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Nilai Moral Dalam Lirik Dangdut Rhoma Irama

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Nilai Moral Dalam Lirik Dangdut Rhoma Irama Mustolehudin NILAI MORAL DALAM LIRIK DANGDUT RHOMA IRAMA Moral Value in Lyrics of Dangdut Compesed by Rhoma Irama MUSTOLEHUDIN MUSTOLEHUDIN ABSTRAK Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Semarang Nilai moral memiliki peran strategis dalam sendi-sendi kehidupan manusia. Nilai-nilai Jl. Untung Suropati Kav. 70 moral tidak hanya terdapat dalam teks-teks suci agama samawi (Al-Qur’an, Hadis, Bambankerep, Ngaliyan, Semarang Taurat, Injil, Zabur dan lain-lain), akan tetapi nilai-nilai moral bisa juga terdapat Telp. 024-7601327 Fax. 024- dalam karya sastra. Salah satu karya sastra yang mengandung nilai-nilai moral 7611386 adalah lirik-lirik musik dangdut Rhoma Irama antara tahun 1970-1980-an. Penelitian e-mail: [email protected] Naskah diterima: 5 September 2012 ini tergolong dalam kategori library research dengan pendekatan content analysis. Naskah direvisi: 8-15 Oktober 2012 Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah semiotic dan hermeneutik. Hasil Naskah disetujui: 9 November 2012 dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa di dalam lirik-lirik musik dangdut Rhoma Irama antara tahun 1970-1980 terdapat nilai-nilai moral yang dapat diimplementasikan dalam kehidupan individu, kehidupan keluarga, kehidupan masyarakat, kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara, serta dalam kehidupan beragama. Di antara nilai- nilai moral tersebut adalah nilai amanah, nilai benar (a-iddîq), nilai kejujuran, nilai keadilan (al-‘Adl), nilai kasih sayang (ar-RaÊmah), nilai persaudaraan, nilai persatuan dan nilai toleransi (tasamuh). Nilai-nilai moral tersebut relevan untuk diimplementasikan dalam segala zaman, yang meliputi masa lampau, masa kini dan masa yang akan datang. Hal ini disebabkan yang menjadi rujukan utama dalam lirik- lirik musik dangdut tersebut adalah bersumber dari Al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Kata kunci: Moral, Lirik, Musik Dangdut, Rhoma Irama. ABSTRACT 0oral values undouEtedly play a signi¿cant role in human life. These values are not only in religious texts (such as Qur’an, Hadits, Old Testament, Bible, Book of Psalms) but also in literatures. One of the examples is lyrics of Rhoma Irama’s song from 1970s to 1980s. This is a library research using a content analysis approach. Meanwhile, this research utilizes semiotic and hermeneutic methods. The ¿ndings show that the lyrics of Rhoma Irama’s song during 1970-1980 contained some moral values which could be implemented in personal life, family, society and religious life. The important values contained in such songs are amanah (trustful), as-siddiq (truth, honesty), al-‘adl (justice), al-rahmah (love), al-ukhuwah (brotherhood) and tasamuh (tolerance). The aforementioned values refer to two Islamic primary sources that are relevant to all times, in the past, present and future. Keywords: Moral Values, Song Lyrics, Dangdut, Rhoma Irama. Jurnal “Analisa” Volume 19 Nomor 02 Juli - Desember 2012 213 Nilai Moral dalam Lirik Dangdut Rhoma Irama PENDAHULUAN manusia diawali dari kesempurnaan individu, karena dari individu-individu yang sempurna Moral dalam kehidupan manusia memiliki akan melahirkan masyarakat yang beradab yang kedudukan yang amat penting. Nilai-nilai moral pada akhirnya akan berimplikasi pada kesempur- sangat diperlukan bagi manusia, baik kapasitas- naan moral. nya sebagai pribadi (individu) maupun sebagai anggota suatu kelompok (masyarakat dan bang- Mengkaji masalah moral, maka akan terkait sa). Peradaban suatu bangsa dapat dinilai mela- dengan etika dan akhlak, meskipun di antara lui karakter moral masyarakatnya. ketiganya terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan. Menurut Amin Syukur (2010: 11) terdapat per- Moral memiliki kedudukan yang amat penting samaan dan perbedaan antara etika dan moral. karena, manusia dalam hidupnya harus taat dan Persamaannya, kedua-duanya sama-sama meng- patuh pada norma-norma, aturan-aturan, adat kaji tentang ukuran baik dan buruk. Sedangkan istiadat, undang-undang, dan hukum yang ada perbedaannya adalah etika melingkupi wilayah dalam suatu masyarakat. Norma-norma, aturan- teori dari ukuran-ukuran tersebut, dan moral aturan, undang-undang, dan hukum, baik yang adalah kenyataan praktis diwujudkannya ukur- dibuat atas kesepakatan sekelompok manusia atau an-ukuran tersebut dalam perbuatan manusia. aturan yang berasal dari hukum Tuhan (wahyu). Terdapat beberapa de›nsi mengenai isti- Norma-norma, aturan-aturan, adat istiadat, lah moral. Pemikir dan pembaharu Islam al- undang-undang, dan hukum yang mengatur ke- Ghazali dalam IÊya’ Ulûm al-Dîn (Jilid III: 52) hidupan manusia, berfaedah atau berfungsi agar berpendapat akhlak adalah keadaan sifat yang manusia dapat hidup sesuai dengan norma yang tertanam dalam jiwa yang darinya muncul per- disepakati dalam komunitas