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Durham E-Theses A history and source book on training for the ministry in the Church of England 1511 - 1717 Bussby, Frederick How to cite: Bussby, Frederick (1952) A history and source book on training for the ministry in the Church of England 1511 - 1717, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9739/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 A HISTORY AND SOURCE BOOK on TRAINING FOR THE MINISTRY in the CHURCH OF ENGLAND 1511 - 1717 by Frederick Ruasby The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. thesis submitted for the degree of M.Litt. in the University of Durham, 1952. PREFACE I FR5FACE Th8 present study grew out of the practical experience of the writer. He was early asked to become Vice-Principal of a Iheological €follege, and as he looks back on the appointment he can only consider that his qualifications were two convenient degrees in biblical and related 'studies, and that he was unmarried. His enthusiasm for his studies, and the labour involved in the preparation of lectures, concealed for some time his inadequacy for the worko In due course it became clear that the attempt to prepare men for Holy Orders demanded much more than a knowledge of certain subjects and the ability to push candidates (the term is scarcely too strong) through their examinations. The inadequacy revealed within the theological gollege was underlined by lengthy experience amongst service men, particularly overseas. Here the inadequacy was revealed not only in the teacher or the guide, but also in the arrangements for the ordinand himself. Apart from good will, little practical help for Anglicans overseas seemed available. To the writer this seemed an unwise state of affairs after many hundreds of years of church history, even though it was a state of affairs commended by many. There are those who!say that the training of men for the ministry is purely a personal matter and that occasionally the good trainer of ordination candidates appears^ apparently quite fortuituously. The late B.K. Cunningham has frequently been instanced as the PREFACE ideal trainer of ordinands. Ihe present Archbishop of York, Dr Garbett, has expressed distaste for any attempt to guide ordination candidates in the early stages of their preparation; i the late Dr. Hedlam remained resolutely opposed to theological Colleges all his life. This inertia or hostility towards theological training is probatly peculiar to the Church of England. Both Roman Catholics and Protestants believe firmly in a specific training for the ministry, and the time has certainly come in the Church of England when the subject demands the fullest consideration. With the steady decline in the numbers of the ministry over the last half century it could scarcely be affirmed jthat a policy of laisser faire is obviously successful. i On the other hand the present policy of training and preparation may well be Imperfect. There is therefore room for an historical study of the thought and advice of the Church of England on this subject. So far as is known the matter has never yet been fully considered in this way. Several reports on the training of the ministry that have b§en issued in the 20th century contain an occasional reference to Cranmet-, Burnet, or Wilson, but no sustained historical study has yet been offered. The following chapters are limited geographically to the two provinces of Canterbury and York;and in point of time to the period between the Reformation and the suppression of PREFACE ' iil. Convocation in 1717. It is hoped that this may be the first part of a full and detailed consideration of the subject down to the present day. ALL evidence and quotations have been given in full or in extensive summary because they are generally difficult of access for the ordinary reader, and one main aim of the study is to present a fairly comprehensive source book, on the subject. It has not been easy to decide- on the arrangement of materiaL. It was felt necessary to avoid approaching the subject with any kind of pre-conception. It would have been i unwise toi force the material into the mould of one's own ideas; at the same time chronological exposition of material would have been wearying. It is believed that the present arrangements covers all the available information on the subject. It may seem to some that the