough water to irrigate 86.300 plants now serve Aruba in the West In- Lakes and water provided to help main- square miles. In delivering 20 million dies and Kuwait in the Middle East. The tain their levels. Some 20 years and acre-feet of water to Mexico, the plan abundant oil at Kuwait fires a plant ob- $100 billion, about the cost of our moon would enable that country alone to de- taining 5 million gallons of fresh water program, would be required for velop eight times as much new irrigable a day from the Persian Gulf. NAWAPA. land as the Aswan High Dam will give

Though it is the biggest construction Egypt. ISRAEL, which now has three small de- project ever proposed, NAWAPA in- It would not interfere with present salination plants, is planning to build volves no new technology, nothing that Columbia and Colorado River projects

one 75 to 100 times larger than any in is untried. The dams, reservoirs, tunnels, except to make more water available for the world. It will cost $200 million, of canals and power-generating plants are them. Eventually it would provide a which President Johnson has agreed that the same sort that Ralph Parsons, Henry navigable waterway from Vancouver on the United States will supply $50 mil- Kaiser and other big contractors have the Pacific to Lake Superior. This canal lion. It will use nuclear power simultan- been building. There simply will be more also would deliver irrigation water to the eously to generate electricity and to de- of them. The largest dam envisioned northern plains from Alberta to South salt sea water. A similar plant is being would be at Chitina on Alaska's Copper Dakota and increase the flow through urged for Los Angeles. New York State River, rising some 600 to 800 feet above the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence system. plans a $4.7 million nuclear power and the stream bed. This gigantic project is proposed by desalting plant on Long Island Sound in NAWAPA's bold sweep can best be a practical as well as imaginative engi-

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Consider this fact. In the short time it takes you to read this page 1,100 accidents will take place. Over 440,000 will occur before this day ends. These accidents must be investi- EARN WHILE YOU LEARN gated. The law demands it. Yet in 4 out of 5 cities, towns Write today. Let me show you how easy it is for you to get rural and communities, no one has been trained for this into this exciting new career in just a matter of weeks. No vital work. obligation. No salesman will call. Mail coupon or post card to me, M. O. Wilson, Universal Schools. Dallas 5, Texas. KEEP PRESENT JOB UNTIL READY TO SWITCH Step into this fast-moving Accident Investigation field. Already hundreds of men we have trained are making big Mail Now for FREE BOOK money. Joe Miller earned $14,768 his first year. A. J. Allen M. O. Wilson, Dept. At-9 earned over $2,000 in ten weeks. Robert Meier says "I'm Universal Schools, now earning $7.50 to $15.00 an hour in my own business . 6801 Hillcrest, Dallas 5, Texas Universal's course is wonderful." Please rush me your FREE BOOK on Big Money FREE EMPLOYMENT HELP GIVEN The Booming Accident Investigation Field. 1 will be under no obligation — ond no salesman will coll upon me. We CAN and WILL show you how to rapidly build your own full-time or part-time business. Or if you wish a big-pay Nome job as Company Claims Investigator, our Placement Service

Address . will give you real assistance. Hundreds of firms needing call men upon Universal. We place far more men in this City Zone booming field than any other individual, company or school. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 41 "The NAWAPA concept includes a $100 BILLION FO \ FRESH WATER?

-(Continued fi im page 41) seaway between Lake Winnipeg and Hudson Bay via the Nelson River. An- neer with an adventurous background. Digested excerpts from an excellent other seaway would connect Georgian native of Long Island, N.Y.. Parsons description of NAWAPA given on the A Bay with James Bay. A navigation canal was graduated from Pratt Institute's Senate floor by Alaska's Sen. Ernest would connect the ore fields of Labrador School of Engineering in Brooklyn in Gruening on July 1 are worth quoting and Quebec with the Great Lakes. These 1916 and joined the Navy as landsman here: would provide Canada with cheap ship for a machinist's mate. He was mustered "In Alaska, the Yukon Territory and and barge transport, opening its iron ore, out in 1921 as lieutenant j.g., and ap- British Columbia, tremendous quantities coal, potash, sulfur, forestry and agri- pointed aeronautical engineer under of fresh water flow unused to the sea. . . . cultural resources to extensive develop- Civil Service and assigned to complete Use of a fifth of this could transform the ment. The waterways would also the Aeronautical Engine Testing Lab- water picture of large areas of Canada contribute to the economic welfare of oratory at the Naval Aircraft Factory in and at least 25 states. . . . Keystone of Ontario and Quebec, Minnesota, Wis- Philadelphia. the concept is the 900-mile-long Rocky consin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, In 1924. he was assigned to the Mountain Trench in Canada (altitude Pennsylvania and New York—all associ- dirig- 3,000 feet). ... A series of dams and Shenandoah, first American-built ated with the Great Lakes. stations will ible. While aboard her on a test flight power provide the energy to "Branching off from the Canadian- ofi" Massachusetts, he stepped 800 miles Great Lakes Canal, another canal, large and fell off the eight-inch catwalk enough for barges, would connect with covering of the ship. through the exterior the Missouri and Minnesota river sys- grasping the of the catwalk he By edge tems to serve the needs of Montana, was able to save himself from plunging Wyoming, North and South Dakota, fingerprints are still into the sea. "His Nebraska and Iowa. This concept offers visible on the hardened duraluminum means of solving problems otherwise in- frame," reported a magazine writer soluble. It will alleviate falling levels and aboard the craft. "It was the closest call pollution of the Great Lakes and aug- I ever had," recalls Parsons. He was not ment the power potential of the Niagara aboard the Shenandoah ended her when and St. Lawrence Rivers. Good quality in the next year. career an Ohio crash water in bulk could be supplied the states After extensive experience in the en- now using Colorado River water, which gineering and construction of petroleum is excessively high in minerals in its lower refineries, he formed his own company area. The excess salinity of Colorado in Chicago. He moved this to Los Ange- River water delivered to Mexico under les in 1937 to become the engineering treaty would be reduced, removing a nucleus of the Bechtel-McCone-Parsons periodic source of international friction.

Corp., of which he was vice president To create NAWAPA it would be neces- and director of engineering. During sary only to do what we have done many World War 2 he directed big ship build- times before, but on a much grander ing, oil refining, and power and industrial scale." "How was I otherwise?" projects for the War and Navy Depart- tens of thou- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE NAWAPA would create ments, the Maritime Commission and the sands of jobs. It would directly benefit Defense Plant Corp. pump the Arctic's fresh water up into scores of industries. It would require $5 After the war, the Ralph M. Parsons the Trench. From the Trench reservoir, billion in construction equipment and

Co. was reconstituted and it has since it would be pumped to a reservoir in the tools, 100,000 tons of copper and alu- constructed huge projects in a score of Sawtooth Mountains. From there, water minum, 30 million tons of steel, and $25 countries. Its government work has in- would flow south by gravity via lined billion in labor. It is calculated to provide cluded design and construction super- canals and tunnels, passing the Sawtooth western North America with adequate vision of guided missile and space Mountain barrier through a tunnel 80 water for the next 100 years. facilities (Minuteman, Titan, Nike-Zeus, feet in diameter and 50 miles long. Water But there are many obstacles. Premier and others) and civil works covering for irrigation, power, recreational facili- W. A. C. Bennett of British Columbia is ground-water development, water trans- ties and other uses would flow by gravity against exporting water to the United mission and distillation, including a de- for distribution to eastern Oregon, Utah, States. Some fear ruin for the Columbia salting plant at San Diego, dams, canals Nevada, California, Arizona, New Mex- River salmon industry. In a letter to the and irrigation. ico and northern Mexico. On the east magazine Science, which has lauded the slope of the Rockies water would be project, a Canadian wrote: "May we IN Los Angeles, Parsons became ac- pumped into the Canadian and Purga- suggest instead that it would be more quainted with the farsighted ideas of toire Rivers for distribution east of the logical for the people to move where the

