PACIFIC LINGUISTICS

Se�ie� C - No. 58

A RHADE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY WITH ENGLISH-RHADE FINDERLIST

by

James A. Tharp and V-Bham �6n-ya

Department of Linguistics

Research School of Pacific Studies

THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Tharp, J.A. and Buon-Ya, Y-B. A Rhade-English dictionary, with English-Rhade finderlist. C-58, xii + 280 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1980. DOI:10.15144/PL-C58.cover ©1980 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIfIC LINGUISTICS is issued through the L�ngu����c C�4cle 06

Cdnbe44d and consists of four series:

SERIES A - OCCASIONAL PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS SERIES V - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

EDITOR: S.A. Wurm.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. Laycock, C.L. Voorhoeve, D.T. Tryon, T.E. Dutton.

EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B. Bender, University of Hawaii J. Lynch, University of Papua New D. Bradley, University of Melbourne Guinea A. Capell, University of Sydney K.A. McElhanon, University of Texas S. Elbert, University of Hawaii H. McKaughan, University of Hawaii K. Franklin, Summer Institute of P. MUhlh�usler, Linacre College, OXford Linguistics G.N. O'Grady, University of W.W. Glover, Summer Institute of Victoria, B.C. Linguistics A.K. Pawley, University of Hawaii G. Grace, University of Hawaii K. pike, University of Michigan; Summer M.A.K. Halliday, University of Institute of Linguistics Sydney E.C. polam�, University of Texas A. Healey, Summer Institute of G. Sankoff, Universit� de Montr�al Linguistics W.A.L. Stokhof, Jakarta L. Hercus, Au stralian National E. Uhlenbeck, University of Leiden University J.W.M. Verhaar, University of N.D. Liem, University of Hawaii Indonesia, Jakarta

ALL CORRESPONDENCE concerning PACIfIC LINGUISTICS, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to: The Secretary, PACIfIC LINGUISTICS, Department of Linguistics, School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University,

Canberra, A.C.T. 2600. Australia.

Copyright � The Authors.

First published 1980.

The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for help in the production of this series.

This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the

Hu nter Douglas Fund.

National Library of Australia Card Number and ISBN 0 85883 217 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE iv

INTRODUCTION v

Arrangement v

Orthography vi

Etymology vi

Grammatical Categories vii

Miscellaneous vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii

WORKS CITED ix RHADE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY 1 ENGLISH-RHADE FINDERLIST 133

iii PREFACE

Rhade (called Ee� by its speakers and also known as Rade, Raday,

Rd�, etc. ) with its various subgroups (Mdhur, Adham, Blo, Kodrao, Bih,

Krung, and Rde Kpa) was reported by the Summer Institute of Linguistics in 1972 to be spoken by 80,000 to 100,000 persons throughout Darlac and part of Khanh Hoa provinces, centred around Banmethuot. What effect subsequent hostilities and political developments may have had on the number of speakers and their location is not yet clear. Rhade has for some time served as a lingua franca in certain parts of the central highlands region of Vietnam among various minority groups and between minorities and Vietnamese, so there is a substantial number of non­ native speakers conversant in this language.

Previous Rhade lexicographic words include Tin' s Raday Vocabula�y and Louison' s Victionnai�e Rhade -F�an�ai�, neither of which is available to the present writers. The latter work, however, formed the foundation of Davias-Baudrit' s substantial dictionary of the same name. The num­ erous phonological and semantic discrepancies between the present work and that of Davias-Baudrit are apparently due to dialect differences.

That work' s extensive coverage of compounds and generous inclusion of sample sentences are very valuable. In 1976 Headley cited in his bib­ liography a 8a�ic Vocabula�y 06 Rhade by Rechenbach which also is unavailable to the present writers. And finally, the Summer Institute of Linguistics has published in 1977 a Rade Vocabula�y.

Thus the present work is not only the first Rhade-English dictionary but also the first published dictionary of Rhade. Its relatively greater number of entries, their more abundant etymological and gram­ matical information, and the appended English-Rhade finderlist consti­ tute this work' s principal contributions to Rhade lexicography. The present volume is the result of a continuing project which the writers hope will eventually result in a more comprehensive and analytical work.

iv INTRODUCTION

ARRANGEMENT

In this dictionary the alphabetical arrangement used by Pere Davias­

Baudrit has been followed with some modifications: a, a, a, b, �, �, d, 4, e, e, �, �, g, h, I, T, j, dJ , k, 1 , m, n, n, ng, 0, 0, d, �, d, d, p, r, s, t, u, u, II, ii, w, y.

The orthography used, including. and a, is the standard Rhade orthography which has been in use for many years and is familiar to every literate Rhade.

Main entries are arranged alphabetically by Rhade headword. Homo­ phonous headwords are provided with subscript numbers and their respec­ tive entries are ordered arbitrarily.

Entries consist of a Rhade *headword, a cross-reference to related headword (s), etymological information consisting of Proto-Austronesian and/or Proto-Chamic reconstructions with their respective definitions, a *part of speech category, a numerical classifier, an adjective inten­ sive form, an adjective plural form, a *definition, and an illustration sentence.

Subentries follow main entries, provide the same kind of information as appears in main entries, and describe the headword 's occurrence with the verbal particle bl and occurrence in compounds. Compounds appear as subentries under the entry for their first element. Thus, the com­ pound �mong gu appears as a subentry under the main entry for �mong.

Under the entry for gu appears a cross-reference to �mdng gu.

* Present in every entry.

v vi

ORTHOGRAPHY

The present writers have adhered to the currently used Rhade orth­ ography to the extent that it is standardised. In various texts examined there is some inconsistency in the representation of various diphthongs and of medial glottal stop, as well as a few other infrequent inconsistencies. In such cases the more common representation has been adopted and employed consistently Cexcept when a phonemic contrast would thereby be obscured}.

Following is a chart of the orthographic symbols arranged according to the articulatory properties of the sounds they represent.

v P t c k � u

b d j 9 e d 0 & • dJ e a 0 m n n n9 Vowel length 5 h

r

w y

represents glottal stop.

& represents a voiced bilabial preglottalised stop.

e represents a voiced dental preglottalised stop.

dj represents a voiced palatal preglottalised stop. e represents a high-mid front unrounded vowel.

e represents a mid front unrounded vowel.

� represents a high central unrounded vowel.

d represents a mid central unrounded vowel.

a represents a high-mid back rounded vowel.

o represents a mid back rounded vowel.

indicates short vowels.

ETYMOLOGY

Headwords which appear related to existing Proto-Austronesian or

Proto-Chamic reconstructions are followed by a parenthetical etymological note in which the relevant reconstructionCs} is cited. PAN refers to

Proto-Austronesian as reconstructed by Dempwolff, unless explicitly attributed to Blust. PC refers to Lee' s Proto-Chamic reconstructions. vii

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES

The following grammatical categories have been recognised: adjective, conjunction, demonstrative, expressive, interjection, intransitive verb, noun, numeral, numerical classifier, particle, preposition, preverb, and transitive verb.

Adjectives follow nouns or other adjectives or function as predicate adjectives, and may be followed directly by the comparative particles.

Conjunctions introduce dependent sentences. Demonstratives follow nouns or adjectives and are the final element of fully expanded noun phrases.

Occasionally, though not so often as in English, a demonstrative may function as a noun. Expressives occur sentence-finally and are composed of two rhyming or reduplicated syllables. Only a few interjections appear in this dictionary. They are words such as English 'Hey!' or

'Ouch!' which do not participate in grammatical constructions. Intran­ sitive verbs differ from adjectives in that they cannot be followed directly by comparative particles. Intransitive verbs differ from transitive verbs only in that they may not be followed by an object noun phrase. On the other hand, transitive verbs may be followed by an object noun phrase, though with some such verbs the object noun phrase is obligatory and with others it is optional. Nouns may be preceded by numerals and numerical classifiers and may be followed by adjectives or demonstratives. Numerals usually precede a numerical classifier in introducing a noun phrase, though before certain nouns a numerical classifier does not ordinarily appear. The particles are a group of forms which may occur at various positions within the sentence. Most of them lack lexical meaning. This grammatical category needs much additional examination. There are a handful of items called prepositions here which precede various locational and directional noun phrases.

And finally, there is a small group of preverbs which may immediately precede transitive and intransitive verbs and which resemble the modals of English.

MISCELLANEOUS

Certain frequently used adjectives may be intensified by the addition of a second rhyming syllable. Neither the existence of such an intensive form for a particular adjective nor the second syllable' s precise shape is predictable. A much smaller class of very frequently occurring adjectives has an optional plural form consisting apparently of what was historically a.reduplication of the adjectives' initial syllable.

Both intensive and plural adjective forms are entered in the main entry for their corresponding simple adje9tives. viii

Finally, certain verbs containing the formative bi may be used only with plural subjects (though the corresponding form lacking bi may be used with either singular or plural subjects). Such plural verbs are designated in the dictionary by the word 'plural' in parentheses fol­ lowing their definitions.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to express their gratitude to Robert Hsu,

Professor of Linguistics at the University of Hawaii, who planned and prepared the computer programs used in the preparation of this diction­ ary, and to the Department of Linguistics of the University of Hawaii for the generous use of computer resources and facilities. WORKS CITED

BLUST, Robert A.

1970 'Proto-Austronesian Addenda '. Oceanic Lingui�zic� 9/2:

104-62.

DEMPWOLFF, Otto

1938 Ve�gleichende Lauzleh�e de� au�z�one�i�chen Wo�z�chazze�,

vo1.3: A�z�one�i�che� Wo�ze�ve�zeichni�. Zeiz�ch�6z 6U�

Eingebo�enen-Sp�achen Supplement 19. Berlin: Reimer.

DAVIAS-BAUDRIT, J.

1966 Viczionnai�e Rhade- F�an�ai�. Da1at, Vietman: Mission

Catho1ique de Banmethuot.

HEADLEY, Robert K., Jr

1976 'Some Sources of Chamic Vocabulary '. Au�z�oa�iaZic

Szudie� 1:453-76. Oceanic Lingui�Zic� Special Publication

No.13.

LEE, Ernest Wilson

1966 Proto-Chamic Phonologic Word and Vocabulary. Ph.D.

dissertation, University of Indiana.

LOUISON, Benj amin

1964 Viczionnai�e F�an�ai� -Rhade, Rhade-F�an�ai�. Dalat,

Vietnam: Centre Montagnard de Camly.

SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS, Mainland Southeast Asia Branch forth­ Rade Vocabula�y. In press. coming

SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS, Vietnam Branch

1972 Vietnam Minority Languages (Revised). Mimeographed.

TIN, Pham Xin

1957 Raday Vocabulary. Mimeographed.

RHADE-ENGLISH DICT I ONARY Tharp, J.A. and Buon-Ya, Y-B. A Rhade-English dictionary, with English-Rhade finderlist. C-58, xii + 280 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1980. DOI:10.15144/PL-C58.cover ©1980 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative.

