the selected letters of the neilson family of galloway and quebec 1789-1845
THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
the SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Edited by Kenneth Veitch
Sources in Local History
I THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
CONTENTS
Preface iii
Acknowledgements v
Editing vi
Maps vii
Family Tree x
List of Letters xi
Introduction xix
Letters 1
Appendices 152
Notes 156
Further Reading 173
II THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
PREFACE
etween them, the Library and Archives Canada (LAC) and the Bibliothèque et Archives Bnationales du Québec (BAnQ) hold a large collection of documents relating to the Neilson family of Quebec. While it mostly comprises the business and political papers of John Neilson (1775-1848), a native of Galloway who emigrated to Quebec in 1791 and rose to become one of its most prominent public figures, it also contains a number of personal documents, including over 250 letters relating to Scotland. The majority of the Scottish letters can be divided into two broad categories. The first consists of correspondence between the Quebec Neilsons and their relatives in Galloway. It begins in 1789 with a letter from Isabel Neilson to her son Samuel, who had emigrated to Quebec a few years earlier, and ends with one sent by William Neilson to the aforementioned John in 1845. Although extensive, this part of the correspondence is far from complete. Most obviously, it is largely one-sided: very few of the letters sent from Quebec to Galloway survive, and then only as drafts or copies. Not all of the letters sent from Galloway, moreover, are extant. Some that are known to have arrived in Quebec were not included in the collections bequeathed to the LAC and BAnQ. Many others failed to reach their intended recipients (Isabel Neilson reckoned that at least half of the letters sent between Scotland and Canada went astray). The second category comprises letters relating to visits made to Scotland by the Quebec Neilsons. Some of them were written by John while he was on political business in Britain. The majority, however, date from 1816-19, when his eldest son Samuel was at Glasgow University, and 1825-26, when another son was at school in Kilmaurs, Ayrshire. Both John and Samuel Jr retained some of the letters they received from Quebec, making this the most rounded part of the surviving correspondence. There are also a small number of letters from friends, business associates, and would-be emigrants that fall into neither category. That the correspondence was maintained for three generations is remarkable, not least because many Scottish emigrants seem to have forgotten their relatives as soon as they reached their destination. In her reminiscences of early nineteenth-century Galloway, Maria Trotter claimed that, ‘In thae days whun folk gaed tae America it was juist like gaun tae Heaven for they were seldom seen or heard o again’; and the frequency with which William Neilson passed on the plaintive requests of neighbours for news about newly emigrated relatives appears to bear this out. The letters preserve the voices of more than thirty men, women and children from a wide cross section of society. The cast of correspondents includes farmers, farm servants, merchants, ministers, printers, school and university students, teachers, type-founders, and a sea captain, as well as various members of the Neilson family. Such first-hand testimony is rare, especially for the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and the insights it provides not only into various aspects of daily life, but also into the habits and mentalities of people who are otherwise silent in the historical record will be of interest to ethnologists. Encompassing a period of significant economic, political and social change in the history of both Scotland and Canada, the letters also offer much to the historian. They provide a local perspective on national and international events, such as the wars with France and the United States of America, the post-war British depression, and the political upheavals on both sides of the Atlantic. They also show how long-term trends (including changes in agriculture, the growth of commerce and industry, and developments in communications) reshaped the lives of individuals and communities; and how a range of factors (including the increasing availability
III THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 of newspapers and the dissemination of Enlightenment ideas) influenced attitudes to education, language, politics and religion. First and foremost, however, the letters tell the story of one family’s experience of emigration from the perspective not just of those who left, but also of those who remained and those who left and came home again.
IV THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
he editor is grateful to Mr Fergus Neilson of Sydney, Australia, not only for bringing the TNeilson correspondence to the attention of the EERC, but also for generously supplying notes he had made in the course of researching a book on his family’s history, The Corsock Neilsons: A Galloway Family. Thanks are also due to Library and Archives Canada and to Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec for providing electronic copies of the letters in their collections. The help of Fiona McParland in translating the letters written in French is also gratefully acknowledged. The front cover shows The Lower City of Quebec from the Parapet of the Upper City by James Pattison Cockburn (Wikimedia Commons) and View of Gatehouse of Fleet by Robert George Kelly (Dumfries and Galloway Council).
V THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
EDITING
n preparing the letters for publication, the aim has been to create an edition that is both true Ito the originals and accessible to a wide readership. To achieve this, a number of editorial conventions have been adopted, as set out here. The letters have been arranged chronologically (rather than by recipient or collection), and presented in a standardised format. Headers provide the name of the sender and of the recipient, and a number by which each letter can be identified. The salutations and valedictions have been reproduced as they appear in the originals, but the dates when the letters were sent have been standardised and placed immediately after the headers. The original spelling has been retained. Its standard varies greatly across the letters, reflecting largely the aptitude of the writer, but also an inconsistent approach typical of the period. To prevent the text from becoming congested with editorial insertions and corrections words that have been misspelled but are readily recognisable have not been annotated. Familiar archaisms have similarly gone unmarked. Missing letters have been inserted in [ ] only when the meaning of the word would otherwise be unclear or hinder easy reading. Sic has been used sparingly, mainly to indicate irregular or archaic spellings or constructions that might otherwise be mistaken for transcribing or typographical errors. For misspelled words that are not immediately obvious, or that might be confused with another word, the correct form is provided in [i.e. ]. In addition, superior numbers and letters have been lowered, and abbreviated words (including ampersands) have been silently expanded. Expansion involving some degree of conjecture is indicated by [ ]. It should be noted that a different approach has been taken when editing the letters sent to Marie Neilson. Written in French of varying quality, they have been translated into standard, modern English with their grammatical errors silently corrected. Although punctuation had been standardised in printed works by the late eighteenth century, it remained highly individual in everyday writing, and a range of approaches can be found in the manuscripts. Some correspondents used dashes and/or spaces of varying length to denote pauses and stops, the sense of which is difficult to convey on the printed page. Others used punctuation erratically, while a few omitted it altogether (or their marks were applied so lightly that they have faded over time). In the interests of clarity and readability, therefore, punctuation throughout the current edition has been modernised, and further punctuation introduced. The cost of posting a letter increased with the number of sheets used, and so correspondents rarely wasted space by dividing their letters into formal paragraphs. Where a new paragraph has been indicated by other means, such as an elongated dash, or where the topic of the letter clearly changes, paragraphing has been introduced. In addition to all these interventions: words that are unclear in the original manuscripts and have been transcribed tentatively are given as [?word]; and, where necessary for sense, missing words are supplied in [ ].
VI THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Map 1. A detail from John Ainslie’s Map of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright (1797), showing Gatehouse of Fleet and its environs. Lagganorie, where the Neilsons resided briefly before moving to Gatehouse, has been circled. (Reproduced courtesy of the National Library of Scotland. http://maps.nls.uk)
VII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Map 2. A detail from John Ainslie’s Map of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright (1797), showing Castle Douglas and its environs, including part of the parish of Balmaghie. Dornal (usually spelled Dornald in the letters), where the Neilsons had farmed, has been circled, as has Nathaniel Neilson’s estate of Springfield. (Reproduced courtesy of the National Library of Scotland. http://maps.nls.uk)
VIII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Map 3. A detail from Peter Fleming’s Map of the City of Glasgow and its Suburbs (1807). Richmond Street, where Samuel Neilson stayed while attending the College, has been circled. (Reproduced courtesy of the National Library of Scotland. http://maps.nls.uk)
IX THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 1. William 1. William 2. Ann 3. Isabel (d.1868) 4. Alexander 5. Nathaniel (d.1885) 6. Janet Agnes (d. 1820) 7. 8. Malcolm Agnes (1779-1860) Ross m. Alexander ( c .1773-1841) (1805-95) XI 1. Isabel (1798-1873) 2. Samuel (1800-37) 3. Mary (1802-?) 4. Elizabeth (1804-04) 5. William (1808-94) 6. Margaret 7. Janet (1810-17) 8. Agnes (1812-37) 9. Frances (1815-18) 10. John Jr (1820-96) John (1776-1848) m. Marie-Ursule Hubert (1780-1866) Janet (1774-1853) m. Charles McKeand (1769-1831) THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 AND QUEBEC OF GALLOWAY THE NEILSON FAMILY OF THE SELECTED LETTERS (1772-1857) William William Samuel (1771-93) family tree family (1795-1826) Margaret (1768-1851) Margaret Palmer m. William (1766-1837) 4. Robert (1796-1868) 5. Isabel ( c .1799-1886) 6. Agnes (1800-02) 7. Jean (1802-16) (1804-71) 8. Margaret 9. Samuel (1806-81) 10. Mary (1809-91) John (1811-81) 11. 1. Mary (c.1791-92) 2. Janet (1793-1835) 3. William Isabel Brown (1741-1822) Agnes Hawthorn (1738-64) (2) Isabel Brown Neilson (1726-80) m. (1) William Isabel (1766-71) X Samuel (1763-63) Nathaniel (1760-1834) m. Barbara Agnew (1791-1865) 1.William (1813-62) 1.William 2. Anna (1814-41) 3. Mary ( c .1816-?) 4. Nathaniel (1818-47) (1820-20) 5. George 6. Agnes (1821-1905) 7. David (1822-37) 8. Euphemia (1826-99) (1826-58) 9. Georgina 10. Barbara (1830-55) Andrew 11. (1831-95) A simplified family tree showing the children and grandchildren of William Neilson (1726-80). The names of those whose letters appear in the present collection are given bold. William Neilson (1726-80). A simplified family tree showing the children and grandchildren of THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 AND QUEBEC OF GALLOWAY THE NEILSON FAMILY OF THE SELECTED LETTERS 1. Christy (d.1834) 2. William Mary ( c .1758-1814) m. James Allan X
THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
LIST OF LETTERS
No. From To Date
1 Isabel Brown [Neilson] Samuel Neilson 29 July 1789 2 Isabel Brown [Neilson] Samuel Neilson 16 August 1789 3 Samuel Neilson Isabel Neilson 13 November 1790 4 Samuel Neilson William Neilson 22 November 1790 5 Isabel Brown [Neilson] Samuel Neilson February 1791 6 William Neilson Samuel Neilson February 1791 7 John Neilson Samuel Neilson February 1791 8 John Kennedy Samuel Neilson March 1791 9 William, James and Samuel Brown Samuel Neilson 17 March 1791 10 William Palmer Samuel Neilson 22 March 1791 11 Isabel Brown [Neilson] Samuel Neilson 23 March 1791 12 William Neilson Samuel Neilson 23 March 1791 13 Isabel Brown [Neilson] Samuel Neilson 23 August 1791 14 William Neilson Samuel Neilson 23 August 1791 15 Andrew Brown Samuel Neilson 28 December 1791 16 Isabel Neilson Samuel Neilson 27 February 1792 17 William Neilson Samuel Neilson 27 February 1792 18 William Neilson John Neilson 27 February 1792 19 Isabel Neilson Samuel Neilson 12 March 1792 20 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 12 March 1792 21 Andrew Brown Samuel Neilson 17 March 1792 22 David McLellan Samuel Neilson May 1792
XI THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
23 Andrew Brown Samuel Neilson 28 June 1792 24 Samuel Neilson William Neilson 29 July 1792 25 Samuel Neilson Isabel Neilson 29 July 1792 26 Samuel Neilson William and Janet Palmer 29 July 1792 27 William Palmer Samuel Neilson 30 January 1793 28 Isabel Brown [Neilson] Samuel Neilson 30 January 1793 29 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 30 January 1793 30 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 8 April 1793 31 William Neilson John Neilson 8 April 1793 32 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 27 August 1793 33 William Neilson John Neilson 29 August 1793 34 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 25 August 1794 35 William Neilson John Neilson 25 August 1794 36 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 11 August 1795 37 Charles and Janet McKeand John Neilson 11 August 1795 38 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 30 March 1796 39 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 4 July 1796 40 Charles McKeand John Neilson 4 July 1796 41 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 4 February 1797 42 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 5 April 1797 43 John Neilson Isabel Neilson 9 August 1797 44 John Neilson Isabel Neilson 27 August 1797 45 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 16 December 1798 46 William Neilson John Neilson 16 December 1798 47 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 1 March 1799 48 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 9 March 1799 49 William Neilson John Neilson 9 March 1799 50 William Neilson John Neilson 3 October 1799 51 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 13 January 1801 52 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 16 May 1801 53 William Neilson John Neilson 16 May 1801 54 James Brown and John McFie John Neilson 29 May 1801 55 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 30 November 1801 56 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 3 March 1802 57 William Neilson John Neilson 19 September 1802
XII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
58 John Neilson Isabel Neilson 12 November 1802 59 James Brown and Samuel Brown John Neilson 28 January 1803 60 David McLellan John Neilson 29 January 1803 61 William Neilson John Neilson 16 April 1803 62 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 17 April 1803 63 John Neilson Isabel Neilson 27 October 1803 64 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 27 March 1804 65 William Neilson John Neilson 28 March 1804 66 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 24 April 1805 67 William Neilson John Neilson 24 April 1805 68 John Neilson Isabel Neilson 25 October 1805 69 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 28 December 1805 70 William Neilson John Neilson 28 December 1805 71 William Neilson John Neilson 30 March 1806 72 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 30 March 1806 73 John Neilson Isabel Neilson 30 November 1806 74 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 2 May 1807 75 William Neilson John Neilson 2 May 1807 76 William Neilson John Neilson 30 December 1808 77 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 30 December 1808 78 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 31 March 1809 79 William Neilson John Neilson 31 March 1809 80 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 28 February 1811 81 William Neilson John Neilson 28 February 1811 82 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 25 February 1812 83 William Neilson John Neilson 25 February 1812 84 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 2 October 1812 85 William Neilson John Neilson 2 October 1812 86 William Neilson John Neilson 28 January 1813 87 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 28 January 1813 88 William Neilson John Neilson 29 August 1813 89 William Neilson John Neilson 3 April 1814 90 John Neilson William Neilson 12 August 1814 91 William Neilson John Neilson 31 September 1814 92 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 31 September 1814
XIII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
93 Robert Palmer John Neilson 24 October 1814 94 William Palmer and Margaret Neilson John Neilson 24 October 1814 95 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 25 February 1815 96 William Neilson John Neilson 25 February 1815 97 William Neilson John Neilson 30 December 1815 98 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 30 December 1815 99 John Neilson Marie Neilson 19 August 1816 100 John Neilson Marie Neilson 3 September 1816 101 John Neilson Marie Neilson 4 September 1816 102 John Neilson Marie Neilson 7 September 1816 103 John Neilson Marie Neilson 25 September 1816 104 William Chrystal John Neilson 30 September 1816 105 John Neilson Marie Neilson 4 November 1816 106 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 13 November 1816 107 William Rayside Samuel Neilson Jr 14 November 1816 108 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 18 November 1816 109 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 25 November 1816 110 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 7 December 1816 111 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 10 December 1816 112 John Neilson Marie Neilson 29 December 1816 113 Robert Palmer John Neilson 31 December 1816 114 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 1 January 1817 115 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 5 January 1817 116 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 24 January 1817 117 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 24 January 1817 118 Samuel Neilson Jr Marie Neilson 31 January 1817 119 Samuel Neilson Jr Isabel Neilson Jr 31 January 1817 120 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 1 February 1817 121 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 16 February 1817 122 John Neilson Robert Palmer 16 February 1817 123 William Rayside Samuel Neilson Jr 21 February 1817 124 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 26 February 1817 125 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 1 March 1817 126 William Rayside John Neilson 2 March 1817 127 Samuel Neilson Jr William Neilson 7 March 1817
XIV THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
128 Nathaniel Neilson John Neilson 26 March 1817 129 Samuel Neilson Jr Marie Neilson 7 April 1817 130 Samuel Neilson Jr Isabel Neilson Jr 7 April 1817 131 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 8 April 1817 132 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 14 April 1817 133 Charles McKeand John Neilson 17 April 1817 134 Isabel Neilson Jr Samuel Neilson Jr 23 April 1817 135 William Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 25 April 1817 136 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 5 May 1817 137 Samuel Neilson Jr Isabel Neilson Jr 5 May 1817 138 Samuel Neilson Jr Marie Neilson 15 May 1817 139 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 20 May 1817 140 William Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 24 May 1817 141 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 30 May 1817 142 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 2 June 1817 143 William Palmer Jr John Neilson 18 June 1817 144 Samuel Neilson Jr Isabel Neilson Jr 27 June 1817 145 William Chrystal Samuel Neilson Jr 28 June 1817 146 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 1 July 1817 147 Samuel Neilson Jr Marie Neilson 1 July 1817 148 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 12 July 1817 149 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 1 August 1817 150 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 10 August 1817 151 Samuel Neilson Jr Marie Neilson 10 August 1817 152 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 22 August 1817 153 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 27 August 1817 154 Samuel Neilson Jr William Neilson Jr 27 August 1817 155 William Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 21 September 1817 156 Isabel Neilson Jr Samuel Neilson Jr 10 October 1817 157 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 11 October 1817 158 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 8 November 1817 159 William Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 23 November 1817 160 William Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 22 December 1817 161 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 10 January 1818 162 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 14 January 1818
XV THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
163 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 13 February 1818 164 William Palmer Jr John Neilson 22 February 1818 165 William Neilson John Neilson 16 March 1818 166 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 16 March 1818 167 William Chrystal John Neilson 3 April 1818 168 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 6 April 1818 169 Samuel Neilson Jr Isabel Neilson Jr 17 April 1818 170 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 10 May 1818 171 Samuel Neilson Jr William Neilson Jr 20 May 1818 172 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 1 June 1818 173 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 29 June 1818 174 William Neilson John Neilson 24 July 1818 175 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 24 July 1818 176 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 24 July 1818 177 Samuel Neilson Jr Marie Neilson 24 July 1818 178 Samuel Neilson Jr Isabel Neilson Jr 26 July 1818 179 Alex Wilson John Neilson 6 August 1818 180 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 14 October 1818 181 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 19 February 1819 182 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 8 March 1819 183 William Neilson John Neilson 8 March 1819 184 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 8 March 1819 185 Alexander Wilson & Co. John Neilson 1 April 1819 186 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 26 April 1819 187 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 11 May 1819 188 William Chrystal John Neilson 24 May 1819 189 Samuel and William Clark William Neilson 24 May 1819 190 William Neilson John Neilson 24 May 1819 191 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 24 May 1819 192 John Brown John Neilson 26 May 1819 193 Alexander Ross John Neilson 24 July 1819 194 William Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 2 January 1820 195 Alexander Wilson Samuel Neilson Jr 5 January 1820 196 William Neilson John Neilson 31 March 1820 197 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 31 March 1820
XVI THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
198 John Greenshields John Neilson 5 April 1820 199 William Palmer Jr John Neilson 16 June 1820 200 William Chrystal John Neilson 23 October 1820 201 William Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 1 April 1821 202 Isabel Neilson John and Samuel Neilson Jr 1 April 1821 203 William Neilson John Neilson 19 May 1821 204 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 8 February 1822 205 William Neilson John Neilson 8 February 1822 206 William Neilson John Neilson 19 March 1822 207 William Neilson John Neilson 19 April 1822 208 Isabel Neilson John Neilson 19 April 1822 209 William Neilson John Neilson August 1822 210 Isabel Neilson John Neilson August 1822 211 Samuel Neilson Jr William Neilson [c.1823] 212 William Neilson John Neilson 31 August 1823 213 John Clark William Neilson 27 March 1824 214 William Neilson John Neilson 27 March 1824 215 John Greenshields John Neilson 24 March 1825 216 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 26 July 1825 217 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 29 July 1825 218 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 30 July 1825 219 Samuel Neilson Jr John Neilson 6 August 1825 220 William Neilson Jr John Neilson 19 August 1825 221 William Neilson Jr John Neilson 29 August 1825 222 William Neilson Jr John Neilson 25 September 1825 223 William Neilson Jr Marie Neilson 5 November 1825 224 William Neilson Jr John Neilson 9 January 1826 225 William Neilson Jr Samuel Neilson Jr 21 February 1826 226 William Neilson Jr John Neilson 11 March 1826 227 William Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 23 March 1826 228 William Neilson Jr Marie Neilson 25 March 1826 229 Alex Wilson Samuel Neilson Jr 7 April 1826 230 William Neilson Jr Samuel Neilson Jr 8 April 1826 231 William Neilson Jr John Neilson 20 April 1826 232 William Neilson Jr John Neilson 5 June 1826
XVII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
233 John Roxburgh Samuel Neilson Jr 10 June 1826 234 John Roxburgh Samuel Neilson Jr 22 August 1826 235 William Neilson Jr Samuel Neilson Jr 23 August 1826 236 William Neilson Jr John Neilson 29 August 1826 237 William Neilson Jr John Neilson 22 November 1826 238 William Neilson John Neilson 16 March 1828 239 Samuel Heron William Neilson 29 March 1828 240 William Neilson John Neilson 16 June 1828 241 William Neilson John Neilson 29 July 1828 242 Matthew Toul and William Neilson John Neilson 10 April 1830 243 William Neilson John Neilson 27 December 1831 244 Janet McKeand John Neilson 27 December 1831 245 William Neilson John Neilson April 1832 246 Thomas Edgar and William Neilson John Neilson 4 April 1832 247 William Neilson John Neilson 19 February 1833 248 William Neilson John Neilson 1 May 1833 249 William and Margaret Palmer John Neilson 12 April 1834 250 William Neilson John Neilson 21 May 1834 251 Nathaniel Neilson John Neilson 29 July 1834 252 William Neilson John Neilson 26 October 1834 253 William Neilson John Neilson 10 May 1835 254 William Neilson John Neilson 7 June 1835 255 John Neilson Jr John Neilson 7 June 1835 256 John Neilson Jr John Neilson 19 June 1835 257 William Neilson John Neilson 28 July 1835 258 John Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 30 July 1835 259 William Neilson Samuel Neilson Jr 3 February 1836 260 William Neilson John Neilson 25 December 1836 261 William Neilson John Neilson 14 January 1838 262 William Neilson John Neilson 13 August 1838 263 John Neilson William Neilson 28 February 1839 264 William Neilson John Neilson 31 March 1839 265 William Neilson John Neilson 3 July 1839 266 Barbara Neilson John Neilson 24 February 1842 267 William Neilson John Neilson 21 March 1845
XVIII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
INTRODUCTION
illiam Brown was born c.1737 at the farm of Nunton in the parish of Borgue, Galloway. In W1751 or thereabouts, he travelled to America and spent the next two years studying classics and mathematics at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg (Virginia). After a brief spell as a clerk, he moved to Philadelphia to learn the printing trade, and in 1758 entered the service of the noted bookseller and printer William Dunlap. During his time with Dunlap, he was entrusted with various tasks, including the management of two bookshops and the opening of a printing shop in Bridgetown, Barbados. With Dunlap’s encouragement and financial support, Brown left his service in August 1763 to open a printing shop in Quebec in partnership with Thomas Gilmore. The French colony of Canada had been officially ceded to Great Britain earlier that year, and Brown had determined that there was now a market in the city for a bilingual newspaper. The first edition of the Quebec Gazette/La Gazette de Québec appeared in June 1764, and its success enabled the firm of Brown & Gilmore to extend its activities into other printing and publishing activities. Brown became the sole owner after Gilmore’s death in 1773, and under his careful management it continued to flourish. Brown was one of many Scots who found success in Quebec in the wake of the British conquest. Indeed, by the late eighteenth century Scots dominated the city’s trade and commerce, in particular its shipping and export/import business. They had the reputation for being clannish, one aspect of which was their preference for recruiting apprentices and skilled workers from their home districts in Scotland, usually from among their family or acquaintances, rather than hire locally.1 At first, Brown & Gilmore took a different approach, and employed Canadians; and when they proved to be contentious workers, they brought in slaves from America. In 1785, however, Brown decided to write to his sister Isabel in Galloway suggesting that her son Samuel come and work for him. Unmarried and approaching his fiftieth birthday, Brown was no doubt looking to secure the services of a family member who one day would take over the running of his business. His offer was probably also intended to help alleviate his sister’s hardship. Born c.1742, Isabel was the youngest of John Brown and Mary Clark’s five recorded children. She moved with them to the small estate of Langlands (Twynholm) around the same time as her brother William left for America. In 1765, she married William Neilson, who lived on the neighbouring farm of Cambelton. He had been married before and had two young children, Mary and Nathaniel. Together, Isabel and William had seven children – Isabel, Margaret, Samuel, William, John, Jan(n)et and Agnes – the last five of whom were born after the family moved to a farm at Dornald in the parish of Balmaghie. William died in 1780 leaving her with six children to look after (their daughter Isabel had died in 1771) ranging in age from one to eleven years. The family fell on hard times, and Isabel later recalled that by 1785 ‘my subject was but small’ (Letter 11). The offer of a job in Quebec for her eldest son, therefore, must have come as a great relief. Samuel Neilson was fourteen years old when he set out for north America, the age when boys typically entered an apprenticeship, even if it happened to be thousands of miles away. His first impressions of Quebec are not recorded, but for a young lad who had spent most of his life in rural Galloway the former capital of New France must have presented a remarkable sight. It was nominally divided into two districts: the Upper Town and the Lower Town. Built on a promontory high above the St Lawrence River, and defended by a formidable range of walls, gun batteries and other fortifications, the Upper Town dominated the surrounding countryside. Home to the governor of the Province of Quebec, it was the grander of the two districts and contained some fine, stone-built houses as well as a number of imposing public buildings. Most of
XIX THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 them, including the Hotel Dieu, the Jesuit college, and the Ursuline convent, pre-dated the British conquest and were a strong reminder of the city’s French and Catholic heritage. The Lower Town was situated between the foot of the promontory and the St Lawrence. This narrow strip of land was filled with warehouses, manufactories, breweries, distilleries, and houses of varying quality. Its wharves, marketplace and streets were crowded with people and noisy with ‘the rattling of innumerable carts and drays, and all the jargon of discordant voices and languages’.2 Isaac Weld, who visited Quebec in 1796, found it … a very disagreeable place. The streets are narrow and dirty, and owing to the great height of the houses in most of them, the air is much confined; in the streets next to the water also, there is oftentimes an intolerable stench from the shore when the tide is out.3 The two districts were connected by Mountain Street, and it was here that Samuel’s uncle had his printing shop.
Fig. 1 Palace Gate, Quebec, looking down Mountain Street, c.1829 by James Pattison Cockburn. Neilson’s printing shop was located in Mountain Street. (Reproduced courtesy of Library and Archives Canada/Peter Winkworth Collection of Canadiana/e00075693)
No family letters survive from the first four years of Samuel’s stay in Quebec, and the present collection opens in July 1789 with Isabel Neilson responding to a letter reporting the death of William Brown. ‘I … most sincerely lament the loss of my dear Brother,’ she wrote to Samuel (Letter 1). Her grief, however, was tempered by the conviction that ‘the Will of Hevin most [i.e. must] be submitted to’ (Letter 2).4 Isabel’s grief might also have been assuaged slightly by the news that her brother’s extensive estate was to be divided among his family, as her fortunes had continued to decline after Samuel emigrated. ‘Our long distress has required all my money,’ she informed him, further noting that her decision to move to Dumfries c.1790 so that John could continue his education, probably at the burgh’s grammar school, had placed a further burden on her dwindling funds (Letter 5).
XX THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Whatever the case, Isabel’s fortunes were consequently revived: she used some of her share of the money to lease a small property in the parish of Girthon from James Murray of Broughton,5 and invested the rest. Not all of the Brown family were happy with the settlement, however. The eldest brother, now the laird of Langlands, in particular was aggrieved, having been advised that he was entitled to the whole of William’s heritable subjects. Most of Isabel’s other relatives appear to have been content at first, but they too became dissatisfied when they thought that their proper share was being withheld by Samuel. As the letters show, the resulting dispute rumbled on for many years. Samuel used his share of the estate to purchase the printing shop and the Quebec Gazette and proceeded to increase the business of the former, the quality and coverage of the latter, and the influence of both. Among his initiatives was the launch of the Quebec Magazine/Le Magasin de Québec, the province’s first illustrated periodical. In his endeavours, he followed his uncle’s lead and looked for assistance from his family in Galloway. He was clearly very close to his brother William; the two surviving letters between them are notable for their expressions of fraternal affection (Letters 4 and 6). By this time, however, William was seventeen years old and had already been apprenticed to a joiner, so Samuel looked instead to his youngest brother, John, who at fourteen had finished his schooling but had not yet taken up a trade. ‘I hope you will be a Father as well as a Brother to him,’ Isabel wrote, before advising him, ‘do not give him too much indulgence …’ (Letter 11). John duly arrived in Quebec in early 1791 to start his apprenticeship with the firm. He appears to have been a quick learner, as the following year Samuel was able to report home that, ‘John comes on as well as I could expect and is of great service to me and consequently doing well for himself’ (Letter 24). Indeed, such was his progress that Samuel stated that in a year or two John would be able to ‘superintend all my affairs should business or other cause require my absence’ (Letter 25). Fate decreed that this assertion would soon be put to the test: Samuel died of tuberculosis in January 1793, leaving the business to his brother. John was still a minor, though, and so in accordance with Samuel’s instructions he was placed under the guardianship of the Reverend Alexander Spark, the minister of the Scotch Congregation in Quebec and the editor of the Quebec Magazine. This was a challenging time to own a newspaper. Fearing that unrest was being fomented in Lower Canada6 by American and French revolutionaries, the authorities were cracking down on anything that might be interpreted as support for republicanism. The Gazette in particular was subject to close scrutiny, and in 1794 John ran off to the United States after being threatened with imprisonment by the attorney general for printing handbills against the government. John later claimed that it was simply a bad translation. Whatever the case, his ‘extraordinary departure’ perplexed and dismayed Spark, who wrote to John in New York chastising him for his ‘rashness and folly’ and urging him to return to Quebec immediately.7 John was contrite, but said that he wanted to visit his relations in Galloway before returning,8 which suggests that his flight was prompted at least partly by homesickness. Although Spark was not wholly opposed to this plan, in a letter of January 1795 he reiterated his wish that John return to Quebec, stressing in particular the harm he had done to the business by running away. A more forceful letter to this affect was sent by another business associate, John Jones, who argued strongly against him either staying in the ‘Colonies’ or returning to Scotland.9 That John decided to return to Canada, however, was perhaps due more to Spark’s news that his elder brother, William, was coming to Quebec later that year.10 John returned to Quebec in May 1795, to be joined a few months later by William. ‘I think I will be of service and do good for myself’, William said of his decision to emigrate (Letter 35). His move to Canada did not prove a happy one, however, for as well as developing some unspecified ‘habit of body’ that was to trouble him for a number of years, he quarrelled with John. The quarrel, which ‘weakened the natural affection intimate among relations’ and resulted in John not replying to his letters for almost two years, seems to have been the reason why William left Canada in August 1797. Not long after William moved to Quebec, his mother renounced her tack of Laganorie11 and moved a few miles north to Gatehouse of Fleet, a thriving, bustling town of over a thousand people.12 It had been founded in the 1760s by James Murray of Broughton to serve his neighbouring estate of Cally, which was undergoing extensive improvements at the time. Many of its inhabitants were former tenants who had either been enticed by ‘the haughty prospect of becoming Lairds in Gatehouse’ or been obliged to move there when their small farms were amalgamated.13 Others
XXI THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 had come from further afield in the expectation of finding employment, for as well as fulfilling its original purpose of providing Cally with hired labour and other services, Gatehouse had become an important centre for trade and industry, in particular cotton spinning and weaving. By the 1790s around half the population was employed in one of the town’s four cotton mills.14 William joined his mother in Gatehouse when he returned from Quebec. After ‘pottering at something or other’ for the next few years (Letter 57), he found employment as a clerk with the largest of the cotton firms, Birtwhistle & Sons. By this time, however, Gatehouse’s nascent cotton industry was facing increasing competition from steam-powered mills elsewhere in Britain, and Birtwhistle & Sons gradually wound down their operations before ceasing production altogether in 1810.15 William then turned his attention to property, both buying existing houses and building new ones in the town. The income this generated appears to have enabled him to follow a leisurely life: recounting a trip to Gatehouse in July 1817, Samuel Neilson Jr noted that, ‘I spent most of my time there in shooting and fishing with my uncle William, who has almost nothing else to do’ (Letter 150). By 1824, however, William had found employment on the Cally estate as deputy to the factor, a role that kept him ‘very throng’ (Letter 232). As ‘baron officer’ of Cally he undertook various administrative tasks, ranging from paying labourers working on the Fleet canal to valuating the work undertaken by tradesmen at Cally House. For this work he earned £26 per annum.16
Fig. 2 Neilson Square, Gatehouse of Fleet, built by William Neilson in 1812. (Photograph by Jennifer Veitch)
The Neilsons lived in Fore Street (the present-day High Street), which along with Back Street and Fleet Street made up the town’s main thoroughfares in the early nineteenth century. Murray had decreed that all the houses in Fore Street were to be ‘two stories in height and covered with slates. Those in the back-street might be meaner in their structure and dimensions, but were to be equally orderly in their arrangement’;17 and a similar uniformity was imposed on Fleet Street. This gave the town a neat, regular appearance that pleased visitors, not least Robert Heron, who noted during his tour of the south west in 1792 that Gatehouse was ‘more orderly in its arrangement, more uniformly handsome in its buildings, happier in its situation than perhaps any other village in Galloway’.18 The Quebec Neilsons who visited the town clearly agreed: John senior described it as ‘grand’; his eldest son Samuel thought it ‘a very pleasant place’; while his youngest son, John, apparently liked it ‘as well as London’ (Letters 112, 119 and 255).
XXII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
William shared the house in Fore Street with his mother, his sisters Agnes (until her marriage to Alexander Ross in 1806) and Janet, and the latter’s husband, Charles McKeand. Charles was a prominent merchant in Gatehouse and he and Janet later ran its post office. Both he and William served on the town’s council,19 as provost and councillor, respectively. Judging by his letters, in which he railed against the Tories at home and absolutists abroad, William was an ardent supporter of political reform. He had a particular dislike for anything that smacked of Church- State collusion, a stance that was perhaps informed as much by the Covenanting tradition of south-west Scotland as by recent political movements. Whatever the case, as a supporter of ‘good Laws and cheap Governments’ (Letter 257), he was also critical of high levels of taxation in Britain and its impact on the people. Notably, he praised America as ‘the only free State in the world’ (Letter 241). The commemorative inscription on the Neilson family monument in the kirkyard of Balmaghie highlighted this side of his character, describing him as ‘a zealous advocate for civil and religious liberty’.
Fig. 3 The Neilsons’ house in Fore (now High) Street, Gatehouse of Fleet. (Photograph by Fergus Veitch)
A year before William left Quebec, his brother John had reached his majority and taken over sole control of the printing shop. A shrewd and able businessman, John used the steady income provided by government and private contracts not only to develop the firm’s publishing arm, but also to establish what was to become the province’s principal bookshop. Religious books and school texts predominated, but works by some of the leading figures of the European Enlightenment were also to be found on its shelves. The bilingual Gazette also benefitted from his broadminded approach. By filling its pages with an appealing mixture of advertisements, announcements, foreign news, politics, cultural affairs and social comment, he helped it grow from c.500 subscribers in 1800 to over 1,000 in 1820, and so ensured its position as the largest- selling weekly newspaper in both Lower and Upper Canada. Unlike other commentators, John did not overtly criticise the government of Lower Canada, but rather used the Gazette to urge respect for the constitution and loyalty to Britain. He was by nature a reformer, however, and increasingly voiced his support for those who wanted to see
XXIII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 the balance of power between the Legislative Assembly (the elected lower house, which had a French-speaking majority) and the Legislative Council (the appointed upper house, which was dominated by English-speaking merchants) redressed.20 This, and his sympathy in general for French-speaking Canadians and their legal traditions, drew him towards the Parti canadien, and in 1818 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly under their banner. Both his brother William and son Samuel questioned the wisdom of this step: ‘It may be for his good (I wish it may) but I am much of your opinion it is a “hum!” concern,’ said William (Letter 155). It certainly created the potential for a conflict of interests, as John was now not only the king’s printer in Lower Canada and so the recipient of valuable government contracts, but also affiliated to a party that was increasingly critical of that government. Growing tension between the Parti canadien and the governor, Lord Dalhousie, appeared to make this conflict inevitable, and in April 1822 John handed over a controlling share in the business to his son Samuel, and the rest to a long-term employee, William Cowan. Later that year, news reached Quebec that a bill proposing the union of Lower and Upper Canada had been laid before the British parliament. As with most citizens of Lower Canada, John Neilson strongly opposed this proposal, and in 1823 he and the leader of the Parti canadien, Louis-Joseph Papineau, travelled to London as delegates of the Legislative Assembly to present petitions against it. The success of this mission increased John’s political reputation, and in 1828 he was again sent to London as a representative of the Assembly. By this time, the Parti canadien had become the Parti patriote, a change of name that reflected its increasingly nationalistic and assertive support for French-Canadian interests. John spoke out against some of its more radical views, but the mood in Lower Canada had changed and he was condemned by his erstwhile colleagues and lost his seat in 1834. The political unrest culminated in the rebellion of 1837-38, which in turn led to the union of Lower Canada and Upper Canada. John opposed the union, a move that regained him popular support and saw him elected to the assembly of the united Canadas. The money John made was often invested in property. Much of it was rented out, but at Carouge (Cap Rouge), eight miles or so south west of Quebec, he established his own farm. Notably, he looked to Galloway for skilled help managing it. His brother William acted as his agent, using his contacts in the local farming community to identify suitable candidates. John Brown of Enrick recommended Samuel Clark, describing him as a ‘very sober, active and industrious young man’ and ‘one of the best plowmen in Galloway’ (Letter 192). Clark appears to have flourished in Canada, working at Carouge for around five years before being offered a farm of his own by John Neilson. His predecessor, Richard Coughtrie, had also proved to be ‘a harty and able servant’ (Letter 162) and had been similarly rewarded with a farm of his own. Not all of the farm servants were a success, however. Samuel Heron returned to Galloway almost immediately after arriving in Quebec. He was consequently branded a ‘sheep’ by William, Fig. 4 A page from a cash book recording the who tried in vain to regain the money he had lent receipts for Neilson’s printing shop on 8 July 1807 Heron for his passage. Matthew Toul lasted a bit with what appears to be a portrait of John Neilson. longer, spending two years working at Carouge (Reproduced courtesy of Library and Archives before going on a ‘ramble’. He was replaced by Canada/Neilson collection/Quebec Gazette, 1768- Thomas Edgar, a native of Balmaghie and a distant 1846) relative of the Neilsons. Of the six farm servants from Galloway mentioned in the letters,21 he worked the longest at Carouge. He appears to have been leased land by John, although his association with the Neilsons seems to have ended in acrimony with accusations that he had removed items from the farm that did not belong to him.22
XXIV THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Although he did not manage the farm directly, Carouge was an outlet for John’s growing interest in agriculture, which also led him to join (and later become the president of) the Agricultural Society of Quebec. He won prizes in 1818 for inventing a new seed drill and for introducing a new type of plough to the province, although his relations in Scotland appear to have been less enthusiastic about his endeavours. Samuel, then at university in Glasgow, wrote in 1819, ‘I see you have become a greater farmer …. I think the money you laid out on the farm at Cap-rouge never brought interest. It is an amusement, however,’ (Letter 181), while the following year Isabel Neilson lamented that, ‘he has forgot her athegether in his throng a farming’ (Letter 194). John also built a family residence at Carouge, which he called ‘Dornald’ after his birthplace in Galloway.23 Its ‘umbrageous glens, undulating meadows, broad and dense hardwood groves’ delighted a later commentator,24 and it was clearly a favourite retreat of the Neilsons; ‘the home of the boncherie’, as John put it (Letter 162). In partnership with two advocates from Quebec, John also purchased land in Valcartier with a view to creating a new settlement. This was to be no easy task for the land was both heavily forested and remote from existing settlements. ‘There was no road passable for a cart, or even for a single horse, these six miles, during the summer season, by reason of the morasses and small streams which intersected this road’, explained the aforementioned Richard Coughtrie.25 The first settlers were emigrants from Ireland.26 They arrived in 1816 and by August the following year five houses had been built and 160 acres cleared, fifty of which were in crop. A saw mill followed, and by 1818 there were eleven houses and between sixty and seventy inhabitants, mostly Irish and Scots, ‘all apparently thriving’ (Letter 180). John, who was now a member of the Emigrant Society of Quebec, encouraged further settlement and by 1828 Valcartier was home to over 300 people.27 The Society had been founded in response to the large number of emigrants arriving in Quebec during 1817 and 1818, a trend that was repeated across north America as people fled the post- war recession in Britain. The south west of Scotland had been particularly badly affected, and during the navigation season of 1817 over 540 people emigrated from the port of Dumfries and another hundred or so from Annan. Negative reports in the Dumfries and Galloway Courier and other newspapers about the fate of these emigrants were contradicted by enthusiastic accounts sent back from Canada. ‘Let every one say of this country as he pleases – it is better, both for rich and poor, than Scotland’, wrote John Campbell to a friend in Annan, citing in particular the availability of land (‘better than any of Annan Holms’), the plentiful supply of fish, the low cost of salt, and the lack of taxes.28 William Neilson observed the exodus, noting in a letter of March 1818 that, ‘the people are throng Rauping off here and selling out for America’ (Letter 166). Chief among them were tenant farmers, a class whose already diminished livelihoods were being further eroded by high taxes and high rents. The proceeds a farmer raised from a ‘roup’ (auction) of his stock and equipment was usually sufficient not only to fund his passage to Canada, but also to buy land once he got there. William also mentioned ‘the poor labourers who are still in want of food and employ’, and it was from their ranks that most of the emigrants from the south west came at this time; and they tended to arrive in Canada impoverished. That so many emigrants from throughout Scotland ended up in Canada was largely due to its burgeoning timber trade. During the Napoleonic Wars, restrictions on Baltic timber had forced British merchants to look to north America for an alternative. The easily worked, squared pine of Canada turned out to be extremely popular with carpenters, house-builders and shipwrights, and the trade continued to flourish after 1815. This gave emigrants an incentive to settle in heavily forested parts of Canada, such as Valcartier, and clear the land for farming. It also led to the creation of service towns, which offered emigrants a range of job opportunities, from shipping clerk to storekeeper. Crucially, the timber ships provided affordable and regular crossings across the Atlantic. The foremost Scottish firms operated from Greenock, although smaller concerns could be found sailing out of ports all along the west coast from the Clyde to the Solway. The routes they established set the pattern for emigration. The Dumfries trade was centred around timber ports in the eastern Maritimes, and it was in the districts of Miramichi (New Brunswick), Pictou (Nova Scotia) and Richibucto (New Brunswick) that most emigrants from the south west subsequently settled. Among them was John Neilson’s nephew William Palmer (see below) and the aforementioned John Campbell. Timber merchants on the Clyde, however, traded mostly with Quebec, which consequently became the principal entry port for emigrants from Scotland in the early nineteenth century.
XXV THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Fig. 5 William Daniell, Greenock on the Clyde, 1817. Greenock was the main Scottish port for sailings to and from Quebec. (Reproduced courtesy of the British Museum)
The great majority of British and Irish emigrants who landed in Quebec in the early nineteenth century did not settle in Lower Canada, however, but continued their journey up the St Lawrence either to Upper Canada or beyond to the United States. This was partly because land in Lower Canada was less readily available, and partly because the culture and language of the province was predominantly French. Even in the city of Quebec, where there was a significant number of English-speakers (mostly government officials, merchants, soldiers and a few professionals), French predominated. Benjamin Silliman observed when he visited the city in 1819: … the French tongue salutes [the visitor’s] ear, as the common tongue of the streets and shops; in short, he perceives that even in the very capital, there is only a sprinkling of English population; it is still a French city.29 According to a travel book published the previous year, the French population of the city consisted mostly of advocates, clergy, the old nobility, seigneurs and storekeepers.30 It was from among the ranks of Quebec’s French-speaking population that John Neilson chose his wife, Marie-Ursule Hubert. She was the daughter and heir of Jacques-Joseph Hubert, a seigneur, and the niece of Jean-Francois Hubert, the Catholic bishop of Quebec. They were married in the Protestant church at Trois-Rivières in January 1797, when John was twenty years old and Marie-Ursule only fifteen. John was clearly anxious what his mother would think of such a marriage as he did not tell her until seven months after the event and then explained his decision at length. He stated that he saw no harm in marrying a ‘native’ now he was settled for life in Canada, and indeed, he hoped that the union ‘would do much to reduce that monstrous prejudice between the Inhabitants Natives and the Europeans, which is so hurtfull to their respective interests and even dangerous to their safety’ (Letter 43). He admitted that he had consulted no one, and that some would be astonished by his decision. Isabel Neilson’s reaction to the news is unknown as the next letter from her to survive dates from 1801. Her main concern, however, is perhaps revealed in a subsequent letter in which she advises John to ‘bring them [his children] up in the religion and morality of your forefathers’ (Letter 56). As it turned out, John and his wife raised their sons as Presbyterians and their daughters as Catholics. John was a member of what was known as the Scotch Congregation in Quebec, a small church of Presbyterians that had been led for many years by his friend and former guardian, the Reverend Alexander Spark. As with many ministers from the Moderate wing of the Church of Scotland, Spark espoused a tolerant approach to religion that focussed on moral behaviour and the ethical teachings of the Bible rather than on doctrine. While his apparent lack of zeal did not
XXVI THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 please everyone (some of his flock left in 1795 to establish a more evangelical congregation), Spark’s teaching made a deep and lasting impression on John. In a letter he sent to his son in 1816, for instance, John expressed his advice on religion in typically Moderate terms: Your own judgement ought to be tested by the rules of Religion as laid down in the New Testament, with which I hope you will make yourself more and more accquainted [sic]. It is the general character and spirit of the Book that you ought particularly to consider, without entering into the disputes which have shamefully divided the different sects of Christians. Adhere you to the Church in which you were born, as long as in Doctrine and the conduct of its ministers it adheres to the general spirit of the Gospel, which is a spirit of charity, peace, union and well doing. (Letter 106) The Moderate’s commitment to religious toleration is also evident in many aspects of John’s personal and public life, from his marriage to a Catholic to his support for the rights of Canada’s Jews; and it is possible, too, to detect its influence in some of his more conservative political views.31 The Moderate party in the Church of Scotland had been strongly influenced by the intellectual and cultural impulses of the Scottish Enlightenment; and in men such as Hugh Blair, Thomas Reid and William Robertson it had provided the movement with some of its leading participants. With his literary pursuits and interest in music, philosophy and science, Alexander Spark followed in this tradition; and helped, in a modest way, to introduce Enlightenment thinking to Quebec. To John, he appears to have passed on his particular interest in meteorology and a deeply held belief in the value of education. Like Spark, John was a strong advocate of public schooling, although it is in the education of his children that the influence of Enlightenment thinking is most readily seen in the present collection. In the letter from 1816 quoted above, for instance, he instructed his son (who was studying in Glasgow at the time) to improve his education both through his formal studies and by observing generally where the Scots excelled the Canadians in the things ‘advantageous to mankind’, with the ultimate aim of being ‘useful’ to himself, his family and his country. The acquisition of knowledge through observation and comparison, and the pursuit of a ‘useful’ life, were key concepts of the Enlightenment. For Adam Smith and other Enlightenment thinkers, such purposeful activity not only benefitted society as a whole, but also led to personal ‘happiness’ (i.e. virtue and contentment), an idea that John also espoused. In a letter to Samuel in February 1817, for example, he advised: … lose no opportunity of informing yourself in every thing that may increase your utility to yourself and family, make you a valuable and ornamental member of society, and secure your happiness in this life and that which is to come. (Letter 121) A letter sent in the November of the following year revisited this theme, and shows how Enlightenment ideas complemented, rather than challenged, John’s religious beliefs: ‘Never do anything without thinking of the consequences and your duty to God and man, and so secure your happiness here and hereafter’, he urged his son. This accommodation between philosophy and religion had been championed by the aforementioned Thomas Reid (1710-96), whose common-sense philosophy found many adherents in north America. John’s approach to education is also evident in his decision to send his sons to the school in Quebec run by Daniel Wilkie (c.1777-1851), a graduate of Glasgow University who was well known in the city for his Moderate and Enlightened views on religion and education. Here they had the opportunity to study a range of classical and practical subjects, including Greek, Latin, philosophy, bookkeeping and navigation, as well as English and various branches of mathematics. Each pupil at Wilkie’s school was provided with a ‘journal of progress in education’ (printed by John Neilson), ‘shewing, in an obvious manner, his attainments and conduct in school every day during that period’. Samuel’s journal for 1815 survives. It reveals that he excelled at a number of subjects, especially Latin; and that his mathematics class included lessons in Newtonian ‘motion and forces’.32 His reading list included popular primers, such as Murray’s English Grammar and Morrison’s Arithmetic, books for learning public speaking, such as Scott’s Lessons in Elocution, and Latin texts by Ovid and Cornelius Nepos.33 John’s enthusiasm for education extended to his daughters. The eldest, Isabel, attended Wilkie’s school, while the second eldest, Margaret, boarded at a school in the city run by the Dalrymple sisters. The Misses Dalrymple had recently arrived from Scotland and offered a curriculum that provided instruction in artistic skills, such as painting and Japanning, alongside standard subjects,
XXVII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Fig. 6 Jesuit Barrack Quebec, 22 June 1829 by James Pattison Cockburn. John Neilson compared the barracks favourably with the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh (Letter 108). (Reproduced courtesy of Library and Archives Canada/Peter Winkworth Collection of Canadiana/e000835921) such as reading, writing and arithmetic. Both Isabel and Margaret finished their schooling at the Ursuline convent in Quebec, as did their younger sister Agnes. Their education did not end with formal schooling, though, as a letter John sent to Isabel from London shows: Read good English authors; the Elegant extracts, copy from them in order to accustom yourself to correct writing. Read over again your English Grammar; practise arithmetic, study Geography, History, neglect nothing which may tend to enlarge and enlighten your mind.34 Of John and Marie Neilson’s ten recorded children, Samuel features most frequently as a correspondent in the present collection. Born in 1800, he was their eldest son and as such was destined to take over the running of his father’s business. Following his elementary schooling at Wilkie’s school in Quebec, his father decided to send him to university in Glasgow, ‘for the purpose of acquiring knowledge; particularly such knowledge as may be useful to you in conducting my own business in Quebec’ (Letter 106). John and Samuel set sail from Quebec on 2 August 1816 on board the Montreal. Built in Irvine in 1814, she was one of an increasing number of vessels that served the crossing between Quebec and Scotland. The crossing was only possible in the summer months, however, as a build up of ice in the St Lawrence River during the winter meant that Quebec was inaccessible by sea between November and April. Even then, ships that sailed too early or too late in what was known as the ‘navigation season’ ran the risk of encountering ice, as John discovered when the Montreal was struck by an iceberg on his return to Quebec the following year. John’s vivid account of the adventure was published in the Quebec Gazette, and is reproduced in an appendix to this collection. Ships crossing the Atlantic also ran the risk of being wrecked in summer storms and, during the war of 1812-15, of being attacked by American privateers. Faced with these dangers, many Scots, including John’s nephew Robert Palmer, thought twice about emigrating to Canada. The competence and navigational skill of the ship’s captain were key factors in making a safe
XXVIII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 passage across the north Atlantic, especially during the age of sail, and a captain with a good reputation would often attract a loyal clientele. John Neilson, for instance, chose to sail with William Rayside whenever possible, and followed Rayside when he left the Montreal to captain the Cherub (Fig. 7). The letters show that the benefits of such a relationship extended beyond the crossing: Rayside was entrusted with the delivery of various important packages, and was also part of the network of contacts John established to support Samuel during his stay in Glasgow. One letter shows that he even gifted Samuel a pair of ice skates, a kindness that provoked alarm in John, who promptly wrote to his son about the dangers of ice skating in Scotland (Letter 110). The extent to which the character of a captain and his crew also determined the mood on board a ship can be judged by comparing the accounts of William Bell and Walter Johnstone of their journeys from Scotland to Canada. The Reverend William Bell sailed from Leith to Quebec in 1817 on board the Rothiemurchus along with 105 other settlers.35 The captain was ‘harsh and unaccommodating’ and frequently fell Fig. 7 The brig Cherub, on which the Neilsons into violent dispute with the passengers, many of the sailed a number of times across the Atlantic. crew were ‘very wicked’ and openly swore in front of (Reproduced courtesy of the National Maritime the women and children, while the cook (‘a cross, ill- Museum, Greenock) natured, old man’ who also ‘swore shockingly’) even resorted to kicking any of the women who came near his fire-place.36 Most of this ill-will arose from complaints about the quantity and quality of the provisions offered to the passengers, a common grievance on trans-Atlantic crossings. Bell lamented that while the ship’s supply of oats was plentiful and wholesome, the bread was ‘more than a year old’, the water rancid and the beef so putrid that it caused an outbreak of dysentery among the passengers. Walter Johnstone sailed from Carsethorn (Kirkcudbrightshire) to Prince Edward Island in 1820 on board the Diana along with forty-two other passengers. The captain ‘was cheerful and accommodating in the highest degree’, while the sailors ‘were friendly, and willing to help us at all times’, which included the generous provision of clean water.37 As a result, Johnstone could observe that ‘a more comfortable passage was never made across the Atlantic’.38 Disease in general was a persistent and serious problem on emigrant ships, with the outbreak of contagious diseases such as cholera and typhus being especially feared. Both the Rothiemurchus and the Diana, however, remained disease free. Johnstone attributed this chiefly to the fact that no one had brought a contagious disorder on board with them, but also noted that the bedding was kept dry and well aired. On the Rothiemurchus, the beds and bedding were aired on deck and the sleeping quarters washed and sprinkled with vinegar, although the captain caused further consternation among the more God-fearing passengers by insisting that this be done on the Sabbath.39 Bell nonetheless fell victim to severe sea-sickness, noting later that, ‘The agitation, the noise, and the crowded state of the ship are bad enough when one is well, but sickness renders them doubly disagreeable’.40 Due to the growth in regular trade between Scotland and Canada, the quality of shipping available to emigrants by the second decade of the nineteenth century was much better than some accounts suggest. Both the Rothiemurchus and the Diana were first-class ships, built in 1812 and 1819, respectively. The Montreal and the Cherub, both of which had been built in 1814, were similarly rated by Lloyds as ‘A1’ vessels (i.e. the ship and its gear were of the best quality and kept in the highest state of repair and efficiency).41 Like many of the best Scottish ships, the Montreal and Cherub operated out of Greenock, which at this time was the premier port on the Clyde and home to numerous mercantile and ship-owning firms.42 The Neilsons usually had their own cabin when they crossed the Atlantic, affording them a level of comfort that was denied to the Reverend Bell and the great majority of other trans-Atlantic passengers, who travelled in the hold. Cabin passengers had their rooms cleaned regularly and had a better and more varied menu than passengers in steerage. ‘Every day we dine on chicken and fresh meat. For dessert we have all kinds of wine and fruit’, wrote John admiringly from on board the Montreal (Letter 100). Cabins also offered a degree of privacy, and being situated in the stern they were conveniently separate from the steerage accommodation. This was certainly appreciated by William Neilson Jr, who spent most of his voyage to Scotland on board the Cherub in his bedroom or on the deck in order to avoid, apparently steerage-class, women. A
XXIX THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 cabin was no protection against sea-sickness, however. ‘We were all ill for four or five days, when in the Gulf’, wrote John of the crossing he and Samuel made to Scotland in 1816 (Letter 99). Samuel’s woes on this crossing were added to when he hurt his hand while fishing for mackerel from the deck of the Montreal. Fishing was a common activity among passengers on trans-Atlantic crossings, partly because it helped to augment their provisions with some fresh food and partly because it provided a welcome diversion.43 For those making the crossing for the first time, the voyage itself was a novelty, presenting a succession of sometimes wondrous, sometimes terrifying sights. Depending on their vicinity, ice-bergs could fall into either category. The Reverend Bell noted that when a mass of ice was spotted two hundred yards or so in front of the Rothiemurchus, the ‘novelty of its appearance brought every person on deck, who was able to get out of bed’.44 An even bigger ice-berg then came into view, which he noted ‘had much the appearance of North Berwick Law in East Lothian’.45 New animals also presented themselves. On his trip across the Atlantic in 1793, for example, the Galloway blacksmith and poet John Gerrond observed whales, sharks and large numbers of porpoises or ‘sea-hogs’. He and Bell also noted unusual species of birds, including one known at the time as ‘Mother Carey’s Chicken’ (a storm petrel). An inveterate hunter on land, Gerrond could not resist taking a shot at one with the captain’s gun,46 oblivious to or ignoring the belief among sailors that killing a petrel brought bad luck. Certain customs also helped to break the monotony of a voyage that usually took between four and six weeks. On some ships, an initiation ceremony was held for passengers and sailors who were crossing the Banks of Newfoundland for the first time, the whole affair presided over by ‘Neptune’ and his court.47 Although no mention of this is made in the Neilson letters, on the voyage of 1816 John successfully took part in the traditional contest to see who could sight land first, winning ‘the usual reward’, i.e. a bottle of rum (Letter 100). Any elation occasioned by this triumph must have been quickly dampened, as on the same day contrary winds began to buffet the Montreal, breaking its bowsprit and delaying its arrival in Scotland. ‘We are at the mercy of the wind’, observed John (Letter 99), and whether it blew in the wrong direction, too fiercely or not at all, this was true for all voyages made in the age of sail. By the 1820s, however, advances in steamship technology had begun to transform sea travel, so when the Cherub was becalmed forty miles below Greenock during Samuel and William’s crossing of 1825, they were able to complete their voyage on board the City of Glasgow, one of the growing number of coastal steamers serving west-coast ports. Within the next two decades, regular steamship Fig. 8 Glasgow University, as seen from services were crossing the Atlantic. College Street, where Samuel Neilson Jnr’s John and Samuel finally arrived in Glasgow via friends the Wilsons lived. (Reproduced Greenock on 4 September. After visiting the university, courtesy of the National Gallery of Scotland) they called upon some of John’s acquaintances in the city, as well as people for whom they had letters of recommendation. John clearly hoped that these respectable citizens would provide his son with guidance and support during his time in Glasgow, as in his parting letter he exhorted Samuel to visit them as frequently as possible, adding that he was to ‘Make no new acquaintances without consulting Mr and Mrs Wilson’ (Letter 106). Andrew Wilson was the head of Alexander Wilson & Son, the foundry that provided Neilson’s printing shop with type, and John had contacted him from Quebec about Samuel’s proposed stay in Glasgow. John found him ‘a very respectable man and one who will be of great service to us’, not least because he had close family connections with the university (Letter 102). The particular trust that John placed in him and his wife was well founded, as they proved to be good friends to Samuel. Indeed, recalling their attentiveness during a bout of illness, Samuel remarked, ‘I could not have expected more from parents’ (Letter 163). The university (or college, as Samuel and most others at the time called it) and the Wilsons’
XXX THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 house (in College Street) were both in the lower part of the old town. This district had once been the administrative and commercial heart of Glasgow, and its broad streets, arcaded tenements and handsome public buildings were widely admired by visitors. Daniel Defoe even went so far as to declare Glasgow ‘the cleanest and beautifullest, and best built City in Britain, London excepted’.48 The old town was still being admired at the end of the eighteenth century, although more for its ‘uncouth and antique appearance’49 as by then a splendid new town had been built to its immediate west. Its elegant streets and squares, churches and civic buildings reflected the self-confidence and wealth of the city’s merchants, and provided them with less cramped and more refined surroundings than the old town offered. Glasgow was still expanding in the early nineteenth century, although the impetus was now being provided by industry. A boom in cotton manufacturing in particular had been attracting large numbers of people to the city for a number of decades, and this trend had gathered pace during the wars with France as further industries, such as ironworking, developed and opportunities for tradesmen and labourers increased. The rapid growth in its population, from c.42,000 in 1780 to c.148,000 in 1820,50 reshaped the face of Glasgow, not necessarily for the better. Previously rural districts were transformed into crowded and dirty industrial suburbs, while the old town became increasingly congested as tenements were subdivided and open ground infilled with new, poorer quality housing. John Neilson’s first impression of the city was positive, however, describing it in a letter home as ‘a pretty town’ (Letter 102). Finding that the university term was not due to start until November, John and Samuel travelled first to Gatehouse, then to London, where John conducted some business, before going on a brief tour of France and the Netherlands. As well as taking in Paris, Brussels and a number of historic towns, they visited the battlefield of Waterloo, which was already a popular tourist attraction. Walter Scott had visited earlier that year, and like him John and Samuel were shown round the battlefield by Jean-Baptiste La Coste, a local farmer who had been Napoleon’s unwilling guide on the day of the battle and afterwards acted as a tourist guide. Whilst there, John collected some flower seeds from ‘Gomont’ i.e.( Hougoumont, the scene of some of the fiercest and bloodiest fighting) and sent them home for his daughter Isabel to plant. ‘They will be interesting mementos of human rage and folly, which I hope will never prevail to the same extent in America’, he wrote.51 John and Samuel returned to Glasgow on 31 October to find the city in a state of unrest. Two days earlier, growing discontent with high unemployment, low wages and rising food prices had seen 40,000 people attend a public meeting at Thrushgrove calling for political reform and an end to the Corn Laws. With their reports of riots and food thefts, Samuel’s letters from the following winter testify that less peaceful protests followed. Attempts by the authorities to address the problems – which included setting up soup kitchens, giving dole money to the poor and arresting alleged agitators – were helped by an upturn in trade, and the disturbances subsided. Radical activity revived with the trade depression of 1819, however, and in April 1820 it culminated in a week of mass strikes and violent unrest. Letters to Samuel (now back in Canada) from his friends in Scotland reveal the alarm that this unrest caused among the middle class. Alex Wilson (son of the aforementioned Andrew Wilson) reported that there was ‘a spirit subversive of all government’ among the ‘lower orders’, and that various volunteer regiments had been formed in order to defend Glasgow (Letter 195). William Greenshields described with disgust seeing a squad of about forty ‘Radical rascals’ drilling outside his house (Letter 198). Notably, both men expressed some sympathy with the Radicals’ grievances, but as with many moderates who had supported the reform movement in 1816, they had clearly been alienated by their increasingly extreme demands and frequent recourse to violence. As John had arranged, on their return to Glasgow Samuel went to board with William Chrystal (the rector of Glasgow Grammar School) and his wife in Richmond Street, ‘a short and retired street of excellent houses’.52 Mrs Chrystal ‘is not altogether such as I would wish’, Samuel informed his father, but otherwise he found himself ‘very comfortable at Mr Chrystal’s’ (Letters 109 and 114). His board, which included a room of his own, cost £100 a year until his final year, when it rose to £150. John deposited money with a Mr Taylor (apparently of John McNaught & Co., a merchant firm in Glasgow) for Samuel’s expenses, payable on a joint order with Dr Chrystal, having told his son to ‘take care that nothing more is spent than what is necessary and required by decency’ and to ‘keep account of every farthing you spend’ (Letter 106). Accounts were kept, and they provide an interesting insight into the cost of a university education. The first set covers Samuel’s initial six months in Glasgow:
XXXI THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
£ S D To Board from 5 November 1816 till 5 May 1817 50 - - To Washing and dressing 25/ per quarter 2 10 - To Cash for a handsome mahogany writing desk 3 10 - To Cash to Professor Muirhead 2 2 - To Cash Matriculation in College Books 4 6 To Cash Postages 1/9, 1/9 3 6 To Cash carriage of 2 Trunks 6/, 3/ 9 - To Cash Theatre 4/, College Servants and Coals 2/, 5/, 3/ 14 - To Cash Mrs Forester’s Account for making shirts 1 9 9 To Cash One quarter Board in advance 25 - - 86 2 9 1816 November 6 By from Mr Samuel Neilson 50 - - 36 2 9 To Account for cloth[e]s Messrs Ferguson & Stewart[53] 28 - - To Account Mr Rennie (Private Tutor)[54] 9 9 - To Mr Hermand French Teacher[55] 7 15 - £81 6 9
The second covers the year from May 1817 to May 1818:
£ S D To Board from 5th May 1817 till 5th May 1818 100 - - To Washing & Dressing 25/ per quarter 5 - - 1817 May 31 To Cash 7/6 + 1/6 June 28th 2 postages 3/6 12 6 June 30 To R. Lochore for Shoes[56] 12 - July 10 To Postages 4/11, August 11th postages 7/ 11 11 September 12 To Cash 6/9, 19th 20/ 1 11 9 November 3 To Professor Millan (Mathematics) 3 3 - November 3 To Professor Jardine (Logic) 1 1 - November 3 To Professor Mylne (Moral Philosophy) 3 3 - November 3 To Professor Mylne (Political Economy) 2 2 - November 16 To Cash 8/, postages 1/2, 1/2, 9d 11 1 December 6 To Cash 20/, postages 2/, 1/2, 1/7 1 4 9 December 24 To Postages 5/ + 9d 5 9
1818 January 2 To Cash 10/, 5th 20/ 1 10 - February 12 To Sick Nurse 30/, 3 postages 3/11 1 13 11 March 2 To 2 postages 3/2, 4th postages 1/7 4 9 March 26 Cash 20/, 13th Cash 20/ 2 - - April 17 To a jaunt to Lanark 20/, Postages 9d 1 - 9 £126 8 2 To 3 Months board in advance to 5th August 1818 25 - - To Cash for Mr J. Neilson for the country 10 - - To Account Messrs Ferguson & Stewart 36 5 -
XXXII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
To Account Duncan Black Shoemaker[57] 8 14 6 over £206 7 8
Brought over £206 7 8 To Account Maurice Ogle Bookseller[58] 3 13 7 £210 1 3
1817 May 5 By Cash £25 August 19 By Cash £25 October By Cash £25 1818 February 24 By Cash £35 110 - -
May 8th 1818 Paid Dr Chrystal by J. McNaught & Co £100 1 3
John departed Glasgow soon after Samuel began university. Before he left, he wrote his son a letter of farewell in which he urged him to be attentive to his studies, polite to everybody and guided by the teachings of the New Testament. He also warned him against various evils, including drinking, fighting and ‘bad women’ (Letter 106). He instructed Samuel to keep the letter in the drawer of his desk so he could refer to it when necessary, although he made sure the main points were not forgotten by re-iterating them in subsequent letters. John did not leave immediately for Quebec. As well as making a short trip to London, he spent some time in Galloway visiting his relations. Among them was his half-brother Nathaniel Neilson (1760-1834). He too had left Galloway to seek his fortune abroad, but unlike Samuel Sr and John he had chosen to settle in Jamaica. The island’s flourishing economy, based on the sugar trade and sustained by slave labour, not only presented opportunities for merchants of all kinds, but also created a constant demand for skilled workers, be they artisans, clerks or professionals. A significant number of Scots were consequently drawn there by the prospect of lucrative employment; indeed, there were around 6,000 of his fellow countrymen on the island when Nathaniel arrived there in 1785.59 Settlers often found the tropical climate enervating and local society uncouth, however, and as with many of his compatriots Nathaniel clearly had no intention of settling there permanently, but rather planned to make as much money as possible before returning to Scotland.60 Unfortunately, the regular correspondence he maintained with William (who at one point considered joining him Fig. 9 A profile portrait of John Neilson, probably in Jamaica) has not survived, and it is not known the one mentioned in William Neilson’s letter of 31 61 how he was employed on the island. He clearly August 1823 (Letter 212). (Reproduced courtesy prospered, however, making what William called of Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec ‘a handsome fortune’ (Letter 50). In common with Collection, Fonds J. E. Livernois Ltée) many successful Scottish sojourners, Nathaniel sent some of this money home to support family members – his sister Mary, for instance, received £30 a year for the education of her children. Also typically, he used his fortune to buy an estate when he returned to Scotland. Springfield, near Castle Douglas, cost him around £3,000 and
XXXIII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 here he raised a large family with his wife, Barbara Agnew. Jamaica, the source of his wealth and status, does not appear to have left him with fond memories. When his eldest son was looking to emigrate, Nathaniel wrote to John asking if he knew of any openings for a physician in Canada, stating that ‘I am much against his going to the West Indies’ (Letter 251). It is from Samuel’s time at university in Glasgow that the two letters in this collection from his sister Isabel date. Born in 1798, she was the eldest of John and Marie Neilson’s children. After leaving school, she appears to have spent most of her time at home performing what her father called the ‘ordinary duties of your position in the family’, i.e. looking after the younger children and helping her mother. Her sisterly concern for Samuel is evident in the first of her letters. In it, she beseeches him not to go out too much, ‘study hard, and do every[thing] to acquire as much knowledge as you can’ (Letter 134). Her advice was hesitantly given, however, and it is entirely absent from the second letter, which consists of news about the family in Quebec and the settlement at Valcartier (Letter 156). Indeed, by this time she was the one receiving advice from Samuel, who after a year or so at university had clearly grown in confidence and was beginning to assert his ‘position in the family’ as the eldest son. In one letter, he criticises her handwriting and urges her to improve it; in another, he instructs her in ways she might improve her health (Letters 144 and 169). Isabel was ‘not of the stoutest health’ (Letter 162), and appears to have suffered from a variety of ailments. She noted in one letter, for example, that she was ‘still subject to the head-ache’ (Letter 134), while in another, sent from the Isle aux Coudres (where she had been sent for a rest cure), she concluded, ‘I will not write any more for the present, for I find it gives me a pain in the stomack …’.62 An aversion to writing letters in general might account for their lack among the Neilson papers. During his three years at university, Samuel followed the standard arts curriculum of Latin, Greek, rhetoric, ethics and natural philosophy, supplementing it with extramural classes that were either useful for his future career, such as bookkeeping and French, or of personal interest, such as astronomy, botany and drawing. The university was located in the High Street. Its main buildings dated back to the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, although in recent years they had been joined by a number of grand new buildings, including the Hunterian Museum and the Hamilton Building. It was in the common hall of the latter that Samuel gave a Latin oration in February 1819. The university also had extensive grounds, which ran down to the Molendinar Burn and accommodated both a botanical garden and an observatory, where Samuel learnt botany and astronomy, respectively. At this time, there were between 800 and 900 students at the university. Most only attended classes for a year or two, and since a degree was not yet considered necessary for entering a profession, few of the others graduated. Samuel, however, decided to sit the final exam, which was conductedviva voce and lasted about 2½ hours, although he only informed his father once he had passed, modestly noting that the award ‘can only be a proof of my attendance at the University at best and I wish that the knowledge of my possessing it be restricted to us, the family’ (Letter 186). Not all of Samuel’s time in Glasgow was spent in study, though. A letter from his friend Alex Wilson, dated 5 January 1820, recalls visits to the Waterloo panorama and various student high jinks, including pulling bells and setting off fire-crackers (Letter 195). Full of gossip and ribald humour, the letter portrays a side of Samuel that is absent from the dutiful letters he sent home from Glasgow. The Chrystals, however, appear to have been aware of his extramural adventures, and it was thanks to Mrs Chrystal that his brother William was able to inform his father about ‘Samuel’s tricks’ (Letter 237). Samuel returned to Canada in July 1819, but was back in Scotland six years later to see William settled at school in Kilmaurs, Ayrshire. From an early age, William appears to have been more wilful than his older brother. ‘You say little William is a bold, daring fellow and nicknamed by those of his age Bonaparte,’ his uncle remarked in a letter to John Neilson in 1808 (Letter 76). While a pupil at Wilkie’s school he had the reputation for quarrelling with other boys, and ran away on more than one occasion. William was subsequently sent to a school in Lancaster (Massachusetts), where he boarded with the Reverend Nathaniel Thayer. If John thought that his errant son would think twice about running away from such a distant school, then he was wrong, for in 1822 William did just that and made his way back to Canada. John was furious, and in a forthright letter declared, ‘You bring disgrace on us all … you cannot be trusted to do what you undertake to perform’.63 It was in this mood that William was sent to finish his education in Scotland, from where there would be no easy route home.