Donald McCord Baker, a California en- Continental Divide, to be drawn on by water is? . . . We would be glad to wel- gineer who was one of the world's great- New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Kansas, come you to our invigorating climate. est authorities on water. During his long Nebraska and Oklahoma. The Peace Please bring your industries with you." career. Baker served as a consultant to River Reservoir outflow, and diversions But if we can negotiate with anybody, the Los Angeles Flood Control District, from streams on the east slope of the we should be able to do so with Canada the National Resources Planning Board, Rockies, could supply the Canadian- and Mexico. Sen. Frank Moss of Utah, Colorado River Board of California and Great Lakes Canal. In excess of 40 mil- Chairman of a Senate Subcommittee many other bodies. He conceived the lion acre-feet per year would reach Lake that has made a preliminary study of idea of a continental water conservation Superior and provide for irrigation and NAWAPA, feels it may rank in impor-

plan and turned it over to the Parsons other water demands of Alberta, Sas- tance with the Louisiana Purchase in the organization before his death in 1960. katchewan, Manitoba and western On- development of the West. "It is not only The latter spent five years in research on tario. This part of the system would also completely feasible," he says, "it is it and produced NAWAPA. yield considerable power. almost inevitable." the end

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SI PTEMBER 1965 ic r.ice this magazine. space contributed as s i- by

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25 miHion families benefit from child care, family service, youth guidance, health programs and services for the armed forces through 34,500 UnKed Way agencies. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 43 Auto News.

If you're engaged Influenza Again. New Household Gadgetry. to a girl who

doesn't like the Since so much of your life is dependent on a car, consider these new developments in the automotive situation: autumn-day aroma • Insurance rates are sure to go up again, soon. A broad estimate of 3% would be a pretty good guess, though that figure will vary quite a bit on a state-by-state and driver-by-driver basis. (In New York, a new hike averages of Field & Stream out to on insurance written by companies belonging to the rate-making bureaus.) The reasons for the boost are obvious: more cars, more young Pipe Tobacco, drivers, higher speeds, liberal iury awards. • Hereafter, additional safety features—as well as additional power—will get your ring back. be built into cars. Already you can see this in General Motors' announcement that six items are becoming standard on all 1966 cars: rear seat belts; padded instrument panels: backup lights: left rear-view mirrors; dual-speed wind- shield wipers and washers, and padded sun visors. But that isn't all. A year She won't hke hence the General Services Administration (which buys federal government vehicles) says that it wants: impact-absorbing steering wheels; exhaust controls: dual-braking systems; a warning system that flashes when a car anything. pulls onto a road shoulder; standard bumper heights, and about a dozen lesser changes. Since GSA buys some 60,000 cars, you can bet that its demands won't be treated lightly. '

Flu has not struck on a nationwide scale since the winter of 1962-63 (though there was a West Coast outbreak in 1963-64). But this year—as the experts have been saying for a long time—there will be a major upturn in Type A influenza. So the Public Health Service is advising vaccinations for the elderly, the pregnant, those with chronic diseases, and persons living in a crowded environment.

You hear more and more talk among businessmen that one of the next big American necessities will be the year-round air-conditioned house—the dwelling with central heating, cooling, and humidity control. A mere 5% of the housing put up these days has this feature. If you're planning to build or remodel, complete climate control is worth investigating. You wouldn't have any trouble borrowing the extra money; A product of Philip Morris Inc. and in any event, you will have a cleaner, more comfortable house with a presumably better resale value. In your thinking, remember that: • Year-round central air conditioning needs an adequate duct system. The difference between ample and poor ducts will mean $100 or less in your IbeoTAX CONSULTANT P bill if you're starting from scratch. iled profe.s 0\i • The extra equipment will run from $400 to $800 above a furnace alone. stu.lcnts aie earnini,' lucralivc fec-« in .lifmincil full or part lime home-nflicc business iiieparinj; income • tax tetui-ns

LYNDON JOHNSON'S GET-TOUGH POLICY Sukarno is at bottom based on his con- (Continued from page 13) viction that the Red Chinese are the

wave of the future in Asia. He is capable a hand openly in the Vietnam war. In communist "wars of liberation" that of doing a complete about turn if this this connection, another remark of ex- might lead us to the brink of nuclear war, conviction were shattered on a Viet- Secretary Gilpatric is intriguing: "Com- it is because the President has taken a namese battlefield. In fact, there is hardly munist China's elementary nuclear hard look at it and found the idea to be an independent state around the long weapons production facilities would as unreal as the communists have that rim of Asia where sighs of relief will not make attractive targets for U.S. air he is proceeding so confidently along the be heard if Mao Tse-tung has to back strikes, and at this early stage in Red path of toughness to which he is now down in the long run in Vietnam. China's nuclear development, damage to committed. That is exactly the job to which we those facilities would be a heavy setback A thoughtful editorial in the Christian now appear to be committed. In order to its aspirations to become a major Science Monitor (May 20) warns that to do this job. President Johnson has nuclear power." the communists—whether in Moscow or laid a firm cornerstone for his strategic revolutionary nature of the Peking might "relish seeing the United The trulv — structure. He has renounced the policy shift in our strategic thinking, which is States become involved in a vast, shape- of taking counsel of his fears. He has here described, may be seen from the fact less, costly jungle war. Not only might restored the full potential of American than 2. this reduce American potential effective- that no longer ago March 1965 global mobility, by sea and air and in ness elsewhere, but it might also increase (just after the air strikes to the north the coastal regions and peninsulas of the felt in and began), Sec'y of Defense Robert S. the distaste already Asia world where our amphibious power can Africa for America's role in Vietnam." McNamara, testifying before the House be brought to bear. He has, in a word, Also, if the war dragged on inconclu- Military Appropriations subcommittee, regained his strategic freedom of action. sively for some time, it might increase said he did not believe "that American A great American military teacher the distaste of the American people for troops can be used to substitute for Viet Col. George A. Lincoln of West Point the in continuing it. Namese troops on ground South remarked that "National power, until it guerrillas But it must be said that the visible Viet Nam to counter the oper- is actually used, is very largely what ating in that country." That surely rep- signs of deep American commitment to other people think it is." the task of proving that the communist resented the official "posture" on March Today, all over the world, nations are 2. Two months later an American "people's war of national liberation' can realigning their estimates of their own ad- ground force build-up in Vietnam was be defeated has not had a wholly actions in terms of new thinking about well advanced, and found Gen. verse effect on African and Asian opin- we what American power is—especially in Wallace M. Greene, the Marine Corps ion, which still tends to be impressed by terms of the willingness of the President power when power becomes tangibly Commandant (and a member of the to use it on short notice. Friends arc Joint Chiefs of Staff) telling the Marines apparent. taking heart, neutrals are softening their of the 9th Expeditionary Brigade that It would certainly be a boon to nerv- oflFicial anti-Americanism, and who their job in Vietnam is to "find the Viet ous India for the Chinese to get a well- plans a brushfire war is thinking twice Cong and kill 'em." bloodied nose in Vietnam, not to speak about its chances. All of this, as we said

There are of course manv Americans of having their dreaded nuclear potential at the beginning, is a revolutionary of wisdom and influence who do not knocked out. change brought about by the President agree with the emerging strategy, either There is more than a suspicion on the of the United States in less than six because they do not whollv understand part of old Asia hands that the vicious months. History will note it as a land- it, or because they still fear it may "esca- anti-Americanism of Indonesia's Bung mark of our time. the end late" into a disastrous nuclear exchange, or because they feel it is somehow morally wrong to settle international disputes by force rather than around the council table.