------1

A acuor Noun. Classifier : boh . Gable. a Noun. Classifier: boh . A letter of the Rhade alphabet, ada 1 Noun. Classifier : ca. a. Grandmother (girls ' speech). 1 abao C f. b a 0 • No un . Classi­ ada2 Noun. Classifier: drei . fi er: drei . Kind of black Turkey . water snail. adafi Adjective. Intensive: abao knga Noun. Classifier: pok . External ear. adan Qan. Disinclined (to do something). abao2 Noun. Classifier: �be. bi adan Adjective. Disin­ Door or window frame in tradi­ clined (to do something) tional house made by cutting (plural). a lengthwise split in al� bam­ boo and fitting it onto the adam edge of the tria mtlh. adam adei Cf. . dam dei . Noun. No grammatical classifier. abal Adjective. Dull. Older and younger brothers and bi abal Transi ti ve verb . To sisters (of female ). dull, to make dull. adam kna i Cf. dam knai . Noun. Classifier : ca. Friend. aban Noun. Classifier: blah. Blanket . adei (PAN : a(l) jl 'clan, blood relative (usually younger)', abhan (PC: bha :n 'to sneeze' ). PC: ?adai 'younger sibling'). Cf. bhan. Intransitive verb. Noun. Classifi er : ca. Younger To sneeze. brother, younger sister, one 's bl abhan Intransitive verb . child-in-law's parent (younger), cousin: one 's mother 's sister's To sneeze (plural ). Transitive child (younger ). verb . To make sneeze. adam adei . klei abhan Noun. No gramma ti­ Cf. cal cl assifier . Cold (sickness). Cf. di adei .

abi ek l Noun. Classifier : drel. adhan (PAN : (dD)aqan 'branch , Kind of very small frog . twig ', PC : dha :n 'bough'). Cf. dhan. No un . Classifier: abi ek 2 Cf. ana abi&k. aruat, ee. Branch, twig.

abuat Noun. Classifier: aruat. adhei (PAN : (dD) aqay 'forehead ', Kind of tall thin jar. PC : ?adha i 'forehead' ). Cf. dhe i. Noun . Classifier: boh . abu Noun. Cl assifier: boh . Kind Forehead. of small jar. adhi Cf. kdhi . Tr ansi ti ve verb . abtl Cf. b�. Noun. Classifier: To rub , to scratch (one's body ) drei . Kind of fis- (hong against ). h. bi adh i Transitive verb . acong Noun. Classifier: boh. To rub , to scratch (one 's body) Summit, top. (hong against). acue1 Cf. mcu& . Transitive adhul Cf. dh ul1 • Noun. No verb. To tie (string, cord, etc. ). grammatical classifier. Fog. bl acu& Transitive verb. To adie1 Noun. No grammatical tie (string, cord, etc.). classifier. Sky . Weather. Cf. adu adi�. acue2 Cf. �u�. Noun. Classi­ fi er : bTt. Thicket of al& adie2 Adjecti ve. Immature, bamboo. young (of fruit).

Tharp, J.A. and Buon-Ya, Y-B. A Rhade-English dictionary, with English-Rhade finderlist. C-58, xii + 280 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1980. DOI:10.15144/PL-C58.1 ©1980 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. 2

adih Cf. dih. Demonstrative . a� �a drao Noun . Classifier: That (far from speaker and co. Doctor . hearer) . Cf. slim adih. agaih Cf. mga ih. Transi tive verb . To push aside with one's Cf. nah adih. hand. i aga i h Transi ti ve verb . adak Preverb . Still. b To push aside with one's hand . adrang Noun . Classifier : aruat . agam ? gam Rice straw . (PC: - 'incest '). Adjective . Unmarryable . Taboo adren Noun. Classifier: boh. (of sex-related words ). Name of a cave in the creation bi agam Adjective . Unmarry­ myth. able . adriek Cf. ajfk adri�k. agha (PAN : aka(r) 'root' , PC: Cf. sfng adri�k. ?ugha 'root'). Noun. Classi ­ fi er: aruat. Root . adri�p Noun. Classifier : �e. bi agha Intransi ti ve verb . Kind of bamboo fish basket . Having many roots. ad ring Noun. Classifier : boh. aghan Transitive verb . To go Porch, floor-level platform at to sell, to peddle (expensive front of traditional house. ob ject such as vehicle, animal , etc.). adrok Noun. Cl assifier: drei. Kind of toad. bi aghan Transiti ve verb . To make go to sell something , to adrung Noun . Classifier: �e. make peddle something. Bamboo floor support in trad­ itional house. agra Intransitive verb . To meow . bi agra Transitive verb . To adu make meow . adu ad i� Noun . No gramma tical cl assifier. Sky. aguah (PC: muguah 'morning'). Cf . guah . Noun . Cl assifi er : aduon (PC: ?adian 'old' }. Cf. blilt. Morning. mduon . Noun. Classifier: CO. Grandmother. Westerner (fem­ aguah mg i (Grammatical class ale ) . membership not yet analysed). Tomorrow morning. adu1 (PC: ?adu? 'room' ). Noun. aguah dih (Grammatical class Cl assi fier: boh . Room. Class membership not yet analysed). in school. Day after tomorrow . adu2 Noun. Classifier: �e. aguam Cf. guam. Adjective . Umbrella . Shy . adung IJU� bi aguam Adjective . Shy (PAN : 'nose' , PC : Transitive verb . ?idu�, ?udu� Noun. (plural). 'nose'). To make shy . Classifier: boh. Nose . aguat Noun . Classifi er : adit drei. Cf. ana adll. Scorpion . a� Noun . Classifier : co. Grand­ father. Westerner (male). ah Particle expressing respect. a� di� Noun . Classifier: cd. aham Intransi tive verb . To God . clear one's throat. a� du Noun. Cl as sifier: co. God. 3

bl aham Intransitive verb . akat (PC: sukOt 'cork, stopper '). To clear one 's throat . Trans ­ Noun . Cl assifier: boh . Cap , itive verb . To make (someone) cork, plug, stopper . Trans ­ clear his throat . itive verb . To cap , to clog, to close, to plug, to stop up . ahiek Cf. ur ahi�k. bi akat Tra nsitive verb . To ahuap Adjecti ve . Concave , dented cap, to clog, to close , to in. plug, to stop up . bi ahuap Transitive verb . To akao (PC: lak au 'to ask for'). make concave , to dent in. Transitive verb . To ask for , to request . ai mda i . Noun . Classifier: Cf. bl akao boh . Tra nsi ti ve verb . To Energy , physical force, ask for, to request (plural). power . Classifier: co. Helper. To make (someone) ask for some­ al ngam Noun . No grammatical thing, to make (someone ) request classifier. Hypocritical qual­ something. ities . he i anan mao a I ngam sdnak. 'That man is very akieng Noun . Classifier: brt. hypocritical .' Corner . Elbow . ai ti� Noun . No gramma tical akI (PAN : Ra (l) klt 'to tie to­ classifier. Energy , physical gether , raft ', PC : r k i? 'raft'). force, power . Cf. ·kr. Noun . ClassIfi er: boh. Cf. hlak ai. Bamboo raft . aI Particle. No (opposite of aka (PC: ?aka? 'head' ). Cf. 'yes ', but cannot stand alone ka1• Noun . Classifier: boh. as answer to question) . Head. ar mang Adj ecti ve . Nothing . akQ �deh Noun . Classifier: boh . Hood of motor vehicle. ajIk Noun. Classifier: drel . Frog. aku 1 (PAN : ikuR 'tail ', PC : ?iku 'tail'). Noun . Classifier: ajrk adri�k Noun . Classifier: aru�t , ae. drel. Frog . Tail . aku2 Noun . Classifier: Be. ak (PAN : uak 'to crow, croak , Bird trap . quack ' (Blust 1973), PC: ?a:k Noun. Classifier: 'crow' ). aku6p Noun . Clas sifier : ae. d re i. Crow . Petiole , stem of leaf or fruit. akam1 Noun. No grammatical clas ­ aku6t Noun . Classifier: ae . sifier. Arrow poison made from Leaf not yet uncurled. tree sap. akung Noun . Classifier: ae. 2 akam Noun. No grammatical clas­ Bird trap . sifier . Rice husk. al al Expressive. Describes akan (PAN: ikan 'fish', PC: manner of hurting, of being ?ikan 'fish'). Noun. Classi" pain ful . fi er: drel. Fish. akan k�n Noun. Classifi er: ala1 (PAN : ulaR 'snake', PC: drei . Kind of fish. ?ula 'snake'). Noun . Classi­ fi er : drel. Snake . aka (PAN: Iket 'to turn , to fasten', PC: ?ika? 'to tie'). ala2 Transitive verb . To tie up . bl al a Transitive verb . To represent. bi aka Transitive verb . To tie up. 4

al a 3 C f. I a n a I a • alB Intransitive verb . To cry (of eagle ). to howl (of do g) . alah (PC: ?al ah 'lazy'). Adjec­ bi al8 Transitive verb . ti ve . Lazy . To make (eagle ) cry . to make (dog ) bi alah Transitive verb . To howl . make lazy. Cf. tho alah . alum Intransi tive verb . To ask to do something . to request to ala No un. Classifier: boh . Eye . do something. al a boh mnu (pc: alak 'yolk'). bi alum Transitive verb . To Noun. Classifier: boh . Yolk make (someone) ask someone else of egg. to do something . to make (some­ one) request someone else to do ala king Cf. Iiikrng. Noun. somethi ng. Classifier: pok . Glass. Mirror. alu Noun. Classifier: boh . Group . ala kiH (pc: alak 'yolk'). bi alu Transitive verb . To Noun. Classifier : boh . Yolk group together. to place to­ of egg. gether. ala kthiat Noun. No gramma ti- alUfi Tra nsitive verb . To induce cal classifier. Sty on eyelid. (someone . something) to do some ­ Cf. �hTt a Iii. thing (hong by means of). Cf. klan a I a. bi all/Ii Transitive verb . To k I ieng a I a. induce (someone. something) to Cf. do something (hong by means of). Cf. m�hTt ala. alung Cf. I ling. Adjecti ve. ale (pc: ?a le 'bamb oo species '). Intensive: alung alang . To be Noun. Cl assifier: aruat, �e . naked. Kind of small bamboo . bi aIling Transitive verb . To remove the clothes of. to un­ al� Transitive verb . To spit out . dress. bi al� Transiti ve verb . To am spit out (plural ). am II Adjective . Indefinite. vague . aliek Noun. No gramma tical bi am II Adjective . Indefinite. classifier. Vomited milk. vague (plural). aliu Intransi tive verb . To howl (of dog) . ama (PAN : ama 'father '. PC : ?ama 'father '). Cf. ma. Noun. bi aliu Transitive verb . To Classifier: co. Father . make (dog) howl . ama khop No un. Classifier: �o . Catholic priest. along Transitive verb . To beat (drum. gong) to announce some­ Cf. amr ama . thing . co . bi along amai Noun. Classifier: Transitive verb . To Older sister. one 's child-in­ make beat a drum or gong to law's mother (older) . cousin: announce something. one 's mo ther 's daughter (older). one's father 's brother 's al6k Transitive verb . To open. to peel. daughter (older) . bi alok Transitive verb . To amAo make open something . to make amSo ... oh (Grammatical class peel something. membership not yet analysed) . Not. 5

