774 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(2)

Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(2) : 774-783 http://epg.science.cmu.ac.th/ejournal/ Contributed Paper

First Record of Platybaetis bishopi M ller-Liebenau, 1980 and Baetiella bispinosa (Gose, 1980) (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Sirikamon Phlai-ngam and Nisarat Tungpairojwong* [a,b] [a] Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [b] Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. * Author for correspondence; e-mail: [email protected]

Received: 21 November 2016 Accepted: 16 June 2017

ABSTRACT Platybaetis, M ller-Liebenau, 1980 and Baetiella (Gose, 1980) are baetid mayfly nymphs of the family Baetidae. This study reports the first discovery of Platybaetis bishopi M ller-Liebenau, 1980 and Baetiella bispinosa (Gose, 1980) in Thailand, with re-examination and illustration based on the P. bishopi M ller-Liebenau, 1980 nymphs from . This study’s purpose is to revise the key characteristics of, specifically, the seven Platybaetis M ller-Liebenau, 1980 species currently found. Additionally, Baetiella bispinosa (Gose, 1980) nymphs from Chiang Rai province have been recorded for the first time in this region.

Keywords: Baetiella bispinosa, Platybaetis bishopi, mayflies, new record, Thailand

1. INTRODUCTION Baetidae is a mayfly family that is species in West Malaysia [6] which was also common in both standing and running waters found from China [7]. Then, P. probus and is very diverse. Approximately 100 genera M ller-Liebenau, 1980 was reported and and 900 species of baetid mayflies have been described in Sabah (East Malaysia) [8]. discovered around the world, accounting for After that, P. sulawesiensis Tong & Dudgeon, one-quarter of the overall mayfly diversity [1]. 1999 and P. wallacei Tong & Dudgeon, 1999 Studies on the systematics and taxonomy of were reported from Indonesia [9]. Thus, baetids have been performed by many P. gadadjuensis Suter, 2001, a new species from researchers [2-4]. Among the baetid groups, Australia was described [10]. In 2011, Platybaetis M ller-Liebenau, 1980 is small genus P. mamasae sp.n. was newly described that was discovered and established by from Indonesia [11]. After that, in 2012, M ller-Liebenau in 1980. P. edmundsi M ller- P. arunachalae sp.n was found and described Liebenau, 1980 and P. uenoi M ller-Liebenau, from India [12] and in 2013, this species was 1980 were first reported in the Philippines synonymized with Acentrella (Liebebiella) vera and Nepal, respectively [5]. P. bishopi (M ller-Liebenau, 1982), originally described M ller-Liebenau, 1980 was described as a new from Malaysia [13]. Then, there are seven Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(2) 775