THE RECENT countrv-widc discussion called the "teach-in." which carried the debate to hundreds of college cam- puses, is an example of the spreading interest in and concern over the use of Ameri can fighting power in Vietnam. But the purpose of the sponsors of this affair was not wholly altruistic: in their preface to the program they express not only their desire "to bring before the nation and the world our doubts about the wisdom and the morality of the Ameri- can position." but also our fears "that a hardened military policy may be leading the world to the brink of nuclear war." Doubt and fear run through such statements again and again. But Lyndon Johnson does not doubt our morality nor do millions of Americans. He has no confidence that a policy of fear can 'It's been taken care of." end in anything but moral bankruptcy in the long haul. As for our taking sides in THE AMERICAN I.Er.KlN MAGA/.ISK

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 45 THE NATIONAL TRAVEL CLUB

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46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1955 THOMAS A. EDISON A New FREE BOOK for (Continued from page 17)-

ticker. A Boston inventor named Calla- and was able to find backers to under- han had designed a telegraphic ticker in write their costs. By 1 87 1 , after he had MENPAST40 1867 that printed market quotations on received an order from Western Union tape. his improved moving paper Edison modified the to manufacture 1,200 of Troubled With Getting Up Nights, Callahan ticker and applied for a patent stock tickers, Edison had a machine shop Pains in Back, Hips, Legs, on his improvements in 1869. In June of his own in Newark, N.J., and was Nervousness, Tiredness. of that year, wearying of Boston, Edison employing 18 men. He wrote to his This New Free Book points out that if borrowed a few dollars and moved his mother, "I am now what 'you' Demo- you are a victim of the above symptoms, base of operations to New York, where crats call a 'Bloated Eastern Manufac- the trouble may be traceable to Glandu- " his stock ticker brought him immediate turer.' lar Inflammation ... a condition that very commonly occurs in of middle good fortune. Surrounding himself with a capable men age or past and is often accompanied by He had left Boston deep in debt, too staff of assistants, many of them older despondency, emotional upset and other poor even to afford to bring his tools and than he, Edison at 24 became a mass mental and nervous reactions. equipment with him. Paying a call on producer of inventions. Chiefly they The book explains that, although Franklin Pope, an engineer for a stock- were refinements on the original system many people mistakenly think surgei-y ticker service, Edison managed to im- of telegraphy, and so he found himself is the only answer to Glandular Inflam- mation, there is now a non-surgical press him with his knowledge and was ensnared willy-nilly in the patent wars treatment available. between the giant Western Union and its many ephemeral competitors of the NONSUR$/CAL TRBATMem day. Unwilling to let himself be de- voured by such financial giants as Jay This New Free Illustrated Book tells Gould and Commodore Vanderbilt, about the modern, mild, Non-Surgical treatment for Glandular Inflammation Edison kept his involvement in their and that the treatment is backed by a machinations at a minimum by selling Lifetime Certificate of Assurance. Many his patents outright or accepting a roy- men from all over the country have alty basis, rather than attempting to taken the NON-SURGICAL treatment and have reported it has proven effec- maintain full control. Even so, he spent tive. nearly as much time in court defending The Non-Surgical treatment described his patent rights as in his laboratory. in this book requires no painful surgery, The patents mounted. The prolific in- hospitalization, anesthesia or long ventor was awarded 38 patents in 1872, period of convalescence. Treatment takes but a short time and the cost is and 25 more the next year, for such reasonable. things as telegraph printers, relays and stock-ticker modifications. By 1876. he REDUCIBLE had taken out more than 200 patents, HERNIA HEMORRHOIDS but he was only warming up: in 1882 Non-Surgical treatment for both Reducible Hernia alone Edison filed 141 patent applica- and Hemorrhoids, the boolt explains, can usually be taken at the same time as treatment for tions. Glandular Inflammation. Teamwork was the method by which he achieved these formidable results. "How come you didn't hear my siren?" The Edison laboratory was unique in its many-minded approach to technical FREE/M7n THE AMERICAN l.?;GION MAGAZINF. problems. Inventing was a loner's pro- invited to take up quarters temporarilv fession when Edison took it up, but he llUISTRinEDIieOK in Pope's office. changed all that. His workshop at Menlo Park. N.J.. which he opened in 1876, This New Free Book is At that time gold was a publicly- fully illustrated and traded commodity and frenzied gold was the ancestor in spirit of such mighty deals with diseases peculiar to men. Tak- industrial those speculation kept Wall Street busv and research laboratories as ing a few minutes right now to fill out the tickers humming. On one of the most of today's Bell System and General Elec- the coupon below, may frantic days of the gold boom, the central tric. Which is not to sav that Edison enable you to better enjoy the future years stock ticker that was the leaned undulv on the minds of other Of sending gold of your life and prove quotations out suddenly broke down. men. The real fountain of ideas was to be one of the best investments you ever Edison was in the office when Pope and always his own imagination, and no one made. the other engineers panicked. worked longer hours or contributed

'Fix it! Fix it!" the head of the com- more to the over-all result. EXCELSIOR FILL OUT THIS pany yelled. "Be for As he set up Menlo Park, Edison pro- quick, God's sake." MEDICAL CLINIC COUPON TODAY Edison coolly to posed to turn out "a minor invention went work on the Dept. Ml ISO ticker. His sharp eyes picked out the everv ten days and a big thing every six Excelsior Springs, Mo. trouble, a broken spring. In what soon months or so." He stuck astonishingly Gentlemen: Kindly send me at once, your New FREE Book. I am interested in full in- would be known as the Horatio Alger close to that schedule, though at the ex- formation (Please Check Box) manner, the young inventor corrected pense of his personal life. Edison had Hernia Hemorrhoids Glandular Inflammation the trouble and was rewarded with a fallen in love with one of his own shop consulting job that paid an opulent $300 workers, 16-year-old Mary Stilwell. and NAME- a month. His stock-ticker prosperity they were married in 1871. A family ADDRESS- gave him the opening he needed. With tradition says that Edison headed for his TOWN enough cash to make a start, he soon lab right after the ceremony and toiled STATE had several major projects under way {Continued on pcige 48)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 47 " —

Shrinks Hemorrhoids THOMAS A. EDISON -(Continued from page 47)