amao mao oh Sentence . Cf. amrak (pc: ?amra:k 'peacock' ) . m'mao oh . You are welcome . Noun. Classifier: drel. Pea­ amao mao ... oh. ( Grammatical cock . class membership not yet an­ alysed) . No , none , there are amr�c ( PC: ?amrec 'hot pepper ' ) . no , there is no. Noun . Classifier: aruat. asar. Chili pepper. amao dah Conjunction. Or. amung l ( PC: ?amu :1) 'snout ' ) . amao ee l tuom . .. oh. ( Gram­ matical class membership not Noun . Classi fier: boh . Snout . ) yet analysed . Rarely , seldom. amung2 ( PC: ?amu:1) no recon­ structed gloss) . Noun. Clas­ amhe Cf. kmhe . Noun. Classi ­ sifier: �e . Stalk of bananas . fi er: drel. Otter. amuon ( ?amuan ) amhdk Noun . No grammatical clas­ PC : 'nephew ' . ( ) Noun . Classifier: co . Nephew , sifier . Temple body part . niece: one's sister's child . ami�t ( PC : ?amlat 'uncle' ) . amur Cf. mur . Noun . Classifier : Noun. Classifi er : co. Aunt: one's mother 's younger brother 's boh. Top of car. No gramma ti ­ cal classifier. Hump on back wife, uncle: one's mother 's of bull. younger brother. aml�t �ke l Noun . Classifier: an Transitive verb . To push co . Uncle: one 's mother's (hong against) . younger brother. bi an Transitive verb . To aml�t mnl� Noun . Cl assifier: push (hong against) ( plural ) . co. Aunt : one's mother 's younger brother's wife . anal ( PAN : ina 'mother', PC: ?Ina 'mother animal ' ) . Noun. ami Cf. mf. Noun . Classifi er : Classifier: drei . Female co . Mother. animal, mother animal . amf ama Noun. No gramma tical ana2 Noun. Classifier: �e . classifier. Parents. Plant , tree . amlirn Cf. ml lm. Transitive ana abi�k Noun. Classifier: verb . To dissolve in one's aruat. �e . Kind of plant . mouth. ana ad� Noun. Classifier: �e. b I amI 1m Transi ti ve verb . To Kind of plant having itchy dis solve in one 's mouth . wh ite sap. ana amr�� Noun . Classifier: amldk Noun. No grammatical clas­ �e. Chili pepper plant . sifier. Rice flour. ana aplang Noun. Classifi er : amlurn Cf. mlum. Noun. No gram­ �e . Kind of edible plant. ma tical classifier . Kind of ana arul Noun. Classifier : �e. skin disease causing itchy, Kind of tree . smelly white spots. ana asan Noun . Classifier : �e . amo Noun. Classifier: boh . Kind Kind of tree . of black porcelain bowl. ana atang Noun. Classifier : amo hbao hat Noun. Classifier: �e . Kind of tree whose branche s boh . Ashtray . are used in sacrifices. ana ati�ng Noun. Classifier: ampul Noun . Classifier : boh . �e. Kind of tall plant used in Light bulb . making baskets. amra Preverb . Future marker. ana boh eung Noun. Classifier: .�e . Coconut tree. 6

ana boh k�n Noun. Classifier: ana hyao Noun. Classifier: ae . ae . Kind of tree bearing Kind of tree. edible fruit. ana jue Noun. Classifi er : ae . aQa boh krue c�n Cf. ana krue Wild banana plant. cen. Noun . Classifi er: _ ae. ana djam bei sung Cf. phun Lemon tree. djam bei sung. Noun. Classi­ ana boh krue dung Noun. Clas­ fi er : ae . Cabbage plant. sifier : ae . Pomelo tree. ana djam aao Noun . Classifier: ana boh tei hung Noun. Clas­ ae . Chinese parsley plant. sifier: ae . Papaya plant. ana karot Cf. phun karot . ana a lan g Noun. Classifier: Noun . Classifier: ae . Carrot ae . Kind of tree having white plant. wood. ana karul Noun. Classifier: ana ce Noun . Classifier: ae . ae . Kind of tree . Tea plant . ana ke Noun. Classifier: &e . ana eme Noun . Classifier: ae. Kind of rice plant . Tamarind tree. ana kdjar Noun . Cl assifier: ana ebua Noun. Classifier : ae . ae . Kind of tree . Kind of small taro plant. ana kneh Noun . Classifier: &e . ana ejuar Noun. Classifi er : Kind of tree bearing spiny a e . Kind of tree usually in­ fruit . fe sted with caterpillars. ana knok Noun . Classifier: &e . ana emh ia Noun. Classifier : Kind of tree bearing edible ae. Star fruit tree . fruit . ana enga Noun. Classifier: ae . ana kne Noun . Classi fier: ae. Sesame plant. Kind of tree bearing edible white flowers. ana engu Noun. Classifier : ae . Sesame plant . ana kdyao kro Noun . Classi - .fi er : &e . Dead tr ee. ana erang Noun . Classifier : ae . Lychee tree. ana kpaih Cf. phun kpaih. Noun. Classifier: &e. Cotton ana etak Ian Cf. phun etak Ian. plant. Noun. Cl assifier : ae . Peanut plant . ana kpang Noun . Classifier: ae . Kind of tree . ana hat Noun . Classifier: ae . Tobacco plant . ana kphe Cf. ana phe . Noun. Classifier: &e . Coffee tree . ana hat drao No un . Classifier : ae. Opium poppy plant. ana krih Noun . Classifier : &e. Lotus plant . ana hbei alang Noun . Classi­ fi er: ae. Kind of sweet potato ana krue Noun. Classifier : &e . plant . Oran ge tree . ana krue c�n Cf. ana boh krue c�n. Noun. ana hbei ma Noun . Classifier: Classifier: &e. Lemon tree. ae. Kind of sveet potato plant . ana krum Cf . phun krum . Noun . . ana hrum Noun. Classifier: ae Classi fier : ae. Indigo plant . Kind of plant bearing edible leaves. ana ksam Noun . Classifier: &e . Kind of edible plant which grows ana hwie Noun. Classifier: &e. in wet places . Rattan plant . ana ksu Noun. Classifier: &e. ana hya l Noun. Classifier: ae . Rubber tree . Kind of edible forest plant. ana kthih Cf. phun kthih. ana hyam Noun. Classifier : &e . Noun . Classi fi er: &e . Kind of Kind of tree. fern . 7

ana kton Cf. phun kton . No un. anal No un. Classifier: drei . Classifier: &e . Kind of fern Kind of hairy caterpillar plant . which can irritate one's skin. ana ktdn g No un. Classi fier: anal &e . Kind of tree having very anal ko ( PC: sana:1 'pillow ' ) . hard red heartwood. Cf. hnal ko. No un. Classifier : ana kw�n No un. Classifier : be. boh . Pillow. Kind of large inedible fern plant . ananl ( PC: ?anan 'that ' ) . Cf. nan . Demonstrative. That ana m'mit Noun. Classifier : ( near hearer) . &e . Kind of tree bearing spiny fruit . Cf. hlak anan. ana mnang ( PAN : pinal) 'areca Cf. leh anan. palm' , PC : pina:1) 'areca palm' ) . No un. Classifier : &e. Kind of anan2 ( PC: an�n 'name ' ) . No un. palm tree. Classifier: boh . Name . ana mnga djam bei 9ung Cf. an�p ( PAN : qa(n)dep 'front ', phun mnga djam bei 9ung . No un. PC: ?anap 'in front of' ) . Classifier : &e . Cauliflower Noun. No grammatical classi­ plant . fi er . Front part . Adjective . ana mng�i Noun. Cl assifier : Next. &e. Kind of small tree bearing Cf . ti anap. edible white flowers . ana md8 No un. Classifier: &e . aneh Cf . neh , mnehl. No un. Kind of wild tree bearing edible Classifi er : �o . Aunt: one 's egg-shaped fruits . father 's younger brother 's wife , one's mother 's younger ana mdwa ih Cf. phun mdwaih. sister. No un. Classifier: &e . Kind of fern plant . anei ( PAN : ini 'this', PC: ana mtei No un. Classifier : &e . ?uni 'this ' ) . Cf. nei . Dem­ Banana plant . onstra ti ve . This. ana phe No un. Classifier: &e. Cf. ara anei . Coffee tree. Cf . nah anei. ana plang Noun. Classifier : &e . Kind of tree. anih No un. No gramma tical clas­ sifier. Direction, place, way. ana seleri No un. Classifier : Manner , way . &e . Celery plant . ana trong No un. Classifier: anok No un. Classifier: bft. &e . Eggplant plant . ana trong Place. drun No un. Classifier: &e . Tomato plant . anua Noun. Cl assifier: boh .· Bunch of thatch. Cf. k9i�ng ana. anua Cf. ua2• No un. Classifier : anak ( PAN : anak 'child', PC: boh , &e . Saw. ?ana:k 'child' ) . Noun. Clas­ sifier: �o . Daughter, son; anur Noun. Classifier: drei . nephew, niece: one's brother 's Mole (-animal ) . child. anak �9� No un. No gramma tical anung ( PC: anu :1) 'package ' ) . classifier. Rhade tribe. Noun. Classifier : boh or no classifier . Package . anak khua No un. Classifier: �o. Firstborn, oldest child. anhuih ( PAN: il)uS 'to blow one 's nose ', PC: nus 'to blow 8

nose' ) . Intransi tive verb . To angin ( PAN : a�in 'wind' . PC: blow one 's nose. ?a�Tn 'wind ' ) . Noun . No gram­ ma tical classifier . Air . bi anhuih Transitive verb . To Wind. make ( someone) blow his nose. angUrn Transitive verb . To carry afihu&r Transitive verb . To on one's head. stretch out ( one's legs ) . bi angum Transi tive verb . To bl anhuar Transitive verb . make ( someone) carry on his To stretch out ( one 's own or head . someone else's legs ) . angui Intransiti ve verb . To anue Noun. Classifier: blah. look up . Mat . bi ang�i Tra nsi tive verb . To anu ( PC: ?anu? 'bead ' ) . Noun. make look up . Classifier: aruat. Necklace . Classifi er: asar. Bead . ao ( PC : ?au 'clothes' ) . Noun. Classifier: blah. Shirt. ang Adjecti ve . Shaded. Bright Cf. chum ao. ( of moonlight ) . bl ang Transitive verb . To apal ( PC: sapa l 'arm' ) . Noun. shade . to shelter . Classifier: �e. Upper arm. Sleeve . Cf. nga ang . apieo Noun. Classifier: boh . angaih Transiti ve ve rb . To turn Basket. ( one 's head) to the side . bl angaih Transi tive verb . To aplang Cf. ana apl ang . make ( someone) turn his head to the side . ap&ng 1 Cf. pang . Noun. Clas­ sifier: boh. Bird cage . anghar 1 Noun . Classifi er : �e. chicken coop. Ember. glowing coal . ap&ng2 Cf. pong. Noun. Clas­ anghar2 Intransitive verb . To sifier: boh . Wheel . snore . aprong Noun . Classifier: ca . bi anghar Transi ti ve verb . To Aunt : one 's father's older make snore . brother's wife. one 's mother 's older sister; uncle: one's anghir Noun . No grammatical clas­ father's older brother . one 's sifier . Bad smell. stink ( es­ mother 's older sister 's husband ; pecially. a fishy smell) . great-aunt ; great-uncle . angiah Transitive verb . To butt aprong ekei Noun. Classifier : with one horn. To hit ( ball ) co . Great-uncle; uncle: one 's with the side of one's head in father 's older brother . one 's playing soccer. mother 's older sister 's husband . bl angiah Transitive verb . To aprong mn ie Noun. Classifier : make butt something . To make ca . Great-aunt; aunt : one's ( someone ) hit the ball with one father 's older brother's wife . side of his head in playing one's mother 's older sister. soccer . apui ( PAN: apuy 'fire'. PC: angi�r Transitive verb . To turn ?apui 'fire' ) . Cf. pu i . Noun. ( one's head) to the side . No gramma tical classifier. Fire . bl angler Transitive verb . To make ( someone ) turn his head to apuot ( PC: sapua? 'to harvest' ) . the side. Transitive verb . To harvest 9

(rice) by stripping the grains arup Int ransitive verb . To from the stalk. threaten . bi apuot Tr ansi tive verb . To bi aru'p Intransitive verb . harve st (rice) by stripping the To threaten (plural) . grains from the stalk (plural). aru'p aram Intransi tive verb . To threaten. ar Preverb . Can . may . bi aru'p aram Intransitive ara Noun . Classifier: drei verb . To threaten (plural). Goose. asah (PAN : ga (ii)saq 'to shar­ aram Intransitive verb . To pen' . PC: 7asah 'to sharpen'). threaten. Tra nsitive verb . To sharpen. bi aram Transitive verb . To bi asah Transitive verb . To threaten (plural ). sharpen (plural) .