species of Platybaetis M ller-Liebenau, 1980 11 species were listed and described. were reported around this world but there Four species- B. japonica (Imanishi, 1930), are no records of Platybaetis M ller-Liebenau, B. muchei (Braasch, 1978), B. trispinata (Tong 1980 species in Thailand. However, This study & Dudgeon, 2000), and B. tuberculata is the first report of P. bishopi M ller-Liebenau, (Kazlauskas, 1963) were described in both 1980 in Thailand with re-examination and nymphal and imaginal stages, while other illustration of nymphal specimens, along species-B. bispinosa (Gose, 1980), B. macani with the redrawing of some characteristics of (M ller-Liebenau, 1985), B. marginata other species in this genus. Another genus, (Braasch, 1983), B. imanishii (Braasch, 1983), Baetiella, was established by U no (1931) and B. ausobskyi (Braasch, 1983), B. armata (Braasch, based on Acentrella japonica (Imanishi, 1930) 1983) and B. innonata (Braasch, 1983) were which is a synonym of Baetiella [14]. This genus found and described only in the nymphal has been considered a subgenus of Pseudocloeon stage, and B. ladakae (Traver, 1939) was only or another species of the genus Baetis [15]. known at the imaginal stage, from Himalaya. The generic diagnosis of Baetiella nymph is as In a recent study, Shi & Tong (2015) reported follows: labial palps of three segments with and described three new species from terminal segment symmetric or asymmetric China (B. lanpingensis n. sp., B. sexta n. sp., and and the tip of apex usually coniform, dorsal B. spathae n. sp.), to bring the total to 14 species of thorax with tubercles or smooth, femora of mature nymphs of genus Baetiella in the with irregular row of long glabrate bristles world [14]. at outer margin and villopore present, gills usually present on abdominal terga I-VII, 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS paired or single protuberances present or Nymphs were collected by hand-picking absent, and terminal filament reduced from the riffles with cobbles in second- and and shorter than cerci (singular or multi- third-order shallow streams in northern segmented). The genus Baetiella can be and southern Thailand. The specimens were distinguished from the genus Gratia by the placed directly into vials and preserved in irregular row of long glabrate bristles at the 95% ethanol alcohol. Mouthparts were outer margin of the femora. This genus is dissected under the stereomicroscope and also close to the genus Acentrella, but were mounted on slides in glycerine for Acentrella nymphs can be differentiated by the examination and illustration. The specimens terminal segment of labial palp rounded to were kept in the Aquatic Insect Collection, truncate and femora with row of ciliated Department of Biology, Khon Kaen bristles at dorsal margin [14]. In 1987, around University (KKU-AIC). 12 species of Baetiella were reported and recorded by Walt and McCafferty [16]. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION However, many mayfly researchers did not 3.1 Order Ephemeroptera agree that Baetis ursina (Kazlauskas, 1963) Family Baetidae should be transferred to the Baetiella species Genus Platybaetis M ller-Liebenau 1980 [14]. Baetiella trispinata was then reported by Platybaetis bishopi M ller-Liebenau, 1980 Tong and Dudgeon [15]. Then, Ishiwata Description. Mature nymph (Figure (2001) found Baetiella aino (Matsumura, 1931) 3A).The body length 10-13 mm, head width which is a synonym of Baetiella japonica 0.82-0.90 mm, head length 0.56-0.60 mm, (Imanishi, 1930). Before 2015, approximately cerci slightly longer than body, median 776 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(2)

caudal filament reduced to one segment. caudal filament reduced to one segment Head: slightly wider than long, quadrangularly (Figure 1H). shaped (Figure 2B). Antennae brown, slightly Ecological notes: P. bishopi M ller- longer than head capsule. Labrum: very small Liebenau, 1980 nymphs usually inhabit with submerginal setae and feathered the fast flowing headwater streams (water setae along anterior margin (Figure 1A). velocity approximately 0.20 m/s to 1.21 Left mandible: the outer incisor with 3 blunt m/s) with mostly large boulder substrate denticles, inner incisor with 4 blunt denticles, (diameter size larger than 256 mm) and the space between molar and prostheca some cobble (64-256 mm). smooth, prostheca robust with small denticles apically, comb shape, an enlarged blunt tooth Material examined: Narathiwat with a row of 7 blunt denticles and small province; 17 nymphs, 26.iii.2016, Pacho denticles apically (Figure 1C). Right mandible: waterfall, Bacho (06°32′63.38′′N; the outer incisor and inner incisor with 3 blunt 101°38′13.80′′E, 80 m a.s.l., water velocity denticles, prostheca slender than the one on 1.21 m/s) (KKU-AIC0001); 35 nymphs, left mandible and with small denticles apically, 27.iii.2016, Wang Thong waterfall, Ra-Ngae comb shape. The space between molar and district (06°41′78.47′′N; 101°38′10.60′′E, prostheca smooth with small teeth and 80 m a.s.l., water velocity 0.83 m/s) hair-like setae apically (Figure 1D). Maxillae: (KKU-AIC0002); 1 nymph, 21.v.2016, Suwari maxillary palpus 3-segmented with a small tip waterfall, Rueso district (06°28′26.16′′N; at apex (Figures 1E-F). Labium: paraglossae 101°42′10.60′′E, alt. 73 m a.s.l., water velocity slightly shorter than glossae, 2 large clavate 0.55 m/s) (KKU-AIC0003), Phatthalung spines at apex of glossae (Figure 2C), province; 8 nymphs, 16.v.2016, Khao Kram labial palpus 3-segmented (Figure 1B). waterfall, Srinakarin district (07°31′14.52′′N; Hypopharynx as in Figure 1G. Thorax: 099°52′45.00′′E, alt. 60 m a.s.l.) (KKU- pronotum and mesonotum rounded laterally AIC0004); Nakhon Sri Thammarat and wider than metanotum, Hind wing pads province; 18 nymphs, 17.v.2016, Kiriwong reduced. Legs: generally brownish and stout. stream, Lansaka district (08°27′13.02′′N; All three segments with dense row of long 099°44′22.32′′E, alt. 238 m a.s.l.) (KKU- fine feathered bristles on outer margin AIC0005); Trang province; 11 nymphs, (Figures 1I-J), inner margin near apex of 18.v.2016, Khao Lak waterfall, Muang tarsus with one long bristle (Figure 2D), tarsal district (07°43′44.28′′N; 099°44′20.46′′E, claw with a row of 7-9 denticles. Abdomen: alt. 61 m a.s.l.) (KKU-AIC0006); Songkhla abdominal terga generally brownish, each with province; 7 nymphs, 19.v.2016, Tone a pair of dark brown oblique submedial Nga Chang stream, Hat Yai district streaks and a pair of dark brown dots below (06°59′01.70′′N; 100°21′18.11′′E, alt. the oblique streaks, posterior margin with 558 m a.s.l., water velocity 0.5 m/s) (KKU- broad, rounded denticles. Gills present on AIC0007); 5 nymphs, 19.v.2016, Boriphat abdominal terga I-VII, single leaf-shaped, waterfall, Hat Yai district (06°59′41.76′′N; margin smooth with scattered fine setae, gills 100°08′58.26′′E, alt. 130 m a.s.l.) on tergum I without tracheation, terga II-VII (KKU-AIC0008). with branched trachea (Figure 2A). Median Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(2) 777