XXXIV THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
According to the Topographical Description of Ayrshire, published in 1820, Kilmaurs was: … pleasantly situated on the right bank of the small water of Carmel, about 6 miles ne. from Irvine, and 2 miles nw. from Kilmarnock. It consists chiefly of one street about 500 or 600 yards in length, having a small Town-house in the middle with a steeple and clock … the predominant craftsmen at present being weavers and shoemakers. The number of inhabitants in 1793 was 514, since that time it has increased more than 200…64
William boarded with the local minister, the Reverend John Roxburgh, and was privately tutored along with the minister’s own children and other boarders, first by a Mr Bell and then by a Mr Campbell, and sometimes by Roxburgh himself. The cost of William’s board and education, along with other expenses he incurred, are revealed in three surviving invoices:
£ S D To Board and Education for his Brother Mr William Neilson three months in advance, from 20th November 1825 to 20th February 1826 21 - -
To Washing, the same period 1 1 - To a Hat 1 - - To Paper, pens and Ink 6 - £23 7 -
£ S D To Board and Education for his Brother Mr William Neilson 3 months in advance, from 20th May to 20th August 1826 21 - -
To Washing, same period 1 1 - To paper, pens and ink 7 6
Outlays £ S D To Money 5 - To Sergeant Cameron for drill 1 - - To Money to defray travelling expenses and for packet while on a visit to his friends at Gatehouse of Fleet at his Uncle’s request 5 - - 4 8 6 9 8 £28 18 2
£ S D To Board & Education, 3 months in advance, from 20th November 1826 to 20th February 1827 21 - -
To washing 1 1 - £ S D To Cash, 19th August, going on visit to Dunoon 2 - - To Cash, September, to visit Mr Wilson Glasgow 1 - - To expences [sic], for Watch repairing per Account 1 8 - To Postages from April to this date 17 7 To 4 pairs of Woolen [sic] Socks 4 - To a pair of Woolen Slippers 2 6
5 12 1
£27 13 1
XXXV THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
These invoices were sent to the Wilsons in Glasgow, who paid them on Samuel’s behalf to the Reverend Roxburgh’s brother, Adam Roxburgh, a partner in the merchant firm of Wingate Roxburgh & Co.65 The Wilson’s also looked after William’s interests in general (much as they had Samuel’s when he was at university). Mr Wilson, for instance, intervened when William complained to his father about one of his tutors. At Kilmaurs, William followed a typical parish school curriculum of arithmetic, English grammar, geography and writing, with the addition of some French lessons. Clearly anxious to return home as quickly as possible, he was keen to tell his father and brother how quickly he was improving, although the poor spelling and grammar of his letters would have told them a different story. Being ‘loansome’ appears to have contributed to his restlessness, just as it had done in New York. He was not alone in feeling its pangs: Samuel had suffered from it when he was in Glasgow, while his sisters Agnes and Margaret were ‘very lonesome’ when boarding at the nunnery in Quebec, to the extent that they cried each time their mother and Isabel Jr came to visit.66 John Neilson appears to have remained unmoved by his sons’ distress. In the case of William in New York, he instructed him to ‘Pick up spirits and be a man’.67 Perhaps reflecting his general mood of unhappiness, William’s early impressions of Scotland were on the whole unfavourable: the streets of its towns were filled with ‘dirt of all kinds’; the countryside was ‘good for nothing’ and ‘not worth talking about’; and the people were brusque and ‘bad bred’. He even had disparaging things to say about its horses (Letters 219 and 221). He was, however, ‘very much please[d]’ with a visit to Gatehouse, where he stayed for two weeks with his uncle William, aunt Janet and her husband, Charles McKeand (Letter 221). Samuel joined him in Gatehouse for part of the time, noting that ‘a great many deaths had taken place among acquaintances’ since he was last there (Letter 219). The greatest loss to the family during that time had been his grandmother, Isabel Neilson. She had died on 7 October 1822, aged eighty, after a long period of frailty during which she was nursed by Janet. In her last surviving letter, Isabel expressed the hope that the family would not forget Janet’s goodness to her and urged John not to ‘be over anxious with the concerns of this world but trust in Providence and mind the one thing needful’ (Letter 208). Buried alongside her husband in Buittle kirkyard, their gravestone reads: ‘They were eminently distinguished for piety and virtue, much and highly esteemed by their friends and neighbours’. On his return to Canada, William went to work on his father’s farm at Valcartier, leaving Samuel to run the printing business along with William Cowan. Samuel does not appear to have relished this life, however, as not long after succeeding his father he confided in his uncle William that ‘whenever I can afford to have 7 or 8 hundred pounds a year I shall amuse myself and let the world drive as it will’ (Letter 211). He was to continue in the role until 1836 when ill health rather than wealth prompted him to end his partnership with Cowan and sign over his share of the business to his brother. It also led him to spend winter 1836 and the following spring in Madeira, a popular resort at the time for British and other northern invalids seeking health in a milder climate.68 It was perhaps here that he found his true calling researching and drafting a book that would provide ‘useful information’ for other invalids travelling to the island.69 His uncle William wrote to him, expressing the hope that the climate of Madeira would improve his health and that ‘you will make yourself as cheerful and lively with friendly company on the Island’ (Letter 259). His health did not improve, however, and on 17 June 1837 he died of tuberculosis in New York on his way home to Quebec. William showed no interest in assuming Samuel’s role in the printing business, preferring instead to farm one of his father’s properties in Valcartier, where he remained until his death in 1895. John’s expectations subsequently fell on his third son, also called John. He appears only twice as a correspondent in the present collection. Both letters were written to his father in June 1835 from Gatehouse of Fleet, where he was staying while John Sr was on political business in London. They had sailed from New York to Liverpool in April/May, and then spent some time together in London before John Jr travelled to Galloway via Edinburgh. Typically, his father had arranged for him to spend at least some of his time in Gatehouse receiving lessons from the local schoolmaster, George Dun, although this was combined with more pleasurable pursuits, including a trip to the theatre. When John finally retired, John Jr not only took over the running of the printing business in partnership with William Cowan, but also became the proprietor of the Quebec Gazette. His interests lay elsewhere, however, and he went on to pursue a new and active career as a government land surveyor. From the early 1830s onwards, the number of surviving letters between Quebec and Galloway
XXXVI THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 slowly decreases. John and William’s generation were now ‘advanced in years’ (Letter 250), and death was beginning to reduce their number. Charles McKeand died in 1831, a ‘very painful seperation’ for their sister Janet, who was left to run the post office in Gatehouse with the help of her niece, Isabella Palmer (Letter 244). The following obituary appeared in the Dumfries and Galloway Courier of 22 March 1831: At Gatehouse on the 16th current, Mr Charles McKeand merchant and Post Master. For nearly forty years he resided in Gatehouse and was gradually adding to the circle of his acquaintances; and it may be truly said that no man was more respected by his friends or possessed a better claim to the most enviable distinction society can bestow. His sturdy principles pleasing manners and conciliatory dispositions will long be held in grateful remembrance by those who, even as friends and neighbours, suffer deeply by the present bereavement. Nathaniel Neilson died in October 1834, ‘much regrated by his relatives, neighbours and numerous acquaintances for correctness in all his transactions with his fellow mortals’ (Letter 252). He left behind a large family, but also a substantial fortune, the source of which was quietly acknowledged in his epitaph on the Springfield family tombstone in Buittle kirkyard: ‘Twenty-five years of his life he spent in the Island of Jamaica’. A new generation of Neilsons was reaching adulthood, and in his later letters William devoted considerable space to noting their progress. The daughters he mentioned all remained in the south west, sometimes working as domestic servants before marrying local men. Notably, none of these men worked directly in agriculture: Janet Palmer married a joiner, Anna Neilson a banker, and Anne and Janet Ross merchants, the last three instances reflecting the growing importance of the commercial sector in the economy of Galloway. In contrast to the daughters, most of the sons left Galloway to find work elsewhere in Britain, creating a family diaspora that stretched from Walsall (Staffordshire) to Kintore (Aberdeenshire), and from Currie (Midlothian) Fig. 11 A photograph of John Neilson, 1840. to Rothesay (Bute). While this broadly reflected a wider (Reproduced courtesy of Bibliothèque et trend for internal migration in mid-century Britain, the Archives nationales du Québec Collection, Neilsons were not among the increasing number of young Fonds J. E. Livernois Ltée) men leaving the countryside for employment in the new industries. Rather, they followed an older pattern of commercial and professional migration, counting among their number merchants, schoolmasters, writers (i.e. lawyers), a minister and a doctor – a consequence of the emphasis that the family had placed on their education. In the case of William, the eldest son of Nathaniel Neilson, his profession took him to India, where he served as an army surgeon in the Indian Medical Service. William Allan followed in his Uncle Nathaniel’s footsteps and travelled to Jamaica, where he secured a ‘good situation’ (Letter 183). Another two of the sons emigrated to Canada: William Palmer, son of Margaret Neilson; and Nathaniel Ross, son of Agnes Neilson. William Palmer had been persuaded by a friend called Crocket to emigrate with him to Pictou, Nova Scotia. They set sail from Dumfries on 21 April 1817 along with another travelling companion, McNeight. The Elizabeth was one of four ships to leave the burgh that month, taking between them over three hundred emigrants to various ports in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.70 They were following a well-established route: the Maritime provinces had been the main destination for emigrants from Dumfries and Galloway since the late eighteenth century, a trend that had significantly increased in recent years with the expansion of the timber trade. Pictou in particular had strong associations with the south west of Scotland,71 and for those who believed John Campbell of Annan’s glowing accounts it was the gateway to prosperity. For William and his companions, however, the reality turned out to be somewhat different. The post-war recession in Scotland had resulted in a sudden rise in emigration to Pictou, ‘from the Lowlands, particularly from Dumfriesshire’,72 and when the
XXXVII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 passengers from the Elizabeth disembarked on 21 May they found that both work and food were in short supply. Indeed, William found it a ‘reatched [i.e. wretched] poor place’ (Letter 143). What the three companions did next encapsulates the various ways emigrants dealt with such setbacks: McNeight was so disillusioned that he decided to return to Scotland at the first opportunity; Crocket fell in with friends, probably relations who were already settled in Pictou;73 while William, who had no connections in the district and did not want to return home, had to ‘shift for himself’ (Letter 143). In June 1817, having found ‘unsteady’ work as a day labourer, William wrote rather disconsolately to his Uncle John asking if he had any use for him in Quebec. Receiving no reply, he wrote again the following February. This time John responded, offering his nephew employment and the opportunity to buy 90 acres of land at Valcartier. The two appear to have met in Quebec some time after, but for whatever reason William decided to stay in Pictou and by 1820 he was the co-owner of a boat, which he used both for fishing and for transporting goods.74 He died in Pictou in 1826, aged thirty-one. Nathaniel Ross had been trained in the law and was working as a writer in Edinburgh when he decided to accept John Neilson’s offer of employment in Quebec. His duties, as John explained, were to encompass ‘keeping the accounts and looking after the management of a newspaper and the pecuniary concerns of the establishment with my assistance’ (Letter 263). A later letter reveals that he was to be engaged in the printing house for three years, after which time John would assess whether or not he ‘might be qualified … to take a share in the business’.75 Nathaniel had been working on his French for some time and might have emigrated earlier if it had not been for the rebellions that disturbed both Upper and Lower Canada during 1837 and 1838. As it was, he arrived in Quebec in the summer of 1839. As per the agreement, he was given bed and board at the family’s home in Mountain Street, but by March 1841 he had grown dissatisfied with his accommodation, informing his uncle that he was moving out because his room was ‘much too small and not very comfortable’.76 On 24 August the following year, with his initial engagement due to end at the end of the month, he wrote to his uncle asking if he was going to be kept on.77 John’s reply has not survived, but whatever it was it clearly did not suit Nathaniel as some time later he left the family business to work as a clerk in the city’s customs house. On hearing this news, William wrote to John expressing the presumption that the £30 he had advanced his nephew on leaving Galloway would be stopped now that Nathaniel had left John’s employment. This letter, dated 21 March 1845, is the last one between the Neilsons of Galloway and Quebec to survive in the archives, and closes the present collection. John Neilson died three years later, on 1 February 1848, at his country seat of Dornald, Carouge. Although long retired from business, he had remained politically active throughout the 1840s, serving for the last three or so years of his life as a member of the new united province’s Legislative Council. In recognition of his long years of public service and his prominence in the business community of Quebec, a memorial service was held for him in the city on 4 March. His funeral cortege set out from the family residence in Mountain Street and, followed by ‘an immense concourse of citizens of all ranks’, made its way to St Andrew’s Presbyterian church where the Reverend Cook gave the address. After the service, the coffin was placed on a hearse and, accompanied by around fifty other vehicles, taken to St Andrew’s Presbyterian church in Valcartier for burial.78 Back in Scotland, his brother William added the following simple epitaph to the Neilson memorial in Balmaghie kirkyard: ‘The Honorable John Neilson, Member of the Executive Council of Canada, Born at Dornal 17th July 1776, Died at Cape Rouge, Quebec 1st February 1848, and is buried at Valcartier, near that City’. William was seventy-five years old when John died. He too remained active in his old age, continuing to manage the properties he owned in Gatehouse. Their rent – along with the income generated by various investments and savings – appear to have afforded him a comfortable life.79 The Census of 1841 described him as ‘independent’, and he had sufficient funds to support members of his family, in particular his sister Margaret. As well as having a house built for her at Shankfoot (Balmaghie), he paid her son Malcolm’s school fees. The Census of 1841 also shows that he continued to share a house in Fore Street with his sister Janet, the town’s postmistress, and Margaret’s daughter, Isabella. He was still there in 1851, by which time he had been settled in Gatehouse for over fifty years. Although the town was still home to mills, tanneries and a brewery, the manufacturing promise it had shown in the late eighteenth century had not been realised. Thus, a national gazetteer published in 1842 stated:
XXXVIII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
But Gatehouse – like so many a dashing upstart in trade – was unable, at the day of reckoning, to withdraw all the bills of promise it had endorsed; and, from the date we have mentioned [c.1790], up to 1840, it has made such slow progress as to count now little if any more than 2,000 inhabitants, and … has not apparently been distinguished by a single event in keeping with the facts of its early history.80
Fig. 10 The gravestone erected in Girthon kirkyard by Janet Neilson in memory of her husband Charles McKeand. The names of Janet and her niece Isabella Palmer were subsequently added. (Photograph by Fergus Veitch)
With its bank, shops, weekly market and various tradesmen, not to mention the Neilson’s post office, the town nevertheless remained an important service and commercial centre for the surrounding countryside. Moreover, despite its arrested industrial development – or more likely because of it – Gatehouse remained ‘decidedly the most handsome town or village in Galloway, and is equalled by very few in Scotland’.81 William Neilson died of ‘old age and frailty’ in Gatehouse on 8 September 1857. He was eighty-five years old. Although he had spent most of his life in Gatehouse, his letters show that he retained a deep affection for Balmaghie, and his body was accordingly returned there for burial. The following epitaph was added to the family memorial:
In Remembrance of William Neilson, The Erector of this Monument, who was born in Meikle Dornald 22nd September 1772, died Gatehouse of Fleet 8th September 1857, and is buried here. His days were spent with care and industry in his native land and in America, being ever a zealous advocate for civil and religious liberty. He left a donation of Five pounds per annum for the Education of poor children not on the pauper list of this Parish. The memory of the just is blessed.
XXXIX THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
The correspondence between Galloway and Quebec appears to have died with John Neilson. William Jr had promised to write to his relatives in Gatehouse when he returned to Canada, but never did. Even Samuel, who had forged a strong bond with his uncle William while studying in Glasgow, wrote fewer and fewer letters to his Galloway relatives once back in Canada. ‘He mind me beth bi sea and lan till he wan hame’, his grandmother lamented (Letter 197). A clue to the loosening of these ties can be found in a letter Samuel wrote to his sister Isabel, in which he extolled the superior virtues of Canada over Scotland:
Every draught of Canadian air is worth ten of Scotch air and if salubrity of air be productive of health and the enjoyment of health constitute happiness (which I believe is undisputed) we are by far the more happy. (Letter 178) In truth, the Neilsons were no longer Scots in Canada, with one foot in the old country. They had become Canadians.
Fig. 12 The Neilson Memorial in the kirkyard of Balmaghie. The south face commemorates William Neilson. (Photograph by Fergus Veitch)
XL THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
NOTES
1 Campey, L. Les Écossais: The Pioneer Scots of Lower Canada, 1763-1855, Toronto, 2006, 13- 14; MacMillan, D S. The “New Men” in action: Scottish mercantile and shipping operations in the NorthAmerican Colonies, 1760-1825. In MacMillan, D S, ed. Canadian Business History: Selected Studies, 1497-1971, Toronto, 1972, 46-47.
2 Silliman, B. A Tour to Quebec, in the Autumn of 1819, London, 1822, 79.
3 Weld, I. Travels through the States of North America and the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada during the years 1795, 1796 and 1797, 2nd edn, 2 vols, London, 1799, I, 350.
4 A belief in divine providence was common among Presbyterians at the time and the Neilsons frequently invoked it to express thanks for good fortune and in particular to encourage fortitude in the face of death, illness and other misfortune. See, for example, Letters 26, 30, 95 and 261.
5 The rent for Little Lagganory was £12 per annum. See National Records of Scotland [NRS], Papers of the Murray Family of Broughton, Wigtownshire, and Cally, Kirkcudbrightshire, GD10/1079/51, Tack James Murray Esqr and Isobel Brown, Little Lagganory, 2 August 1791. In the letters, the name of the property is variously spelled Laganory, Lagganorie or Laganorie.
6 The Constitutional Act of 1791 had abolished the province of Quebec, replacing it with the provinces of Lower Canada (which included the cities of Montreal and Quebec, and was populated mostly by French-speakers) and Upper Canada (which was created largely to accommodate the influxof English- speaking Loyalists after the American Revolution).
7 Library and Archives Canada [LAC], Neilson Collection, volume 38, 001006-7, Alexander Spark to John Neilson, 6 November 1794.
8 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 38, 001008-11, John Neilson to Alexander Spark, 18 December 1794.
9 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 38, 00895-96, John Jones to John Neilson, 25 January 1795.
10 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 38, 001012-14, Alexander Spark to John Neilson, 15 January 1795. John had apparently written home asking for William to join him. See Letter 38.
11 NRS, Papers of the Murray Family of Broughton, Wigtownshire, and Cally, Kirkcudbrightshire, GD10/1086/8, Renunciation, Isobel Brown of Laganory, 2 December 1795. Isabel moved out on Whitsunday 1796.
12 OSA XI (1794), 315: Girthon, Kirkcudbrightshire.
13 Heron, R. Observations made in a Journey through the Western Counties of Scotland, 2 vols, Perth, 1793, II, 216.
14 OSA XI (1794), 315: Girthon, Kirkcudbrightshire.
15 Mann, P. The Gatehouse Experiment: The Story of a Lost Industrial Era, Cambridge, 1985, 10-12; and Steel, D. The Gatehouse Adventure: The Early History of Gatehouse of Fleet, Gatehouse of Fleet, 2011.
16 William remained employed on the Cally estate until at least 1843. For details, see NRS, Papers of the Murray Family of Broughton, Wigtownshire, and Cally, Kirkcudbrightshire, GD10/1325, Factor’s Accounts, 1824-1843.
17 Heron, 1793, II, 216.
XLI THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
18 Heron, 1793, II, 216.
19 A burgh of barony, Gatehouse was governed by a provost, two bailies and four councillors, who were annually elected by the resident proprietors of houses within the burgh.
20 The Constitutional Act of 1791 had established three tiers of government in Lower Canada: the Legislative Assembly; the Legislative Executive; and an Executive Council, which advised the governor of the province.
21 The one not mentioned here was Robert McKie, who had been recommended by James McGeoch of Girthon Kirk and worked at Carouge from 1824 to some time before 1828.
22 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 38, 833-34, Thomas Edgar to John Neilson, 2 May 1841.
23 Scottish emigrants often named their farms and settlements after familiar places in Scotland. John Neilson’s other country residence, in St Foy, was named Corsock, an estate which his ancestors had owned in the parish of Parton, Kirkcudbrightshire.
24 Le Moine, J M. Picturesque Quebec: A Sequel to Quebec Past and Present, Montreal, 1882, 263.
25 First Report of the Committee of the House of Assembly on that part of the Speech of His Excellency the Governor in Chief, which relates to the settlement of Crown lands, Quebec, 1821, 31, 36.
26 For this and other details about the early settlement of Valcartier, see: First Report of the Committee of the House of Assembly on that part of the Speech of His Excellency the Governor in Chief, which relates to the settlement of Crown lands, Quebec, 1821, 31-37.
27 Bouchette, J. A Topographical Dictionary of the Province of Lower Canada, London, 1832, St Gabriel.
28 Campbell’s letter was one of two written by Annan emigrants printed in the Caledonian Mercury, 11 October 1817.
29 Silliman, 1822, 81.
30 The Traveller’s Guide to America … also An Account of Upper and Lower Canada, Cork, 1818, 55.
31 The contrast between the Moderates’ liberal religious and intellectual views and their conservative political views is explored in Sher, R B. Church and University in the Scottish Enlightenment: The Moderate Literati of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 1985, 262.
32 University of Alberta Library, CIHM 61201, Journal of Progress in Education, at Mr Wilkie’s School, Quebec, from March 1, to December 31, 1815.
33 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 176, 6083, Daniel Wilkie to John Neilson, 30 November 1809; 6094, Daniel Wilkie to Mr Cowan, 20 March 1809; 6106, Daniel Wilkie to John Neilson, 29 February 1812; 6109, Daniel Wilkie to John Neilson, 7 April 1813.
34 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 44, 2717-2718, John Neilson to Isabel Neilson, 24 October 1816.
35 Bell, W. Hints to Emigrants in a series of Letters from Upper Canada, Edinburgh, 1824.
36 Bell, 1824, 12.
37 Johnstone, W. A Series of Letters Descriptive of Prince Edward Island, in the Gulph of St Laurence, Dumfries, 1822, 6-7. Although Johnstone hoped to attract more settlers to Prince Edward Island, his account does not shy away from describing some of the unpleasant aspects of the crossing, including seasickness and bad weather.
38 Johnstone, 1822, 7.
XLII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
39 Bell, 1824, 22-3.
40 Bell, 1824, 27.
41 For a detailed discussion on the ships that carried emigrants to north America at this time, see Campey, L. An Unstoppable Force: The Scottish Exodus to Canada, Toronto, 2008, 164-90 and appendices II and III.
42 In September 1815, there were 336 vessels registered in Greenock, navigated by 3,220 men. See Brewster, D, ed. The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 18 vols, Edinburgh, 1808-30, X, 109.
43 See, for example, Bell, 1824, 28-9.
44 Bell, 1824, 28.
45 Bell, 1824, 28.
46 Gerrond, J. The Poetical and Prose Works, Travels and Remarks of John Gerrond, Leith, 1812, 28.
47 For a description from 1793, see Gerrond, 1812, 29-30.
48 Defoe, D. A Tour thro’ the whole of Britain, 3 vols, London, 1724-27, III, 84.
49 Lettice, I. Letters on a Tour through various parts of Scotland, London, 1794, 70.
50 Chapman, R. The Topographical Picture of Glasgow in its Ancient and Modern State, 3rd edn, London, 1820, preface.
51 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 44, 2719, John Neilson to Isabel Neilson Jr, 24 October 1816.
52 Wade, W M. A History of Glasgow, Ancient and Modern, Glasgow, 1823, 20.
53 Ferguson & Stewart, clothiers, was based at 633 Argyll Street, Glasgow. See The Glasgow Directory, Glasgow, 1817, 58.
54 This was probably the writing master Thomas Rennie, who was based at 36 East Albion Street. See Glasgow Directory, 1817, 140.
55 J Harmand was a French and Italian tutor, and also the agent of the French consulate in Scotland. See Glasgow Directory, 1817, 78.
56 Robert Lochore had a shoe shop at 95 Trongate, Glasgow. See Glasgow Directory, 1817, 96.
57 Duncan Black’s shoe shop was at 76 Trongate. See Glasgow Directory, 1817, 24.
58 Maurice Ogle’s bookshop was at 8 Wilson Street. See Glasgow Directory, 1817, 131.
59 Hamilton, D. Scotland, the Caribbean and the Atlantic World, 1750-1820, Manchester, 2005, 58.
60 For this form of emigration, see Hamilton, 2005, 195. See also Harper, M. Adventurers and Exiles: The Great Scottish Exodus, London, 2003.
61 A portrait of Nathaniel shows him holding a pair of dividers, an appropriate symbol for an architect, navigator, surveyor or, indeed, a craftsman. See Neilson, F. The Corsock Neilsons: A Galloway Family, Sydney, 2013, 116-17, where the possibility of Nathaniel being a wine merchant is also raised.
62 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 36, 612, Isabel Neilson to John Neilson, 26 August 1820.
XLIII THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
63 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 44, 2669-71, John Neilson to William Neilson (copy), 1822.
64 Robertson, 1820, 386.
65 Wingate Roxburgh & Co was based in the city’s Trongate. See Glasgow Directory, 1826, 228.
66 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 36, 000341-343, Samuel Neilson to John Neilson, 27 September 1822.
67 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 44, 2674, John Neilson to William Neilson, 16 November 1822.
68 See Frawley, M H. Invalidism and Identity in Nineteenth-Century Britain, Chicago, 2004.
69 Part guidebook, part statistical survey and part description of local manners and customs, the work owed much to Samuel’s Enlightenment education, and has parallels in John Sinclair’s Statistical Account (1791-99), Robert Heron’s Observations Made in a Journey through the Western Counties of Scotland (1793) and similar works – although in some respects, not least the finely observed sketches of people and their material culture, it also looks forward to later ethnographies. The book was to remain unfinished. For his notes and accompanying drawings, see LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 42, 2157- 2348, Miscellaneous notes while on a trip to Madeira, 1837. For an example that was published, see Cooper, W W. An Invalid’s Guide to Madeira, London, 1840.
70 Campey, L H. ‘A Very Fine Class of Immigrants’: Prince Edward Island’s Scottish Pioneers, 1770-1850, Toronto, 2007, 73.
71 A party of mainly Galloway settlers had arrived there in 1775, and ‘more than any of its predecessors, directly and indirectly influenced the future of Pictou’ (MacPhie, J P.Pictonians at Home and Abroad. Sketches of Professional Men and Women of Pictou County – Its History and Institutions, Boston, 1914, 15).
72 Patterson, G. A History of the County of Pictou, Nova Scotia, Toronto, 1877, 276.
73 He was perhaps related to John Crocket, one of the original settlers of 1775, who had settled in Middle River, Pictou.
74 In a letter dated 24 July 1818, William Neilson informed his brother John that William Palmer had bought 100 acres of land in the neighbourhood of Pictou (Letter 173). Palmer makes no mention of this in his surviving letters, however.
75 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 37, 000762, Nathaniel Neilson Ross to John Neilson, 24 August 1842.
76 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 37, 000760, Nathaniel Neilson Ross to John Neilson, 18 March 1841.
77 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 37, 000762, Nathaniel Neilson Ross to John Neilson, 24 August 1842.
78 A report of the funeral was printed in the Quebec Gazette, 7 February 1848.
79 William Neilson’s testament shows that on his death in 1857, he was receiving rent from nine tenants in Gatehouse of Fleet. He had also recently invested a substantial sum of money in the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. See National Records of Scotland, Wills and Testaments, SC16/41/21, Kirkcudbright Sheriff Court.
80 The Topographical and Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland, 2 vols, Glasgow, 1842, I, 613.
81 The Topographical and Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland, 1842, I, 613.
XLIV THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
the SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC
XLV THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
1. Isabel Brown [Neilson] to Samuel Neilson
Woodhall 29th July 1789
My Dear Samuel,
I duly received yours dated the 13th April last and most sincerely lament the loss of my dear Brother. In consequence of the directions of the Curator we have joined and proved our propinquity which is now sent into Edinburgh for the purpose of being forwarded to the Curator and agreeable to the recommendation of the Curator I proposed us all to join in a power of attorney in your favour to act for us, but my Elder Brother declines joining in it and proposes sending out a power to his own son, who I understand he means should act for him, and from some advice he has got he thinks himself entittled [i.e. entitled] to the whole of his Brother’s Heritable Subjects, but from the advice given us he is wrong advised, and the Curators are right in their ideas of it. Should my Brother Langlands continue in this notion the rest of us viz. your Uncle James’s family and mill of Borgue people,[1] and myself, intend to immediately execute a power of Attorney in your favour along [illegible – page damaged] of the Curators as you are under age and send [illegible – page damaged] the meantime, as a Pacquet[2] will sail for Quebec next week, I thought it proper to give you this information that you may know what is transacting here and the confidence your friends here mean to place in you – which I hope by your future conduct you will prove yourself worthy of, and they at present seem desirous of showing you every favor in their power. I am anxious to know what you intend to do with yourself now that your uncle is dead and beg you will mention in your next letter and rest assured of every assistance in my power. Your Sisters and Brother are all well and desire to be kindly remembered to you. I ever am
My Dear Samuel, Your affectionate mother, Isabel Brown[3]
2. Isabel Brown [Neilson] to Samuel Neilson
Livingstone Boat 16th August 1789
Dear Samuel,
I received yours of the 13th April allong with the on[e] from the Gentlemen that is the Curaters with a copy of derectons [i.e. directions] from Mr Cargill, Writer to the Signet Edinburgh,[4] all which give me an acount of my Brother’s death which was a great surprise to me and I am hartly sorie for it. If it had bean ord[e]red other wayes but the Will of Hevin most [i.e. must] be submited to, for I am afread that it will be a great loss for you as you canot carie on the businis but I am surprised that you did not let me know in what line you think of fouling [i.e. following] whither you can fal in to any way of doing where you are or if you will be to com[e] hom[e] to your own countrie but that I hop[e] you will satisfy me in your nixt [i.e. next letter]. I have sent a letter bering deat [i.e. bearing date] 29th July which I hope you have received before this with an acount of our prosedings. Samuel it gives me great pleasour to sie [i.e. see] your conduck is recomended by the Curaters. I hop[e] that you will make it your study to do anything in your pour [i.e. power] for mantening [i.e. maintaining] that honour, which maketh the [h]onest man and the good Cristen and that geteth honor more than riches. In your nixt let me know how your cusing [i.e. cousin] Andrew Brown behaved and how the Curaters behaved to him when he was at Quebec for his father wo[u]ld not show me his letter that he wrot[e] from that pleas [i.e. place]. If you have any thought of fouling [i.e. following] the prenting [i.e. printing] business and could get it caired [i.e. carried] on but I am afried that you heve not practised for it your self but you know that best. I wo[u]ld heve you consider wisely on that which you think best and teake [i.e. take] the advice of thes Gentelmen which are your frinds and when ther is a seal [i.e. sale] of your Unkel’s gouds purches [i.e. purchase] som[e] trifle that you can get conva[y]ed to me for to kiep while I live and lit me know in your nixt how much you think will com[e] to each shair in
1 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 starling [i.e. sterling] mony; and if you think of any implou [i.e. employ] that your brother John could answer for and what timing is best for him for he is very ancus [i.e. anxious] of going to you but I canot remember every pirtuclar [i.e. particular] at present but I hop[e] you will give me a fule acount of everything when you writ[e] me ag[a]in which I will long for more now then ever as I think you are left in a streang [i.e. strange] land when as before when your Uncle was alive I thought you still at hom. All from your
loving mother, Isbel Broun
PS all your brothers and sisters ar well, my compliments to Mary Sproat.
Samuel you shuld get your frends watch for a rembrince [i.e. remembrance]. DQ[5]
3. Samuel Neilson to Isabel Neilson (copy)
Quebec 13th November 1790
Dear Mother,
In September past I wrote you of the Receipt of the power of Attorney [interlined: and last month I received a letter of the 30 July last] and I would have wrote you the 20th ultimo along with the Curators but multiplicity of Business prevented me and besides nothing important had occured which rendered my writing necessary and hope the present will serve every requisite purpose. I shall begin by a narration of the proceedings which have taken place since the receipt of the Power of Attorney etc. from which you will be best enabled to form a just conception of the conduct of the Curators and me, your and the other heirs’ Attornies. Before the arrival of Mr Andrew Brown we could not take up the Power and act as Attornies. He arrived in the beginning of last month when we all agreed on consulting the steps to be taken in order to begin to act as Attornies and it unfortunately happening that the Court had finished its Sessions a few days before Cousin Andrew’s arrival and would not sit again before the 1st of January. Mr Williams, the Solicitor General, gave his advice that the Curators could not give up their trust till the Court opened its next Session which advice put stop to any further procedings on that head till the 1st January when it will be brought forward and I’ll immediately inform you of the result – a Copy of Mr Williams’ letter was sent [to] the heirs by the Curators. Seeing we could not for the present proceed in entering on our Attorneyship, it was resolved to procure [interlined: as many] Bills of Exchange for the Money as we could but in this we were also frustrated notwithstanding every endeavour on account of the very bad hearvests for 2 years past. The ballance of Trade being totally against this Province and scarce any exports obliged the merchants to pay [interlined: their imports] in Bills of Exchange instead of Produce, which rendered it impossible this fall to procure Bills, and the loss to send home the Specie itself is so manifest that it would be the greatest folly as it could not be sent in current coin of Great Britain but in buillion which must be sold at a considerable loss besides what would be lost by insurance, freight and commissions. The heirs may however be assured that no opportunity will be lost to procure Bills of Exchange as soon as possible. By what I can learn Cousin Andrew has been dissuaded [interlined: by his lawyer] from putting his father’s claim for more than the rest of the Heirs, so that I hope we will have no disputes on that head. I still continue to pay rent for the house but it will be sold in January as soon as we take up our Power of Attorney, and I’ll endeavour to borrow [interlined: for its purchase the] money here by making it over as security till I be able myself to pay for it. I still continue in good health and my affairs go on as usual and I am paying as fast as I can what I owe for the purchas of the Printing Office, Bookshop etc. I promised in my last to let you know finally what way you should send out Brother John. I believe the least difficult interlined[ : and least expensive] will be by way of Greenock if an opportunity offers in proper time. You may allow him a cabin passage and if you chuse I’ll pay
2 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 for it here. If there should be no vessel going from Glasgow [interlined: or if you or he like it better] you may send him up to London to my correspondent Mr Peter Wynne, Stationer, Wood street, Cheapside, London who will chearfully take on him the trouble of procuring a passage for this place from thence, also pay it if necessary; or if Mr Hair, a merchant of this place, by whom I sent this letter, goes down from London to Scotland (his friends live in the parish of Kirkgunzeon) my Brother may come along with him by way of London. I have spoke to Mr Hair if he goes the length of Dumfries to call on you. You may give John such cloathes as you gave me. I do not know that any further instructions are necessary. However should anything necessary occur to you which I have not mentioned I leave to your discretion to supply. I need not add that he may be kept at school as long as the time will permitt. Remember me to Mr Jackson and Family and to all friends. With my sincere love to my Brother and Sisters. With the Tribute and Love and Gratitude which I owe to you
Dear Mother, I remain sincerely your Affectionate Son, Samuel Neilson
4. Samuel Neilson to William Neilson (copy)
Quebec 22nd November 1790
Dear Brother,
The ties of consanguinity and those sentiments of fraternal [interlined: love and] affection which unites us together and formed the mutual happiness of our youth before the avocations of life had separated us from each other ought not to be weakened by the lapse of time or distance of space. On the contrary dear William, we being now both arrived at the period of life when it becomes our duty to make use of that reason which the all wise Creator and Benefactor of the Universe has endowed us with to operate our happiness – we should therefore more firmly ciment [i.e. cement] and preserve from youth to age those bonds of love and attachment which Nature has bestowed for our mutual Blessing – thus shunning that sordid indifference the consequence of reciprocal neglect. The design of this letter then, Dear Brother, is to make tender of my unimpaired attachment with the most ardent wishes of a Brother for your future prosperity, hoping in return a similar acknowledgement of your sincerity. Our Mother’s letter of last Spring informed me of your learning the Trade of a Carpinter. If the small degree of experience which age or circumstances may have given me [illegible – words deleted] you could suggest any thing serviceable in the concerns of life. It would be the pleasure of my soul to see you reap the benefits thereof by making it your own. Since your inclination has determined you to embrace the profession of a Carpenter your chief attention must be to make yourself as proficient in every branch of it as possible – the mechanical part alone will not suffice to render you an able Architect, you must have the most approved Books on Architecture with drawing and plans of all kinds of work, which you ought carefully read and endeavour to understand whenever time will permit, learning to copy the different plans of work will be the means of enabling you to form the like for yourself when occasion may require. Excellence in Architecture opens as wide a field to exercise Invention, Judgement and Taste as any other Art whatever – it is an art which from its utility and dignity commands particular regard and attention. On a future occasion I will say something further concerning improvement in your business. In the mean time I must put you in mind not to forget the improvement of your Understanding which you ought to look on as an object of the greatest concern. The acquisition of Knowledge, which requires but the exertion of those faculties God has implanted in our nature, is the true means of making us happy and respected, a Blessing to ourselves, our
3 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 friends and acquaintances. Believe me, William, Knowledge is the Noblest Ornament of Human Nature. It is within reach of almost every one who [interlined: has the means and] will give himself the pains; he who will not is not worthy of such an inestimable jewel. But as the means of attaining Knowledge is in some measure out of your power from want of Books and as it would perhaps prove [interlined: the least] difficult for me to chuse and pay for them, in the course of next Summer or as soon as I receive an answer to the present I will make such a selection of Books containing useful knowledge and Books etc. on Architecture as may appear most proper for you and order my correspondent in London to send them to you from thence. I will also desire them to be sent to care of Mr Jackson in Dumfries. I wrote Brother Nathan yesterday by a vessel going from here to Jamaica. I have had no letters from him since last year. Give my compliments to your Master. Remember me to Sisters Mary, Margaret, Jannet, Agnes and Brother John. Present my homage of Gratitude to our Mother – nothing material has occurred since my last letter. You will write to me on the receipt of this letter. With the sincerest wishes for your prosperity, I remain
Dear William, Your affectionate Brother, Samuel Neilson[6]
5. Isabel Brown [Neilson] to Samuel Neilson
Dumfries [no date given] February 1791
Dear Son,
This comes to inform you that I am in good health at present hoping this will find you in the same. I am very much surprised that I have recived no letters from you since I recived one dated the 26 of September the year 1790 as you said you would write in les than a month. The rest of the heirs are very unsatisfied concerning the mony for they think it is kept back upon your account. Our long distress has required all my money and the coming here to give John education and I am almost out and you most [i.e. must] forward it as fast as possible. I recived a letter from [interlined: your] uncle of ring[7] tow [i.e. two] days ago informing me that he would have mony for the expences your late uncle’s education coast [i.e. cost] him. Tell the Curators to secure the mony [illegible – page damaged] so that he may have no claims upon it when it comes to Scotland. I remain
Your affectioned Mother, Isbel Brown
6. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson
Dumfries [no date given] February 1791
Dear Brother,
I am in good health at present, I thank god for it, hoping that this will find you in the same. I wonder, Dear Brother, that you sent no word of your h[e]alth in my letter but the next letter that you send I expect a true account of your health. Dear Brother, the ties of love and affection witch united us togither and formed the mut[u]al happeness of our youth before the vocations of life separatted us from each other shall not be weakened by the lapse of time or the distance of space. On the contrary, Dear Brother, we being now arrived at the piriods of life when it becomes our duty to make use of that knowledge witch god hath bestowed upon us and that we may improve it for out iverlasting happ[i]ness and let us not mind the vain and trifeling things of this world too much and let us be herful [i.e. ?careful] that we fall into no vice by neglect. Dear Brother, this is to make acknowledgement of my love and unimpaired attachment with the greatest wishes of
4 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 a Brother for your future wilbing [i.e. wellbeing]. Your Mother’s letter of last spring informed you, Dear Samuel, that I was learning the Trade of a Joynar wich I now is learning and I have two years of my time past and I was bound four years and a half with William Candles and first year that I was with William Candles I was about his kiln and miln and I now can work the miln but I have now [i.e. ?no] inclination after that way and the said William Candles is the supposed best Joynar in this place and a discret Master. I return, Dear Brother, the most greatful acknowledgements for your promises in offering me the Books of archetecture which I shall joyfully except of. I have taken advice from the fitest persons in this place upon archetecture and the fitest Books are thought to be Langlies builders reposatories, Chalmbers Compleat Body of Archetecture, Swan on staircases, Builders Dictionary, a cace [i.e. case] of Instruments, Fergusons Mchanicks [sic], Emersons Ditto, some Books of Ornements to be chosed by proper judgement.[8] I remain
Dear Samuel, Your affectionate Brother, William Neilson
7. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson
Dumfries [no date given] February 1791
Dear brother,
I send you thes few lines to inform that if I get no word from you before this comes to hand I Design to imbark for Qu[e]bec the first opportunity I can get by way of Glasgow as we think that you that you [sic] have wrote and it has miscaried. I remain
Dear Samuel, Your Affectioned brother, John Neilson
8. John Kennedy to Samuel Neilson
[no place given] March 1791
Sir,
My wife and I have our kind Compliments to [you] and wish that the bearer may arrive safe to deliver them and find you in good health as we are, thank God for it, at present. Your mother is so very kind as send me a reading of your letters and I am happy to learn by them that you are doing well and and [sic] it will give me at all times pleasure to learn that you continue to do so. Be kind to the bearer as he is [a] sweet and agreeable tempered boy and if you take care to direct him properly at his first outset he will make in a year or two an excellent assistant to [i.e. ?too or to you]. Do not forget your mother who I can assure you is very anxious for your wellfare. Write to her allways when you have an opportunity for she is very uneasy when an expected letter from you is long of arriving. I should be very happy to pay postage of a letter from you if you chuse to favor me with one, if convenient for you when the ships sail from Quebec for this is the latter end of the year. Send me a few of your Quebec papers that contain the most important intelligence for the two preceding months. I have sent a few of the Dumfries ones. If they are of use I would be happy, and if they are of use or amusement to you let me know for if so, and I spared till the Spring, I would send you a complete set for the preceding year, or if any thing occurs that I can do for you here I will be happy to serve you. Is there nothing in this place that one could send out to you that will pay and well for their trouble. Think and let me know. I
5 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 thought by this time to have had an offer from you of a good berth at Quebec. If you favor me with a line send all the news you can and I am
Sir, Your most obedient servant, John Kennedy
9. William Brown, James Brown and Samuel Brown to Samuel Neilson
Kingantoun[9] 17th March 1791
Sir,
We take the Opertunity of acquanting you that your friends in miln of borgue [i.e. the Mill of Borgue] and us are all well at present and hopes this will find you in good health. We have always waited with patience in hopes of receiving a letter from you but never has got any altho’ you said in a letter to your mother that you would write a letter to the rest of the relations as soon as Convenient but we Desire the favour of you that would send us an Exack State of Mr William Brown’s affairs and we trust you will do the your outmost for your friends in Endeavouring to procure good Bills and send home as soon as possible as you have the same power from us that you have from your mother and we hope you will take care of our interest as well as hers. We wrote a letter not long ago to the Curaters but we expect before this time that you and them will have taken up your power as Aturnies. In the letter we wrote the Curaters we made a proposal of sending it in specie and to insure it but we do not wish to have it in specie if it be possible to procure good Bills. The Curaters me[a]ntime in a letter to Messrs Brown of Langlands that they had given a offer to Andrew Brown to alow him to join in the Bills along with them but if they could procure bills for four shares, it shurely must be Easier for them to procure bills for three shares. We hope that as soon as you receive this you will Delay no time in sending us an answer to the above. This is all at present. But remain your friends,
William Brown, Mill of Borgue James Brown Samuel Brown
10. William Palmer to Samuel Neilson
Dumfries 22nd March 1791
Dear Brother,
This comes to inform you that I am in good health at present, thank god for it, hoping this will find you in the same situation and I have sent [interlined: you] the small present of a pair of shoes but I do not know if they will answer your foot or if such like quality will answer your City but if it could be any advantage for you to get a parcel of shoes from this place I can either make them stronger or thinner, larger or smaller as you pleas[e] if I can only get an opportunity to send them to you. I shall do my endeavour to you in anything that lay in my power and Margaret has her kind compliments to you and she would be very happy if you would be so good as writ[e] us a letter how you are in health and how your shoes answers you. All at present. Friend and Wellwisher,
William Palmer
Direct to the care of David McQuhae by Carlinwark.
6 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
11. Isabel Brown [Neilson] to Samuel Neilson
Dumfries 23rd March 1791
Dear Son,
I received your letter dated the 19th of November 1790 upon the 4th of March 1791 but it gives me much uneasiness that you did not inform me in your last letter or yet your Brother’s how you were in health as you had bean in a bad state of health formerly. Now as the Curaters and you is fully impoured [i.e. empowered] I expect you will lose no opportunity to make remitance as soon as you can in the way that is most advantageous for me as you know my subject was but small when you left me and I have had a great deal ado since you left me by trouble and edication of my familly but if you stand in nead of any of the monny as you spake of formerly you may have some of it if you stant [i.e. stand] in nead of it as you are all equaly the same to me. So I will make you no worse than the rest but only what you get you are to give me security for till such times as I make a equal devid [i.e. divide]. Dear Samuel, if your Brother be spart [i.e. spared] to come to you I hope you will be a Father as well as a Brother to him, but do not give him too much indulgence at first least he should be too forward and I hope you will not forget the exampel of your Father’s hous[e] and instruck him to do the same. Now if you want anything from this place that can be got at an easier purchess for you or your Brother send me word and I will find it for you. All at present from your
Loving and affectionate Mother, Isbel Broun
12. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson
Dumfries 23rd March 1791
Dear Brother,
I am in good health at present, I thank god for it, hoping this will find you in the same state. The first latter [i.e. letter] that you send to Brother Nathen let him know that I am learning the traid of a joynar. I have taken advice upon the Books of Archietectuarry and the[y] are
Langlies Builders Repositorie Chalmbers Complet body of Archietectuary Swan on stair cases Builders Dictionary A cace of instruments Fergsons McHanick Emersons Ditto Som[e] books of ornament to be choosen by proper judgment.[10]
Dear Samuel, I remain your loving Brother, William Neilson
13. Isabel Brown [Neilson] to Samuel Neilson
Dumfries 23rd August 1791
Dear Son,
I send you thes few lines to let you know that I am in very good health, your Brother and Sisters in the same. I received yours and John’s latters [i.e. letters] agust 10th 1791 which gives me
7 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 much happ[i]ness to hire [i.e. hear] of you wellb[e]ing and I am very hapy to hire of your meting, hoping you will be a blessing to each other if god’s will alow, and do not give John too much indulgence to pleasurs at the first untill you see his performancy. Hoping that you will be kind to him tho’ not known by him. You sent word in a formar letter that you stood in need of money and if you stand in need of any take what you have ocation for thinking the will be ocation for it gives me much esieness of mind you will let me know at any time when wanting helth. If you had bought the wa[t]ch and shoe buckels my Brother shall not have them with my will but I and the rest will inform you more fuly about them. Uncle of Langlands wants payment for late Uuncle’s [sic] Education as you have wrote me but I think as the Curators thinks he is well peed [i.e. paid] now I can say no more for myself about it. I and the rest will write a letter conjo[i]ntly together after some time. This favour I ask of you that if it is convenant [i.e. convenient] to send as much fur as will go round 2 Clocks [i.e. cloaks] one for Mrs Lorie of Woodhall and 1 for Mrs Jeksone if not very expencive.[11] Mr and Mrs Jeckson and femely have there service to you. I inform you that my Mother[12] took a Tack from Mr Murray Broughton about 2 weeks agow as much as will keept 2 cows in Gerthon [i.e. Girthon] Parish and to enter at Whitensday [i.e. Whitsunday] first. I ad no more at present. Dear Son, I remain
Your loving Mother, Isbel Broun
14. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson
Dumfries 23rd August 1791
Dear Brother,
I am in good helth at present hoping this will find you in the same. Expecting you will not fel [i.e. fail] in sending me word how you are and I sopose by this time my Books will be on the way coming to me. I s[ho]uld be hapy to hir [i.e. hear] the news of your contery [i.e. country] but as yet I know you are throng in Busness for the like of that but after this if God spares us. Dear Samuel, I remain
Your obedient Brother, William Neilson
15. Andrew Brown to Samuel Neilson
Langlands 28th December 1791
Dear Cousin,
About two weeks ago I was favoured with your two letters of the 25th October and 10th Ultimo but the one you mention via New York has not come to hand. My Father has also received your’s [sic] of the 10th Ultimo with J. Winslow’s Exchange for 250£ Sterling inclosed. By late accounts from London it was not accepted at sight, but was expected to be so honored last Friday. All the other Bills were duely received and honored of which you will have received advice before this time. The disappointment you mention must have been attended with the greatest inconvenience to you, for it could be none to my Father, and I hope you will rest satisfied that we have all stronger confidence in your friendship than to imagine that there were any partiality in the case. I see by your letter of the 20th June to my Father advising him of a Spale Box[13] containing late Uncle’s watch, his Shoe Buckles and one knee one, that you had also inclosed a small packet for your Mother, but when the box arrived here it contained no packet and when Mr Wynne received it he gives an account of all the other articles, but makes no mention of any such packet. The postscript to your’s of the 25th October mentions your having inclosed a second of John Gray’s Exchange,[14] that was a mistake in you, it was not inclosed.
8 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
My Father and Mother both desires that you will not give yourself any more trouble about the Furr, the price has dispeled that notion. The paper Mill of which you and me so often talked I did not neglect to inform myself when at New York, but forgot to give you an account of my intelligence. I cannot at present precure the necessary information, but before I leave this, which I expect will be early in the Spring, I will endeavour to precure a plan and estimate of all the requisites for carrying out on the whole operations and transmitt it you along with an account of the duties on the different kinds of paper. I am happy to hear that you keep your health so well, and that fortune smiles on you. I am not likely to recover my health thoroughly, though my voyage hither has been of great service to me. My Father and Mother, Brother and Sisters desires to be remembered to you. Please remember me to Mr and Mrs Roberts and all friends in Quebec.
From, Dear Cousin, Your well wisher and humble servant, Andrew Brown
16. Isabel Neilson to Samuel Neilson
Dumfries 27th February 1792
Dear Son,
This comes to let you know that I am well and likewise your Brother and Sisters. Margret and William Palmer had a daughter born about the beginning of January and deperted this lif[e] the 25th of the above. I hop[e] son you will not mind the world too much for we are but Choarts [i.e. ?cohorts] and I expect you will not forget the world to come. You said you would have no need of any mony at this time but for all that you shall share as well as the rest and likewise John. I have 700£ in the Bank in Edinburgh and the remains in the Bank of Dumfries except 300£ in Mr Murray’s hand and the interest will pay the rent of my farm and some little more. I am determent to mak[e] a will. Give me your advice what way to stept for I expect you have more skill then any that I would wish to aply too. I expect you will inform me in every latter [i.e. letter] of your helth ather [i.e. either] good or bad wich will give me much pleasure. You wrote to Laird of ring concerning shoe bukels and som[e] other things and likewise a small bundle to your Mother.[15] Laird of ring have receved the things mentioned but I have receved nothing. You have ather neglected to put it in or it has been lost by the way and if you put it in I wish you would mak[e] inquirey at Mr Winne about it for I did not chuse to write Mr Winne about it for desobligeing him. I would wish to have it tho’ it wer of little velue. I am very hapy to heir [i.e. hear] that John is doing well. I have no expectation that any of the frinds will favour you and therefore you may lak mony for what tro[u]ble you are at. This is all from your
Loving and affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
17. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson
Dumfries 27th February 1792
Dear Brother,
I take this upportunity to inform you of my being in good health at present hoping this will find you with my dear Brother in the same. I expect you will allwise be kind to yonger Brother John which I was very sory to part with in Scotland but I hop[e] he is in a better place. I have receved the Archetecture Books in full with a box and pents [i.e. paints] and a case of instrements and copys of ornaments. For those I return you many thanks. If you chuse to let me know what
9 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 the hols [i.e. whole] coms too if ever I have it in my pour [i.e. power] to do you as much service it shall not be undon[e] if asked. My Mother is geting a house build on Lagonorie, 2 story high 30 foot within by 15 within. My Mother is to live [illegible] Whitensday [i.e. Whitsunday]. I will peruse the books as well as I can. I can but learn little this year for I have non[e] that can learn me. I have wrot[e] to you as you ord[e]red me on receving the book which I have receved. Direct to my Mother [interlined: in Lagonorie] to the care of Mr James McCane post master in Gethous [i.e. Gatehouse] of fleet.[16] Direct to me, William Neilson, to the care of Mr David McClelland writer in Kirkcudbright prentice to William Candlish [illegible – page damaged] Balmangan Miln, Rerwick. This is all from
Your affectionate and loving Brother, William Neilson
18. William Neilson to John Neilson
Dumfries 27th February 1792
Dear Brother John,
I am hapy to inform you that I am in helth and all your sisters in the like. I am hapy to hear that you like the place well. Your Mother has hir service to you and likewise your Sisters. They are all hapy to hear of your welfaire. I hop[e] you will allways be obedaint [i.e. obedient] to your Brother. I should be very hapy to hav a letter from you as soon as you recive this. Remember me to your Brother and tell him ar you [i.e. you are] to write to me as soon as any of you recives a letter from Brother Nathaniel. I remain
Dear John, Your affectioned Brother, William Neilson
19. Isabel Neilson to Samuel Neilson
Dumfries 12th March 1792
Dear Samuel,
I wrote you sume weeks ago as William was here and I ageen [i.e. again] tro[ub]le you as I have got an opportunity of a young man (Andrew Dickson) that is going to settle in your place. I ame happy to here that John is doing so well and likwise that your affears are in a state of prosperity long may they ans[we]r your expectations and that a long with it you may may [sic] injoy a good state of health which I hope you will make a proper use of and you may rest assured if it’s in my powr to serve you it shall not be wanting. You mention of not reciving any letters since John’s arrivel. I wrote by the September packet which I hope you got. As to your not accepting any of the mony I ame hapy you had it in your powr to do for your self but you may when ever you stand in need aplay [i.e. apply] for it as I think it my duty to serve a son who when he had it in his powr did not abuse my offer. We are all in a good state of health, thank god for it, and hopes to here of a continaunce of yours. I expected to have got sum small thing along with my Brother as you mentioned in his letter but nothing came and I think the box had been opposed. I was going to have wrote Mr Wynne but did not think it proper till I have your ans[we] r and I have sent you a copy of Mr Wynn’s letter that he sent to my brother which is as follows:
London October 3rd ‘91
Sir,
Sume time since I recived a small box directed to you from Mr Sam. Neilson of Quibec with a referince to Mr Edward Boyd No. 42 lombard street to be delivered to him if he would take
10 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 charge of it. On Munday last I delivered it to him and it contained a silver watch, one pear [i.e. pair] silver shoe and one silver knee buckle. I will call on him today and and [sic] show him your letter and if he has not allready sent them I dare say will send them as you desire. I am Sir
Yours,
P Wynne
Dear Samuel, I only want to kno wether you sent any thing or not so that I may enquier after it. I ame going to return to the country at whitesunday [i.e. Whitsunday] and I ame getting a house to live in and you may direct your nixt to care of Mr James Mckune, Geathuse [i.e. Gatehouse] of fleet. The place I ame to live is called Laganory neer Gethouse. I hope you will write as sune as you can and allways write me how you keep your health and hereing of your wellfare will allways ad to the happ[i]ness of your
Loving Mother, Isabel Neilson
Mr McKune is post master at Geathouse.[17]
20. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Dumfries 12th March 1792
Dear John,
I having the opportunity of the young man that will deliver you this letter I ame going to inform you of the good word your Brother gives me of you. I consider it as a great comfort to you both that you answer his expectations and I hope you will make it your constent study to merret his favour and by a strick attention to your Business enable your self to be of service both to your Brother and your self. I have got nothing at prisent that is worth mentioning. As to your aquintince I do not kno wither he will come to Quebec or not, I meen William McQuhae,[18] as they are not shure, lest they never mentioned it to me. Your Brother and Sisters [send] best compliments to you both and ther [i.e. they are] hapy to here of your wellfare. I hope your brother and you the nixt time you write will let me kno what Linnen costs you as I intend to send you sum for shirts as sun [i.e. soon] as I ame settled in my own house and if you want other sheets or blankets or any other thing that this Country affords ch[e]aper then at Quebec let me kno and I shall do every thing in my pour [i.e. power] to serve you both, and if wooling stockings would be of service to you I would send them or any other kind you should want. Your brother William got the books sum time ago and is well settisfayed [i.e. satisfied]. I forgot to mention them in your Brother’s letter. I hope you will send word how you keept your health and and [sic] how you love the Country as you by the time you recive this have been a year in Quebec and will no dout have experienced the coldness of the clamet [i.e. climate]. I have no more to say but remember your Maker as he is the only one that can protect you. So remens [i.e. remains]
Your Loving Mother till Death, Isabel Neilson
21. Andrew Brown to Samuel Neilson
Greenock 17th March 1792
Dear Cousin,
I am here waiting a fair wind to return to New York. I left all relations in Galloway well, they were in daily expectation of a remittance from Quebec. Your mother was also well on the 1st
11 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 instant when I received the inclosed from her hand at Dumfries. Though I have no news to write you I cannot help observing the great changes that has taken place in this country since I left it. It seems to be allmost another land, the vast improvements in agriculture has alltogether altered the appearance of the surface, and the great number of well regulated manufactures of different kinds draws such a qu[a]ntity of money to the country that its value is much depreciated, to which if we add the great improvement that the manners of the inhabitants has undergone we will not wonder at their former way of life being altogether changed and must conclude that the country is become new. It gives me sensible pleasure to hear of your success in business, and I hope that it will still continue to increase with you, and I heartly wish that in a few years you may be able to retire and enjoy an independent fortune in this the land of your nativity, which you will find sufficiently adapted to afford you every enjoyment and convenience that can administer to your hapiness. For these reasons permit me to offer you my advice not to form any matrimonial engagement for a few years (as you have these yet to spare) untill you return thither, where you will have a far better assortment to make a choice on. Before this reach you I doubt you will be branding me with negligence; though I have been longer of writing you than I expected I have not been unmindful of your requisitions, but I found a compliance more difficult than I was aware of. I applied to every person in Galloway that I thought was likely to draw a plan of a paper Mill but could not find one that was adequate to the task, neither could I procure information of the duties on paper in that quarter. About tow [i.e. two] weeks ago I was in Glasgow where I found a James Chapman, a Millwright, who undertook it and has now furnished me with it; should it not be so compleate as you could wish you can apply to him at any time hereafter, but I am inclined to think that it may answer your purpose. His charge I thought very extravagant of three guineas, but such people avail themselves of their abilities, and indeed there is but few I understand that is capable of drawing machinery. You have it and the book of rates both here inclosed, from the latter I think you will be able to ascertain the information you wanted respecting paper, and I hope the whole will be satisfactory, wishing great success to the paper Mill. By the first opportunity that offers I shall be happy to hear from you at New York and how the whole answers. Before I conclude this I must inform you that my health is far from being confirmed and that I do not expect to be able to stay long in America. Please remember me to Mrs Roberts and family, Mr McFee, Mr Caldbraith, Mr Thery, Mr Gosline and all other acquaintances. Wishing you great prosperity in your undertakings, and the long enjoyment of perfect health. I am
Dear Cousin, Your sincere friend and humble servant, Andrew Brown
22. David McLellan to Samuel Neilson
Kirkcudbright [no date given] May 1792
Sir,
In absence of Mr Andrew Brown, his father opened yours to him of 5 January last covering Frazer & Youngs Bill in your favour 4 January at 90% for £80 on Messrs Dyer Allen & Company.[19] I immediately forwarded the Bill for acceptance which was refused in respect they had accepted the Second of same sett on 19th March. From this I was led to believe you had sent the second to a correspondent in London to be accepted, but as we have no word of it are at a loss to reconcile this with your usual attention and accuracy. Besides, the one sent to Langlands is payable to yourself and not indorsed which might have given us some trouble before receiving payment. Hope you will get the matter rectified with your first convenience; for Langlands had made some advances on the faith of the Bill being paid. I saw your mother on the 25th in her own house. She is well. The other heirs are looking for a remittance daily from what you say in your last. Mr A.
12 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Brown sailed from Greenock for New York on the 4th instant. In my next I will send you and the attorneys Vouchers for all the money remitted. I have a part of them at present but not the whole. I am
Dear Sir, Your very humble servant, D. A. M’Lellan[20]
23. Andrew Brown to Samuel Neilson
New York 28th June 1792
Dear Cousin,
Last March I wrote you from Greenock inclosing you a plan of a paper Mill and a Book of rates, these I hope you have received, and wish they may answer your purpose. After a passage of eight weeks I arrived here on the 31st ultimo. I think the sea has been of some service to me, for since I landed I have been considerably better than ever I have been for so long together at one time since I left Quebec. I understand that the Newspapers has not been so regularly forwarded to you for sometime past as usual owing to some new alterations in the post-office. The Gazette of the United States has been so irregularly forwarded that the people to whom they were sent and who used to distribute them amongst the subscribers here has thrown it up and I understand that they are now delivered to the subscribers at the Post-office.[21] I shall endeavour to procure it and forward it again to you as usual when it comes to be properly regulated. A few days ago I received a letter from my Father in which he informs me that he had opened a letter from you for me in which was inclosed a Bill for eighty pounds drawn in favour of yourself and not indorsed by you. This strange circumstance and new method of drawing Bills (he says) throws him into a deep consternation and calls on me to elucidate the mystery, but the task being too complicated for my comprehension I must request you to furnish me with suitable information. He and likewise others concerned begins to complain that promises are raither slowly performed and that that [sic] punctuality which ought to be observed is raither neglected. For my own part I am sorry that such mistakes should happen, for where they do, some are ready to conclude that indolence or inattention must be the cause. I shall expect that you will do me the favour of writing me as soon as possible, and let me know your intention with regards to the Paper Mill, how you keep your health, how all friends in Quebec are, some of your news and how far you are advanced in the settlement of the estate concerns. Please remember me to Mr and Mrs Roberts, Mr Thery, Mr Gosline, Mrs Calbraith, Mr McFie and any other acquaintances that may enquire for me, and oblige
Dear Cousin, Your friend and humble servant, Andrew Brown
P.S. By this opportunity I send you the Papers.
24. Samuel Neilson to William Neilson (copy)
Quebec 29th July 1792
Dear Brother,
I received your kind letter acknowledging the receipt of books etc. from London. I hope you have made or will make such an use of them as will turn to your own advantage – if so I shall think myself peculiarly happy. As the books sent were chiefly books of Art next year if no
13 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 unforseen event takes place I will send you another collection comprehending the most useful branches of learning. John comes on as well as I could expect and is of great service to me and consequently doing well for himself. I have kept my health very well since I wrote to you last and my affairs continue to go on to my satisfaction. I have not heard from Brother Nathan this year yet, which I am sorry for as last fall I had wrote to him something concerning you which I expected an answer to and to inform you of it in this letter. Write me a little oftener than you do. I shall always esteem it a great pleasure to hear from you and let me hear all the news. I am glad to find our mother has got a house built as it is always preferable to live in one’s own property. I hope you have helped to finish it well and decorated it with some architectural ornaments by this time. I do not know the situation of the place. I hope it is a pleasant and wholsome and in the neighbourhood of good and decent people. John tells me the Gatehouse of Fleet is greatly improved and augmented since I left home. Remember me to all our sisters, friends or old acquaintances – I have wrote to Mr Palmer – and hoping soon to hear from you again. I remain
Dear Brother, Yours most Sincerely, Samuel Neilson
25. Samuel Neilson to Isabel Neilson (copy)
Quebec 29th July 1792
Dear Mother,
I duly received your letters by the vessels last Spring which gave me the most hartfelt pleasure by informing me of your well-being and of that of all my Sisters and Brother and I hope that the present [interlined: time] will find you and them still in as good a state of body and mental health as that in which thro’ God I have the happiness to write them. Brother John also continues to enjoy uninterrupted good health and his progress in learning the business is in every wise correspondent with what I have hitherto wrote you, so that in a year or two I hope he will be almost able to superintend [interlined: all] my affairs should business or other cause require my absence. He is already of essential service. You are all no doubt very anxious if not angry about the delay of the remittances of the remainder of late Uncle’s Estate. I know you had reason to expect them long ere this and we the Attorneys were doubtless blameable in promising without an absolute certainty though we had the greatest probability on our side [interlined: and omitted no pains to fulfil our promise]. In addition to the Letters sent jointly accounting for the delay, I have only to add that the most unforseen circumstance have opposed our intentions. I forsee it will be October before we can make the remittances we thought we were sure of sending last spring but frustrated by persons with whom we had to deal breaking their engagements. But however the protractions of the remittances may displease you, you may rest assured none of the heirs will ultimately suffer any loss therefrom and the interest in this country is 1 per cent higher than in Britain. I would have wrote you two months ago but the hurry of business during all the month of June by reason of the Elections for members in our new House of Assembly did not leave me a moment’s repose and I have hitherto had no opportunity during this month. I approve very much of your scheme of making your will, it is what every one who has property should have always ready made by him for we do not know the hour or the moment we may be called and I myself since I received your letter after reflecting seriously on it resolved on making mine and keep it by me thinking to [illegible] neither sooner nor later of that. In my next I will according to your desire communicate to you my sentiments on that head which with my services shall ever be ready at your call.
14 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
I am sorry to learn that sister Margaret’s Child died but resignation to Providence is our duty and our consolation. I have wrote to Brother William and W. Palmer. I wrote last year to David McQuhae respecting his son William but he did not make any answer. I hope he is well and beg to be remembered to him. Please to give the other heirs the information in this Letter respecting the concerns of the Estate assuring them that I will make it my duty [interlined: to see] that nothing become repugnant to their interests. Hoping they are all in good health and in injoyment of peace and plenty, I request you will give my compliments to them and remember me to all who may inquire after
Your affectionate Son, Samuel Neilson
N.B. I have learnt from Mr Wynne of London that the Captain of the vessel which carried home late uncle’s Watch etc. either mislaid or never delivered the packet for you. It contained a Bible of late Uncle’s and some papers. If any vessels sails from hence to Greenock this fall I’ll send you something else to keep as a memento. S.N.