C f. a r u'p a ram. asam Transitive verb . To cover ara with (blanket. cloth. etc.). ara ane i (PC: 7ura7 'now' ). bi asam Transitive verb . To (Grammatical class membership cover with (blanket . cloth . not yet analysed) . Now etc .) . aran Intransi tive verb . To hold asan Cf. ana asan . one's breath and tense one's chest muscles . To bear down or asap l (PAN : gasap 'smoke '. PC: strain in defecating or giving 7asap 'smoke'). Noun . No birth . gramma tical classifier. Smoke . bi aran Transitive verb . To asap2 (PC: sap 'language . voice' ). make (someone ) hold his breath Noun . No gramma tical classi­ and tense his chest muscles . fi er. Voice. To make bear down or strain in defecating or giving birth . asar Noun . No classifier . Seed. Classifier for small round arang (PAN : uRa� 'per son '. PC : objects . 7ura� ,' person. someone'). Noun. Classifier: co . One . someone. asar plam Noun . Classifier: boh . Testicle (of animal ). areh Noun. (PC: 7urah 'bedbug' ). asar pIe Noun . Classifier : Classifier : drei. Bedbug . asar. Testicle (of human ). arieng (PC: 7a ria� 'crab'). asao (PAN : asu 'do g'. PC: 7asau Noun. Classifier: drei. Crab . 'dog' ). Noun . Classifier : Classifier : boh . Female gen­ drei. Dog. itals (slang) . Cf. kdo as�o . ar6k Noun. Classifier: &e . Fallen rotten bamboo . aseh (PC: 7aseh 'horse'). Noun . Classifier: drei. Horse. aruat (PAN : uRat 'vein . artery' . PC: 7urat 'vein. tendon. nerve '). asei Noun . No gramma tical clas­ Noun. Classifier: bT t. Vein. sifier . Body . Classifier for stand-like ob- asei po Noun . No gramma ti - j ec ts . cal classifier. Oneself. arul Cf. ana arul. asei mlei Noun . No gramma tical cl assi fier. Body . arum Intransitive verb . To asei mlei ... po Noun . No threaten. gramma ti cal classifier. One­ bi aru'm Intransitive verb . self. To threaten (plural). 10

at Transitive verb . To brand . bi atuk Transitive verb . To cook (plural ). b i at Transi ti ve verb . To brand. atut Noun . Classifi er: boh . Bamboo node. Classifier: bft. atang Cf. ana atang. Knot in wood . Knot in string or cord. atam1 Transi ti ve verb . To thatch (roof) . bi atut In transi ti ve verb . To grow e new node , to grow a bi atam Transi tive verb . To new knot . thatch (roof) (plural). awa (PC: ?aua 'uncle' ). Noun . atam2 Transitive verb . To curse. Classifier: co. Aunt : one's bi atam Transitive verb . To mother 's older brother 's wife , curse (plural). uncle : one 's mother 's older brother . atam pa h Transi ti ve verb . To curse . awa ekei Noun . Classifier: co. Uncle: one 's mother 's bi atam pah Transitive verb . older brother. To curse (plural). awa mn ie No un . Classifier : atat Transi tive verb . To ac com­ co. Aunt: one's mother 's pany, to escort, to guide . older brother 's wife . bi atat Transitive verb . To awak (PC: ?aua:k 'spoon'). accompany, to escort, to guide Noun . Classifier: Be. Spoon. (plural) . awak boh Noun . Classifier: Be. atao (PC: ?atau 'corpse '). Noun . Ladle. Cl assifier: co. Corpse. awak r�ng Noun . Classifier : Be. Fork . ati.1 (PAN: atay 'liver' , PC: Noun . hata i 'liver' ). Cf. ti�. awan1 Noun . Classifier: Be. Cl assifier: boh. Liver . Int ernode section of bamboo . atie2 Noun . Classifier: . boh awan2 Noun . No gramma tical clas­ Plant pith. sifier . Height . ati.ng Noun . Classifier : aruat, Adjecti ve . Weak. Be. Shoot from bamb oo node . bi awat Transi tive verb . To bi ati�ng In transitive verb . make weak, to weaken. to grow a new node . Cf. ana ati�ng. ayang (Grammatical class member­ ship not yet analysed) . The ate Noun . Classifier: boh . Can , late. tin. ayeng Noun . Cl assifier: co. atdk Noun . Classifier: pok . Older brother, one 's child-in­ Bark, outer covering , shell . law's father (older), cousin: one 's mother 's sister 's son atudr Noun . Classifier: boh . (older) . one's father 's brother 's Toy top. son. ayong adel Noun . No gramma ti­ atur Cf. tur. Noun . No gramma ti­ cal cl assifier. Older and cal classifier. Underside of younger brothers and sisters floor in traditional house. (of male) . atuk (PC: satuk 'to cook'). Cf. di ayong. Transitive verb . To cook. Adjective . Cooked . ayuih In terjection . Ouch. 11

ayu ( PAN : iyup 'to blow' , PC: bah 1 In transitive verb . To give ?aiup 'to blow, to whistle ' ) . ( used in commands only ) . Transitive verb . To blow across ( musical instrument , as bah 2 Cf. ea bah. flute ) . bai ( PC: bai 'type of basket ' ) . bi ayu Transitive verb . To No un . Classifier: boh. Large blow across ( musical instrument , bag, purse . as flute ) ( plural ) . bang Transi ti ve verb . To shade . aytl Intransitive verb . To Adjective. Bright , light. threaten to hit. bi bang Transitive verb . To bi ay� In transitive verb . To shade , to make a shadow on. threaten to hit ( plural ) . baa Cf. abao1 • Noun. Classifier : a Noun . Classifier : boh . A let­ dre i . Kind of black water ter of the Rhade alphabet, a. snail . ak bar Cf. tar bar. ak ra k Expressi ve. Describes manner of dying mentioned in ba Transitive verb . To place curses. one 's hand on, to touch. al In transi ti ve verb . Angry . bi ba Transitive verb . To place one's hand on, to touch bi al Intransi tive verb. ( plural ) . Angry ( plural ) . bak Cf. mbak . Transi tive verb . am Transi tive verb . To roast on To put on , to wear around one 's or under hot coals . neck. bi am Transi tive verb . To bi bak Transi tive verb . To roast on or under hot coals put on , to wear around one's ( plural) . neck, to put on someone else 's neck. am am Expressi ve. Describes approaching rain. ban Adjective . Cut off ( of hand, foot, etc . ) . an Intransitive verb . To re­ strain oneself from eating, bang Cf. mbang . In transitive arguing, etc . verb . To rely (kd on) . bi an Transitive verb . To bi bang In transitive verb . make ( someone ) restrain him­ To rely (kd on) . self. Cf. lfan . bei Cf. ana djam be i Bung . Cf. djam bei sung . Cf. mnga djam bei aung . B Cf. phun djam be l sung. ba Transitive verb . To bring, be Particle indicating impera­ to give, to hand. tive . Particle indicating bi ba Transitive verb . To doubt . bring, to give , to hand ( plu­ ral ) . be ( PC : bube 'goat ' ) . Noun . Classifier: drei . Goat . ba elan Intransitive verb . To guide, to lead (kd someone ) . ben ba kai Intransitive verb . To ben buSn Adjective . Cowering. compensate. bhan ( PC: bha:n 'to sneeze ' ) . bi ba kai In transitive verb . Cf. abhan. In transitive verb . To compensate ( plural) . To sneeze . 12

bi bha� In transitive verb . To biat Adjective . Angry for a sneeze (plural). Transitive long time . Dangerous (of a verb . To make sneeze . place) . bhang Cf. yan bhang . bi biat In transitive verb . To be angry (hong with), to (hong bhang Expressive. Describes dislike some one ). manner of falling. Describes lightning striking. bier (PC: bia:r 'dwarf '). Adjective . Short in height . bh�� Adjective . Broken (of bi bi�r Transitive verb . To huske d rice). make short , to shorten . In ­ transi tive verb . bi bh�� Transi tive verb . To To become break , to break apart (sand , short . grain, etc.). bih Noun . No grammatical clas­ sifier, Name of � tribe living bhi Intransitive verb . To be . disarranged, to be messy . south of Banmethuot . b i bh i Trans i ti ve verb . To bip Noun . Classifier : drel . disarrange, to make me ssy. Duck. bhian Adjective . Customary , biut Noun . No grammatical clas­ usual . sifier . Cloud . bi bhian Transi tive verb . To bIn accustom , to make familiar. Cf. kb�i bfn. klei bhian Noun . Classifier : bIt Transi ti ve verb . To know mta . Regulation, law, custom . the location of. Classifier for places and areas . bhIr Cf . hbfr. Transiti ve verb . To hurl, to throw. bi bft Transitive verb . To give directions to, to guide . bi bhfr Transitive verb . To hurl, to throw (plural). Cf. wdr b rt. blah belaq bhIt Intransi ti ve verb . In ten­ (PAN : 'to split ', PC : blah 'flat object'). Cf. sive: bhft tft. To be covered with dense vegetation. kblah, mb lah . Transitive verb . To split . Classifi er for cloth, bl bhft Transitive verb . To clothing. make dense (vegetation). To make messy. bi blah (PC: blah 'to split '). Transitive verb . To chop, to bhung doh bhung. split (plural). To fight , to Cf. make war against (plural ). Cf. �dah bhung. blang 1 kb lang, mb lang . Cf. kc3 bhung. Cf . Adjecti ve . Open, unfolded (of Cf. mngac bhung . flower, leaf, etc.). Expanded (of rice grains in cooking) . bi1 (Grammatical class member­ In transi ti ve verb . To be open, ship not yet analysed). How to be unfolded (plural ). To about (as in 'How about that be expanded (plural) . book? '). bi blang Transitive verb . To bi2 md� bl . open, to unfold. To make ex­ Cf. pand . biiim Noun . Cl assifi er : boh . blang2 Bird's craw, crop. Goiter. blang blap Adjective . Unclear biap Noun . Cl assifier: drei . (of idea, meaning) . Sheep. bi blang blap Transitive verb . To make unclear . 1 3