kehidupan manu- buatan-perbuatan dengan mudah, tanpa perlu sia mau pun hukum dari Tuhan. Menurut Ah- pemikiran dan pertimbangan. Senada dengan mad Amin (1975: 6) berpendapat bahwa faedah al-Ghazali, Ibn Maskawaih (1994: 29) mengemu- mempelajari moral (etika) adalah agar manusia kakan, akhlak ialah keadaan jiwa yang karenanya mengetahui tentang mana yang baik dan mana menyebabkan munculnya perbuatan-perbuatan yang buruk. Nilai-nilai moral dalam kehidupan tanpa pemikiran yang mendalam. manusia, dapat memengaruhi dan mendorong manusia untuk membentuk hidup suci dan Sumber utama nilai-nilai moral dalam Is- menghasilkan kebaikan, kesempurnaan, dan lam adalah nilai-nilai yang berasaskan pada ni- memberi faedah kepada sesama manusia. lai ilahiyah (wahyu Allah) yaitu Al-Qur’an dan Hadis Nabi. Selain itu sumber nilai-nilai moral Amin Syukur (2010: iv) berpendapat bahwa adalah bersumber dari ijtihad para ulama, adat- orang yang mempelajari moral (ilmu akhlak) ti- istiadat, peraturan atau undang-undang yang dak akan otomatis menjadi orang yang berakhlak, dibuat atau disepakati oleh sekelompok manusia. karena akhlak adalah keadaan hati yang mendo- Ulama-ulama pada masa lampau, dalam me- rong kepada perilaku atau ucapan baik atau bu- nyampaikan pesan-pesan moral (agama) tidak ruk, tanpa dipikir atau direnungkan terlebih da- terbatas pada teks suci (Al-Qur’an), Hadis Nabi, hulu. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa dan kitab-kitab akhlak, akan tetapi juga melalui faedah mempelajari moral sebagai ilmu (›lsafat karya sastra. Menurut Ibnu Miskawaih (1994: moral) adalah agar mendorong manusia berbuat 19) para ¿lsuf dan ulama menggunaNan media sesuai kaidah-kaidah moral. syair atau puisi untuk menyampaikan nilai-ni- Moral (akhlak) dalam ajaran Islam berfungsi lai ajaran Islam (moral). Salah satu tokoh Islam sebagai sarana untuk mencapai derajat al-Insân yang menggunakan media syair atau puisi untuk Kamîl (manusia sempurna). Ibnu Miskawaih menyampaikan nilai-nilai ajaran Islam (moral) (1994:61-65) berpendapat bahwa kesempurnaan adalah Ibn Miskawaih. 214 Jurnal “Analisa” Volume 19 Nomor 02 Juli - Desember 2012 Mustolehudin Moral dan estetika mempunyai hubungan berbangsa, bernegara, dan beragama. Adapun yang saling terkait antara keduanya. Moral ber- kegunaan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Secara teori- hubungan dengan nilai baik dan buruk, sedang tis, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan estetika berhubungan dengan kehalusan, kese- kontribusi akademik khususnya di bidang sosial larasan, dan keindahan (Magnis-Suseno, 2003: budaya Islam. 2) Secara praktis, penelitian ini 212-213). Relasi antara moral dan lirik musik, diharapkan dapat berguna bagi dunia permusik- terutama dalam lirik musik dangut Rhoma Irama an di Indonesia. Secara khusus penelitian ini di- terdapat hubungan yang saling bersinggungan. harapkan berguna bagi Komisi Penyiaran Indo- Dalam lirik musik dangdut di samping memuat nesia dalam membuat kebijakan perizinan penyi- nilai-nilai estetika juga memuat nilai-nilai moral aran. Dalam hal ini diharapkan agar KPI selektif (pesan moral). dalam memberikan izin bagi industri musik se- hingga lagu-lagu yang beredar di masyarakat me- Sebagaimana ulama dan pujangga dalam miliki nilai-nilai moral. menulis karya sastranya terdapat pesan-pesan religi, demikian pula dengan seniman. Salah satu Kerangka Teori seniman dan pelaku musik yang menjadikan lirik Membahas tentang moral, maka akan terkait musik sebagai media penyampaian nilai-nilai re- dengan etika dan akhlak. Istilah moral menurut ligi adalah Rhoma Irama. Ensiklopedi Nasional Indonesia (1990: 372) ber- Melalui lirik musik, Rhoma Irama berusaha asal dari bahasa Latin mores yang berarti norma- mengekpresikan karya-karyanya melalui iring- norma sosial yang menyajikan ukuran, patokan, an genre musik dangdut. Lirik-lirik musik yang atau standar moral bagi tingkah laku individu-in- diperdengarkan kepada pendengarnya, di sam- dividu dalam suatu kelompok atau masyarakat. ping berfungsi sebagai fungsi rekreatif (hiburan) Amin Syukur (2010: 4) berpendapat, moral juga berfungsi sebagai sarana atau media pe- adalah tindakan yang sesuai dengan ukuran-ukur- nyampaian pesan-pesan moral agama. Sebagian an tindakan yang umum dan dapat diterima oleh besar lirik-lirik musik yang diciptakan mengan- kesatuan sosial atau lingkungan tertentu. Semen- dung nilai-nilai ajaran agama, dalam hal ini tara itu Bertens (1993: 9-11) mengemukakan moral adalah ajaran Islam. adalah nilai-nilai dan norma yang menjadi pegang- Rumusan Masalah an bagi seseorang atau kelompok dalam mengatur tingkah lakunya. Pendapat lain sebagaimana dike- Berpijak dari latar belakang di atas, maka mukakan Poespoprodjo (1999: 119-120), moral permasalahan yang akan dikaji dalam penelitian adalah perbuatan yang dianggap benar atau salah ini adalah: 1) Nilai-nilai moral apa saja yang ter- yang didasarkan pada kebiasaan manusia, hukum-
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