In my next I will write you respecting the price of Linen etc. in this place and the articles which might be got advantageously from Scotland.
26. Samuel Neilson to William and Janet Palmer (copy)
Quebec 29th July 1792
Dear Brother and Sister,
I duly received your kind letter of last Spring and while it gave me great pleasure to hear of both your well being I was at same time very sorry to hear of the death of your first child – but it is folly to repine at the will of Providence and our greates[t] happiness and duty is unbounded resignation. Brother John continues to do well, is in good health and desires to be remembered to you. I did not yet send you any order about shoes etc. which I mentioned last year but this fall I intend to write [interlined: to our mother] for a number of things and these among the rest. I hope everything goes on well with you and that you both keep your health. Thank God I have no reason to complain of mine for this long time past. I will always be happy to hear from you and particular to hear of your [interlined: domestic] happiness and prosperity. Write me some of the news of Balmaghie for it is there I suppose you live. I remain
Dear Brother and Sister, Yours most affectionately, Samuel Neilson
27. William Palmer to Samuel Neilson
Genoch 30th January 1793
Dear Brother,
This comes to let you know that we are in good health at present, hoping this will find you in the same, and we have another Daughter which is a month old just now. We are very happy to [interlined: hear] of Brother John’s prosperity both in respect to his health and business. Peggy and me desires to be remembered to him. I have received an Order from your Mother for three pair of fine shoes for you and twelve pair of prentisess coman [i.e. apprentices’ common] shoes which will be done in two week to be ready on the first opportunity. I could be very glad to serve you in any number of shoes that you
15 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 pleas[e] to write. For indeed they are greatly raised in price within this twelve months for we sell our Comman shoes about seven shillings a pair but you know if you could be any profiter [i.e. better off] in geting them from here you may depend upon the goodness of them. Be so good as write me if boots be much worn in your Country for they are grown very comman among every sort of mehanicks [i.e. mechanics] here. We sell them from twenty to five and twenty shillings a pair. In respect of Balmaghie parish it is much altered for their is not a gentleman dweling in the parish but Mr Lowrie in wodhall[22] and he is going to his new building in Crofts of Crosmichal [i.e. Crossmichael] [interlined: this spring] and Mr Muir is said to come home to Livinston this Sumer,[23] but agriculter and farm houses is much improven in this parish both on the Duchra and Balmaghie estets [i.e. estates] and through all the parish, and in Crosmichal likwise, and that part of Grenlaws Esteet [i.e. Estate] called Casayend and Carlinwork and Black park,[24] which he sold to the Dowglasess, at present posessed by men of the name of Douglas who has erected a Stepel [i.e. steeple] and a Councel house and prison and made it a burrow [i.e. burgh] where they have one Bilie [i.e. baillie] and six Counselers to be elected every three years. They now call it the burrow of Casteldouglas and they are now carrieng on the Cotton work their as well as Gat[e]house, Kirkcudbright and Dumfries. The[y] have built several houses for that purpos both their and in other places in the Countrie. Deaths. Robert Candlist and John Ewart’s wife is dead some time ago and likwise Samuel Bennet and David McClellan of Ewlock, and George Brown boatman is lost in the [interlined: water] six weeks aggo; he threw himself out of the boat for he was rather wrong in his mind; we got him a corp[se] in about four hours; he hase left a wife and eight children in a poor melancoly condition. You may tell John that John Heir is married on a woman [interlined: 65] near as old as himself, and Agnes Brown in woodhall is married on a brother [?of] James Kilroys. Allek Rae is Married on Anni Payne. Robert Boddan is married on Peggy Goun. We are thinking to go to a part of your Mother’s house as I find it is her inclination to have some of hers for to take care of her, it is lonson [i.e. ?lonesome] for themselves. I remain
Dear Brother Yours Most affectionately, William Palmer
28. Isabel Brown [Neilson] to Samuel Neilson
Laganorie 30th January 1793
Dear Son,
Yours of 29th July, and yours and your Brother’s of 10th November last, came duly to hand; and the accounts of your Health and the Success of your Business give me the most heartfelt satisfaction. The Draughts mentioned in your letter were duly received and considering the Difficulties which I am sensible you have met with your management has answered my utmost Expectations. I much approve of your declining Purchase of the Book Debts which might have brought you much trouble but could not have been any advantage to you. I was at all pains about your Commission relative to the Apprentices. Besides what Enquiry I made myself I caused an Advertisement be published in the Dumfries Journal with directions to apply to Mr Jackson to whom I sent a Copy of the Terms in your letter desiring him to write me as soon as any applied to him.[25] No applications were made to me and if any were to Mr J. I received no account as he is at present too much engaged in other matters that more nearly concern him to give me due notice. When you next write, mention particularly if your Apprentices are to to [sic] expect Board and Cloathing and be very minute with regard to the Terms on which they must be engaged that I may be able to give Satisfaction to those who may offer. Inform me if it is for your advantage to have your Lads from this place and if I must continue my Endeavours to procure them. In the meantime if any offer before the Sailing of the Vessels I will send them if I can think they will answer. I will if possible send you this ensuing Spring
16 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 as many of the Articles you commissioned as I can and what I cannot procure this Spring I will endeavour to have ready ‘gainst the next as I think it will still be for your advantage tho’ almost every Commodity is much advanced in price since you left Scotland. I have heard no account of the Buckles you mention in your last but hope they will arrive safe. Your Brother William had a Letter from your Brother Nathan in September last who says he expects to be home in Summer 1795. I am sorry to inform [you] of an unlucky scrape your Friend Mr Jackson has been brought into by Smuggling out his Papers unstamped which is like to produce serious consequences;[26] and should think the Present a proper time to give you Advices to follow close the Path of Rectitude, were I not assured you have [interlined: no] need of them. When I left Dumfries I undertook to send you a Commission from Mrs Jackson for as much Furr as will mount a Cloak, which I desire you will send by the first opportunity. Your sister Margaret has lately got a Daughter and we have heard nothing but that all your Friends are in health. Your Cousin Elizabeth Brown is lately married to Mr Samuel M’Millan who was formerly an Acquaintance of yours in Edgartown and now keeps a shop in Gatehouse. Your Brother and Sisters present to you their most affectionate Compliments. Deeply concerned for your happiness and Prosperity, I am always
Dear Son, Your affectionate Mother, Isabel Brown
29. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Laganorie 30th January 1793
Dear Son,
Your Letter which I received with your Brother’s gives me the greatest Pleasure. I am happy that you love your Business so well and make such progress in it. Tho’ I earnestly desire your Happiness, I think it Unnecessary to write you many advice as I am confident you will pay every attention to the Admonitions of your Brother who will never advise you contrary to your Interest and Happiness; and as I hope you will ever be as much on your guard against those alluring vices which steal in upon youth in pleasing forms as [interlined: against] those of a more heinous nature which shock at first sight with their Extremity. Beware my Son of the first as the most seducing, as the most dangerous enemies; anxious as I am for your Honour and good Behaviour I have too good an opinion of you to be much concerned for you in respect of the last. I hope God will preserve you in honour and innocence and dispose you to walk in the ways of wisdom whose End is Peace. I wish to hear from you often and again caution you against those Vices which are most ensnaring because most enticing.
– Mind the Cherry Brandy –
Hoping to receive continued accounts of your health, happiness and Improvement, I remain
Dear Son, Your ever affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
17 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
30. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Laganorie 8th April 1793
Dear Son,
I am hapy to inform you of my being in good health with William and all your Sisters and William Palmer. I thank God for the same. Trusting in our Maker that this will find you in the same state of good health. I recived the letter which you disired Peter Stuart[27] to write wich informs me of the Melencoly news of our dear frend Samuel how [i.e. who] is gone to the place apointed for all men kind. I hop[e] it will be a warning to you and me to prepare for the same event which is ap[p]r[oa]ching one and all of us. If ever I hear of your end I wish that it may be no worse than that of his which gives me great comfort. I intreat you, Dear John, not to be tow ancious siking [i.e. too anxious seeking] after this world worald for all is venity hear [i.e. world for all is vanity here]. As soon as you recive this you will write me concerning your health and afairs but be not sow ancious I say as your Brother which I fear has ben a mein [i.e. been a means] of taking away his life. I would have you not gri[e]ve to much at the los of your Brother for God giveth and he taketh away Blesed be his name [illegible – page damaged] ought not to repine upon Providence but alwise put our trust in him. Present my service to those men that has the care of you. Nothing is sent for you or leat [i.e. late] Brother this season.
Dear Son, all from your affectionate and Loving Mother, Isabel Neilson
PS I will write [interlined: you] in June or July.
[Added to the letter in different hands:]
John my servic[e] to you Brother, Jannet Neilson John my service to you Brother, Agnes Neilson
31. William Neilson to John Neilson
Laganorie 8th April 1793
My Dear Brother,
I lement with you for the los of our Dear Brother but he that took him from us is sufficient to comfort you and me if we put our trust in him which we ought to do at all times. In so doing we shall never be a shamed. I expect you will not burden your self with tow [i.e. too] much busness but take it in a midam and be sure if you find your self not in a state of health to leve your place and try another climet [i.e. climate] [interlined: perhaps you ought]. It [w]ould be the pleasur of my soul to be nearer you. I trust in God that you and I will meet face to face once more but God knows. William Palmer [interlined: and sister] is coming to have the half of our mother’s hous[e] and farm. He will flit within a few days. He has another Child caled James. Uncle of ring has service to you and disires you to write to him concerning your afairs and disires you to have a honest foreman and wel instructed in the traid. I will write you more ful nixt letter.
Dear John, Your affectionate Brother, William Neilson
18 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
32. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Laganorie 27th August 1793
Dear John,
I recived one latter [i.e. letter] from you since Samuel’s Death which aforded me much pleasure to hear of your being in good health and doing well. Since I recived yours I hav wrot[e] you tow leatters [i.e. two letters] one by the way of Greenock by the [interlined: ship] Unity about the middle of Aprile, one [interlined: sent] by Mr Lawrie of woodhall about the first of June sent by the pac[k]et. I hop[e] by this time you hav recived them. It surprises me that I have not a second from you at this deat [i.e. date] but I hop[e] you will mind to write afener [i.e. oftener] for the future. I hop[e] you will mind your Brother’s advise both temporaly and spiritually. It will be always my ancious disire to hear of your wellb[e]ing and how your affairs go[e]s on. What uses your Brother did for the hairs [i.e. heirs] you will take usages for every thing that he did as fare [i.e. far] as you know or can be instructed concerning the same as you are now beginning life as it were and will probably have considerable dealings in your business. The frequent occasions you will hav for advice from others will make you desirous of singling out amongst your most intimate acquaintance one or tow [i.e. two] whom you would view in the light of frends. In the choice of those caution will be necessary by a mistake here, the fatal effects you may hearfter [i.e. hereafter] experince wherefor it will be proper for you to make a judgment of those how [i.e. who] are fit to be your instructers by the conduct they have observed in ther own affairs, and the reputation the[y] bear in the world for he how [i.e. who] has by his own indiscrations undone himself is much fiter to be set up as a land mark for a prudant mariner to shun his courses than an example to follow. Let your indeavours therefor be at all adventures to comfort your self with men of sobriety, good sense and virtue; as the proverb is – a man is known by the com[p]any he keeps. Good men you will benefit by ther advice and conversation. Be frank and unreserved in delivering your sentiments when occasions offer yet that you be much read[i]er to hear than speak for to this purpose it has been significantly observed that nature has given a man two ears and but one tongue. Therefore let us lay in by observations that wich is good. If you have not wrot[e] concerning uncle William’s affairs you will give an account in your first latter and if any boys be got hear I wish to k[n]ow the true terms before I can proceed in asking of them. The terms we had before was not certain so non[e] is engage. That you will remember [interlined: your duty to] god and man. Your Sisters is all well at present, hoping to find you in the same. I am well at present and remains
Dear Son, Your Loving and affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
PS Jon, I will try to send you som[e] things ag[a]inst the spring. You will send me measure of your shirts, the dementions [i.e. dimensions] in inches.
33. William Neilson to John Neilson
Laganorie 29th August 1793
Dear Brother,
I take this opertunity of informing you of my wellbeing, hoping that this will find you in the same. I have recives but one latter [i.e. letter] from your since you went to Qu[e]bec but I hop[e] for the future you will write me oftener. Nothing hear can give me more pleasure than to hear of you frequently and how your affairs is doing and concearning the natur of your country and the different ways of things in your place. I [illegible – page damaged] Our Mother at present going to attend [illegible – page damaged] geathouse [i.e. Gatehouse] to get a little sketch of [illegible – page damaged] and would be willing to learn what would answer with you. Last
19 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 hervest I had a latter from Brother Nathen and he was well and intends to come hom[e] in the year 1795. Our Sister [interlined: Mary] is maryed upon James Allen which is in cumstonend [i.e. Cumstounend, Tywnholm]. The mill [i.e. meal] is 26 d per ston[e]; all living is very Dear and traid is very dul in this place and rebelion like to sprin [i.e. ?spring], all which makes it unconfortable but many a place wors[e]. I hop[e] you will not gri[e]ve too much at the los of our good frind. Let God’s will be ours. Amen. All frindsds [i.e. friends] are weill [i.e. well] and has there service to you John. I remain
Dear Brother, Your sencair [i.e. sincere] frind and affectionate Brother, William Neilson
34. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Laganorie 25th August 1794
Dear Son,
I have wrote you four letters since I received yours dated February 93 and hath only received one since, dated 26 April 94, which affords me much pleasure to hear from you and that you keep your health well; so I hop[e] by the continuance of your conduct for the future as it hath been hitherto your constitution will remain firm as it always hath done, but if at any time your health be impaired you will come hom[e] to your native Country where I hop[e] there will be food and rayment necessary, though not so plenty perhaps as in some other places. I am in good health with all your Sisters and Brother. I am hapy to hear that your business is agreeable to you and does well. On the contrary, I am sory to hear you are threatened with a war from your neighbours the Americans but I hop[e] it will not take place at this time,[28] but if it does keep your self as free as possible. And as you have informed me of that war supposed I can have no approach to make you in case of accidents. In the meantime I must put you in mind not to forget the wellfair of your Soul while you are in the business of this World, so let no worldly gain retard you from serving God. I have sent in a former letter concerning the articles you wished for but their is nothing sent, neither do I think it is proper to send anything till peace be, but at a future period anything that you wish for I will send. Likewise I have made inquary concerning Lads to go to you as aprentisess but there is none as yet. You will take the outmost penny for what Samuel did as an Attorney for the heirs, for the[y] are a persol [i.e. parcel] of unthankful beings for all that they have got, so they deserve no favour from you; the[y] likewise said that they never got what they knew have a farthing the Better of Samuel Nielson! All friends join in their Service to you. I Remain
Dear Son, Your loving and Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
35. William Neilson to John Neilson
Laganorie 25th August 1794 Dear Brother,
I take this opportunity of informing you of my being in good health hoping that this will find you in like state. Since I wrot[e] you last I have been improving in learning, and it is my desire to go to you in the spring in case you think it is advisable. I think I will be of service and do good for myself, so your answer will much satisfy me as it would be my pleasure to go. I will write you in about a month and expects to hear more frequently from you. So I am
20 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Dear Brother, With great respects to you, William Neilson
[Written at the end of the letter in a different hand:]
This certifies to all whom it may concern that John Neilson, lawful son of William Neilson and Isabel Brown, was born in Dornalls of Balmaghie Parish on the seventeenth Day of July Mviic and seventy five years. In witness whereof this Certificate is written and signed at Balmaghie Manse this twenty fourth Day of August Mviic and ninety four years by
Philip Morison, Minister William Strahan, Elder William Mackenzie, Elder
[Written in William Neilson’s hand:]
Dear John, Your age is certified by the above so as to satisfy any who may inquare concerning the same.
36. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Lagganorie 11th August 1795 Dear John,
I received your Letter and am happy to hear that you ar returned to Quebec, although I have come through a great deal of Sorrow and afront, as it was said you published hand bills against goverment, but you will write me as soon as possible and let me know the reason of your leaving the place without desembling and where you were and what you were employed, and now sinse you have desired your brother out I hop[e] your futur conduct will meet with my Aprabation [i.e. approbation], and I think you have not followed your dying Brother’s Advise when you played the prodigal so[n]. I am
Your Dear and Affectionate Loving Mother, Isabel Neilson
37. Charles McKeand and Janet McKeand to John Neilson
Lagganorie 11th August 1795
Dear Brother,
We are happy to hear that you are returned back to your business as it was a great deal of sorrow to one and all of us, but now in good spirits and would be glad to heare from you, so you will not neglect to write us. We remaine
Yours Sincerely, Charles McKeand Jannet McKeand
[Added to the end of the letter:]
Dear Brother, I am happy to Heare that you are returned. Agness Nilson
21 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
38. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Laganorie and Gatehouse 30th March 1796
Dear Son,
Since you wrote me on the 15th June last I have not been favoured with a Letter from you, which makes me very uneasy. I hope you are well and in good health, but my concern for you causes a thousand imaginations to distress me. Relieve me of this distress by writing on Receipt of this and frequently. In consequence of what you wrote your Brother William, he left us last August for Liverpool on his way to you. He sailed from Liverpool on 7 September in the Charlotte of Portland, Captain Benjamin Freeman, bound for Portland since which time I have not heard from him. He is an additional distress to me. I would fondly hope he is with you long before this time and that he has wrote me which is either miscarried or on the way coming. I have before me your Letter of the 14th February 1793 and observe the advices of your Brother Samuel when on death bed and your promises to attend to them. Let me entreat you to keep them always in view and you’ll find [interlined: much] satisfaction to yourself and yield comfort to your friends and to none more than your Mother. I hope you have seen the impropriety of leaving Quebec so abruptly. Give me your reasons for doing so, where you [were] and in short all the particulars of that Journey which gave me much grief, but I hope you will never give cause [interlined: for] a thing of the kind in future. Mr and Mrs Laurie join me in Compliments to you. They think you are very indiscreet in not answering their Letter. I am
Dear Son, Your affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
39. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse 4th July 1796
Dear John,
I am happy to heare that you and your Brother is got safe together and am happy to heare that he will be a benefit for you and him self at the same time. William’s letter dated 27 November and yours of the 23 January we received both upon the 20th May which gave me a great deal of pleasure as I was thinking never to heare of William more. As for John Carnochan I cannot say any thing about him as he is waiting an answer from his Brother and he is not in a very good state of health at precent but if you should want one you will write to that purpose and will look out for one suttable [i.e. suitable] for your purpose, and if John Carnochan should go out I will advance what cash you desired. Dear John, before you receive this letter you will be your own master and I hop[e] you will behave your selfe as one su[i]table to your station which will be a honour to your self and the Country you came from and hop[e]s that William and you will live in unity one with another and if ever you take a tramp again I hope you will come to Scotland. You will informe me in your Next whow hase [i.e. who has] got the book debts. Gave [i.e. give] my Compliments to Mr Stewar[t]. I wrote 2 letters in April one by the packet and one by Greenock. I am
Dear John, Yours Affectionatly, Isabel Neilson
22 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
40. Charles McKeand to John Neilson
Gatehouse 4th July 1796
Dear John,
I am happy to heare that you are will [i.e. well] and that your Brother is safe araived [i.e. arrived]. Jannet joins in Compliments to you and William. I hop[e] you will be no stranger in writing me, and am
Sir, Yours etc. Charles McKeand
Derect your letters Gatehous[e] of Fleet NB[29]
41. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse 4th February 1797
Dear Son,
I wrote you in June last at the same time that Charles wrote to William, whose answer he received a month ago. William Palmer also received a letter from him at the same time, but as you are not mentioned in either of these letters, I have not the satisfaction of knowing if you received my letter, or even of hearing that you were well. You cannot conceive the anxiety this omission has caused me and I intreat that in future you will always mention each other in your letters as it may happen that one may be miscarried and the other come to hand as perhaps has been the case in the instance I speak of. Since William’s arrival I have only received 2 letters from you, one dated 23rd January and another April 16th 1796. To hear often from you is one of the greatest pleasures I can enjoy and if you have the least regard for my happiness I beg that you will write me more frequently and consider that perhaps the half of your letters never arrive. We are all in good health and hope to hear the same accounts from you. Since I wrote you your Sister Margaret has had a son, his name is Robert. Your Sister and Brother in law present their best compliments to you and your Brother. And with the sincerest wishes for your Welfare and happiness I remain
Dear Son, Your affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
P.S. My Dear Son,
Whilst I wish you joy of your arrival at the age of Majority you no doubt expect a long advice with regard to the great necessity you now be under to attend strictly to your conduct and behaviour in life when you are your own Master. My inability to dictate rules for your conduct and the good opinion I entertain of your caution and prudence induce me to decline saying any thing on that subject. I recommend you to the protection and favour of a good God who will never forsake them who seek his favour, who will never suffer those to fall who put their trust in him.
Isabel Neilson
23 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
42. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse 5th April 1797
Dear Son,
This is to inform you that I am in good health at present hoping that this will find you in the same. I am sory that you cannot find so much time as write me a letter. I have not received a letter from you since April and there is nothing gaves me so much pleasure in this world as to heare from you and your Walefaire and good agreement betwixt your Brother and you and I hop[e] you will not neglect to write more frequent than you have don[e]. I am making up a piec[e] of Linning [i.e. linen] for you and William and you most [i.e. must] send the measure of your Neak [i.e. Neck] and Hands and when you know of an oppertunity to send them. I have laid by £40 to you and William being your part of the Interest that I can spaire and has gaven it to Charles McKeand at 4 per cent and a bill drawn conjunct to you and William payable at the post office Gatehouse so you will let me know what is to be done with it after or whome it is to be lent to. I hop[e] you or William when you write be sure to mention on[e] another and if that you keep your health well. I have wrote you a number of letters since I received any from you and will write no more till I heare from you so I hop[e] you will write me more frequent. I am
Dear John, Your sincerely, Isabel Neilson
43. John Neilson to Isabel Neilson (draft)
Quebec 9th August 1797
Dear Mother,
I received [interlined: both] yours of the 4th February and the 5th April last, yesterday. I now write you by Brother William, who intends to sail to day for Scotland (Greenock). He will inform you as circumstaniably [i.e. circumstantially] [interlined: the state of my affairs] as I possibly could. I feel with the most tender sensability your motherlike attention to my wellfare and sincerely wish that I may prove worthy of it merit it. Since the month of January I wrote you last I maried [interlined: Maria Hubert] a young Canadienne of Three Rivers. She proves to me a tender and lovely wife and I have no doubt will be the cause of my settling assiduously to Business and I hope with the help of God I shall continue to gain [interlined: in this country] an honest livliehood for myself and Family. It will perhaps be a matter of astonishment [interlined: to you] that I should marry a Stranger person of a different nation and religion. I shall give you my reasons. Joined with the most tender esteem for the young woman I considered that I was fixed for life in Canada and where could be the harm of uniting with one of its natives by the most tender ties. I thought that it would do much to reduce that monstrous prejudice between the Inhabitants Natives and the Europeans, which is so hurtfull to their respective interests and even dangerous to their safety. I found that I did not president precedent, even some of the most respectable characters in the country. It is true I consulted no one! and where could be the propriety of consulting others in such a case. Indeed, a sound examination of such affairs in one’s own mind at all times has proved most serviceable. However, dear Mother, I must be subject to your censure and shall only hope that the future will justify the present. I shall write you again by the first London mail and will continue from time to time to let you hear from me and fervently hope that you will not forget me.
Your loving and dutiful son, J. Neilson
24 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
44. John Neilson to Isabel Neilson (draft)
Quebec 27th August 1797
Dear Mother,
I now write you by Captain Maxwell of the 60th Royal American Regiment.[30] I wrote you last by Brother William who sailed for Scotland on the 7th [sic] instant which I hope you have received. I heard from William by a letter which he wrote to one of the Journeymen [interlined: in the office] dated [illegible] the 13th instant and have reason to hope that he has had a safe and expeditious passage. Since his departure nothing material has happened here. I therefore shall have little to write at present. You may tell my Brother that my goods arrived in the Nancy a few days after his departure and be so kind as to let him know that Joseph Jones,[31] Cowan and Lane beg to be remembered to him.[32] I expect to hear from him on his arrival. Assure my Sisters, and my Brothers-in-law, of my wishes for their happiness as also my relations and enquiring Friends – and you yourself Dear Mother receive my Sincere wishes that our God the dispenser of all good may render your days long and happy.
Your affectionate and obedient Son, John Neilson
NB I expect to hear from you on the arrival of William. J.N.
45. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse 16th December 1798
Dear Son,
I am sorry to say that I have not been favoured with any letters from you since yours by William and one the 27th August 1797 favoured by Captain Maxwell 60th Regiment 1st Battalion. I am glad to inform you that we are all well and hope that this will find you and your wife in a like state. You will not neglect your duty in writing me quarterly which will add considerable to my contentment and satisfaction. The Heirs of William Brown last winter made a discharge for the Attornies, addressed to you with power to deliver the same to which we have got no answer though daily expected. If your business should ever call you into Britain I would be very happy to see you. Sisters and Brothers join me in Compliments to you and Mrs Neilson. I wait for yours by return packet and am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
46. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse 16th December 1798
Dear Brother,
Since my return to Scotland I have wrote you twice. I have got no answer. I should be very happy to hear from you regularly with the news in and about Quebec. I beg to be remembered to Peter Stuart Esquire and family, say to him that his note was duly settled. My Compliments to Mr and Mrs Jones and Mr Joseph, Mr John Bennett,[33] Mr Cowan, Mr Lane, Mr P. E. Desbarats,[34] Mr Charles R,[35] Mr Old Joseph,[36] Mr Morrin and family,[37] and any that may enquire for
25 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 me. Say to Mr Jeffreys, shoemaker,[38] that I could find no young men that would agree to the arrangements of his letter though I made repeated application to that end. I wait for yours in return. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
47. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 1st March 1799
Dear Son,
It has given me much uneasiness not hearing from you for such a length of time – your last letter was forwarded to me by Captain Maxwell from Ireland and I have wrote frequently since yet still I receive none. It was however some consolation to hear from Mr McLellan that you were well and had wrote often altho’ they did not reach me. I have nothing particular to write but you may believe me it affords much pleasure to me and your other Relations to hear often from you. Say how you keep your health and how business is going on with you. Your Brother is still at home frequently complaining and has not fallen into any business hitherto. Your Brother and Sisters join me in best wishes to you and your wife. I am
My Dear Son, Your affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
P.S. You will please direct to me to the care of Mr David McLellan, Kirkcudbright. In the affair of your Uncle our friends growl sadly and they know not for what. Take care you are paid before you part with the cash for they will not advance to you again. I.N.
48. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse 9th March 1799
Dear Son,
I am very uneasy to say that I have received no letters from you since yours by William and another favoured by a Captain Maxwell 60th Regiment dated the 27th August 1797. I wrote you several times last year but has had no answers. I am doubtful that you neglect puting them into a safe conveyance because Samuel’s used to come regularly; as you have always an opportunity in the summer [of sending letters] either to Liverpool or Gre[e]nock, I hope you will not forget any of those. I was much satisfied to hear of you from yours to David McLellan and thought you might have wrote me at the same time. You will let me know how you keep your health and if you have any children. I beg you will not forget your duty to your maker as well as to man is the sincere desire of a tender mother. For the trouble as an Attorney to the Heirs of the late William Brown you will take a sufficient fee as you would have no thanks to do otherwise for they are unsatisfied heirss sic[ ] having no knowledge of the services rendered them by our family. Remember me to my Daughter in Law. Relations join in Compliments to you and Mrs Neilson. I wait anxiously for your[s] in return and I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
[written in John Neilson’s hand on the outside fold of the letter:]
26 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
I now know what it is to be a parent and regret the [illegible] which I may have caused to the tender feelings of a mother.
49. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse 9th March 1799
Dear Brother,
Since my return to Scotland I have wrote you sundry times but have received no answers. I should find my self very happy to hear from you regularly with the news in and about Quebec. I had the other day a letter from Brother Nathan in Jamaica, was well and intends returning home next year. We correspond once a month. Since my return home I have not as yet engaged in any business on account of the unsettled state of public affairs. When you write let me know how trade is doing with you and if Cowan is got to be a good bookkeeper and if expert at the calculating of the advertisements. My Compliments to Mrs Neilson, Joseph Jones, Mr Bennett, Cowan, Lane, Mr and Mrs Jones, Brown,[39] old Joseph, Mr R.,[40] C. Roy, and P.E.D. Relations are all well and wish to be remembered to you. I wait for yours in return, and am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
50. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse 3rd October 1799
Dear John,
I was favoured with a letter from you a few days ago, dated the 23rd July last, being the first favour I have received since my return to Scotland, though I have wrote you frequently. However I must confess that the nature of things before the time of my departure from Quebec had give[n] m[e] a considerable uneasiness and of course weakened the natural affection intimate among relations but whatever reflections I made about that time, they are now no more. And shall be happy to hear of you, your Wife and Family. Since my return here I have not been engaged in any particular employment, the reason of which, I found that during my stay in Canada I had obtained a bad habit of body, which is not altogether removed as yet. I had a letter from Nathan the other day, and have had a regular correspondence with him since my return. At the date of his last letter he was in health, and intends to come home next year. He wrote for me to go out there, but travelling at present is hazardous, therefor will remain here for a short time. It is most likely that Nathan has mad[e] a handsome fortune in Jamaica. I have been several times at the Dornald of Balmaghie, and had the pleasure of crossing over the ground where we spent a part of our youthful days about the wod perk, bog é loch, breakus muir, the Mickle drum, the wee dornal, the wee dornal hill, the green hights, the reans nest, the mid hill, the mur dycke, the grey craig, the sput, the all barn, the seugh yard, the brae abune the spring wall, the falls loch gour, the nitchle brae, the dramans slap, an out the rod to belly mack an Lauriston.[41] Sister Peggy and William Palmer still live in Gennoch near the Church of Balmaghie, they have Children, Janny, Willy, Boby and Isabel. Sister Mary and James Allan live in Ballannan, Tongueland, they have two Bairns, Christy and Willy. Sister Janny has no wains.[42] My Mother, Nany, Janny, Charles McKeand and me live in the same house here. With a considerable degree of satisfaction I read over the news of your place of which time had in some measure attached me. I trust you will manage your books perfectly well, much depends on this; when you receive or deliver mark down that very instance. A share of the other printing office will certainly be an advantage, in case you can conduct Desbarats rightly.[43] I am glad to understand that you are
27 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 nearly clear with Mr Wynne and hope that you will soon be independant. You say that you will pay Interest to the Heirs of William Brown on the mony you have in hands. No such Interest is required, and as to remitting their money, you can do that when you find it most convenient. My compliments to Peter Stuart Esquire, Mr Bennett, Cowan, Lane, C.R. [i.e. Charles Roy], Brown, Morrin, his wife and family, Mr and Mrs Jones, and Joseph Jones and all that may enquire for me. I wait yours in return, and am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
51. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse 13th January 1801
Dear Son,
I take the opportunity of a young man, a sailor, going to Gre[e]nock who will forward this letter. I am sorry to mention that I have received no letters from you during last summer or fall, of course it must be your neglect, for I am hearing of vessels arriving frequently from your place but I trust in the future you will write me twice in the year at least as I am at all times anxious to hear from you and your family. I understand that Andrew Brown is arrived at Port Glasgow on his way here. He sailed from Halifax N.S. If he has been in Quebec we may expect some letters by him. The heirs to William Brown are grumbling about the remainder of the Estate, so I think it will be as well to settle the balance as soon as you find it convenient, and so put an end to their hums. All relations joine in Compliments to you and family.
Dear John, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
52. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 16th May 1801
Dear Son,
I take the opportunity of a young man going to america by the way of Gre[e]nock, who carries this letter. I am somewhat surprised that I have had no letters directly from you since yours of the 23rd July 1799, but heard of you by one wrote to William dated the 12th May 1800. Since the latter I have not been favoured with one word from you. It would give me considerable easiness to hear from you at least twice in the year, as I am at all times anxious to know of the wellbeing of you and your family, so I trust for the future you will not neglect any opportunity of writing me. I am happy to inform you that I keep my health as well as can be expected of a person at my age, which is upwards of sixty. Remember me to your family and offer my compliments to them. It is still my duty to give you good advise, therefore I hope you will observe what may seem best both here and hereafter. Sisters and Brothers join in compliments to you and your family. I am
Dear Son, Your Loving and Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
28 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
53. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 16th May 1801
Dear John,
I am still in Gatehouse and have been in no particular employment since my arrival from america, sometimes a soldier, sometimes clerking, sometimes labouring etc. but I trust [illegible – page damaged] as the convulsed state of Europe is terminated I shall be more stable. Provisions here for these last two years have been extremely high in price, meal 6/- per stone viz. 17½lb. Other articles in proportion. I made every endeavour to find you a binder but could find none sufficient at your terms. Remember me to P. Stuart esqr., Morrin, Lane, Bennett, Cowan, P.E.D., Joseph J, Mr and Mrs Jones and any that may enquire for me. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
54. James Brown and John McFie to John Neilson
Kirkcudbright 29th May 1801
Dear Sir,
We are sorry that we cannot say any of your favours have reached us lately. From the one received we had good reason to expect a Remittance would have soon followed and that the business would have been finally closed long ere now, particularly from the situation you described the matter to be in. The Disappointment in not hearing from you is great, and we confess only to be equalled by not receiving a Remittance. The Business was both speedily and fortunately conducted in the early stage and we flattered ourselves that the same dispatch would have happened under the management of our Kinsman as occurred during that of our late Attorney, but alas our hopes have been ill founded. We cannot pretend to give you directions respecting the business as we are totally unacquainted with what you have done. Let us earnestly call your attention to this triffling business and entreat a Remittance in course with a state[ment] of the situation of the business otherways we will be very much disappointed. We are
Dear Sir, Your most obedient servants, James Brown John McFie
55. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 30th November 1801[44]
Dear Son,
I have not been favoured with any letters from you these two years past, which has given me considerable uneasiness. I wrote last sumer to Mr Wynne to know if he corresponded as usual with you.[45] The answer was that he did and had received several letters containing orders for printing materials; all of them had been handed to him in the course of this year. Now the fault must be on your part I having the same opportunity of receiving letters from you as Mr Wynne. However, I still hope that you will not withhold what will satisfy the mind of an anxious parent. When you write me let me know how many children you have and their names, if they are healthy etc. and how your constitution agrees with the clime of Canada as it has got now a considerable
29 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 trial in a country where heat and cold moves to extremes. Should your business allow I think it might be a very convenient time to take a journey for Scotland now when we are almost at peace with France, I say almost because the definitive treaty is not yet concluded,[46] though in daily hopes that it will be so. To see you in your native Country certainly would be a great comfort. The heirs to the deceased William Brown P. say that you have neglected their business altogether. You can write them when you find it convenient. My compliments to your wife and family. I desire to be remembered to them. Sisters and Brothers are well and wish to be mentioned.
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
56. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 3rd March 1802
Dear Son,
I was favoured with your very dutiful and affectionate letter dated the 16 November last. I am sorry to understand that you have been so poorly in your health but I am in hopes the moveing out to the country may be the means of restoring your health. You must not confine yourself to business but take a good deal of exercise on horseback in good weather. If you can make it convenient to take a trip to Scotland and bring your children along with you it would afford me a very singular pleasure and satisfaction to see you once more and nothing shall be wanting to children than I can do for them here. The remainder of the money that may be due to me from my Brother’s Estate I make a compliment of it to your two children, Samuel and Isabel. As you are become parent of a young Family in a Country whose religion and manners are very different from those in which you were educated, I hope therefore you will be very carefull to tincture their tender minds with love of truth and virtue and bring them up in the religion and morality of your forefathers rather than in the new fashoned doctrins of the times. The only news I have to write you from this place is the signing of the definitive treaty between England and France and which is [a] matter of great joy and rejo[i]cing here at present.[47] I yesterday received 15£ from Mr McClelland, my proporttion of your last remittance. Your Brother and Sisters join me in duty and love to you and your family.
Your affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
P.S. James Dennison, your old teacher,[48] desires to be kindly remembered to you. I should be glad you woul[d] write me have two letters from you annually.
57. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 19th September 1802
Dear John,
I received your favour dated the 24th May last. I wrote you several times last fall but you do not mention of receiving any of them except one by the circuitous course taking in Jamaica on the way to Canada. In your last I am happy that you had it in your power to tell me that you were tolerable well in your health along with your Wife and Children, and I trust by healthy food and regular living you will become strong and hearty. Our mother still lives here and is in tolerable good health. Margaret and William Palmer are in Gennoch, a small [word missing: farm] which William’s Father had before you went away,
30 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 you will mind it is but a short way from the Kirk of Balmaghie. They are doing pretty well. They have four children alive and two dead. I shall give you the names of those living: Jannet the Oldest, William, Robert and Isabella. Sister Jannet and Charles Mckeand live here. Charles is a considerable Merchant here. They have no children as yet. Sister Agnes is single and stays with her Mother. She is very much troubled with the toothack by turns a complaint which she is very liable to. Sister Mary and James Allan her Husband live in the parish of Tongueland [i.e. Tongland] in a farm belonging A. Murray Esq. called Ballannan. They have two Children; their names are Christy and William. They are in tolerable good circumstance. Brother Nathan has sent them fifty Pounds Sterling in the course of two last years past and means to continue doing so. For myself since I arrived in Scotland from North America I have been always pottering at something or other. I acted constantly for about three years as a Loyal Gatehouse Volunteer[49] or till we were disembodied on the 24th April last. Since the beginning of this year I have been doing as a Clerk in a large cotton work belonging to John Birtwhistle and Sons.[50] You may think from what I have been doing, or rather I shall tell you, that I am now a considerable good marksman. Were you within a hundred miles I should certainly favour you with a brace or so of Grouse or Partridge; the Grouse are muir game or the birds which, when in Dornald, we used to know by the name of muir hens. I am still thinking of going to Jamaica should a favourable opportunity offer up. I saw David McLellan the other day and communicated to him what you desired relative to William Brown’s Heirs; he said he meaned to write you by course of post. Our Mother, Margaret, Jannet and Agnes, William Palmer and Charles McKeand joines in Compliments to you and family and wish you all manner of Prosperity.
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
58. John Neilson to Isabel Neilson (draft)
Quebec 12th November 1802
Dear Mother,
I have not heard from you since yours of the 3rd April. I thank you for the gift of [interlined: your share of] the remainder of what can be collected of the moneys due my late uncle’s Estate to my two Children, Isabel and Samuel. I shall lay whatever I receive on that head out on a piece of land in the Country – in their names, so that if they are spared till they be of age they will enjoy the be sure of enjoying your bounty. I wrote you last in May to which I have had no answer. I expected also to hear from William. I am surprised he does not write me. Since my last letter my wife has had another Daughter, which we have named Mary after her mother. We are all in tolerable good health. I have found myself better this summer than the preceding: indeed, I have little reason to complain. I hope I shall be favored with a continuation of this blessing. Business goes on I am satisfied with the situation of my business: I have extended it considerably of late. I have assisted in establishing two of the young men who lived with me, one in Montreal,[51] the other in upper Canada.[52] I supply them both with what they want. The New Printing Office [interlined: here], which was set up in opposition to me and of which I bought the half, turns out very well. So if it please God to spare me some time longer, I hope I shall be able to live have a sufficiency to live comfortably and put my children after me in a way of saving their bread in a decent manner; and this is all a reasonable man can ask in this world; and I trust I shall ever keep in mind the next, which, however much trouble we give ourselves about this, ought to be our first object. I hope this will find you and my brother and sisters in good health. To all of them I wish to be remb remembered with brotherly affection. [illegible interlined material] You have now passed the age after which at a time of life which people are often favored with a serene good fresh and vigourous old age and may that old age be yours be serene and happy after all the troubles which
31 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 you have had in bring[ing] us up to act for ourselves is the sincere prayer of
Dear Mother, Your dutiful and affectionate son, J. Neilson
P.S. Please communicate this letter to William. Beg of him to write me and give me account of all our family and friends. I would have written to him at present, but I have nothing particular to say more than is in this letter. I have written to Mr McLellan on the subject of Mr Brown’s Estate. The Heirs have not written me because I suppose they know there was no money to be had?
59. James Brown and Samuel Brown to John Neilson
Kirkcudbright 28th January 1803
Dear Sir,
Your favour of the 14th November 1801 enclosing Bill of Exchange (£45 Sterling) in favour of us, with its Duplicates addressed to Mr McLellan, were both received and communicated to us, and he and we acknowledged Receipt thereof which we are easy to observe has not reached you. Your other favour of the 9th November last, with its Duplicate addressed to Mr McLellan, has also been communicated to us, and we are happy to observe that Mr Foucher[53] has at last been brought to a settlement, and before you receive this we hope you will be in possession of the second Installment, and we beg you’ll have the goodness to remitt both to Mr McLellan as formerly. With respect to Finlay’s debt,[54] and any others still unsettled, we must trust entirely to your good prudence in bringing them to an adjustment apprising us when any thing is done, for it is impossible in us who are unacquainted with the Drs [i.e. ?debtors] to give you any particular instructions. We are
Dear Sir, Your most obedient servants, James Brown Samuel Brown
60. David McLellan to John Neilson
Kirkcudbright 29th January 1803
Dear Sir,
You will be informed that all your letters have been duly received and communicated. The Relations were engaged to come to town today and sign their letter but only two of them found it convenient to attend. You’ll please take every prudent measure for their interest. Your mother and friends are all well. I am,
Dear Sir Your very humble servant, D. A. McLellan
You have a receipt for the £45 inclosed – D’L.
32 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
61. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 16th April 1803 Dear John,
I have before me yours dated dated [sic] the 24th May 1802 being the only one with which I have been favoured with since that period. I wrote you late fall by cousin Andrew Brown who was out at Greenock on some business which I hope you have received before this time. Certainly it is our duty and becoming relations so nearly connected as we are to correspond frequently and regular giving each other interesting, pleasing and perhaps useful knowledge. I shall give you an account of our family. Our mother still lives here; Agnes and me continue with her. Sister Jannet and her husband lives in the one end of the house and us in the other; we agree very well. Sister Margaret and William Palmer have the farm of Gennoch near the Kirk of Balmaghie. Their Children’s names are, first, Jannet, William, Robert, Isabel and Jeanny. They are doing tolerable well as farmers. Sister Mary and James Allan her Husband live in Ballannan, a farm in the Parish of Tonguland [i.e. Tongland]. They have two Children; their names are, first, Christy and William. They are doing very well. They work the farm for James McMenzies of Nunton. Brother Nathaniel has for two years past sent them from Jamaica thirty pounds sterling per annum and has promised to continue that sum and more if it should be found necessary. He has also sent Aunt of Bu[i]ttle, Jannet Neilson,[55] about five pounds a year, which sum has been very useful to her in old age. I had a letter from Nathan last summer, at its date he was then fully determined to return to Scotland this year now running.[56] No accounts as yet of his arrival. It is generally understood here that he has made a handsome fortune. I shall give you a short account of myself. Since January 1802 I have been employed in a considerable Cotton Work belonging to the company of John Birtwhistle and Sons. I act in general as paymaster and jumble my brains with the study of being correct in sumations etc. but as my constitution does not seem to agree with much thinking I shall try so soon as may appear convenient to alter my situation. War or Peace in suspense. We have had for these two months an alarming bustle in making again preparations for war! but still we have some hope of peace, though some of our sages do not hesitate to declare that war is unavoidable with France. Bonaparte is an [illegible – page damaged] seems to Hustle our Government very much. Present my Compliments to Peter Stuart Esq., Mr and Mrs Jones, J. Jones, P. E. Desbarats, William Cowan, John Bennett, William Morin, C. Roy, old Joseph if alive and John Gordon if in or near Quebec. Our mother intends to write you by a Mr Andrew Heron who means to call at your city on his way to Upper Canada;[57] he has been home here seeing his relations, perhaps he may have a few articles for you. Relations join in compliments and desire to be remembered to your family.
Dear John, Yours Affectionate Brother, W. Neilson
P.S. Tell Mr P. E. Desbarats I have his acceptance for Fife [i.e. Five] Hundred Pounds Currency, and am surprised he has made no remittance. It is under Brown. W. N.
The Heirs to Brown wrote you last fall giving their discharge for amount received. W. N.
33 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
62. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 17th April 1803
Dear Son,
I have before me your kind letter dated at Quebec 12th November 1802. I have not been favoured with any letters from you of a later date but hope you will write me by some of the first returning spring vessels. I am fully satisfied with the method you mean to lay out my share of the remainder of my Brother William’s Estate and beg that you will train up your children to Oeconomy; tell them that two farthings make a halfpenny and two halfpennies a penny etc. I am happy to understand that you are favoured with another daughter since. You have called named her Mary for her mother. The name also answers for your Aunt who lives here a widow of old Miller Thomson. It gives me great comfort to know that you have had your health better last summer than for years past. Temperance is an excellent Physician, this I trust you observe. I hope this will find you and your family well and may providence guide you in that way that may lend to your contentment here and happiness in a future state. Should circumstances or the situation [of] your business allow your coming to this country, it certainly would be pleasing me to see you in this our native Land but by no means do I wish that you should neglect your concerns to gratify my curiosity. I have sent you by Mr Andrew Heron a bundle containing three articles (cloths) of my own manufacture which you will use in Remembrance of me. Heron intends to call a[t] Quebec; you will treat him kindly. And I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
63. John Neilson to Isabel Neilson (copy)
Quebec 27th October 1803
Dear Mother,
I have only time by the present opportunity to say that I am well, together with my family. I received your and William’s letters of this spring, with the articles accompanying them; for all which I return my dutiful thanks. I shall write to you and William fully by the last ships; but as it is war time I do not let the present opportunity go by as the vessel sails with convoy. I remain, with love to Brother and Sisters,
Dear Mother, Your obedient and affectionate Son, J. Neilson
64. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 27th March 1804
Dear Son,
I have before me yours of date 27th October last, which came to hand 15th December 1803, and have not been favoured with any of yours since, though you said you would write me, and William, by the last fall ships. You mention the receipt of my letter and William’s accompanying the small articles sent by Herron. Indeed, your letter is so very short that I am not very well pleased with it. However, allowance must be made when people are engaged in business, but I am
34 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 still of opinion you might find a little more time and a greater number of opportunities to favour me with more particulars: tell me how you keep your health, the progress your children are making in their education, and such like topics will open a large field for longer letters. In short, two letters in the year would satisfy and as many more as you might find convenient. I now wish to exhort you as a father that you will be mindful to train up your children in such a manner so as they may be useful to themselves and an ornament to society. You know that youth is the time to inculcate the principles which will undoubtedly in a great measure guide their future conduct. In some of our former letters we made mention of your paying this country a visit. My seeing you personally on your native land would certainly be very satisfactory to me, though at this time it would be by no means proper, for we know not the moment when we shall be engaged with the enemy on our own shores. The preparations on both sides shew a warlike disposition, the consequences we are not able to foresee. The Heirs to my Brother William still are unsatisfied that you have not before this time made a final remittance. I think it would be best to settle with them amicably so soon as you may find it convenient and lay their jarring tongues on that subject. Your Sisters Jannet and Agnes++ desire that you would send them as much Furr as would be a muff and tippet to each, either made or unmade; any colour Mrs Neilson or you may think best but not Red or white; a dark grey would do (Mr J. Bennett might get this article cheap). You will put the furr into a small box+ addressed to Charles McKeand, Merchant, Gatehouse of Fleet, N.B., Care of Welsh and Sinclair, Liverpool. Send invoice of this article, and the amount can be remitted to London and placed to the credid [i.e. credit] of your account there. Brothers, Sisters and me join in Compliments to you, your wife and family. And I am
Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
++ They wish to say that they had each an article from you + Send it with a faithful ship captain.
65. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 28th March 1804
Dear Brother,
I expected to hear from you before now but have been disappointed. I received a letter from William Cowan of date 27th October last in which he mentioned that you were all well. He gave me a very correct account of all my old acquaintances. I think Cowan a very worthy character and trust you find him very faithful in whatever may be trusted to his care. I shall give you a few lines about the state of affairs here. Nothing but the noise of arms all over the three kingdoms in hourly expectation of engaging the enemy on our own shores [illegible – page damaged] employments are nearly at a stand and every thing giving [illegible – page damaged] to military exploits. Yesterday it was reported in a London paper that Lord Nelson had wrote to a friend of [illegible – page damaged] in England the Toulon fleet being at sea, and the English in sight ready to attack them.[58] Your old School Master Mr James Denniston lives here and desires to be remembered to you. Mr Andrew Brown from New York is also here. Should you send the small articles for our sisters put in a few of your newspapers for me, them sent before never came to hand. Brother Nathan is expected home this summer. Did you write him from Quebec? I think I sent you his address as he desired you would write him. It is said he has made a very handsome fortune in Jamaica. My compliments to your wife and family, and I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, W. Neilson
P.S. Write me by the first returning vessels. W. N.
35 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
66. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 24th April 1805
Dear Son,
As I understand there is a vessel at Grennock [i.e. Greenock] going for Quebec to sail about this time, I take the opportunity to send you a few lines. I wrote you the 28th March 1804; I expected an answer in the course of last summer or fall, but have not been favoured with any, on account of which I am very unsatisfied as I know well enough that you had many opportunities. I desire that you would not neglect in future to write me at least once in the year as I am at all times anxious to hear of you and your family’s happiness and situation in the world. In my letter to you of date 28th March 1804 I desired [you] to send as much fur as would mak[e] two muffs and two tippets for your Sisters Jannet and Agnes; if sent, is not come to hand. Cousin Andrew received a letter from Isaac Roberts of your place of date November last which mentioned you and that you meant to write and remit the Heirs of William Brown. However, they have not heard from you. Your backwardness in writing to me gives me considerable uneasiness but I hope you will be able to do that away in your next. As you now have children of your own you must certainly be sensible of the feelings of a parent and of their anxiety to be acquainted with the situation of their offspring. From these considerations I hope in future you will not be lazy in writing to me. All your Brother and Sisters are well and join in compliments with me, to you, and your wife and family, and wish you all manner of happiness and prosperity. I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
P.S. should you send the fur, address to Charles McKeand, Merchant, Gatehouse of Fleet, care of Welsh and Tod and Co. Liverpool.
67. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 24th April 1805 Dear John,
I must say to you I have not been favoured with any of your letters this long while, not since 24th May 1802. Since that time I have wrote you four or five. Should you have little time to write to relations, I shall only ask from you the day, month, year and your signature, these may complete you letter at times when business is pressing. I shall give you a short account of our relations. Aunt of Buittle, Jannet Neilson, died last summer and was buried on the 4th of June in the Church yard of Buittle about three feet to the north of our father’s grave; her funeral was attended by the most respectable parishioners. I had a letter a few months ago from Brother Nathaniel and [he] desired to be remembered to you. He [illegible – page damaged] that he would likely return to Scotland this year. Sister Mary and James Allan, her husband, have a small farm near Castle Douglas, formerly Causend.[59] They receive from Nathan £30 yearly. They have two Children, a boy and a girl; by their Uncle’s orders are [illegible – page damaged] school. Sister Margaret and William Palmer in Genoch [illegible – page damaged] well; have two boys and four girls, the boys are both at school. Charles McKeand and Jannet have no children and live in the same house with our Mother, Agnes and me. By this time you must have heard of the death of our Uncle and Aunt of Langlands. Cousin Dr John Brown is married and has built a new house on his estate of Ring; has four or five children. When writing to you the Dr Brown desired me to inform you that he was heir to his father and that you would forward his father’s share to him along with the other heirs of W.B. but
36 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 it may be necessary to consult Isaac Roberts on the business. You know the Doctor has been always friendly to our family; you will do the best for him. My Compliments to your family, William Cowan, William Morin, Joseph Jones, Mr Jones, Mrs Jones and old Joseph if alive and other who may ask for me.
Yours Affectionately, William Neilson
68. John Neilson to Isabel Neilson (draft)
Quebec 20th October 1805
Dear Mother,
It is a very long time since I have heard from you or my brother William. It perhaps may be owing to my own remissness in not writing to you frequently enough; but I hope you will write and let me hear how you are and my sisters and their families immediately after receiving this letter. I wish to know if Agnes is married and to whom, and how many children Margaret and Janet have and how they stand in point of circumstances. I am in tolerable good health at present though I have been frequently unwell during last winter and this summer. No very alarming symptoms have made their appearance. I have therefore reason to hope that I will soon get stout again. My wife and children are in good health. I lost a daughter a few weeks old in the beginning of last winter of the hooping cough.[60] Isabel is seven years old and Samuel five. They are both at School. My other daughter, Mary, is now three years old. I earnestly entreat you to write me as soon as possible. I shall write to William before the close of the navigation. [I] remain
Your affectionate Son, J. Neilson
69. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 28th December 1805
Dear Son,
With pleasure I received yours the 9th Instant of date 20th October last. You say that you have had no letters from me for a long time and an acknowledgement that you are remiss. I heartly forgive you for the past, and hope you will be more [illegible – page damaged] for the future. Sister Agnes is not yet married. Margaret has six Children, two of them are boys. Jannet has not Children. Margaret, her husband and family live in Genoch near the Kirk of Balmaghie; they have a farm there, very cheap. Jannet and C. McKeand her husband, Agnes, William and me live all in the same house. I am sorry to understand that you have been frequently unwell during the last winter and summer. I beg you will pay every attention that may be in your power to do away any complents which you may be troubled with. Frequent exercise of the body, a plain wholesome food and sleep, all well timed, and no extreme exertions either of body or mind are all necessary for the preservation of health. I am also sorry to find that you have lost a daughter by the hooping cough. We should be resolved to meet with fortitude all events that may be thrown in our way by the wise disposer of all. Your Sisters and William join in compliments to you and family. Though we are far distant from each other you have my best wishes for you, your wife, family.
Dear Son, Your affectionate and loving Mother, Isabel Neilson
37 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
70. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 28th December 1805
Dear John,
I received your letter this day of date 20th November [i.e. ?October] last. I am very glad to hear from you at any time. I know you have it in your power frequently in the Summer time to send letters to Europe, and your neglecting in future will be no excuse. I am sorry to understand that you are doubtfull of Bennett’s well doing; I thought him a steady character. However, a good man may be involved by his being too simple; it requires considerable hardiness in a man to hold his rights among a justling public. It is impossible to say what different degrees of hardining one should undergo so as to be able to conduct themselves properly. Remember me to Cowan, Roy, old Joseph and say in your next what has got P. E. Desbarats. Say to Cowan I received his letter a few days ago and will write him in the spring. You amuse me with the account of the middle Room, but when I reflect, I am sorry to find that you are so very sharp, skeleton like and thin. You must eat, drink, exercise the body, and all possible ease to the mind; and I trust you will become as fat as you say the wife is. On the receipt of this you will write me how you are. You will before this time have heard of the Battle of Trafalgar. Nelson died in the heat of the action; nineteen ships were taken.[61] We have had an account of a dreadful Battle in Moravia, on the plains of Auste[r]litz, in which Bonaparte in the end was made to retreat. However, you will have news papers along with this, which will give you an account fully.[62] I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, W. Neilson
71. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 30th March 1806
Dear John,
Our mother and me wrote you by post on 28th December last as answer to yours of date 20 November 1803. Since that time nothing has happened material in our family though public alterations have been highly interesting, i.e. the death of Nelson at Trafalgar, with Pitt prime minister, and Cornwallis commander in India; a total change in the British administration; the defate of the combined Powers on the Continent; the subjucation of all Italy by France; and at present great preparations for war apparently by all the powers of Europe, though Bonaparte sent over to England the other day a flag of truce supposed to contain a desire for peace; at present we have a just account of three French ships taken and two destroyed off Sandomingo by Admirals Duckworth, Cochran and Lewis. All these events perhaps you have had before this time.[63] I shall give you an account of our family. Our mother, Agnes and me live here in the same house with Jannet and Charles McKeand. Margaret and William Palmer [are] in Genoch near the kirk of Balmaghie; they have six children, four daughters, oldest Jannet, Isabel, Jean and Margaret, and two boys, William and Robert, who are both at school; Roby has been learning Latin about a year and is doing very well. Mary and James Allan have a small farm called Piate- thorn near Castle Douglas. They have two children, Christy and William; he is learning Latin and to be well educated by order of his uncle Nathaniel, who sends them £25 yearly for their support. My Compliments to William Cowan and say I will write him in a few weeks and tell him to write me by the first return of ships. Remember me to Mrs Neilson and family.
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
38 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
72. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 30th March 1806
Dear Son,
By your letter to William [illegible – page damaged] date November last, I was sorry to hear that you had been a little indisposed, but hope by this time you are got well, if not you must take daily exercise, plain food and a glass of spirits now and then, and avoid drugs as much as possible, and let me know by first return of ships how your wife and children are. The latter I hope you will train in such a manner as they may be useful to themselves, to relations and society. Relations join in Compliments to you, your wife and family.
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
73. John Neilson to Isabel Neilson (draft)
Quebec 30th November 1806
Dear Mother,
Rcd The last letter I received from you is dated the 28th December last and it gave me great pleasure after so long a lapse in time to hear that you were still in good health as well as the my brother and sisters. I beg you to rem[em]ber me most affectionately to them all Marg William, Margaret, Jannet and Agness and to my brothers in law Palmer and McKeand with the best wishes for their wellfare. I should be happy to go and see the land of my nativity once more and you all while God is pleased to spare us all alive. I am in an ordinary state of health as all together with my wife and children, Since I wrote you last I have Isabel, Samuel and Mary. Since I wrote you last we have had another Boy whom I have named William. He is now able to walk about the room. I have no reason to complain of my bussiness. I have however me[t] with a severe loss in the death of the old respectable correspondant of this House, Mr Peter Wynne of London; but the bussiness is however to be carried on in the name of his by his son whom he had received into partnership before his death. On comparing our situation in this country with yours in Europe we have reason to be very thankful. There you cannot but feel the effects of the cruel wars which the wicked ambition of the present ruler of France gives rise to. Here we are in perfect security the courage of our countrymen at sea has placed an impenetrable barrier between us and the enemy and the earth has of late produced aboundantly and the war procures us a higher price for our exports. The Season has been uncommonly fine. Our fall fleet from England arrived only about the middle of this month. The river is yet perfectly clear of ice and they will all be able to get away. I shall write to William by next opportunity that you may at least have a chance of receiving one letter should the other miscarry. I remain
Dear Mother, Your ever dutiful Son, J. Neilson
39 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
74. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 2nd May 1807
Dear Son,
I have before me your letter of date the 30th November 1806, which I received the 11th January last. It gives me great pleasure to hear from you frequently and regularly. I am in tolerable good health with your brother and Sisters. Agnes was married in november last to Alexander Ross from Edinburgh, now a Teacher in Balmaghie on the Estate of Grange.[64] You mention you would be happy to see the land of your nativity. It certainly would be pleasing to me to see you here, if the situation of your business would admit. I am happy to o[b]serve that you, your wife and children, Isabel, Samuel, Mary and little William, are all in a tolerable state of health; and I pray to God for your prosperity in this world, and felicity in that which is to come. Your Brothers in law Palmer, McKeand and Ross with Brother and Sisters join in compliments to you, your wife and family. You will write me on the receipt of this. I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
75. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 2nd May 1807
Dear John,
By your letter to my mother dated the 30th November last I was glad to know you were in an ordinary state of health. I hope by a regular and temperate course of life you will get stronger than you have been for some years past. I have received no letters from you I know not when. Brother Nathaniel was home last fall from Jamaica and was with us for about two months. He is again sailed from Cork for the west Indies in the month of March last. He means to return in the course of a year to his own Country for life; it is said he has made a considerable fortune. Sister Mary receives from him about £30 yearly. Sister Margaret had a son a few months ago whom is named Samuel. Have my best compliments to Cowan. Tell him I wrote to him last summer but received no answer. Remember me to Old Joseph if alive, Joseph Jones and family and others who may enquire for me. I hope you will be good to little William.
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
76. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 30th December 1808
Dear Brother,
I have your letter before me of date 28th October last, which I received on the 8th Instant. I am sorry to find you have not heard from either me or our mother this year. We wrote you last summer by a Gentleman going to New York. I am happy to know that you and your family are in good health and that you have a daughter named Margaret. Should your affairs permit you and Samuel to come to Scotland it would be a great pleasure to see you. Sending Samuel to this Country or England to finish his education and learn the art of printing may
40 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 be very necessary. You say little William is a bold, daring fellow and nicknamed by those of his age Bonaparte. I think you will manage him easier than we shall reduce our Napoleon; he is playing the very mischief. I am sorry to understand that you have lost so much by Bennett, Lester and Morrogh and others.[65] I have often told you to sell as little as possible on credit, but the good trade of this year will make up your losses. The public news at present do not appear very favourable for this country. Brother Nathaniel is come home from Jamaica and has bought Springfield, a small Estate near Castle Douglas. Sisters and Brothers are all well. Agnes has a son named William. Our mother has divided the greater part of her property among us. She has given each of us here £300 and you £400. You will in your first letter give directions how yours is to be managed. 10 percent is now charged by Government on the profits arising from property, professions, Trade, etc. etc. etc.[66] My compliments to your wife and family, Mr Cowan and others who may enquire for me. Tell him to send me a piece [of] tobacco addressed to the care of Messrs Welsh and Tod, Liverpool; you will pay for it. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
77. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 30th December 1808
Dear Son,
I expected a letter from you this fall but none have come to hand. By your letter to William I am happy to know of you and your family being well. I am as well as can be looked for at an advanced age of sixty seven years. I have divided the greater part of my property among my children; each of them has received £300 and have allowed you four. You will give directions in your first letter how it is to be used. Brothers and Sisters are well and join me in compliments to you and your family. Write immediately after receipt of this. Remember me to your wife and family. I wish you all manner of prosperity and happiness and Love.
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
P.S. let me know in your next if Mary Sproat be alive and well; also say if heirs of Mr Brown may expect any more. Send me a few lbs tobacco with William’s via Welsh and Tod, Liverpool.
78. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 31st March 1809
Dear Son,
I have before me your letter of date 26th November last, which I received 14th January per Glasgow, Captain Eun. It gives me pleasure to know that your wife and Children are well and your own state of health rather ameliorated. I wrote to you a letter last summer and one in the fall, which I trust you will receive. I mentioned that I had divided my property and allowed each of my Children Three hundred pounds, except you who is to have four, in consideration that you have not been in the habit of receiving any interest from me. Four hundred pounds is now at interest for you, in my name till instructions are received from you how it is to be managed. I am happy to observe your disposition with respect to your Children, and trust you will use every endeavour to instruct them in all the branches of education that may tend to enlighten their
41 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 understanding that they may become useful members of society and an ornament in the present age, an age of revolution and change, which I hope will tend to the good of the human race. Since you have named your daughter Margaret after your Sister, should you have another daughter I hope you will call her Jannet for your Sister here, who has no Children of her own; if a son, please call him John. My Sister, Widow Thomson, died here in January last, aged seventy six; my own age is sixty seven past in November last. This winter has been pretty severe on me. I have been much troubled with a cough and spitting, but I am now much better and hope to continue as the good weather is setting in. Your old friends Mr and Mrs Laurie of Danevalepark are both dead, the latter died a few weeks ago, the former some years since;[67] she was married a second time to a General Ferrier. Sisters and brothers with sentiments of affection desire to be remembered to you, your wife and family. You will write immediately after you receive this letter as you will have frequent opportunities. I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
79. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 31st March 1809
Dear Brother,
Since I wrote you on 15th February last changes have taken place: the Government of Spain is altered; the Duke of York is no longer commander in Chief of the Army, is succeeded by Sir David Dundas; Insurrection in Sweden, have deposed their King; Austria and France about to commence war against each other; and the Americas have taken off their embargo so far as regards all other countries except Great Britain and France and their dependencies.[68] I wrote you and Cowan of 15th February last requesting if you thought proper to ship some goods for me etc. If the American embargo be taken off so far as is reported, their goods will find their way to our market and the articles mentioned will not answer so well. However, Lintseed will still find a ready market here,[69] but you will consider what is best to be done. Should you send any goods let me have early notice that I may be prepared to sell. My compliments to your wife and family, William Cowan and any who may enquire for me. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
80. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 28th February 1811
Dear Son,
I have your letter before me of date 21st November last, which give me great satisfaction to hear of you and your family being well. I did not receive your letter which you wrote me on the opening of the Navigation last spring. As your family are increasing I trust you will be able while trade is good with you to give them a good education and also train them to labour and useful exercises and they will become strong, healthy and fit members of Society. You have called your youngest daughter Janet. I presume you have named her so on account of your sister here; if so mention in your next. I keep my health as well as can be expected at my advanced age, and trust that you will be temperate as I have been and you have a better chance of long life and happy days. Brothers and Sisters are well and have their Compliments to you and your Family. I am
42 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
P.S. In your next inform me if Mary Sproat be alive, if so my Compliments to her [and] Mrs Roberts.
81. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 28th February 1811
Dear John,
Your letter to me with our mother’s came to hand last January. I also received yours last Summer while I was in Camp. The noise of Arms creat[e] bustle; you will excuse me for not writing. Sister Margaret and William Palmer have the farm of Genoch near the Kirk of Balmaghie. They have eight children, the oldest Janet, William, Robin, Isabel, Jean, Margaret, Samuel and Mary the youngest, they are well. Sister Agnes and Alexander Ross live at Society hall, Grange Estate, Parish of Balmaghie. Mr Ross is schoolmaster and preacher on this Estate. They have two children, oldest William and Anne the youngest. Mr Ross wishes that you write him. He is a native of Edinburgh, an intelligent man. Sister Mary and James Allan have the farm of Piatethorn near the post town of Castle Douglas. They have two children, the oldest Christie and William the youngest. Brother Nathaniel lives at Springfield, an Estate which he bought after his return from Jamaica which cost about three thousand pounds. He is single and had a child with his Housekeeper last summer; the child is since dead. Our Mother, Janet, Charles Mckeand and me live here. News: the Isle of France and Banda are taken by the British; we have a Prince Regent; the King is getting fast better, so say the Ministry; no news of a late date from Portugal, the headquarters of Wellin[g]ton on 12th Instant was at Cartaxo, the French are said to be at Santarem;[70] a great many failures in this Country, trade almost at a stand; the Roman Catholics in Ireland are very [illegible – page damaged]; the winter has been very stormy, great damage among the shipping; provisions of all sorts cheap; great issue of paper money, Bullion very scarce.[71] Things at present do not appear very healthy. My brain is almost turned to think what is to be done. Dear John, you will write as soon as you may receive this. I intend to write you again in the summer. My Compliments to Mr William Cowan and ask him why he does not write me. I should like to hear from him; let him say what he likes. Is old Joseph dead? Remember me to any who may enquire for me.