New Way Without Surgery far into the night to repair some mal- be great enough to do mechanical work. functioning stock tickers, while his puz- What if a vibrating diaphragm, following Stops Itch -Relieves Pain zled bride awaited his return in unhappv recorded instructions, could reproduce solitude. Finally an associate entered the sound? For the first time science has found a new healing substance with the astonishing laboratory and found Edison there. What he wanted was a machine that ability to shrink hemorrhoids and to relieve "What time is it?" Edison asked him. would take pain — without surgery. down spoken messages that In case after case, while gently relieving "Midnight!" could be transcribed later. Today's pain, actual reduction (shrinkage) took place. The inventor shook his head. phonograph, pouring forth Bach. Bee- Most amazing of all — results were so "Mid- thorough that suflPerers made astonishing night? Is that so? 1 must go home then thoven and the Beatles, did not occur statements like "Piles have ceased to be a I was married todav." to him then. Hoping to invent a useful problem! The secret is a new healing substance The flov\ of inventions \\ as boundless. business machine, he coated rolls of (Bio-Dyne®) — discovery of a world-famous Late in 1875. Edison worked " de- paper with paraffin and pulled them research institute. up a This substance is now available in sup- vice for multiplying copies of letters" along a diaphragm that had a pin pository or ointment form under the name using wa.x-coated stencils. It was the mounted in it. Speaking into the dia- Preparation //®. Ask for it at all drug counters. mimeograph, an invention that few connect with Edison OUTFIT STARTS YOU IN today because he lost interest in it and sold his rights to A. B. BIG MONEY SHOE BUSINESS! Dick of Chicago. Dozens of clever minor Run your own profitable shoe store' business /ra/n homi in spare or full products came from .\lenlo Park. But time. We give you—fflff— complete Starting Outfit that makes Edison's major invention thus far had you S217.00 iXTRA tach month been the multiple.x telegraph for just 2 easy orders a day. You system, and featufe 275 fast-selling dress, he searched for some new path to fame. sport, work shoe styles for men and women. Air-cushion shoes, many other special features! Western Union invited him to develop Sizes 2'/2to 16—widths AAAA to EEEE. Draw on 300,000 pair stock. Your own shoes FREE. Discounts to your fam- a speaking telegraph—that is. a tele- new car at no cost to you. ily Prizes, bonuses—even a — phone. Edison's experiments showed . . Rush postcard for your FREE Starting Outfit today . Now! MASON SHOE, Dept f-m, CHIPPEWA FAUS. WIS. possibilities, but. as a deaf man. he found it hard to follov\ his own work. Mean- Beautify Banquets! while, a professor of phonetics named Alexander Graham Bell carried off the glory, filing for a patent on his telephone in February 1876. Edison was disappointed, but he sau Deluxe "Banquet Time" Gingham Paper Table Covers look like, feel like linen ... at paper prices. flaws in Bell's work and set out to correct Spills wipe dry. Boxed 40' x 150' rolls in Red or them. He conceived a speaker altogether Blue Gingham pattern, or Snow White (300 ). different from Bell's, which depended on ^ for f«£ SAMPUS write _y STRAUBEL PAPER COMPANY a vibrating metal diaphragm. Edison's ,' 615-L Willow St. • Green Bay, Wisconsin transmitting system used granules of "No wonder you call them personal loans. carbon to flow You certainly ask a lot of personal ques- LEARN control the of current through the diaphragm, a major im- tions." MEAT CUTTING provement. He was awarded a patent on THo .AMF.RTC-\N" lilOIOX MAI rfZINK Train quickly in 8 short weeks at his speaker, which was clearly superior Toledo for a bright future with security in the vital meat business. Big pay. full-time Jobs—HAVE A PROFITABLE to Bell's: but the Bell receiver was better phragm cut a groove on the paper: pull- MARKET OF YOUR OWN': Pay after uluation. Diploma given. Job help. than anvthing Edison could put forth. oLisands of successful gi-aduates. Our ing the roll under a second diaphragm nd ve.'irl Send now for big. new suited FREE cataloS- No nbligaiion. G. I. Approved. Through 1878 and 1879. Bell Telephone produced a faint, half-imaginarv pla\- NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING Dert. A-r>4. Toledo 4. Ohio and Edison's Western Union-backed back of the sounds.

American Speaking Telephone Compan\ 'Discover\' is not in\ention." Edison Bargain from London fought it out. There was patent infringe- STAMPEX SHEET later told one of his biographers, ""and 1 ment on both sides and considerable I 1AC BRITISH dislike to see the two words confounded. P'W 105 EMPIRE ugh' feuding before a logical merger re- A discoverv is more or less in the nature Official reproductions ^^^^fib*?^ of 5 famous stamps—£1 ^^^^^^E sulted. Western Union sold its company, of an accident. A man walks along the Royal Wedding. Jubilee. L^centsai LL WESTMINSTER • LO Scouts. Olympics. Europal including Edison's speaker patent, to road intending to catch the train. On the Pins fabulous collection of 105 diff. 1879. for 20Cr royalty British Empire. Includes 99 year old Queen Victoria, Bell in October a wav his foot kicks against something and many others from hard-to-get colonies. Export price interest over the next 17 vears. Edison's only 24c to introduce bargain overseas approvals. ... he sees a gold bracelet imbedded Send 24( in unused U.S. Stamps (no coins) share to a year. Edi- . came S6.000 Now in the dust. He has discovered that . . Satisfaction guaranteed. Ask for Lot YC-8 son's legallv joined BROADWAY APPROVALS, LTD. transmitter could be certainh not invented it. He did not set ^50 Denmark Hill, London S.E. 5. England ^ to Bell's receiver. Edison had made a out to find a bracelet, vet the value is just significant and lasting contribution to as great." The phonograph was both a telephon\ —though the credit has alw avs discoverv and an invention for Edison. gone to Alexander Graham Bell. Its true possibilities came upon him un- Edison's work with the telephone led awares after he had put in long hours of him. more or less accidentallv. into painstaking inventive labor, the "98'^^ stumbling upon the phonograph. The perspiration" that he liked to say went problem of transmitting speech ga\ e him with the "2Tf inspiration." insight into the problem of reproducing Late in 1877. although deep in con- speech. Working with a telephone re- troversv with Bell over the telephone.

ceiver diaphragm in the summer of 1 877. Edison found time to build a phono-

PITTSBURGH • CHICAGO • BOSTON • DALLAS • ATLANTA • LOS ANGELES Edison noticed that its vibrations might graph. A needle cut grooves into a tin-

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 — j

foil-covcrcd cylinder as he turned a on every stock exchange, and Edison crank. His own workmen thought the got what he wanted—financial backing Enjoy Profits from idea fantastic, but he approached the from titans like J. P. Morgan and W. H. first working model and bellowed into its Vanderbilt. Late in 1878, the Edison Your Own Business diaphragm the nursery jingle "Mary had Electric Light Co. was organized. a little lamb." Back from the machine For the next ten months. Edison came the ghostly but recognizable voice wrestled with the twin problems of de- Wiiiie Still Employed

of Edison! He had his patent three signing the bulb and the distribution Without quitting your job or losing one pay months later, and all the world gasped system. Working to the limit of his en- check, you can enjoy growing profits from your OWN nationally advertised business. in wonder at the incredible talking durance, he exhausted one possibility Free 24 page book tells how men do it . . . how machine. after another in the quest. What sub- they grow to a full time, high profit business. The phonograph was astounding, but stance would serve as a filament? How Hourly gross profit is S9 plus S6 on each serviceman. Exclusive absorption process cleans and revives not nearly as astounding as Edison's own could power be stepped down and upholstery, rugs, carpets. 5 other on-location services. Your world-wide service is endorsed by McCall's, creative energy. The challenge of elec- In 1890. brought into the home? looking Parents' Magazine, carpet and furniture makers. tricity caught him now, and he put the back over his work, he wrote, "i speak You need no experience. W e show you how. We finance you for all but a few hundred dollars. Easy to phonograph aside for a decade, thinking without exaggeration when I sav that I learn . . . easy to do . . . easy to build a steady income. We show you 15 tested ways to get customers. it only a toy of small commercial value. have constructed 3.000 different theories L. Babbit writes, "I average S2,600 monthly, part To give the world light! That was his in connection with the electric light, each time. " \V. C. Smith earned S650 in one week. Ed Kramsky said, '"in two years I have two assistants, a as " new goal, the summer of 1878 began. of them reasonable and apparently likelv home and security. G. F. Monroe, after 12 months, Other men had tackled the problem to be true. Yet in two cases only did my sold his business for lU times his cost. Leo Lubel sold his for $7,116 more than he paid. of using electricity for lighting, but their experiments prove the truth of m\ This may be the opportunity of your life. Find out today before some one else gets your location. Mail systems were costly, dangerous and im- theory." coupon now for details and 24-page illustrated free practical. The existing lights were arc book. No oblig;ation. No salesman will call. Mail coupon now while territories are open. lamps, which sent blazing electric cur- PLATINUM PROVED unsatisfactory for r-OURACLEAN COMPANY—-— rents through gaps between carbon rods. a filament. So did nickel, carbon, 5-199 Ouraclean Building, Deerfield, Illinois 60015 I | ' Send 24-paqe booklet telling tiow I can quickly enlarge Edison saw the need for an incandescent chromium and every other substance he I my income in spare time while t build my own full lime I prosperous business. No obligation. light, completely enclosed for the sake could find. Going back to carbon after I NAME of safety and relying not on a naked a year's search, he rolled filaments of I ADDRESS electrical discharge but on a filament that soot and tar, improved on them, and I CITY STATE ZIP could be heated until it glowed. With eventually settled on carbonized cotton I such a bulb he felt that he could bring threads. They glowed and did not burn electric lighting into every home—al- out. On October 22, 1878. Edison and Book Authors! though a whole system of power distribu- his associates kept a bulb burning for Join our successful authors In a com- free plete and reliable publishing program: to 13' 2 It tion would have be devised to bring consecutive hours. was a brave publicity, advertising, handsome books. that about. beginning. Send for FREE report on your manu- script & copy of How To Publish Yourj plunged into the enterprise with He Other filament materials followed Book. his usual vigor and total concentration. at one point Edison decided that bamboo CARLTON PRESS Dept. ALU 84 Fifth Ave., New York, 10011 Shrewdly, he began with a publicitv cam- was best, and sent men to every part of paign, letting it be known that he was the world to collect samples—but the on the verge of perfecting a wholly new ELECTRIC SHAVERS basic work was done. The power dis- Brand new, latest models, fully guaranteed. All ' orders mailed m 24 tiours. LIST lighting system, cheap and eflicient, that tribution system posed other dilemmas, OUR /r> 1} ITEM'S MODELS PRICE PRICE "20" would revolutionize the industrial world. — rW^Norelco Speedshaver ,..$19.95 .. SI4.45 but Edison solved them. His concept of 11 Ronson •200" 19.95.. 12.95