blao Adjective. Constantly bi blu hrarn In transitive verb . afraid, cowardly , timid. To talk , to have a short con­ versation (plural). bi blao Transi tive verb . To make afraid, to frighten. Cf. aok blu. Cf. enai blu. bla Transi tive verb . To over- take , to pass. bluk bluk Expressive. Describes bi b I a Transi ti ve verb . To burning of large fire. Back­ overtake , to pass (plural) . and-forth (of person's move­ ment ) . boh l (PAN : buaq 'fruit ', PC : blei (PAN : bel i 'to buy' , PC: boh 'egg, fruit, ball'). Cf. blai 'to buy'). Transitive mboh . Noun . Classifier : asar, verb . To buy . boh . Fruit . Egg . Round ob­ Ject. Clas sifier for round bi blei Transi ti ve verb . To ob Jects. buy (plural ). boh Qung Noun . Classifier : blitl Cf. rnbli�. In transiti ve boh . Coconut fruit. Cf. ana ve rb . To turn against, to turn boh aung. Noun . No classifier. over. boh erne No un . Classifier: Instance , time (as in 'how asar. Tamarind fruit. many time s? '). Classifier . boh ernh ia Noun . Classifier: bi bl i� Transitive verb . To boh . Star fruit. turn over. boh erang Noun . Classifier : bllt (PC: bili? 'to twist'). asar. Lychee fruit . Transi tive verb . To twist, as boh giet Noun . Classifier: in string making. boh . Gourd , squash fruit. Cf . bi blf t Transi tive verb . To hrue boh gih. twist, as in string making boh k�n No un . Classifier: boh. (plural ) . Kind of fruit. Round bone on inside of ankle . Cf. ana boh bluat Cf. �ang bluat. k�n . blui Adjective. Boiling over . boh kroh Noun . No gramma tical classifier. Fruit (generic ). bi blui Transitive verb . To make boil over . boh krue (PC: kruaP 'a citrus'). Noun . Classifier: bluk bluk (PC: blak no recon­ boh . Orange fruit. structed gloss). Expressive. boh krue c�n Noun . Classifier : Describes turbulent water in asar, boh . Lemon fruit. Cf. stream rapids . ana boh krue c�n. blu Cf. rnblu. Intransitive boh krue dung Noun . Cl assi­ verb . To speak (kd about , hong fi er: boh . Kind of large citrus to , with). Transitive verb . fruit, pomelo . Cf. ana boh To say (something) (kd about , krue dung. hong to). boh rnnu Noun . Classifier: boh . bi blu Transitive verb . To Egg. Cf . ala boh rnnu. speak (kd about , hong to, with) boh mok Noun . Classifier: boh. (plural). To make say some­ Testicle . thing , to make speak . boh rnd8 Noun . Classifier : boh. blu bi hrn� In transitive verb . Kind of fruit. Adam 's apple. To say one thing but insinuate something else. boh phao Noun . Cl assifier: asar . Ammunition, bullet, blu hrarn Intransi ti ve ve rb . shot. To talk, to have a short con­ versation. 14

boh pia No un. Classifier: boh . Classifier: asar. Husked Word. rice . boh plei No un. Cl assifi e r: boh . bram Cf. kbram. Adjective . Pumpkin fruit. Bruised. Sore (of throat ). boh pIe Noun. Classifier: asar, Intransitive verb . To be boh . Testicle. bruised in many places . boh t�o (PAN : batu 'stone' , bi bram Transitive verb . To PC : patau 'stone'). Noun. Clas­ bruise. sifier: boh. Rock, stone . brei (PAN : beRay 'to give' , PC : boh tei hung h5q (PC: 'papaya '). brai 'to give'). Transitive No un. Classifier: boh. Papaya verb . To give . Preverb . To fruit . Cf. ana boh tei hung. do for . boh tih bitis (PAN : 'calf of bi bre i Transitive verb . To leg', PC: patih 'calf of leg' ). give (plural). Noun. Classifier: boh . Calf of leg. br�c Cf. emong br&c. Cf. awak boh . broh1 Cf. kbroh . Intransitive t ac e ling b 0 h C f. . verb . To shoot out (of food Cf. war boh . being cooked in bamb oo tube). 2 bi broh Transitive verb . To boh (PC: boh 'to launder '). make shoot out . Transitive verb . To wash. bi boh Tra nsi tive verb . To broh2 wash (plural) . broh 40k Adjecti ve . Hoarse. bi broh 40k Transitive verb . ba (PC: bo 'empty'). Cf. mbo. to ma ke hoarse. Adjective . Full. bi bo Transitive verb . To add, bra bra Expressive . Describes to fill with. one's staying a long time and forgetting the time . bak (PC: bok 'to swell' ). Cf . buk. Adjective . Swollen . bra Particle. It is opportune Intransitive verb . To be swol­ It is lucky .... len in many places. bru bru Cf. &ra &ra . Expressive . bi bok Transi tive verb . To Describes abundance, many . cause to swell . brua bru�? bong (PC: 'work'). Cf. Cf. un bong . mbrua. Noun. Classifier: mta. bi bong Transitive verb . To Goal, objective. Subject, castrate (pig) and ther�by make topic . Job , position, work . fat . brua knua No un. Classifi er: mta . Goal , objec tive . Sub­ bong (PC: bo:q 'coffi n' ). Noun. ject, topic . Job , position , Classifier: boh . Coffin. work . bd Noun. Classifier: boh . A brung (PC: bru :q 'streaked, letter of the Rhade alphabet, colourful '). Adjective . b. Colourful , multicoloured. bi brung Tra nsi tive verb . To make colourful, to make multi­ bd Particle. Let (as in 'Let coloured . us . .. '). Bit drei mnam ea lak. 'Let's drink wine.' bruais No un. Classifier: &e . Brush. braih (PAN: beRas 'husked rice ', PC : bra:s 'husked rice'). Noun. (PAN : buRuk 'rotten', PC: 15

brGk 'rotten' ). Adjective . buom Intensive : bru hia. Rotten, buSm ydi Noun . Classi fier: spoiled. bTt. Mumps . bi b u Transitive verb . r To buon In traAsitive verb . To lie make rot , to make spoil. down (of animal , of soldier taking cover ). bru2 Noun . Classifier: &e . Mus ical instrument made from bi buSn Transi ti ve verb . To bamb oo and squash. make lie down . In transi ti ve verb . To lie down (plural ). brdh Cf. mbr�h. Intransitive Cf. ben buSn . verb . To force oneself. bi br�h Tr ansitive verb . To buot Cf. 4Tng buSt . force . bur (PC: bu:r 'soup' ). Noun . bu� No un . Cl assifier: aruat, No grammatical classifier. asar, boh . Earring. Rice porridge . buh I (PC: buh 'to wear'). Trans ­ bu (Grammatical class member­ itive verb . To put on, to ship not yet analysed) . Term wear around one's arm or leg. of endearment for young girl . bi buh Transiti ve verb . To bul Noun . Classifier : k l a . put on, to wear around one's Spool. Classifier for thread . arm or leg, to put on someone Transitive verb . To wind. else's arm or leg. bi bul Transi tive verb . To buh 2 Transi ti ve ve rb . To plant wind (plural). (rice). bung (PC: bU8 'large basket '). bi buh Transitive verb . To No un . Classifier: boh. Basket . plant (rice) (plural). Cf. tar bung . bui� (PC: bu:c 'to scratch, to Cf . tdr . bung. uproot '). Transi tive verb . To pull out of the ground, to bd Cf. ab�. No un . Classifier: uproot . To extract, to pull drei. Kind of fish. out (tooth) . bi buT� Transi ti ve verb . To bdng Noun . Classifier : boh . pull out of the ground, to up­ Bowl or plate made from squash root (plural). To extract, to or gourd. pull out (tooth) (plural). btl Transitive verb . To dam. buk Cf. bok . Adjecti ve . Swol­ To build a fence around. len. Blistered. Intransitive bi b i/ Transi ti ve verb . To ve rb . To be swollen in many dam (plural ). To build a fence places . To be blistered in around (pI ural ) . many places. bi/mni/ Intransi ti ve verb . To bi b uk Transi ti ve verb . To build a fence. Trans itive cause a blister on, to make verb . To build a fence around. swell . bi bi/ mnil Transi tive verb . buk buk Expressive . Describes To build a fence around (plu­ foaming or boiling of liquids . ral ) . bi/ ea Intransitive verb . To bum (PC: bu:m 'blind' ). Adjec­ build a dam . tive. Blind. bi bi/ea In transitive verb . bi b um Transi ti ve verb . To To build a dam (plural) . blind . 16

8 Cf. ana djam eao. Cf . djam eao . Bah (pc: ?bah 'chipped' ). In­ transitive verb . To be chipp�d . 8e Cf. go ee . bi eah Transiti ve verb . To chip. 8e (PC: ?be? 'cylindrical ob­ jec t'). Classifier for cyl­ eah keue Intransitive verb . indrical ob jects. Hare-lipped. 8�� Transitive verb . To cock sai Cf. nga ea i. (crossbow, gun) . To set (trap) . sal Adjecti ve . Cut diagonally . bi e�� Transi tive verb . To bi ea l Transitive verb . To cock (crossbow, gun ) (plural ). cut diagonally . To set (trap) (plural ). san Cf. adan ean. s�n No un . Classifi er : klo. Sugar . sar (PC: ?ba:r no reconstructed gloss). Transitive verb . To e�n hra Noun . Classifier: put on, to wear (garment cover� asar. Sugar . ing groin, loincloth, skirt). e�n kpung Noun . Classifier : bi ear Transitive verb . To ee , klo. Bread. put on (garment covering groin, e�n mi Noun . Classifier: ee , loinc loth, skirt) (kef someone). klo. Bread . sang (PAN: l e ( m ) b e l) 'pit, grave ', shii Cf. eang eha. PC: ?bal) 'hole'). Noun . Clas­ sifier: boh . Hole . Cf. eang eha 4iet. bi eang Transitive verb . To Cf. eang eha prong. bore a hole in. sha sha Adjective. Very many . eang bluat No un . No gramma tical classifier. Loop. shiet Cf. mehiet. Transiti ve eang eha Noun . Cl assifier: boh . verb . To look for , to search Door, window. for (rare object) . eang eha 4�et No un . Classifier: bi ehiet Transitive verb . To boh . Window. look for , to search for (rare object) . eang eha prong Noun . Classi­ fi er: boh . Door. shit eang jang Noun . Classifier : ehlt ala Cf. mehrt ala. In­ boh. Gate . transitive verb . To wink . bi ehrt ala Transitive verb . sat Adjective. Salty . To make wink . bi eat Transitive verb . To make salty, to salt . shit shit Adjective . Quiet, serious , sullen. sao (PAN : bau 'smell, stink' , bi ehlt ehrt Transitive verb . PC: ?bau 'to have odour' ). To make quiet, to make serious, Transiti ve verb . To smell. to make sullen. Adjective . Smelling . bi eao Transitive verb . To shur Transitive verb . To blow , make smell something. to blow out . eao mng�1 Adjective . Deli­ bi ehur Transi ti ve verb . To cious , fragrant . blow, to blow out (plural). bi eao mng�1 Transi tive verb . shuk Cf. hjan ehuk . To make delicious , to make fragrant . 17

shun Cf. tlao &hun . slieng Adjecti ve . Blind in one eye . Cross-eyed. Sial (pc: ?bia? Ad­ 'little'). bi 91 ieng Transi ti ve verb . jective . Pl ural : &d&ia. Few, a few , little , a little. To blind. bi &ia Transitive verb . To slirl Cf. m91 ir. Transitive decrease, to make less . In ­ verb . To attach with glue , to transitive verb . To decrease, stick (something) on . To seal to make less. (envelope). To plug (leak) . &ia &ia Adjective . A little , b i & 1 i r Trans i ti ve ve rb . To somewhat . attach with glue , to stick (something) on. To seal (en­ sia2 velope). To plug (leak) . &ia dah Conjunction . But . slir2 Cf. 91�c 91 ir. sin Cf. &un &in. slir slir Expressive . Describes sip Adjective . Dented. flashing of lightning. bi &ip Transitive verb . To slIt Cf. m&l ft. Adjective . dent . In tensive: 91ft kdft. Sticky . In transitive verb . To adhere , sIng Noun . Classifier: co . to stick . Friend. bi 91ft Transitive verb . To slang Cf . ana &lang . stick (something) (ti onto). Cf. ana hbe i &1 ang . Cf. ea 91 ft. &li'lng. Cf. hbe i sloh Noun . Cl assifier: drei . Mosquito . Transitive verb . slar Cf. &1&c &lar. To suck . sla Noun . Cl assifier: d re i . Kind bi 910h Transitive verb . To of land snail. suck (plural) . sle Cf. m&le. Intransitive verb . slu Adjective . Brown. To come out, to emerge . bi 91u Transi tive verb . To b i & 1 e Transi ti ve verb . To make brown . make come out, to make emerge . slung Noun . Classifier: bft, sl�cl Transiti ve verb . To re­ boh . Hole. move , to take out . To cas- bi &lung Transitive verb . To trate . bore a hole in. b i &1 &c Transitive verb . To 91ung ea Noun . Classifier: boh . make remove something, to make Well . take something out . To cas­ trate (plural ). Cf. ea 91ung . sl�c 2 Transitive verb . To but­ soh Cf. k90h . Transitive verb . ton (a button) . To bore a hole in with a pointed object. bi &1&c Transi tive verb . To make (someone) button up . bi &oh Transitive verb . To bore a hole in with a point ed sl�c3 object (plural) . &1&c &lar Cf. &1&c &l ir. Ad­ jective . Cheating, disobedient , s8 Adjective . In love (kd with) . stubborn . bi 90 Adjective . In love (kd 91&c 91 ir Cf. &1�c &lar. Ad­ with) (plural) . jective . Cheating, disobedient, stubborn. 18