Figure 1. Platybaetis bishopi M ller-Liebenau, A, labrum (dorsal view), B, labium (ventral view), C, left mandible (ventral view), D, right mandible (ventral view), E, left maxilla (dorsal view), F, right maxilla (dorsal view),G, hypopharynx (ventral view), H, median caudal filament, I, foreleg, J, feathered bristles on outer margin of foreleg. 778 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(2)

Figure 2. Platybaetis spp. A, gills I-VII of P. bishopi M ller-Liebenau, B, clear incision at middle of posterior margin of head, C, two large clavate spines at apex of glossa, D, a long bristle at inner side near apex of tarsus, E, long and acute spines on posterior marginal terga of P. sulawesiensis Tong & Dudgeon, F, posterior marginal terga of P. wallacei Tong & Dudgeon, G, apical margin of paraglossa of P. wallacei Tong & Dudgeon, I, matanotum of P. wallacei Tong & Dudgeon, H, posterior marginal terga of P. probus M ller-Liebenau. Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(2) 779

Figure 3. A, Habitus of P. bishopi M ller-Liebenau from Thailand, B, lateral view of Baetiella bispinosa (Gose) nymphal specimen, C, habitus of B. bispinosa (Gose) nymph (dorsal view) with single tubercle on metanotum and abdominal terga I-II, D, a pair of tubercle on abdominal segment V, E, coxal gills, F, microhabitat of B. bispinosa (Gose) nymph at Pha Kong stream (Chiang Rai province).

Key to known mature nymphs of [Philippines]...... P. edmundsi Platybaetis M ller-Liebenau, 1980 - Hind wing pads not developed; large (1) Middle of posterior margin of head with bristles-like spines on posterior margin of a clear incision (Figure 2B)...... 2 terga and submarginally inserted (Figure 2H); - Middle of posterior margin of head with median caudal filament reduced but shallow indentation or notch in female of more than one segments; [Sabah (East some species...... 3 Malaysia)]...... P. probus

(2) Hind wing pads reduced or absent; (3) Hind wing pads developed...... 4 median caudal filament with 6-7 segments; - Hind wing pads lacking or reduced...... 5 pointed spines on posterior margin of terga; 780 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(2)