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
82. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 25th February 1812
Dear Son,
I received your letter of the 8th June last, which afforded me great satisfaction to understand that you and your family were well, except Mary for whom I am sorry to know that she has been so long troubled with a swelling in her knee. I hope you will pay every attention to her and use what means may be thought best for her recovery, which I trust has taken place before this time. I am in a tolerable good state of health at present. I was rather poorly last harvest and had several ill times, but during last winter I have been in my ordinary way. Your old friend Doctor John Brown of Langlands died the 25th January last, a final short illness; has left six of a family
43 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 all young, two boys and four girls, the oldest not above thirteen years of age. Andrew Brown is trustee for the family. Your Sister Margaret has called her youngest son John after you and her youngest daughter Mary for your wife. She has a son Robert about fifteen years of age; is a sharp boy. Perhaps he might go out to you if you thought he could have employ. He is a tolerable good scholar, understands a little of Latin, English, Arithmetic, Book-keeping and mensuration. He is talking frequently himself about being a Bookbinder. In your next letter you can let me have your opinion on the subject. I hope you will be attentive with respect to health and not wearie yourself too much in business. It may perhaps be better to trade on a smaller scale and not credit every untried character. I shall be glad to know what proficiency any of your Children have made in their Education. I think that Samuel or Isabel may be able to write me a few lines either in your letter or one [of] their own. I will expect you will not neglect to bring them up to work at any sort of labour that may be useful to you or themselves; can do is easy carried about. Sisters have their Compliments to you and family. I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
83. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 25th February 1812
Dear John,
I have before me your letters of date 8th June and 20th November last, which are very interesting giving an account of Samuel and you being at Boston and the news respecting the United States and this Country. I must confess I have been backward in writing to you, but hope for the future will be more attentive in this respect. Since I wrote you last, Nathaniel is married to a Miss Agnew of Wigton; it happened about two months ago. It is said she is about 25 years of age. Her fortune will be but small. Agnes has had another daughter since I wrote you last, named Isabel. The Prince Regent’s restrictions ended the 18th Instant; Mr Percival and old ministry continue in office with little alteration. Grey and Granville have illegible[ – page damaged] take any part in the administration.[72] We think we will have a war with the Americans; we hear of their preparations to take Canada.[73] You will write me as soon as you receive this and try to get me a certificate when I was inrolled with you as a Militiaman signed by the Governor or others necessary as it may be of service to me now as I am in the Local Militia. My compliments to your wife and family, and Mr Cowan still has to write me, and never think anything about the French letter. I thought him an honest fellow; if I find men to be so, I care not though they are Turks. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
84. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 2nd October 1812
Dear Son,
I have before me three of your letters. The 1st one that came to hand was addressed to William and me of date first July last, one to William the same date and the last to him dated 19th same month. I am happy to know that you and your family are well. Agreeable to your wish I have settled four hundred pounds upon landed property in this village, that is Houses and feu purchased by William. I have infeffed [i.e. enfeoffed] your children,
44 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Isabel, Samuel, William, Margaret and Janet, that they may be sure of eighty pounds each, being the sum I intended for yourself which transaction you will acknowledge on the receipt of this letter. Should the american war continue I hope you will use a prudent moderation so essentially necessary in your situation in time of war, coolness and activity weighing consequences while acting is the duty of every one. We have still hopes here that we shall yet have peace with America though I am doubtful of it. As to your Children coming to this country in case Quebec should be attacked by the enemy, I can give them little bodily assistance as I am now turned old and feeble but have settled for them the sum intended for you agreeable to your desire, but I should think that William and your Sisters would do every thing they could should the Children come to Scotland. While writing, William has received another letter from you of date 19th August per H.M.S. Minerva and I am glad to know that the enemy has not yet entered Lower Canada and that an armistice is thought to have taken place. Your Sisters join in Compliments to you and family. I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
85. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 2nd October 1812
Dear John,
I have no fewer than four of your letters before me, which favour I esteem, 2 dated 1st July, one 19th July and one I received while writing of date 19th August. Their contents I have carefully read and I am sorry for a second American War, and when it may end it is impossible to say. In case Quebec should be threatened with siege, I think it would be very prudent in you to provide for your Family that they might come to Scotland till the war would be over; they might go on with their education there. I should do any thing in my power for them. I expect you have trained them to be industrious and not delicate about food or otherwise. You will recollect that we eat potatoes, porrage, cabbage, broth, oatmeal suings[74] and milk etc. though we have Tea, Coffee, wheat bread and the best mutton and beef to be found. You say there is a scarcity of money with you, I suppose gold and silver, and is to be remedied by a paper currency representing Government Bills of Exchange. I am of opinion that there would be no difficulty here in negotiating these bills if the Government is liable to pay them. I would advise you to get hold of as many of them as you can and purchase land [illegible – page damaged]. Owing to the depreciation of money here [illegible – page damaged] ten years ago would now sell at double the price paid for it at that period and I am of opinion that the depreciation will still go on in a certain ratio till paper money will be of very little value. You could forward a small sum in these bills to me for trial, but I think there can be no doubt of them if the British Government is liable to pay them. We have a coffee room in Gatehouse and I receive a London daily paper, the Globe. This day it repeats that the French and the Russians have had a battle near Moscow in which the Russians were defeat and that a negotiation had commenced between these great contending powers favourable to the French.[75] Compliments to your wife and family. I will write often and you will do the same as I am anxious to know your situation during so critical a time. I am
Dear Brother, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
45 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
86. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 28th January 1813
Dear Brother,
I have before me your letters of 19th July, 4th September, 24th October, 8th November and 20th November 1812 informing us of you and your family being in good health, and of the several affairs with the Americans. I wrote the 2nd October last by the Packet,[76] which you will have received by this time. In that letter you were made acquainted that our Mother had settled £400 on your Children on heritable security on property bought by me, her to have the annual rent during life. I am sorry to know that you have not a sufficient number of soldiers in Canada to have an equal chance with the Americans. However, there is some mention in the London paper of this day that the British will get Twenty Thousand Russian Soldiers in their pay to send out to Canada but I trust the Americans will be more moderate after hearing of the Grand French Army being nearly destroyed by the Russians. France has certainly received a very severe blow from the cold in the neighbourhood of Moscow and afterwards from the Cossacks. I have few Local news to inform you of. Provisions are at a very high rate this season as well as last and the poor are very badly provided for. In one of your letters you spoke of sending home Government Bills to get negotiated. I believe that could be very conveniently done here and the property could be managed whatever way you might direct. I will write you again in February or March. Our Mother and Sisters have their compliments to you and family.
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
87. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 28th January 1813
Dear Son,
I am very sorry to know that you are placed in a War situation but trust that you will conduct yourself with moderation in whatever situation providence may be pleased to place you in. I have been but very poorly during this winter with a cough and shortness of breath, but as well as may be expected at my time of life. In your letter you will acknowledge the settlement of £400 in favour of your Children that there may be no misunderstanding. Isabel, Samuel, William, Margaret and Janet each of them infeft for £80 Sterling. I trust you will be attentive to the education of your family and they will become useful to you and themselves and an ornament to society. Remember me to your wife and family and be attentive in writing as you have been. I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
88. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 29th August 1813
Dear John,
We were favoured with your letters of date 19th June and 2nd July, the latter forwarded by Mr Magnay giving us a particular history of the war in up[p]er Canada and hope that it will end
46 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 there without troubling Quebec. War still rages in Europe. There have been severe fighting in the neighbourhood of Bayonne with Wellington and Soult[77] and we expect that the French will be completely drove out of Spain. We have no account by this morning’s London Globe paper of the armistice being terminated but it is the general opinion that fighting again will take place in the north with the French and Russians, though a general congress for peace is still continued at Prague. Relations are all in tolerable good health and desire to be remembered to you and family. We have the prospect of a plentiful harvest this year. I should have wrote you sooner but I am so throng with building and have very little time.[78] You will acknowledge the receipt of our letters; there are many sent and few heard of. It is expected when you may be engaged in the war that you will conduct yourself with moderation and a sharp look out in case of dangers.
Dear Son and Brother, Yours Affectionately, Will Neilson
Our mother is gone to Kirk and the post is going off or else would have signed also.
P.S. I will write again in a short time.
89. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 3rd April 1814
Dear John,
We have received your letters regularly, the last of which, dated 16th November last, came to hand the 4th January giving a satisfactory account of the situation of your family. Sister Margaret was here the other day. To her I read your letter with regard to one of her sons, Robert Palmer, who is a very good Latin, French and English scholar, and understands arithmetic, mensuration and Bookeeping well. He is about 16 years of age, and should you think proper might be of considerable service to you and himself. In my opinion [he] is a boy of a lively and good disposition. Your next letter will inform us your idea on this subject. As we are in expectation that the americans will now be more moderate, since Bony has got a thrashing by Blucher and others,[79] the boy might with more safety get out. We have the Courier London daily paper.[80] It contains no news today. The allies are still in the neighbourhood of Paris and negociation going on; a division of Wellington’s Army are in possession of Bourdeaux [i.e. Bordeaux]; the Changes in Europe are great since General Frost and Snow drove Buonaparte’s Grand Army from Moscow. Trade is again getting good and meal cheap and a prospect of better times. We had an uncommonly cold and intense frost here last Winter. We are told by the old that it was like the year forty.[81] Our Mother and Sisters are well and have their Compliments to you and family. Our mother desires when you write to cause Samuel or Isabel to write a few lines as she thinks they may be able enough to do so that she may see their writing. Remember me to Mr William Cowan and tell him that the receipt of his letter give me great pleasure and will write ere long. I always thought well of Cowan and would be happy at all times to hear of him and his wellfare, also remember me to William Morin, Bennett and others with whom I was acquaint and C. Roy.
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
P.S. Tell Cowan to write me news when time will allow. W. N.
47 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
90. John Neilson to William Neilson (Extract)
Quebec 12th August 1814
Extract of a letter to my Brother William Neilson:
With respect to Margaret’s son William Palmer, I confess I would be glad to have him here, he being of the disposition and arguments you mention. I would take him till he is 21 years of age and place him upon the same footing with as my own children with respect to his treatment in the House and superintendence as to his future wellfare. Should [I] at any time be so dissatisfied with him as to wish to get rid of him, I would send him home at my own expense. If his father and mother are determined to let him come out, and he himself is also willing, I could wish that immediately on the receipt of this letter he were put under the care of some Stationer and Bookseller, and if the same person have a printing office so much the better. He should go to no person but of the greatest respectability for his honesty, regularity and attention to bussiness, and he should be allowed to attend in the shop and in the printing office occasionally as may suit the convenience of his employer and forward his obtaining an insight into the business. I would have no objection to allowing any reasonable indemnity which any person of the above description might bestow upon him. If he could get some insight into the Bookbinding bussiness it m[a]y also be of great future use. His spare time might be applied to perfecting himself in writing, Bookeeping and accounts. I would willingly allow all expenses incurred for these persons. I, of course, suppose that he is smarter of English Grammar, with which he can never be too familiar. He should set off to Liverpool or Greenock; a sail in April recommended; some House in either of these places; and leaving me to [?pay] his passage. There are every year Gentlemen of the Town sailing for Quebec in that month who upon mentioning my name would willingly take charge of him as a Cabin Passenger. Any ship master accustomed to trade to Quebec would also willingly take charge of him. Write me on the subject by the first mail after you receive this letter, and get the Boy himself, and his father and mother, to write also.
John Neilson
91. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse on Fleet 31st September 1814[82]
Dear John,
I was favoured with your letter on 25th Instant of date 13th August last per H.M.S. Ajax, which gave me great pleasure to hear from you after a considerable lapse of time and after events of great magnitude in Europe and in America. With respect to Robert Palmer, I went up to Genoch and shewed your letter to his father and mother and himself. He would have observed your instructions and would have gone out to you by next April had he not been engaged from Whitsunday last to Whitsunday next to keep a Parish School in Colvend. He told me he would write you himself next mail on the subject. His age is eighteen in November next, and is of opinion he might go out to you in April 1816 if this time could answer you. His mother seems to think it would be dangerous to go out during the war. In your next mention if 1816 would answer; he would have more time to arrange and obey the instructions you gave in my letter to him. We have today the official account of the taking of Washington and the destruction of all the public property there.[83] It is to be hoped that the American war will not be of long duration. Sisters and Brothers are all well and desire to be remembered to you and your family. Remember me to your son[s] Samuel and William. Tell them to be attentive at their education and pointedly obey the orders of their Teachers. My compliments to Mr William Cowan, Bennett, Roy and any who may enquire for me. I expect you may be able to write me this fall and tell me the fates [i.e. ?feats] done by the troops from France. If they are equal to
48 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 the Canadians there will be no reason to complain for the[y] have certainly done wonders. I am Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
92. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse on Fleet 31st September 1814
Dear Son,
William received a letter from you the other day but you mentioned nothing of your own health or family; but I trust you are all well. As to my health I, thank God, have no reason to complain. I trust during the war with America you will pay the strictest attention to all your public writings and be as little offensive every way as possible. I should be glad that Samuel and Isabel and William should join in a letter that I may see their writing, that I may have a little idea what sort of scholars they are. I trust they will be no worse than my own children. You never make any mention of your coming home to see me, not that I desire you, but if circumstances so favour it would be great satisfaction to me. I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
93. Robert Palmer to John Neilson
Gennoch 24th October 1814[84] Dear Uncle,
I and your friends here are all in tolerable good health at present, and I hope this will find you and your family in the same state. My uncle W. Neilson has been here lately and has shewed me your kind letter of the 13th August and I am exceedingly obliged to you for your generous offers, but I am sorry I am engaged until Whitsunday next as Schoolmaster in the parish of Southwick alias Colvend, so that I cannot execute your request this season. I have twenty Guineas of salary and quarter wages which amount to about as much but that signifies nothing without contentment, for I think it too laborious a business for me to continue in. I would therefore have made no delay in putting your requests into execution had I not been engaged. But I hope there will be no obstacles against April 1816 provided that time will be agreable to you. Meanwhile I shall lose no time in performing your requests with regard to perfecting myself in English Grammar, Bookkeeping, and Accounts etc. which are essentially necessary in any line of Business whatever. I would have given up the School just now and have put a substitute in my place but I found that it would have been a great disappointment to my Employers. Besides my Father and Mother persuaded me that the time I have proposed would be soon enough for me to set out [interlined: making observations about the war etc.] and even my Uncle W.N., who I thought before that nothing could affright, calmly observed that the American privateers were very numerous at sea etc.[85] I will indeed have more time to spend at a Booksellers [interlined: by this delay] and become better acquainted with the business, and would not be so awkward should I arrive at Quebec. We have indeed received very bad news yesterday concerning the war. We have heard that the British have lost almost every thing on Lake Champlain, and also that they been worsted in several other places.[86] But these were but American news, and we have not yet received the British official accounts, which we hope will not be so bad. But by the time I would set out we will perhaps be better able to judge which way things will turn out. You will therefore be so good as write me immediately on receipt of this letter, as I will give up the School as soon as I received your letter and go to some Bookseller if my proposals be agreable to you.
49 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
I was a[t] Gatehouse last week and your friends there are all tolerably well. My Uncle wrote you last month. My Compliments to my Aunt and Cousin etc. I am
Dear Uncle, Yours affectionately. Robert Palmer
N.B. I will be 18 years of age upon the 6th day of November 1814.
94. William Palmer and Margaret Neilson to John Neilson
Gennoch 24th October 1814
Dear Brother,
We are much obliged to you for your offer to our Son Robert and we are willing to let him do as he pleases. Our oldest Daughter Jannet is married to a Joiner called William Harris and they have a Daughter named Agness, she is nine months old. Our Compliments to Mrs Neilson and family. We remain your etc.
William Palmer Margaret Neilson
95. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 25th February 1815
Dear Son,
With pleasure I received your letter the 4th January dated the 20th November last. I am at all times happy to hear of you and your family’s wellbeing. William wrote you the 31st September last concerning Margaret’s Son, and he himself wrote you a few weeks afterwards both of which I expect you to have received. Your mention of coming home gives me some hope of seeing you once more, such an event would be very agreeable to me if your business could be arranged so as to allow you to be absent for a season. I think it very proper that your Son’s education should be finished and that can be done in Scotland as well as any part of Europe. The state of my health is tolerably good, but when my advanced age is considered, it can not be expected to be of a long continuance and must submit to the will of providence. Your Sister Mary died the 14th December last after a short illness. Her funeral was attended respectably and [she] was interred in the family burrying ground in the Church Yard of Buittle. She has left a husband and two Children, a son and daughter, both able to do for themselves; was much respected for her honesty and simplicity. Brothers and Sisters are well and join in Compliments to you and family, and would be glad to see you and Samuel in your native Country. I am
Dear Son, Your affectionate mother, Isabel Neilson
96. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 25th February 1815
Dear John,
I wrote you the 31st September last concerning Robert Palmer, Sister Margaret’s son. He was then and is still teaching a parish school Southwick, about ten miles from Dumfries. I was down
50 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 seeing him at candlemas, he had 100 schollers at that time and the inhabitants well pleased with him and his manner of teaching. He expected to hear from you, and if you come to Scotland this year you will see him, and might be a good opportunity to go out with you. I have encouraged him as much as I could to get forwarded in his education and think that he will do well. I have nothing particular to communicate. You must have heard by this time of the treaty with the United States and I think we shall have peace all over the world.[87] I should be glad to see you here with Samuel if you could find it convenient. Should you set out for home, be sure to write before you sail. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
97. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 30th December 1815
Dear Brother,
I received yours per the Honourable and Reverend Stuart,[88] also this morning yours of 9th November last. These give us much pleasure to hear of you and family and that you intend coming home next spring. Robert Palmer is teaching a school in the Parish of Southwick and is doing very well. I shall acquaint him with what you mention. He may do very well in this Country, if he would follow his learning as he is likely to do. We are happy to know you have an addition to your family of a Daughter, and hope you will pay every attention to their education and morals that they may become useful to themselves and an ornament to Society. I think I mentioned before the death of Sister Mary; she died about this time last year. Her family lives near Castle douglas. Her son William is teaching a school in Kelton. Brother Nathan is in Springfield, has a wife and two Children, William and Ann. Sisters and their families join in Compliments to you and family and will be happy to see you and Samuel in this your native Country, and that you will fix on the most moderate Season of the year for sea with necessary material for the voyage. Be sure to have some physic. I was very much in want of it myself; was costive while at sea. My Compliments to the family and wish you all a happy New Year and many returns. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
98. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 30th December 1815
Dear Son,
It gives me pleasure to hear from you and that your family are well. I am in tolerable health myself, but right ill at times with the Host[89] and suffering shortness of breath; these I have long been troubled with. I will be glad to see you. My Compliments to Mrs Neilson and family and wish you all health and many returns of the Season. I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
51 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
99. John Neilson to Marie Neilson
19th August 1816 Aboard the Montreal at sea 48d 22m of latitude North 38 9 of Greenwich latitude My dear wife,
We have arrived this far in good health, that is to say a little better than the master of the crossing.[90] If we have a favourable enough wind from now on, we will arrive in Greenock in ten or twelve days at most. We are at the mercy of the wind. We were told the day before yesterday of a brig going to Newfoundland that had left Greenock forty-five days ago. We saw some boats that day. We were all ill for four or five days, when in the Gulf.[91] Samuel has been back a good deal. I have only been back twice.[92] We are well now according to Dr Fisher.[93] Samuel hurt his hand after pulling the lines with mackerel, which we caught in the Gulf. That is all for now.
I write by an American ship that is at present behind us. I am sending this by the rowing boat, as it is calm. During the night it thundered a lot. If I find another opportunity I shall write immediately from Greenock. Give Isabel and the children a kiss from me. My compliments to all my friends and gentlemen in the office. Adieu, J. Neilson
100. John Neilson to Marie Neilson
3rd September 1816 Aboard the Montreal at Greenock 6 o’clock in the morning
My dear wife,
We arrived this morning in good health. A [man in a] rowing boat who came aboard told us that he will post today by an American ship for New York and I am taking advantage of this opportunity to write as there will be no more post for Quebec this year. Our passage has been very happy. The boats that left eight days before us have still not arrived. The last one to arrive was Captain Neil’s Neptune. We left Quebec on Thursday 2nd August. On Thursday 9th August we saw the land of St Pierre and Miguelon.[94] Thursday 30th in the morning, I discovered land, the first, in Ireland; and I won a bottle of rum, which is the usual reward for the person who sights land first. From the 30th we had a strong wind against us that delayed us and also made us a bit sick. On Saturday morning, while rolling in the sea, the ship lost its bowsprit. I having nothing but praise for the captain and this ship. We never could do better, not even with the best fat. Every day we dine on chicken and fresh meat. For dessert we have all kinds of wine and fruit. I think that the thing which has annoyed me is having received too much. I reckon on leaving for Glasgow tomorrow and from there going the thirty leagues to see my mother. I shall stay there for a week and after that I shall leave for London. In this way I shall write to Mr Cowan[95] and to my friends occasionally. Give Isabel and the children a kiss from me and my compliments to everyone.
Adieu, J. Neilson
52 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
101. John Neilson to Marie Neilson
Greenock 4th September 1816
My dear wife,
I wrote via New York announcing our arrival in good health. Here I found another boat which is due to leave – fingers crossed – for Quebec on Sunday and took the advantage. We are all well, spending lots of money and being treated like gentlemen. We have been received politely by those for whom we have letters of recommendation and they have given us more for Glasgow. We shall leave from here this afternoon and spend two or three days there, after which we shall go to my mother’s. I think we shall be there by Sunday. I wrote from London about the trunk in the United States. They have not yet cut the wheat or the oats here; the harvest should have been cut and finished by now; it is looking good. There is a lot of poverty here. It is a country of palaces and cottages. You see women walking in the street bare footed and sallow. It makes one sad. Compliments to everyone. Kiss the children and believe me
Your beloved husband, J. Neilson
102. John Neilson to Marie Neilson
Glasgow 7th September 1816
My dear wife,
As the ship is not due to leave Greenock until tomorrow, and as it will be the last one to depart from Great Britain that will go up the St Lawrence River this autumn, I shall write a few words again to say that we have left [i.e. arrived] safely. This is a pretty town. We have been to see the university I am considering for Samuel. I found out today what time we have left to travel before the end of the vacation, and we shall leave for Gatehouse of Fleet on Monday. Dr Fisher is still here, and it suits him. He has written to his friends. We have been well received everywhere. We dined well at Mr Wilson’s, with whom I corresponded from Quebec.[96] He is a very respectable man and one who will be of great service to us. His father was a professor at the university, as was his father.[97] He knows all the professors. At Mr Wilson’s home there was a Mr Allison from Montreal and his sister, one of Mr Wilson’s daughters and his niece, himself, Dr Fisher and us. We are dining today with Mr Blackwood[98] and Mr Greenshield[99] who find themselves here. Thus we travel and will be, I believe, among friends from London to Edinburgh. I hope to have news of Quebec in London. I think, however, that we will again be the last group from Quebec to have arrived. Goodbye. Kiss Isabel and the children for me.
J. Neilson
103. John Neilson to Marie Neilson
London 25th September 1816
My dear wife,
Samuel and I arrived here last Saturday, the 21st August. We left my mother’s on Wednesday the 18th by the stage. We did 130 leagues in 60 hours without stopping, apart from to eat. We were with my mother for 8 days. We found my mother, brother and my three sisters in good
53 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 health. We are perhaps the only family in the whole county in which no one has died since I left. I did not recognise anyone but my brother. I found a great number in the cemetery and almost all the others scattered. My parents are both well and were pleased to see me.[100] C. McKeand, my brother-in-law, is the provost of Gatehouse, a town of 2,000 inhabitants. William is one of the councillors. I think I will go to France for 5 or 6 days. After I have taken Samuel back to Glasgow towards the end of October, I shall spend more time at home. [There follows a section on his business affairs in London.] Give Isabel and the children a kiss from me. My compliments to all my friends. I remain your affectionate husband,
J. Neilson
104. William Chrystal to John Neilson
Glasgow 30th September 1816
Dear Sir,
I am just now favoured with your letter of the 26th Instant and have to inform you that we have still in reserve for you the place which you proposed for your son, Mr Samuel, which will be waiting his arrival on the terms stated in your letter. I will not fail to mention you to Mr Wilson’s people, whom I will have occasion to see tomorrow. Mrs Chrystal begs to unite with me in offering respectful compliments to you and best regards to Mr Samuel. I am
Dear Sir, Your obliged humble servant, William Chrystal[101]
105. John Neilson to Marie Neilson
Glasgow 4th November 1816
My dear wife,
I wrote to you from London on the 26th of last month after our return from France. We left London on the morning of the 27th and arrived here on the 31st in the evening having travelled two nights and slept two. We thought we were too late for the start of classes at the university but they are not starting until tomorrow. Samuel is at his lodgings in Rector Chrystal’s house this evening and will be at the College tomorrow for seven hours. I have paid for the classes in Greek and Logic: £8.3. I have calculated that he will have time to go to a third: Natural History. In addition, he will have handwriting and accounts, French grammar and nothing else this year, and I think that this is enough to prevent him suffering from boredom. I plan to leave here in three or four days and go to Gatehouse and rest at my mother’s. I will come back to see Samuel a few times before I leave for America, which I am thinking of doing on the 5th of February from Liverpool or Greenock. Today I have left £200 sterling made out to the order of Mr Chrystal and Samuel at John McNaught & Co.,[102] who are the associates of Mr Irvine, no. 26 Virginia Street, to pay for his education and his board until I can send the rest from Quebec. I drew the £200 from Mr Rioter and William Wynne of London [illegible – ink smudged] remit all the bills of exchange I brought with me from Quebec. I have kept the money I need for my expenses. I have deposited some cash for expenses with Mr Wynne in London to be remitted at my request. I would stay here, but I would be in Gatehouse less. I am very happy to hear that the harvest is good in Canada. Here it is very bad. From north Yorkshire to here one can still see districts where the fields of oats are completely green. Snow has
54 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 already fallen in the mountains. On the 20th of last month I was in Calais in France and there I saw hail mixed with snow. If provisions are otherwise at a reasonable price this winter in Quebec, it would be good to buy a lot of them as I believe that a lot will go out the country at the opening of the navigation. Before leaving I made my will, which I have left with Mr Planté[103] so that in the event of my death the children are not to compel an account while you remain a widow. You could perhaps make the same arrangement in my favour if I survive you? Give the children a kiss from me. [illegible – page damaged] friends etc.
J. Neilson
106. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Glasgow 13th November 1816
My dear Samuel,
I shall probably leave Glasgow on Friday morning and not see you again till some time before my embarking for America. I beg of you to look well to yourself and do nothing inconsiderately. I have sufficient confidence in you to suppose that you will do nothing wrong if you take time to view all the consequences before you act. You are now placed in a new situation among strangers, nobody really cares for you, all of whom would readily partake in your prosperity and separate themselves from you in adversity. Therefore take care of yourself. At the same time be just, polite and obliging to every one. You must not trust entirely, however, to your own mind. That would be presumptious. Your own judgement ought to be tested by the rules of Religion as laid down in the New Testament, with which I hope you will make yourself more and more accquainted. It is the general character and spirit of the Book that you ought particularly to consider, without entering into the disputes which have shamefully divided the different sects of Christians. Adhere you to the Church in which you were born, as long as in Doctrine and the conduct of its ministers it adheres to the general spirit of the Gospel, which is a spirit of charity, peace, union and well doing. Beware of young men; they get together to run headlong to destruction. It is particularly at your age that the road begins to be easy and short. Never join in any loose conversation concerning women. The moment you hear any such conversation among your accquaintances, if you cannot stop it, keep aloof and do not join in it. Avoid those who repeat such conversations, ever after. Never be in company with any but modest women, whose character can be vouched for by people you can trust. You must be aware that there are in all countries a number of bad women who make a trade of aluring unthinking men to their ruin. Almost all the young men in the course of my experience I have seen sink down to the lowest abyss of degradation and misery began in that way. Ce’st le premier pas qui conte;[104] and in every thing that is bad, the first step once taken, particularly in this case, there is perhaps not one in a thousand that can stop. [Inserted at the end of the paragraph: Avoid drinking. Recollect Planté and 1000 others.] You must take amusement no doubt sometimes with young people; but take advice solely from the old. Never do any thing that you would be ashamed that all the world should know it. From the moment that a man begins to do things that he is ashamed should be known, he begins to degrade himself. He is already a coward and he may be a liar, two of the vilest titles that can be bestowed on man. To what state of degradation must that mind be arrived which can quietly view itself, living under the influence of fear, the fear of man and ready to submit to a falsehood under that influence? It is needless to tell you to avoid quarrels. Never be the aggressor. If you have involuntarily given offence, be always ready to apologize. Be not over ready to take offence; never but from your equals; mild language will generally terminate all misunderstandings. Recollect that no man is justifiable in fighting otherwise than inself defence. You are come to Scotland for the purpose of acquiring knowledge; particularly such knowledge as may be useful to you in conducting my own business in Quebec. I have no doubt but you will be attentive to your studies. You see that in this country they far surpass us in a thousand things that
55 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 are advantageous to mankind. It is partly the effect of superior general knowledge. Independent of your studies in the university, think nothing wherein the people here excell those in Canada beneath your attention. Your time will be sufficiently taken up till the College vacation; from thence till Mr Chrystal’s vacation you will have a great deal of time. After further consultation, I shall trace out a plan of studies for that time, and the succeeding years. During Mr Chrystal’s vacation you will of course go to Galloway. Mr Taylor will give you money for necessary expenses on a joint order by Dr Chrystal and yourself. You will of course take care that nothing more is spent than what is necessary and required by decency. Be always clean in your person. Have good cloathes and take good care of them. [Inserted at the end of the paragraph: You must keep account of every farthing that you spend to be submitted to me occasionally.] Do not throw these observations by and never look at them again. Lock them up in your Desk, and read them occasionally. They come from the best friend you ever had, or ever will have. Try to do honour to your Family, to your Country, and finally be useful to both and to yourself.
Your Father, J. Neilson
See frequently and be very attentive to: Mr Wilson and family Miss Allison Mr Taylor General Shank,[105] if he invite you.
Make no new accquaintances without consulting Mr or Mrs Wilson. I mean to go to their house. Be particularly attentive and respectful to Mr and Mrs Chrystal and family. Buy yourself a good Pocket Bible and Testament with the Psalms [?as read here] and do not neglect your duty to God. Write me frequently, monthly at least while I am in Great Britain. Address at present to me Post Office Gatehouse. Write also to your mother, sister etc. and to Mr Wilkie,[106] and Mr Taylor will forward your letters. Compliments [to] William Greenshields. Tell him I shall be glad to hear from him or see him at Gatehouse. I would write to him but have not his address.
107. William Rayside to Samuel Neilson Jr
Greenock 14th November 1816
Mr Samuel Nilson,
Sir,
I beg leave to informing of my better health this few days back. You[r] father woul[d] tell you I have been very Ill this seven weeks back. I woul[d] have bean in glasgow before this time had the weather bean good but it hes bean so bad that I can hardly vinture for fear of geting a fresh could [i.e. cold]. I have been making all Inquery about your Snow Shoes and the Magizein Boots but can not l[e]arn what hese becum of them. If you will have the goodness to send me a line and mention what Steam Boat you went to glasgow in I shall indeavor to see that they wair [i.e. were] not left in hir after you went on shor[e] at glasgow as I think they wair carid [i.e. carried] down by Mr Stewart. Writ[e] me soon. M[e]antime, I am,
Dear Sam, Yours, William Rayside
P.S. When you write me adress your letter to me at Miss Boyls Lodgings Greenock[107] and that will find me. W R
56 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
108. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Edinburgh 18th November 1816 Monday Evening
Dear Samuel,
I expect to leave this place on Wednesday morning for Gatehouse. It is a pleasantly situated town. Not so fine as we were given to understand; it is far below either London or Paris. The University looks like a Brewery; not so well as the St Mark Brewery or the Beauport Distillery. They are, however, building a new one, very fine.[108] Holyrood House, the Palace of the Kings of Scotland, is not such a fine building as the Jesuit Barracks at Quebec. I have been dining today with a number of young Gentlemen from Switzerland, France, Italy and Germany, students of Physic, along with young Perrault of Quebec.[109] I have seen Mrs Stuart, late of Quebec. Mr Roi is in London. I believe from what I learn here that Dr Fisher is at Bath. I will go tomorrow to Leith. I send you [interlined: per mail coach to Black Bull][110] the Grammaire des Grammaires,[111] an excellent work, but rather too extensive for a beginner. I could find no other. It cost 1 Guinea. I hope it may be useful. Do not neglect your French. My best compliments to Dr Chrystal and family, Mr Wilson and family, Miss Allison etc. Tell her I delivered her letter to Mrs Moncrief. Take care of your self.
Dear Samuel, Your Father, J. Neilson
109. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 25th November 1816
Dear Father,
I received your letter of the 21st dated at Gatehouse. I am very happy to learn that you found all our friends in good health. The grammar which you sent me from Edinburgh is not such as Mr Hermand would have desired, though it may be of some use. The people were astonished when I told them that you did not like the new town of Edinburgh. I have not seen Mr Taylor since you left me but I will call upon him as soon as I can and ask him if he has had any late accounts from America. Mr Greenshields is in town though I have not seen him for he called at Dr Chrystal’s and left his name. I enquired at the Star Inn[112] to see if he was there but found that he was not there and as he has left no direction whatever but his name I do not know where to enquire for him. I like my situation very well, though Mrs Chrystal is not altogether such as I would wish, yet she is pretty good. I do not attend any other classes at the college than Greek, Logic and Natural History, and I attend Mr Stevenson’s writing school from 12 o’clock to 2 o’clock. Captain Rayside has been in Glasgow since you left it and made me a present of a fine pair of skaites. Mr and Mrs Wilson and Family, as also Mr and Mrs Chrystal, present their best respects to you. Make my best respects to Grandmother, uncle William, Mr and Mrs McKeand and the rest of my aunts. I am
Your most affectionate son, S. Neilson
57 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
110. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse of Fleet 7th December 1816 My dear Samuel,
I received your letter of the 25th. I am going [interlined: with William] for a few days among our relations in Balmaghie and as I observe that Captain Rayside has given you a pair of skaites, I think it necessary to caution you in the use of them in this Country where the ice is not to be trusted like in Canada. Never skaite on any ice where the water is beyond your depth. William assures me from his own experience that skaiting in any other place is always dangerous and accidents frequently occur. I have been in anxious expectation for some time past of receiving a letter from Quebec having noticed the arrival of several vessels from there, among others one with the Lord Bishop[113] on board and several officers from the Lakes. I have received no accounts from home since I was with you. I got a letter the other day from Dr Fisher, dated 33 Henrietta Street, Bath, November 27. He is well and desires to be remembered to you. He lives with Mr Blackwood. He passes the winter at Bath and speaks of going to the Continent in the spring. Give my best respects to Mr Wilson and family, Dr Chrystal and Mrs Chrystal, Mr Taylor and Miss Allison [interlined: and their friends, not forgetting Mr Greenshields should he be in Glasgow]. We are all well here and desire to be remembered to you. I feel rather loansome having nothing to do. I shall not probably set out for London before the end of January. Write to me frequently and let me know how you get on. Do nothing without reflection and be of good courage to further your own welfare and that of your Mother, Brother and Sisters whom I hope you will always tenderly love.
Your affectionate father, J. Neilson
111. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 10th December 1816 Dear Father,
I received your letter of the 7th and very happy to know that you are all well. I am going to profess Greek tomorrow or the next day. It is rather extraordinary that you have not heard from Canada; there are three or four vessels arrived at Greenock from Quebec viz. the Mary, Captain Moore, the Rebecca, Harvey, and the Fame, Abrahams. Mr Greenshields is now in town and is going to spend the rest of the season here. He was in town three or four days after you left it. He did not put up at any inn but with one Mr Haddak.[114] He has since got a room in John Street No. 123. He attends the private classes of chemistry and Natural Philosophy. I have not seen Mr or Mrs Wilson for some for a [sic] time. I took tea last Saturday with Miss Allison and Tuesday with professor Muirhead. The time seems to me to pass quick away as I am very much employed but my profession will relieve me. There are no late accounts from Canada. Old Mr James Todd is dead and Mr Potter from Terrebonne, who left Montreal on the first of November, is in town having come home for the purpose of bringing out with him a steam engine to raise the water of the St Lawrence to the citadel of Montreal and from there to convey it in pipes through the town. I spent part of the evening last night with Mr Greenshields, who makes his best respects to you and desires me to tell you to come to Glasgow to see all the manufactories. There is talk of riots in town. They were obliged to send for a party of the Iniskillings from Milton to disperse the crowd as they were collecting very fast near the provost’s house.[115] Mr and Mrs Wilson and family make their best respects to you and also Miss Allison and Mr Allison. Remember me to Grandmother, Uncle William, Mr and Mrs McKeand and the rest of my aunts.
I am your most Affectionate son, S. Neilson
58 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
112. John Neilson to Marie Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 29th December 1816
My dear wife,
I arrived here in good health on the 21st of last month in the morning. I have remained with my mother, taking little trips from time to time in the surrounding area to see my [illegible – ink faded]. I received a letter from Samuel last week. He is well and not experiencing any boredom. He was in his lodgings on the 5th November at Dr Chrystal’s, no. 7 Richmond Street, Glasgow. As mentioned, I paid him £100 for his expenses and his classes and his laundry, clothes etc. [Illegible – ink faded] has written to him. You can address his letters with his name and they will reach him. I stayed with him from the 5th to the 16th November, and I left Glasgow in the morning and arrived in Edinburgh on the same day. During my stay in that city, I was many times at Mrs Moira Stewart’s, wife of Mr Stewart of the [illegible – ink faded]. I also saw James Perrault, son of Geoffrey. Mr Ker, who was staying with his sister in Leith, has gone to London. [There follows a section on his business affairs in Quebec.] I am not always happy here. The [illegible – ink faded] letters from Quebec make me sad; it would be useless to write after I have received them. My brother-in-law Charles McKeand, my sister Janet his wife, my mother, William and I are staying in the same house and we eat together. Mr McKeand is a merchant and provost of the town. He does not have children and feels at ease. We are all going together [illegible – page damaged] in the town (which is grand, a bit like Trois Rivieres) and the surrounding area, but this does [illegible – page damaged] much. The weather has been awful almost every day since I landed. It is freezing, snowing, raining and windy throughout the whole district but there is no more wind and rain than usual. Twice the snow has stayed for two or three days. The ground was covered since the 6th November. There is a lot of misery and a lot of discontent among the people. Doctor Fisher has gone to Bath. He wrote to me recently. I wish a better new year for Quebec, as you wish it for here. My mother, brothers, sisters all send their wishes to the family. [Illegible] to Mr Cowan, to the gentlemen in the office and to my friends. I have written to Mr Rioter and Mr Stuart. My love to Isabel and the children. I [illegible],
J. Neilson
113. Robert Palmer to John Neilson
Southwick 31st December 1816
My Dear Uncle,[116]
I am still unaltered in my desire of going to Quebec, and the more I think of it the more my desire of leaving this country increases. When I fancy myself there, or think of the danger I may have to encounter before I get there, I ask then, had I not better remain contented here? The answer ‘yes’ seems ready on my tongue, but when I consider my situation here ‘away, away’ drowns all further reflections. However, I have seriously, as far as my knowledge extends, examined every method which I conceive would be most likely to advance the support of myself, or assist my friends, in each of which, Fortune seeing to have a greater power of disappointing me, than of drowning me in the Atlantic, or of leaving me destitute in a foreign country. You desired me to consider of it, I have done so, and the result is, that I am not unwilling, but wishing to go. But my dear Uncle, what proposals I should make to you I know not. All I can say is that if two years would compensate for my passage, and keeping there during that time, I would with the greatest satisfaction set out as soon as you please and serve you for that time at whatever employment you should think me most worthy of, or best calculated to further my future welfare.
59 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Or, if you would rather have my bond to pay you as much per annum, or so, until all expences incurred on my account should be made up, I would have no objections to that or any other plan of agreement, which your better skill in these matters may think most equitable. You will then be so good as write me on receipt of this and candidly give me your opinion of the matter for, though buoyed up with hope, flushed with the thirst of independence, and fond of novelty, I would not be dead to the advice of a Friend who would friendly give it; and I well know that I had better suffer a disappointment here (for such it will be) than privations and hardships in a foreign country. I am well aware, alas, that moderate circumstances, much less independence, are to be obtained but by indefatigable labour and diligence, but expecting nothing else one not only willingly submits, but takes pleasure in them, knowing that by unwearied application and perseverance the greatest difficulties can be surmounted. I will only add (though self-praise does not recommend) that if you set me any task, or show me the duty of any employment, I have neither fear nor hesitation in saying I will satisfy you in the performance etc. Now, if you are willing to take me with you, you must write me immediately, as I must find a substitute to serve out my time till Whitsunday, get my affairs arranged and every thing put in readiness against the time of your departure. I have not mentioned such a thing here, but they rather seem to doubt something is going on, yet none of them encourages me to stay by paying up their accounts; mention that – ‘call again to-morrow’. I will now wait with impatience for your answer, an answer which confirms my wishes and will cause subscribe myself with pleasure Votre Serviteur, or remain your disappointed though wellwishing Nephew, Robert Palmer
114. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 1st January 1817
Dear Father,
As this is the time for wishing you a happy new year I wish it to you, as also to all those who are acquainted with me, especially to my grandmother, uncles William and Charles McKeand and Mrs McKeand. I professed Greek on the 17th ultimo and got over it pretty well. Mr and Mrs Wilson and family are all in good health except Jane, who has been sick for some time, but is now better. General Shanks present his respects to you as also Mr and Miss Allison and Mrs Greenshields. Mr Greenshields is not in town at present having gone out to spend a few days with his relations at Lesmehago [i.e. Lesmahagow]. I find myself very comfortable at Mr Chrystal’s. If you will send up the three volumes of Hutton’s Mathematics[117] by the carrier and tell him to call at Mr Chrystal, I will send you the snow shoes down as I cannot find where the carrier resides in Glasgow. I have not written to mama or Isabel as there is no conveyance at present but will write them the first opportunity. If you have received any letters from home I beg you will send them up as soon as you can. I remain
Your much affectionate son, S. Neilson
115. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse of Fleet 5th January 1817 My dear Samuel,
I have now the satisfaction to forward you a letter from your mother and one from your brother William, both of which I received this morning, together with one from Isabel, one from
60 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Mr Cowan and one from Henry Campbell. You will observe that they are all well. Mr Cowan says that the bussiness of the House goes on as well as can be be [sic] expected. The whole of the crop of grain has failed on both sides of the River below Quebec. There is great distress, he says, in some parishes, and the Government is endeavouring to forward supplies to prevent absolute starvation. It was occasioned by early frosts. The consequence has been that provisions are still dear in Quebec. Our Valcartier people have, Mr Cowan says, upwards of 100 acres failed, and they have sent a memorandum for seeds. You will see by your mother’s letter that she is displeased at your not writing from Greenock. You may write per mail and put your letter in the Post office Glasgow five days at least before the first Wednesday of every month during the winter and fall. In the summer you may write by the Greenock ships, Mr Taylor will forward your letters to that place, and also upon any extraordinary occasion, either by way of London or Liverpool. I have written to your mother to direct her letters to you at Dr Chrystal’s, Glasgow. Write to Mr Wilkie giving him an account of your progress in the college and thanking him for the care he took of your education and his letters in your favour to the professors. The anxiety he has always show[n] for your wellfare deserves your gratitude and this small expression of it. Write to me frequently communicating fully all that concerns you, and giving the news from Glasgow. Be extremely careful to do well, and please every person of good character. Shun evil and bad company, and improve yourself as much as possible. Send compliments to all friends in Glasgow. Your Family here desire to be remembered to you.
Yours, J. Neilson
116. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 24th January 1817
Dear Father,[118]
I was very [interlined: happy] to see some letters from Canada and still more so to know that they were all well and that the business of the house was going on as well as it could be expected. I have written to mama and Isabel but I have not put the letters in the post yet. Mr Greenshields is at present at Lesmehago [i.e. Lesmahagow]. Captain Rayside is now in Glasgow and came to Mr Chrystal’s today. There are no news in Glasgow. The poor are all quite [i.e. quiet], there having [been] subscribed about 12,000 pounds, 100 of which are distributed daily. There are, however, a few who reside in the neighbourhood who steal potatoes and other vegetables and say since they will be helped they will help themselves. Mr Wilson and family are all well except Andrew, who is now in bed with a sore throat, and present their compliments to you as also Mr Allison and Miss Allison, [and] Mr Greenshields. Captain Rayside desires to be remembered to you and also to tell you that [there] are no vessels to sail on or about the beginnings of March of which he knows. I have always been in good health since my last letter and hope that you have been also. My compliments to grandmother, Uncles William and Charles McKeand and all my aunts. I am
Your affectionate and dutiful son, S. Neilson
117. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr Gatehouse of Fleet 24th January 1817
My dear Samuel,
I send this letter by the Glasgow carrier (William Clennachan, who puts up at Alex Miller’s, no. 40 King Street)[119] together with your Trunks containing the article as I sent [word illegible – ink faded]. I will get them when I return from London for where I shall set out in about a
61 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 fortnight. I wish you to make me up the books marked X. I recommend particularly the Duty of Man and the Religious books.[120] [interlined: Have you bought a bible as I told you?] You need not send the snow shoes. You probably will not [word illegible – ink faded] the Boots; they ought at least to be properly oiled first. I am rather mortified at not having heard from you since the 1 January though you must have received two letters from me since that date. You must know that it is a breach of good manners not to answer a letter, even to an entire stranger; and of this you must make a note never to be guilty. With respect to me and the rest of your Family, the omission is still a greater offence. I particularly desired you in my last letter to give me an account of your progress in all your studies, College, French, Accounts etc. Send me also an abstract of your memorandum of money spent, and also state any orders you may have signed on Mr Taylor. I have received no accounts from Quebec since I sent your mother’s letters. Do not forget to write her on the Friday before the first Wednesday of next month and put it into the post office on that day at the latest. You must pay the postages otherwise it will not be forwarded. I expect to be back in Glasgow about the 20th March or earlier if there is a prospect of [a] vessel sailing from Greenock for Quebec before that time. I see the Abersand, Sales and Cumberland are already advertised for Canada at Liverpool. I shall go by Liverpool on my journey to London. Your Grandmother, Uncles, Aunts and other relations here are all well and send their kind compliments to you. My best respects to Mr Greenshields; he has forgot to write me, as you have forgot your messages. Also remember me to Mr Wilson and Family, Dr Chrystal and Family, Mr Taylor, Mr and Miss Allison and all enquiring friends. Dear Samuel, Your affectionate father, J. Neilson
118. Samuel Neilson Jr to Marie Neilson
Glasgow 31st January 1817
My dear mother,
At present I am attending College in Glasgow while staying with Mr Chrystal, who is the rector of the Grammar School. I am enjoying my situation and I hope to return to Canada in 2½ years’ time. I am taking Logic this year; next I will take Moral Philosophy; and in the third, and last, year I shall take Natural Philosophy. This session will finish in May, and I shall go to Gatehouse and perhaps to London. Afterwards I shall embark for Canada. Papa is currently in London and will come back in May, when he will embark for Canada, probably on the Montreal, the same boat in which he came, destined for Quebec; and accordingly you can expect him before the end of May, in the first boats of Spring. You will have heard about our visit to France. I have seen many countries since I left you. I am still in good health too. I saw one of your letters, dated 16th November, which papa sent me from London along with one from William. I have written to William, Margaret and Isabel, and I hope this letter finds them all in good health.
Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
119. Samuel Neilson Jr to Isabel Neilson Jr
Glasgow 31st January 1817
Dear Sister,
I am now boarding with Dr Chrystal, who is rector of the Grammar school in Glasgow, and attend these different classes viz. Logic of which Mr Jardine is Professor, Greek of which Mr
62 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Young is Professor and Natural History of which Mr Muirhead is Professor. My situation is as pleasant as I could possibly wish it to be. The time of the session is from the 1st November to the 1st of May but I will attend some classes in the summer and will spend the months of June and July with my relations at Gatehouse, which is a very pleasant place though small, containing about 2,000 inhabitants. You have (I suppose) heard of our tour in France and the Netherlands. We crossed from Dover to Calais and from thence, passing through the following towns viz. Boulogne, Montreialle, Abbeville and St Dennis, we arrived at Paris, a distance of about 180 miles. After remaining a few days in Paris we set out for Brussels, 9 miles distance of which was fought the glorious battle of Waterloo. On our way towards Brussels we passed through the head quarters of our army, which is at Cambrai and Valennciennes, where we saw several officers who had been in Canada. On our arrival in Brussels we immediately asked for the manner of conveyance to the field of Waterloo and having learnt it we determined to set out the next morning to see it. On our arrival at the village of Waterloo we by good luck met with the man who was Bounaparte’s guide, viz. La Coste,[121] who gave as correct a description of Bounaparte’s conduct as he could. We then, passing through Antwerp, Ghent and Lille, arrived a second time in Calais and again sailed for Dover, where we arrived that day and the same evening arrived in London. Having remained a few days in London we set out for Glasgow. Papa is now at Gatehouse and will go to London in a few days, where he will remain till the middle of March and return to Gatehouse from whence he will go to Greenock and sail for Quebec. You may then not expect him out till the month of May in the spring ships. He [has] always been well, as well as all his relations, namely Mother, Brother William, aunts Janet, Agnes and Margaret. I am not weary in the least and the time seems to pass quick away. In your next letter inform me how the settlers at Valcartier are going on. There are no news in Glasgow but that the people are very badly off and are continually rioting and threatening to break open houses and serve themselves. There has [been] several shipwrecks from Quebec particularly that of the Harpooner, where some of my old schoolfellows were lost.[122] I am in good health and have not been ill disposed since I left you. Hoping that you are in good health. I am
Your affectionate brother, S. Neilson
120. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 1st February 1817
Dear Father,
I received on the 30th of January the trunk with all the effects which are annexed in the list at the end of your letter. I am very sorry that I did not answer your letters of the 5th and 1st of January but I thought that it [interlined: would] be an unnecessary expence but I shall hereafter not forget to write an answer to all letters. You ask me what progress I have made in the college. We are now at de materia syllogismi in the logic and reading Lucian in the public and Aedippus tyrannus in the private Greek,[123] and at the description of the Lion in Zoology; with respect to the French I read a part of Bossuet’s Discours Universelle[124] every night and repeat some part of the Grammar. I have not drawn any money on Mr Taylor but I have spent £3.3.1 of the £5 which you left with me on your departure. I do not mention the different things as it [would] take up a great part of the letter but you may see them when you come or if you think it necessary I will mention them in the follow my next letter. I wrote to mama, Isabel, William and Margaret and included the letters to William and Margaret in that [of] Isabel so that I paid for a double letter only. I took tea last night at Mr Greenshields; he is very well and bids me remember him to you. Mr and Mrs Wilson and family are all well and desire to be remembered to you as also Mr and Miss Taylor and General Shanks. Make my best respects to Grandmama, uncles and aunts. I am
Your affectionate, Samuel Neilson
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121. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse of Fleet 16th February 1817
My dear Samuel,
I have delayed writing to you that I might be able to inform you of the time of my departure for London. I set out in the mail coach tomorrow evening, and go by the way of Liverpool. I shall write to your mother from that place via New York. I have not received any letters from Canada since those I forwarded to you in Glasgow. I wrote to Messrs Wynne not to forward any that might come to them for me after the 5th instant, and should there be any there, on my arrival, I will write you. It will not be necessary, unless something extraordinary should occur, to write to me in London before you hear from me in that City. You will address your letters to the care of Messrs Peter and William Wynne 45 pater noster row. I was well pleased with your letter of the 1st instant. I observed, however, that you did not put it into the post office till the 3rd, two days after its date. I beg you to take care of your writing. I wish you to write a strong legible hand, which will always come soon enough; no dashes or ornaments, but a clear plain round hand; erasures ought also to be avoided. It was by inattention to these rules that I early spoiled my hand for business. The end of writing is to be understood; this is effected by clearness in the expression & plainess in the characters used, uniting the two, with as much despatch as they are susceptible of, is perfection. I hope you are also paying attention to your Bookeeping, which may be very useful to you hereafter. Indeed, that you will lose no opportunity of informing yourself in every thing that may increase your utility to yourself and family, make you a valuable and ornamental member of society, and secure your happiness in this life and that which is to come. You know to distinguish good from evil; you have fixed rules to go by, which ought frequently to be referred to; and you have your reason and some experience to enable you to perceive the connexions between cause and effect. The first victory which you have to gain is over yourself, by checking every present temptation to any act contrary to the rules I have just mentioned, or having a dangerous and pernicious tendency. If you should see Captain Rayside, ask him at what time he positively expects to sail and let me know the next time you write, as I will endeavour so to arrange my bussiness as to be about a week with you in Glasgow before my departure. His owner, Mr Creech I think his name is, should you not see the Captain, will probably be able to state the precise time equally well. There [illegible – page damaged] a Lady and family that wishes to go in the vessel along with me. I have been to see all my relations in this neighbourhood preparatory to my setting out. They are all well and wish to be remembered to you as do particularly your Grand mother, William, Charles McKeand and your sister [i.e. aunt]. My best respects to all our friends in Glasgow.
Dear Samuel, Your affectionate father, J. Neilson
122. John Neilson to Robert Palmer (draft)
Gatehouse of Fleet 16th February 1817
My dear Nephew,
I have delayed answering your letter [no. 113] till the moment of my departure for London with a view to being better enabled to give you a decisive answer to the subject of your proposal of going out to Canada with me. Upon all the information which I have been able to obtain I do not think it would be a prudent step. As you are now too old to think of learning the printing bussiness, I could not myself give you any employment sufficiently profitable to
64 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 cover the expenses of the voyage and afford you at the same a decent maintenance. If either in my own House, or in land a any such employment should offer, I will notify you of it in time for the Season, should you not yet have previously found a and you may avail yourself of it should you more advantageous situation or altered your determination have offered. I remain with best wishes,
Dear Nephew Your affectionate Uncle, J. Neilson
123. William Rayside to Samuel Neilson Jr
Greenock 21st February 1817
Dear Sam,
I received your letter of 19th Instant in which I am glad to observe you have had a letter from your father and wishing to know when I shall sail for Canada. If your father is in Glasgow from the 25th March till 5th of Aprile will about ansor as I think we shall sail from the 5th Aprile to the 10th if all is well with me. When you write your father let him know that I have sent the two letters under a new cover to New York that was on board the ship Jean, Captain Rogers, one adressed to Mrs Nilson and one to Mr William Cowan; and the News Papers and two Books I have them with me hear. I shall give them to Mr Nilson when I see him hear as I was doubt full they would have been a grate Expence gowinn [i.e. going] over land to Canada. When you write to your father give him my Compliments. M[e]antime I am
Dear Sam, Yours Truly, William Rayside
N.B. I expect to be in Glasgow in about five days when I hope I shall have the pleasure of seeing you for the last time this seven munths. I am W R
124. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
London 26th February 1817
My dear Samuel,
I promised to write you from this place [interlined: where I arrived the 23rd]. I am afraid that you will begin to be uneasy at not hearing from me. I was detained at Gatehouse till the 18th instant, the coach very full. I slept the 2nd night at Kendal and the 3rd at Liverpool, a very fine city more resembling London than any other I have seen, though their streets are generally narrow, irregular and not very clean. The shipping appears nearly as great as London. Mr Shaw of the north west company[125] arrived at the Saracen’s head, the house where I lodged, the same evening as I did, and we were astonished to meet one another the next morning at breakfast. He left Quebec in snow and travelled to New York with Andrew Stuart. He has accounts from Montreal to the 9th January when there was nothing extraordinary saving the openness of the season. They were still using wheeled carriages at Montreal. I wrote to your mother etc. by him. He was to sail for New York in the Nestor, Captain Sterling, and expected to be in Quebec early in April. I am now the more glad of having met with him, as there were no letters here for me from Quebec, nor has Mr Wynne received any since the date of ours the 17th November. I think we have reason to complain of their not writing to us oftener. I hope that you will not behave in the same way to us in Quebec. I say us for the time of my embarkation at least is approaching fast. I have written to Captain Rayside to know for certain if he is going out, and the time of his sailing. I wish to sail from Greenock to have the pleasure of seeing you before
65 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
I embark and will endeavour to be at Glasgow 8 days before the time fixed for the sailing of the vessel. My compliments to Dr and Mrs Chrystal and Family, Mr and Mrs Wilson and family, Mr and Miss Allison, Mr Taylor, and Mr Greenshields, and all our Friends.
Dear Samuel, Your affectionate father, J. Neilson
125. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson Glasgow 1st March 1817
Dear Father,
I received your letter of the 26th ultimo by which I learn that you had arrived in London on the 23rd having gone by way of Liverpool. I wrote to Captain Rayside as soon as I received your last letter, requesting him to tell me the time when he would sail, to which he answered, between the 1st & 10th of April. I have not heard of any thing extraordinary in Canada. I dined with General Shanks about two weeks ago, when I met with several half-pay officers of the Canadian Infantry, who had just arrived from Canada. I saw Mr Shaw in Glasgow about the middle of January at Mr Allison’s from Montreal: whether he be the same person as you met with or not I do not know. There have [interlined: been] several riots in Glasgow, particularly one that took rise from the troops taking off several persons who (it was supposed) had been engaged in some plot to overthrow the government, where the soldiery were obliged to have recourse to fire arms.[126] There was, however, no person killed, though several were wounded. Mr Greenshields is now at his relations since some time back. Mr Robert Grant, Mr Weir’s partner, has been in Glasgow but is now gone to London from which place he intends to sail for Quebec. Mrs and Mr Wilson and family are all well and desired me to make their compliments to you as also Mr and Miss Allison and Mr Greenshields. I am in very good health and always been so since I came to Glasgow, and am very well pleased with the family with whom I board. Make by [i.e. my] best respects to Mrs and Mr Peter Wynne and Mr William, John and George Wynne. I remain
Your most affectionate son, S. Neilson
126. William Rayside to John Neilson
Greenock 2nd March 1817
My Dear Sir,
Yours of the 26th I duly received and observed the contents. I am truly surprisid at Mr Shaws condoct in what he stated to you with regard to me not gowing to Quebec in the Montreal. I shall saile about the 5th April for Quebec and Montreal with the Montreal; as Mr Shaw is Intristed [i.e. interested] in the Cherub he perhaps wishes all the passingers he can to hir but I am not obliged to him in the least for his asertions for I am shure he had no good grounds for so saing. With regard to the passage monney I expect that it will be the same as before but if you can get a passage for less monney in any other regular trader I shall cam [i.e. come] to the same terms. I am just gowing of for Glasgow whair I shall see your son. I rot [i.e. wrote] him sumetime ago that if you wair [i.e. were] hear or in Glasgow from 25th March till the [blank] of Aprile it would be time for us sailing. I have no Lady passingers yet but if this Lady you mention and hir childring go I shall keep the best berth in the ship for hir as she is the first aplicant. I shall also rit [i.e. write] hir and hir family passage mony by any other ship master in the trade that hase been in the habit of carieng [i.e. carrying] familis.
66 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Me[a]ntime I am, My Dear Sir, Your most obedient servant, William Rayside
N.B. I should have ansord your letter sooner but being from home on recept of it I have bean longer than I ought to. W.R.
127. Samuel Neilson Jr to William Neilson
Glasgow 7th March 1817 Dear Uncle,
Last night I received the box from Gatehouse by the Glasgow carrier with all the articles you mentioned in the letter without having been damaged in the least. I have followed your directions in the management of the earth and flowers from Dornald and hope they will fare well. I received a letter from papa (dated London the 26th February) mentioning his safe arrival in that place on the evening of the 25th. He did not find any letters from Canada of any particular consequence but that the people are riotous you (I suppose) have heard of before, in a riot that took its rise from the troops arresting some persons who were supposed to be traitors, the mob insisting upon the men being delivered up tho’ soldiers fired, but by good chance hurt nobody but one little boy of about 12 or 13 years old. He was not very severely wounded and was expected to recover very soon. I am very happy to hear that you are well and I hope that we will see ourselves together in the course of three months. I will probably go to Gatehouse in the beginning of June and remain there a few weeks with you. You will excuse my bad writing as I have no time to spend on it. Make my best respects to Grandmother, aunts and uncle and all other relations. I am
Your affectionate nephew, S. Neilson
128. Nathaniel Neilson to John Neilson
Springfield 26th March 1817
Dear Brother,
I received your note yesterday at Castle douglas and was sorry you could not spare time to give us a call. Mrs Neilson and me cannot permit you to leave the Gatehouse without wishing you a safe and prosperous passage to Canada and a happy meeting with your Wife and Family; and that you may all ever enjoy Health, Prosperity and Happiness is the most sincere wish of your Affectionate Brother,
Nathaniel Neilson
P.S. Please offer our best compliments to all Friends at Gatehouse and your Son at Glasgow and oblige N. N.
129. Samuel Neilson Jr to Marie Neilson
Glasgow 7th April 1817 Dear Mother,
When I think that it is already months since I left Canada, I cannot stop myself from reflecting upon the speed of time. It seems to me as if it were only two or three days. I am at present all
67 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 alone and I hope I am conducting myself as you would wish. If I ever do something bad, do not hesitate to say – I shall take it well. You have not written to me as often as I have wished but I hope that you will write me as often as possible. I hope you are well etc. Everything is going well at College, which will finish in May. I shall be occupied from then until the beginning of November, which will teach me the different things I told you about in my first letter. The subjects I studied this winter were Greek, Logic and Natural History. I spent some time in the summer in Gatehouse at my uncle’s. My regards to all my friends, especially Mr and Mrs Bouthellier, Mrs Bedard etc. etc. and all the members of the group. I would like to be in Quebec but my circumstances do not allow it. I am not envious at all, but I think sometimes that I would like to go hunting. My regards to Isabel, William, Margaret, Agnes and Frances. Tell William I am waiting for him in Europe before I return and if he understands he will certainly come. I hope you are in good health and wish sincerely that you will always be prosperous; and I am
Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
130. Samuel Neilson Jr to Isabel Neilson Jr
Glasgow 7th April 1817
Dear Sister,
I am very sorry to say that you have almost neglected writing me but I think you certainly might have written oftener because I have seen but three letters from Quebec from you since last August, a space of 8 months. This letter goes by papa, who sails in the same vessel that we came in, the Montreal. All our friends are well. Papa left Galloway about ten days ago. I am now on the eve of being left all alone and I hope that you will not neglect writing as I will be very anxious to hear from you. You can write by any ship bound to Greenock by addressing the letter to me in Glasgow. The college gives up in about three weeks and I shall employ myself till the 1st of November next with different subjects except 6 weeks wherein I shall repair to Galloway with my uncle. I wish that you have been all well and hope that no misfortune has fallen upon you. My situation in Glasgow is very agreeable. I have several friends to whom I was introduced on my arrival who have [interlined: paid] great attention [interlined: to me], particularly Mr and Mrs Wilson and old General Shanks. If you should want any thing whatever at some future period in Glasgow I will endeavour to obtain it and send to you by some of the ships. My desire to return to Canada is very great and I long to see you and the rest of the family but the necessity [interlined: I am under] of acquiring a perfect knowledge of the things which can alone bring me forward in my future period [interlined: of life] oblige me to dispense with a great many things [illegible – ink smudged] in their nature. For further particulars of my situation I refer you to papa. Do not forget to write me as often as you possibly can, and that you may follow an uninterrupted course of prosperity and happiness so as to make yourself happy in this world and the world to come is the sincere wish and constant prayer of your
Affectionate Brother, S. Neilson
P.S. Compliments to all my old acquaintances both in town and country.
68 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
131. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Greenock 8th April 1817 Tuesday Evening 8 of clock
My dear Samuel,
Captain Rayside is to call for me to go on board at 9 of clock in expectation of sailing tomorrow morning. So fare you well my dear son till I have an opportunity of writing from Quebec. Reflect on all that you are about to do, and be sure that it is right before you do it. Lose no time in improving yourself in your studies and every thing useful, and I hardly think you will do wrong. Do not forget to write us as I told you and send the newspapers. Be active and sharp and spare no trouble. Look at the other I gave you before. Why have not you sent the letter for your mother? Are you really lazy; a vile vice which in the end destroys all virtue. Be faithful to all engagements [interlined: and promises] and extremely attentive to those who shew you any mark of attention. I have written to Dr Chrystal and you will send me a copy of the letter as I had not time to copy it. Compliments to Mr Wilson and family, Mr and Miss Allison, General and Mrs Shank. Do not forget our good friend Mr Greenshields; and believe me always
Dear Sam, Your best friend, J. Neilson
Have you ever written to Mr Wilkie?
After the vacation you may go to Dull if you can arrange it so.[127]
[Written on the outside fold: Since writing I have received your letter for Mrs Neilson and the newspapers. 11 o’clock P.M. Captain Rayside has not yet called.]
132. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 14th April 1817
Dear Father,
I received your letters, one of them from the town of Greenock, and the other off Gourack [i.e. Gourock] point, on your way down the river. I have sent you a copy of the letter from Greenock, to Mr Chrystal, in one of the former packages of papers. Papers from Canada still continue [interlined: to come to me]; how long they are to continue I know [not] but I will endeavour to send them out as soon as they come here. It is likely that these papers will go out by the Mary, Captain Moore, as she is the first vessel that sails.[128] I have not written to Uncle William or any of your sisters since you left the country but I will write them soon. Mr and Mrs Wilson and family desire to be remembered to you, also Mr and Mrs Chrystal. I hope that you may have had a good passage, and that you will find mama, brother and sisters all in good health. Mr Allison’s brother died in Montreal on the 12th February, which are the last letters I have heard of from Canada. Mr Christie is still in town; I saw him to day. Mr Greenshields has gone out to the country since you left town. My compliments to mama, Isabel, William, Margaret, Agnes and Frances, and Henry Campbell. There are no news in Glasgow of any import. I remain
Your most affectionate son, S. Neilson
69 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
133. Charles McKeand to John Neilson
Gatehouse 17th April 1817
Dear Sir,
I take the opportunity of writing you a few lines by Mrs Scott who leaves this place tomorrow for Greenock to take hir passage for Quebec upon Monday next. She is a very pleasent woman and your Mother requests that you will pay some attention to hir on arivel at your place. We are all in good health as you left us and shall pay all attention to Mr Samuel and will be exreemly happy to see him in Gatehouse. Mr Gordon has been as far as the Isle of Man and leicks [i.e. likes] the sea voyage well and is now proposing to go out to Cannada but I am afraid he will never make it out. William and John Brown is goen to the Mures of Carsfairn and will be there for some time. I have no news to inform you off, only our Markets is falling; Meal is down sixpence per stone. We will expect to heare from you on your arivel at home. Your Mother and Jannet joines in Kind Compliments to you, Mrs Neilson and Family. I am
Dear Sir, Yours Truly, Charles McKeand
134. Isabel Neilson Jr to Samuel Neilson Jr
Quebec 23rd April 1817
Dear Brother,
Mamma received two letters from papa lately which made us great pleasure, for there was a great while we did not receive any. There was one from London, date 28 September, and one from Gatehouse, date the 29 December, in which he says that he has received a letter from you, and that you were then in good health, and not loansome. I am very glad to hear it. I hope you are still the same. We are all in pretty good health. I am still subject to the head-ache. Dear Sam, do your possible to please papa. If you can go out when you please, don’t go out to[o] much, it cannot do you any good, but I have no doubt papa has recommended you that already. Do everything to please your Uncle and Grand-mamma as much as you think could not displease papa, study hard, and do every[thing] to acquire as much knowledge as you can. I am oblige to finish, the mail is gone i.e.[ going] to be shut. Write me and tell me how you find my writing. Excuse all I have been saying to you, it is my affection for you makes me say it. I am
Your affectionate Sister, Isabel Neilson
135. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse 25th April 1817
Dear Samuel,
I received yours of Thursday evening Monday morning last. I had a letter from your Father on the 8th Instant. I trust he will have good and quick passage as the wind has continued mostly in the East since he sailed. I am happy to be informed that you have kept your health since your arrival in Glasgow and doubt not but it will continue if you observe to use plain holsome food with temperance and exercise in the open air when convenient. You say ‘the College will give up in two weeks’ when you will attend to other branches: Drawing, Architecture and Bookkeeping. Perhaps a little of Surveying might be useful that you could take Angles with the Theodolite, and
70 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 the way to keep a field book and use of protractor for plan[n]ing. Let me know by what conveyance you intend to come here. If you would march on foot, I would meet you at any place you might point out, and the time I ought to start from Gatehouse, perhaps about the same time that you would do from Glasgow, and meet at Dalmellington, new or old Cumnock or elsewhere, and from any of these places it would be a fine excursion for us to this place. You will give me the whole plan of march in your next that I may be ready. You can send any box or things with Thomas Wallet the Glasgow carrier, who comes here every fortnight. You can call and see him and get a little acquaint that he may be the more attentive. Grandmother, aunts and C. McKeand have their compliments to you and will be happy to see you. I am
Dear Samuel, Your Affectionate Uncle, Will. Neilson
N.B. Mr McCulloch of Ardwall is no relation but has at all times been friendly. W. N.
I was at loch Whinnie yesterday and catched a few trouts but the weather is too cold yet. W. N.
136. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 5th May 1817
Dear Father,
I hope that this letter will find you in a good home, and landed once more upon Canadian land. May you find all your friends in good health and all your business going on in a manner which may render it prosperous. There are no news in Glasgow. The college gave up on the first of May, except the Greek, which will continue till the 15th or 20th. I have not attended any of the classes for summer, but will commence to attend them all on Monday. I have not drawn any money from Mr Taylor yet, but I will be obliged to draw some very soon, as the half year is now finished. All our friends in Glasgow are well. I wrote [interlined: Uncle] William on Monday fortnight last, and received an answer from him on Thursday. Your mother, sisters and brother and Mr McKeand are all well, and wish that you may have a good passage. I sent you out all the papers from London per Mary, which was the first vessel that sailed; also some Glasgow papers. Mr Wilson and Mrs and Miss Jane are about to start for London. Mr and Mrs Wilson will return after a month’s stay, but Jane will remain. They still continue to pay me the attention which they did formerly. Mr and Mrs Chrystal make their compliments to you, and wish you may have a happy voyage. I am very well, and have always been in good health since you left. I will write mama and Isabel by the 15th of May, as there are vessels to sail about then. Compliments to mama, Isabel, William and Margaret, Frances and Agnes; and that you may enjoy all the comforts of an earthly life is the sincere wish and desire of
Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
137. Samuel Neilson Jr to Isabel Neilson Jr
Glasgow 5th May 1817
Dear Sister,
If I have ever been anxious to hear from you, it is at this present moment. I have not seen one single letter from Canada since last November. I know not whether this may find you alive or not, but I hope it will. It is upon that supposition that I write these few words. The college has now
71 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 given up since the first of this month, and one third of my labour is over. I will not have any time, however, to spend idly, as I am now attending some classes, to wit: Drawing and Architecture, Book-keeping and writing. I am very desirous of being again in Quebec. I really begin to weary, especially since the college has given up; and I wish it was beginning again. I cannot but show my displeasure at your not writing me particularly when you knew my address. I hope you will write me now as often as you can. Tell me how you past last winter; what news there are in Quebec; how the Valcartier settlement is coming on; and in short give me all the information you can. I am going down to Gatehouse in about a fortnight, where I will remain a month and a half. I heard from them about two weeks ago; they are well, and desire to be remembered to you, and the family. I have nothing further to say. I’ll write you from Gatehouse; and that you may follow an uninterrupted course of virtue is the sincere wish of your
Affectionate brother, S. Neilson
138. Samuel Neilson Jr to Marie Neilson
Glasgow 15th May 1817
Dear Mother,
I hope that father is with you just now and that he had a good journey. I wrote to Isabel this time and to father from the boat – the Mary left 8 days after father. College is finished now and for a while I shall stay in Glasgow. I am going to learn to paint and a few other little things. I have not seen a letter from Quebec since 15th November. Everything is well in Scotland except some disturbances from time to time. Summer is very beautiful. At this time of the year all the wheat and other grains are sown and are thriving. I see you are enquiring about father because you hear rumour of the United States. I hope that you had a good winter and that you have been well. I will write from Gatehouse, where I am going in two weeks. I wish you good health for the future, and I am sincerely
Your affectionate son, Samuel Neilson
139. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 20th May 1817
Dear Father,
I expected to have seen the Montreal spoken to among some of the vessels bound to Quebec but it seems she was not. I hope you are now arrived after a very favourable passage and that you have found all our friends in good health. I now attend two hours with Mr Denholm, one of which is employed in drawing and the other in Architecture; and writing and Book-keeping with Mr Stevenson and Mr Hermand. I drew £82 on Messrs John McNaught & Co. on the 13th of this month £25 of which were for the quarterly advance of board and the rest was employed in paying Mr Ferguson and Stewart £28; Mr Hermand £7.15; Mr Rennie, tutor, £9.9; and washing and several other articles, such as to Mr Muirhead, £2.2 paid by Mr Chrystal last November; for writing desk, paid by him also, £3.10; and making of shirt, and other small article, £2. I kept a diary till the 15th this month and I will transmit you a copy of it. [There follows a table detailing the daily weather between 8th April and 14th May]. I received a letter from my uncle the other day. They are all well and desire to be remembered to you. Compliments to all friends. I am
Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
72 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
140. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse 24th May 1817
Dear Samuel,
I received yours of date the 21st Instant. I have considered the different Roads from Glasgow to Gatehouse. You will on Saturday the 31st instant start with the Coach for Ayr, and I will leave here on Friday the 30th and meet you at Dalmellington on Saturday evening or Sunday morning 1st June in the House of Mr McKinnley, Land Surveyor, who keeps the head Inn in that place, and will remain there till you arrive. Bring with you your fishing Rod as we may have some sport on our way home, as the Lakes are numerous on both sides of the Road. Should you not find it convenient to keep by the above arrangements, write me by return of post that I may know on Thursday next the day before I set out to meet you. I have with pleasure observed the contents of your letter. You have forgot to mention the Receipt of mine of date 25th April. Grandmother, Uncle and aunt have their Compliments to you. I am
Dear Samuel, Your Affectionate Uncle, Will. Neilson
N.B. you will observe to bring or send by Thomas Wallet, carrier, any old Jacket or clothes, old as you may be frequently out in the way of fishing in the rough country where they answer best. W. N.
141. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 30th May 1817
Dear Father,
I am going to start for Gatehouse to-morrow morning at 7 o’ clock by the coach to Ayr. From Ayr I shall walk to Dalmellington, where my uncle is to meet me having left Gatehouse on Thursday last, and we shall then walk in company to Gatehouse. All our friends at Gatehouse are well – I had a letter from William yesterday. I hope you have had a good passage and that you have found all our friends well. There are no news in Glasgow of any importance. Trade is recovering. There have been one Algerine and one Tunisian cruiser on the coast of England, which made great noise. One of them was taken by the Alert sloop, and the Ganymede frigate went in chase of the other. They had taken several vessels, and sent them to Tunis.[129] Mr and Mrs Wilson and one of their daughters are going up to London on Monday. They still continue as much attention to me as before. Mr Greenshields is in good health. I saw him just this moment. [He] is looking out for a place to buy. Mr and Miss Allison are also in good health, and desire to be remembered to you. Mr A., and the Miss Wilsons, dined in the same house at Greenock as you did. They asked for you after dinner, but found you had gone off. Make my compliments to mama, Isabel, William, Margaret, Agnes and Frances. I am with due respect
Your affectionate son, Samuel Neilson
73 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
142. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Quebec 2nd June 1817
My dear Samuel,
You will see by the pyle of Gazettes which I send you our adventures on the ice.[130] We were in danger, but thank God we were quit for the fright and a little pumping; an employment which I should not like to follow. I found the family all well excepting your mother, who had been long uneasy on my account, having heard of vessels being in the ice. She has got very thin but I hope she will soon recover. I received your letter and the papers to the 15th April per Mary, [Captain] Moore. I expect you will send me papers whenever you have an opportunity. Your mother and Isabel write by the present conveyance. I have hardly had time to look about me since I arrived Wednesday evening (having left the ship at Berthier). I can therefore send you very little information about Quebec. Everything has gone on smoothly between Government and the House of Assembly. They have voted upwards of £50,000 to improve the roads etc. and we talk of nothing but improvement. There is an agricultural Society formed of which I have been made one of the committee since my arrival.[131] There are 4 houses built [interlined: or building] at Valcartier. The Commissary General told me that he was there 3 days ago and supposes there is 200 acres cleared. Everything in the Printing Office appears to have been well conducted during my absence, and bussiness is not unusually bad. I shall write you by every opportunity, and give you a great many particulars about Quebec and our affairs. The Isis, with my goods from London, is arrived with the pressman I engaged in London. The Montreal, the Mary and the Cherub are the only vessels as yet from the Clyde. The Cherub was 4 days after us. The Julianna from London has been injured on the ice and is not yet arrived.[132] She was spoke [i.e. reported] by the Isis. My best respects to Mr Wilson and family, General and Mrs Shank, Mr and Miss Allison, Mr and Mrs Chrystal, the boarders and all our friends and acquaintances. Tell Mr Greenshields that I shall write him a long story shortly. Call on Mr Taylor with my compliments.
Dear Samuel, Your affectionate father, J. Neilson
I had a letter from Mr McKeand of the 17 April by Mrs Scott, who arrived on Saturday in the Mary, [Captain] Moore.
143. William Palmer Jr to John Neilson
Pictou 18th June 1817
Dear uncle,
I am safe arrived at this place after a short and plesant pasage. We sailed from Dumfries the 21st April and landed here the 23 of May. I have kept my health very well since I left home. I was not the le[a]st sea sick but there was a great many that was very sickly the the [sic] most of the passage. Ther was nothing remarkable hap[pe]ned on our pasage or I seed [i.e. saw] nothing that I thought strange but the large lumps of ice that we seed on the banks of Newfoundland. They ware [i.e. were] as high above the surface of the water as our tape [i.e. top] mast but we received no Injury by them. Ther was 127 passangers came out in the same ship that I came in and the most of them stoped at this place, but they would like very well to be out of it a gain for the inhab[it]ants have [s]carce as much provesion as will keep them selves till the new crop come of the ground, but it is very fortunate for me that I brought as much provesions as I did for I have three months’ provesions, yet only for that I had been badly of for all the mony that I have won hear is very trifelin, yet for Crocket, him how [i.e. who] was the case of me coming to this reatched [i.e. wretched] poor place, is faling in with his friends and left me to shift for my self; and ther was one McNeight, that came out along with Crocket and I, that has done nothing atal [i.e. at all] yet. He likes the place so badly that he is goin of for home in t[w]o
74 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 or three days, but I have no thought of goin home for some time yet for ther is surely beter places in America than this, but I would not like to go out of this place till I hear from you, which I hope will not be long. Be so good as [w]rite me as soon as this comes to hand and let me know wither you have any youse [i.e. use] for me for I would wilingly go up providing you was willing or think that I could have any chance of falling in with any other man providing you had no youse for me your self. For hear I will not stay long for they have no money to pay a man for his work without you can give him long credit and that does not answer the like of me how is not setled in the place, and ther living is very poor. I have seen littel els but paetots [i.e. potatoes] and fish three times a day and some can only aford them two times a day this year, but you told me your self that it was the poorest place in all America and I hope it is so. If you ar writing to Scotland remember me to my friends and likeyis [i.e. likewise] to those in Quebeck. No more at present but remain yours etc. etc.
William Palmer
Direct to me to the care of James McClean in East River, Pictou.
144. Samuel Neilson Jr to Isabel Neilson Jr
Glasgow 27th June 1817
Dear Sister,
I have not heard from you since papa’s arrival, but am in hourly expectation of receiving a letter or letters, as there is a vessel in the channel, the Thomas Martins, but the wind is against her. I have been well since my last. I have received Quebec papers, down to the 21st June, from which I have collected a great many interesting particulars. Your letter (if I mistake not) of 2nd April 1817, I received in July [sic] per mail. I left our friends in Galloway in good health; except Grandmama who complains now and then, but it is nothing. The different branches of Education that I am studying you may see in my last to papa. I think you are not improving much in your writing. You should endeavour to acquire a good hand. Make acceptable my duty to my mother, my love to my brother and sisters and believe
Your most affectionate brother, S. Neilson
P.S. This is the last vessel that will sail directly from Clyde to Quebec without [i.e. unless] the Thomas Martins gets up immediately. S. Neilson
145. William Chrystal to Samuel Neilson Jr
Glasgow 28th June 1817
My Dear Sir,
The inclosed came to hand this morning and as my Colleague Mr Lorrain passes in the coach not far from the place where you are, I send them by him to be put in at the nearest post office [interlined: this evening]. He goes off in an hour and therefore I have very little time to write you. We have all been in perfect health since you left us. The vacation commenced on the 4th Instant on which day I went to Stirlingshire, where I was for about eight days. When I returned, I went along the shores of the Clyde in quest of sea-bathing quarters; and after passing about four days in that way came home to report progress; and after all we have preferred a sweet little cottage about one mile and a half north of Glasgow, where we have been resident since Monday last. The house is not large but the situation is excellent. Some of us are daily in town – to keep the door open for the paint[er]s who are doing up the Parlour (which is now finished) and the lobbie, which wants now only the last coat. All the Boarders are at their several homes since the vacation
75 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 began except Campbell Mair, who is still with us and who is well pleased walking about and drinking plenty of warm milk three times a-day. I fear that owing to this new place of residence it will not be in my power to see you at your present quarters, which I fully intended, as Mrs C is not fond of being left in the country without some protector. I suppose the inclosed must be from Quebec – if so it will be gratifying to learn that your friends there are all well and that your father had a good passage home. I hope also that you have been quite well since we parted. You know our School meets again on Tuesday the 22nd July so that half my time is run and not much has been done with it. If you find yourself at liesure we will be glad to hear from you how you have been and how you are employed and any general information you may think it right to communicate respecting those beyond the Atlantic with whom you are more immediately concerned. We have taken the cottage for two months at least and have the option of keeping it for two more if we find that it continues to benefit the health and comfort of the family as hitherto. As Mr Lorrain stands waiting for me as I hurriedly write this, I have only to beg my sincere good wishes to you in which I am joined by Mrs C and all the family. I am
Dear Sir, Yours most truly, William Chrystal
146. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 1st July 1817
Dear Father,
I have this moment received your letter of the 2nd of June (per K. Charlotte) intimating me of your arrival on the 18th of May after a very serious passage. I am very happy to hear that every thing has gone on in the printing office as it ought to have done and that better times may be hoped for. The Jacques Cartier settlement is coming on very rapidly.[133] I have not seen or heard from any of our friends in Glasgow since I left it, which was on the first of June. Mr and Mrs Wilson are in London. Times are reviving very fast and every hope of peace and plenty is entertained. The season has been very favourable for the country and the weather has been extremely hot, even as high as 82 in the shade. The crops are looking well beyond any thing. I was at Creetown about 2 weeks ago and the wheat was already shot, such an early and so prosperous seeming a crop has never been known. Meal has fallen from 5 shillings a stone to 4 shillings in the course of a week. You have (I suppose) heard of the acquittal of the charges for high treason. Watson, Cooper [i.e. Hooper] and Thistlewood have been dragged through the streets of the metropolis with the loud acclamation of the mob.[134] The iron bridge at London is finished and is now passable and called Waterloo Bridge.[135] I shall write you again as soon as I can. I have no papers to sent [sic] you this time. My compliments to all friends.
Your most affectionate son, S. Neilson
I have not seen the pile of Quebec papers; they have not been sent to me from Glasgow. I have written to mama and William [interlined: Margaret] by the vessel [illegible – ink faded].
147. Samuel Neilson Jr to Marie Neilson
Gatehouse 1st July 1817
Dear Mother,
I received your letter with those from Isabel and papa this morning and as there is a boat which is going to leave for Quebec from Liverpool in 2 or 3 days I shall write you a few lines.
76 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
I have been here since the 1st June and I have managed to do nothing but go fishing and some walks in the mountains (which are very plentiful), and other pastimes of this sort. I shall return to Glasgow on the 22nd or 23rd of the month, where I shall begin my other studies. All our friends here are well. My grandmother is also well, on the whole, but she always complains of headaches and weakness. I have learned of the death of Mrs Routier. She was a very good woman. Give my condolences to Michel Antione, Mrs Routier senior and the rest of the family. I hope you will be happy when you receive this letter. When you wrote to me regarding my health, it always seemed like a custom. I have written to William by the Mary, and I am sending a small present. I hope you will reply soon. I am, as ever,
Your very affectionate son, S. Neilson
148. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Quebec 12th July 1817
Dear Samuel,
Captain Moore not having yet sailed, I have an opportunity of acknowledging your letter of the 5 May per Prompt and thank you for the newspapers. We continue all well. Your mother and Isabel send you per Captain Moore a box containing some newspapers and two Potts Strawberries of this year’s growth, which, of course, you will divide with your friends. Captain Moore has the newspapers down to the present time for you. I am going tomorrow or next day to St Igan to dine with the Forresters at Mr Taschereau’s,[136] which will give me an opportunity of revisiting that part of the Country which I have not seen for 23 years. Mr Mure is going home in about 9 weeks for London. I shall probably write by him. W. Richardson, on Montreal, and family I believe have sailed.
Dear Samuel, Yours ever, J. Neilson
Compliments to Dr Chrystal and Family and all Friends.
149. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Quebec 1st August 1817
Dear Samuel,
I write you now by Captain Rayside of the Montreal, whom I daresay you will see in Glasgow; the Box containing the Maple Sugar and Strawberry Jam also goes by him. I received a few days ago your letter of the 20th May, with the Journal of the Weather. I have neglected to copy mine; but I shall send it. You, however, had the substance in the Gazette. We are all well at present; everybody in the Country, but you and myself. William’s vacation finishes in a few days and Margaret’s in 3 weeks. She boards at the Miss Dalrymples’,[137] latterly from Scotland, and William has hitherto staid with me and goes to Mr Wilkie’s. He gets on slowly with his English and I have thoughts of sending him to board. I came in from the country this morning after having set Coughtrie, Paul and leblanc petit Claire to mow the large meadow, which is unusually fine. Indeed the Grain as well as the hay and every other agricultural production looks extremely well this year, and we have little to fear but the frost or cold nights at the end of this month. The weather has been extremely warm the greatest part of this month. We have nothing new here of much consequence. Young Short is gone home and I daresay you
77 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 will see him. Mr Mure goes in a few days. The 2nd battalion 60th is arrived here and the Dragoons and 103rd are preparing to embark. [interlined: Mr Young, Mrs Young and Family are received to this Country. Frederick Grant goes home in four days]. Trade and bussiness generally are extremely dull and money hard to be got. I had a letter a few days ago from Mr Greenshields and I beg you particularly to remember me to him. I am sorry to have to inform you of the death of your relation Miss Nancy Bouthellier. She had been long ill and died consumptive. Thomas is returned from the States and going to settle at Yamaska. Remember me kindly to all our Friends in Glasgow, particularly Mr and Mrs Wilson and Family, Mr Taylor, General Shank, and Mr and Mrs Allison; and when you write to Gatehouse, send my compliments to all our relations and let them know that we are well. I hope that you are never Idle, never employed in mischief, but incessant in improving in all things useful and becoming.
Dear Son, Your affectionate Father, J. Neilson
Tell Mr Taylor that I shall shortly send him a remittance; but I beg you to spend no money uselessly.
150. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 10th August 1817
Dear Father,
I returned from Gatehouse on the 27th of July where I left all our friends in good health except Agnes, who has been unwell for sometime back. She is, however, recovering fast. I spent most of my time there in shooting and fishing with my uncle William, who has almost nothing else to do. There have been no material changes in this part of the world except the dissolution of the parliament. The crops are most aboundant and a great part of them are now out in the South [interlined: England]. In France the harvest may be said to be saved; new bread, i.e. made of new wheat, is selling at a very low price and such an aboundant harvest has never before [been] witnessed. You will see a more detailed account of this particularly in the papers which I sent you by this vessel. Every[thing] is going on well with me and I am still in good health though by no means so stout as when I breathed Canadian air. I received two letters since I wrote last from Quebec one of which was from mama and the other from Isabel, dated 23rd of April. All our friends here are well. Mr Greenshields has rented [a] country house for two years in this neighbourhood, about 1½ mile distance. Mr and Mrs Chrystal return their best wishes and congratulate you on your safe arrival after encountering so many dangers, as do Mr and Miss Allison, and Mr Wilson’s family. Mr and Mrs Wilson are still in London. I hope you have been all well since I heard from you. Compliments to Mr Cowan, Bennet etc. and all those with whom you know I was acquainted. I am
Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
151. Samuel Neilson Jr to Marie Neilson
Glasgow 10th August 1817
Dear Mother,
Since I wrote to you I have received a letter from you by mail, date the 23rd April, from which I learned that you will leave soon.[138] I am in good health too, and have never been poorly since I
78 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 left Canada. I returned here on the 27th June and this is my first opportunity [to write you] since then. I left my friends in Gatehouse in good health. They send their regards. Mrs McKenzie has made you a gift of a few small pieces of cheese but as I have no way to send them to you I have asked her to keep them until I return.[139] I am at present in good health and hope that this letter finds you in good health too. Give my regards to everyone in the countryside. I learned from your last [letter] of the death of Mrs Routier, a very lovely and kind woman. I am
Your most affectionate son, S. Neilson
152. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Quebec 22nd August 1817
My Dear Samuel,
I have now the pleasure of writing to you by the Honorable J. Mure, who is going to Scotland by way of London. He will call on you and I beg you to be as attentive to him as your circumstances will permit, giving him every information you may think proper on your progress in your studies and present situation, and taking his advice as that of a good friend to us both. The last letter I had from you was dated the 20th May, but I expect to hear again from you every day. My last letter to you was by the Montreal, which sailed the 2nd of this month. We are all well at present, thank God. Your mother and Isabel will write to you by the next opportunity. Poor Mrs Orkney died a few weeks ago, leaving a very disconsolate family.[140] We have little local news of importance. Every arrival brings us numerous emigrants from Great Britain. Upwards of 4,000 have arrived at this Port since the opening of the navigation. They principally proceed to Upper Canada; and though there is little work and every kind of bussiness dull, the prospects of an abundant harvest throughout both provinces and in the United States gives reason to hope that they will not suffer absolute want. I have been once at Valcartier since I write you. There are in all about 160 acres cut down, five houses or huts built and about 50 acres in Crop, looking very fine. Mr Stuart has made a clearing at the Foot of Tsuonthuan [i.e. Tsounonthouan], on the west side of the Décharge. Mr Planté has also made a beginning at the Eboulements. I am afraid, however, it will be a long time before we get back our money. My best respects to all our Friends, particularly Mr and Mrs Wilson and family, General Shank and lady, Mr and Miss Allison, Mr Taylor, and last [but] not least Mr Greenshields. His Indian Dress is making and he will get it at this Fall. When you write to Gatehouse tell them that we are well. Mrs Scott arrived safe at Niagara. Richard Coughtrie is still with me and well.
Dear Samuel, Your affectionate father, J. Neilson
153. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 27th August 1817
Dear Father,
I have not received any letters from any one of you since those announcing your arrival; but I hope every thing is going on well. I received since my last Quebec papers down to the 21st June per Rebecca though they were not put on board of that ship but the Mary, of the loss of which ship I have been very sorry to learn.[141] I am now attending 2 hours with Mr Stevenson, Book keeper; 2 hours with Mr Denholm, Drawing and Architector; Mr Hermand, French Speaking Class, every Friday evening from 8 to
79 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
10 o clock. 4 hours I employ every day perusing different authors on the subject I am about to enter on next winter, to wit Moral Philosophy. I have not attended any printing as Mr Chrystal and Mr Wilson have had no further orders than what you gave on your departure. All our friends are well here. Mr Greenshields was married on Tuesday last to Miss Dale,[142] daughter of Mr Dale in company with Mr Haddock [i.e. Haddow].[143] The place he has chosen for his future residence is a beautiful seat situated on the banks of the Clyde, almost 5 miles above Glasgow, called Rosebank.[144] He returns his compliments to you. I have not seen him since he has been married. Mr Wilson arrived in town on Saturday evening from London having left Mrs Wilson and Jane in Edinburgh. They arrived on Monday Evening; all in good health. Miss Allison has been in Perth for some time; Mr Allison is shooting in the moor. I have been in good health since I wrote you. I have not heard from Gatehouse. I hope I shall hear very shortly from you. Make my compliments to all friends. If you will be so good as to write to New York informing Mr Long to forward my letters sent by me to Quebec, it will be of very great advantage as frequent opportunity to that place afford themselves, and beside, being quicker mode of conveyance than the mail and also less expensive. I am
Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
154. Samuel Neilson Jr to William Neilson Jr
Glasgow 27th August 1817
Dear William,
This is the last opportunity that I shall likely have of writing you by the river as the navigation will be shut up. You have read (I suppose) most of my letters to your parents; from which you learned that I had been well. Well, I am still, and hope you are also. I hope that you are making progress in your Education. In your next, let me know what latin author you are now reading; and whatever other branches you are studying. Endeavour to make some progress. Your disposition I know is rather inclined to the trifling but still I know you can apply yourself when you please. You had a habit of quarrelling with your schoolfellows when I was at school with you, which was not [at] all becoming. I beg you will leave it off. That you continued that practice I have learned from one of our schoolfellows who was so obliging as to inform me of it in a letter whose name I do not think proper to mention at present. In every part of your conduct endeavour to act consistently with the principles of virtue; if the degree of common sense with which our good Creator has endowed you is sufficient, I know to guide you in that path. May it be so!
Your most affectionate brother, S. Neilson
155. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse of Fleet 21st September 1817
Dear Samuel,
I have before me your letters of date 23rd August and 6th Instant, the latter of which gives me an account of your having had a letter from your Father and that they were all well, and the prospect of a plentiful harvest. Cheering indeed must these news be after a general scarcity. It is well that Richard Coughtrie is at work and seems pleased with his situation. I have had no letter from your Papa since you left Gatehouse but I expect as usual to hear from him in the fall, and when any arrives I will communicate the news to you, and you will do the same to me.
80 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
I am sory for the death of your Cousin Miss N. Bothillier. The death of our relations should be a warning to us to be orderly and good, and make the best of time while we live; and certainly it will be no worse for us at the close of life, a friend which we are all approaching. As you directed, I paid particular attention to John being a candidate for a member of the house of Assembly in Canada. It may be for his good (I wish it may) but I am much of your opinion it is a ‘hum hum!’ concern but we are often at a loss to know what may be best for us. I have no very interesting news to tell you, the weather is good, shearing is general, meal is lowering in price, potatoes plenty, in short a good looking time for the Belly. Grandmother has her compliments to you and bids you pay every attention to your education and mind both soul and body. Uncle and Aunts join with compliments to you. Mr Hugh and Thomas Gordon desire to be remembered to you. Samuel McMenzies said he would write you. I am getting a salmon line made for next season. My Mother and I were badly with the cold but are about geting better. Your last letter was very well wrote, neat without many dashes. Pray try to excell in every branch of learning, being the finest ornament to human nature. My compliments to A. Jack the Preacher. Write me frequently and always mention the state of health you enjoy. I am
Dear Samuel, Your Affectionate Uncle, Will. Neilson
P.S. The Cait squad desire to be remembered to you. W. N.
156. Isabel Neilson Jr to Samuel Neilson Jr
Quebec 10th October 1817
Dear Brother,
The last news I got from you was by mamma, who got a letter from you on the 26th of September dated 1 July: you were then well. I hope this letter will find you in the same state of health. Papa and mamma are very well and the rest of the family. William broke his right arm on the arm of the stairs; he was sliding on it, it seems; but his arm is as strong now as the other. Dr Cockburn says that he wont remember it when he is grown up. He did not suffer by it at all and it did not prevent him from sleeping nor from playing. It has kept him from his school about 3 weeks but the Doctor says he will be able to go next week. Margaret is very well; she is a boarder at the miss Dalrymples’. You desired me to inform you how they were going on at Valcartier. I haves been there with papa. The road was pretty good, they were mending it. We went as far as the river in the calash.[145] We slept at the cabin, and came home next day. We went down the river as far as le Eboulemens. We were at Hewison’s and at Mr Haineys: they have now altogether about 300 Acres cut down and papa is going to get 40 Acres cut for himself; he has sown 2 bushels and a half of wheat for himself. Mr Armstrong has sold his part to a Quarter Master of the Veterans (Thompson) who is going out there with his family. Captain Moore is arrived for the second time [page damaged – ?and] he has brought 2 letters.
Your Affectionate Sister, Isabel Neilson
Nancy Bouthillier is dead, she died 26th of July.
81 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
157. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 11th October 1817
Dear Father,
I have delayed writing you, on expectation of receiving a letter from Canada, so that I might answer it immediately, but that letter has not yet arrived and I can wait no longer without the loss of this opportunity. College is on the eve of beginning, and, indeed, the Greek and Humanity Classes commenced yesterday, but as I am now become a philosopher (and I hope a true one), my attendance is not required until the 1st of November. I have been continuing the same classes that I mentioned you in one of my former letters. Your letter of the 1st August I have before me. I am happy to hear that the prospect of an abundant harvest has presented itself and cannot but be overjoyed. The promise of an abundant harvest has been fulfilled in this country. The wheat and other grains in England and the Southern parts of Scotland as far as Stirlingshire may be said to be all safely stored; and good they are. The trade is reviving very fast, so much so that the difference in its favour on the Revenue has been no less than about £600,000 in the course of a week. I received by Captain Rayside the maple sugar and jam. I thank you for your present. I distributed them according to your directions in the letter. As to myself, I have been in good health since my last, and continue still to be well pleased with my situation. I have not seen any of the Gentlemen whom you mentioned as coming home, though I may yet see some of them. Dr Fisher I have not seen, but he is in Bath, spending his time very merrily (I suppose) as Mr Greenshields is gone down there with his bride. Mr Taylor I have just seen; [he is] desiring to be remember to you. Mr and Mrs Wilson and family join in making their compliments to you. Make my best wishes acceptable to all friends, particularly to those with whom I am connected. I am
Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
158. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Quebec 8th November 1817
My dear Samuel,
I have sent by the Rebecca, [Captain] Harvey, Three Barrels of Montreal Apples to your address which will be received and forwarded by Messrs J Macnaught & Co.’s House in Greenock, and also three for William. You will of course share yours with our friends in Glasgow, your discretion, with my compliments. Send a few of each sort of the finest to Mr Greenshields to whom it will be gratifying to taste something of the growth of the soil and climate of Canada. We are all well at present. William is just returned from the country where he remained during the time that he could not use his arm. Your mother, Isabel, Agnes and Frances are still there. Margaret is at Miss Dalrymples’, a boarder. They will all write (that can write) before the close of the navigation. The season, after the ground having been covered with snow for a fortnight, is now mild; the carts and calashes have again taken the place of sleighs and carioles.[146] Ploughing is resumed and we now hope for an open Fall. Colonel Myers, Quarter Master General, and Dupré, son of Colonel Dupré, were burried yesterday. They are the only Deaths of consequence since I wrote you. Bussiness of every kind is Dull, but there is plenty of the necessaries of life in the country within the reach of all its inhabitants. You may write during the winter by way of New York to the care of Mr George Long Bookseller and occasionally by the mail. Look over my memorandums and letters to you; lose no opportunity of informing yourself. I wish, in addition to a General Education, that you should be qualified to manage a printing office, as a further means of procuring for yourself a livelihood, and for this purpose you ought to be able to work at the bussiness. You
82 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 will, however, probably have no time to spare during the winter, but I wish you to consult with Mr Wilson with a view to our arrangement by which you may attend a certain time [interlined: each day] in some respectable Printing office next spring, summer & on. My best respects to Mr Wilson and family, and to all our Friends. Will you tell Mr Wilson that I received the Types, sum £10.2.5½. They were brought up from the Neptune [illegible – page stained] at Mille Vache. I shall have occasion for some articles of which I will send him a memo by another opportunity.
Your affectionate Father, J. Neilson
The Fameuse for immediate eating The Boarassas in February and March The Grises late June Pay to Messrs J Macnaught & Co any charges incurred for forwarding apples. J. N.
159. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse on Fleet 23rd November 1817
Dear Samuel,
Your letter came to hand of date the 12th instant which gave me pleasure to hear that you were well as I had considerable anxiety about your health having read in the Glasgow papers of a typhus fever being in your neighbourhood. However, I thought you would have acquainted me if you had been in any way indisposed and I expect you will do so should any thing of the sort happen. I have perused your letter. I find you are still improving your writing, tho’ there are full too many dashes, some interlining, words run out, and others badly spelled. The last error is certainly the least inexcusable in a scholar; though I am not correct myself, I should be glad to find you so. Enough on that head. It gives me me [sic] great satisfaction to know by your letter that my Brother and Family are well, except poor little William, the rash youth not knowing the necessity of obeying orders, to get unto the stair handrail, and going by the run so as to get his arm broke was an accident for which I am very sorry, but as the injury will I hope not be permanent [illegible – page damaged] will be a lesson to him to take better care again. Observe ‘bought wit is the best wit’ is a Scotch proverb. I have received no letters from Canada since you left Gatehouse. I expect some by the fall vessels. When you write have my compliments to your Father and Family and say we are all the same as when he left us in the spring. Remember me to Mr William Cowan, J. Bennett, C. Roy and Richard Coughtrie. Tell the latter that his relations expected to hear from him before this time. You will write me frequently as I wish to know how you are going on. I hope you will pay all the attention you can to the different branches you may study. Mrs McMenzies of Park was here the other day, and particularly desired to be remembered to you. My Mother, Charles and Aunt have their Compliments to you. Your Grandmother says ‘i man be unco carfu’.[147] Samuel McMenzies and Mr Gordon and all your acquaintances have their Compliments to you and will again be happy to see you on the field. In your next letter inform me if it is the opinion in your place that provisions will be as dear as last year.
Dear Samuel, Your Affectionate Uncle, Will. Neilson
83 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
160. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse on Fleet 22nd December 1817
Dear Samuel,
I wrote you the 23rd ultimo which I hope you have received. I have now the pleasure of informing you that I was favoured with a letter from your Father of date the 8th November last, came to hand the 16th instant. He mentions the receipt of yours to him of date 28th August. He says, ‘We are all in good health here at present. My son William had his arm broke by a fall in the stairs, his arm slipping in between two of the bars and thereby supporting the weight of his body. It is now perfectly well, and I do not think that the injury will be perceptible when he is grown up’. The remainder of the letter is regarding his friends in this part of the country. He is anxious about your improvement and I have no doubt but you will, by study, get well acquainted with both letters and mankind in general, all lending towards your own interest and comfort. My brother has sent addressed to me Three Barrels Montreal apples to the care of Messrs John Macnaught and Co. Greenock per Rebecca, [Captain] Harvey; should they come by the way of Glasgow you will forward them by Thomas Wallet. I spoke to him last Thursday to enquire for and bring them with him. Should you be writing to Greenock enquire if Macnaught & Co. have sent them onward. I have little new to communicate. We are all much in the same way as when you left us. Your old play fellows are frequently enquiring for you. Your Grandmother, Uncles and Aunts have their compliments to you ‘and my mither says i maun improve your time will, an fa in wi ne gauding company;[148] and she expects an answer to her advice’ and she is happy to hae a letter frae John. I am
Dear Samuel, Your Affectionate Uncle, Will. Neilson
161. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 10th January 1818
Dear Father,
I received your letter of the 8th of November on the 14th December last per Rebecca and am happy to think that you were then all well. The very kind presents you made me, I received at Glasgow, 21st December. The three barrels addressed to my uncle [at] Gatehouse were forwarded by the carrier. Grandmama and aunts are well. There is nothing new in this part of the world; trade is reviving very fast; the death of the Princess Charlotte, and of the young heir,[149] you will have heard of – mourning has been general, and even the reed gown of the Glasgow University has been hung with crapes.[150] I am attending the classes at college which you proposed in your last letter before leaving this country – viz. Ethics by Prof. Mylnes, private and public class – ½ 7 morning & 11 morning Logic private by Prof. Jardine and Rhetoric – ½ 8 forenoon & 3 afternoon Mathematics senior side by Prof. Millar, this class includes Astronomy and Geography – 10 forenoon Political Economy by Prof. Mylne – 8 evening
I still continue to like my situation in Glasgow; my acquaintances are now more numerous, and they pay me great attention. I delayed writing you till now in expectation of being able to find a vessel direct to New York, from Clyde, but the first that sails is not till the th20 which is sometime to come. Mr Taylor writing by way of Liverpool affords me this opportunity. I hope that this is a good apology for my inattention. All your friends here are well, and return you their best wishes. Mr Greenshields seems to be very happy. He spends an altogether country
84 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 life; coursing and shooting are his favourite amusements. I spent the Christmas holidays with him at Rosebank, where I had the first opportunity of seeing his wife, who seems to me to be a very amiable and friendly woman. Rosebank is one of the most beautiful country seats in the neighbourhood of Glasgow: it is on the very banks of the Clyde, the walks are very numerous, and the garden and orchard are very extensive. Mr and Mrs Wilson and family are well; and no persons can be more friendly to me than they; they take the same interests in me as if I were their son and are anxious of my welfare. I long to see Canada once more, and every Canadian I see puts me in mind of it. I had the pleasure of seeing Mr Muir who was so good as to call upon me several times. He is now gone up to London. Mr Robert Paterson is in town; and about three weeks ago I chanced to meet an old school fellow in the Trongate, he was Mr Ferguson’s son the taylor. I shall attend to the directing in your last and I remain
Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
162. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Quebec 14th January 1818 Monday Evening
My dear Samuel,
The last letter I had from you was dated the 11th October. I felt happy, as you may well conceive, to hear that you were well and doing well. Continue my Dear Son in the same course and with the blessing of God you will secure your own happiness and be a comfort and support to us all. Your mother, sisters and brother are all well and often talk of you. They begin to count that there will be only eighteen months before they may hope to see you again lovely and beloved. Your mother, William, Agnes and Frances have been for two days past in the Country, where Richie Coughtrie takes care of the House and Cattle and proves a harty and able servant. It is the home of the boncherie. Isabel is alone with me in town, always as good as ever, but not of the stoutest health. I write you by Mr Fraser, who has long managed Mr Irvine’s bussiness. I beg you would shew him every attention in your power. He will probably be at Mr Taylor’s, my very kind friend, to whom I desire to be remembered as also to Mr Wilson and family, General Shank and lady, Mr and Miss Allison, and all our friends in Glasgow, particularly Mr Greenshields, should he be amongst you. We have had as yet a fine mild winter. The last two days have been the coldest, the Thermometer by Farenheits scale being at about Ten below 0. The River is not yet frozen over, even at Carouge. There has been a good deal of sickness but few deaths. Mr J. B. Bedard died a few days ago, our old Surveyor at Valcartier. Madame Paul Lamont our neighbour at Carouge died after childbirth about three weeks ago. I performed the mournful ceremony of reading the prayer of the Dying at her bed side. Old Forg [illegible – page damaged] was found dead the week before last [illegible – page damaged] Pierrot Villeres – he died it is supposed of intoxication. Bussiness goes on tolerably well. We have not yet finished the almanac.[151] I send it as far as printed with the Gazette, that you may have an idea of what is doing among us. The Governor is going home next spring [illegible – page damaged] health.[152] Every thing is quiet among us in the country and there is a general spirit of improvement among us. When you write to Gatehouse remember me to all our relations and let them know that we are well. Dear Samuel, Your affectionate father, J. Neilson
Mr Weir, Mr Greenshields’ late Partner, goes to New York tomorrow morning.
85 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
163. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 13th February 1818
Dear Father,
I am in daily expectation of having from you and I hope I will find you have been all well since your last letters, which were by the Jane (via Ayr). All our friends here are well. I have just recovered from an illness which confined me to my bed for four weeks past but I hope I shall be able to attend my classes on Monday first. What the sickness was the Physician who attended me (Dr Burns, Prof. of Surgery) seems to hesitate in asserting but says it was some [interlined: slow] fever. Whatever it was it has very effectually lessened me and I think I shall require some time to be restored to my usual standard. I did not write when ill for reasons which you yourself will soon see. During my illness Mr Wilson and family paid me all the attention possible and I could not have expected more from parents. They called every day on me. From what cause it [interlined: sickness] proceeded I know not but I think, and the Doctor is of the same opinion, that the original cause was just cold. There is nothing new in this part of the world. Parliament is met and they have attacked the ministerialists for the suspension of the habeas corpus act.[153] Parliament is to be dissolved in April. There are three vessels advertised in the Greenock papers for Quebec to sail early in April – Eclipse, Captain Moore, and Fame, [Captain] Abrams, are two of them. You will find a difference in my hand writing but I think I shall soon acquire the same again. Make acceptable my duty to mama, brother and sisters, and I remain
Your most affectionate son, S. Neilson
164. William Palmer Jr to John Neilson
Pictou 22nd February 1818
My Dear Uncle,
I have received no answer from you altho’ I have wrote you two letters. The one I sent with a ship going up to Quebec and the other with the post to Halifax, but I did not pay the postage to Halifax and I am afread they have miscar[ri]ed. I had a exelant pasage and have kept my health well since I came to this place. I arrived hear on the 29 of May. I [w]rought by the day for some time but finding it unstedy I hired for a year comencing at the first of August for which I am to recive 35 £. I felt no disconveance [i.e. inconvenience] for working with the heat in summer nor yet from the cold in winter and I have been exposed every day in both. I recived a letter from my brother on the 16th of this month informing me that my friends ar well. My Dear Uncle, you promest to write me as sone [i.e. soon] as you new my adress how you ware [i.e. were] coming on in the farming line and [interlined: whether] you would have any youse [i.e. use] for me or not. Show me but a little [?countenance] and I hope I nare [i.e. never] will shame thy favour. No more at present but remain your affectionate nephew,
William Palmer
Give my compliments to all my friends in Quebec.
Direct to me to the care of Captain David Fraser, harber head, Pictou.[154]
86 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
165. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 16th March 1818
Dear John,
I should have wrote you befor this time but we frequently hear of you from Samuel. I had a letter from him the 5th instant; he had a letter from you the day before which mentioned you were all well, but he thought his account to you would not be so pleasant, he has had a severe fever but is now quite well in health but weakly. In a short time we shall see him here and I hope the country air and exercise will restore his strength. I had three letters during his illness from Dr Chrystal, in one of which he says, ‘I shall do everything in my power, not merely as we hold it to be our duty, but because we are sincerely interested in him as a deserving youth’. Samuel is very well liked here and I am of opinion he will do well. Him and I had several fishing excursions during Summer. We had one day at Dornald loch catching Gades,[155] he caught a fine one at the bog i loch between hitchel brae and woodpark; he told me frequently he would knock me up, however that day I thought he would have been the first. I told him when we got hungry in the moors we thought nothing of eating heather. I have before me your letter after your providential escape from the ice.[156] It was a rough do. Our good Minister, the Reverend Robert Gordon, died about the 23rd December last after lingering from August.[157] During last summer he went to London and his bad state of health was much increased by that tour. The apples came to hand; our Mother and Janet had the pleasure of distributing to Brothers Charles, Nathaniel, Ross, Palmer, cusine [i.e. cousin] Jannet, the Mrs of the Park,[158] Mr and Mrs McMenzies, Samuel the wicked Tanner,[159] Conchieton,[160] Captain Drew, Mr Niven, Mrs Dr Brown,[161] Gategill,[162] [illegible – page damaged] Gray Brown, Mr Smith and family, John Moore, Merchant,[163] and Mr James Dennison all of whom have their Compliments to you. I was at the Cairns on Barley Knowes the other day. The friends and Brothers are still in force. My compliment to Mrs Neilson and family. Remember me to little William and tell him to be a good boy and make better care of his eyes, legs and arms than get them hurt. My Compliments to Mr Cowan, Bennett, Charles Roy and Richard Coughtrie. Say his relations here are well [and] tell him I expect that he will give them new light with regard to the practical part of farming. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
166. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson Gatehouse of Fleet 16th March 1818 Dear Son,
I think I am not so stout as I was last winter when you were here. I have been very much troubled with the cough and spitting. The weather this winter has been very changeable, rain, snow, sl[e]et, and frost almost every day. I hope I will be better when the weather turns more moderate. You may mention in your next letter if you have wrote William Palmer Jr. He is about Pictou, a farm servant and gets about £35 per annum. Agnes has another son, called Nathan. Remember me to Mrs Neilson and I wish you all health and prosperity and remain
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
P.S. the people are throng Rauping[164] off here and selling out for America. The poor labourers are still badly off for food and employ. Meal is still high 3/2 per 1½ lbs. Times are not good: taxation! taxation! will ruin us in the end.[165] I think the people are perfectly right to leave the Holy Alliance and the divine rights of Kings[166] etc. etc. W. N.
87 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
167. William Chrystal to John Neilson
Glasgow 3rd April 1818
My Dear Sir,
This will be handed to you by Mr Robert Forester, a young man in whom I am interested, being distantly related to his mother. He has a desire to pass a few years in Quebec or Montreal as encouragement may offer. If you can forward his views by introducing him or otherwise I will take it very kind. He has had considerable experience here in the mercantile and chiefly in the manufacturing line, as you may learn from himself. I need say the less about your son as you hear from him so frequently. As he was so long in the country last summer at the very time the class for Botany was going on it was needless to enter it. I lately had some conversation with Mr Wilson (whose family are most attentive to Mr Samuel) whether he had received any farther instructions as to his attending any printing office, to which he replied in the negative but said he would give information if you should send any advice. I am glad now to refer to his fever as a thing that has past. Our Surgeon (Professor Burns) ascribed it distinctly to catching cold by immersing his head in cold water after being much overheated at skating. The Surgeon, who attended regularly for four or five weeks while he was confined to bed, reported that there was no immediate appearance of danger tho’ he admitted symptoms might have soon appeared of a different kind from the state in which he was at the time. We felt very anxious on account of the great distance at which you were placed, tho’ we wrote your Brother regularly at the time we thought it necessary. Mr Samuel was much reduced, but is now stouter than ever, and I think much improved in his appearance. I have cause to say that we are satisfied with his conduct, and are perfectly convinced that he is as free of every vice as you could wish. His habits are becoming more manly and suitable to his pursuits every day. We will comply with your letter which is in retentis as to his employment next winter unless any change of arrangement be announced before that time. Mrs Chrystal desires to unite in every good wish for the health and prosperity of your family.
Dear Sir, Your obliged friend, William Chrystal
168. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson Glasgow 6th April 1818
Dear Father,
Your last letter favoured by Mr Fraser I received on the 17th February by which I learned that you and the family had been well. My health has been good since my recovery from the fever I had the misfortune to catch. I am still weak but as the college will soon close I shall have an opportunity of going to Galloway (where they remain all well). My studies this winter have [interlined: rather] been retarded but I hope I shall be able to make up for this loss in the course of the summer by closer application. Our friends here are well and desired me to make their compliments to you. Mr Greenshields is still in this neighbourhood and continues to me a very amusing companion (I might almost say). I am anxious to hear from you now as it is two months nearly since I have heard but I hope when I do hear I shall hear good news. Nothing extraordinary has taken place here for some time. My Uncle William has not written me for a month back. Make my duty acceptable to mama and give my love to my sisters and brother, to whom I shall write in a few days. I remain
Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
P.S. The wind being fair the vessel by which the letter goes will sail this evening, which has caused my hurry. I shall write you shortly. S. N.
88 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
169. Samuel Neilson Jr to Isabel Neilson Jr
Glasgow 17th April 1818
My Dear Isabel,
I take this opportunity of writing you a few lines as Mr Fraser is just on his return to Quebec. I have written papa previous to this date from whom I received a letter on the 17th February intimating of the family’s being well except yourself, who I was sorry to hear continued of rather unhealthy. Health is every thing, therefore you should strive to preserve it. This may be done by frequently exposing yourself in the open air and accustoming yourself to those exercises which are within your sphere. The opportunities to such exertions are always numerous. Early rising is very conducive to health. In short be active and busy, always employed about something or other and I fear not but you will soon become as stout and strong as any person. My health, which was on the decline for sometime, I have now recovered and hope I shall be able to keep and as I shall soon have an opportunity to go to the South I will again get stout. Your friends in Galloway are well. I have nothing new here which can interest you. Return my love to mama, brother and sisters, and believe me
Your affectionate brother, S. Neilson
170. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 10th May 1818[167]
My Dear Father,
I have been in hopes of receiving a letter from you for this some time but the wind, which has continued East for a whole month, has retarded the progress of the Ships from America. The vessels out must have made very short passage and I hope that by this time you have been favoured by a letter from me. I intended to have gone to the country immediately as soon as the University course gave up but I was persuaded by Dr Chrystal (who still continues my well wisher) to enter the Botany [class] and postpone my visit to the South until the first of August whenit shall have given up. The Lectures are delivered by Dr Graham at the Botanical garden. The students have access an hour daily to the garden. I shall also attend the Lectures on Mineralogy by Doctor Cooper. His class opens this day, that of Dr Graham commenced on the 5th ultimo. I shall devote two hours more with Mr Watt, successor of Mr Denholm at Drawing and Architecture. The rest of my time shall be employed in reading history etc., which is of the greatest importance. Your letter, which I hope I shall receive in a few days, will give me directions to enter upon any other subject you are desirous I should be acquainted with. Until then I continue to attend to the above mentioned branches of my education. There is nothing new here. The typhus fever which excited considerable alarm at one time is (with the exception of a few cases) extinct.[168] Dr Chrystal has drawn upon Messrs J. McNaught & Co. the sum of one hundred pounds to pay all my debts up to the fifth of May by which I find the sum due for board etc. etc. by me for the last year was 198 £ less eight shillings. I heard from your brother William very latterly. They still continue well in Galloway. Your mother is pretty stout. Our friends in Glasgow are well. Mr Taylor is at present in London. Mr and Mrs Wilson and family are well and return their best respects to you. Mr Greenshields makes his compliments to you. Give my love to my sisters and brother and make acceptable my duty to mama.
Your Affectionate son, Samuel Neilson
89 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
171. Samuel Neilson Jr to William Neilson Jr
Glasgow 20th May 1818
Dear William,
I take this opportunity of writing you and making you acquainted of my present occupations. Your father will have informed you (I suppose) of my intentions to remain in Glasgow until the month of August. I have been inclined to lengthen out my time here by no other motive than the seisure of the only opportunity I shall (it is likely) have of paying attention to a study which from the little knowledge I have of it yet promises to gratify my most sanguine expectations. It is Botany. The variety which it constantly affords renders it a very pleasing, instead of a dry, part of my work which I was at first persuaded to think it would be. Mineralogy and Architecture constitute another part of my business. Reading books at home employs the rest of my time. This last part of my studies I should recommend you to attend to; as the learning (tho’ but little) you may derive from it will be permanent and indelible, and if you do not derive instruction you will, I am persuaded, derive amusement and still further will acquire a habit of reading when you wish it, a habit in the acquisition of which I found great difficulty if I have yet attained to it. I send you a few books, 8 in number, being the only ones of that kind I could get in town; should I meet with any others of a similar kind I shall send you others. By perusing these attentively you will reap much benefit from very little exertion. The tubular machine is an invention of very late notice and tho’ but a trifling thing is now very much in vogue. It is termed a Kalidiscope; in turning it round you will find it assume a number of very regular shapes as well as beautiful ones.[169] There are some of a much larger size but they are upon the same plan. Be attentive to your duties towards God, your parents and connections and to yourself and you will be beloved by all.
Your affectionate brother, S. Neilson
Make acceptable my duty to papa and mama and remember me to sisters. I shall write papa soon.
Yours etc. S. Neilson
P.S. The books I shall send by another vessel in a few days.
172. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 1st June 1818
Dear Father,
I have been in anxious expectation waiting for a letter from some of you for a long time as the last letter I received was date the 14th January 1818, a space of five months without the least intimation of your being dead or alive. As the navigation of the river must have been free for several weeks past the first vessel hither will settle all my uneasiness and which will (I hope) be in a few days. I have not sent you any papers before this time. This breach of my duty I beg you will pardon depending that I will not again be guilty of such negligence. I send you two copies of the Herald. Our friends in Galloway are all well. William wrote you by a vessel from Dumfries. Our acquaintances in Glasgow send their compliments to you. Mr Taylor has been in London for this some time past but is to be down in a few days. Miss Allison is to be married to morrow to Mr Balfour, a merchant in Dundee.[170] I do not know the gentleman nor have I ever seen him but am told he is very worthy wealthy man. Mr Wilson goes out to Montreal at the latter part of July. Mr Muir, who has been in Bath (I think since last autumn), has rented his house in Carlton place and is to be arrived at Glasgow in a few days. Dr Fisher,
90 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 who I have not seen since our separation at Glasgow in 1816, has been studying medicine in Edinburgh. Mr Greenshields returns his best respects to you. I have always been well and hope that you and the family have also been well. Make acceptable my duty to mama. Love to sisters and brother, and I remain
Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
P.S. Should you think of sending any apples to me this year you need not as most of those that were sent last year were lost. If you do, one barrel will [be] more than sufficient. Send the papers with them and out of the cover as they have (and it is lawful) made me pay the postage by the weight, as letters, which amounts to an extraordinary price. S. N.
173. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 29th June 1818
Dear Father,
I have just received your letter of the 16th May intimating me of your being all in good health, which gave me no inconsiderable degree of pleasure, a space of nearly six months having elapsed without any knowledge of you at all. The death of Dr Rieutard I am sorry for.[171] I have expected it for some time, his age I know to be advanced. The intelligence you give me concerning the attending [of] a printing office I expected to have got in the letter of April. At the close of the session you expected me, I suppose, to have gone to the country at the usual period but my attention as you now know has been directed towards Botany, which you last year seemed very desirous I should be acquainted with. Now the difficulty which we have to surmount is whether am I to travel to the South in August at the intended [illegible – page damaged] consequently I shall have a month only to be at the printing office or am I not to go to the country at all and have 3½ months. Dr Chrystal and Mr Wilson will decide this since your opinion can afford us nothing now it being too late. I do not recollect by what vessel I wrote from the Clyde in April but I know it was among the first of them that sailed and its slowness of arrival cannot have been thro’ my negligence but has depended upon [interlined: other] causes which it is not in our power to regulate. The authors you have mentioned in the latter part of your letter for my perusal (I fear) are not within my reach; not that I mean the books themselves in the original cannot be obtained, but that the Greek authors (the others excepted and which I hope I shall do with some trouble) I am unable to peruse on account of my slight knowledge of the Greek language. Should I attempt it, it would deprive me of a great part of my time which (I think, but humbly) might be better employed. Two of the classes [interlined: of those] which you have determined to constitute the greater part of my study in the next College Session, to wit Practical Astronomy and Agriculture, no Lectures are delivered upon. There is a Professor for the former but his Lectures are regulated as to their deliverance by the number of students, which number has not been deemed sufficient since his appointment but should it happen in my favour I shall attend to them. I am the only boarder at home here [illegible – page damaged] of them having gone to their respective places during the summer months. Dr Chrystal is also out of town (in Dumbartonshire); he intends to return to-morrow. A letter came from you for him to day. Alexander Wilson Junior and Margaret and Helen have been in London. They returned a few days ago. Mr and Mrs Wilson are to make a tour in the Highlands and spend a month or two there. Mr Greenshields has his compliments to you. He requests my attendance at his country house frequently and receives me with his accustomed accost ‘Bon jour etc.’. My health continues good tho’ (as I have previously mentioned) not [illegible – page damaged] so stout as in Canada. Make my duty acceptable to mama and give my hand to brother and sisters. I shall write soon and believe me
Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
91 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
174. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 24th July 1818
Dear John,
I was favoured with your letter of 16th May last, which give us great pleasure to know that you were all well. We are all in health. Our mother, I think, is much in the same state as she was when you left us. I have letters frequently from Samuel; he is well. I am going off tomorrow to meet him at Dalmellington and we will return to Gatehouse and on our march try for trout and pike. I have no doubt of Sam. I think he will do well and I shall give him all the hints I can tending to his wellfare. In this country we have had an excellent Spring and Summer, very warm and expects early and plentiful harvest. I have intimated your wish to have a farm servant as good as Caughtrie and on the same terms, however none have yet fixed to go out this fall. When Samuel is here, him and I will have some tours over the Country and may perhaps find out one well recommended by good farmers. I am informed that William Palmer has bought 100 acres of land in the neighbourhood of Picktou [i.e. Pictou] and is doing well. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
P.S. Samuel or I will write in a short time. W. N.
175. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 24th July 1818
Dear Son,
I am still growing very frail and can [illegible – page damaged] little. My compliments to Mrs Neilson and family. I think Samuel will be a good boy, and I will give him my advice to be careful and no west nething[172] he can help. In your next tell me how your Dornald Earth and flowers are doing. Will has some trees from the seed of the apples sent us. Relations and acquaintances desire to be remembered to you.
Dear Son, Your Affectionate, Isabel Neilson
176. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 24th July 1818
Dear Father,
The Botanical and Mineralogical Lectures have given up and I shall leave town for Gatehouse on Monday [26th July] from which place my return will be lengthened out for 6 weeks. This is the last opportunity I shall have of writing you by Clyde ships but as there is a constant communication kept up between Gatehouse and Liverpool or some of the neighbouring towns, you will probably hear from me by the latest vessels. The vessel that bears this letter is the Sophia, Captain Moore, and is advertised to sail on the 25th.[173] The time for my return to Canada is on the approach and I wish to be acquainted of my
92 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 destinations at the close of the session in May 1819. Am I to visit London, or am I to sail from the Clyde? I have very little to tell you that is interesting which you may not have had opportunities of knowing. You will all be happy in learning that our connections and acquaintances in this country are prospering. They join in returning their respects to you. I received a letter from my uncle William a few days ago. He is endeavouring to find a fit person who wishes to go out to Quebec as a farmer for your own employ (I believe). Tho’ he does not expressly mention it, Mrs Forrester, the mother of a young man who went out to Canada and whom I have since learned you have taken to officiate in the house, speaks to me of her high obligations to you for the attention paid her son. I do not recollect having seen him. His sister sews for Mrs Chrystal occasionally. I seise the opportunity of writing mama to whom I have not written for a considerable length of time and I must desire you to apologise for this piece of negligence. To Margaret, Agnes [and] Frances give my love. Isabel I write to. Tell William I am always glad to hear from him and I shall expect a letter from him soon. He is still a debtor to me with respect to number and his debt ought to be cancelled. I send you two Newspapers which you will find as barren of news as they can with propriety be. I have read the Debates of your House of Assembly as well as the news of the country in the Quebec Gazette with much satisfaction. I find you have [interlined: been] chosen as representative for the county. I should like very much to know how the settlement at Valcartier is coming on and also how the farm at Cap Rouge is looking, if there be any improvements. The Scotchman must have created every thing. I am, with much respect,
Your dutiful Son, Samuel Neilson
P.S. I slept at Rosebank last night. Mr Greenshields returns you his compliments. Mr Wilson and family are out of town and will not return for some time but Alexander W. will send out as many of the types as possible by the autumn vessels. S. N.
177. Samuel Neilson Jr to Marie Neilson
Glasgow 24th July 1818 My dear Mother,
I hope you will forgive me for not writing sooner. I was very saddened to learn that your grandfather Mr Rioter of the Trois Rivieres had died a while ago. His age was so great that no one will have been surprised. I think he was 104 years old, an age which few of us will reach. I am still happy here and am doing well. It will soon be two years since I left Quebec; two years on the 2nd of August. It does not seem more than two years three months but I shall be very happy when I return. I have been on my own in the house for most of the summer, all the young people having gone home. I shall leave for Gatehouse, where all your friends are doing well. I hope the children are well. I will see them soon but I don’t know if I shall go to London before going to Quebec. In this way, I do not think I shall arrive in Quebec until September 1819. I wish you good health, and I am
Your very affectionate son, S. Neilson
178. Samuel Neilson Jr to Isabel Neilson Jr
Glasgow 26th July 1818
My Dear Sister,
I am beginning to think of the happiness I shall enjoy when once returned to Canada. I must acknowledge that I left it with great joy but that I return with still greater. It may pass unnoticed
93 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 here when a person speaks of the many privileges he exhilarates in so free a country as Britain among persons who have perhaps never been without the boundaries of their native country, at least their native country. But let all the encomiums lavished so liberally upon this country be what they may, I shall never be induced to think it preferable to the country which gave me birth. In point of commodities for life I confess they excel us but we are still in our infancy, and making daily improvements we bid fair in some years to coincide. With regard the necessaries of life we are in possession of them in as high a degree of perfection as they. They may know how to make a mince-pye or any little luxury better than we do. But these are mere superfluities which we shall be more than happy without. They may please the taste of the epicure or the lounger but will never constitute the food of a labouring man. Every draught of Canadian air is worth ten of Scotch air and if salubrity of air be productive of health and the enjoyment of health constitute happiness (which I believe is undisputed) we are by far the more happy. You may think all these arguments to prove the greater happiness of Canada (for I have been speaking all the time of the general happiness of both countries) are the effect of a biased judgement. If they are, they are not intentionally so – they must flow from me spontaneously biased and are as far as I know unprejudiced. But all this is nothing to the purpose, letters ought not to be the bearers of tedious discussions; they are the familiar representations of the thoughts of one friend to another and I must beg to be excused from trespassing upon your time with such absurdities. I hope that you have recovered your health during the summer in the country because in several of the letters from papa I was sorry to find that you did not fare as well as it might be wished. You should take sufficient exercise, which may be said to be the great remedy for all diseases. Early rising preserves a person healthy and in short nothing is so opposed to healthiness as inactivity. I must discontinue but not without wishing you the enjoyment of health. I am
Your affectionate brother, Samuel Neilson
179. Alex Wilson to John Neilson
Glasgow 6th August 1818
Sir,
You will herewith receive three boxes containing a part of your late order for mission, with the other sorts then ordered, also cases for the whole; the amount, as per annexed statement, being Seventy Eight Pounds 5/ 3½ British Sterling. We shall mention the amount of insurance and shipping charges in our next. Your Son will have transmitted you any news, in which you would be interested; he has long ago got free of all his complaints, and has gone now to the country to draw his breath before commencing his winter campaign. If his mind grows in strength with his body he will put to flight all the mathematical problems that can be brought against him in the Natural Philosophy next winter, and I sincerely hope he will be able to show you at Quebec many rewards of his labours. My Father and the rest of the family are at present in the country. I expect him, however, soon, when he will write you at greater length. In the meantime, I remain with much respect
Dear Sir, Your Obedient Servant, Alex Wilson
94 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
180. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Quebec 14th October 1818
My dear Samuel,
I wrote to you a few lines by Mr Whitlaw, your old Friend and Tutor, who is going home to spend the winter at the University of Edinburgh preparatory, I believe, to his being called to a Scotch Church at Kingston in upper Canada. I am sure you will shew him every attention and civility in your power. I dare say you will have been uneasy at being so long without hearing from us. Your mother and Isabel are rather negligent in writing, and I believe I may plead guilty to the same fault myself for some time back. I have however been intending to write by every opportunity and something has always intervened to prevent me. I now send you the newspapers which will give you some idea of what is going on in this part of the world; and also a letter from your mother. I shall write you particularly on the subject of your future conduct and return before the close of the navigation, also making the necessary remittances to Mr Taylor, only recommending to you at present to avoid all unnecessary expenses and to pursue your studies already pointed out, with the utmost diligence, with a view to every possible improvement and useful acquirement, consulting and being advised by Dr Chrystal, Mr Wilson, Mr Greenshields and all good friends. Mr Whitlaw may also give you some useful advice. I have been very busy this Summer, and I am afraid to little purpose. I have too much to attend to to do any thing well. Farm at Carouge, lands at Valcartier, Printing office, shop, Beudry, public bussiness, as a magistrate, Member of Assembly, of Learned Societies, Family etc. etc., all too much for one person to do justice to. I heartily wish you were back and well disposed and able, as I trust you will be, to help me. I shall, however, let you follow your own inclination, under the persuasion that when you have finished your studies you will seriously set your mind to make yourself as useful as possible, and provide by your exertions a decent and sufficient support, a task which devolves on every one when he arrives at a certain age. We are all in tolerable good health. Isabel, Agnes and Frances are constantly with their mother at Carouge. William and Margaret are in Town at school; William at Mr Wilkie’s, but not a boarder; Margaret at the Miss Dalrymples’, and making tolerable progress; William rather slow. I have built an addition to the Road at Carouge, in the [?rean]. I have put up a Farm House and a barn on the Riverside at Valcartier and have in it a farmer, his wife and 3 children from Muirkirk; John McCartney, recommended by Messrs Paterson Hain. There are now 11 houses of some sort on the settlement, and between 60 and 70 souls in all, apparently thriving. We have put up a saw mill above the bridge over the little river over old Cabout, where we eat [i.e. ate] our dinner once in the snow. Mr Stuart has a farm at the foot of the mountain, Isounonthuan, and I have about 20 arpents[174] cleared at the Riverside, end of the road, and on the north bank at the Great point opposite the Islets. I sowed some fall wheat last year which did well. I intend to send you samples of the produce for yourself and our friend Greenshields, to whom I wish to be particularly remembered. We have had a remarkably fine season and abundant crop of everything. My compliments to all friends and particularly to Mr Wilson and family. Tell Mr W. that I have received the Types and beg him to complete the order for this spring. Never do anything without thinking of the consequences and your duty to God and man, and so secure your happiness here and hereafter to the completion of the wishes of
Your affectionate father, J. Neilson
95 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
181. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 19th February 1819
Dear papa,
I allowed an opportunity to pass sometime ago in hopes of hearing from you before the vessel by which this letter goes to New York sailed but I find that I am obliged to write under the same circumstances and as no other occasion will present itself before the direct vessels to Quebec, I seize it. I should have wished to have heard from you so as to know your wishes on the subject of my return to Canada, whether or not you thought that my going out to some of the Northern ports of the United States and [interlined: then] travelling to Montreal etc. would be attended with benefit because if be not attended with benefit it is expense for no purpose and consequently would not be desireable. I should like it for my own very well to sail to New York and travel to some of the neighbouring towns and then sail up the Hudson through Lake Champlain and to Montreal. It is a country I have never seen and I have no doubt [interlined: it is] worth seeing but perhaps the loss of time would more than compensate it. However, I shall wait until the receipt of the letter where I expect to find my course marked out. I received your letter by the Greenfield and a box by the Hobert. The articles that it contained were in the state of a jelly with the exception of the indian corn, the wall nuts and the pomettes and beech nuts having by the shaking of the vessel or otherwise been all bruised. My uncle William wrote me on the 13th ultimo; they were all well. Grandmama had sprained her knee by a fall but it did not show any signs of a material injury. William informed me that he had found a farm servant and mentioned that I should not forget to tell you of it. His name seems to be Walter Edgar. He has been at the Park for some time; was there, I believe, at the same time as Coughtrie, who will be able to inform you of his character and capacity of filling the situation you are desirous he should be able to do. William thinks he is a very fit person and is said to be as good as Coughtrie himself. His age is twenty one; a good looking, stout made fellow. He will, if you think him fit, go out upon the conditions you suggested and as soon as he hears of your determination. I see that you have become a greater farmer and are one of the number who have been successful in the introduction of machines for the abridgement of labour. Without [i.e. unless] you derive more benefit from your exertions in that line than you did while I was in Canada, loss and not gain will be result. I think the money you laid out on the farm at Cap- rouge never brought interest. It is an amusement, however, as easily purchased and as pleasing as any other and may be the means of bringing agriculture to some degree of perfection tho’ I fear without [i.e. unless] the climate changes the benefit arising from it will never amount to any greatness. Upon the improvements in Agriculture certainly the wealth of any nation depends. I am as well as usual and at the classes which are tolerably well attended this year. I have to read a Latin oration on the 20th, to-morrow, before a meeting of all the gown students, principal and professors, in the common hall; the thought of which makes me quake. It has fallen to my lot and I am obliged to do it. The novelty of the situation and the persons to whom it is addressed being of the highest rank in literature, demands all the attention that I am capable of giving both with regard to external and internal composure. It is not an easy thing to read well when mounted for the first time in a pulpit amid so large [a] concourse of people nor it is [sic] a less easy thing to write a language so correctly without considering elegantly so that some one flaw may not be detected by persons whose whole lives have been devoted in the pursuit of classical knowledge. I have done my most and it can only be said that I have not done what it was impossible for me to do. Our friends here are well. Mr Greenshields has had a son; the child and its mother are faring well. The House of Haddow & Dale have failed and are in a state of insolvency for a sum of £140,000. I do not know if Mr Greenshields was connected with them; I hope not. They were his agent in Glasgow. Mr Allison arrived in town yesterday. He is to remained [sic] until his departure for Canada and has asked me if I would write by him. Mr Wilson etc. are well and desired to be remembered. I shall expect a letter from you daily and hope when favoured with a letter to hear that you are well. Give my love to mama, sisters and brother, all of whom I hope I shall soon see. I am Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
96 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
182. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 8th March 1819
My Dear papa,
Mr James Black, a young man from Quebec, has had the goodness to call upon me this day at the wish of Mrs General Shank and of whose attention towards me I cannot but speak highly. He has offered his services as the usual functionary tho’ the opportunity is not altogether favourable yet custom dictates that it should be seized. He is about to depart for Dublin. Whether he is to sail from there or not he has not informed me but he is to sail from this island in one of the first vessels for Quebec. I am rather surprised that no letters from you have reached me, particularly as you intimated that you were to write soon. I only wish that letters will be received by me shortly. I wrote you by the Fanny for New York about a fortnight ago and have since been able to collect little which may interest you. Of the prosperity of the nation at large, Ministers have given good accounts yet not without some committees for enquiry by the Whigs and Democrats, who have assumed somewhat a more dangerous tho’ not a less fierce and obstinate appearance occasioned by the appointment of a committee for the enquiry into the penal code relatively to capital punishments. On a division of the House, the majority for the original motion was nineteen. This triumph has elated them very considerably and perhaps may give rise to a few more meetings in spafields.[175] The election in Westminster has been carried by Lamb whose political principals are purely (I believe) whigish. His adversaries were Hobhouse and Major Cartwright, the latter of whom may with no disparagement be assimilated to the Upper Canada Gourlay.[176] With regard to private prosperity, it may generally be said that it is fair. The failures in Glasgow have been few and indeed the only one of any importance was that that [sic] of Haddow & Dale, which I think I mentioned in a preceding letter. I hence learned that Mr Greenshields has lost £1,000 by this misfortune. I have shown a wish to return home by way of New York in my last letter but I will be directed by you and adopt that course which you think preferable. I am very anxious to know your wishes because it must prove awkward to be placed here when the classes have terminated without any knowledge of what to do but what I may take upon myself from a conviction that it is proper. I wish I were able to finish the sheet but the meeting of the Roman Law class obliges me to stop. All our relations and friends are well and I wish you what is usual.
Your affectionate son, S. Neilson
183. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 8th March 1819
Dear John,
I embrace the opportunity of Lieutenant James Thomson, son of Mr Thomson writer Kirkcudbright, who is going to Quebec. We had a letter from Samuel about three weeks ago. He was well and informed us that he had a letter from you and a news paper containing the Quebec Agricultural Report. I am happy to know that Caughtrie has been successful Our mother has been lame since 9th January last. She happened to miss her feet and fell in her own room, and renewed the old sprain of her right knee and is not able to walk without a crutch. She has had a strengthening plaister [i.e. plaster] at it for four weeks, and at present it is bandaged. Dr Watson is of opinion the parts are so weak that it will require a long time before it gets well. She is pretty well in health otherwise and is this day drawing a thread on the old wheel. Our other Relations are well, viz. Margaret, Agnes, Nathaniel, Allan and their families. I had a letter from William Allan since he went to Jamaica. He was in health and in a good situation. William Palmer Junr. is still in the neighbourhood of Pictou. The Winter has been very open and the weather at present is good. The farmers are about to begin to harrow and us town folks are about sowing onions, setting pease and early cabbage.