(pc : ?bo:? 'face'). Noun . sroe Adjecti ve . Leaking. Classifier: boh . Face. Front Spilled. part . bi �r8c Transitive verb . To s8 mta (PAN : mata 'eye', PC: spill . ma ta 'eye'). Noun . Classifier: boh . Face . sruih Noun . Classifier: aruat . Dust . Adjecti ve . Dusty. sd Noun . Classifier: boh . A letter of the Rhade alphabet, bi �ruih Transi ti ve verb . To �. make dusty . srtlih Cf. m&r�i h. In transitive sdng 1 Cf. mSdng1 (PC: ?bal) 'to verb . To force oneself. eat'). Intransitive verb . To eat . Transitive verb . To eat . bi �r�i h Transitive verb . To force. bi �dng Transitive verb . To feed (something ) (kd to) . suah In transitive verb . To Cf. hua sdng. accuse (kd someone) with cer­ tainty . sdng2 Cf. mSdng 2• Adjective . bi �uah In transitive verb . Sharp. Transitive verb . To To accuse (kd someone) with cut (of axe , knife, etc.). certainty (plural).' bi sdn g Transitive verb . To sharpen . suan Transi tive verb . To prom­ ise. sdng 3 In transitive verb . To win. b i &uan Transitive verb . To Transitive verb . To win promise (stakes ). (plural ) . sue Noun . Classi fi er : c8 . sra sra Adjective . Mid- Cf. bru bru. wife . Very many . suh (PC: ?buh 'to see' ). In ­ sram (PC: ?brOm 'arrow' ). Noun . transitive verb . To see. Classifi er : aruit, si. Arrow. Transi ti ve verb . To see. sre sre Expressive. Describes bi �uh Transitive verb . To manner of speaking hoarsely. show. To dream about, to im­ agine , to see in one's mind. sri Cf. s r8 . Adjective . In­ tensive: sri moh o On time , suk suk Expressive . Describes punctual . pulsat ing, throbbing pain . bi sri Tr ansi tive verb . To sun Adjective . In tensive : sun make (someone ) be on time , to &in. Poor. make (someone) be punctual . bi sun Transitive verb . To srong Noun . Classifi er : �i . make poor. Branches and leaves of plant (as opposed to phun) . suon Noun . Cl assifier : boh . Village . srong srong Adjective . Very many . silk (PAN : buuk 'hair ', PC: ?bu:k 'hair'). Cf. k�uk . Noun . sro Cf. �ri . Adjecti ve . In­ Classifier: aruat . Hair. tensive: sr8 mdh . On time , punctual . sUng Cf. go sung. bl �r8 Transitive verb . To stli Noun . Cl assifier: �i . Bird make (someone ) be on time, to trap . make (someone) be punctual . 19

9� Transitive verb . To bend . Cap2 (PC: cap 'to tie, bundle '). Transitive verb . To tie. bi s� Transi tive verb . To bend (plural) . car Transi tive verb . To split .

cat Adjective. Growing, grown . bi cat Transitive verb . To make grow . cah Transitive verb . To kick cang Cat . gently aside . Cf. Cf. &tak cat. bi cah Transitive verb . To kick gently aside (plural) . ce (PC: tice? 'great-grandchild­ ren' ). Noun . Classifier: eo . cai No un . Cl assi fier: kla. Resin. Great-grandchild, one's great­ No grammatical classifier . grandchild 's husband, one's Glass . great-grandchild's wife . cam Noun . Classifier: co . Mem­ ee l Noun . No grammatical clas­ ber of the Cham tribe. sifier . Tea. VA can Transi ti ve verb . To borrow Cf. ana ce o (valuable object) (mdng from) . Cf. &a c& . bi can Transi ti ve verb . To borrow (valuable object) (mdng ce2 Adjective . Choosy, parti­ from) (plural) . cular (kd about ). bl c& Adjective . Choosy, cang (PC: ca� 'to await '). particular (kd about ) (plural ). Transi ti ve verb . To wait a long time for . To attend the c� c� Adjective . Talkative . funeral wake of. Expressive. Describes manner bi cang Transitive verb . To of talking freely and profusely . wait a long time for (plural ). To attend the funeral wake of c�c Transitive verb . To mix. (plural) . bi c&c Transitive verb . To mix (plural). cao Transitive verb . To bore a _ hole in with a pointed object. cJii Cf. ana boh krue cenv)( . bi cao Transi ti ve verb . To Cf. ana krue c&n. bore a hole in with a pointed object (plural). Cf. boh krue c&n . cap cap Expressive. Describes chac Cf. &mhae chaco manner of a duck's quacking . cha1 Cf. chal . Transitive verb . car Noun . Classifier: boh . To accuse, to blame (someone ) Country , homeland. (kd of). bi chal Transi tive verb . To cam Cf. keam . Trans itive verb . accuse, to blame (someone ) {kd to hit. of) (plural) . bl eam Transitive verb . To hit (plural) . chao Transitive verb . To brush. bi chao Transitive verb . To Cap l Adjecti ve . Too low , below brush (plural) . target (of bullet , arrow, or something thrown). Cf. gi& chao &gei . bi Cap Transiti ve verb . To Cf. ksu chao �gei . shoot low, to throw low. 20

chap chap Expressi ve . Describes bi chIp Transitive verb . To manner of a chicken's clucking , send (dog) after game . of a duck 's quacking. chip2 Expressive. Describes char I Noun . Cl assi fier: boh . manner of moving quickly or Kind of big tambourine . suddenly . char2 (PC: cha:r 'gong'). Noun . chir Cf. chdr , char. Expres­ Classifier: boh . Gong. si ve. Describes manner of shooting quickly through the chal Cf. chal . Transi tive verb . air. To accuse, to blame (someone) (kd of) . cho Cf. mcho. Adjective . In­ tensive: cho mro. Dirty . bi chal Transitive verb . To accuse, to blame (someone (kd bi cho Transitive verb . To of) (plural) . make dirty. char Cf. chTr, chdr . Expressive. chop Expressive. Describes Describes manner of shooting manner of a fish's jumping or quickly through the air. snapping at bait . chat Transi ti ve verb . To cut ch6ng Noun . Classi fier: bit. into pieces. Muddy wallowing place . bi chat Transitive verb . To char Cf. c h l r , char. Expres­ cut into pieces (plural). sive. Describes manner of shooting quickly through the ch�c Expressive. Describes very air. soft noise. chuang Cf. mC huang . In trans­ chiaro Noun . Classifi er : blah. itive verb . To step. Cloth. Towel . bi chuang Transitive verb . ch iam djh�k Noun . Classifier: To help step , to help walk . blah. Headscarf. chul Cf. mC h ul . In transitive chien Noun . Classifier: boh . verb . To joke (hong with). Small bowl . bi chul In transitive verb . ch i&n mngan Noun . No gramma ti­ To joke (hong with). cal classifier. Dishes . chum chu:m chit (PC: 'pants, clothes '). Noun . Classifier: blah . Pants, cdchit Expressi ve . Describes trousers . manner of continuous flowing or pouring. chum ao Noun . No grammatical classifier. Clothes . ch it ch it Expressive. Des­ cribes manner of sporadic chup chup Expressive. Describes flowing or pouring. manner of a pig's eating. chi Transitive verb . To sell . chu Cf . mChu . Intransitive bi chT Transi ti ve verb . To verb . To be interchanged, to sell (plural). get mixe d up . bi chu Expressive. Describes chin manner of placing a post or chIn dah Conjunction . Maybe, stake in the ground. probably. chtlc In transi ti ve verb . To chipl Cf. mchlp. Transitive talk happily . verb . To send (dog) after game . bi ch�c In transi tive verb . To talk happily. 21

�hun Intransitive verb . To en­ �ing Noun . Classifier: boh . joy another 's company , to vi sit. Tambourine. bi ch�n In transitive verb . To �ip Cf. kCi p. Transi ti ve verb . enjoy another's company , to To husk (rice), to shell (nut , visit (plural) . seed, etc.). Cf. hiu ch�n . bi eip Transitive verb . To husk (rice), to shell (nut , �hun In transitive verb . To talk happily. seed, etc.) (plural). bi ch�n In transitive verb . To cir Cf. ke ir. Transi ti ve verb . talk happily . To bore a hole in (skin of fruit) with one 's fingernail �hUP �hUP Expressi ve . Describes in preparation for peeling. manner of walking up stairs or bi cir Transitive verb . To mountain with steady paces . bore a hole in (skin of fruit) with one 's fingernail in prep­ chur Cf. mch�r . Adjective . Too aration for peeling. high, above the target (of bullet, arrow, or something cik Cf. mClk. Transitive verb . thrown) . To fight . bi ch�r Transiti ve verb . To bi erk Intransitive verb . To shoot high, to throw high . fight (plural). Transitive verb . To pare , cia �im (PC: clm 'bird' ). Noun . to peel with a knife . Classifier: drel . Bird. bi cii Transiti ve verb . To Classifier: kl0, pok . Meat . pare , to peel with a knife elm hrai No un . Classifier: (plural). drei . Sparrow . ciang (PC: kh i�D 'to desire, to elm jh�ng (pc: jhU�D (1) marry' ). In transi ti ve verb . 'long-legged' ). Noun . Clas­ To desire, to like , to want. sifier: drei . Kind of large white long-legged bird. bi Ci ing In transitive verb . To desire, to like , to want clm j8ng Noun . Classifier: (plural). drel. Maya bird . mhao ciing . Cf. �oh (PC: coh 'to dig' ). Cf. Cf . pi t ciing . meoh . Transiti ve verb . To cut off (plant) with a hoe. �iem (pc: ciam 'to feed'). Cf. To peck, to strike (of bird, mc iem. Transitive verb . To snake , etc.). (k� feed animal, person) . bi eoh Transitive verb . To bi ciem Transiti ve verb . To cut off (plant ) with a hoe feed (k� animal , person). (plural) . To peck, to strike (of bird, snake , etc.) (plural) . �ieng (PC: claD 'to carry on To make peck, to make strike side'). Transitive verb . To (bird, snake, etc.). carry on on e's side. CO In transi tive verb . To lie bi cieng Transitive verb . To down (of quadrup eds except carry on one's side . elephants) . �ih (PC: cih 'to write , to draw' ). b i co Transi ti ve ve rb . To Intransi tive verb . To write . make lie down (quadrupeds ex­ Transitive verb . To write . cept elephants ). bi cih Transiti ve verb . To cok (PC: cok 'to cry'). In ­ write (plural). tra nsiti ve verb . To wail over death (k� of ) . 22