(4) Hind wing pads developed; bristles at head. Labrum: anteromedian notch with inner row near apical margin of paraglossa deep cleft, dorsal surface with a row of pointed; median caudal filament with feathered bristles along the anterior margin 5 segments; [Nepal]...... P. uenoi (Figure 4A). Left mandible (Figure 4E): - Hind wing pads minute and narrow the outer incisor with 3 blunt denticles and (Figure 2I); apical margin of paraglossae inner incisor with 4 denticles, the prostheca with single row of 7 long, robust, clavate setae comb shape with small denticles apically. (Figure 2G); terga I-X with broad, rounded The space between prostheca and molar posterior marginal spines (Figure 2F); median smooth with a large blunt tooth and a row caudal filament reduced to single segment; of denticles. Right mandible: the outer incisor [Indonesia]...... P. wallacei with 3 blunt denticles and inner incisor with 3 denticles, the space between prostheca (5) Median caudal filament reduced to 1 and molar smooth with a hair-like setae segment (Figure 1H)...... 6 apically (Figure 4F). Maxillae (Figure 4C): - Median caudal filament several (about 16 maxillary palpus 2-segmented and subequal segments); Gills present on abdominal in length, terminal segment with a small tip segment II-VII; 2nd segment of labial palp at apex (Figure 4D). Labium: glossae shorter with well developed lobe on medial margin; than paraglossae, labial palpus 3-segmented, [Australia]...... P. gadadjuensis terminal segment conical with a small tip at apex (Figure 4B). Thorax: thoracic dorsum (6) Long and acute spines present on posterior with tubercles; pronotum with 2 pairs of marginal terga I-X (Figure 2E); tubercles medially, mesonotum with 1 pairs [Indonesia]...... P. sulawesiensis of small tubercles medially and 2 pairs of - Spine on abdominal terga not above...... 7 small tubercles submedially; posterior margin of metanotum with a single (7) Mandibles blade-like: incisor very long, posteromedian tubercle. Hind wing pads palisade spines present on posterior marginal vestigials (Figure 4G). All legs with a single terga, [Indonesia]...... P. mamasae finger-like coxal gills (Figure 3E), femora - Mandibles not above, broad and rounded with a dense irregular row of long, fine spines present on posterior marginal terga glabrate bristles on dorsal margin; tarsal I-X; [Malaysia]...... P. bishopi claw with two rows of denticles and a pair of apical bristles. Abdomen: mediodorsal Genus Baetiella U no (1931) posterior margin of abdominal terga I-II Pseudocloeon bispinosa Gose (1980: 211). each with a single tubercle (Figure 3C), Baetiella bispinosa (Gose): Waltz and McCafferty terga III-IX each with a pair of tubercles (1987a: 563), Tong and Dudgeon (2000: 143). (Figure 3D), terga surface with numerous Description. Mature nymphs (Figure pores and fine setae, posterior margin of 3B). The body length 9.60-1.00 mm, head terga with blunt denticles. Gills on segment width 0.60-0.70 mm, head length 0.35 mm, I-VII, single lamellae, untracheated, margin cerci 1.5 times longer than body length, smooth. Cerci light brown without swimming median caudal filament reduced to one setae, median caudal filament reduced to segment. Head: head capsule brown, antennae one segment. short and slightly longer than the width of Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(2) 781

Figure 4. Baetiella bispinosa (Gose) from Thailand: A, labrum (dorsal view), B, labium (ventral view), C, maxilla (ventral view), D, terminal segment of labial palpus, E, left mandible (dorsal view), F, right mandible (dorsal view), G, metanotum.

Ecological notes: Baetiella bispinosa Material examined. Chiang Rai (Gose, 1980) nymphs mainly inhabit on province: 6 nymphs, 5.ii.2016, Pha Khong the surface of stones in fast flowing stream cave, Phan district (19°31′12.15′′N; and seem to be restricted distribution 99°39′12.59′′E, 649 m a.s.l., water velocity in Thailand (Figure 3F). Shi and Tong (2015) 0.25 m/s) (KKU-AIC0009); Chiang Mai reported this species from China (Hong Kong province: 5 nymphs, 15.i.2007, Mea Taeng and Guangdong) [14, 15], it was also reported Elephant Kraal, Mea Taeng district from Japan [17]. (19°11′50.51′′N; 98°53′13.98′′E, 362 m a.s.l.) (KKU-AIC0010). 782 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(2)