97 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Charles and Janet have their Compliments. Cousin Janet has her compliments; and the Plaid for you is ready to go out with Samuel. Remember me to Mrs Neilson and family. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
184. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 8th March 1819
Dear Son,
I am sorry to inform you of my being lame since the 9th January last. I was ill before, but I am worse now, not able to walk without a crutch. You promised to write Charles, Ross and Nathaniel. You are so throng I doubt you will forget us all together. In all your labours be attentive to your health. I hope in a short time Samuel will be able to assist you, and may the wise director of us all watch over you and your family for good. I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
185. Alexander Wilson & Co. to John Neilson
Glasgow 1st April 1819
Mr Neilson Sir,
We have now to inform you that we have shipped in the Sally la Quebec Two Boxes containing the remainder of your Mission Fount, which we hope you will receive in good condition a few weeks hence. Annexed is full State of Accounts to this date, balance in our favour amounting to One Hundred and Sixty pounds 8 shillings and 8 pence, which you can remit when convenient. We have the pleasure to inform you that your Son has behaved himself very properly during the vacation here and has gained the respect of all who know him; and we hope Mrs Neilson and you will have great comfort in him. We see him pretty frequently, but not so often as we could wish. He is now beginning to look forward to the month of June, when he proposes to leave this country. We shall write you by him. Meantime with best wishes to you and your Friends. We remain
Your respectful servants, Alex Wilson & Sons
186. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 26th April 1819
Dear papa,
This delay in writing to you when opportunities have been offering themselves since the first of the month has originated in the expectations I entertained of receiving your promised letter detailing at some length your wishes in respect of my return to Canada. The only hints that I yet have had were that I should travel to Galloway round by Portpatrick to Ayr and Greenock and be in time to sail for Quebec or New York by the 25th May. These it will appear to you are rather
98 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 vague and I am in consequence very desirous of learning more of the matter. I hoped that by this time the reception of a letter would have enabled me to tell you the exact time of my leaving this country and that other necessary precautions which are to be taken upon such occasions would have been communicated to you. I must proceed upon these hints until I hear from you. I can only say that I shall sail as nearly the time you have stated as possible if no other information from you reaches me. New York on the whole would perhaps be the best direction for Canada. In the months of June and July the winds are west and the passages to Quebec in general eight or ten weeks owing to the delay occasioned in the St Lawrence by the tides. The passage to New York would only be 5 weeks and in a fortnight, by means of the steamboats, I might have reached Quebec, a period of time shorter than the general passage up the Gulph. Besides, the cities of the United States must have attained great perfection and the country which must afford at least some thing for more contemplation or the acquisition of a tolerable knowledge of its nature and fertility. I shall then, without future occurrences take place, sail for New York between the 25th & 30th May. I am not, however, without the hopes of hearing of your wishes before that time and their tendency will point the best mode of return. I have been in suspense for some weeks part owing to a determination (partly from the advice of Dr Chrystal and my own thoughts upon the subject) to take a degree in Arts. It is customary after having gone through the philosophy classes to confer upon such as show themselves fit by a profession of Latin, Greek, Logic, Ethics, Physics and Mathematics a diploma constituting them ‘artium magister’. To undergo the examination properly is a matter of some importance and requires considerable assiduity. I have passed upon Thursday last after being in the chair about 2½ hours and am to be crowned this day (Tuesday) at 3 o’clock. This is a matter of mere form and nothing more is requisite than to kneel down while the principal puts a velvet cap or crown upon your head; you are then exhorted by him to prosecute your studies and welcomed by the other professors severally accompanied by a shake of the hand. This act, independent of your advice, I hope will meet with your approbation. I intended to have informed you had I thought of it sooner than I did. I did not determine before the middle of March, afraid that the time was too short for the necessary preparations [interlined: I said nothing] that this mark [illegible – page damaged] be of any utility to me I have no reason to [illegible – page damaged] nor would any such hope be relished. It can only be a proof of my attendance at the University at best and I wish that the knowledge of my possessing it be restricted to us, the family, as failure where great expectations are raised, experience informs us, heightens severity of censure. The University takes the means of making it public here by an open promulgation in the several newspapers. I heard from Gatehouse a few days ago. The farm servant who offered himself to go out to you seems now to be unwilling. Your brother, however, has found out another whom he thinks equal if not preferable to any servant in the county. He obtained several prizes from the Agricultural Society last year and will go out upon the same terms that Coughtrie went out. Uncle talks of his going out with me, if I should return to Quebec direct. At any rate he will sail about the 1st June; his name is William Clarke. I shall write in a few days from Gatehouse or *Edinburgh, which last place I am going to see before I visit Galloway. Hoping to hear what your advices in these matters which I can assure are thought far preferable to any I myself can obtain. I finish by desiring you to give my love to mama, sisters and brother, all of whom with yourself I hope to find in good health at Cap Rouge in July. I am
Your son, S. Neilson
*I shall remain only 3 or 4 days in Edinburgh.
187. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 11th May 1819
Dear papa,
I send you as you requested a duplicate of a letter to you a few days back. The information I have been able to collect concerning my return to Canada is very favourable. Mr Taylor, with
99 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 whom I supped last night, says that the vessels from Liverpool possess superior accommodation and are able to bear a storm without any fear of failure in any material point, [and] that they are commanded by well versed and civil captains, so that the treatment that I may receive or the risk I am about to run is much diminished. This is no doubt owing to these vessels being regular packets, an advantage also which assures one of a number of fellow passengers, if that be accounted desirable, and a determined day of sailing. On learning these things, I asked Mr T. if it was not necessary to take the precaution of taking a good birth [i.e. berth]. He told me it was and has been so good as to write to a branch of that house at Liverpool for the purpose. So that I have taken my passage and the day of sailing is fixed for the 1st day of June on which day I shall be in Liverpool. I have been detained in Glasgow on account of Dr Chrystal not having collected the several accounts due by me to the Taylor etc. etc. This is now done and I have drawn the money on Mr Taylor for their payment. I am going [to] Edinburgh immediately and there to Galloway from where I shall go to Liverpool by the mail to be ready for sailing. The passage is 20 days to 25 days so that if I be active in going through the States I may be in Quebec by the 2nd or 3rd July. I have been doing little or nothing since the college gave up with the exception of a little private reading, chiefly disjoined. Gathering such articles as are to be packed and going to see such acquaintances as I think it my duty to call upon have employed the rest of my time, so that I have led a very useless week. Our friends here are all well. Mrs and Mr Wilson and family, to whom I am so much indebted, continue to pay me every possible attention and deserve from me the most grateful acknowledgment. In what manner this would be well done I cannot say. With the rest of our acquaintances I have to say the same. In short, if by any means I’ve incurred their displeasure certainly the provocation must have been great and is a sign of some gross insult towards them on my part which I am sure, however, I have not knowingly given rise to. The weather has been rather unfavourable for some weeks back, yet the season was so far advanced previous to its setting in that the leaves are all out, the pear, plum and apple trees in blossom, and those crops which more immediately concern the husbandman in a very forward state. The winter has been mild. The commercial state of the country seems tolerable. The political state has lately been very violently agitated by the promulgation of some persons intention to lay before the House of Commons the Catholic question which has for its end the admittance of the papists into public employments of trust and the enjoyment of being returned to parliament. Remonstrances from the universities of England and other bodies of men were lent to the crown and laid upon the table of the Commons. Mr Grattan, an Irish member, proposed the question upon Monday last. After some speaking on both sides, the division requested the bill by a majority of two votes. This is an approximation which gives one to expect its success upon another proposal.[177] It is difficult to learn how this question stands among the public. The natural aversion which Scotsmen have to Catholics from the circumstances in which they were once placed may assure us that its rejection is the wish of every Presbyterian. In England, where there are more dissenters (who are placed in the same situation as the Catholics) and where there is in general shown more liberality and a greater inclination to justice, one would be inclined to think that the majority of that part of the kingdom is in favour of question. In Ireland there can be no doubt of the matter; yet this is one of the many instances that we see carried into execution a design which is opposite to the wish of the people. The farm servant you spoke to me of, I think from the information that my uncle has given me, will leave this [country] about the 1st of June. He is a man of capacity in his line. In hope of seeing you all well in July. I give my love to mama, sisters and brothers.
Yours son etc., S. Neilson
It is probable that I will not write again until I reach New York. S. N.
100 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
188. William Chrystal to John Neilson
Glasgow 24th May 1819
My dear Sir,
This is meant to be handed to you by your son, who I hope will arrive safe and fulfil every expectation you have formed of him. Except the slow fever he had in spring 1818, he has enjoyed uninterrupted health, and as his habits have been regular and correct he is free of every vice so far as I know or have reason to believe. I have had occasion to be more satisfied with him as he has grown up, and particularly during last session of College, when his application has been much more intense and his proficiency corresponding. I am not aware that any thing you recommended has been omitted with the exception of his attending a printing office. This I left chiefly to the charge of Mr Wilson, with whom I had several conversations on the subject. He seemed to think it rather out of Mr Samuel’s way while he was a student to employ himself in an office of that kind, and judged that the advantage to be derived would not much exceed what your own establishment must afford. As to the rate of Board – you recollect our agreement was £120 if he had a room to himself or £100 if he had a room-fellow, which last alternative you restricted to a certain age. Since he began to write essays etc. we judged it quite necessary that he should be alone, how ever much we were crowded otherwise; and altho’ we gave him this indulgence all along, we did not charge the higher rate till this last year, as the accounts will show. The only other young man we have received since he came, and who had a similar accommodation, has paid at the rate of 140 guineas per annum. As he has been so long under our roof we cannot but feel a deep interest in all that concerns him. He leaves us with our best wishes that every thing good may attend him, and that you and Mrs N. may continue to enjoy much domestic comfort and prosperity is the very sincere wish of Mrs C. and of
Dear Sir, Your obedient servant, William Chrystal
189. Samuel and William Clark to William Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 24th May 1819
Sir,
We have borrowed and received from you the sum of Five pounds in cash to assist in fitting Samuel out for Quebec, which sum jointly and evenly will pay on demand, and to be extended on a stamp if required. We are
Sir, your most obedient Servants, Samuel Clark William Clark
[Written at the bottom of the letter in William Neilson’s hand:]
Gatehouse 21st April 1823. Mr J. Neilson has settled the above Five pounds. Will Neilson
101 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
190. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 24th May 1819
Dear John,
Your son Samuel arrived in this place on Saturday last in good health and will set out for Liverpool on Thursday next to sail for New York 1st June. The bearer is Samuel Clark, a farm servant for you on the same terms as Richie. He has a good character in this place and an excellent servant. I trust he will continue so with you. He has a letter from John Brown [of] Enrick and Rainton. I have advanced him five pounds Sterling to assist him to pay his passage, and I believe he has a few pounds from his Father. When he may have it in his power you will direct him how to remit. We are all in our usual way except our mother who is still unable to walk without a crutch and I am affraid will continue so. I wrote you two months ago by Mr Thompson from Kirkcudbright informing you of our mother’s situation. While Samuel was in the country we had the opportunity of hearing of you and family frequently, this channel is at a close and your Mother expects that you will be attentive in writing frequently and not forget. I saw Margaret, Agnes and Nathaniel and their families a few days ago. They are well and desire to be remembered to you. We have a very fine spring and summer. Have my compliments to Mrs Neilson and family. I am
Dear John, Your affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
191. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Gatehouse 24th May 1819 Dear papa,
The bearer is Samuel Clarke, the farm servant whom William has made choice of as fit for your purpose out of many who have presented themselves. The general character of this man from what I have been able to collect is very favourable and the letters which I believe he possesses in support of this from very respectable persons in the neighbourhood will enable you to put trust in him. I have written this letter at the request of my uncle and I am happy being able to say so as I think it would be doing more than I am willing and I am sure than you would wish.
Yours affectionate son, Samuel Neilson
Your mother, who is now beside [interlined: me], desires that I should mention your neglect towards her in regard to writing her. She is not indisposed but from the fall she unfortunately met with sometime back is obliged to use a crutch which renders [her] unfit for the performance of any little business she was accustomed to. S. N. [The next letter John Neilson received from his son was from Montreal, Samuel having successfully made the passage from Liverpool to New York; he arrived in New York on the 8th July, the passage having taken 37½ days.[178]]
192. John Brown to John Neilson
Enrick 26th May 1819
Dear Sir,
The bearer of this (Samuel Clark) is the son of William Clark my best plowman, whom you saw here last time you were in this country. He is induced to venture across the Atlantic, hearing
102 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 of the good fortune of Coughtrie, the servant who went with you from this neighbourhood. As he was for sometime with me here as a plowman along with his father, I can truly say that I consider him to be a very sober, active and industrious young man, and well deserving of a good master, which I have no doubt he will find in you. He has been these last two years servant with Mr Sproat of Rainton in this parish who has also a high opinion of him and is very sorry to part with him. At the plowing match here last year he gained the first prize, among twenty competitors, and even though his father (William Clark) was one of them he only got the second prize. He may be considered therefore one of the best plowmen in Galloway. As he is healthy and correct and regular in his habits, I trust he will do well in your Country, and as he is a very young man he will the more readily fall in with any kind of work or mode of management which you have that may be different from what he has been accustomed to here. I shall be very happy to hear that he affords you satisfaction and behaves prudently for himself. I am
Dear Sir, Yours sincerely, John Brown
193. Alexander Ross to John Neilson
Society Hall 24th July 1819
My Dear Sir,
Mr John Law, late Teacher in the Family of Captain MacDougal Esquire of Dilsdawn, is going to Upper Canada to a Friend of Mrs MacDougal whose name the young man will inform you. If you can be of any service to him by your advice, or otherwise, I shall take it very kind. We return you our thanks for your compliments of Apples, which Agnes says were of a superior quality – as for myself, not being a lover of Fruit, cannot pretend to be a Judge. I have looked these two years by past for a letter from you (according to promise) giving an account of your voyage across the Atlantic, your safe arrival in Canada, in what state you found your Family and affairs on your arrival – but all to no purpose. Springfield and I have therefor concluded that you seem to verify that degrading Proverb, out of sight out of mind. Your son Samuel did not call here before he left this country. I had no knowledge either of his arrival in Galloway or of his sailing for Canada until he was about a month on board. Our affairs in the Old World are not so prosperous at present as we would wish. The Political Horison in the north of Europe is rather cloudy. We have upwards of eighty thousand operative weavers at this moment out of employ. Parliament has voted fifty thousand pounds in order to emigrate as many as possible, to the Cape of Good Hope. Our crops in the lower districts this year appear to be above an average, but the higher have been much injured by the heavy rain which fell early in the season; but I must at present study brevity as the young man is on his way to take shipping. When you give me in your letter an account of what is going on in the New World, I shall be more prolix in my next in giving you the History of the times in the Old. Our aged Mother at Gatehouse have of late been poorly in health, but have got better. All your friends in Galloway are in their ordinary [way]. Robert Palmer, Teacher in Southwick, have got Married. Springfield and Agnes have got each a Son since you were here. Charles McKeand called here this week on his way to Springfield to inquire about his Brother Alexander, who died in Jamaica in March last.[179] Agnes joins with me in her love and best wishes to you, your wife, and Family, and shall be viry happy to here [i.e. hear] from you as soon as possible. I remain
Dear Sir, Yours sincerely, Alexander Ross
103 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
194. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse of Fleet 2nd January 1820
Dear Samuel,
I have been rather long in writing, you will excuse. I was favoured with yours from Liverpool, at sea, New York and from Quebec two letters, the first after your arrival and the other dated in November last, and since two newspapers giving a full account of the proceedings of the Agricultural associations in Canada. I am happy to o[b]serve that Caughtrie and Clark are doing well. I have informed their relations here of their success. Their friends are well and desire to be to be [sic] remembered to them. My compliments to them both. In your first letter from home you desire I should send you 4 or 5 pair of shoes for country use, which I will attend to and you will point out the way that they should be forwarded in the Spring. Here I give you a receipt [i.e. recipe] for making shoe blacking for strong shoes: ½ Tallow and ½ Whaleoil with a small portion of lampblack warmed together, not too hot, and used with a small brush, celebrated for [?bog] shoes in all climates. And for fine shoes: take 10 ozs Ivory black, 16 Gills boiling water or beer, 1 lb molasses, ¼ oz. copperas, ½ Gill sweet oil, 6 Gills vinegar and ½ Gill vitriol, the vitriol to be put in after the others are properly mixed, and stir in till it leaves over boiling with the vitriol. I have nothing new to make known to you. They have been making new laws to counteract the radicals and I think you are as well out of Glasgow as they are not in a satisfied state in that quarter. We have a hard frost at present and curling going on and likely to continue for some time. I was at Loch Grannoch last summer with Carson, McLellan and Provost Brown. We travelled all night and commenced fishing about 3 o’clock in the morning. The day was very warm and calm but I give some of them sad [illegible – page damaged]. Carson desires to be remembered to you. You will let your Father know that your Grandmother is better than she ever expected to be and is now able to walk about, spins and do little things in her usual way. Cousin Janet, after a lingering illness, departed this life and I attended her funeral on the 22nd of last month to the Church yard of Kirkchrist. I am in expectations of having about this time a letter from your father. Your Grandmother desires you to tell him that she thinks he has forgot her athegether[180] in his throng a farming but expects you will not forget her every time you write, ye dedna[181] mention her in your last. For your attention in writing and giving me the news, accept my thanks. My Compliments to papa and family. I am anxious at all times to know how you all are. Uncle, Aunt and Bell are well and desire to be remembered to you and family. Samuel McMenzies and family are well and have their compliments. I am
Dear Samuel, Yours affectionately, Will Neilson
P.S. Be not long in writing. S. Clark’s Father said he would write to his son about this time.
195. Alexander Wilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Glasgow 5th January 1820
Dear Samuel,
I am almost ashamed to be now only acknowledging the receipt of your two letters. I would have wrote to you long ere this, but waited at first to collect news, and when I now take up my pen to retail them I find that great part of what has happened since we parted has escaped my memory. I have however, later, as you may see, a large sheet of Paper in hopes that the Goddess of News will inspire me till it expires. Before proceeding further, like a true man of business I must deliver a message from my Father to be again delivered to your Father. He desires me to say that he duly received his letter
104 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 of the 10th November inclosing Bill for £100 and that according to desire he paid to Messrs John McNaught & Co. the sum due them which amounted to £50.16.7.0. After all this we remain in your Father’s debt. My Father would have written to Mr Neilson himself, but thought that my mentioning the above to you would answer all purposes. He desires to be kindly remembered to him. Opere peracto ludemus,[182] as we used to say at school. Your letter by J. Spence gave me great pleasure. It amply made up for the apologising tone of the former. Were I to follow your example, the whole of the two first pages of this should be occupied in offering apologies for my most culpable silence. As I know that a budget of these wafted across the Atlantic would be of little use or amusement to you, I shall endeavour to make up for my past transgressions by hawking up all the news that I am master of. When I begin to collect my scattered thoughts I find that the news-boundary is more limited than might be imagined at first, the four first months of our separation, viz. June, July etc., are always dull to a person who resides in Glasgow; you have some experience of this. To me they were dull in an especial manner this year. I wish, therefor, to blot them from the page of my memory. About the beginning of October we look forward to the return of the bustle of a Session. This year there is a great defficiency of our old companions, among the rest we find the loss of you and Weston particularly. Drummond, Dundass, Robertson are the only ones that you may know anything about; next year they too will be gone so I must scrape up acquaintances elsewhere. No crackers now! nor bell pulling! no Waterloo panorama![183] Nor Mulikataroni![184] O temporas O mores![185] I am now the only sad remnant of the noble Pyrotecknic Society – my pestle and mortar have, however, ceased to grind, there being little pleasure in making a noise by oneself. You must have seen from Papers from this country that a spirit of discontent has been very prevalent among the lower orders of society owing to the stagnation of trade and consequent want of employment. The People (I dare say with a good deal of truth on their side) attribute their distress to the imense load of debt, and going a step further, to a bad existing administration, and still further, to a want of biennial Parliaments and universal suffrage, and till at last the[y] have arrived at the sad extreme: annual Parliament and vote by ballot and even liberty and Equality. They have been styled Radicals (ab imis radicibus).[186] The name Radical has operated so powerfully on the minds of men here that there is nothing now but the ‘din of drums’. Corps of Yeomanry, Sharpshooters, armed associates [and] Volunteers are starting to arms in every part of the Country. The public mind has been kept in an unnecessary ferment for some time. Rumour has been added to rumour, reports have been increasing by the square of the desperate designs of the Radicals. We hear of their having determined that what has been formerly low shall now be exalted, such as a sweep ascending the Throne or a band of lamp-lighters being made Peers of the realm. We hear too that they have been so kind as to portion out the estates in the country, so that by their agrarian law a Lord may find himself in hislittle-house [187] instead of his Palaces. They have even reduced him to nature’s last extreme by sometimes denying him this. I do not on the whole credit these reports to their full extent. I certainly think, however, that a very dangerous spirit was manifested in the country, a spirit subversive of all government which, but for the prompt measures of ministry and well disposed, might have gained considerable ground. So much for the Radicals, I must now speak of the anti-radicals. I have told you above of the general disposition to rise to arms. Not to be particular, there are 3 bodies of volunteers raising in Glasgow: 1st the Yeomanry Cavalry, who amount to about 100 men; 2nd the Glasgow Sharpshooters; 3rd the Armed Association. The Sharpshooters muster about 800, and the association about 600. You see that in point of number, our Corps are very respectable, as being myself a member of the Sharp Shooter Corps.[188] Unless you can imagine one blushing, it scarcely becomes me to say that in appearance it is a most excellent body. Though to be sure, some of the parts considered separately are rippish enough, yet as whole we make a most capital appearance. Sir Hussey Vivian[189] reviewed us t’other day and expressed himself to the above effect. Anderson is likewise in the corps; we are both longing to cut a dash in our uniform some of these days. It is a green coat of Jacket, neatly ornamented with silk twist, green trousers, and belts and buckles etc. etc.[190] We every day expect the arrival of our rifle guns from London. You would be quite struck with our martial appearance and commanding aspects, tho’ to be sure we are only privates consequently commanded. Mr Davidson is in the Cavalry with his long sword, sadle, bridle, spur and per is quite metamorphosed. Charles Grace, even laying aside the gravity of his wonted deportment, is now quite en militaire – he is [a] member of the armed association. He gives Patrick command to conjugate a verb with the authoritative tone of a Field Marshal. We are all drilling without intermission, nothing is to be heard but shoulder arms right face. I shall however dismiss this subject now.
105 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
I was amused to hear of your frequent exhibitions in the dancing way. Your faculties in that respect lay quite dormant here. We shall remember to demand your services at the first country dance we have here in the Drawing room when you return again. Dennistoun and J. Laurie were calling on me last night. The[y] desired me to remember them to you. D. is a mighty dandy. A great part of his conversation consists in cursing his Taylor and Boot maker. To hear him, one would imagine his Taylor’s fault was making his coat too wide and that [a] Strait Jacket would suit him best. Saving this, he is a good enough fellow. Rathbone and Phillips have left the College; you may imagine how inconsolable Miss J Young is for the departure of the former. Natson is at College. He has been laid up since he came with a fever. He is now, however, able to go out. Rose is married to a mason. She may be said to have got a p-ck, and he to have got a place to put his tool, so I suppose they have both got what they wanted. John Miller is at Oxford. James Mylne and Veitch have got the two late vacancies there.[191] Veitch will reflect little honour on the choice of the University; his coat will gain him particular attention, being a pat[t]ern of Taylorship. Mr Meiklejohn is fast approaching to the designation of an articulate-speaking man, and what is better to a reasonable being. [Illegible – page damaged] the high Idea he had of himself which is a considerable step to improvement. Andrew is busy driving the Quill. He desires me to remember him affectionately to you. I am going on in the usual jog trot way. I find that I am beginning to waver in my narative, so I judge it prudent, before betraying myself further, to put a stop to this long-winded Epistle. To hear of your wellfare and prosperity by letter will always give us all great pleasure. We would, however, be more pleased, if consistent with your future views, to hear and see the same from yourself in person. We will in the meantime look forward to that time, with pleasing anticipation, when on again seeing each other, the days of the time past will be revealed to our memory; and when our former pranks will be the subject of conversation. I will write you soon again, and hope that you will give me the pleasure of hearing from you. My Father, Mother, Sisters and Brother desire to be kindly remembered to you Father and you. I remain
Dear Samuel, Yours very sincerely, Alexander Wilson
P.S. Patrick has just given me intelligence of Mr Meiklejohn having presented his Spouse with a Son: a good demonstration of his Pendulum or prime Conductor.
196. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 31st March 1820
Dear John,
I was favoured with yours 31st January last. We were happy to know that you were all well. Our mother’s knee is much better and is at present able to step about, though at times very much troubled with the cough and very weakly but on the whole well considering her age and, of course, infirmity. In this letter she will add a few lines herself. Charles, Janet and Bell are well. They had a reading of your letter. Mr Ross and family are recovering; the children have had the chincoughs.[192] They had a child, Agnes, a few months old who died during the winter. Margaret and family are well; at home, two sons and a daughter. They had [a] letter from William from Pictou. It said he was well and doing well (you might write him and get the news). Robert is married and still teaching at Southwick. Nathaniel and family are well; children all at home. They had a young one the other day, particulars I have not heard. Sister Mary’s daughter and two children are well. William Allan, her son, is in Jamaica and doing well. Have my compliments to Mr Samuel and say I was well satisfied with his attention in writing on his course homewards. I think I received all his letters. I wrote him in January last. Let him know David Dryburgh[193] has the shoes nearly finished and will forward them whenever I have a sure conveyance. He said he would desire Captain Rayside to write me or any other Captain
106 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 that he might think proper, which I shall attend to. Remember me to Clark and Caughtrie; say their relations are well. Old Clark gained the first premium at the Cally ploughing match this season. I had your compliments to Mr J. Brown; has his and expects to have a letter from you. Samuel McMenzies and family are well and desires to be remembered to you and Mr Samuel. All kinds of food is at present at a low price, a fortunate circumstance when there are so many out of employ. I hope the change in Spain will be in favour of trade. They have nearly completed a grand revolution in that Country; their King has taken the oath to the constitution of the Cortes of 1812.[194] The dungeons of the Inquisition are no more, the Grand Master of that order is dismissed, and the change nearly finished without much bloodshed, and now they have a representative form of Government. So much for the divine right of Kings and the Holy Alliance, obsolete pretensions. I am sorry to say I had it not in my power to make your compliments to Cousin Jannet. As I mentioned in my letter to Samuel, she died last winter after several months pretty severe sickness: a cough and a shortness of breath. However, should you have found out the strange thing you mentioned that you were looking for in your Kintra,[195] it would be very well received by her family. Old High Ardwell came in to see our mother the other day. He looked wonderfully well to be above eighty years of age. There is nothing new here worth mentioning. We continue much in the same way as when you left us. Election business going on. Mr Murray of Broughton started for a representative in opposition to Dunlop, who was formerly the member for the County.[196] However, Murray has given up till next election. The members for parliament are nearly returned much the same as they were formerly, though not altogether so many of the Borough mongers.[197] I expect to hear from you or Samuel in a short time with all the news. Janet and Charles have their compliments to you and Samuel and family. My compliments to Mrs Neilson and family. Mention me to Cowan, Bennett and Roy and any who may enquire for me. Carson will know things are going well in Spain. The warning you gave me I observed: corruption when entrenched behind the sacred battlements of the church must be mum. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
197. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 31st March 1820
Dear Son,
I am very frail and it may be the last time I may have the opportunity of addressing you. I trust you will not be overly anxious about worldly affairs and request you will continue to give your wains[198] good instructions in the concerns of the next, as well as the present world. Cousin Jannet is gone, but a small present from you to some of her Daughters would be respected. Janey is the only one of the family who is convenient and renders me great assistance in my frail situation. Should you think of any little thing as a present it would please very much. Have my compliments to all the family and Samuel in particular and tell him he forgot his compliments to me in his last. He mind me beth bi sea and lan till he wan hame; never mine.[199] I wish you all prosperity and happiness. I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
107 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
198. John Greenshields to John Neilson
Rosebank 5th April 1820
My dear Sir,
I wrote you a long letter day before yesterday, by the Reverend Mr Harkness. The present is for the purpose of enclosing the newspaper of yesterday, to show you what a set of Radical rascals we have in this District. Our good old Constitution probably does stand in need of some little repair, but it is mortifying to observe the present attempts to demolish it altogether.[200] The fabric that would be erected on its ruins, by such rude hands, I fear would form but an unsatisfactory substitute. That these disaffected people are partially armed there can be no doubt; and I yesterday witnessed the unpleasant sight of a squad of about forty of them drilling within a few hundred yards of my House – but without arms. I confess that I begin to be ashamed of the conduct of my countrymen. I have sent you a few papers by the Rebecca in a separate parcel. Remember me kindly to Sam; and Believe me
Yours truly, J. Greenshields
199. William Palmer Jr to John Neilson
[?Wadhanes] Iselands 16th June 1820
Dear Uncle,
I take the upertunity of a vessal going from hear up to Quebec to let you know that I am still alive. I have kept my health very well ever since I sa[w] you. I am geting on better than ever I expected. When I wrote you before I had a poor op[in]ion of Pictou but when I became acquanted better with the place I found that ther was no danger of any [illegible]. My old Master and me ar know [i.e. now] in paterinship [i.e. partnership]. We bought a small vessel about 40 tones last year. We are know [i.e. now] on a fishing voyage hear. Last summer I was trading and fishing in his. We have caught 200 Base Herring this spring and caried them to Pictou and bark [i.e. embark] on a cod fishing voiage. I had letters from home not long ago and all my friends ar all well excepting my Grand mother. She is very poorly. If I knew of any thing that would pay fr[e]ight I would go up to Quebeck and see you. Be so good as write me and let me know how fish and plaster of Paris sells ther. No more at present but remain yours truly,
William Palmer
Ther is non[e] in Pictou of the same Name so you cant go rong in my adress.
200. William Chrystal to John Neilson
Glasgow 23rd October 1820
Dear Sir,
I was favoured with your kind letter long ago and hearing of a friend who is just about to cross the Atlantic commit to his care a few lines in reply. We are gratified by the polite way in which you are pleased to express your satisfaction as to our treatment of Mr Samuel while he was under our roof. I may be allowed to say that our best endeavours were not awanting.
108 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
By the vouchers sent, you will have seen that all our claims of a pecuniary kind were punctually settled, altho’ part of this remained to be done after Mr S’s departure. There is little change in our family since you saw us except what is produced among people by the lapse of a few years. William is in a mercantile house since July 1818. James has just gone to College. Andrew and Alison are at the Grammar School. Robert [interlined: the youngest], now five years old, is about going to the English school and the girls are at school of various kinds. We have fewer young gentlemen in the house than formerly owing to the state of our own family and none of those are with us whom you saw when you were here. We have had great additions made to our city of late years and among the rest a handsome Grammar School immediately behind the former and in the line of Richmond Street. But owing to the general depression of trade much of the property built remains unlet by which the builders ([illegible – page damaged] many of them) have become bankrupt. I need hardly refer to our great political question, the Queen’s trial, of which you must see enough in our newspapers, and which is unfortunately involving the whole kingdom, and must be productive of the worst passions. I have only time and room to offer our best respects to you and Mr Samuel in which Mrs C. and the family beg to unite and to assure you that I am
My Dear Sir, Your obliged humble Servant, William Chrystal
201. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse of Fleet 1st April 1821
Dear Samuel,
I was favoured with yours of 12th November last which informed me that you had received the Box containing the articles and that they pleased. I received per Captain Rayside the £3 and the £1 which settled the whole. Should any be wanted in future I will do what I can to forward by any Captain you may point out. Your Grandmother had a letter from your Papa a few days later than yours to me. I was happy to know that you were all well, and trust in God for a continuance and that health and happiness may long attend the family; and above all to be friendly and cheerful with each other, and observing care and industry as being the way to independence and comfort. I am sorry to say that on Tuesday last, the 27th instant, our friend Alexander Brown Esq., Fleet Street, died very suddenly in bed, the supposed cause to be a lodgement of blood in the head. [He] was interred yesterday; the funeral was attended by a great many people. He was cousin to the late great Professor Brown, Edinburgh.[201] My Mother had a visit of the Reverend Honourable Charles Stewart,[202] one of the Galloway family who has been with you in Canada and intends to return this summer. He is in expectation of a situation in Quebec. My mother desires if you or your father could be of any service to him that you would not withhold it, as she is much pleased with his attention and thinks him a fine man. He promised to call at your place on his return. Your aunt here has her compliments and requests if it could be convenient for you to send in a small box with any of the Captains to Greenock as much furr skin as would be a muff for winter cold. We have had a very fine Winter here, very little frost or snow. The latter end of this month has been rather stormy, wind, rain, frost and snow. Cairnsmoor still seen white from your old bed room window, where I am now writing. The wet has been against putting the seed into the ground though a number had sown in the month of February on the Shire lands. Rem[em]ber me to Samuel Clark; tell him that his father and family are well and into a new house above Enrick on the old road to Gategill opposite to the copper mine out of which they are paying themselves well, that is the Company.[203] Clark’s father received his letter soon after I received yours and the family are thankful to you for the attention you have shewn him, and he says in his letter if it had not been for young Mr Neilson he would have lost heart. The public news are somewhat interesting: the Queen’s affair is in some measure lost sight off;[204] the Catholic [interlined: Bill] is read a second time in the House of Commons and likely to pass in that house.[205] It is reported that the Austrians and Neapolitans have had a great battle
109 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 in the neighbourhood of Rome and that the Austrians were defeated; and by the Times London Paper of this day a report is that the Austrians are in full march to Naples.[206] A few days will bring correct information. Compliments to you from Grandmother, Aunt, Charles, S. McMenzies and family and James Carson. In your next letter let me have a hand sketch plan of the country round Quebec shewing barns, Rivers and Lakes for 15 or 20 miles round. I am
Dear Samuel, Yours Affectionately, Will Neilson
P.S. Farm produce of all kinds at present are very low in price: meal 1/8 per stone, oats 2/ per Bushel, wheat 6/ per Bushel, Barley 2/9. Drovers McLellans, Gordons, Farmers, Bankers are all failing in large sums; the Country is in a bad state; where it will end I know not. W. N.
202. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson and Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse of Fleet 1st April 1821
Dear John and Samuel,
I am at all times anxious for your wellfare. We have been of late in this neighbourhood surprised with unexpected and sudden deaths, that of Mr Brown and many others, and without any arrangements of their affairs much to the hurt of their families. I hope you will keep in mind how uncertain creatures we are. I have been very frail during the winter. I am thankful that I am still able to get out of bed though very ill with the cough and weakness of limbs but in hope the spring will help me a little. You will not neglect to write frequently as you have vessels leaving your place often during summer. Samuel, I expect you will continue to be a good boy and I am well pleased with your attention to Samuel Clark. Springfield, Mr Ross and John Brown have their compliments. I am
Dear John and Samuel, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
203. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 19th May 1821
Dear John,
Our Mother and I wrote you and Samuel in the month of March last by the Packet.[207] Since that period nothing new has occurred. We are all in tolerable health. Our mother is at times much troubled with the cough, but able in good weather to take a walk in the garden. I hope this will find you all in good health. My Mother, Charles, Janet and I request you to give every information and assistance in your power to the two Messrs Sproats, John and Adam, who will call on you with this letter. [They] are distant relations of ours and nephews to Mr Sproat of Rainton, young men well educated and most respectful characters as any in the Parish of Borgue, now caused to push their fortune on account of the failure of the Drovers McLellans our old schoolfellows.[208] John is an excellent farmer and would wish to follow that business. Adam has been mostly at education and wishes to get into a store as a clerk. Whatever way they may wish to proceed be pleased to point out to them the most likely methods for their success; as they are strangers in Canada your information and knowledge of the country may be of essential service to them. I hope Samuel will shew the men the Agricultural improvements going on in your neighbourhood and that he will write me frequently by the returning vessels
110 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 all the news. Samuel Clark and Ritchie’s friends are well. The Messrs Sproats will be able to give you the news and what is going on in this part of the Country. My Mother, Charles, Janet and I have our compliments to you and family. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
204. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 8th February 1822
Dear Son,
I am anxious to hear from you. I expected as usual that I would have been favoured with a letter from you or Samuel about oldnewyearsday[209]but none have arrived, which gives me a little uneasiness as I am at all times happy to hear of you and your family, but as the weather has been unusually stormy last season vessels carrying letters may have been lost. I have been for a long time in a very weakly state of health and still continues. God only knoweth when he may be pleased to call me from the concerns of this state, but must wait patiently on his will. I hope you will not neglect to write as soon as you receive this letter as it gives me pleasure to hear from you, and has a tendency to cheer me in old age and infirmity. Our family are much in the same situation as they were when you last went from home. I hope you will be attentive with regard to your health. My Compliments to your wife and family. Tell Samuel he should not be backward in writing as I am anxious to hear of your wellfare. My age is eighty since November last, an if it wasna Jenny I would be very ill af, she is the most useful wain I hae now![210] I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
205. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 8th February 1822
Dear John,
I have not been favoured with any letters from Quebec since Samuel’s of date 4th June last. I trust, however, you are all well. Mention to Samuel Clark that his father and family are well and desire to hear from him. A young man, John Imrie, called on me from Whitehaven; has been on board the Cumberland of that place for 4 or 5 years.[211] His father and family live at Valcartier; he has also a brother in Quebec, a Baker. [He] had letters from his father directing him to call on me, that I would have papers to uplift some money for him from a Mr Sanders, writer Dumfries, but no such papers came to me. The young man is going to the neighbourhood of Moffat to attend school during winter and go out to your place in the Spring. Our old friend Mr Alexander Brown died last winter [interlined: but one]; his loss I regrate. Should you or Samuel wish for any articles I will pay attention to forward them after receiving the instructions. Charles and Jannet have their compliments and expect to hear from you soon. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
P.S. Mr John Brown, Enrick, expected to have been favoured with a letter from you. W. N.
111 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
206. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 19th March 1822
Dear John,
Our Mother and I wrote you last month. Nothing particular has occurred in the family since that period. My mother is still anxious to hear from you and family; she is much in the same state of health as when I wrote you last though I think weaker than at that time. I take the opportunity of a young man, a distant relation of ours and cousin to the young men Sproats, who went out last Summer. His name is Alexander Brown; has been a farmer with his Uncles at Boreland of Anwoth and now on his way to Upper Canada to his cousins the Messrs Sproats. Our Mother and I request that you would be friendly and give any information that might be of service to him as he is a stranger to the manners and customs of that part of the Country to which he is going. He is a person well educated and can give you the home news. He was a little acquainted with Samuel Clark and Richard Caughtrie. You can let him know where they reside, and if Samuel have time might spend a few hours to shew him the Country, and as he is tolerably well informed about farming might give a little insight in that way, and the Gatehouse news he can tell, and what is going on in this Church and State Country. I [was] at Springfield, Society Hall and Shankfoot; those families were all well, still increasing their numbers. Mother, Janet and Charles have their compliments to you, Samuel and family. Tell Samuel to write me frequently that we may know how all friends are and what is going on on your side of the water. Remember me to Cowan, Roy, Samuel Clark and all those with whom I was acquaint. I will write again perhaps next month. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
207. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 19th April 1822
Dear Brother,
I wrote you last month by Alexander Brown and now take the opportunity by Mr John Credie, who intends sailing from Dumfries for Quebec.[212] He is son of Mr James Credie of this place.[213] His family are anxious that you would give him any information that might be useful to him as he will be a stranger in that part of the Country. He has been in the nursery business and if steady may do very well in Canada. There is nothing new since I last wrote you. Our mother is still weakly but able to get up. However, she wishes to address you herself in this letter. Have my Compliments to Samuel, William and family. Let Clark know that his Father and family are well. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
208. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 19th April 1822
Dear Son,
Since I last wrote I am continuing very frail. Janet has a nursing of me and hope her goodness to me will not be forgot by my family. I have you to request that you will not be over anxious with
112 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 the concerns of this world but trust in Providence and mind the one thing needful. Remember me to Samuel and family. Janet and Charles have their compliments. Do not neglect to write. I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
209. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet [no date given] August 1822
Dear John,
I have nothing new to tell you. I have been on the lookout for a letter from you or Samuel before this time, and William Clark is very anxious to hear from his son Samuel. If he is with you tell him to write to his Father or mention where he is, if you have seen John Credie you can hint in your next what situation he is in. Springfield, Charles McKeand, Alexander Ross and John Brown will be happy to hear from you at any time. Farm produce of every [illegible – page damaged] is at a very low price; farmers not able to pay their rents; the price of land has nearly falen a half. The King is at present in Edinburgh,[214] and Londonderry is no more.[215] Great changes are expected. Last summer has been remarkably fine and our harvest is about half finished, the crops abundant of all kinds. A finer season has not been remembered by any of us. My compliments to Samuel and tell him to write me frequently and remember me to all the family. I am
Dear John, Your affectionate Brother, William Neilson
210. Isabel Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet [no date given] August 1822
Dear Son,
I have before me your letter of 7th June which I received 6th July last. It gave me great satisfaction once more to hear from you and that your family were well. I wrote you last Spring by the Thompson Packet from Dumfries per Alexander Brown and John Credie; they would inform you of my frail state of health. I am still continueing weaker, and can expect nothing else at my advanced age. I was eighty last November and should Providence allow me to remain till November next I will be eighty one years of age; such a portion of time is only allowed to a few of the human race. I have great reason to be thankful that during the greater part of my life I have been favoured with good health which I impute a great measure to temperance and regularity in my affairs and with the support of a kind providence in whom I ever trust for the present and future. Janet still continues her kindness and her labours are d[a]ily increasing as my strength decreases. I am happy that Samuel has been able to relieve you in a great measure from the toils and labours of Office and trust he is joined with a man of honor and honesty and that he has thought on my saying ‘take care ye donna gang wrang’.[216] Perhaps this may be the last letter from me and I have to request that you will not neglect to train up all your children to industry, order, Education and [illegible – page damaged] them to keep clear of bad company of every sort for it is a while before the young are aware of the delusions and traps of their fellow mortals to ruing [i.e. ?ruining] their independance and comfort. I am scarce able now to get from the bed to the fire side without assistance. It is my wish that you should be attentive in writing to your relations though I should be gone, and I think a won[d]er that Samuel has forgot me as I had a liking for him and his name. Janet’s
113 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 goodness to me is great, and I hope you and the others will not forget it. I am
Dear Son, Your Affectionate Mother, Isabel Neilson
211. Samuel Neilson Jr to William Neilson (Draft)
Quebec [no date, c. 1823]
Dear Uncle,
Since I wrote you last my father has retired from business to live during the summer at his farm at Cap Rouge and during the winter in town. I am become the proprietor of the Gazette, and Mr Cowan and myself under the firm of Neilson & Cowan do the business. Cowan had been long with us and it was very reasonable he should have some share of the business. We are making our fortunes in these dull times. You may conceive, however, our business is pretty good and in a few years I hope to have something, and God knows when one can live without working, that is doing only what you please, he will not [illegible – page stained] self at [illegible]. I know whenever I can afford to have 7 or 8 hundred pounds a year I shall amuse myself and let the world drive as it will. You have long talked of the South American colonies. I can tell you that they are now many of them independent states, at least Colombia, Chile, Buenos Ayres, etc. and they are all very likely to succeed. Spain must concede every thing; the priests have made but a poor job of it. The United States are getting on wonderfully well. The Republicans and Federalists quarrel now and then but that is nothing. [The first page ends here, and the rest of the draft does not survive.]
212. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 31st August 1823
Dear John,
I was favoured with your letter of date 5th July last informing us of your safe arrival at Carouge, and that you found your family well and things in general much the same as when you left them, gave us great satisfaction I told William Clark that his son Samuel had the farm in good order. The old man was well pleased to hear the news, is well and desired to be remembered to his son. Your last letter to me from London came to hands, and soon after I had one from Mr George Agnew with ‘a profile of his much esteemed friend Mr J. Neilson’ [see Figure 9]. It is a very good likeness [and] we are all thankfull for the present and will be taken very good care of. For your amusement, I quote a few lines handed in after you left us by John Smith Esqr. ‘Sketch of Mr J. Neilson’s vivid conversation I hear him talk. It is to me an ora. I had no notion of what is the natural gift of eloquent conversation till I was in his company. You do not in his company wish to hear others converse or sport their annecdotes. You hear him and you desire to hear none other, or nothing else. What he says in one evening conveys more information and makes a greater impression on the mind respecting the manners, customs, commerce, agriculture and Laws of North America than any volume I have read, Birbeck[217] etc. His thoughts are deeply reflective, his imagery splendid, with a felicity of expression and richness of illustration that I sit in silent admiration and wonder at the extent and variety of his powers of reasoning and description – 19th April 1823 – J.S.’ Hugh Sproat of Rainton is anxious that his son James might find a place with you or Samuel Howard. He is a boy of about 15 years of age. James is a very good latin scholar, writes and counts well. He might act as a clerk or in the printing office, shop or in any way
114 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 you might think most beneficial for you and him. Perhaps he would agree to be bound for a few years as an apprentice. You will see his hand of write on other page, a verse from a new song. As soon as you receive this letter you, Samuel or Mr Cowan will write me whether you can find a place and the conditions; and should you wish him to go out, say what would be best to learn till next spring when he would be ready to move. Janet would be happy he could find a place. Sam Clark knows the lad well and can give you information on him and his family. I talked with the boy my self; I think he is very likely to do well and appears to be willing to go out. Have my Compliments to Samuel and say that he can have his share and his sister Isabel’s any time that would answer them best, one hundred pounds each; and that Samuel should write me frequently as I am rather lonely: no fishing companions. Jannet, Charles, Bella have their compliment to you, Samuel and family. Margaret, Agnes, Nathan and their families are well and desire to be remembered to you and family. Had your Compliments to the McMenzies, Messrs Browns, Minister and all acquaintances. We were all happy to hear of your safe arrival and wish all manner of prosperity to you and family. The summer has been very wet; the harvest is not yet commenced, will be late, and the corn not well filled. Forget not to write as soon as you can. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
P.S. [illegible – page damaged] is still going on in Spain. 50 000 priests at work at the divine right castle.[218]
Again the snuffbox is not yet come from Cumnock W.N.
[Written in the hand of James Sproat:]
Nations around shall burst ere long, The cruel spell that binds them now; Then kings will hardly dare to own Their right divine to govern wrong, A right that none but slaves allow.
213. John Clark to William Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 27th March 1824
Sir,
I have borrowed and received from you the sum of Six pounds sterling to enable me to pay my passage out to Quebec to my Brother Samuel; which sum I will pay you or order on demand. I am, Sir,
Your most Obedient Servant John Clark
[Written below in William Neilson’s hand:] His Brother Samuel Clark requested me to advance the money. W. N.
115 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
214. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 27th March 1824
Dear Brother,
Your letter of 15th January came to hand on the 26th February last. We were glad to find that you and family were well. I was sorry to hear of the unjustifiable steps taken by the Governor.[219] I had information of his proceedings before I received Samuel’s letter or your’s [sic]: the Times and St James’s Chronical and other London papers had made extracts from the New York papers on the subject, but in the end, I trust, it will turn to the advantage of Samuel and William Cowan. I have found out, I trust, a canny hand to replace Samuel Clark. His name is Robert McKie. He has been with James McGeoch at Girthon Kirk for ten years, and his master says he acted faithfully and [is] an excellent farm Servant, and the opinion of the neighbours are in his favour. I have advanced him £9 in cash (without this he said he could not be able to go), which sum you will deduct off his wages. I have made no agreement with him, only that [you] would pay him the current wages of the County and £6 for the passage out as stated in your letter to me. John Clark, brother to your Samuel Clark, is also going out with him, but was likely to be humbugged for want of money. His brother’s letter to him desired him to apply to me for a little money and I have advanced him six pounds sterling in cash, which you will get from him or his brother Samuel, making a total sum to R. McKie and him of fifteen pounds. I wish they may arrive safe and be able to pay, poor fellows. The children’s money I should like to have settled. I will be able to pay the principal when you find it convenient to draw on me. I have paid off Janet and Agnes their shares, and Margaret only receives the interest conform to our mother’s settlement. During winter we have had much rain and no frost. The farmers are just now beginning to put the seed into the Ground. Trade is getting better and farm produce brings good prices at present. Mr John Brown of Enrick is now Factor; Mr Craig resigned. The change I hope will not be for the wors[e]. Brothers and Sisters are well and desire to be remembered to you, Samuel and Family; also all your acquaintances warmly desire to be remembered to you. I can think of nothing very particular to mention, only that you will write me frequently and let me know what is going on on your side of the water; your sisters are anxious also.
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
215. John Greenshields to John Neilson
Kerse[220] 24th March 1825
My dear Sir,
I am much gratified at the receipt of your kind letter of 12 November last with a list of shrubs and tree plants forwarded to me. The plants also made their appearance in due time in a healthy state and they were treated during the winter months in the way you pointed out, with a little damp earth on the roots. I feel much pleased and greatly indebted to you for this mark of attention, which I know not well how to repay unless by bestowing care and attention in nursing and rearing these young shoots, the produce of a country which you now consider as a home; and which I cannot think of at any time without feelings of the strongest attachment. Indeed, were it not for certain ties and clogs upon me here, I know not but I might soon beat up your quarters in Mountain Street.[221] But to return to my plants. I regret to say that from wet or damp received on board the ship, the tickets were all rubbed off or defaced, so that in planting them I could not tell which was which. Some of them may perhaps speak for themselves by and bye, and this circumstance also I should hope will induce you to come and see the plants and me, should you again revisit these shores, to assist me in calling things by their right names. In this case, be assured, the accident to the tickets will be looked upon as a fortunate one.
116 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
I have seen but few Canadians this season. Mr [illegible] was kind enough to spend a week with me and from him I had a full and particular account of the sayings and doings of your gude town. I have just heard that Mr Grant has bought an Estate in Kincardineshire near Montrose, which I am well pleased at, as he needed a permanent home. I am selfish enough, however, to wish that he had pitched upon some place nearer than Montrose. The Estate is called Criggie; in extent about 1,000 Scots Acres, with a good House and the rental report says about £1,200 a year. If I can at any time be serviceable to you in the County of Lanark, command me freely. And with every good wish for you and yours, not forgetting my old friend Sam. Believe me always,
My dear Sir, Yours faithfully, J. Greenshields
216. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Glasgow 26th July 1825
Dear Sir,
I arrived in town this evening, William with me, about seven o’clock, in a steam boat from Greenock. We left the Cherub about 40 miles below Greenock becalmed, and took a passage up in the City of Glasgow steam boat going from Liverpool to Greenock.[222] We had one of the most pleasant passages which Captain Rayside recollects; and were in sight of Uris head [i.e. Erris Head] in Ireland on the 20th day out. Unfortunately, some light East winds succeeded by several days of calm detained us in sight of Tory for six or seven days. We passed Cape Ray on the 6th day after leaving Quebec; the Great banks on the 9th or 10th day. We enjoy perfect good health, and did not suffer from sea sickness much – I did for two or three days – William was very little if at all sick but felt a little troubled by the presence of the female passengers who obliged him to keep, except at meals, to his bedroom and the deck. He just tells me that he prefers being on board the Cherub to travelling by land. I have had time, up to the hour I commenced writing, ten o’clock, to take a walk with William and examined the town a little. Wonderful additions have been made to it and it was difficult for me to know it again, particularly in the new parts. I walked up the passage at the foot of Richmond Street to Dr Chrystal’s and called in. He did not know me for some time but appeared very glad to see me, offered and pressed me to leave the Black bull inn and take beds at his house during my stay in Glasgow. This I declined. He was to prove very useful in giving me information respecting the placing of William at school. From Dr Chrystal I made enquiries of all my old acquaintances. I find no changes. Old Mr Wilson is still living and all the family well. I learn that the eldest son, Alexander, is to be married in a few days to a lady from the highlands. I’ll call on them to morrow. I propose remaining in Glasgow until Friday evening next, three days; and any course will be decided by the information I obtain respecting William’s school. From Glasgow I must go to Greenock, where I have left some of my baggage with the keys (to be examined by the Custom house officers) in charge of Captain Rayside. Whatever is decided upon shall be gone thro’ with great expedition (I refer to travel) and nothing will detain me later than the 20th of next month for my return to Canada. I have written to my uncle at Gatehouse and enclosed your letter to him. I have not been able to see Mr Pinkerton tho’ I called upon him this evening to know when the Cherub will return. I have hardly had time to peruse the papers since my arrival and have only looked at those issued here to day and that issued to day at Greenock. I find nothing new in them. There is a 28 gun frigate lying in Greenock ready to take Lord Dalhousie and his family out to Canada, immediately.[223] Lord D. is expected here after to morrow. He will be at Greenock on Saturday, where, as I learned from Mr Mennons, of the Greenock Advertiser,[224] he is to be entertained. He is expected to sail on Monday the 1st August. I shall write by the vessel of war and forward you some papers, it will probably prove the earliest conveyance. This letter is despatched by the August (1st) packet ship from Liverpool.
117 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
My fatigues this day advise me to close this letter. I wish to be remembered with affection to Mrs Neilson, Isabel, Margaret, Agnes and John, whom I long to see. William, whom I have just awoken in his bed, joins me. He is too lazy to write, but must write by the next conveyance. I remain, with respect,
Your affectionate son, Samuel Neilson
217. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Greenock 29th July 1825
Dear Sir,
I wrote you on my arrival in Glasgow by the 1st August packet ship from Liverpool. From my letter (which this may however anticipate as it goes by His Majesty’s pleasure yatcht [sic] the Herald, which takes out Lord Dalhousie direct to Quebec) you will find that I arrived at Glasgow on the 26th instant. I have come down to this place to take up my baggage and proceed to Galloway [interlined: via Glasgow] which I hope I will be able to do to-morrow. I have now seen Dr Chrystal and the young Wilsons (the old gentleman and lady reside [interlined: during the summer] at Callender) and have made enquiries respecting placing William at school. The Ayr academy is well spoken of by them. Dr Chrystal [interlined: stated upon my relating the neglected state of education and age of William] that most of the young people there are however much younger than William and that those of his age would be much farther advanced that [i.e. than] he. He would attend in classes with such boys and would not much like it. He suggested as one of the best plans of educating him to place him with some clergy man in the country of whom there are several who take young men and educate them for commercial or other pursuits. This suggestion, upon reflection, I considered very good; and on the following day met him with Mr Ferguson who spoke to me of a number of places. I told the intention to Alex Wilson and his opinion was favourable to it. William himself preferred it. Ultimately, I saw one of the clergy men who was more particularly recommended, viz. Mr Roxburgh, of Kilmaurs, two miles from Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. I had a meeting with this gentleman this morning, and asked the terms of boarding and education and whether he educated them himself or not. He said that he had for a number of years taken young gentlemen, that many of them were directing their studies so as to follow mercantile pursuits, that he had a young man tutor, a Mr Bell, who assisted him and who was constantly in the house from 7 to 9 in the evening, that at present he had five young men of about William’s age, among others a young Canadian from Montreal, Peltier, who was just pursuing the same studies that William was about to pursue, and finally that his terms were 80 guineas a year for board, bedding and education, all included, and four guineas for washing each year; making a total annually of 84 guineas. The situation in the country would be favourable to the diminution of the expenses of cloathing etc. The young men generally wear light jackets and ordinary cloathing. All circumstances considered I have determined upon placing William there. I am going over to Helensburgh to night to see Mrs Chrystal, who is living there. Dr Chrystal comes down and I will take the boat as it passes. Mr Roxburgh is to come down also; and his lady is there. William and myself will therefore have an opportunity of seeing them to night. The matters will be suggested to my uncle on arrival at Gatehouse. I wrote him on arriving at Glasgow, including your letter. On arriving here to day at 3½ o clock, I found the whole port dressed in flags and heard at a distance the salutes from the vessel of war the Herald 28[225] and found on enquiring that Lord Dalhousie had just arrived in one of the steam boats from Glasgow. He proceeded on board of the Herald [interlined: from the steam boat] and shortly after landed and visited the American [interlined: packet] ship the James Henry, a very fine new ship. He is accompanied by Lady Dalhousie and Mr Fox Maule A.D.C.[226] [interlined: and his young son]. The vessel sails [interlined: for Quebec] on Monday morning the 1st instant. His Excellency will be publicly entertained by the Mayor, trad[e]s and merchants of Greenock to morrow, about 150 subscribers have entered their names. He made no noise any where else. I enquired in Glasgow and it was not known that he was in town, altho’ I believe he has been there two or three days.
118 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
There is very little news going and the papers are very barren. There have been no arrivals from Quebec since we arrived. In case you may not have received my letter via New York I repeat that we had a passage of 29 days and that we made Ireland on the 20th day out but experienced calm and light winds the remaining 9 days. The passage was a most beautiful one, and all things agreeable enough (at latest). The Cherub is expected to sail on the 20th instant and I have very little time to go up to London, which I now propose doing, and returning in time to sail by her. I have attended to business while in Glasgow as much as I could, but I hardly thought that it was so difficult in a place where you know a few persons to get thro’ any business at all on the first days of your arrival. I have given the orders for types to Mr Wilson, with the samples, and I am afraid that they will be able only to send out the imperfections of Mission, and perhaps the french fount of pica this fall. Their business has very much increased, some additions have been made to their work houses, and their orders, on hand, are extremely numerous. I hope, however, to have a definite answer to morrow when I return to Glasgow. With respect to a compositor, I am advised to insert an advertisement and Alex Wilson has permitted me to use his home as a place for reference. The terms I shall leave with him before [I] go. I have not been able to visit a printer’s office but that of Mr Mennons in Greenock which is very small. I send you two of his papers (26th and 29th July) and a Glasgow paper [interlined: will follow] to morrow. I hope to make arrangements for sending out the Greenock advertiser regularly during the summer, and winter, also – [the surviving letter ends here.]
218. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Greenock 30th July 1825 Saturday morning
Dear Sir,
I wrote hastily yesterday evening on board of the Cherub the letter enclosed with this. You will have read what I had to say respecting William’s education. I found the business of gathering my clothes so long, owing to the delay I experienced from the Captain being absent, at dinner, that I could not cross over to Helensburgh, as I intended, to see Mrs and Mr Roxburgh and Mrs Chrystal. I shall have every reason to believe that Mr Roxburgh’s is the preferable place. The expense will not exceed £100 or £110 pound a year. I shall, as I mentioned, consult with my uncle and take every measure in my power to execute the trust to advantage. I proceed this morning at 11 o’clock to Glasgow and take a passage in the coach to Dumfries and Gatehouse. At Gatehouse I shall remain only two days, and and [sic] take the mail to Portpatrick to meet the City of Glasgow steam packet for Liverpool. I hope to be in London on Friday evening next (the 5th proxima) taking on my way Birmingham and Oxford. At Birmingham I wish to see some of our correspondents. I shall remain only 4 days in London and be in Scotland at Gatehouse on the 12th. There I shall remain until the 15th and pass the remainder of my time at Kilmarnock and Glasgow; at least this is my intention. William will accompany me to Gatehouse. I think it best after all that he should remain there until I return from London, and he finally settles down on the 15th at his labours. He will have more profitable opportunities of travelling, probably, at some future period. He appears more resigned and more resolute to prosecute his studies than ever I thought he would be and I think that he will do some good. He was not astonished at the beauties and wonders of Scotland and thinks Canada still the finest place. Glasgow he thought rather better of. He would have written you, but in truth he is to[o] slow to be in time. I will persuade him to write by the Rebecca, which sails on the 6th instant. I have hitherto made no serious enquiry regarding a counting house for him. This will be a part of my business on returning to Glasgow about the middle of next month. I may say that I am informed that such situations as it would be proper he should be placed in are difficult, perhaps I may say very difficult to be had, and it is probable that some money as a fee will be required. More of this hereafter. I found all my old acquaintances in Glasgow as I left them; only they have shot up like bad weeds and the individuals I left children are grown up to be men in business or in some
119 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 profession; and it is wonderful what a change a few years produces. Old Mr Wilson is still strong. Mrs Wilson also and all the family are perfectly well. Their attentions were as great as usual. I did not dine or take a meal at the Black bull the 3 days I was in Glasgow. I must conclude this letter by wishing to be remembered to the family with affection; William joins me. Give Mr Cowan my compliments and the same to the people of the office. There are no arrivals from Quebec of so late a date as ours. The Sophia, [Captain] Neill, and Jean Currie, [Captain] Shiels, [interlined: which] sailed three or four days before us, are below the port. I am going out and shall I find any new publications enclose them with this letter. The Glasgow paper I shall forward to Captain Rayside this afternoon and trust to him to send it out to you. The passage of the [interlined: HMS] Herald I dare say will be very short. I remain
Yours affectionately, Samuel Neilson
219. Samuel Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Liverpool 6th August 1825
Dear Sir,
I arrived here to night by a Carlisle coach on my way to London. I left William at Gatehouse [interlined: (after remaining there three days)] yesterday morning in good health intending that he should remain there until I return to Scotland about the 13th or 14th, when he will, it is very probable, go with me to Kilmarnock by the coach to be finally placed at Mr Roxburgh’s. As I said before, he appeared to be desirous of going there, and, from what I can see, altho’ he continues nearly as little communicative as usual, he wishes very much to improve and learn. He is not well pleased with Scotland and finds that he had formed a very incorrect idea of the improvements and all the fine things of the country. He frequently mentions that the Scotchont tous l’air bourrus,[227] that the land is good for nothing, and that the horses are not such immense animals as he was told they were but even inferior to Peg. This he does not speak in a childish manner, for he is fully more acute than I expected [interlined: to find him], and observed pretty closely what is passing before him. He will amuse himself at Gatehouse in the manner he thinks best. All our relations in Galloway are well. I found that a great many deaths had taken place among acquaintances. I wrote by the Herald, and the 1st August packet ship, and forwarded some papers by the first mentioned conveyance, which I hope you will have received. It is too late for one (10 o’clock) to obtain a file of a London daily paper otherwise I should have forwarded one. I go off to morrow morning at 6 o’clock passing thro’ Birmingham, Oxford etc. The country thro’ which I passed to day was seen to the best advantage. The crops of every description throughout Great Britain and Ireland have very seldom been known to be better. The barley is partially under the sickle as also some fields of wheat, and the crops generally. The more I was disappointed in regard to the people, whom I expected to find more tidy about their persons. The houses as you approach Liverpool are cleanly enough. But there is a great sameness in the scenery and you see little else than a country covered over with with [sic] hedges [interlined: formed] of trees. The coaches travel with amazing rapidity. In some we came at the rate of 10 miles an hour for several hours successively, an opposition coach being close at hand. The rate at which the mail is carried is now 8 miles an hour including passengers, an alteration lately made. I would have taken [interlined: from Gatehouse] the steam packet at Portpatrick, but I found that there was probably to be some delay as the packet does not come alongside the wharf but merely stops off the place and that a strong wind prevents the passengers from landing or embarking. I shall be in London on Monday morning at seven (25 hours from starting) and remain there that day, Tuesday and Wednesday at latest. I have not heard of Stuart or O’Sullivan.[228] The Indians I hear have returned long ago to Canada, and the people to whom I have talked thought they discovered that they had been gulled and that they were nothing more than porters and pedlars.[229] I propose stopping at Birmingham on my return and also at Liverpool but I still hope to be
120 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 in Gatehouse by the 14th and in Glasgow by the 18th. The vessel will positively sail on the 20th of the month. I have seen fewer papers and have read less news since I have been in the country, relating to the country, than I have done for many years past and hardly know anything that is going on. Before I left Glasgow I got an answer from the Wilsons respecting our pica fount and it was that it was impossible to do even tho’ French are in time for shipment this fall. I shall enquire in London if it could be done by the 8th September to which time it is probable vessels are to be sailing for Canada and may decide upon getting that fount from that quarter as I know that it is very much wanted. There is an advertisement for a Printer in a Glasgow paper.[230] I have seen no later Quebec Gazette than the ones I brought and I believe there are yet none here. I beg you to remember William and myself with affection to mama, Isabel, Margaret, Agnes and John. My compliments to Mr Cowan and others. I remain etc.
Very affectionately, Yours etc. son, Samuel Neilson
220. William Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Kilmarnock 19th August 1825
Dear Papa,
I hope you are all well, and I write this letter in a haste. And I hope you excuse me if its badly written and wrong spell, for I was [interlined: rather in] sad way at this moment [interlined: and I] just wrote this few lines to Obey Sam. And I hope you write to me often and so they family, but I’ll write to they family in three week. I am
Your affection son, William Neilson
221. William Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Kilmaurs 29th August 1825
Dear Papa,
I have agreed with Mr Roxburgh till now very well and I hope it will continue. My meals are extraordinary good for a minister Boarding house. And I have been good and hearty with my companions. My best friend his [i.e. is] the Canadian till now which his they best scholar that Mr Roxburgh has and a great favorite of his. And if I follow his plan you may be sure I’ll have something wise about me in a year’s time for he has [i.e. is] a fellow that rush through any thing weather [i.e. whether] he can do it or not. But he always says that he tried it. But he received a Letter from his father that he must be in Montreal in May next in that case he shall be off in the course after a month for he his going through they continent. Which will a very sad thing to me when he goes off surely. But for all that I do not mind who comes in or goes not at this time for I am incline to learn as fast as I can to be off as quick as possible. I can not give you any hopes of my education yet for I have not been long enough here but in they course of two or three week. I dare say I wil be able to give you some account concerning my education. I have been at Gatehouse a few days, which I was very much please, with my uncle William and my Aunt and Mr McKeand and with a few of my cousin. I promise to write to my uncle often in bargain that he would write to me as often as I would write to him. In that case I shall let you here they [i.e. hear the] news of Gatehouse. Allthough I was very much please with thems that is not to say that I was pleased with country for they country is not worth talking about for you need go so far to see they equal, except in they towns w[h]ere you see very find [i.e.
121 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 fine] houses. And they rest of it is not so grand as I thought and most commonly where we walk in they street we see dirt of all kinds and for my I think nothing of Scotland yet and most commonly the people are bad bred [interlined: but I] no [i.e. know] I am not able to judge them yet for I have not been long enough. But this his my first opinion of them. I’ll write to mama the next opportunity and to Isbel, and I hope they write as often as I’ll write to them at least. I do not mentioned Margaret for I no [i.e know] she hates to write any letter unless she please. Remember me to mama that she must send me some presents per the Cherub. If you please to mention to Sam that I receive his letter on the 21st August and Peltier send his compliment to him. I began to write this letter on 20th and I finish it on they 22th of August and you may be sure that I’ll not fail writing month[ly]. I am determine to write to some of family wether my writing and word are bad or good. I finish this in great haste this morning when I had a good opportunity by Mr Roxburgh brother going to Glasgow. And I hope that you are all well and for me my health is still good. And my compliments to mama, Isbel, Sam, Margaret, Agnes and John. I am
Your affectionate son, William Neilson
I had good many things to mention to you but [illegible – page damaged] my letter in such an [illegible – page damaged] that I forget all.
And I hope you will not fail to write to me as soon as Sam arrive if you did not write before. W. N.
222. William Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Kilmaurs 25th September 1825 Dear Papa,
I am always in hope of receiving letters from Canada. I have always been in good health since Sam [h]as left me except I had the accident of hurting my arm which deprived me to write any sooner but it is well mended now. Concerning they minister and they place, I still like it very well, and concerning my education it goes on very well after the idea of the matter, except my Arithmetic that goes on slowly but I hope in time I will get with it as well as the rest, and now I am learning Geography, writing, Arithmetic, Translating English into French and French into English grammar, Murray’s Exercise and Reading Books[231] that I find to my advantage but for my mathematic and Book keeping I think I’ll stop about a month before I begin to learn them. I received a letter from my uncle William on the 20th September and reports that they are all well. I have no particular news to give you except the winter season begins to appear in Kilmaurs and according to they people says that we will have a very ruff winter to pass and I saw in a Glasgow paper that they Byron Renfrew[232] was seen in they English channel near Dieppe on the 10th of September but I suppose you would have heard this news before this. I have send [sic] a letter to Isabel amongst Peltier’s letters by the Brig Robert Kerr and two by the Favourite, and I hope they all arrived by this time. I would have written to mama but as I could not write the French correct I thought it would be better to stop a while. But I am very much incline to write to mama if I could write the French correct for I think that mama would not have much pleasure in reading a letter in English, but I’ll write to her very soon in French, and I shall write to Isabel, Sam and Margaret as soon as I receive letters from them. There is one of [the] Boarders gone off yesterday and a new one coming to day from Glasgow and two of Mr Roxburgh’s sons are going away in a fortnight to go to the college and another Boarder going away about the 1st November and Peltier away about the 10th November to got to France and to England and after to Canada about the first of March, and you may expect a packet of letters from me by him. All that I have to complaint in fact is that I am quiet [i.e. quite] surprised at me not to be more loansome than Sam. I hope you are all well at Carouge. And I
122 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 hope you will not fail to write at least once a month. My Compliments to mama, Isabel, Sam, Margaret and Agnes and John. I am
Your affectionate son, William Neilson
223. William Neilson Jr to Marie Neilson
Kilmaurs 5th November 1825
My dear Mama,
Even now I am hoping to receive a letter, as I saw in the Glasgow paper that the Sophia Neil visited you at the same time as the Cherub arrived in Quebec on the 28th and as I think the Cherub would not have been late to arrive a little later in which case it has brought me hope of receiving a letter any day as I don’t think Sam will have forgotten to write me on arrival as there is the opportunity every day in Quebec during the vessels.[233] I have not had a single interesting piece of news from Quebec since I have been in Scotland. I often have news from Montreal but nothing from Quebec. I am beginning to find it a little curious that I receive nothing about the arrival of the Cherub as I see in the paper all the arrivals of the other vessels at the same time as the Cherub should have arrived. The weather is still extremely bad at the moment, and cold. There have already been little falls of snow, the first on the 19th October. Even the coast of Arran was covered, and it has frozen to ice many times and the ice even had half [illegible]. I am still getting on well with Mr Roxburgh and the schoolmaster and my friends. At the moment [i.e. ?until recently] our schoolmaster is [i.e. ?was] Mr Bell, but he left last week to go to Edinburgh to be a schoolmaster there and up until now we have no news. It is Mr Roxburgh who takes the school. I have not received a letter from my uncle for one month, but as I have written two letters since I am expecting one any day. My studies are going well, even my arithmetic is beginning to be better. I hope you will not forget to write to me often. I shall write to you every month, more often if you wish. Mother, I shall write to you again by Peltier in the month of March and I hope that I will be more able to write in French than at present. I think you will laugh at my mistakes in this letter. As I think I said myself, if I do not try I shall never be able to write in French because of my faults, and at the end of the day I am determined to write in French. My health has been good up until now, and I should say I have [illegible – page damaged] put on weight. My [illegible – page damaged] that I am fat. I have not written to you for a while but as I have an obligation to write in French it prevents me from saying well the little things I want to say to you. I have written this letter because I want you to know that I have a great desire to write to you. Otherwise I would not have written. My regards to papa, Isabel, Sam, Margaret, Agnes and John. I am
Your affectionate son, William Neilson p.s. Mr Bell and Peltier send their compliments to Sam.