Floating . . . JV Noreico "aO" Head . 29.95 . 16.95 Shares of gaslight companies plummeted electricity being stepped down to reach ' •25" Remington 29.50 . . 16.65 the was m^- Remington Lectronic II 37.95.. 24.45 home perhaps the most daring, T Sctiick Super Speed 29.50.. 17.85 Sunbeam with Barber Trim 26,25 .. 18.45 the most imaginative and the most far- f.,.^-^--Add SI 00 eGeneral Electric Co. was founded to ment—even if you mmm^mm^^^^^^^^^ don't know a note now! Famous proven Course manufacture dynamos and light bulbs, makes it easy as A-B-C. Play actual pieces right away FREE BOOK U.S, SCHOOL OF MUSIC. while the Edison Electric Light Co. held Studio A469, Port Woshington, N, Y, 11050, (Est. the basic patents, and a subsidiary, Edi- ISOS. Lie. X. V. State E.liic. Deft.) Tear out this ad. son Electric Illuminating Co. of New IF York, kept lower Manhattan lighted. YOU Edison saw the opportunity to join the ranks of the corporate titans. But he HAVE RUPTURE was not cut out to become a Carnegie this MfMffffff or Rockefeller. His place was in the Get BOOK laboratory, not the board room. Tells how Rupture can be treated by a mild Non-Surgical method that is backed Edison seemed to be able to get along hy a Life Time Certificate of Assurance. This treatment method has a long history almost without sleep. He had a unique of use and is recognized by Authorities knack for dropping off into a brief doze today. Men and Women from all over the country have taken the Non-Surgical Treat- every few hours and refreshing himself ment and reported it is effective. Why put up with wearing a griping, chafing, unsan- enough to continue on without real sleep itary truss? for days. As he closed in on the in- Write today for this FREE BOOK. Tells 'I didn't say that your tie was loud. I just How. explains Why more and more Rupture asked if it had a volume control." candescent bulb filament in October Sufferers are using modern Non-Surgical Treatment Methods. Act Now. No Obligation, 1879, he got along on catnaps for some- EXCELSIOR MEDICAL CLINIC THE AMERICAN I FCION MACAZINE {Continited on page 50) Dept, E 1132 Excelsior Springs, Mo. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 49 —

THOMAS A. EDISON -{Continued from page 49)-

thing like four days in a row. An even their marriage, Mina Edison was the more celebrated vigil was kept in June only person who could tame the unruly, Enjoy the things yoo want NOW with a confidential 1888, when Edison was making stren- self-absorbed inventor and get him away "LOAN -by-M AIL — get any amount, $100 to $1,000. Pay back in uous efforts to revamp his crude early from his laboratory. She became the small monthly installments to fit Cash 30 Monthly your paycheck. Noco-makers. You Gat Pjyments phonograph to keep ahead of the com- mother of three more Edison children, Also, Credit Life Insurance is avail- 00 able, at nominal cost, which will pay, 1104.65X"' petition. A famous photograph, taken Madeleine, Charles and Theodore Edi- the balance of your loan in case of death. ^93.02Tl4.(00 No matter where you live, rush this couponi _532.26X25.I "as he at " appeared 5 a.m. on June 16, son. Charles showed great executive abil- now. Loan Order Blank mailed FREE 36 MonthI)» In a plain envelope. No oblip^ation. you Gtt PlymantsPi, Actl 1888, after five days without sleep," ity. He became a trustee, chairman or DIAL FINANCE CO., 410 Kilpatrick BIdg. 1819.S;1}33.00 Dept. 9 092 - Omaha, Nebraska 6S102 1009.3$1I 40.00 showed the inventor slouched bleaklv board member of many of his fathers I DIAL FINANCE CO., 410 Kilpatrick BIdg. before his phonograph, head propped enterprises, as well as of numerous socie- Dept. 9-092 Omaha. Nebraska 68102 I against his hand as he listened through ties, and civic and Government agencies. I Please rush FREE Loan Order Blank.

earphones to the instrument. Before In 1 939-40 he was Secretary of the Navy,

long, the Edison Phonograph Co. was in 1 1 -44 Governor of Jersey. Address- I and 94 New distributing copies of the picture as ad- Now 75, he lives in New York City. I City. State.. .Zip Code..

I Amovnt you want to borrow t vertising matter, and the legend of Edi- By 1895 Edison was a national celeb- son's superhuman endurance grew. rity, the Wizard of Menio Park, and The electrical industry expanded, but much against his will he found himself How To Stop Edison sold most of his stock holdings lionized, beleaguered by interviewers in the various companies, using the pro- and greeted by other famous figures. The Athlete's Foot Itch ceeds to finance new inventions. He took actress Sarah Bernhardt paid a call on flyer At first sign of itching, a in patent medicines, did advanced him and wrote, "I looked at this man cracking, peeling be- research that brought him close—but of medium height, and I thought of tween toes, apply Dr. not close enough—to wireless transmis- Napoleon I. There is certainly a great Scholl's Solvex for fast