DISCUSSIONS dorsum with tubercles or smooth, paired Platybaetis M ller-Liebenau, 1980 can be or single tubercles present or absent distinguished from other genera by two on abdominal tergum, and terminal filament large clavate spines at the apex of glossae, reduced and shorter than cerci (singular head usually wider than long with a or multi-segmented) [14]. B. bispinosa (Gose, near-quadrangular shape, rounded laterally 1980) can be distinguished from other pronotum and tarsus with single long species by the single tubercle present on bristles at the inner side near the apex [5]. the metanotum to abdominal segment II; P. bishopi, M ller-Liebenau, 1980 can separate paired tubercles present on abdominal from other species by a combination of segments III-IX but absent from abdominal characteristics: hind wing pads absent, segment X; coxal gills present at ventral side terminal filament reduced to one segment, near base of all legs; gill, single and present, posterior abdominal terga with broad spines, on abdominal segments I-VII; and terminal and all three segments with a dense row of filament reduced to one segment. Both of long feathered bristles at outer margin [6]. these species of baetid mayflies are newly Genus Baetiella U no has been considered a recorded in Thailand (Figure 5), found subgenus of Pseudocloeon or Baetis and is very in upper streams with unpolluted water in closely related to the genus Gratia Thomas riffles or fast-flowing water habitats and and Acentrella Bengtsson. Moreover, Baetiella non-disturbed areas. The genus Platybaetis U no can be distinguished by a combination M ller-Liebenau, 1980 is distributed in both of characteristics as follows: femora with low and high altitudes, while Baetiella U no irregular row of long glabrate bristles at was found in only high elevations in narrow outer margin, villopore present, thoracic headwater streams in the north of Thailand.

Platybaetis bishopi M ller-Liebenau, 1980

Baetlella bispinosa (Gose, 1980)

0 150 kilometers

Figure 5. Distribution and sampling sites of Platybaetis bishopi M ller-Liebenau, 1980 and Baetiella bispinosa (Gose, 1980). Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(2) 783

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS [7] Tong X. and Dudgeon D., Wuyi Sc. J., We are most grateful to Ms. On-uma 2002; 18: 24-26. Oonsapwiboon for assistance during field [8] M ller-Liebenau I., Spixiana, 1984; 7(3): trips. Special thanks are due to Dr. Kittiya 253-284. Thawarorit for providing the specimens of [9] Tong X. and Dudgeon D., Entomol. News, Platybaetis bishopi (M ller-Liebenau, 1980) from 1999; 110 (5): 90-296. DOI 10.5962/bhl. Narathiwat province. We would like to thank part.19524. the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University for facilities [10] Suter P.J., Platybaetis gagadjuensis, A New Species from Northern Australia and assistance. This work was supported by (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae); in Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Dominguez D.E. ed., Trends in Research Khon Kaen University grant ATRC_R5904, in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, New York, The Khon Kaen University’s Graduate 2001; 359-364. DOI 10.1007/978-1- Research Fund and Science Achievement 4615-1257-8_41. Scholarship of Thailand (SAST). [11] Kluge N.J. and Novikova E.A., Russian Entomol. J., 2011; 20(1): 1-56. REFERENCES [12] Kumar C.S., Sundar S. and [1] Gattolliat J.L. and Nietob C., Aquat. Sivaramakrishnan K.G., Orient. Insects, Insect., 2009; 31(1): 41-62. DOI 10.1080/ 2012; 46 (2): 116-129. DOI 10.1080/ 01650420902812214. 00305316.2012.689487. [2] M ller-Liebenau I. and Hubbard M.D., [13] Kluge N.J, Kumbakonam G., Florida Entomol., 1985; 68(4): 537-561. Selvakumar C. and Kubendran T., Orient. DOI 10.2307/3494855. Insects, 2013; 35: 63-70. DOI 10.1080/ [3] Kang S.C., Chang H.C. and Yang C.T., 01650424.2014.980272. J. Taiwan Museum, 1994; 47(2): 9-44. [14] Shi W. and Tong X., Zootaxa, 2015; [4] Tungpairojwong N. and Bae Y.J., Anim. 4012(3): 553-569. DOI 10.11646/ Syst. Evol. Divers., 2015; 31(1): 22-30. zootaxa.4012.3.9. DOI 10.5635/ASED.2015.31.1.022. [15] Tong X. and Dudgeon D., Entomol. News, [5] M ller-Liebenau I., Jubabaetis Gen. N. 2000; 111(2): 143-138. and Platybaetis Gen. N., Two New Genera [16] Waltz R.D. and McCafferty W.P., of the Family Baetidae from the Oriental Region; J. New York Entomol. Soc., 1987; 95(4): in Flannagan J.F. and Marshall K.E., 553-568. eds., Advance in Ephemeroptera Biology, New York, 1980a: 103-114. [17] Gose K., Aquat. Biol., 1980; 2: 211-215. [6] M ller-Liebenau I., Gewass Abwass, 1980b; 66/67: 95-101.