bi cok In trans itive verb . To cru Noun . Classifi er : co . Mem­ wail over death (kd of) ( plural ) . ber of the Chru tribe . Intransitive verb . To make ( someone ) wail over death (kd cuah (PC: euah 'sand' ) . Noun . of) . Classifier: aruat, asar. Sand. cong cua Noun . No grammatical clas­ cong nga In transitive verb . sifier . Used rice mash for To pretend. wine . cong mao Adjective . Natural, Transitive verb . To tie. not manmade . cual b i cual Transitive verb . To cong jin g Adjective . Natural , tie. not manmade . cong cat Adjective . Growing cue Cf. acue2 • Noun . Classifier : naturally, not planted, volun­ bTt. Thicket of ale bamboo . teer ( of plant ) . euh (PC: euh 'to burn ( intrans­ CO l (PC: tieo 'grandchildren ' ) . itive ) ' ) . Transitive verb . Noun . Classifier: co . Grand­ To burn, to light , to set fire child, one's grandchild's hus­ to . To singe . band, one's grandchild's wife . bi cuh Transi tive verb . To Classifier for human beings . burn, to light , to set fire to ( plural ) . To singe ( plural ) . C02 Transitive verb . To wash ( hair, or in Rhade , ko 'head' ) . cuh pui Transitive verb . To light, to set fire to. b i co Trans i ti ve verb . To ( ) . make someone wash his hair cuih Transitive verb . To tem­ To wash ( someone else's hair ) . per ( metal) . COn Adjective . Intensive: con bi cuih Transitive verb . To emon. Angry , disagreeing , un­ temper ( metal ) ( plural ) . happy . cuk Transitive verb . To clear bi con Adjective. Angry , dis­ ( land) , to dig, to excavate . agreeing, unhappy ( plural ) . To level ( land) . To root in ( of pig, etc . ) . cong Transi tive verb . To hollow out ( log for canoe) . bi cuk Transi tive verb . To use ( tractor ) to clear or level bi long Transitive verb . To land or to dig or to excavate . hollow out ( log for canoe ) To make ( pig) root . ( plural ) . cung Cf. mcung. Transitive verb . c� In transitive verb . To begin , To guide , to support ( child to start . learning to walk) . b i ell Transi ti ve verb . To bi cung Transitive verb . To begin, to start. To make begin, guide, to support ( child learn­ to make start . ing to walk) . Cdl Noun . Classifier: boh . A cur Transi ti ve verb . To sharpen letter of the Rhade alphabet, e. to a point. Cd2 Cf. mnie cd. bi cur Transitive verb . To sharpen to a point ( plural) . Cf. sang Cd. cut Noun . Classifier: bit. cdcIr Expressive. Describes Smallpox . manner of a plant 's healthy growing. cUk Transitive verb . To lap up . 23

bi euk Transitive verb . To dai 1 In transi tive verb . To lap up ( plural ) . swing. Transitive verb . To swing . cUm (PAN : ciyum 'to smell, to pc: cum bi dai Transitive verb . To sniff, nose kiss ', 'to swing ( plural ) . kiss ' ) . Cf. meum. Transi tive verb . To kiss. Cf. dung da i. bi cum Transitive verb . To dai 2 Intransitive verb . ( ) To turn kiss plural . To make kiss left , right, etc . someone . b i da i Transi ti ve verb . To cun 1 Cf. kcun2• Noun. No clas­ make turn . sifier. Direction , place, way . dam Cf. edam. Adjective . klah eun . Cf. Young ( Of body ) . Noun . Clas­ sifier: co . Young boy . cUng Transitive verb . To con­ tribute to a common cause, to bi dam Transitive verb . To chip in . dress ( a male) well in order that he look handsome and bi cung Transitive verb . To young. contribute to a common cause, to chip in . dan dan Expressive . Describes manner of an action's diffi­ cur ( PC: cu:r 'lime ' ) . Noun. culty . No grammati cal classifier . Lime for betel chew . dap Adjective . Flat , level ( of land, sand, etc . ) . cut ( PC : cut 'to dress' ) . Trans­ itive ve rb . To penetrate, to bi dap Transi tive verb . To pierce. To insert, to plug . flatten, to level ( land, sand, To put on, to wear ( pants, ring, etc . ) . shoe) . dar ( PC : da:r 'to encircle ' ) . bi cut Transitive verb . To mdar. Adjective . ( ) Cf . Spinning. penetrate , to pierce plural . In transitive verb . To go To insert, to plug ( plural ) . around, to spin. To put on, to wear ( pants, ring, shoe) ( plural ) . bi dar Transitive verb . To spin. Cf. k4i eng cut ko'ra h. Cf. jum dar. Ctlng Transitive verb . To kick. Cf. kong dar. bi e�ng Transitive verb . To kick ( plural) . . dal Adjecti ve . Clogged, stopped up. Cf. tac c�ng boh . bl dal Transitive verb . To ca ( PC : ca? 'mountain range ' ) . clog, to stop up . Noun . Classifi er: boh . Moun­ tain. dam dam de i Cf. adam adei . Noun. Classifier : co. Older and younger brothers and sisters D ( of female ) . dam knai Cf. adam knal . Noun . dah ( dah ) PC : 'a particle' . Classifi er: co . Friend. Cf . amao dah. dap Transitive verb . To ar range Cf. chfn dah. in order, to place in line . Cf. ko'yua dah. In transitive verb . To form a line, to line up . Cf . mdng dah. Cf. to' dah. 24

bi dap Transitive verb . To dl ih Pronoun . You (plural). arrange in order, to plac e in di fiu Pronoun . They . line . To make form a line, to make line up . dian Noun . Classifier: ee . Candle . dei Cf. dam de l. die Cf. Se die. dhan (PAN : (dD)aqan 'branch, dha:n twig' , PC: 'bough'). dier In transi ti ve verb . To go Cf. adhan. Noun . Cl assifier: around . aruat, ee. Branch, twig. bi dier Transi tive verb . To bi dhan Adjecti ve . Having move (something) around some­ many branches. thing else. (dD)aqay dhei (PAN : 'forehead' ). dih (PC: dih 'there'). Cf. Cf. adhei . Noun . Classifi er: ad ih. Demonstrative . That bah. Forehead . (far from speaker and hearer). dhiar Noun . Classifier: boh . Cf. aguah dih. Propellor. Electric fan . Cf. hlam dih. Cf. mg i guah dih. Cf. ti dih. dh6ng (PC: dh5Q 'knife'). Noun. Classifier: ee . Knife . dIan Cf. dleh dian. dh5ng kUp Noun . Classifier: ee . Kind of long knife having dlao Tr ansitive verb . To in- a small handle . sult, to offend. dh5ng kut Noun . Clas sifier: bi d lao Transi ti ve verb . To ee. Kind of short knife . insult, to offend (plural). dlaa wac (PC: ua :c no recon­ kdhong. Transitive dh6ng Cf. structed gloss). Transi ti ve verb . To clean, to wipe . verb . to insult, to offend. Trans i ti ve verb . bi dhong. bi dlao wac Transitive verb . To clean, to wipe (plural). To insult, to offend (plural). Cf. adhul . Noun . No gram­ dhul1 dlang Transitive verb . To look ma tical classifier. Fog. at , to observe , to watch. To read. dhul2 Cf. hdjul dhul . bi dla ng Transitive verb . To dhun Cf. eun dhun. make look at , to make observe , to make watch, to show. To dhung Noun . No grammatical make read. To look at , to classifier. East . ob s erve , to watch (plural). To read (plural). dhut Cf. aut dhut. dleh (PC: dleh 'tired' ). Adjec­ di (Grammatical class membership ti ve . In tensive: dleh dian. not yet analysed) . A word which Difficult, hard. occurs preceding personal pro­ bi dleh Transitive verb . To nouns and some kinship terms cause difficulties in, to make which have a plural referent. difficulties for . di adel Noun . No gramma ti cal classifier. Younger brothers dlie (PC: glai 'savage'). Noun . and/or sisters . No grammatical classifier. Forest, Jungle . di ay5ng Noun . No grammatical classifier. Older brothers . Cf. hlu dl ie. 25

Cf. un dli&. bi dong Tra nsitive verb . To protect (plural ). Cf. yal dli&. dong2 Transitive verb . To pacify dlln Cf. dlong dlr n. (arguing or fighting persons). dlo (PC: g10 'brain'). Noun . bi dong Transitive verb . To Cl assi fier: boh. Brain. pacify (arguing or fighting persons) (plural). dlong 1 (PC: d 10: I) 'hi gh ' ) . Adjecti ve . In tensive: dlong do Cf. do do. dlTn. Pl ural : dddleSng . Long, Cf. phun deS. tall . bi dleSng Transi ti ve verb . To d&k (PAN : DukDuk 'to sit', PC: extend, to lengthen , to make do :k 'to dwell, to remain'). long. Intransitive verb . To sit (ti on) . To remain, to stay . C f. yin d Ion9 j an 9 . Pre verb . To be ... -ing, pro­ gressive aspect. dlong 2 Noun . No grammatical classifier . Upper part, top . bi dok Transitive verb . To make sit down , to set down. Cr. ti dlong. To marry (plural) . To approve of the marriage of. To make dlUhl Cf. mdl �h. In transitive marry . verb . To be sprung, to be tripped (of trap , gun , etc.). dok gu tlal In transiti ve verb . To sit down . bi d l11h Transi ti ve verb . To spring, to trip (trap , gun , dok pl r In transi ti ve verb . To etc.). sit motionless, to sit still. Cf. at dok . dldh2 Cf. Kdl11h, mdl�h2. In­ transitive verb . To collapse, Cf. sun dlik . to fall down (of building, cave , table , wall, etc.). dd Noun . Classifier : boh . A letter of the Rhade alphabet, bi dl11h Transi tive verb . To d. make collapse, to make fall down (building, cave , table , ddr (PC: dor 'to bury'). Trans­ wall, etc.). itive verb . To bury . To fill in (hole). doh Adjecti ve. In tensive. doh bhung. Clean . bi ddr Transitive verb . To bury (plural) . To fill in bi doh Transitive verb . To (hole) (plural). clean. klei ddr No un . No classifier. do Noun . Cl assifier: depends on Burial , funeral , interment . what is being referred to . Object, thing. ddng (PC: dal) 'to stop, to stand'). Cf. mdangl. Adjec­ do do Noun . No gramma ti cal ti ve . Steep, upright , verti­ classifier. Objects, things . cal . In transitive verb . To do krr No un . No gramma tical stand up . classifier. Much inherited bi ddng Transitive verb . To money, much inherited property . make stand up . To make steep, do ngan Noun . Classifi er : to stand upright , to make depends on what is being re­ vertical . ferred to. Objects, things . ddng mang Preposi tion. Be­ Cf. ya nang do. ginning, from, out of, since, starting . dong l Transi tive verb . To pro­ tect. dra Cf. gi& dra. 26