sion and dabbled in a dozen other fields. resemblance between the two men. . . . relief! Amazing medica- tion works three ways: After the death of his wife Mary in Of course, \ do not compare their genius. 1. Stops the intense itch- 1884. Edison was much sought after The one was destructive, the other ing; 2. Kills Athlete's Foot fungi on contact; a rich, famous, fascinating figure. But creative." 3. Promotes healing! Available in Ointment, Liquid and Powder or Push-button Spray. he remained aloof, immersed in his work. Electricity was a world he had con- Lonely, vexed by the problem of raising quered, and he lost interest in it. D-'Scholls SOLVEX' three motherless children, Edison at last Younger men refined his inventions, just began to consider remarriage after a as he had once refined those of others. year as a widower. He was introduced When alternating current made high- to 18-year-old Mina L. Miller, a girl of voltage transmission possible, Edison in- PAYS BIG! Be Your Own Boss in a Pleasant Career charm and attainment, half his age, who sisted on clinging to his direct-current Graduates report substantial incomes. Mi-n and Women of all ages prepare easily and quickly FREE was the daughter of a wealthy, Ohio in- system, though it was clearly obsolete. regardless of previous experience. Course covers BOON TELLS sales, loans, law, appraising & related subjects. dustrialist. She captivated him at once For once he played the role of the con- Diploma Awarded. Study at home or in major cities. HOW Sand NOW for Big FREE Book. No obligalion. Accredited Memt.er N;ition:U Homp .stiidv Counril and an engagement followed. Too deaf servative, the enemy of progress. As a WEAVER SCHOOL OF REAL ESTATE ly.^^ i«»e> 3S21-A Broadway Kansas City. MO.-64111 for ordinary conversation, Edison taught result he lost what little control he had Morse code to young Mina, and sent left over his electric companies and messages of affection to her by tapping Edison General Electric became, in a Old Leg Sores out his words in code on her hands. After merger, simply the General Electric Co,, Are you miserable with pain and aches of leg ulcers, swelling, itch, rash due to deep venous congestion or leg swelling of bulged veins or injuries? Find out about proven VISCOSE that works as you walk. Easy to use. Monev-back guaranteed trial. Send for FREE BOOK today. L. E. VISCOSE COMPANY 100 W. Chicago Ave.. Chicago 10, III. give... so more will live

"None of that stuff for me . he went 0 for 5 yesterday!" THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 —

while Edison Electric Light was swal- lowed up. (Edison Electric Illuminating YOUR MARKET IS UNLIMITED ! YOU HAVE NO became today's Consolidated Edison, but COMPETITION -THIS DARING NO-TIME-LIMIT his name is his only link to it.) Edison was busy in other pastures. He GUARANTEE DOES THE SELLING FOR YOU! revived his neglected phonograph, improved it immeasurably and saw it for ONCE YOU T/ME. the first time as the magnificent enter- fUa BUY MERUU WITH THE ONLY tainment medium it was to become. He TIME- LIGHT BULBS GUARANTEED went into the business of manufacturing SPARE YOU NEVER HAVE phonographs and records, reaping hand- AT ALL LONGER-LIFE ANY TIME TO BUY BULBS some returns—handsome enough to AGAIN- LIGHT BULB IN keep him out of bankruptcy in the 1890's YOU CAN MAKE when he made a disastrous venture into never; DIRECT SELLING a project for extracting iron ore from BIG MONEY!... TODAY! low-yield rocks. Then came motion pictures. He had PICK UP $10.00 AN HOUR AND MORE NO SELLING AT ALL . . . JUST PUT toyed with movies as early as 1887; by -QUICKLY AND EASILY-TELLING ^ DISPLAYS IN STORES ON CONSIGN- 1889 he had a device that made the FRIENDS, NEIGHBORS, OTHERS MENT-THEN RESTOCK WEEKLY images move. He was unaccountably If you can spend a few hours a week For even MORE income, you can slow in filing a patent on it, however, and telling friends, neighbors, people at build a tremendous AUTOMATIC for yourself.and lost millions thereby. In 1893, he wrote work, etc. about Merlite Light Bulbs REPEAT BUSINESS and the sensational NO-TIME- COLLECT AUTOMATIC PROFITS of constructing "a little instrument which LIMIT Free Replacement Guarantee, — without selling — by putting I call the Kinetoscope, with a nickel and you can easily make up to $10.00 an these sales-producing Merlite Light slot attachment. Some 25 have been hour and more— SPARE TIME. Or Bulb Dis- up to $1,000.00 and more in a month plays in ALL made, but am very doubtful if there is full time! Merlite Light Bulbs are the KINDS OF any commercial feature in it, and fear only guaranteed longer-life light bulbs STORES— LIOHT that they will not even earn their cost." in direct selling today. The market supermar- BULBS de- kets, drug, They earned their cost—a few million has hardly been scratched, the mand is fantastic — and you have no hardware, times over. As usual, Edison was balked competition. department, by rival inventors, but did quite well You don't need any fancy song and variety anyway. He left it to others to develop dance or fast-pitch sales talk, either. stores, etc. in your area. the projector, and had to come to terms The daring No-Time-Limit Free Re- placement Guarantee does the selling This Display with them later on. But the profits were for you. Every home needs at least holds 76 enormous, as they were in the phono- 12 to 24 Merlite Light Bulbs to replace Long Life graph business until others perfected the old-fashioned short-life bulbs, and you bulbs in fast- selling sizes, disk records that replaced Edison's can easily turn a big sale on the spot almost every time! Just show custo- and takes up cylinders. mers iron-clad guarantee packed with only a few It did not matter. Now old, he no each bulb that ends future light bulb square inches of space, but is so eye- its big longer was in the vanguard of progress, bills forever — unconditionally offers to catching (with announcement replace FREE any burned-out Merlite of the amazing NO-TIME-LIMIT but was wealthy, with a life- crowded it creates im- Light Bulb — no matter when it burns GUARANTE:E) that time of success behind him. Nor did out — in 5 years, 10 years, or longer pulse sales of 6 to 12 bulbs per custo- Edison ever lose the inventive spark. He there's no time limit! You can easily mer, right and left! was busy in WWl, turning out imagina- make $50.00 profit for just a few Store Owners Welcome You With Open Arms! orders a day in spare time. Merlite tive military devices. However, none of Ott'iT to put the Merlite Bulb Display in men are making this much and more any store on consignment, and watch the them was adopted for wartime use. He — right now! store owner snap up your offer! Without founded a whole new industry with investment or inventory problem, he makes his AMAZING GUARANTEE PAYS UP TO a nice profit on every Bulb sold . . . and so electric storage battery. Even as late as $1,000.00 IN A MONTH . . . HAS do you! All you do is come around once a 1929, when he was 82 and wracked by PAID OVER $2,000,000.00 SO FAR! week, refill the display and collect your profit for the Bulbs sold from the Self- diabetes and kidney troubles, he was at Men and women have already pocketed OVER 2 MILLION DOLLARS in profits Selling Display during the week. Without work on a process to manufacture rub- just repeating the 14-word Guarantee. any selling, you make big profits- auto- matic repeat profits — from every Display ber from goldenrod plants. "We are just You, too, can make big money easily. Get all the facts about this sensational money- you put in stores! beginning," he said. Death interrupted making opportunity . . . FREE! Mail him in 1931. He had lived on into a coupon NOW! CDETI MONEY-MAKING rif tt. SALES KIT world of phonographs, electric lights and Ciet conipli'te Ilhistratcd .^alcs Kit that Fully Read How Great These Men Are Doing! describes your trctiiciKlniis titn[u'\ -tnakiiit: op- all movies— of his own making, and had LiL-lit portunity with NhTlitc I.iHikMT-I.ifc Hulhs Averages $12.00 an Hour —coliiiil(.'l<' witli Hniiiis-Profit starlni.; offer provided the foundation for the work of Showing Bulbs Part Time! and trrnjfhini; need to make nione\' frs . pins Homis-Profit (Pl.KA.SE I'KI.N l l. him, and he left an impress on the man, and he ordered I'/j cases. g KKKK. no obliKation, Again $25.64 profit in less than 3 I world that can scarcely ." be compre- minutes . . Name Woodrow Baker, Oklahoma hended. A thousand times a day, in Address whatever we do, we make contact with MERLITE INDUSTRIES, INC. Dept. AL-9. 5 City State Zip In Canada. Mopa Co.. Ltd.. 371 Dowd St., Montreal I. P.O his simmerins mind. the end Bulb Oiv. 114 E. 32nd St., New York, N.Y. 10016

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 51 Anatomy of A Phenomenon, by Jacques Vallee. henry regnery co., Chicago, ill., $4.95. The legend and proi)ability of "flying saucers" are discussed in this book, with a look into both the historical and modern data connected with the subject.