224. William Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Kilmaurs 9th January 1826
Dear Papa,
I was favoured with your letter of the 19th on the 24th December favoured by Mr Gibb, which I was very happy to see that your [sic] were all well. You mentioned in your last letter that you had not heard of me since the 21st September. I was very much surprise at that for I had written
123 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 to you in the 24th September and to Isabel on the 7th September. The reason of that is that Mr Roxburgh’s brother neglected to send them immediately. But now I will send them the way you mentioned to me via New York. Sam mentions in his [interlined: last] letter that you would make arrangement in the course of the winter to get me into a counting house this spring. For I I [sic] would prefer to stop here a year and then to go to Quebec and get into a counting house there, but you may do as you please for I am quiet [i.e. quite] willingly to do what you please. I heard that Captain Rayside was going to Canada this winter to be Captain on board some frigate on the lakes. I am not sure wether it is true or not, but he told me when I was at Greenock that he was going to leave the Cherub.[234] But I shall see him in the course of this month and I will discover all about it and if he is going you may depend I shall send a small parcel of letters by him. I received a few days ago a letter from my Uncle and mentioned that they are all well and desires to be remember to you and family, and old William Clarke wishes to be remembered to his sons when you will go to Valcartier and expects to hear from them frequently. You mentioned in your last letter for I to let you have a statement of accounts regularly. I will let you know every time that I’ll write you. Since I am here I have spent £8. 5s. 7d and of that their is £5. 9s. 6d for a suit of clothes and £1. 0. 0 for a hat and the rest for Books and postage. The weather here has been for some time hard and excessively cold and it will [illegible – page damaged]. My education goes on [illegible – page damaged] well. I have always [illegible – page damaged] hea[l]th and I hope you are [illegible – page damaged]. I am expecting [a] letter every day, for Sam mention in his last letter that he would write to me before the navigation closed. My Compliments to Mama, Isabel, Sam, Margaret and Agnes and John, and I wish you all a happy new year. I remain
Your affectionate son, William Neilson
225. William Neilson Jr to Samuel Neilson Jr
Kilmaurs 21st February 1826
Dear Samuel,
I have not received any latter intelligence of you since 17th November but I have received a letter from Papa on the 2nd instant favoured by Mr Symes, which I was very happy to see that you were all well. I received a letter from my [interlined: Uncle] on the 19 instant and he mentions that he will send you a good Pointer by the Cherub and he sends his respects to Papa and family. And all our relations sends their best respects to Papa and family. And Old W. Clarke and family are all well and request to be remembered to his sons when you or Papa will go out to Valcartier and he his in expectation that they will not neglect to write him frequently. You can tell to they Clarkes that he got an elegant silver metal [i.e. medal] from the Agricultural Society on account of his superior ploughing. Mr Roxburgh will write to you by Captain Rayside, who will go out as a passenger in the Cherub. And I hope Mr R. will give you good accounts of me for he appears to be very well please with [interlined: me] at present. Concerning my education, it goes on very well to my knowledge. I am learning at present Mathematic, Arithmetic, Geography, English, French, Writing and Book Keeping. The B K I am very nearly through. As soon as I will be done with the B K I shall take mensuration. So you see I am not idle. I shall write to Papa by the Sophia Neil, which sails about 20th March, and to Mama, Isabel, Margaret and perhaps to Agnes. And you’ll tell Isidore Bedard[235] that I will not forget to write him by Captain Rayside. I think there will be early arrival in Canada [interlined: this spring] for there is a great deal of vessels anounced to sail about the 20 of March. The weather here is very nearly always the same, that is wet. The only news here is that the trade is very low and many hundred poor weavers are out of employment and most of them list themselves to be soldiery. Our old serjeant Cameron comes only every Saturday just to keep us in mind of what we have learnt, for we are quiet [i.e. quite] up to all they exercise of a soldier. As soon as McKean goes away I shall leave him altogether. He takes only 3 pence a lesson; all they time he has been shewing us it did not amount to 15s. I have been always in good health [interlined: quiet happy] since I wrote you last and I hope you are all so. Give my best compliments to Papa, Mama, Isabel,
124 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Margaret, Agnes and John. I am
Yours truly, Affectionate, William Neilson in harte P.S. Give my best compliments to Isidore Bedard.
226. William Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Kilmaurs 11th March 1826
Dear Papa,
I have not received any letter since the 2 February and I am very anxious to hear from you to know wether I am going to stop till August or [interlined: go away] in May. And I hope if you did not write that you will have the goodness to let me know in your next for it keeps me from learning many things that I would learn if I knew how long I had to stop. I took the mathematic a few weeks ago but if I am going in May I will leave it off as soon as I will receive your letter and work at my arithmetic and other things concerning to fit me for a counting house. However, my education goes altogether very well, especially my arithmetic, which I thought at first I could never succeed. The mathematic I find it rather difficult but I hope in time I will get on with it as well as I did with with [sic] my arithmetic. I will send you by the Cherub a statement of accounts and you will see what money I will require while I am here. If you please to mention to Samuel that my uncle will send him an excellent pointer by the Captain Rayside, who will go as a passenger in the Cherub. The weather has been very find [i.e. fine] for some time and very favourable for Ploughing and sowing and here about [interlined: the farmers] are began sowing. I have been always in good health and happy except when Peltier went away. I was rather incline to be loansome but I am quiet [i.e. quite] happy at present. This letter goes by Peltier who will sail from Liverpool on the 16th and for New York. I have not a single news here for it is very seldom I get to Kilmarnock and when I go I never stop more than an hour. And on the paper I early [i.e. rarely] see any news and I find very difficult to fill up a letter. I hope you will excuse me for not writing any longer. My Compliments to Mama, Isabel, Samuel, Margaret, Agnes and John. I remain
Your affectionate, William Neilson
227. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse of Fleet 23rd March 1826
Dear Samuel,
I have forwarded this day a pointer for you (her name is Die and with pup). The man has orders to get her on board of any vessel direct for Quebec. I wrote the other day to Messrs A Ker and Co.[236] to know if Captain Rayside was going to Quebec this spring; their answer was that they did not know his intentions and gave the names of several vessels for Canada. I sent the man ratherly on chance as your Brother in his letters to me mentioned that you were anxious to have a pointer or two. A dog was named laterally [i.e. latterly], however the Gamekeeper Mires thought it would be best to send out a bi[t]ch with pup that you might perchance have it in your power to keep two dogs and a bi[t]ch. The pointer is an excellent one, he says, and that a young fiery fellow will scarce spoil her or put her off her aim as she is staunch. As J Neal[237] is a blustering sort of fellow, I could not depend on him or arrange to please. However, I wish the animal may
125 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 arrive safe and please she will pup much about the time she may arrive. I think you should send her out a few months to the care and management of Robert McKie at Carouge. I wish you good sport and long life. All relations here are well and desire to be remembered to you, your Father and family. I have frequent letters from [illegible – page damaged: ?William]. I think he will do well; he likes the place and is improving. I give him what I think holesome advices very frequently. He will be down here in the summer we expect. Old Mr Clark and family are well and wishes much to hear from his sons. I am
Dear Samuel, Your Affectionate, Will Neilson
P.S. write me all the news. Observe, I do not know whether the Captain will be paid at Greenock or not; if not you will settle with him. W. N.
228. William Neilson Jr to Marie Neilson
Kilmaurs 25th March 1826
My dear Mother,
I received your letter dated 27th October on the 2nd December, which made me very happy as I thought you would write [even though] I know that you do not much like writing. I hope, however, that you will still have the desire to write me by the Cherub and I would ask nothing else of you. My education is going well, at least as well as when Mr Bell was here as our new schoolmaster, Mr Campbell, is equally qualified, at least as far as I can understand. I hope that you will be pleased with me; I have done my best to make you happy. I am sending an arithmetic sum with this letter for Margaret and I hope it will be of use to her and also to Isabel now and again, as I know it can be difficult for them. I have not received any letters for six weeks and although I was not expecting any it has been a little trying as I do not know if I am going to stay here until August or not. I am still doing well and I hope that I will continue to do so as when someone is ill they do not eat and I do not believe I could get used to that as I am a keen eater. The younger ones here are all well fed on porridge and the middle ones on the pickings of the bones. For us others, however, we are well fed on the best things, the only problem being is that we never eat when we want to. To tell you the truth, it could not be better than at the minister’s. I shall not write much but shall write often. I shall stay until the month of August. I wish you all good health and send my best wishes to Papa, Samuel, Isabel, Margaret and John. I am
Your affectionate son, William Neilson
229. Alex Wilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Glasgow 7th April 1826
Dear Samuel,
I take the opportunity of my friend Spence going to Quebec to inform you that in a fortnight hence we shall have the fount of English Type ready to send off. I annexe a note of your father’s account for your Brother, the increase in the last item proceeds from him having got some clothes, hat etc. All the accounts are in my possession so that I can send them if your father should wish to see them.
126 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
I have not seen your Brother since you left this [place]. When you write him I hope you will desire him to call when he comes to Glasgow; it will give me great pleasure to be of any service to him. I will write you soon again. Meantime I remain, with best regards to your Father, my Dear Samuel
Yours very truly, Alex Wilson
John Neilson Esquire in account with A. Wilson
1825 August 22 To Cash paid Mr Roxburgh £22. 0. 0 December 7 To Cash paid Mr Roxburgh 23. 7.10 1826 March 14 To Cash paid Mr Roxburgh 31.17.10 Balance due Mr Neilson 22.15. 2 100. 0. 0 1825 By Bill in London £100 August 14 Equal
230. William Neilson Jr to Samuel Neilson Jr
Kilmaurs 8th April 1826
Dear Samuel,
I have not received any letter since the 2 February; it happening just in the time when I [am] more anxious for letters than usual for I do not [interlined: know] wither [i.e. whether] I am going in May or not and keeps me rather back from my studies for I do not like to take any thing in case I might go [interlined: away] in May and it would do [interlined: me] no good and it would be just spending money for nothing. I received a letter from my [interlined: Uncle] this week and he mentions that the[y] are all well and he mentions too that he wrote to you by the Reverend William Carson on his way to Upper Canada. The trade in this quarter of the Globe is very dull and I think although I should go off from here to get into a Counting-house it would be impossible to get in a counting-house on account of trade being so dull. McKean, one of my school fellow, went away about a fortnight to Glasgow to get into a counting-house and he could not find a place on account of the trade being so dull and he his returning back here again rather than stop at home and forget what he has learnt. So you see, if I go away in May there is very little chance for me to get in a counting-house. And the trade is turning worst and worst [sic]; all the manufactories are shut up and many thousand of poor weaver are unemployed. But, however, their are landholders that employ some of them in making roads. The weather has been for some time very wet but it is getting better now. The oats [interlined: begins] to rise and the leaves of the trees are almost all out. Since we had o[u]r new teacher this place is not half so good as it was when Mr Bell was here for he knows every things but nothing well. In place of him showing us, we can shews him. So you see what kind of teacher he his and keeping no order in [interlined: the] schoolroom hearken us regular, and most of his time is employed with Mr Roxburgh’s children, so if we learn any [interlined: thing] here we may [interlined: says] it is just by ourself and we might learn just as [interlined: well] if we [interlined: would] apply at home. I send [illegible – page damaged] my letters at present to Captain [illegible – page damaged] who send them by the [illegible – page damaged] vessel that goes to Quebec for I [illegible – page damaged] that Mr Roxburgh’s brother neglects to send them. I shall write
127 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 every fortnight to some of the family and at least I hope you will write every [interlined: month] during the summer if I stop. Give my compliments to Papa, Mama, Isabel, Margaret, Agnes and John. I remain
Your affectionate brother, William Neilson
N.B. give my compliments to I. Bedard. W. N.
231. William Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Kilmaurs 20th April 1826
Dear Papa,
I have not received any letters since the 2nd February and I am surprised not to hear from you for in one of Samuel’s letters he mentioned that you would make arrangement in the course of the winter to get me into a counting house in the spring and I begin to trouble my head about it as the time [is] approaching. In one of my letters I mentioned that [if] you had no objections I would stay till August but since I wrote you I’ve had a new teacher who his not fit to teach us and in place of improving I really think I am getting backward, especially in English and French, and I am sure I will not improve much more by staying three [interlined: month] more for he is not fit to learn us any thing and another interlined[ : thing] is that he takes up mostly his time with Mr Roxburgh’s children’s [sic]. May be you’ll think I tell you all this because I want to go away but it is quiet [i.e. quite] the reverse for if we had a good teacher I would be very happy to stop longer but I just told you what I thought of it and I think it is my duty to tell you for it will be for your interest and mine. Concerning me to get into a counting house here I think it would be impossible on account of the trade being so dull. A little while ago a young scholar left this to get into a counting house at Glasgow and on account of trade being so dull he could not get a place, and I think it would be as difficult again for me to get into a counting house as I do not know any body. The weather is getting very good now and the corn thrives well; the farmer’s [sic] began planting their potatoes. I did not hear from my Uncle since I wrote to Samuel but I am expecting letters very soon from him. I shall write again by the first vessel that will sail from Greenock. I have been always in [illegible – page damaged] health since I wrote you [illegible – page damaged] I hope you have been all so. [illegible – page damaged] My Compliments to Mama, Isabel, Samuel, Margaret, Agnes and John. I remain
Your affectionate Son, William Neilson
232. William Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Kilmaurs 5th June 1826
Dear Papa,
I have not received any letters since the 2 February, dated 2 December. I hope if you have not written since you will write me immediately as I am to leave this on the 19 of August and I dare say before it reaches here it will be about that time and I hope you [interlined: will be so kind as to] let me know how I am to proceed. I ask one thing only, that is to let me go to Edinburgh, London and to Paris, if you have no objections, before I leave Great Britain for Canada. My education goes on pretty well altogether but it might have been going on [interlined: still] better if we have had they chance to fall in with a better teacher since Mr Bell has left us but I mentioned to Mr Roxburgh that he was not fit in [interlined: some] branches [interlined: of education] and
128 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 at present Mr R. teaches me whatever I think he his not fit to do. So I am not at the less now, for Mr R. his [i.e. is] a capital teacher in every branch. I went to Gatehouse a few days ago to see my uncle on account of the teacher and in the same time to take a little exercise for [interlined: I was for] of while in bad health before I went but since I have recovered my health and my stay was about eleven days. My uncle and Mr and Mrs McKeand seem quiet well and all our other relations and send their best respects to you and family. I was happy to see a letter from you dated 9 March to my Uncle William mentioning that you were all well. The only death at Gatehouse since I was there last was one of the son’s [sic] of late Mr Sproat of Renton [i.e. Rainton]. My Uncle says that he would write to you oftener but he says he his very throng helping the Factor Mr Brown. I would have [interlined: written] to you sooner but I was expecting [a] letter daily and I always delayed till now and now I have lost all hope of receiving [a] letter this month. And you may mention to Samuel that I think he did not act well towards me, for he promised to me that he would write every month and now it is four month and week since I have received any letters. Give my Compliments to Mama, Isabel, Samuel, Margaret, Agnes and John. I am
Your affectionate Son, William Neilson
233. John Roxburgh to Samuel Neilson Jr
Kilmaurs 10th June 1826
Dear Sir,
Your Brother will have completed his year here, on 20th August next, at that time he will think himself intended to return home, and will naturally be very desirous to do so. It will therefore oblige me, if, on receipt of this, you will write to me, giving such instructions, as you judge necessary, respecting the mode of procedure with him, which you wish to be adopted. I wish you particularly to mention the vessel, and Captain, with whom you wish him to sail, and will personally attend to every thing connected with his comfort. It gives me much pleasure to be able to assure you that your Brother has redeemed the pledge he gave you, at parting, of applying diligently to his studies. Considering the state in which he was, in regard to his education, he has made pretty fair progress, indeed he has done as much as could reasonably have been expected in the time, and I would hope, that on his return, you will find him somewhat improved. Mrs Roxburgh joins me in best regards to you, and in best wishes for all your friends. And I am
Dear Sir, Very faithfully yours, John Roxburgh
Will you have the kindness to remember me affectionately to our friends Mr and Mrs Wilkie, and to say to them that I will write to them by William. J R
234. John Roxburgh to Samuel Neilson Jr
Kilmaurs 22nd August 1826
Dear Sir,
I have much pleasure in assuring you that your Brother, Mr William, is continuing to conduct himself in every respect to my satisfaction, and that he is applying with great earnistness and success to his studies. After M Peltier left us in Spring last, William seems to have rather a longing
129 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 after home, and on that account, I wrote to you respecting the propriety of his returning home in the Fall. He has now, however, fully made up his mind to remaining here during winter, and I fondly hope his improvement will be equal to the expectations which I have formed of him. In a letter which he wrote last Spring to his Father, and which was shown to me by Messrs Wilsons of Glasgow, he complained that he did not think he was improving under the new Tutor. That complaint was made at the time when he was desirous of returning home, and as without any foundation, but the misunderstanding has been removed long ago. You may assure yourself that every attention will be paid to him. Mrs Roxburgh unites in best Compliments to you and in best wishes for all your family and I remain
Dear Sir, Yours very truly, John Roxburgh
235. William Neilson Jr to Samuel Neilson Jr
Kilmaurs 23rd August 1826
Dear Samuel,
I received your last letter per Ocean on the 13th instant in which I was very much please on account of you giving me a generous account of what you had been doing in the course of the winter. This is the kind of letter I liked and in the same time a general knowledge what was going [interlined: on] in Canada. I received your two other letters per Rebecca and in the same time a file of newspaper, but that I was obliged to return on account of it being too dear, the price was no less than £7 12s ½d, and another little parcel in which were three newspaper I was obliged to return too, the price being 7/6. When I was at Greenock I mentioned to Captain Millar[238] the case, and he says that Colonial newspapers ought to be free, and says that if I was to call to the General Post office in Edinburgh I might get them without paying a farthing, but for my [interlined: part] I do not care much for the paper and I think it is better [interlined: to] let them be, but I would advise you not send any more. You mentioned in one of your letters that you left me to refer to the newspaper for news, so you see I was rather in difficulties for news, but however I saw Mr Wilkie at Glasgow and the Captain at Greenock and got all the particulars about Quebec and Montreal. I received a letter from my Uncle sometime ago in which he enclosed five pounds, which you had demanded him to forward them to me for you. Of these five pounds I have spent a good share of them in travelling, which I think is as profitable a way as I can imagine, and I am much obliged to you for the goodness you had in sending them to me, and I hope in time I shall be able to do you a favour too. To come back to my uncle, he is quiet [i.e. quite] well, so is Mr and Mrs McKeand and all our relations. They send their Compliments to you. My uncle says he would write more frequently but he says as I am writting often and letting you know the news he thinks it would [interlined: be] needless for him to write. I have very little news here to inform you of except [interlined: that trade] is getting a little better. The crops are in general not very good and the people says that the hay will be dear this winter. The potatoe crops are in general very good this year. In one of your letter you asked me a question, that was have [I] enjoyed the Box of Segars [i.e. cigars] [interlined: that] you [interlined: had] sent by Captain Rayside. I can assure you I enjoyed it very well and I think I would have no objections to take another one. Give my Compliments to Papa, Mama, Isabel, Margaret, Agnes and John. I remain
Dear Samuel, Your affectionate brother, William Neilson
N.B. I hope you will write me oftener than you have done hitherto that is last winter and I am sorry to say that you gave me but a very bad excuse [illegible – page damaged] delaying so long.
130 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
W. N.
This letter goes per Rebecca.
236. William Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Kilmaurs 29th August 1826
Dear Papa,
I received three letters from you in which you mentioned still in your last that you thought it necessary for me to remain in Scotland another year to improve my education. For my part I had no objections to remain in Scotland another year, but I had objections to remain here at school on account of the teacher being not fit to teach. But since I received your letters, I consulted with my [interlined: uncle] upon that subject and I agreed to remain on condition that Mr Roxburgh will teach me during the winter and Mr R promised me to do so, and Mr R told me that he would discharge the teacher in October, so you see I was not much in the wrong when I told you that he was not fit to teach and it is upon that very reason Mr R sends him away. You mentioned in one of your letters that you was quiet [i.e. quite] surprise of not having received any letters from Mr R for me. I was quiet surprise that Samuel had [interlined: not] received any, for Mr R wrote two to my knowledge, one in April, which he intended to send by Captain Rayside, and another in June that he sent by the post. I hope you shall have good news concerning my conduct and my education by Mr Wilkie, who saw Mr R in Glasgow. I hope you will be so good as to give me a decided answer concerning the time I am to leave this place for Quebec. I think you might allow me to return next spring, as I have made a great deal of improvement and a great deal I will do by that time; and Mr R told me that he thought I should be quiet fit for mercantile business interlined[ : by that time]. I still like the place and I am quiet please with Mr R and with all the rest, and they appear to be all please with me, and even Mr R said that he never had a fellow in his house that he was so well please with. We had sometime ago two new boarders that came from Antigua West Indies but they are young fellows and I remain the only tall fellow [interlined: here] at present and I think [interlined: it] to my advantage. I have been quiet well since I wrote you last and I growing in length but I am diminishing in thickness. If you please to mention to Isabel that I think she might find an hour in the year to write me. Give my Compliments to Mama, Isabel, Samuel, Margaret, Agnes and John. I remain
Your Affectionate Son, William Neilson
N.B. This goes per Rebeca, [Captain] Laurie. W. N.
237. William Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Kilmaurs 22nd November 1826
Dear Father,
I was favoured with your kind letter on the [blank] October in which I was happy to see that you were all in good health after having experienced so an unhealthy [a] summer. Dear Father, you mentioned repeatedly in your letter that I am to remain till next August. If you just knew in what state this place is in you would never think of telling me such a thing as to remain here. It is needless for me to mention the difficulty over again for you appear to think that it is all made up on account of my being loansome to go home but I can tell you that it is quiet [i.e. quite] the contrary. You mentioned also that trade was no better but if this is case that you do not wish me to return I have no objections to take any other profession whatsoever that could please you for
131 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
I am quiet at easedom in that respect as I see it is high time for me commencing, and I would wish you if you could get me a situation for next spring if it is impossible to get me a situation in Canada it will be all the same for me [interlined: in that country] even if it was in the East Indies as long as you get me a situation. Now I have told you what I thought and you must remember that you told me to tell you just what I thought freely and openly, good or bad. Therefore, you must not take this ill from me and if I am not able to judge for myself now I think I have but a precious bad change that I will ever be able of. I hope as soon as you receive this letter that you will be so good as to write one without delay and give me your advice upon this subject and I will obey them of course, good or bad. Dear Father, for these six months past I have studied night and day very hard at my Practical Mathematics; the only rest I had was on Sunday night and you will see by a certificate that Mr Roxburgh promised to me whether I have spent my time for no purpose or not; and I think it would be but fair to let me begin in some business next spring and Mr Roxburgh even says so and you may dipend, avaricious as he is, he would prefer me to remain but as he says that he takes a great deal of interest in me and he would like to see me in some business. I received some time ago a letter from my Uncle William in which he mentions that they are all well and sends his best respects to you and family and not forgetting Charles Roi, his old ship mate in [illegible – page damaged]. Old [interlined: William] Clarke desires to be remembered to his sons when ever you see them [illegible – page damaged] begs that they would write to him. I received two letters from Samuel, one on the 1st October, the other on the 12th instant. In the latter he complains of me not writing to him, but if you please to put him in mind of last winter and I think he will perceive the reason of my not writting to him. If you please to tell to Isabel and Margaret that I think that they are rather precious with their letters. I called at the Wilsons in September and they were all very kind to me and happy to see me and found me a different fellow altogether by what I was when I came. In that same excursion I went to see Dr Crystal and family who were also very kind to me and I had a great deal of conversation with Mrs Crystal about Samuel’s tricks and she knows a great deal more about his tricks that [i.e. than] whatever he suspected. I have kept my health remarkable well. Although I sit up most nights I do not ever get headaches but you may figure to yourself what a scheleton I must be. I have [been] growing amazingly both in knowledge and length. I am about 6 feet. I received some newspapers along with your letter but I did not take them on account of them being too dear; with Samuel’s letters I received a parcel and that I relieved it too for the same reason I above mentioned; but I received one last Saturday that I took for it cost nothing and I think it came via Liverpool for they were no vessels that arrived to Greenock from Quebec. My Compliments to Mama, Isabel, Samuel, Margaret, Agnes and John.
Dear Father, I remain your affectionate son, William Neilson
238. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 16th March 1828
Dear John,
I received yours of 13th instant from Liverpool and the one of December last from Quebec. It gives me comfort to know that you were all well, and you at present in your Native Country. I have been endeavouring to find a steady ploughman to go out for you. I am in terms with one at present who I think will answer. His name is Samuel Heron, a native of this place about 22 years of age, has a good character, and William Clark thinks he will do, but the lade [i.e. lad] is of opinion that the wages you stated to me is low and that you perhaps would allow him £18 per annum and pay his passage out. You might do so and let his wages commence when he arrives at Quebec. However, you will give me all instructions necessary. I wrote to Greenock, had a letter from Mr John Miller,[239] Brig Cherub to sail the 29th instant, steerage passage £7. Perhaps you might wish the man to go with you or by the way of Liverpool etc.; these matters you will direct. I have set Dryburgh to work to make the shoes for Samuel and William. Your
132 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 measure is mislaid; you can send the dimensions of yours when you write. I have nothing particular to communicate and remain much in the same way as when you were home. I was with Brothers and Sisters a few days ago. They and their families were all well [and] living in the same places as formerly, viz. Bridge of Dee, Shankfoot, near the Kirk, Springfield and Gelston. We were all happy to hear of your arrival in the Country and anxious to see you here. With compliments to you. Write about the ploughman immediately that we may know what is to be done. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
239. Samuel Heron to William Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 29th March 1828
Sir,
I hereby agree to go out to John Neilson Esqr., Quebec, as a farm Servant for one year or two if my Master should think proper for the sum of Twenty pounds currency per annum. And you have advanced my ten pounds Sterling, seven of which is allowed to pay my passage, the other three to be stopped of my wages. The time of my service to commence on my arrival and setting to work, conform to my master’s letter to you from London 22 instant, which letter I have in keeping. I shall proceed with all convenient speed to my Service. I am
Your most obedient servant, Samuel Heron
[Written in the hand of William Neilson:]
14th April 1828. Received payment of the above ten pounds and 4/6 for Box per Heron from J Neilson Esqr. Will Neilson
240. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 16th June 1828
Dear John,
I have not heard of you since you arrived in London April 21st.[240] I was duly favoured with yours from Edinburgh and London. We are now getting anxious to hear from you. However, you mentioned that you would write before you left the Country. We are of opinion that you may be longer retarded on account of the change of the Ministry,[241] and may have gone to the Continent. On receipt of this you will tell us all the news, if you have had any letters from Canada and what is going on there. I trust Samuel Heron will be at work by this time and that they are all well. We are in health here. With compliments to you and trust you will write soon. Should you fall in with Dr Alexander Brown of Langlands, 23 Royal Fusiliers,[242] he is at Chatham, lately arrived from Portugal, is rather poorly with the ague. Should you chance to see him say that I am of [the] opinion he should come home for a few weeks and try Lochanbrake water[243] and his own native air as it is likely to do him as much good as anything he can try. Since you left us nothing particular has occurred. I saw our family a few weeks ago. Margaret, Agnes, Nathan and families were in health and were enquiring for you. The season here has been tolerably fine though often cold winds. The crops looks well and the Rye grass
133 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Hay will soon be ready for cutting, The gardens offer a fair crop. Do not neglect to write. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
241. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 29th July 1828
Dear John,
I with pleasure received yours of 25th instant. We are all happy to understand that matters are Generally Settled to satisfaction and trust that you will have peace and harmony on the other side of the Atlantic, for I am affraid that we will have rough work on this side of the water. Nearly 2/3 of the people in poverty, and the lean ones will begin bye and bye to eat the stall fed ones, and thus the bellowing will begin, and when the roaring will cease no man can tell. The state of Society in Europe appears very unsettled: try to keep peace in America, the only free State in the world, and will one day or other give more freedom to Europe. I had a letter from Samuel 21st June. They were all well. I am just informed that Samuel Heron is arrived at Laghead[244] but have not seen him. He has turned out very badly. I will endeavour, however, to get back they money at some time or other; and I am sorry you have been disappointed. I can try for another one should you think proper but after what has happened I will advance no money to such fellows but let them know of a situation if they can convey themselves to it. I have nothing particular to inform you of. We are all in health and much in the same situation as when you left us. We would have been happy to have seen you again, but your time will not allow. Janet is anxious to hear of your safe arrival at Quebec and that you will write before you sail and when you arrive at your family. I hope you will find them all well. Tell Samuel that he must take care that he does not get too warm in politicks. Interests and prejudices are no canny things to manage; but he is a youth of ability and will I hope be able to balance for a great deal depends on balancing, and the longer he leaves the more he will learn. We all join in compliments to you and family and trust you will write frequently with all the news. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
242. Matthew Toul & William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 10th April 1830
John Neilson Esquire Quebec
Sir,
I hereby agree, bind and oblige myself to Serve you for One year from and after the time I commence work with you as a farm Servant, for the sum of Twenty pounds per annum. Your Brother William here has advanced me Two pounds which you will deduct off my wages when due. I am
Sir, Your most obedient Servant, Matthew Toul[245]
134 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Dear Brother,
The bearer Matthew Toul is the Farm Servant intended for you, as you will see by the above agreement. He is a young man about twenty, a native of Tongland. If you find him worthy you will befriend him as he may find men and manners and things different from what he has been used with in this country. I trust he will turn out better than the last Sheep (Heron) sent out. He is still in Laghead with Kelly, but poor. I have got none of the money advanced him by me on your account, which you paid me when last here, but I will endeavour to get it as soon as possible, but as the saying is, there is no getting the bricks of a hiland man. I have nothing new to communicate. Our relations are much the same as when you were in the Country last. I was at Balmaghie, Springfield and Society Hall a few days ago; they were all well. Margaret has got a new house at Shankfoot; her and husband are pretty comfortable. Her son Robert has got a very good situation near Edinburgh, the parish School of Currie, worth about £150 per annum; and her son John is now Teacher of the school at Southwick, the one that Robert left. The other son, Samuel, is in England, a merchant; and her four daughters are all employed from home. Agnes’s old [i.e. oldest] son, William Ross, has been three years at College in Edinburgh; and three sons and four daughters at home all t[h]riving: Alexander, Nathan and Malcom, Anne, Isabel, Janet and Agnes. Brother Nathan’s William Neilson [is] at College; he is learning to be a Doctor. The other sons and Daughters are at home: Nathan and David and four daughters, Anne May etc. etc. Have my compliments to Samuel and William and family. I had a letter from Samuel and you last fall and should have wrote him. Trust he will excuse me as I am as anxious for his wellfare as if I was to write to him every day. Tell William to write me a few lines that I may know how the farming is going on and all the news of his place etc. This country [interlined: the p.] is preached near[l]y out of their senses and means of support, and the increase of slaves and paupers is great. The french Chambers are poor agreed by Polianicknack[246] and I think we will have a crack. At home little better: distress, corn bills etc.
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
243. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 27th December 1831
Dear John,
We were happy on receiving your letters, one for Jannet and one for me of 19th November last. They give us satisfaction to hear that you are all well, except Samuel, who is not so healthy as formerly. Tell him to take more exercise in the open air, smock [i.e. smoke] less tobacco, use good holesome food, with as little cooking after it comes from the fields as will render it palitable, and keep clear of Doctors’ drugs as much as possible. Perhaps an excursion to see his old fishing lakes and relations here, if business would allow, might be the means of improving his health, and certainly his relatives and old companions in this place and country round would rejoice to see him again. We are all getting old here; it would cheer us to have a youth having the experience of age among us. I should have written Samuel and you before this time, but events one after another caused me to put off. Remember, though you may not hear from me frequently, do not neglect, either you, Samuel or William, to write as it gives us pleasure at all times to know what is going on on your side of the Water. We lost our friend and brother in law on the 16th March last after being nearly a year in bad health, and about half a year before his decease mostly confined to bed.[247] Our Sister Jannet had a toiling time of it, to attend her Husband, post office and shop. She still continues to manage the Post office and [is] a little recovered after her labours. Charles made a Settlement and left all the property to his wife during her life; [he] appointed her and I, William McKeand his brother, Samuel Menzies and Anthony Milroy Disdaw executors, and I trust she will be comfortable. You say Matthew Toul your farm servant talks of a ramble next spring. I will endeavour to
135 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 send out in the Spring ensuing a farm Servant if I could find one likely to answer but it is not easy to find an honest industrious and steady person. I saw Matthew’s father the other day; he beged that you would let his son know that his family were well and that he would write to his father as he has only received one letter from him since he went to Canada though he has wrote him three. When you write let us know how the young men from this place are as their relations are frequently enquiring after them, Clarks etc. Our Sister Margaret and Husband still live in a comfortable new house at Shankfoot (her own) near Kirk of Balmaghie. Their family are mostly able to do for themselves. Robert is parish Teacher of Currie, 5 miles from Edinburgh. John [is a] Teacher at Southwick; is this Winter at the College. Agnes and Ross’s family are growing up. Anne, the old daughter, is married to a Teacher and Merchant in Buittle’s Garden Creek. William, the old son, has been teaching in England; is this Winter at the College, Edinburgh. 3 boys and 3 Girls at home. Springfield’s family are growing up. The old Son, William, is learning to be a Doctor; this Winter at the College. 3 or 4 boys and as many girls are at home. They are well and desire to be remembered to you. Our Sister Mary’s family, one Daughter and Father James Allan, still live at Gelston by Castle-douglas or formerly Carlinwark.[248] The weather has [illegible – page damaged] uncommonly wet and stormy since September last and still [illegible – page damaged] the grain crops, potatoes etc. were excellent last fall. There [illegible – page damaged] was past common for drought. By the papers you were [illegible – page damaged] of our reform. How it will end we cannot yet tell but few countries wants it more. I am pleased that you are reforming also, for ages back people have been preached and taxed out of of [sic] their common sense, nearly ½ of the community paupers!!! My compliments to Mrs Neilson and family. Tell Samuel to keep up his spirits. I will write him after a while.
Dear John, Yours Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
244. Janet McKeand to John Neilson
Gatehouse 27th December 1831
My Dear Brother,
I was very happy to hear that you and the Family [interlined: were all] well as it gives me great pleasure to hear of your being all in health and comfort as far as this world can aford. I was sorrey William has been so long of informing [interlined: you] of the Death of My Husband. He had a long, lingering complaint. It was thought to be consumption in the stomach but he had a mild mixture of mercies in all his trouble as he did not suffer sever[e] pain nor great sickness and had a calm time for Reflection and seemed very sinsable of his approaching Disolucion [i.e. Dissolution], but you may believe me me [sic] Dear brother it has been a very painful seperation to me but it has been the will of God that I should be left alon for a little. I have studied to be as submisief [i.e. submissive] to god’s will as my weak natur would allow but it ought to be a powerful lesson to me and all friends to be diligent to our Everlasting peas [i.e. peace] for these things will be our greatest consolation at the [h]our of death. I have reason to be thankful that I am very comfortable with all my friends. William and Isabella is still in the house with me. As to my Worldly sircumstance I trust I will have as much as will enabled me to live in the same comfort and Respectability as formerly and that is all I Desier [i.e. desire] but we do not [k]now what adverse circumstance may soon take place but we most [i.e. must] hope for the best. I was sorrey to hear that Samuel has been complaining but I hope there is nothing serious. Present my best respecks to Mrs Neilson and all the family. Tell William that wee [sic] long for his letter but will still be happy to recive one from him to give us all the news now he is getting on since he has been a farmer, a husband and a father, and how the Tobaca [i.e. Tobacco] grows. No more at present but remain
Yours affectionet sister, Jannet McKeand
136 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
245. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet [no date given] April 1832
Dear John,
The bearer Mr Fleming Smith, with his family, intends to settle in Upper Canada and try for a piece of Land. Our Sister Janet and I are very anxious that he may do well and beg that you would give him every information that might be in your power, how he should proceed that he might be successful. Perhaps when you see him, you will know him. He is a Son of the late Mr John Smith of this place, and when you were here you visited at his father’s house. They were always friendly to our Mother and family. Perhaps you may have a piece of land yourself that might suit him. He is a Lieutenant in the Army and has half pay. If he could get settled and have health, he may do well. I have nothing very particular since I wrote you in December last. Our relations here, Margaret, Agnes and Nathaniel and their families, are in health and desire to be remembered to you, Mrs Neilson, Samuel, William and family. Jannet, Bell and I join in compliments to you and family. Jannet, Bell and I still live in the same house and Janet continues to manage the post office. Last winter has been uncommonly mild, little or no frost. The weather at present is remarkably fine and crops of every kind a putting into the ground, the season being very favourable for outdoor work; and provisions very cheap, being a fortunate circumstance, for I think nearly the half of the community are verging on mendicity and will become troublesome to the preachers and tax makers before long. Emigration is likely to go on to a great extent this Spring and Summer. Should you have lands to let you may be able to pick out some useful farmers. The reform Bill[249] has passed the Commons and into the House of Lords and how this great measure will end is not known, but reform in the country is much wanted. The Bishops and Torys are exerting themselves to the outmost to get clear of the measure, against the King, ministers and people. I intend to send you a farm servant, his name is Thomas Edgar, a native of Balmaghie age between twenty and thirty; he may perhaps be with you before you receive this. Tell Samuel the Loch trout fishing is just setting in and it would give me pleasure to see him again on the borders of the Galloway Lochs and rivers working the finny race towards the shilvery [i.e. ?silvery] shore in safety and partaking at times of the hospitality of the natives of the high lands. Write me by the return of the first Ships from your harbour. I am
Dear John ever, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
246. Thomas Edgar and William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 4th April 1832
John Neilson Esquire Quebec
Sir,
I hereby agree to be a Farm Servant to you, for one year after commencing your work, my wages to be Twenty pounds per annum, or on the same terms as Matthew Toul. Your Brother William has advanced me Two pounds which you will stop out of my wages. I am Sir,
Your most obedient and very Humble Servant, Thomas Edgar[250]
137 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Dear Brother,
The bearer, Mr Thomas Edgar, is the farm servant I have sent you according to the agreement as above. I hope he will do well. He is a native of Balmaghie. I think you will recollect the name; his Father’s folks lived in Camp douglas.[251] His mother is a distant relation of ours; his Grandmother and our mother were Cousins. I trust you will encourage him and any odd time he may have to spend it in useful Learning, counting, writeing etc. and a little french would be very useful. I have no particular news to communicate. Janet, Bell and I still live in the same house and join in Compliments to you and family. Remember me to William and Samuel, and tell the Clarks that their father and mother are well and that they should write more frequently to them.
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
247. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 19th February 1833
Dear Brother,
I take the opportunity of Mr John Coltart and son, who will leave here tomorrow for New York, to write you a few lines informing you that we are in health. I expected that you would have wrote me last fall informing how you were pleased with your new Servant Thomas Edgar[252] and particularly how you were all after so much sickness and distress about Quebec and Montreal. Our Sister here and I were very anxious to know if you and family had escaped the destroying malady. We had a few cases of Cholera here last Harvest which cost the Town and parish about £150 for Drs. medicine etc. etc., but thankful we got off so. In Dumfries it was alarming, nearly 2,000 Died.[253] No cares in the Country at present, thank God. The parents and relatives of the farm Servants that went out to you are very urgent to hear of them as they are backward in writing to their friends here. Please on receipt of this letter write me all the particulars about them that I may inform their relations here. My Compliments to Samuel and thank him for me for the American news papers he sent me last fall per Captain Kissock and say he might have wrote me a few lines along with them. Desire him to write me frequently. I confess I did not answer his so regularly but he will pay no attention to that as it means nothing. I am at all times pleased to hear of what is a doing on your side of the Water. We have got a reformed House of Commons now and trust that State Religions will make no farther progress in making Beggers and slaves, nearly half of the community of the united Kingdom are verging to this deplorable condition. Nathan, Margaret, Agnes and Janet all desire to be remembered to you and family. We are going much in the same way as when you were here. I expect you will pay us a visit yet. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
P.S. Tell William to write me all the news and how he is succeeding at the farming. W. N.
248. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 1st May 1833
Dear Brother,
I wrote you last March per Mr John Coltart, a native of this village. I now take the opportunity of Mr John McWilliam, who is going to America to try for a place and return for his wife and
138 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 family. Should he arrive at Quebec, I beg that you would be kind to him and give any useful information regarding the country or otherwise. He is a native of this place and very respectably connected. Since I wrote you last, our Sister Janet, Bell and I have been in health and continue to manage the Post Office here etc. Trusting that this letter will find you and your family all well. A few days ago I was at Balmaghie and saw Margaret and William Palmer. They have a comfortable new house I got built for them a few years ago on a feu from the Laird of Livingston. Their children, viz.: Robert is Parish Schoolmaster of Currie, about five miles from Edinburgh, he has five or six children boys and girls; John is Teacher at Southwick, Colvend, and his Sister Margaret keeps house for him; Janet Palmer is a Widow Harris, has three Daughters nearly able to do for themselves; Mary Palmer is at Service. Sister Agnes and Alexander Ross are still living at Bridge of Dee. They have eight children: William is teaching in Edinburgh and at College and expects to Preach; Anne Ross is married to a Mr Dalling, a Teacher in Buittle at Palnacky on the right bank of the orr [i.e. Urr], a sea port village, they keep a Grocery and Spirit Shop; Isabel Ross, Alexander, Nathaniel, Janet, Agnes and Malcolm are at home with their Parents, all active youths. Brother Nathan of Springfield has nine or ten Children. William, the old son, is at Edinburgh learning to be a Doctor and expects to be passed a Surgeon this Spring. The others (Anne, Mary etc., boys and Girls) are at home with their Parents; [a] healthy, good looking family. Our late Sister Mary Nielson’s daughter, Christy Allan, [is] married to Commeling [and] has six children, mostly young. The old Son, William, is able to work and is of service to the family. They are healthy and stout children. Our Brothers and Sisters and relations in this country are all very anxious to hear from you. Also the Parents and relations of the men servants sent out to you are particularly concerned to know if they are alive after so much sickness and distress, viz. the Clarks, M. Toul and Thomas Edgar etc. etc. Do write immediately all the particulars that you know about them, or tell Samuel or William to write me. William promised to write us when he left here, but we have not seen any of his Letters as yet. All relations and friends here desire to be kindly remembered to you, Mrs Neilson and Family. This Spring has been very backward: snow, frost and rain have prevented getting the seeds so well put into the ground. At present the weather is mild and Spring commencing cheerfully. Reform is going on, emancipation of the Jews etc. etc. etc. and I trust all Germany will move ere long;[254] the divine right is fast exploding and the jugglers will disappear and the long lost rights of the community will in some measure be restored. The emigration from this country this year is very considerable. A great many of the middle and respectable classes are moving off to a better and less burdened country where the reward for industry is not taken from them by Laws made by the few self-Elected Lords on earth etc. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
Excuse errors. W. N.
249. William and Margaret Palmer to John Neilson
Balmaghie Kirk 12th April 1834
Dear Brother,
I embrace this opportunity to inform you that your Sister Margaret and me are in our ordinary health at present, thank God for it, hoping this will find you and your family in the same state. The bearer, John Charters, is the oldest Son of Alexander Charters in Morison,[255] your old school fellow and my neighbour, and we thought that if he wished to stop near your place you could recom[m]e[n]d him to some situation to work. He is an honest, decent, inofencive young man and a good worker at all kinds of work in this place. I think plowing is the only thing that he is not compleet in as his Brother mostly did that part of the work at home. His neighbour is
139 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 likwise a decent, honest lad. His name is James Glendining. You had a friend of his with you, one Mathew Tole, and he says he wishes to call on him if he can find him out. We heard from Gatehouse lately and they were all in good health, and Mr and Mrs Ross and family are also in good health, and Mr and Mrs Neilson Springfield’s family and all well. Our family is all left us now and doing for themselves and Margaret and me alone as we were when we were first joint together but now grown old and frail and some of them coming to see us now and then. We would be happy to receive a letter from you any time when you find it convenient. We remain your loving and affec[t]i[o]nate Brother and Sister,
William and Margaret Palmer excuse bad writing.
I do not know how to adress a letter to you right but I will put your name on it and the lads may try to find you.
250. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 21st May 1834
Dear John,
I have not been favoured with any letters from you since yours of the 18th April 33, though I think I have written to you and Samuel several times since without receiving or hearing from any of you for a long while. As we are now advanced in years I should be happy to hear from you frequently and particularly if any events happen in the family. My Sister Janet, I and Bell still live in the same house and continues to manage the Post Office, sometimes complaining, but in a general way have tolerable health. Sister Margaret and Husband are still living at Shankfoot. Robert and John are Schoolmasters, the one at Southwick and the other at Currie parish, near Edinburgh, and Samuel in England a merchant; the Daughters are at service, the family able to do for themselves. Sister Agnes and Husband still live at Society Hall. The old Son, William, is a teacher in Edinburgh and making himself ready for a Kirk or a State religion teacher, likely now to be a bad trade.[256] Anne is married to a Mr Dalling and keeps shop at Palnacky in Buittle on the River Orr. The other three boys and three Girls are at home: Alexander, Nathan and Malcolm at education; the lasses, Isabel, Janet and Agnes, are able to assist their mother. They are all active children and may do well. Springfield has a large family of ten. William, the old son, has passed as Surgeon and is looking out for a situation. Anne and Mary, the two oldest daughters, are hansome young women. The other boys and Girls are active, good looking children, at education and very capable of learning. Springfield himself is upwards of seventy and been rather sickly this Spring but recovering. Mary Neilson’s daugh[t]er Christie Allan died this winter and has left six Boys and Girls, helpless children. Their father, Commeling, is alive; an idle sandblind man [who] does little or nothing to support his family. Our sister Janet and I join in compliments to you, Mrs Neilson, Samuel and William and family, and request that some of you will write us now and then that we may know what is going on in your place, as we hear of movement among the people of Lower Canada not very favourable to State dron[e]s or divine right torys supported by State religions all over Europe till one half of the middle class are nearly reduced to paupers. Such a state of Society cannot last long. Our reform Bill is working and I trust for good. It is well in times of excitement to join the middle class of society as there is no possibility of keeping clear altogether. The bearer of this leaves Gatehouse this evening to sail from Annan direct to Quebec. He is a Mr Shepherd; has been in Canada. His son in law and his daughter goes out with him, a Mr Bell a cabinet maker. They will give you all the news of this place as they have resided here for some time. Brothers and Sisters desire kindly to be remembered to you and family, in full expectation to hear from you soon, and give us a little of the history of the farm servants that went to you as their friends are often enquiring for them. I am
140 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
We have very fine Spring weather, the crops of all kinds doing well at present, and the country is getting on its gay summer appearance; provisions of all sort moderate in price. W. N.
251. Nathaniel Neilson to John Neilson
Springfield 29th July 1834
My Dear Brother,
The Bearer of this letter, Mr McKnaught, is a most Respectable Gentleman who with his Wife and Family is about to sail for the City of Quebec to purchase lands in Canada. I believe he has very considerable means for that purpose. He applyed to me for for [sic] a letter of introduction to you, which I most gladly give. Any attention you may be pleased to pay him and advice in Respect to the Nature of the Country, the best part to settle in etc. etc. will be a very great favour conferred on me and I am certain he will be grateful for all favours. Our Friends here are all well. My Wife and Family joins me in best wishes to you, Mrs Neilson and Family on your side of the great Waters. I am
My Dear Brother, Yours Faithfully, Nathaniel Neilson
P.S. I shall be most happy to hear from you when convenient.
Our Son William has been stud[y]ing Physic for these six years past in Edinburgh. About eighteen months ago he took out a Diploma as a Surgeon. He is at present in England. May I beg the favour of you to inform me if there is any encouragement for a young man of his profession in Canada. I am much against his going to the West Indies, the only place I have any Interest in. N. N.
252. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 26th October 1834
Dear John,
It is with sorrow I have to inform you of the death of our much respected Brother Nathaniel of Springfield, who died on Wednesday the st1 October instant about 8 o’clock evening; much regrated by his relatives, neighbours and numerous acquaintances for correctness in all his transactions with his fellow mortals. He was interred on the 6th instant in Buittle Church Yard, a little to the North of the Grave where our Father and Mother remains. The funeral was attended by the most respectable people of Castledouglas and Parish of Crosmichail [i.e. Crossmichael]. He has left a Widow and ten children to deplore his loss, six Girls and four Boys. The oldest son, William, is a Surgeon and said to be clever; sailed a few weeks before his father’s death from Liverpool as Doctor on board of a vessel for the East Indies and not expected back for fourteen or fifteen months. Nathaniel, a younger son, is with a Mr Lidderdale learning to be a writer in Castle Douglas.[257] David and Andrew are at home at school. Anna and Mary are grown up women at home. The other four Girls are young, the oldest not above twelve years of age. The property left is almost nine thousands, which with industry and economy may be of the greatest importance to the family and more so as they appear to be all active children capable of learning of any sort.
141 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Sister Margaret’s family are all up to be men and women, two of the sons Schoolmasters, Robert in the parish of Currie in a very good situation, John in the parish of Southwick doing very well. Samuel has been in England, a merchant, for twelve years; was home seeing his father and mother a few days ago. The Daughters are grown up, one here, one with John and one at service in Dumfries. The old one, Janet, was married to Herris, a Joiner; had 3 Daughters, the oldest one got married the other day. Agnes has four Sons and four Daughters: William, Alexander, Nathaniel, Malcolm, Anne, Isabel, Janet and Agnes, the youngest about eight years age. William is a teacher in Edinburgh and attending College and may get a Kirk. Anne Ross is married to a Mr Dalling and lives at Palnacky, a little village, a seaport on the water of Orr; keeps a shop and public house. The other boys and Girls are at home at Bridge of Dee. You will have heard before this that both Houses of Parliament are burned to ashes in London. It took place in the evening of Thursday, was eight days.[258] Our Sister Janet begs that you will write immediately on receipt of this as there has been no letter from you, Samuel or William for a year and one half. I should be very Happy to hear from you twice a year by return of the first Spring vessel and in the fall by the last vessels before the ice sets in. As all the family are advanced in years now, it might be well to communicate with one- another more frequently. I beg you will let me have all the news how your family is getting on. My Sister Bell and I still live together and desire to be remembered to Mrs Neilson and family. Reform going on but slowly in this Bishop Governed Land. I was sorry to hear of the sickness in Montreal and Quebec[259] but I trust you are all safe. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
253. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 10th May 1835[260]
Dear John,
It was with pleasure I received your letter from Liverpool informing me of you and your son John having arrived safe from New York and on your way to London. The news gave our Sister Jannet and I a liveliness and satisfaction to think that we will see each other again in our native land, after faceing the storms of many Winters. All relations, friends and acquaintances desire to be remembered to you, and in expectation of seeing you ere long. If John was here he might get a lesson of English pretty correctly, as we have a Mr George Dun from Edinburgh Parish Schoolmaster of Girthon and is supposed an excellent teacher of the English language and other branches of Learning. Should you see the Honourable R. C. Fergusson M.P. for the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright,[261] please remember me to him and say that I attended his election the other day at Kirkcudbright. We were a little annoyed before the election with a Tory Hoax but I trust the friends of reform will keep a sharp lookout; for they Tories are truly master jugglers and the Parsons their chiefs. Think of the Times newspaper and South Devon election;[262] a lesson may be found there for the friends of Good Laws and cheap Government. Our Sister Jannet, Bell and I desire to be remembered to John and will be happy to see him at Gatehouse. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
P.S. When time can be spared let us hear the news from London. Perhaps you may see Dr Alexander Brown of Langlands, 23rd Regiment welsh fussiliers. W. N.
142 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
254. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 7th June 1835[263]
Dear John,
I was favoured with yours of 31st last and 1st instant informing me of John’s departure from London for this place. He arrived here yesterday about half past one P.M. in good health and faired well on his passage to Leith and Gatehouse. After receiving your letter of the 1st Instant I wrote to William Ross, a son of Agnes who is a Teacher in Edinburgh, to try to find John out. He accordingly went to the Walter Scott and fell in with him and went in the coach with John part of the way towards Dumfries. His Aunt and I were happy to see him; he is a fine Boy and lively. We shall pay attention to your instructions. He says he likes Gatehouse better than London. He has been up to see Mr John Brown and several others, and has got an invitation to Thomas Sproat’s, Rainton. Dr Charles Kennedy and Dr William Dennison (son of the late James Dennison,[264] our old teacher in Balmaghie) are frequently out a trouting. John can have a ramble with them for a day or two before he begins his English, Writing and counting. The weather is very warm today. The Summer is set in now after nearly four weeks rain and cold. The crops look well, though rather late. Jannet, Bell, I and relations and acquaintances desire to be remembered to you. Should you fall in with an honest reforming paper you might send us one to amuse us. John has wrote you a few lines on the other side.[265]
Dear John, Yours Affectionately, Will Neilson
255. John Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 7th June 1835
Dear papa,
I arrived here yesterday at half past one in the afternoon, by the mail coach, and found my aunt and uncle in health. I arrived at Leith on Thursday last. I was well used on board, and found William Ross in Edinburgh. He was in health and received me friendly. I think that I like Gatehouse as well as London. My compliments when you write home.
Dear papa, Your loveing Son, John Neilson
256. John Neilson Jr to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 19th June 1835
Dear Father,
I received your kind letter ritten in French. I not bening [i.e. being] able to read that language, got my friends here to assist me and made it out tolerably well, and I am happy to be informed that you had a letter from Samuel, and that my Mother, Sisters and William were well. I have commenced my studies with Mr. Dun (school-master of this Parish) learning English Grammar, spelling, and reading, and will attend to your instructions. I was at the play the other night. The subject was Willie Marshall the old tinker, Gypsies,
143 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Levellers, Songs, etc. I and my Aunt, bell, and Uncle are well and have their Compliments to you. When you write home remember me to my mother, sisters and brothers. I am
Dear father, Your loveing Son, John Neilson
257. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 28th July 1835
Dear John,
I hope you and Jonnie are arrived safe in Glasgow. Jannet returned Sunday evening between 9 and 10 O’C and we are moving on as usual. [The] same night I forward your Clock per coach and last night forwarded paper, the £, a letter franked and a parcel per coach. I trust you will receive all safe. On leaving Glasgow let me have your address in case any thing farther for you should come here. Lose no time to get across the sea befor the stormy weather set in. Hear the stories of the reformers as well as the Torys. This country has been long taxed by establishment and privileged classes till nearly the half are paupers and I trust the mass of the people will not run to riot in claiming their great rights: good Laws and cheap Governments. I am
Dear Brother, Yours Truly, Will Neilson
258. John Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Glasgow 30th July 1835
Dear Samuel,
I have been here since Monday evening having come from Gatehouse by the way of New Galloway and Dalmellington, Ayr, Kilmarnock, etc. On Thursday was some visiting. Yesterday down at Greenock where we have engaged our passage on the Canada (Captain Allen) for Quebec, to sail as advertised on the 7th August but probably not before the 10th. She is a good vessel and comfortable cabins. John and I will have one of the state rooms if we do not choose to give them up to Ladies. Two of Chief Justice Seuall’s[266] sons have spoken of their passage in the same vessel. I shall be in Paisley on Sunday to hear a Mr Cook preach who has been talked of as a likely person to go to Canada.[267] I shall be sorry, however, if there should be any dissension in our congregation. [The following paragraph is concerned mostly with Canadian affairs]. My love to Mrs Neilson and the family, and compliments to all. I hope to be at Quebec by the 20th September.
I remain you affectionate father, J Neilson
John is well and joins me in remembrances to the family and others. He has still about 20 shillings left of his money and talks of buying something for his sisters. He probably may take a run into the highlands six 6 [sic] weeks [i.e. days]. I was at Dr Chrystal’s today and have news of all former acquaintances. JN
144 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
259. William Neilson to Samuel Neilson Jr
Gatehouse of Fleet 3rd February 1836
Dear Samuel,
I had a letter from your Father from Quebec of 22nd November last per Mr Pemberton, Merchant, who was going home by way of New York. I was happy to know that your father and family were well, but your Aunt here and I were very sorry to hear that you were in ill health and had been absent from business since the 1st June last and from the country since the 11th July and from New York on the 12th November on board the Ivanhoe, Captain Strong, for Madeira to pass the Winter. I sincerely hope that the mild climate of Madeira will improve your health and that you will be able to return to business with pleasure; and it might be well you not to be over anxious or to make too much application at business, as the whole object of obtaining property is that we may have the means of making ourselves and relatives more comfortable so long as we may be spared in existance here. I hope you will make yourself as cheerful and lively with friendly company on the Island. I should be very happy to see you again at Gatehouse and starting with the Rod and basket for the Pool of the Ness, Lochfleet, Lochgrannoch or Loch Whinnie etc. I think that the sports of the fields would be of service in restoring health. Your Aunts Margaret, Agnes and Janet are sorry and concerned to hear of your indisposition and desire to be remembered to you in the kindest manner, and will be happy to know of your recovery. Your father forgot to give me your address. However, I thought I would write you, and should you ever receive this letter, I beg that you will write me all particulars with regard to your health as all relations there and your old accquaintances would be happy to know of your wellfare. The weather this Winter has been very changeable: snow, frost, wind and rain. Last fall was very unfavorable: crops of all kinds badly got of all sorts. Sickness in all the Principal Towns is very considerable with influenza. Your Aunt, Bell and I join in the kindest manner for your recovery and will be glad to hear from you. I am
Dear Samuel, Your Affectionate Uncle, Will Neilson
260. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 25th December 1836
Dear John,
I was favoured with yours of 22nd November last, also yours of last fall informing me of you and John having arrived safe and found the family in their usual way. I would have written you, but you mentioned that you would write soon again, more fully. We are all here sorry to hear of Samuel’s bad state of health and that he has been caused to retire from business. It must give you much additional labour, but I trust the climate of Madeira will improve his health and that he will soon be able to return to business. If you had given me Samuel’s address it would have enabled me to have written him. However, I think I shall write him and perhaps the letter may find him out. When you write me again let me have his address. Should he be able, he perhaps will pay us a visit, which would give us much pleasure to see him again trouting along the Fleet and Lochs in the neighbourhood. Our Sisters Margaret, Janet and Agnes are much the same as when you were last here. Margaret’s two sons, Robert and John, are both married and comfortable, being Parish Schoolmasters, and Samuel, the other son (named for our Brother), is in England, a merchant. Agnes has two Daughters married to merchants, one in Castledouglas, the other at Palnackie, Buittle Parish; have families, and two at home. Sons William Ross, Alexander, Nathan and Malcolm. William is now licensed to Preach the Gospel and has given the Balmaghie Folks a day’s preaching, also Kelton and Crosmichail [i.e. Crossmichael] each a day (say two hours), but as yet without a
145 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Kirk. However, he makes out very well as a Teacher in Edinburgh. Alexander is in England, a Merchant. Nathaniel is a Writer, C. Douglas, with Mr Lidderdale. Malcolm is at school with Mr Sturgeon.[268] Mrs Neilson of Springfield has nine Children. Sons William, Nathaniel, David and Andrew. William is a Doctor; has been since at the East Indies and is about starting for Mexico, South America, to follow his profession and commerce; a very clever young man he is. Nathaniel [is] a Writer with Mr Lidderdale, Castle Douglas. The younger children are at home and at school. Please inform William Clark’s sons that their father and mother are still in Enrick both advanced in years and at times very frail. If the sons have it in their power, a little would be very acceptable to help them in their old age. I beg you will give them a hint of this that industrious old people may not be in want. I have been on the lookout for a good farm servant to send out to you in the Spring but as yet I have not found one. They think they should have great wages when they go abroad and that £18 currency is too little. However, I think one may be found for that sum. Remember me to C. Roy, who is still in the house at Quebec. The weather has been very unfavorable all this year and at present we have Snow and frost very severe. The crops of all sorts were ill got and a part of the oats still in the fields, rendered almost useless for men or beast. I am afraid it will be a hard Winter and Spring for the poor who are increasing since the deadly and Expensive wars to agrandise a few at the expense of the many. I trust you will keep clear of such on your side of the water. Janet and I are much concerned and sorry for Samuel’s illness and would be happy to hear of his recovery, and request that you would write frequently to give the particulars. The trees you sent to [illegible – page damaged] arrived safe and put under the care of the Gardner who [illegible – page damaged] them on good ground, and they are mostly growing. I [illegible – page damaged] them frequently during Summer. Bella and Mary Carson have their compliments to John. They have been amused with the Gull, or chick. He flew off in the Harvest down the Fleet as far as Rough Point; was absent about eight days when Bell called him off the wing near the draw Bridge. Indeed, he was a favorite with us all but he is no more; he ceased to take meat for eight days before he died. Our Sisters and Brothers in Law desire to be remembered to you, Mrs Neilson and family. Friends and accquaintances kindly desire to be remembered you and Mr John. Mrs McKeand and I join in best wishes for you and your family. I hope John will be able to drop me a few lines. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
261. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 14th January 1838
Dear John,
I received yours with grief of the 23rd June and 2nd September per Mr Henry Park, who remained with us for four or five days and was well pleased with this place. He said he would write you all the news of this part, and said if he received any letters or news papers from you he would inform us. Your Sisters and families and I are truly sorry for you and family, and sympathise with you for the loss of Samuel and your youngest daughter but we are well aware that afflictions must be, and we must submit to the will of a wise providence. As you desired I enquired if any of the Springfield family would go out to you, but none of them are in a situation at present to go, the old son William is a Doctor and has got a very good place in the East Indies, and sails from London about this time. Ross’s family: William is in Edinburgh teaching and preaching; his brother Nathaniel Neilson Ross, about nineteen years of age, is a writer with James Lidderdale Esquire from whom you have a Certificate in favour of N. Neilson Ross; he is a stout healthy young man and I think he might be useful to you and himself; he is willing to go out; as he observes by the public journals here that the Canadian revolt is in a
146 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 great measure at an end and peace be restored. Mr Alexander Ross has had another son, named Malcolm, about fourteen years of age; has been at the Latin for three years, and would be willing to go out to you at some future period; he is a very good learner. Should you think it proper that N. Neilson Ross should go out to you the first Spring you will write him all the particulars what he might expect, and how to proceed. I have recommended that he should practice a little of the military art as well as the French Language that he might be useful in Canada. Sister Margaret’s old son Robert Palmer [interlined: parish schoolmaster of Currie] has a son William, about 17 years of age; he has been at the College in Edinburgh two seasons; he is a very clever boy, and an excellent scholar, you might write his Father should you think of him. I was at Edinburgh last April and stopped at Currie with Robert Palmer and I found his family well educated and active Children. We are much concerned about the disturbance in Canada, but hope the inhabitants will be convinced of errors on both sides and return to moderation, peace, and reform of abuses. I am of opinion that taxation with you is very moderate compared with Old Countries, and if the people had Education and learn to think for themselves, they might be happy and comfortable. We would be happy to have a letter from you soon with the news, as we are all anxious to know what is going on. Janet, Bell and I join in compliments to you and family; mind me to Little John and William. Mrs Edgar requests that her son would write her and that a little money to her would be very serviceable. Relations and friends desire to be remembered to you. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, William Neilson
P.S. Sister Janet and I beg that you would favour us with a newspaper once a month or so. W.N.
[William’s letter was appended to the following:]
Castle Douglas 8th December 1837
Mr Nathaniel Neilson Ross, son of Mr Ross at Society Hall, has been in my office for upwards of three years, and during that time he has conducted himself in the most sturdy, industrious and trust worthy manner. He is a young man of good talents.
James Lidderdale
262. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 13th August 1838
Dear Brother,
I intended to send this letter by the Brig Ocean, Captain Wilkinson, from Kirkcudbright direct to Quebec but was too late; she had sailed a few hours before the letter arrived. Should you see Captain Wilkinson at your place, as he intends to return to Whitehaven, you could send a few lines with him when he returns informing us of what is going on in Canada as we have not heard from you since Mr Henry Park was here last year (except newspapers addressed by your son John) and we are all anxious to know how you and your family are as the country must be in a troubled state, and many in distress, and I am sorry to think that you have had your share of it, but I hope more pleasant days will come when all will be well. Our Sister Jannet, Isabel Palmer and I are still here much the same as when you and John left us when last here; getting older and, of course, may expect infirmities. Our Sister Margaret at Shankfoot is as well as can be expected at her time in life. Her sons are all doing for themselves. Robert and John are Schoolmasters, Robert in parish of Currie by Edinburgh and John in Parish of Colvend by Dumfries; are well liked in both places. Samuel is in England, Walsall, a travelling merchant, and two Daughters at home, Margaret and Mary, but are frequently at service. Our Sister Agnes of Society Hall, her family. William is a teacher and preacher mostly in Edinburgh. He preached in Girthon a few weeks ago, was thought well of and pleased the hearers.
147 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
He happened to be here at the time of Doctor William Dennison’s death of Typhus fever; you will recollect that he was the only son of our old Schoolmaster Mr James Dennison formerly in Balmaghie, Laurieston, Quintinespy, Uroch, Brigstone etc. The death of his son was very much regreted in this place. Nathaniel Ross is Writer and has got a situation in Edinburgh and is improving his french should you wish him to got out to Canada. Daughters Ann and Janet Ross are both married to merchants, one a[t] Castle Douglas, Ann at Palnackie Buittle on the Orr. Mary, Agnes and Malcolm are at home. I have been paying Malcolm’s School wages for three years past; he is learning Latin and Greek, writing etc. with Mr Sturgeon, Castle Douglas. He is about 14 years of age and supposed to be clever. Our late Brother Nathan’s family. William, the old son, a Doctor, sailed to the East Indies last Winter; he has got a situation there and I hope will do well. Nathaniel is a writer with Mr Lidderdale, C. Douglas, a fine young man and I trust will do well. Anna, the oldest Daughter, was married a few months ago to a Mr William Barber, a Banker, Castle Douglas, said to be a good match. Three daughters and little Andrew are at home with their mother in Springfield. All relations desires to be remembered to you and family. My compliments to William and John. I hope either the one or the other will write me the news. The weather has been very wet during the summer and still continues. The crops will, it is thought, be a month later than last year. I beg you will not be long in writing as Jenny is very anxious to hear from you. I heard of Mr Henry Park the other day, he is in Liverpool, printing and doing well. Should you know anything of Matthew Toul as as [sic] his father is anxious about him; tell Clark the same, and all the others, to know if they are still living. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
263. John Neilson to William Neilson (copy)
Montreal 28th February 1839
My dear Brother,
I have been here on public bussiness as a Member of the Legislative Council of the Province constituted under the act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom suspending the Ordinary Legislative.[269] I should have written you last fall but the state of public affairs rendered me dubious about giving you a definitive answer respecting my sister Agnes’ son who was proposing to come out to Canada. Things are not yet in that state which gives us much security or peace and applying ourselves exclusively to bussiness. People in the Canadas and the frontiers are become pretty quiet, but disturbances have broke out in the New Brunswick frontier which may lead to war with the United States. I allude to the attempt of the authority in the state of Main to exercise Jurisdiction over the disputed Territory in that quarter which jurisdiction has hitherto been held by Great Britain. It is probable that the people of Maine and New Brunswick will resort to actual hostilities and bloodshed and no one can tell how far it may be carried when reason yields to the feelings usually excited on such occasions.[270] If my nephew wishes to risk coming to America under such circumstances, and thinks himself qualified for keeping the accounts and looking after the management of a newspaper and the pecuniary concerns of the establishment with my assistance, he may come in the course of the Spring or Summer. You can advance his expenses by way of Greenock or otherwise, which I will reimburse. He probably might be qualified hereafter to take a share in the bussiness with my Son John, who is in the Shop, William continuing the farming at Valcartier. Isabel and Margaret have also a share in the property; it having been left by Samuel to his brothers and sisters. My Nephew would be boarded in the House and might expect a pecuniary allowance of say of Sterling Six Pounds for the first year augmenting Twelve Pounds annually for three years. But I wish him to be guided in this matter by his own determination and [the] Head of his family.