first chapter is overloaded with legislative details. Yet a glance at the Index ( s.v. Ordination) to the Statutes in Force published in two large volumes by the Stationery Office in 1950 will shew that even in the 20th century the regulations that are binding on admission to the ministry, are predominantly Elizabethan. The proportion of space given'to this chapter corresponds to the influence that this period has played. One result of the intellectual unrest of the 16th i PREFACE century was the realisation that simply to confer Orders upon a man was not to equip him for the ministry of the church, le therefore see in the Elizabethan church and in the first part of the 17th century the steadily rising intellectual standards of the clergy and the remarkable success of the church, greater for example than it is at present, in providing a graduate ministry. It is only later that other emphases began to emerge; the ability to preach, an aptitude for the pastoral work of the ministry, and above all the need for a true vocation. At the end of our period all these requirements were realised and the three-fold emphases on the knowledge, prudence and holiness of the i minister correspond very closely to what C^A.C.T.M. requires to-day. I have tried to acknowledge faithfully all help received in the place where such help has been used. If thBre are any omissions, I offer my sincere regrets. C0NTEBIT5 VI. COKiTEMFS Preface Chapter Ii. Church and State 1511 - 1603. Page The pre-Reformation Church jr More *T Colet * Volsey j? Starkey Erasmus 6 The condition of the clergy at the time of 7 the Reformation The diocese of London 7 The diocese of Gloucester ~ The diocese of Lincoln „ The diocese of Exeter 9 The province of Canterbury 10 Expedients for Reform a. subdeacons b.readers 13 The Church and Reform 16 The Ordinal 16 ftfedley 19 Hooper 19 Pole dU Convocation 1557 22 Parker 23 /Convocation 1571 28 Letters Dimissory 29 Convocation 1575 30 Grindal 34 Convocation 1580 34 Puritan influence 34 Whitgiftl ?5 The Convocation of York 1589 40 The Canons of 1603 42 The State 50 Henry VIII 50 Edward VI j>l Mary 52 Eli zabeth 52 Proclamation 1559 53 Injunctions 1559 54 1571 55 1576 56 1580; & 1584 56 Roman influence 59 The resultsaf the legislation in Church and State I I COBTEETS The diocese of Exeter 61 The diocese of Worcester 62 The diocese of London 63 The diocese of Ely 65 The diocese of York 64 The diocese of Coventry and Lichfield 66 The diocese of Lincoln 68 Conclusion 69 Authorities 70 Chapter IX. Church and State 1605 - 166q ?2 The Millenary Petition, 1604 73 The Hampton Court Conference, 1604 74 Parliament and Puritans 1604 80 Proceedings against the Puritans ..Bancroft si Petit!ton1 concerning Religion 1610 82 Directions to Preachers 1622 84 Charl es 1 and Laud 89 The Scottish Prayer Book, 1637 90 The etc path 92 Authorities 96 Chapter III. Church and State 1660 - 1717 97 Declaaation of 1660 a Directions for Preachers 166^ 99 Ichabod 1663 103 Archbishop Sheldon 1665 Wren of Ely 1667 104 Archbishop San croft, 1678 107 Archbishop Sancroft, 1685 111 Bishop Ken 116 Bishop Cartwright 117 William and Mary 118 Archbishop Tenison 119 Convocation, 1702 and 1715 125 Bishop Burnet 127 Archbishop Sharp 128 Bishop Kidder 130 Archbishop Wake 132 Authorities ' 137 Chapter IT. The Universities 138 • 139 Oxford and Cambridge societies of the Anglican Church University Stddies ™ The college testimonial r-^ The college tutor • tTi The Universities after 1660 xou CONTENTS The Study of Rhetoric 156 The work of -Pierre Gerard 157 Bishop Wilkims 161 The Social background of Ordinands 162 A Graduate Clergy ? 167 Burnet at Glasgow University 169 Authorities 173 Chapter V. The Seminary 175 Zwingli, iTther and Calvin 176 The Roman Seminary ...the Council of Trent 177 Cranmer'ls 'nursery' 180 Ripon College.. 1590 181 Ripon College .1596 187 Ripon College..1604 199 Q,ueen Anne's response to the project 218 Failure of the project 219 Burnet at Salisbury 219 Wilson in the Isle of Man 221 Instructions for an Academic Youth: Wilson 222 Wilson's proposal to S.P.G. 229 Codrington College 232 A college in Virginia 233 A college in Wales 234 Robert Ue&son : outline of a seminary 235 Robert Nelson : Address to Persons of Quality 236* Authorities 237 Illuj'bi-aUiFii.MOjOilBiQ Ti'lui ly Oulleau ;OamlK idgs 030p - Chapeer VI.
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