Uncommon Valor, by James M. Merrill. RAND MCNALLY CO., NEW YORK, N.Y., $6.95. Here is the American soldier as he has been throughout our country's history, brought to life in the letters, diaries and reports of I'.S. military fighting men from 1775 to 1962. Looking out over the Eastern Transvaal, Africa.

The Sportsman's Notebook, by H. S. Tap- ply. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSION, NE\V SHEDDING LIGHT ON THE YORK, N.Y., $7.95. While chiefly a book of facts and tips on 59 fishing and hunting, this expert outdoors- man also advises how to train and care for "DARK CONTINENT. your hinitiiig dogs, and how to set up camp for maxinuini comfort and enjoyment.

AFRICA-A POLITICAL TRAVEL- Africa. There still will be many interracial Challenge for the Pacific, by Robert OGUE, by Thomas Moliiar. flket pub- struggles among the continental peoples, Leckie. doubleday s.- c;o., garden city, LisniN(; cx)., Ni;\v vork, n.y., $6.95. for the blacks fear and distrust the Arabs N.Y.. $5.95. The struggling nationalism of Africa's and are quarreling among themselves. He The Battle of Guadalcanal, as it was emerging nations is excitingly described in decries tr)ing to see .Africa in the same terms fought by the Army, Air Force, Navy and this enlightening new book about tlie world's in which )ou'd view a continent inhabited Marines, is retold in a book which is the second largest continent. predominantly by white men, for he feels first volume in the series "The Crossroads of Mr. Mohiar traveled through Africa as a the black man's temperament, way of look- World History." tourist, learning all he could aboul the con- ing at things and value system are very tinent an

is designed to be easily comprehensible to The Fast Gourmet Cookbook, by Poppy Procession, by John Gunther. harper &- parents who are called upon to assist their Cannon. FLEET PUBLISHING CORP., NEW ROW, NEW YORK, N.Y., ,'>6.95. children with their math homework. VORK, N.Y., .|4.95. A collection of profdes of leading figures Recipes that are efficient, practical and of the 20th century, among them: Eden, print can usually be temptingly good, from appetizer to dessert, Home, Wilson and Churchill of England; Books that are in purchased at local bookstores, or ordered all in 30 minutes or less. DeValera of Ireland: Adenauer of West Ger- many; De Gaulle of France; Roosevelt and through them if not in stock. Readers zvho Truman of the United States and Dr. may wish to order books directly from pub- Russian America, by Hector Chevigny. Schweitzer at Lambarene in French Equa- lishers can obtain publishers addresses from THE VIKING PRESS, NEW YORK, N.Y., $5.95 torial .Africa. Written by the author of the their bookstores. We regret that ice do not The story of the settlement and develop- "Inside" books, many of the personality have a reader service staff, and can only ment of our 49th state, Alaska, by the Rus- sketches have been reprinted from Gun- return to the senders requests to purchase sians from 1741 to 1867. ther's earlier works. books that are sent to this nmgazine. editors

52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 !

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SEPTIC TANK TROUBLE? NORTHEL Reactivator works to keep septic tank and cesspool clean. A FOLDING TABLES DIRECr-from-FACTORY bacteria concentrate Folding and • equip- Chairs savings, quality breaks up solids and Stacking ment and complete Storage Trucks grease—works to pre- • selection have made • Risers and Stages vent overflow, back-up, modern Monroe Folding LABELS • Room Partitions Tables FIRST CHOICE odors. Regular use can Start using the new Zip coile niinitiers on \ our re with organizations the save costly pumping or turn address laliels. ^Any name, address and Zip code world over! Also big di,gging. Simply mix dry powder in water, beautifully printed in black on crisp white gmnmed savings on chairs, paper. Rich gold trim. Up to 4 lines. 2" long. Set of storage trucks, risers, flush down toilet. Non-poisonous, non- 500 labels in plastic box. 50c. Ppd. Fast service. partitions, etc. Send caustic. Money back guarantee of satis- Money-back guarantee. If you don't know the cor- today for your FREE 40-page catalog! faction. Six months' supply, $3.35 ; full rect Zip code number, just add 10c per set and we year's supply only $6.00, postpaid, will look it up for any address. Same fast service. THE MONROE CO. Send for free catalog. NORTHEL DISTRIBUTORS. AL-9 69 Church Street 5509-10 Drake BIdg. P,0. Box 1103, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55440 V^Taltfkr r)rnlf*» Colfax, Iowa 50054 YVmid iyiitA.C Colorado Springs, Colo, 80901 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 53 ^

i. El The1 lie niTILIllUnilAMERICAN LLUIUliLEGION ULnUwIICLASSIFIEDILU

For rates, write to Classified, Inc.

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54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 .

U.S. GOV'T SURPLUS DIRECT FROM GOV'T. FOR ONLY A FRACTION OF ORIGINAL COST. BUY FOR AS LITTLE AS 2( AND 3( ON THE DOLLAR!! This section is presented as a Examples: service to readers and adver- JCCPS $63.00 BOATS $178.00 BICYCUS $5.50 tisers. All products are sold rtlfSCOPfS $4.00 LIATHCR BOOTS tf5< witii a money-back guarantee. lYPeWRITlRS $8.79 AIRPLANCS $159.00 When ordering, please allow a RCFRIGIRATORS $5.00 PASS. BUSSIS $308.00 reasonable amount of time for COMPLETE SOURCES AND INFORMATrON ON HOW YOU CAN BUT THOUSANDS handling and shipping. OF ITEMS FROM COV'T- inLL:: rnLt;! tituum ms men of THAN 500 ITEMS. rOU CAN ORDER DIRECT BT MAIL AT RtDICULOUSLT LOW ONIY J 1.00 SURPLUS PRICES YOURS FREE WHEN YOU SEND 11.00 FOR THE DIRECTORY. SURPLUS BARCAINS. DEPT YHII It tMI WO'ID S lARCISr STOCK !f (05 THIRD AVENUE RIFLES 10 9] PISTOL BELTS I DS uii Rafti. wiiiii TiiiiM. : NEW YORK 16, N. Y. PARACHUTES 3I.I9 STEEL HELMETS 2. IS Swordf, Paratrooper ^ BOATS 16.49 CIANT BALLOONS l.ll Boot!, Flail. Sletpini ,1 .ndoi* 91.00. Sand th« bined calolog onda Bail. Coll, Prionoi. SHOES 1.(S MODEL CANNONS !.]• dirotrory immodiol demand Ihot my money* JACKETS 3.2S BAYONETS l.tS Doltclort. Bu|l«i, will b« rafunded i nol completely lotiified. TENTS ( SS CARTRIOCE BELTS I.OS M",': I . BlankotI, Bulitt Proot i i BAYONETS 2.15 Alio will r > lull I ilund with my lint order Vaill. Flarei. Carlridia i HAND CRENAOES 1.(0 CANTEENS (7e Bollt. Ammo, Rifle Scopet.i COMMANDO KNIVES 1.]| FOLDING STOVE 1.9t Hapi. Shoveli. Canloint. NoiTie- COMPASSES I.OS FIELD PACK 1.09 Saddlti, Firtt Aid HOLSTERS 2.19 MIRRORS CIC Suppliei. Sunilaittt. MACHETTES 2.19 FIELD JACKETS 1.29 M«si Kilt. Haversacki. . :Addr*>i COCClESeiC AND Bunk Bldl. AND HUNDREDS MORE / BUr ONE, TWO OR A DOZEN OF ANY ITEM YOU WANT. • City PDINiMUM ORDIDS AS tOW AS IS, 00 ACCEPTABLE 1000 FULL PURCHASE PRICE OF $1.00 REFUNDED WITH FIRST ORDER OF S10.00 OR MORE ZIP CODE YOUR ZIP CODE Vi'HEN LABELS GIVE ANSWERING ADS