148 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Myself and family are in tolerable health partly being at Quebec and partly at Carouge [interlined: as circumstances require]. My love to Sister Jannet and all my relations and [interlined: kind] compliments to all accquaintances.
Your affectionate brother, John Neilson
264. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 31st March 1839
Dear Brother,
It gives us much pleasure to know by your letter of 28th February last that you and family were well. We are anxious to hear of peace with you and beg that you or any of your sons would write us at any time convenient for we have been thinking long to hear from you. Please have our respects to little John for his attention in sending us Newspapers, and Mary Carson desired to be remembered to him, and his other neighbours while here. I send this letter by the ship Maria of Harrington,[271] Captain J. Hargraves; [it] is to load a cargo of Timber from Messrs Lemesurier Tiltstone and Co. of Quebec[272] for Mr Thomas Sproat, Kirkcudbright.[273] I would feel much obliged to you to give Captain Hargraves any hints that might be of service to him with regard to buying spars or otherwise as the captain is a stranger in your place. Mr Sproat, for whom the wood is for, is a particular friend of ours. He said if you would buy for me one of the largest and best American Red Pine Logs and my name scribed on it, that the freight to Kirkcudbright should cost me nothing, and should you have any thing to send home it should also be free. Nathaniel Neilson Ross is at present in Edinburgh at the Law and is learning French. I will send him a copy of what you say about his going to Quebec and let him determing for himself. I think he could not do better. If he should go I will advance him the money to take him across. He stops with his brother the Reverend William Ross and Nathaniel Neilson of Springfield; they Lodge together at Mrs Hamilton’s Lodge, Edinburgh.[274] Should he determing to go I will write you by post, or he may write you himself. Your Sisters Margaret and Agnes are in their ordinary state of health, now considerably advanced in life. Their families are well. Mr Alexander Ross has been poorly in health for some weeks but I hope he will get better. He lost his money by Colonel Gordon of Greenlaw; has vexed him a good dale [i.e. deal] and has hurt the family very much but they are mostly grown up to be able to do for themselves. Springfield family are well. The old Daughter, Anna, is married to a Mr Barber, Castle Douglas; doing well. Dr William Neilson is in the East Indies; likes the climate well and is improved in health. He is with the Army advancing to the campain, should there be one. Our Laird, A. Murray Esq., is now member for the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright.[275] It is expected he will please his constituents, being on the reform side. The masses are not very settled at present in England. The weather here has been very wet and backward for putting the seed into the ground. We have got nothing done in the yard yet. Our Sister Jannet and I join in our best respects to you and family wishing you peace and comfort. I am
Dear John, Your Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
149 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
265. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 3rd July 1839
Dear John,
The bearer, Mr N. Ross, will hand you this note. I have advanced him according to your instructions the sum of Thirty Pounds Sterling, for which he will account to you for. He is a young man I hope will do well for himself and you, and may be of service in keeping accounts and collecting outstanding debts, as he knows a little of the Scotch Law etc. You will give him what information you can to be useful and to have health. Your Sisters Agnes and Janet and indeed all relations and friends here desire to be kindly remembered to you and hope to see you again in your native country. The trees you sent to Cally are growing finely and the Gardner is very attentive to them. Remember me to Mr John and all your family.
Dear Brother, Yours affectionately, Will Neilson
266. Barbara Neilson to John Neilson
Springfield 24th February 1842
My Dear Sir,
I have taken the liberty to write you respecting a friend of mind [i.e. mine], a Mr Johnston. He left this Country for America about two years ago for Antioch.[276] I had a letter from him last week, he says he does not like that part of the Country and thinks of going to Quebec in the Spring. He wished me to give him a letter of Introduction to you. I would esteem it a great favor if you would assist him in getting a situation. He is a man of a Excellent Character, has got a Good education and was much Respected in this Country. I hope your family are a[ll] well and that Nathan Ross is given Satisfaction. Would you be so kind to give my Best Regards to him. Your Brother and Sisters are all well and appear comfortable and happy. I am sorry to say that I have had a good deal of distress in my family of late. My Eldest Daughter, Mrs Barbour, died on the 13 of November and since that her little boy, about 9 months old. Mary, my Second Daughter, has not had a day’s health since her Sister’s death. I will be most happy to see you in this part of the Country. I ever am
My Dear Sir, Your affectionate friend, Barbara Neilson
267. William Neilson to John Neilson
Gatehouse of Fleet 21st March 1845
Dear John,
It is a long while since I had a letter from you. I beg you will write me and let me know how you and family are. I understand that your son John is married and will be happy, and William and family are doing well. I have heard that Nathan Ross is left you and in the Custom-house at Quebec. I presume you would stop the £30 I advanced to him when he left this place. His Brother William is now Minister of the parish of Kintore near Aberdeen. Malcolm, the youngest son, is in Edinburgh Teaching and at College and is getting well educated. I paid his school wages 5 years with Mr Sturgeon, Castle Douglas, and hope he will be a useful member of Society. Sister Margaret has a house of her own that I got built for her at Shankfoot, near Brigstone,
150 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 where we used to attend school when in Dornald. I mind of a very large pike we got on a Sundy morning at the bog and loch and Agnes trailed it home and it was alive when our mother returned from Kirk. Sister Agnes lives at Palnackie or Garden creeck, parish of Buittle. She has her second Daughter, Isabel, with her. Ann, the oldest daughter, keeps shop in the same village; married to Mr Dalling. Alexander Ross is a packman at Wolverhampton. Margaret’s sons and daughters are: Robert, Schoolmaster of Currie Parish; John, Schoolmaster, Rothesay Isle of Bute; Samuel, in England, packman; Isabel is here and useful to her aunt; Margaret is at home and useful to her mother, being frail; Mary is at Service. All three [daughters] unmarried; so much the better in this country as a ninth of the people are nearly paupers. We want free Trade very much that the labourer might be regularly employed, but we are all Kirk at present. We have three: Parish Kirk, Free Kirk and Burgers.[277] I think they are not improving the morals or honesty of the community as yet, but rather doing away [with] that sociabil[it]y that aught [i.e. ought] to exist among neighbours. As I have Houses here in need of repairs, I wish you would send me 300 or 400 feet of Red pine of Best quality, and any lengths from 13 feet to 21 feet long; the squares may be from 13 inches to 18 inches as may be convenient. As Mr N Ross is in the Custom House, he could see it ship[p]ed, addressed to Mr Samuel McKean, Commission Agent, 2 Kings Street, Liverpool; and Mr Samuel McKean to forward the wood to me by the Liverpool Granite vessels to Creetown. You could write me when the vessel sails from Quebec that I might correspond with Mr McKean to arrange with the Stone Boats. Perhaps Mr Ross would see it shipped, or your son John might give little assistance. I see they are going to charge a ½ on each newspaper sent to Canada via Boston. I have your son John to thank for twice a month supply of the Quebec Gazette; say one a month now, or when any thing particular happens send one. I hope you will write me soon; as Janet and I are far advanced in years, we would be happy to hear from you frequently. William promised to write to us but never did it. My sister and I join with compliments to you and family.
Dear John, Yours Affectionate Brother, Will Neilson
151 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
APPENDIX A
A letter from Samuel Brown of Kingantoun (Borgue) to William Brown in Quebec. Unbeknownst to Samuel, his uncle had died the previous month. With its appeal for financial assistance, the letter provides some of the context for the protracted wrangling over William Brown’s estate evident in the Neilson letters.
Greenock 10th April 1789
Dear Uncle,
I take this opertunity from this port to acqaint you that we are in good health at present thank god for the same and hopes that this will find you enjoying that same valuable blissing and I am very sory that we have received no letters from you for a long time past. Samuel Thomson received a letter from you about tou months ago and we expected one at the same time. I am now lying at this port loaded with oats and oat meal which I loaded from our own place on board the Speedwell Captain mc Kean and I am resolved to try to purchas a vessel to trade with my-self but it will be hard for me to make it out and to keep the farm which I have without some asistance from a good freind because I have taken this farm and is left my mother and brother James and Waded [i.e. wedded] to Samuel Thomson’s Daughter in milln of borgue [i.e. Mill of Borgue] being the second Daughter Called Mary, and if you could give me asistance I hope I shall be able to pay you again in a year or tow which would be a favour done to me and I would be glade to have a Corispondance with letters you to us and not to leave of your friendship altho your brother and our Parent is Dead, which is the Humble request of your
Affectonate friend, Samuel Brown
N.B. if you write to me Derect to Samuel Brown in Kingontoun in the parish of borgue to the care of Adam mc Whannel merchant in Kirkcudbright in Gallway, North Britain.
APPENDIX B
Two letters from Andrew Brown to the Reverend Alexander Spark. The first was written two months after the death of Samuel Neilson, when the Reverend Alexander Spark was the managing editor of the Quebec Gazette. It concerns the employment of John Bennet (for whom see notes 33 and 52). Spark had also been appointed the guardian of John Neilson, whose disappearance from Quebec in 1794 is the main topic of the second letter. While Andrew enjoyed a close friendship with his cousin Samuel, the second letter suggests that John was much more reticent.
New York 23rd April 1793
Reverend Sir,
Yours of the 12th February did not come to hand until within these ten days past. The day on which I received it I called upon Mr Bennet who informed me that he had received a letter from his Father about a month ago dated about the same time with your’s [sic], and that he had wrote you that his terms was 78£ and table fare. From those circumstances you might have reasonably concluded that I had neglected your business which has not been the case. After I made known to Mr Bennet that I was authorized to go as far as 75£ he required some days to deliberate, and then informed me that he would
152 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845 accept, provided his traveling charges were bore by Mr Neilson, which I could not promise him; but I undertook to represent the matter to you, and give it as my opinion that in ease of his being found worthy that his expences going should be allowed, but left it altogether to the discretion of you and Mr Neilson. Upon these terms he goes, and is just going, on board the sloop which sails immediately. I understand that he gets better than five dollars per week here, so that when his expences and loss of time is calculated the inducement is nothing. At present he happens to be short of money which was some objection against his going off so suddenly, but to remove that I have advanced him twenty Dollars, and taken his obligation for it in favour of Mr Neilson, which he can remit me by some sure hand. The obligation you have inclosed. The 8th instant I wrote my cousin Mr J. Neilson and has not time at present. You will please remember me to him, and am
Reverend Sir, Your most obedient and humble servant, Andrew Brown
New York 24th January 1795 Reverend Sir,
I hope I shall be excusable for not answering your letter of 11th September at an earlier period, and the more so as its main object appeared to be a request that I should exert my endeavours to persuade my Cousin John Neilson to return to Quebec in case of his calling upon me. I am sorry to inform you that he has not put it in my power either to advise him or to express to him my disapprobation of his ill advised and precipitate conduct. If he has been here he must have studiously avoided me otherwise I should have seen or heard of him. I hope that before this time he has returned with as much acquired knowledge of his folly as will prove a sufficient preventive against anything of a like nature in future. Sometime after the receipt of your letter I received one for him directed to my care which from the hand writing of the address I suppose to be from you, should it be of consequence at your desire it shall be returned. From the regular intercourse that subsisted between Cousin Samuel Neilson and me I have often wondered at the reserve of my young Cousin John and that he might have occasion to write me. I have some times thought of stoping the Niws [sic] papers. I have not heard from him since you applied to me to engage John Bennett. The twenty Dollars I then advanced to Mr Bennet (whose obligation payable to John Neilson I enclosed to you) I expected my Cousin would have remitted, but has heard nothing of it. Since the Death of my Cousin Samuel I am in great want of information regarding the concerns of my deceased Uncle’s Estate. I have wrote to Mr Peter Stuart on that business as Executor to the Estate of my late Cousin, but however it has happened I have received no answer to any of my letters. At this time I also write him by Post, yet I must request you to be so obliging as to intimate to him my complaint of not hearing from him. I shall be happy to heare from you as soon as convenient for I am anxious to know if John is returned and the consequences of his absence. With sentiments of respect I am
Reverend Sir, Your obedient humble servant Andrew Brown
153 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
APPENDIX C
John Neilson’s account of the Montreal’s encounter with icebergs on its voyage from Greenock to Quebec in April/May 1817, as published in the Quebec Gazette, 29 May 1817.
The quantity of ice which has been fallen in with, on the coasts of Newfoundland during the last and present seasons, indicate a very unfavourable change in the temperature of the neighbouring regions during the last two winters, and which will render it highly imprudent for vessels not prepared to encounter the ice after the manner of the Greenlandmen, to sail for the St. Lawrence before the end of April or the first of May. Between 20 and 30 vessels were to sail from London for Canada in April, as many from Liverpool, and 10 or 12 from the Clyde, besides great numbers from the out ports; of these only eight have arrived. Several of them have been 15 or 16 days in the ice. One, the first from the Clyde, has sustained considerable injury, and was only saved from sinking by the judicious exertions of the master and ship’s company, in throwing about forty tons of the most weighty articles of her cargo overboard. This ship, the Montreal, Wm. Rayside, Master, sailed from Greenock on the 9th April, in company with the Cherub, Stevenson for Montreal, and parted from her off Loch Rayan, the Cherub bearing away for the south Channel, and the Montreal bearing up for the north; on the 15th the Montreal was off Tory, from whence she was driven by southerly winds to lat. 57d. 9m, in the long. of Rockol. On the 1st of May, in lat. by reckoning 49d. 5m. long. 45d. 50m, she fell in with islands of ice. In the evening of the second, lat. by observation at noon 47d. 12m. long. 46d 14m., she met with quantities of broken ice and sailed along a field of it during the night, and finally got a passage through it; at four o’clock on the morning of the 3rd she had soundings on the outer edge of the great bank. Islands of ice were occasionally seen till the 6th, when she made St. Peter’s Island, then completely covered with snow! The same afternoon, 52 miles to the westward of St. Peter’s, the whole horizon to the southward and westward was discovered to be covered with ice; after beating in several directions, to discover a passage, several fields, which showed clear water beyond them, were passed; the next day she got completely entangled in the ice, and it was finally determined to push through. She was generally favored with fair winds, but the ice was almost constantly covered with a fog, which prevented any observation from being made; besides, it was impossible to calculate the distance or courses to any certainty. At 12 at noon, on the 12th, the fog clearing up, Cape Ray was discovered, bearing north-east, dist. 3 miles. On the 14th and 15th, she was entirely stationary in the ice, lying along side of the Isabella, McVicar for Miramichi, which sailed on the same day from Greenock and passed through the South Channel. On Sunday the 16th at noon, all the sails on the main and mizen mast being furled or backed at the time, the point of an apparently thin piece of ice and of about three or four hundred feet in superficies, struck the larbord port, knocked the ends of the stanchions into the timbers and broke and drove in the lower edge of it, an oak plank of 3½ inches thick, about two feet under water. The water gained fast on the pump, and the Carpenter reported that, the port could not be secured without getting to the leak outside; under these circumstances the passengers were stationed to the pump, and the crew was employed in removing aft the weighty articles on the deck, clearing away the main hatch, and throwing the most weighty articles of the cargo overboard. At this time, a ship was discovered coming out of the haze astern and entering the ice. A signal of distress was immediately hoisted; but not sending her boat on board, Capt. McColl late of the Cossack, and a boy and one man, all that could be spared, were sent on board of her to ask the assistance of their Carpenter and any hands the ship could spare. His assistance was refused, under the pretext that it was blowing too fresh. Capt. McColl returned to the ship; the master of the stranger promising to stay by the Montreal unless she hauled down her signal of distress. He however shot ahead; at 4 P M he hoisted his top gallant sails, and was soon out of sight, the Montreal’s signal of distress still flying. This Vessel’s name was theLarch of Liverpool,
154 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
Master’s name unknown; the Master and Crew were Guernseymen and bound to Chaleur Bay. At 8 P M boards were got over the outside of the port, and next morning finally secured. At this time the ship was supposed to be 40 or 50 miles South of the East point of Anticosti. On the 19th at noon the ship was again in a condition to carry sail. The next day she was out of the ice, and made Anticosti, to the Westward of South point. This morning she arrived at Quebec without having seen any more ice, excepting on the shores near the mouth of the River. Some pieces of ice among which the Montreal passed were about 50 feet under water and about 6 or 8 above it. The weather was generally very cold, ice forming every night, and the decks were frequently covered with snow. About a dozen vessels in all were seen in the ice from the Montreal …
155 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
NOTES
1 A meal mill on the Pulwhirran burn, in the parish of Borgue. A probably later mill on the site is described in Donnachie, I. The Industrial Archaeology of Galloway, Newton Abbot, 1971, 205.
2 Packet ships were primarily employed to carry post office mail between Britain and its colonies, although they later came to carry passengers and freight as well. A regular packet service was in operation between Scotland and Canada.
3 Isabel Neilson dictated her letters, which accounts for the differences in their style and spelling. Compare, for example, Letters 1 and 2.
4 James Cargill, Writer to the Signet, was based at Lady Stair’s Close, Edinburgh. See Williamson’s Edinburgh Directory, from June 1790 to June 1792, Edinburgh, 1790, 20.
5 ‘DQ’ were probably the initials of the person to whom Isabel Neilson dictated this letter, here adding his/her own comment at the end. It was perhaps David McQuhae, the miller at Balmaghie Kirk, which was not far from Livingstone Boat. He was remembered as ‘a kin’ of genius in mony a wey, an a first- rate miller’ (Trotter, R de B. Galloway Gossip Eighty Years Ago, Dumfries, 1901, 31).
6 Written at the bottom of the page: ‘William Neilson to care of Mr Robert Jackson, Printer, Dunfries [sic]’.
7 Ring was a farm in the parish of Twynholm, on the road between Twynholm and Gatehouse of Fleet.
8 For the possible identity of these books, see note 10.
9 Samuel Brown farmed Kingantoun in the parish of Borgue, where the letter is place dated.
10 Not all of these books can be easily identified. Batty Langley, for instance, wrote a number of textbooks for builders, including: The Builders Compleat Assistant: or, a library of arts and sciences, absolutely necessary to be understood by builders and workmen in general, London, 1750; The City and Country Builder’s and Workman’s Treasury: or, the art of drawing and working the ornamental parts of architecture, London, 1750; The Builder’s Director, or bench-mate: being a pocket-treasury of the Grecian, Roman, and Gothic orders of Architecture, London, 1751; The Builder’s Jewel: or, the youth’s instructor, and workman’s remembrancer, London, 1754. The title of the first book on William’s list also points to Edward Hoppus’ The Gentleman’s and Builder’s Repository: or, Architecture Display’d, London, 1737. The second book on the list might be Ware. I. A Complete Body of Architecture. Adorned with plans and elevations, from original designs, London, 1756, or Chambers, W. A Treatise on Civil Architecture, London, 1759. The third book is likely to be Swan, A. The British Architect: or, the builder’s treasury of stair-cases, London, 1750. The fourth book is probably Toms, W H. The Builder’s Dictionary; or, Gentleman and Architect’s Companion, London, 1734. The fifth is perhaps Webster, W. The Description and Use of a Complete Sett or Case of Pocket-Instruments: containing the construction of the several lines laid down in the plain-scale, and sector…, London, 1755. ‘Fergusons McHanick’ is probably Ferguson, J. Lectures on select subjects in mechanics, hydrostatics, pneumatics, and optics …, London, 1760. The final book on the list is either Emerson, W. The Principle of Mechanics, London, 1754, or Emerson, W. Mechanics: or, the doctrine of motion, London, 1769.
11 Mrs Lorie was probably Agnes Laurie, wife of Walter Sloan Laurie (see note 22). Mrs Jeckson was probably the wife of Robert Jackson, editor and publisher of the Dumfries Weekly Journal.
156 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
12 i.e. Isabel Neilson. William Neilson, acting here as scribe for his mother, has slipped into his own voice.
13 i.e. a box made from thin wooden strips.
14 John Gray was a merchant and businessman in Montreal. See Miller, C. ‘Gray, John (c.1755-1829)’. In Dictionary of Canadian Biography, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003-, online edition [DCB]: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/gray_john_6E.html.
15 William Neilson has again slipped into his own voice.
16 James McCane (more usually McKune) was also the proprietor of the Murray Arms Inn, Gatehouse of Fleet.
17 See note 16.
18 This is perhaps the William McQuhae who was born in the parish of Balmaghie in May 1779. He was the son of David McQuhae, who appears to have been a friend of the Neilsons. He did emigrate, but to the United States rather than to Canada.
19 Fraser & Young was a prominent merchant firm in Quebec, which also acted as a creditor for personal loans and unpaid merchandise. Dyer, Allen & Company, a London-based counting house, had extensive dealings in the Canadian trade.
20 David McLellan was a writer (i.e. lawyer) in Kirkcudbright.
21 Under the terms of the Postal Services Act of 1792 (which established the United States Post Office), newspapers were allowed in the mails at low rates. As suggested here, this disrupted existing distribution patterns. The Gazette for the United States was a pro-Federalist newspaper, which was published at this time in Philadelphia, the temporary capital of the United States.
22 Walter Sloan Laurie of Redcastle (d. 1801) owned three estates in Galloway, but up until now had resided chiefly at Woodhall in the parish of Balmaghie. See Crockett, S R.Raiderland: All about Grey Galloway, London, 1904, 338-39. As William Palmer intimates here, he moved from Woodhall to a new seat in Crossmichael, known as Danevale Park.
23 Adam Muir/Mure (d. 1802) was the owner of the small estate of Livingston in the parish of Balmaghie. See McKerlie, P H. A History of the Lands and their Owners in Galloway, 5 vols, Edinburgh, 1870- 79, III, 161.
24 For Causewayend, Carlingswark and the founding of Castle Douglas, see Penman, A. Causewayend to Castle-Douglas, Castle Douglas, 1986.
25 Robert Jackson was the editor and publisher of the Dumfries Weekly Journal.
26 Stamp duty had to be paid on every newspaper published. It made it difficult for publishers to make a profit (unless they could attract sufficient advertising) and faced fierce opposition from those who thought it undermined the freedom of the press and put the news out of reach of the majority of the public. Publishers who tried to avoid the duty faced heavy fines and imprisonment. Jackson’s misdemeanour clearly did not harm his reputation among the people of Dumfries, however, as four years later he became the provost of the burgh. His obituary, moreover, described him as ‘honest and upright’, further noting that he had ‘… died, without reproach, universally beloved and respected’ (The Gentleman’s Magazine: and Historical Chronicle, from July to December 1810, 80:2, London, 664).
27 Peter Stuart was a leading Quebec businessman and a partner in the company Grant, Stuart & Dunn. He was a trustee of William Brown’s estate.
157 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
28 There were several issues causing tension between the United States of America and Britain at this time, but many of them were addressed by the Treaty of London and, as Isabel Neilson hoped, war was averted.
29 i.e. North Britain, an alternative name for Scotland at the time.
30 The 60th Regiment, also known as the Royal American Regiment, was being redeployed to Ireland after a number of years serving in Canada. Why John Neilson chose Captain Gordon Maxwell to forward the letter is not clear although his surname suggests a Dumfriesshire connection.
31 Perhaps Joseph Jones the licensed auctioneer. He was the brother of John Jones, a school teacher who had a house on Mountain Street and was a regular customer of Gilmore and Brown. See O’Gallagher, M. ‘Jones, John (1752-1818)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/jones_john_1818_5E.html.
32 William Cowan and Conway Lane were employees at Neilson’s printing shop.
33 John Bennett was an employee at Neilson’s printing shop.
34 Pierre-Édouard Desbarats owned a printing press in Quebec and also worked at this time as a French translator for Neilson’s Quebec Gazette. See Lebel, J-M. ‘Desbarats, Pierre-Édouard (1764-1828)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/desbarats_pierre_edouard_6E.html. See also endnote 43.
35 i.e. Charles Roy/Roi, an employee at Neilson’s printing shop and later the first editor of the newspaper Le Canadien.
36 i.e. Joseph Dubois, an employee at Neilson’s printing shop.
37 Two men by the name of Morrin/Morin, Thomas and Joseph, worked at Neilson’s printing shop in the late 1790s. One of them was perhaps the father of the noted Dr Joseph Morrin. The future mayor of Quebec City had emigrated from Dumfriesshire to Canada with his parents at the age of four. See Boissonnault, C-M. ‘Morrin, Joseph (1794-1861)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/morrin_ joseph_9E.html.
38 Samuel Jeffreys, boot and shoe maker, was based near the Seminary Gate, Quebec.
39 Probably James Brown, a bookbinder at Neilson’s printing shop.
40 Given the context, this is perhaps either James Reid or Duncan Ritchie, both of whom were employees at Neilson’s printing shop.
41 While some of these place-names can be identified on nineteenth-century maps of the parish of Balmaghie, others appear to have been purely local names. Some might even have been invented by John and William during their childhood adventures and so known only to them.
42 Interestingly, William uses two Scots words for children – ‘bairns’ and ‘wains’ (more usually, ‘weans’) – interchangeably here.
43 Following an arrangement made on 23 October 1799, John Neilson purchased a controlling interest in the business of his main Quebec competitor, Pierre-Édouard Desbarats, in May 1800. Although they became partners, Neilson never used his name publicly in connection with the firm.
44 Written on the top left-hand corner of the original in a different hand: ‘Received 22 April 1802’.
45 Peter Wynne was a stationer, printer and bookseller based in Paternoster Row, London. His business was carried on by his sons Peter and William.
46 A preliminary peace agreement had been signed between the United Kingdom and France on 30 September 1801. The ‘Definitive Treaty of Peace’, otherwise known as the Treaty of Amiens, was not concluded until the following March.
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47 The treaty was not signed until after this letter was written, but as Isabel Neilson reports here, news of its progress was greeted with rejoicing in Galloway and beyond. Peace, however, was to last for only a year.
48 James Dennison, born in Culreoch, Anwoth, in 1755, had been the schoolmaster of Balmaghie. After spending some time in Virginia, he returned to Scotland, settling in Gatehouse of Fleet, where he died on 19 December 1824.
49 For the volunteer movement in Galloway, see Devlin, I. Albanich: A History of the Galloway Volunteers, Wigtown, 1996.
50 The firm of Birtwhistles & Sons had two cotton spinning mills in Gatehouse of Fleet, and was a major employer in the town. See Mann, P. The Gatehouse Experiment: The Story of a Lost Industrial Era, Cambridge, 1985, 10-12; and Steel, D. The Gatehouse Adventure: The Early History of Gatehouse of Fleet, Gatehouse of Fleet, 2011, 16-24.
51 John is probably referring here to James Brown, who had served him as a bookbinder before moving to Montreal in 1801 to start his own business. See Chéné, L. ‘Brown, James (1776-1845)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/brown_james_1776_1845_7E.html.
52 John Bennett had left Neilson’s employment in 1801 to take over the running of the Upper Canada Gazette. See Tobin, B. The Upper Canada Gazette and its Printers, 1793-1849, Toronto, 1993, 12-13.
53 Probably the lawyer and politician Louis Charles Foucher (1760-1829), who had been a customer of Gilmore & Brown.
54 Possibly the merchant and postmaster Hugh Finlay (c.1730-1801), who had been a customer of Gilmore & Brown.
55 i.e. Janet Neilson (1732-1804), sister of William Neilson (1726-80).
56 Nathaniel Neilson was William and John’s half-brother. He had been in Jamaica since 1785. See Neilson, F. The Corsock Neilsons: A Galloway Family, Sydney, 2013, 115-19.
57 Originally from Galloway, by 1793 Andrew Heron was a merchant in Newark (Niagara-on-the- Lake), Upper Canada.
58 The British Mediterranean Fleet had been blockading the French naval base of Toulon since war had been declared between the two nations in May 1803.
59 Castle Douglas was founded in 1792 on the site of the small village of Causewayend, the shortened name for which is given here by William Neilson. See Penman, 1986.
60 The popular name at the time for the disease that is now known as whooping cough.
61 The Battle of Trafalgar was fought on 21 October 1805.
62 The Battle of Austerlitz took place on 2 December 1805 and was a resounding victory for Napoleon. William Neilson’s comments show that in these early days of news reporting, newspapers were not always accurate.
63 Admiral Nelson was killed at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805; William Pitt the Younger, prime minister of the United Kingdom, died on 23 January 1806; Charles Cornwallis, governor- general of India, died on 5 October 1805; Napoleon defeated the Austrian and Russian armies at Austerlitz on 2 December 1805; the battle of San Domingo was fought on 6 February 1806.
64 This was a charity school established by the Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge, which owned the estate of Grange (more commonly known as Threave Grange) in Balmaghie. In
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1809, ninety-nine pupils attended the school and Ross received a salary of £25 per annum. See The Scheme of the Society’s Establishment for the Year, from 1st May 1809 to 1st May 1810, appended to A Short Account of the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge in the Highlands and Islands, London, 1811, 14.
65 The merchant firm of Lester & Morrogh was declared bankrupt in 1807. John Neilson was one of its many creditors. See O’Gallagher, M. ‘Lester, Robert (1746-1807)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/ en/bio/lester_robert_5E.html.
66 The income tax introduced in 1799 to help finance the war against France had been raised to 10 per cent in 1806.
67 Agnes Laurie had died on 6 March 1809. Walter Sloan Laurie had been dead since 9 June 1801.
68 Popular insurrections against French rule in Spain had occurred in late February; Frederick, duke of York, had resigned as commander-in-chief on 25 March; Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden had been deposed on 13 March; the American Congress had replaced the Embargo Act of 1807 with the Non- Intercourse Act on 1 March.
69 The supply of linseed from continental Europe had been disrupted by the ongoing war, leading to shortages and high prices.
70 The Banda Islands and the Isle de France (Mauritius) had been seized by the British in 1810; the Prince of Wales had become Prince Regent on 5 February 1811; in early 1811, as part of the ongoing Peninsular War, the British army under the duke of Wellington had been briefly stationed in Cartaxo and the French in Santarém, both in Portugal.
71 Much of the United Kingdom’s bullion at this time was being used to fund the war. The scarcity was exacerbated by the war-time boom in trade. See Knight, R J B. Britain Against Napoleon: The Organisation of Victory, 1793-1815, London, 2013, 406.
72 Spencer Perceval, prime minister from 4 October 1809 to 11 May 1812, had introduced a bill restricting the powers of the prince regent. When the restrictions came to an end in February 1812, the prince regent tried to persuade the leaders of the Whig opposition, William Grenville and Charles Grey, to join the government, but, as William Neilson notes here, failed. See Jupp, P J. ‘Perceval, Spencer (1762-1812)’. In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford, 2004; online edition, 2009 [ODNB]: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/21916.
73 The United States of America had declared war on the United Kingdom in June 1812.
74 Probably ‘sowans’, a food made from fermenting the husks of oats.
75 i.e. the Battle of Borodino, 7 September 1812. The Russian army withdrew after suffering heavy losses, allowing Napoleon to occupy Moscow.
76 Probably the brig Thomson’s Packet, which made regular voyages between Dumfries and Canada.
77 i.e. the Battle of the Pyrenees, a series of engagements fought in late July 1813. The French army, led by Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult, was defeated.
78 William Neilson is perhaps referring here to the property known as Back Neilson. Now demolished, it was built behind Neilson Square, which William had constructed in 1812.
79 William Neilson is perhaps referring here to the Battle of Leipzig of 16-19 October 1813, where the Prussian field marshal Blücher and other commanders of the coalition army inflicted a telling defeat on Napoleon.
80 The London Courier was published from 1804 to 1842.
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81 The winter of 1739/40 was noted for its severity. Thomas Beattie of Muckledale (Dumfriesshire), for example, recalled that the snow and frost ‘killed a prodigious number of sheep … and almost famished the poor’ (Cowan, E J, ed. The Chronicles of Muckledale: being the memoirs of Thomas Beattie of Muckledale, 1736-1827: https://www.regionalethnologyscotland.llc.ed.ac.uk/written/ chronicles-muckledale.)
82 Written in the top right-hand corner in a different hand: ‘Received 5 January 1815’.
83 British forces captured Washington D.C. on 24 August 1814.
84 Written in the top right-hand corner in a different hand: ‘Received 5 January 1815’.
85 American privateering, a notable feature of the war being fought at this time between the United Kingdom and the United States of America, added to the hazards of crossing the Atlantic. A large number of British merchant ships were either captured or sunk, including ones sailing between Scotland and Canada. See Coggeshall, G. History of the American Privateeers and Letters-of-Marque, during our war with England in the years 1812, ’13 and ’14, New York, 1856.
86 The Battle of Lake Champlain (11 September 1814) was one of a number of reverses suffered at this time by the British in their war against the United States of America.
87 The Treaty of Ghent, drawn up in December 1814, brought to an end the war that had broken out in 1812 between the United Kingdom and the United States of America.
88 William Neilson is perhaps referring here to Charles James Stewart (1775-1837). A son of the 7th earl of Galloway, he had served as an Anglican priest and missionary in Upper Canada since 1807. He was consecrated bishop of Quebec in 1826. See Brown, C. ‘Stewart, Charles James (1775-1837)’. In ODNB: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/26466?docPos=5.
89 i.e. a cough. More usually spelled ‘hoast’.
90 ‘maitré de la traverse’ in the French original. It is not clear if John was referring here to the captain of the ship, or if the phrase had a different meaning that is now obscure.
91 i.e. the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
92 i.e. they have suffered from seasickness again.
93 Dr James Fisher, who was returning to Scotland after a distinguished career in Quebec as a military surgeon and politician. See Janson, G. ‘Fisher, James (?-1822)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/ bio/fisher_james_6E.html.
94 An archipelago at the entrance to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. John Neilson probably mentioned it to show when his ship entered the Atlantic Ocean.
95 Before leaving for Britain, John Neilson announced in the Quebec Gazette that ‘he has appointed Mr WILLIAM COWAN his Attorney to act in his stead during his absence from the Province; and that the whole of his business will be conducted as heretofore by the said WILLIAM COWAN’ (Quebec Gazette, 8 August 1816).
96 Alexander Wilson & Sons was a well-known firm of Glasgow type founders.
97 Patrick Wilson (1743-1811) had succeeded his father, Alexander Wilson (1714-86), as professor of practical astronomy at the University of Glasgow. See Stronach, G, rev. Hutchins, R. ‘Wilson, Alexander (1714-1786)’. In ODNB: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-29633?rskey=99fEXh&result=5.
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98 Probably John Blackwood, who had retired to England in 1815 after making a fortune in Lower Canada as a merchant and land speculator. See Wallot, J-P. ‘Blackwood, John (?-1819)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/blackwood_john_5E.html.
99 John Greenshields was the son of Samuel Greenshields, a merchant from Glasgow who had established a successful business in Quebec.
100 This would appear to be a slip in John Neilson’s French, as his father had died in 1780.
101 William Chrystal (1776-1830) was the rector of Glasgow Grammar School.
102 John McNaught & Co. was a merchant firm based at 26 Virginia Street, Glasgow. SeeThe Glasgow Directory, Glasgow, 1817, 126.
103 Joseph-Bernard Planté was a notary and a prominent public figure in Quebec. See Verrette, M. ‘Planté, Joseph-Bernard (1768-1826)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/plante_joseph_bernard_6E. html.
104 i.e. ‘It is the first step that counts’.
105 Probably Major-General David Shank (1756-1831), who had served in the Canadian Fencibles.
106 Daniel Wilkie was Samuel’s former school teacher in Quebec. A native of Scotland and a graduate of the University of Glasgow, his school offered a broad curriculum, including mathematics, writing, bookkeeping, navigation, Latin, Greek, philosophy and elocution. A friend of John Neilson, his pupils often came from prominent British and French Canadian families in the city. See Lambert, J H. ‘Wilkie, Daniel (c.1777-1851)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/wilkie_daniel_8E.html.
107 Miss Boyle’s lodging house was situated at 10 Shaw Street, Greenock. See The Greenock Directory for 1815-1816, Greenock, 1815, 11.
108 John Neilson is referring here to what is now known as the Old College. Started in 1791, building work had only recently recommenced after being halted during the French wars. See Fraser, A G. The Building of Old College: Adam, Playfair and the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 1989.
109 i.e. Charles-Norbert Perrault, who travelled to Edinburgh in 1814 to study medicine and surgery. See Lessard, R. ‘Perrault, Charles-Norbert (1793-1832)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/ perrault_charles_norbert_6E.html.
110 The Bull Inn was situated at 640 Argyle Street, Glasgow. See The Glasgow Directory, Glasgow, 1816, 31.
111 i.e. Grammaire des Grammaires by Charles Pierre Girault Duvivier, published in Paris in 1809.
112 The Star Inn was situated at 57 Ingram Street, Glasgow. See The Glasgow Directory, Glasgow, 1816, 168.
113 i.e. Jacob Mountain, Anglican bishop of Quebec. See Millman, T R. ‘Mountain, Jacob (1749-1825)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/mountain_jacob_6E.html.
114 This was perhaps Robert Haddow, a town councillor and merchant who also took in lodgers at his house in Miller Street. See The Glasgow Directory, Glasgow, 1816, 11 and 71.
115 The riot broke out on the 1 August at a soup kitchen in Calton, which had been opened for the relief of the growing number of unemployed in that neighbourhood. A small party of the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons and between eighty and 100 men of the 78th Highlanders were called in to restore order. See ‘Riot in Glasgow’, The Times, 6 August 1816.
162 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
116 John Neilson was in Gatehouse of Fleet.
117 i.e. Charles Hutton’s Course in Mathematics, which was first published in 1798-1801 and went through various editions thereafter.
118 John Neilson was in Gatehouse of Fleet.
119 Alex Miller ran the Cossack Inn in King Street. There was a weekly carrier service between Glasgow and Gatehouse of Fleet, on a Thursday. See The Glasgow Directory, Glasgow, 1817, 103 and 198.
120 John Neilson’s list of books has not been located, and perhaps no longer survives. The Duty of Man was a collection of ‘choice sentences … proper for schools and very usefull to all’ giving moral and spiritual guidance. It was first published in Edinburgh in 1702 by the printer and former minister of Kirkinner (Wigtownshire) Andrew Symson.
121 Jean-Baptiste La Coste was a local farmer who had acted as Napoleon’s guide at Waterloo. He was one of a number of eye-witnesses who provided tourists with accounts of the battle and tours of the battlefield.
122 The Harpooner sank on 11 November 1816 after striking a reef of rocks off Cape Pine. Of its 385 passengers and crew, 208 died, including many children. See ‘Melancholy shipwreck’, The Times, 13 December 1816; ‘Loss of the Harpooner’, The Times, 18 December 1816; and ‘The wreck of the Harpooner’, The Times, 4 January 1817.
123 The satires of Lucian and Sophocles’ tragedy Oedipus Tyrannus were standard texts for students of Greek at Glasgow University. Samuel’s professor, John Young, is said to have been prone to immoderate laughter during his lectures on Lucian, encouraging a similar response from his students. See Beattie, W, ed. Life and Letters of Thomas Campbell, 3 vols, London, 1850, I, 159. Professor Young had also made a particular study of Oedipus Tyrannus.
124 Discours sur l’histoire universelle (1681) was a work of theology and philosophy by the French Roman Catholic bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet.
125 The North West Company was a fur-trading business based in Montreal. Mr Shaw was perhaps Angus Shaw, a leading figure in the Company who had been involved the previous year in the notorious Battle of Seven Oaks (19 June 1816). See Allaire, G. ‘Shaw, Angus (d. 1832)’. In DCB: http://www. biographi.ca/en/bio/shaw_angus_6E.html.
126 The arrests began on Saturday 22 February, with eighteen men being taken from a public house at the head of the Old Wynd. The riot mentioned by Samuel Neilson was prompted by the arrest of two weavers the following Tuesday. See ‘Arrests at Glasgow’, Caledonian Mercury, 27 February 1817.
127 John Neilson is perhaps referring here to the village of Dull in Perthshire, and a possible hunting trip with Mr Allison.
128 The Mary sailed from Greenock on 22 April and arrived in Quebec on 31 May. See the Quebec Gazette, 5 June 1817.
129 This event was described in ‘Tunisian Pirates’, The Times, 20 May 1817.
130 For John Neilson’s eventful voyage to Canada on board the Montreal, see Appendix C.
131 The Agriculture Society in the District of Quebec had been founded in 1789. John Neilson was made its president in 1826.
132 The Julianna was struck by ice on the 23 May. Her carpenter, helped by carpenters both from among her passengers and from two passing ships, fixed the resulting holes and she finally reached Quebec on 9 June. See the Quebec Gazette, 5 June 1817 and 12 June 1817.
163 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
133 i.e. Valcartier, through which the River Jacques Cartier flows. John Neilson had started settling immigrants, mostly from Ireland and Scotland, there in 1816.
134 James Hooper, Arthur Thistlewood and James Watson were radicals who had been arrested in early 1817 and charged with high treason. Watson’s trial collapsed and the case against the others was withdrawn. Thistlewood, however, was later executed for his role in the Cato Street conspiracy. See Chase, M. ‘Thistlewood, Arthur (c.1774-1820)’. In ODNB: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/ article/27188?docPos=1.
135 The first Waterloo Bridge was designed by the Scottish engineer John Rennie and opened on 18 June 1817.
136 i.e. Jean-Thomas Taschereau, a prominent lawyer and politician. He had a manor house in St Igan (Sainte-Marie-de-la-Beauce). See Provost, H. ‘Taschereau, Jean-Thomas (1778-1832)’. In DCB: http:// www.biographi.ca/en/bio/taschereau_jean_thomas_1778_1832_6E.html.
137 The Dalrymple sisters had opened their school in 1816. Located in the Rue des Jardins, it admitted both boarders and day pupils.
138 i.e. for the Neilson’s country house.
139 i.e. to Canada.
140 Jane Orkney was the wife of James Orkney, a Scottish watch- and clock-maker and merchant. They were based in Mountain Street, Quebec, and so were neighbours of the Neilsons. See Villeneuve, R. ‘Orkney, James (1760-1832)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/orkney_james_6E.html.
141 The Mary had been abandoned after striking rocks. See Quebec Gazette, 3 July 1817.
142 The Edinburgh Monthly Magazine announced that on 19 August ‘John Greenshields, late of Quebec, [was married] to Miss Margaret Inglis Dale, eldest daughter of James Dale, merchant’ (Edinburgh Monthly Magazine, April-September, Edinburgh, 1817, 671).
143 Haddow & Dale was a merchant firm based in Virginia Street. See Glasgow Directory, 1817, 75.
144 Rosebank House was in the parish of Cambuslang. It had once been the country home of David Dale (1739-1806), the founder of New Lanark.
145 A two-wheeled, one-seated vehicle.
146 A type of light sledge, which was mounted on runners and pulled by a horse.
147 i.e. ‘you must be very careful’.
148 i.e. ‘and my mother says you must improve your time well, and not fall in with people with bad habits’.
149 Princess Charlotte, the heir to George, prince of Wales, died on 6 November 1817.
150 Matriculated students at Glasgow University wore red (or scarlet) gowns. See Wade, W M. The History of Glasgow, Ancient and Modern, Glasgow, 1823, 232.
151 i.e. the Quebec Almanac, which was printed by John Neilson.
152 Sir John Coape Sherbrooke (1764-1830) had been in poor health for some time, and in February was to suffer a stroke that forced him to resign his office as governor-in-chief of British North America. See Burroughs, P. ‘Sherbrooke, Sir John Coape (1764-1830)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/ bio/sherbrooke_john_coape_6E.html.
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153 The Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 (which required that a person detained by the authorities be brought before a court of law so that the legality of the detention may be examined) had been suspended by Lord Liverpool’s government in 1817 for cases of high treason.
154 Written at the bottom of the page in John Neilson’s hand: ‘Answer 10th June to come and employ him some time at the wages of the country & give if pleased with him 90 acres land Valcartier at the price it costs me – to let me know if he intends to come.’
155 Generally used to describe any fish of the genusGadus , but in parts of Scotland it was an alternative name for a pike.
156 See Appendix C.
157 Robert Gordon (1769-1817), the son of a farmer in Dunscore (Dumfriesshire), was the minister of the parish of Girthon. See Scott, H. Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae: the Succession of Ministers in the Parish Churches of Scotland, from the Reformation, 1560, to the Present Time, 8 vols, Edinburgh, 1915-50, II, 410.
158 Probably Mrs Laurie of Danevale Park.
159 Samuel Menzies ran a small tannery behind Boatgreen in Gatehouse of Fleet. See Steel, 2011, 19.
160 Conchieton was a farm in the parish of Borgue.
161 i.e. the wife of Dr John Brown of Ring.
162 Gategill was a farm in the parish of Borgue.
163 John Moore was a merchant in Gatehouse of Fleet. He died in 1831, aged eighty-three.
164 i.e. selling their goods at public auctions. More usually spelled ‘rouping’.
165 In addition to an increase in income tax, at least twenty-one goods and services were newly taxed during the war with France. See Knight, 2013, 388.
166 The Holy Alliance was a coalition created by Austria, Prussia and Russia in 1815 to promote the divine right of kings and Christian principles in European politics, and to act in concert against any threats to the political status quo, which included the spread of democracy and reform.
167 Written on the top left hand corner of the original: ‘received 17 July 1818’.
168 This must have been a brief respite during the typhus outbreak of 1818, as The Times reported on 2 September that it was still ‘very general at Glasgow’.
169 The kaleidoscope had been invented in 1816 by David Brewster, a Jedburgh-born scientist and author who had a particular interest in optics. As suggested here, it quickly became a fashionable toy. See Morrison-Low, A D. ‘Brewster, Sir David (1781-1868)’. In ODNB: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/ article/27188?docPos=1.
170 Margaret Allison married Alexander Balfour (1765-1855), a partner in the merchant and flax-spinning firm of Bell & Balfour, on 2 June 1818. Balfour later became provost of Dundee.
171 i.e. Dr Jean-Baptiste Rieutord. He was the maternal grandfather of Marie Neilson, and so Samuel’s great-grandfather. See Cadotte, M and Lessard, R. ‘Rieutord, Jean-Baptiste (c.1733-1818)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/rieutord_jean_baptiste_5E.html.
172 i.e. ‘not waste anything’.
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173 The Sophia arrived in Quebec on 8 September. As well as a cargo of goods, she was carrying 180 settlers. See the Quebec Gazette, 7 September 1818.
174 An arpent was a French unit of land measurement used in Quebec. It was roughly equivalent to 0.85 acres.
175 Spa Fields in London had been the site of a number of mass meetings arranged by those wanting parliamentary reform, including the riotous one in December 1816 that led to the aforementioned arrests of Cooper, Thistlewood and Watson.
176 George Lamb, John Cam Hobhouse and John Cartwright contested the parliamentary seat of Westminster in March 1819. Robert Gourlay was a Scots-born radical who had travelled to Upper Canada in 1817. See Wise, S F. ‘Gourlay, Robert Fleming (1778-1863)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi. ca/en/bio/gourlay_robert_fleming_9E.html.
177 See note 205.
178 LAC, Neilson Collection, volume 36, 339-40, Samuel Neilson to John Neilson, 15 July 1819.
179 An Alexander McKeand appears in various almanacs for Jamaica in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. An attorney, he owned the Blue Mountain estate and around sixty slaves. Information from Jamaican Family Search website: http://www.jamaicanfamilysearch.com.
180 i.e. ‘altogether’.
181 i.e. ‘you didn’t’.
182 i.e. ‘our work being finished, we will play’.
183 Panoramas were huge paintings of a single event or place that were stretched around the inner walls of purpose-built rotundas so that their ends met. They were viewed from a central platform, and printed guides were often provided. Alexander Wilson is perhaps referring to the panorama of Waterloo painted by James Howe, which was first displayed in Glasgow in June 1816. Another panorama of the battle, by Henry Barker, had also been exhibited in Glasgow.
184 Perhaps mulligatawny, a soup based on an Indian recipe that first became popular in Britain in the late eighteenth century.
185 i.e. ‘Oh, the times! Oh, the customs!’.
186 i.e. ‘from its deepest roots’. The name Radical derived from the Latin radicalis (of or having roots). By alluding to a passage in the Georgics where Virgil describes how the battling winds ‘tear up the heavy corn far and wide from its deepest roots, and high in the air scatter it’, Wilson is perhaps also conveying to his friend the fear felt by many in Britain that the Radicals were proposing wholesale and violent reform.
187 In Scotland, a term used chiefly to describe an outside privy, usually without plumbing. See OED, s v little house.
188 For a first-hand account of the Glasgow Sharpshooters, see Mackenzie, P.Reminiscences of Glasgow and the West of Scotland, 3 vols, Glasgow, 1865-68, I, 217-45. For the wider context, see Berresford Ellis, P and Mac a’ Ghobhainn, S. Radical Rising: The Scottish Insurrection of 1820, Edinburgh, 2016.
189 Major-General Sir Richard Hussey Vivian, a cavalry expert and veteran of Waterloo, had been sent to Scotland to help co-ordinate the military response to the anticipated uprising.
190 For the jacket, see the National Museums of Scotland online collection: http://nms.scran.ac.uk/ database/record.php?usi=000-180-002-324-C.
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191 John Miller, James Mylne and William Veitch were all recipients of the Snell Exhibition, an annual scholarship awarded to students of Glasgow University to allow them to undertake postgraduate study at Balliol College, Oxford. See Addison, W I. Matriculation Albums of the University of Glasgow from 31st December, 1727 to 31st December, 1897, Glasgow, 1898, 277, 285 and 290.
192 i.e. whooping cough.
193 David Dryburgh was a boot and shoemaker based in Front Street, Gatehouse of Fleet. See Pigot’s New Commercial Directory for Scotland 1825-26, London and Manchester, n.d., 446.
194 The constitution had been promulgated in Cádiz on 19 March 1812. It established, among other things, the principles of constitutional monarchy and universal male suffrage, and supported land reform and a free press. Shortly after being restored to the throne of Spain, Ferdinand VII rejected the constitution, although, as William Neilson notes here, he was forced to reinstate it after the revolt of 1820, if only for a short time.
195 i.e. ‘Country’.
196 Lieutenant James Dunlop was the MP for the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright in three successive parliaments from 1812 to 1826. See Chichester, H M, rev. Stearn, R T. ‘Dunlop, James (1759-1832)’. In ODNB: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8274.
197 A term used to describe a person who bought or sold the parliamentary seats of burghs.
198 i.e. ‘children’.
199 i.e. ‘he remembered me both by sea and land until he got home; never mind’.
200 John Greenshields is referring to the opening acts in what came to be known as the ‘Radical War’ or the ‘Scottish Insurrection’, a series of strikes and disturbances that took place in the first week of April 1820. See Berresford Ellis and Mac a’ Ghobhainn, 2016.
201 i.e. Thomas Brown (1778-1820), professor of moral philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. He was born in Kirkmabreck (Kirkcudbrightshire), the son of the Reverend Samuel Brown. See Stewart-Robertson, J C. ‘Brown, Thomas (1778-1820)’. In ODNB: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/ article/3655?docPos=7.
202 See note 88.
203 The Cally Mining Company was established following the discovery of copper ore at Enrick (Kirkcudbrightshire) in 1820. Ore was regularly shipped to Swansea from Gatehouse until the mine closed in 1857. See Donnachie, 1971, 131.
204 As William Neilson notes here, the turmoil and public outcry prompted by the attempt in August 1820 to strip the estranged wife of George IV, Queen Caroline, of her title and end their marriage had largely died down by 1821.
205 A Catholic Relief Bill was passed by the House of Commons in April 1821, but was rejected by the House of Lords.
206 The Times was correct: having defeated the Neapolitans near Reiti (21 March), the Austrian army marched on Naples.
207 Probably Thomson’s Packet, which sailed from Dumfries.
208 Samuel McClellan of Ulliock and John McClellan of Mains went bankrupt in 1820. Ulliock and Mains were farms in the parish of Balmaghie.
167 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
209 i.e. 12th of January.
210 i.e. ‘and if it wasn’t for Jenny I would be very ill off, she is the most useful child I have now!’.
211 The brig Cumberland made regular voyages between Liverpool and Quebec.
212 John Credie was probably sailing on board the Thomson’s Packet, which was departing Dumfries the next day with forty settlers.
213 Probably James Credie (d. 1825), a seed merchant and nurseryman in Gatehouse of Fleet, who also served as its provost.
214 This was George IV’s celebrated visit to Edinburgh in August 1822.
215 Robert Stewart, 2nd marquess of Londonderry, better known as Lord Castlereagh, committed suicide on 12 August 1822.
216 i.e. take care you don’t go wrong.
217 Morris Birkbeck (1764-1825) was the author of Notes on a Journey in America, from the Coast of Virginia to the Territory of Illinois (1817) and Letters from Illinois (1818). Both were extremely popular and are credited with contributing to the rise in emigration to America at this time. See Erickson, C. ‘Birkbeck, Morris (1764-1825)’. In ODNB: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/59873.
218 At the beginning of 1823, with the backing of the Holy Alliance, the French had invaded Spain with the aims of defeating the liberal rebel regime and restoring Ferdinand VII to the throne. The Spanish king was finally liberated after the battle of Trocadero, which was fought on the day William Neilson wrote this letter.
219 The governor-in-chief of British North America was George Ramsay, 9th earl of Dalhousie. For his political difficulties at this time, see Burroughs, P. ‘Ramsay, George, th9 earl of Dalhousie (1770-1838)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/ramsay_george_7E.html.
220 John Greenshields had bought the property of Kerse in Lesmahagow (Lanarkshire) in 1821. See Greenshields, J B. Annals of the Parish of Lesmahagow, Edinburgh, 1864, 97.
221 Neilson’s printing shop was based in Mountain Street, Quebec.
222 The paddle steamer City of Glasgow was launched in April 1822 and served the Greenock to Liverpool route.
223 i.e. George Ramsay, 9th earl of Dalhousie, the governor-in-chief of British North America from 1820 to 1828.
224 John Mennons (d. 1843) was a printer and the proprietor of the Greenock Advertiser. See Weir, D. History of the Town of Greenock, Greenock, 1829, 97.
225 i.e. the number of shots fired by the 28-gun corvette.
226 Fox Maule (1801-74) had been seconded from the Cameron Highlanders to serve as aide-de-camp to his uncle, the earl of Dalhousie. He later succeeded as 11th earl. See Sweetman, J. ‘Maule, Fox, 1801- 1874’. In ODNB: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18365.
227 i.e. ‘they were all brusque’.
228 James Stuart, a leading politician in Lower Canada and an acquaintance of John Neilson, had travelled to Britain in 1823 to argue the case for the union of Lower and Upper Canada. Michael O’Sullivan, a prominent lawyer from Montreal, toured England, France and Italy in 1824. See Kolish, E. ‘Stuart,
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James (1780-1853)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/stuart_james_8E.html; Dever, A. ‘O’Sullivan, Michael (1784-1839)’. In DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/o_sullivan_michael_7E. html.
229 Four chiefs of the Hurons of Lorette (Quebec) visited Britain in 1825 as part of their efforts to regain control of their ancestral lands. ‘Their curious dress, together with their painted faces, and ornaments pending from their ears and noses, attracted the attention of a great concourse of spectators’ (Morning Chronicle, 9 April 1825), and as Samuel Neilson suggests here, some thought them impostors. They were genuine, however, and their cause had been supported by John Neilson, who owned neighbouring lands in Valcartier. The chiefs had departed London for Quebec earlier that month. See Vaugeois, D. The Last French and Indian War, trans. K Roth, Montreal, 2002, 74-78 and 160-64.
230 The advert appeared in the Herald, 1 August 1825. It read:
JOURNEYMAN PRINTER WANTED An Intelligent, Steady COMPOSITOR, who can correct proofs occasionally, and who knows the whole business of a General Printing Office thoroughly, is wanted to go out to CANADA. If he has been employed on a Newspaper, and be a Young Single Man, he will be preferred. An unexceptionable character will be required.
The conditions, wages, and other particulars, may be known on application to Messrs. Alex. Wilson and Sons, College Street, Glasgow. Glasgow, 1st August, 1825.
231 Lindley Murray’s books on English enjoyed great popularity and were widely used both for teaching in the classroom and for individual study. His English Grammar was first published in 1795, with an abridged edition appearing in 1797. His English Exercises (1797), English Reader (1799) and An English Spelling-Book (1804) similarly went through a number of editions. Samuel Neilson might also be referring here to Murray’s French textbooks, Lecteur François (1802) and Introduction au Lecteur François (1807). See Tieken-Boon van Ostade, I. ‘Murray, Lindley (1745-1826)’. In ODNB: http:// www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/19640.
232 The Baron of Renfrew was a timber ship (i.e. as well as transporting a cargo of timber, the ship itself was to be dismantled on its arrival and its timbers sold) remarkable for its size. She set sail from Quebec on 23 August with much fanfare but was abandoned after becoming stranded in the English Channel. See ‘The Great Ship Baron of Renfrew’, The Times, 1 October 1825.
233 i.e. when the navigation is open.
234 William Rayside did leave the Cherub, but not for a frigate on the Great Lakes. Instead, he found employment skippering colonial brigs, first theCarrington and then the Kingfisher. He did not prosper, however, and by early 1831 he was in prison for debt. See the London Gazette for 1831, Part 1, London, 1831, 260, where he is listed among the insolvent debtors due to have their cases heard in court on 2 March: ‘Rayside, William Kinnear (sued as William Rayside), formerly of Gourock Road, Greenock, Scotland, Master-Mariner, afterwards of Quebec, afterwards of Montreal, both in Lower Canada, and last of No. 49, Great Hermitage Street, Middlesex, Captain of the Brig Kingfisher’. His fortunes revived, however, and for the last four years of his life he served as the harbour master at Montreal. See Montreal Paper, 15 June 1848.
235 This was perhaps Joseph-Isidore Bédard (1806-33), whose politician father was an acquaintance of John Neilson.
236 Messrs Alan Ker & Co. was a merchant firm and emigration agent in Greenock.
237 William Neilson is perhaps referring here to the captain of the brig Sophia, which sailed between Greenock and Quebec.
238 Probably John Millar, the new master of the Cherub. See note 239.
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239 John Millar (1807-84), the master of the Cherub and later the harbour master at Greenock. He achieved fame (and a handsome silver claret jug from the Merchants of Quebec and Montreal) for the notable feat of making three voyages in one season between Greenock and Quebec. For the jug, see the Royal Museums Greenwich website: http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/61991.html.
240 John Neilson was in London as part of a delegation from the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
241 The ministry of Lord Goderich had collapsed in January this year, to be replaced by one led by the duke of Wellington.
242 Alexander Brown (1800-72), who had studied medicine in Edinburgh and Paris, was the assistant- surgeon to the 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers. See McKerlie, 1870-79, V, 276.
243 Lochenbreck, in the parish of Balmaghie, about 2½ miles west of Laurieston, was well known for its mineral spring. An inn had been established nearby to cater for the large number of people who came to take its waters. See Old Statistical Account XIII (1793), 642: Balmaghie, Kirkcudbrightshire.
244 Laghead was a farm in the parish of Girthon, to the north of Gatehouse of Fleet.
245 Written down the side of the paper: ‘commenced Tuesday 8 June 1830’.
246 Prince Jules de Polignac, 3rd duke of Polignac, was the prime minister of France under Charles X. The Chamber of Deputies had recently passed a motion of no confidence in his ministry and the king, and both were to be overthrown in the July Revolution.
247 i.e. Charles McKeand. See the Introduction for the notice that appeared in the Dumfries and Galloway Courier of 22 March 1831.
248 During the later eighteenth century, the village of Causewayend was briefly known as Carlingswark. See Penman, 1986.
249 The Third Reform Bill had been passed in the House of Commons in March 1832. It subsequently passed the House of Lords, and received royal assent on 7 June.
250 Written between the two letters in a different hand: ‘[illegible] in full [illegible] to Mr Cowan £30.11.8. [illegible] having all recd. £20 sg. for 2 years and £2 for [?sundries] [illegible]’.
251 Camp Douglas was a farm in the parish of Balmaghie.
252 For Thomas Edgar, see the Introduction.
253 Dumfries suffered a severe outbreak of cholera in the autumn of 1832. The Board of Health recorded 441 deaths from the disease in the county as a whole, with 418 of them occurring in the town. The official death toll for Kirkcudbrightshire was 133, but the great majority of these occurred in Maxwelltown, neighbouring Dumfries. If William Neilson’s figure of 2,000 is an exaggeration, it nevertheless reflects the horror and panic that the outbreak caused throughout the south west. For an account of the outbreak in Dumfries, see McDowall, W. History of the Burgh of Dumfries with notices of Nithsdale, Annandale and the Western Border, Edinburgh, 1867, 796-806.
254 William Neilson is perhaps referring here to the Electorate of Hesse, which emancipated its Jews in 1833. This was a cause that John Neilson himself had championed in Lower Canada, introducing an act in 1831 granting full political rights to its Jews.
255 Morison (more usually Morrison) was a farm in the parish of Balmaghie.
256 William Neilson is perhaps referring here to the escalating dispute between the Moderate and Evangelical wings of the Church of Scotland. A few days after he wrote this letter, an act granting congregations the power of veto in ministerial appointments was passed in the General Assembly, a decision that ultimately led to the Disruption of 1843.
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257 James Lidderdale was a writer (i.e. lawyer) based in King Street. See Pigot and Co.’s National Commercial Directory for the whole of Scotland and the Isle of Man 1837, London and Manchester, 1837, 514.
258 The fire broke out on 16 October 1834.
259 A cholera epidemic had broken out in July 1834 and lasted until October, killing over 3,000 people in Quebec and Montreal.
260 Written on the top left-hand corner of the original in a different hand: ‘Received by John 31 May 1835. Would reimburse Mr [illegible] expenses’.
261 Robert Cutlar Fergusson was elected MP for the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright in 1826. A judge by profession and the laird of Craigdarroch (Dumfriesshire) by inheritance, he was a supporter of reform. See Watt, F, rev. Mooney, H. ‘Fergusson, Robert Cutlar (1768-1838)’. In ODNB: http://www. oxforddnb.com/view/article/9338.
262 Recent editions of The Times had carried reports and correspondence relating to the South Devon by- election, where the noted reformer Lord John Russell had been defeated by the Tory candidate after a vigorous and controversial campaign. See, for example, The Times, 20 April 1835 and 28 April 1835.
263 Written beneath the date in a different hand: ‘left Post O. Gatehouse Sunday recd. 11th at Nine pm Wednesday’.
264 James Dennison had died in December 1824.
265 i.e. Letter 255.
266 i.e. Jonathan Sewell, who was chief justice of Quebec from 1808 to 1838.
267 i.e. John Cook, who at this time was the assistant minster at Cardross (Argyll). He became the minister of St Andrew’s Presbyterian Church in Quebec in 1836. See McDougall, E A K and Semple, N. ‘Cook, John 1805-92’, DCB: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/cook_john_12E.html.
268 John Sturgeon was the master of the parochial school in Castle Douglas. See Pigot and Co.’s National Commercial Directory for the whole of Scotland and the Isle of Man 1837, London and Manchester, 1837, 513.
269 The Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council had been dissolved in 1838 following a rebellion in Lower Canada. The province was then administered by a succession of Special Councils until the union of the two Canadas in 1840. John Neilson was appointed to the first and third of the three Special Councils.
270 The border between the British colony of New Brunswick and the American state of Maine had long been in dispute, and as John Neilson reports tensions between the two sides came to a head in 1838- 39. His prediction that it would probably lead to armed conflict did not come true, as a peaceful compromise was reached by the governments of the United Kingdom and the Unites States.
271 There were a number of ships called Maria serving Canada at this time, and to avoid confusion their place of origin was often added to their name, in this case the Cumbrian port of Harrington.
272 LeMesurier, Tiltstone & Company of Quebec acted principally as an agent for clients in the export of squared timber to the British Isles. See Valliéres, M. ‘LeMesurier, Henry, (1791-1861)’. In DCB: http:// www.biographi.ca/en/bio/lemesurier_henry_9E.html.
273 Thomas Sproat was a prominent grocer, merchant and ship owner in Kirkcudbright. See Pigot and Co.’s National Commercial Directory for the whole of Scotland and the Isle of Man 1837, London and Manchester, 1837, 518-19.
171 THE SELECTED LETTERS OF THE NEILSON FAMILY OF GALLOWAY AND QUEBEC 1789-1845
274 Mrs Hamilton’s lodging house was located at 5 South College Street, Edinburgh. See Pigot and Co.’s National Commercial Directory, 1837, 49.
275 Alexander Murray of Broughton was elected MP for the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright in 1838.
276 Probably Antioch in Illinois.
277 Gatehouse of Fleet straddled two parishes: Anwoth and Girthon. At the Disruption of 1843, the Reverend Robert Jeffrey of Girthon was among the large number of ministers who seceded from the established Church of Scotland (or ‘Parish’ Church, as William Neilson calls it here). His new, Free Church congregation included adherents from Anwoth, the minister of which, Thomas Johnstone, had remained with the established Church. The Burgers (more commonly ‘Burghers’) were the descendants of an earlier secession from the Church of Scotland. Their place of worship was in the Anwoth part of the burgh.
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FURTHER READING
he original letters are to be found in two separate archives. The majority of them are held Tby Library Archives Canada, Ottawa. They have been digitised and can be viewed on the Héritage website: http://heritage.canadiana.ca/. The rest are held by the Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, Montreal. In both cases they form part of a larger collection of letters and other documents relating to the Quebec Neilsons. The Corsock Neilsons: A Galloway Family, Sydney, 2013, by Fergus Neilson includes chapters on Nathaniel Neilson and the Quebec Neilsons, and much else of relevance to the current study. Entries on John Neilson can be found in The Canadian Encyclopedia (https:// www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca) and The Dictionary of Canadian Biography (http://www. biographi.ca). The latter also has entries on Samuel Neilson and Samuel Neilson Jr, and various other people mentioned in the letters. Further biographical details about John Neilson can be found in Morgan, H J. Sketches of Celebrated Canadians, Montreal, 1865, 297-308. There is an extensive literature on Scottish emigration to Canada. For detailed studies, see the work of Lucille H Campey, in particular Les Écossais: The Pioneer Scots of Lower Canada, 1763-1855, Toronto, 2006, and An Unstoppable Force: The Scottish Exodus to Canada, Toronto, 2008. Cowan, E J. The emigrant experience. In Cowan, E J and Veitch, K, eds. Dumfries and Galloway: People and Place, c.1700-1914, Edinburgh, 2019, provides the Dumfries and Galloway context. For the wider Scottish setting, see Devine, T M. Scotland’s Empire 1600-1815, London, 2003; Harper, M. Adventurers and Exiles. The Great Scottish Exodus, London, 2003; and Calder, J. Scots in Canada, Edinburgh, 2003. See also Rider, P E and McNabb, H, eds. A Kingdom of the Mind. How the Scots helped make Canada, Montreal, 2006; and Stanford Reid, W. The Scottish Tradition in Canada, Guelph, 1976. There are contemporary descriptions of Quebec in Weld, I. Travels through the States of North America and the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada during the years 1795, 1796 and 1797, 2nd edn, 2 vols, London, 1799; The Traveller’s Guide to America … also An Account of Upper and Lower Canada, Cork, 1818; Silliman, B. A Tour to Quebec, in the Autumn of 1819, London, 1822; and in volume one of An Historical and Descriptive Account of British America, Edinburgh, 1839. Lacoursière, J and Philpot, R. A People’s History of Quebec, Quebec, 2009, offers a concise history of the province, while Lacoursière, J. Histoire populaire du Québec, tome 2: de 1791 à 1841, Quebec, 1996, looks at the period covered by the letters in more detail. Late eighteenth-century descriptions of Gatehouse of Fleet and other places in Galloway can be found in Heron, R. Observations made in a Journey through the Western Counties of Scotland, 2 vols, Perth, 1793, and in the various parish entries in the First (Old) Statistical Account of Scotland. For mid nineteenth-century descriptions, see The Topographical and Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland, 2 vols, Glasgow, 1842, and the Second (New) Statistical Account of Scotland. For the history of Gatehouse of Fleet, see Devereux, D and Keating, H, eds. Gatehouse of Fleet in the Past, Gatehouse of Fleet, 1995; Mann, P. The Gatehouse Experiment: The Story of a Lost Industrial Era, Cambridge, 1985; and Steel, D. The Gatehouse Adventure: The Early History of Gatehouse of Fleet, Gatehouse of Fleet, 2011. Cowan, E J and Veitch, K, eds. Dumfries and Galloway: People and Place, c.1700-1914, Edinburgh, 2019, provides insights into everyday life in south-west Scotland during the period covered by the letters. For other relevant works, see the notes to the Introduction.
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174