SPEED MAIL by using new zip code num- bers on your return address labels. Any Amazing New name, address and zip code in distinctive blue ink on quality white gummed paper. WALLPAPER REMOVER Packed in plastic case in handy padded No expensive steaming, no tiresome scraping. Mix 2 ozs. of form. 1,000 for $1. Special: any 6 orders liquid concentrate in a gallon of water. Apply with rag, brush, for $5. Hubbard House. Dept. Z-25, 183 sponge or spray. Penetrates paper, loosens adhesive, paper Essex St., Boston, Mass. 02111 "skins off" smoothly. Works on painted-over wallpaper, too. Safe as water. 16 ozs., enough for 3 average rooms, $2.98 + 25c postage. Guaranteed. Money back if returned postpaid NOW-YOU can make the truly modern conversation within thirty days. NEL-KING Products • Dept. AL-95K pieces - the breathtakingly beautiful sofas, armchairs, 811 Wyandotte • Kansas City, Missouri 64105 ottomans, built-ins, headboards, cornices seen in color photos in HOUSE BEAUTIFUL. AMERICAN HOME AND SUNDAY MAGAZINES Make slipcovers, draperies, cushions Work on home furnishings, cars tioats MARY trailers' Learn MODERN UPHOLSTERY AND YOU CAN MAKE MONEY TEN DIFFERENT WAYS! FAST. EASY. AT HOME. NO OVERHEAD! Card or letter to: r lesson, GIVE MODERN UPHOLSTERY INSTITUTE I'^^mv'cTiCamnle Box 899-LN. Orange, Calif. AT THE/e\ SIGN

DEN-SHUR CUP. Give valuable platework a soothing bath. Dentist designed of OF THE opaque plastic inscribed with any first name to 10 letters. Spillproof, watertight, unbreakable. Fits any bridge or plate. Use with any denture cleanser. $1, ppd. Select RINGING BELL Values, Dept. AL 70, 30-68 Steinway St., Long Island City 3, N Y. FORDS and DODGES All are 4 door with automatic transmissions, good tires These cars h^ve been carefully maintained by their former owners, N Y taxi fleet operators No different than regular passenger cars Shipping arranged for you for $50. plus gas and oil You may come in and pick anyone you Irke.

of Loan I Payments ^^BACK-EASER ^45^" Tp]*"// 1000 $100 $5 59 PiPeut anted It's easy to borrow by mail. It $300 $16.77 $5 you are steadily employed, you photos and catalog can borrow up to $500 $27.63 plus 25c $1000 on your signature only. No endorsers, postatre no AmounthO Monthly time off from work, For men and women. Makes you ap- no personal of loan* Payment9 interviews. Handled pear inches slimmer, improves posture, entirely by mail in $800 I $36 62 helps relieve tensed sacroiliac nerves. strict confidence. Details mailed in plain envelope. Strong, form-fitting, washable. Snap $]000 I $45.10 front. Encircling pull straps for AMERICAN LOAN PLAN, Dept. OA-155 AMOUNT_ easy adjustment and instant relief. City National BIdg., Omaha, Nebr. 68102 Large foam rubber pad holds, mas- I NEED sages back — stimulates circulation. Name Prescribed by doctors. No fitting. Address Send hip measurement. ASSOCIATED AUTO WHOLESALERS CORP. Piper Brace City Co., Dept. AL-95B State ^ .Zip I • 194 Lauman lane F 9 Hicksville, NY 1 1801 Phone 516 G[ 3 ?«60 811 Wyandotte Kansas City, Mo. 64105 Age Occupation _ THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1965 55 "

SNEAKY Ah! How pretty, bright and green SHOTS Sparkling through the envelope, PARTING sight Sublime a as may be seen. Joyous answer to a hope.

I open it with tender care And hasten then to cuss, by heck! Any creditor who would prepare A dun, on paper like a check. John Boyd

SICK JOKE Medical costs are so high that only the well-heeled can get well healed. Jack Herbert NOTHING SO SHOCKING Let's face it. (rial marriage Goes on all the while- Year after year, it's Trial after trial! Thomas Usk INSECT AU GO-GO Exterminating sign: "We make your ants say ,'uncle'." F.Dw ARD Barrett SNICKER HAPPY When the boss makes a joke, if you're bright. You'll keep this wise coiuisel in sight; "Sometimes I get the urge to walk into an employment agency and In response to his jest give myself up." 1 lie Last Laugh ain't the best It's the In.U laugh thai gets you in right. DlRCK POORE UPWARD LETDOWN SOMETHING ABOUT A UNIFORM The higher the office, the greater the Bobby, lespleiulent in his first Scout uniform, paraded before the neigh- responsibilities. In other words, the pun- speechless as the .Scout strode borhood gang. His pal, )oe, looked on Cub ishment fits the climb. up and down with a martial air. .\t last Hobby wheeled to a halt, stretched S. S. BiDDLE his well-tailored self to its greatest height and demanded: "\Vell. joe. what d'ya think?" SWEET LAMENT Nature has played me Joe's eyes were soulful. A dirty trick, "Oh, man!" he breathed. "\Vhen I'm old enough to be a Scout, I'll " I'm allergic to candy- never wear civvies again! It thick! F. G. Kfrnan makes me Si ZANNE Douglass ORDERS FROM ON TOP A stout little fellow discussed his tennis game with a friend. "When my opponent hits the ball to me my brain immediately barks out a command to my body: 'Race up to the net'— it says, 'slam a blistering drive to the far corner of the court, jump back into position to return the next volley'." "Then what?" asked his friend. "Then," sighed the rotund one, "My body says, 'Who—me?' rnoMAs April

SHARP REPARTEE The one-armed stranger winced as the barber nicked him again. But the razor wielder chattered on unnoticing. "Haven't you been here before?" he babbled. "No," said the stranger, glowering, "I lost my arm in a hinning accident." Joseph Sai.ak

BETTER THAN IN-FLIGHT MOVIES It was on a plane trip from Los Angeles to New York that a young fellow couldn't keep his eyes off a shapely blonde across the aisle from him. He ogled her constantly until he got a crick in his neck and his eyes were tired from the strain. Finally an elderly man sitting with him said: "Young fellow, if you'd like to rest for a while, I'll be glad to watch that girl for you." "Yes, you can help me. I'm looking for Dan Bennett an anniversary card edged in black."

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1955 What's so good about The Sure One?

AskThe Sure Ones*

They're the people who know better whiskey when they taste it. And they've learned not to settle for less than Seagram's 7 Crown. Experience has taught them it adds a special quality to their pleasure any way it's poured. It should. Better whiskey always makes a better drink. Say Seagram's and be Sure.

SEAGRAM DISTILLERS COMPANY. NXC, BLENDED WHISKEY. 86 PROOF. 65% GRAIN NEUTRAL SPIRITS. Which free gift does your Post need first?

(New baseball uniforms? a TV? Cash? You-telUus!)

New CUSffiy and MfSld

can help you get it fast !

Exciting "Group Savings" Plan! Now Galaxy and Alpine offer an oppor-

tunity for your Post to get the gift you need -fast ! Any item you wish to choose for your Post or donate to any charitable organization can be yours. When you've decided on the gift you want, contact us for information about our special incentive plan to help you get your gift quickly.

Dividend in flavor too! New Galaxy gives you the flavor of pedigreed tobaccos through charcoal granules... Alpine gives you a brisk men- thol flavor.

Write u,s today! Have your adjutant write concerning your gift needs to: Group Savings Plan Director, Box 1111, Dayton, Ohio.

Now both Galaxy and Alpine give you Dividend Coupons- one on each pack, 4 extra in the carton.