drao (pc: jrau 'medicine'). Cf. drue Cf. mdrue. Transi ti ve mdrao. Noun . Classifier : boh , verb . To fuck (of animal). ae. Kind of plant used in bi d r ue Transitive verb . To medicine. fuck (of animal ) (plural). To Cf. ae ea drao. breed, to make fuck, to mate (animals ). Cf. ana hat drao. Cf. ea drao. drun Cf. ana trong drun. Cf. hat drao. Cf. trong drun. Cf. sang ea drao . drung Cf. mdrung. In trans itive verb . To climb (of vine). dra (PC: dr�? 'hands on hips'). Transitive verb . To prop, to bi drung Transitive verb . To support. train (vine) to gvov in a cer­ tain position. To lay out bi dra Transitive verb . To (rope , string, etc .) in a cer­ prop, to support (plural ). To tain position. use (something) to prop (ti some thing) , to use (something) (PC: druam 'to fell'). (ti druom to support something ). Transi ti ve verb . To cut dovn , to fell . drei (PC: drai 'body, self' ). Pronoun . We (inclusive ). drut Transitive verb . To dip. Classifier for animals . bi drut Transi tive ve rb . To dri�o (PC: drlau 'to acclaim'). make (someone ) dip something. In transitive verb . To shout , to yell. du Cf. ae du. bi drieo In transi ti ve verb . dua (PAN : Duwa 'tvo', PC: dua To shout , to yell (plural ). 'tvo'). Cf. mdua. Numeral . To make shout , to make yell . Tvo . Cf. ur drieo. bi dua (Grammatical class membership not yet analysed) . drong1 Transitive verb . To By tvos, tvo-by-tvo . place on a stove . dua pan (PC: lapan 'eight '). bi drong Transi ti ve verb . To Numeral . Nine. place on a stove . Cf. hrue dua . drong2 Transi tive verb . To Cf. mlan dua. stand up (bamboo pole bearing kong dar). Cf. mlan dua pan. bi drong Transitive verb . To Cf. mla� pluh dua . stand up (bamboo pole bearing kong dar). duah (PC: h duah 'to look for'). Cf. hduahl� Transitive verb . drok Cf. kdrok. Noun . Clas­ To look for . sifier: ae. Splinter. bi duah Transitive verb . To look for (plural). drong Cf. mdrong . Transitive verb . To greet. duam In transitive verb . To be bi drong Transitive verb . To sick, to get sick. greet (plural). bi duam Transitive verb . To make sick. Intransiti ve verb . dr8 (PC: ro no reconstructed To be sick, to get sick. gloss) . Noun . Classifier: boh. Cage . dU� l Cf. mdue . Transitive verb . To align, to place end-to-end. druah (PC: ?Jruah 'deer spe­ cies'). Noun . Classifier: bi due Adjective . Aligned, drei . Kind of very small deer . folloving one another , in a 27

line . Tr ansi tive verb . To C f. g i e d lfh . align , to place end-to-end. In transi tive verb . To be Preverb . Able , can, may . aligned, to be placed end-to­ end (hong with) . dl.1i 2 In transitive verb . To win. due 2 Transi tive verb . To say bi dlfi Tra nsitive verb . To (in traditional metaphoric help succeed, to help win, to style only). make succeed, to make win.

klel du& Noun . No classifier . dl.1m Cf. mdlfm. Transi tive verb . Poem, proverb . To place. bi du� Transitive verb . To bi dlfm Transitive verb . To say (in traditional metaphoric place . style only) (plural). klei bi du& No un . No grammat­ dl.1n 1 Adjective . Useful . ical classifier. Traditional bi dlfn Transitive verb . To Rhade law . make useful , to make valuable . duic (PC: du:c no recon structed klei dlfn No un . No grammatical gloss). Transi ti ve verb . To classifier. Purpose, use . sting . dlfn mdh Sentence . I don 't bi duic Transi tive verb . To care. cause to be stung. dl.1n 2 Conjunction . Whether or duih (Grammatical class member­ not . ship not yet analysed) . Ex­ dlfn at Conjunction . But still, actly, right . even though . duifi Transitive verb . To pick dl.1ng dl.1ng Expressive . Describes up piece by piece. a sound's loudness or low-pitch. bi duin Transitive verb . To pick up piece by piece (plural ). ddr No un . No grammati cal clas­ sifier. West . du6m Cf. mdu om . Transi tive verb . To patch. bi duom Transitive verb . To B patch . aa (Grammatical class membership dut Noun . Classifier: boh . not yet analysed) . A few, a Vagina (of animal) . li ttle, some . 1 dUm aah Transitive verb . To strike dum lei (PC: hadu:m 'how much, (of lightning, or in Rhade , of many'). In terroga ti ve . How gram 'thunder '). much? , how many? bi �ah Transitive verb . To strike (of lightning, or in dung 1 Rhade , of gram 'thunder ') dung dai Intransi tive verb . (plural). To swing. bi dung dai Transitive verb . aah 2 Transi ti ve verb . To spin To swing. (toy top). k lei dung da i Noun . Classifier: bi �ah Transitive verb . To aruat. Swing. spin (toy top ) (plural) . 3 dung2 Cf. &a dung . aah Transi tive verb . To pick (sugarcane , corn) . dUll 1 Cf. mdlfh . Transitive verb . bi �ah Transitive verb . To To lean . pick (sugarcane , corn) (plural). bi dlfh Transitive verb . To lean. 28

aah4 Cf. ngan �a h. dang Cf. m�ang . Adjecti ve . High . Far (of object shot or aahda (PAN : DaDa 'chest ', PC: thrown) . dada 'chest '). Noun . No gram­ bi aang Transitive verb . ma tical classifier. Chest To (body part). make high, to raise. To make far . To fly (kite). aai l Cf. eaai . Noun . Classifier: aruat, ae . Young plant. aeh (PC: ?dah no reconstructed gloss). Transitive verb . To Cf. ka i eng aa i. fry . Cf. sang aa i. bi �eh Transitive verb . To fry (plural). gang Cf. �i ng aang. Cf. go aeh. aao (PC: ?dau 'sword' ). Noun . Classifier: ae . Long knife aei (Grammatical class member­ for fighting, sword. ship not yet analysed) . Ex­ cessive. too, too much. aao Cf. maao . Intransitive Cf. amao �e i tu8m ... 8h. verb . To believe , to trust (kd in) . Adjective . Obedient, ae Noun . Classifi er : ae . Wooden tame . Transitive verb . To crossbeam connecting opposite guess. house posts at floor level in traditional house. bi aao Intransitive verb . To believe , to trust (kd in) Transitive verb . To weave (plural). Transi tive verb . a�c (thread) into a design in To make obey, to tame . Trans­ weaving. itive verb . To guess (plural). bi a�c Transitive verb . To aal Cf. maa . Adjective . Bent . weave (thread) into a design bi aa Transi tive verb . To in weaving (plural). bend. ahing Cf. m�h rng . Adjecti ve . Crooked, inclined, sloping. aa2 (Grammatical class member­ ship not yet analysed) . Obey, bi �h rng Transitive verb . To understand (poetic use). make crooked, to incline , to slope . aak Transitive verb . To break in half. Cf. &hong ah rng . bi aak Transitive verb . To ahong break in half (plura�) . ahong 4hrng Adjective. Rock­ ing, shaky , unsteady . Rough, aal (PC: ?dal 'to wedge'). uneven . Transitive verb . To place (ti on) . To weigh down (hong aiao (PC: ?iau 'left (not with) . right) '}. Cf. ma iao. Nou,n . No gramma tical classifier. bi aa l Transitive verb . To place (hong something) on top Left (side). of (some thing). aiet Cf. m4i et. Adjective. In tensive: aiet dhiet. Pl ural : aam l Intransitive verb . To rest, to sleep, to stay over­ dddlet. Little, small . night. bi aiet Transitive verb . To make little, to make small . bi aam Transiti ve verb . To make rest, to make sleep , to Cf. aang aha aiet. make stay overnight . aih (PC: ?d ih 'to lie down'). aam2 Cf. maih. Intransitive verb . aam ..• 8h Preverb . Do not, To lie down . don't, negat ive imperative . 29

bi dih Transitive verb . To Qd! In terrogati ve. How (as in lay . To make lie down . 'how big?'). ad lei In terrogati ve. How sing! In transitive verb . To be uncertain (kd of) . (as in 'how big?'). bi ding Intransi tive verb . Qd2 Noun . Classi fier: boh . A To be uncertain (kd of) (plu­ letter of the Rhade alphabet . ral) . a. sing2 Qrao (PC: ?jrau 'bamboo species'). ding dang Adjective . Unsteady Noun . Classifier: Be. Kind of (of bird. aeroplane . etc.). large bamboo . si (pc: ?d j? 'to climb'). In­ Qru Cf. mdru. Transi ti ve verb . transitive verb . To increase . To help. To climb. to rise . Transitive bi dru Transi tive verb . To verb . To climb. To board. to help (plural ). get on. bi dl Transi ti ve verb . To in­ Qua ! In transi tive verb . To take crease. To make climb. to make advantage of. to use (kd some­ rise. thing. someone). bi Qua In transi tive verb . To sing (pc: ?d it) 'tube'). No un . take advantage of. to use (kd Classifier: Be . Drinking straw . something. someone) (plural ). pipe. tube . Bamboo pole . ding kl ia Noun . Cl a ssifier: Qua 2 (PC: ?dua 'to carry or Be. Flute. wear on head' ). Transitive verb . To place on one's head. ding adriek Noun . No gramma ti ­ cal classifier. Musical instru­ bi Qua Transi tive verb . To ment . place on one's head. ding nam No un . Classifier : QUe (pc: ?du�i? 'to flee. to boh . Musical instrument made run'). In transitive verb . To from squash and bamboo. sim­ disappear . to escape . to get ilar to Lao khan . out . to run away . &Ing tak ta Noun . Cl assifier : bi due Transitive verb . To Be. Musical instrument made make disappear. to make escape. from squash and one bamboo or to make get out . to make run buffalo horn. away . ding buot Noun . Classifier: Be . Bamboo whistle blown at Qui Transitive verb . To fu ck right angle to column . Whistle (of animal. human). made from cuc umber ste m . bi dui Transi ti ve verb . To fuck (of animal . human) (plural ). soh (PC: ?doh 'to pull' ). Trans- itive verb . To pull . Qung ! Cf. mdung!. Adjective . bi &o h Transi tive verb . To Floating. pull (plural ). bi dung Transi tive verb . To make float . To- fly (kite). sok No un . Classifier: boh . Throat . Noun . No gramma tical Cf. ana boh dung . classifier. Voice. Cf. boh dung . dok blu Noun . No grammatical classifier. Voice. Qung2 Noun . Classifier: boh . Fontanel . Cf. broh &ok. Quam Cf. mduom . Adj ective . song Noun . Cl assifi er : .�e. Sticky . Intransitive verb . Penis (of animal). To adhere. to stick. 30

bi 4u6m Transitive verb . To aul Transi tive verb . To pry up , stick (something) (ti onto ). to raise with a lever . To 4u6m kdk Intransitive verb . place something under the leg(s) of in order to make To get stuck. level or steady . eu6m tldk Intransi tive verb . bl e�1 Transitive verb . To To get stuck. pry up , to raise with a lever eu6m tldl Intransitive verb . (plural). To place something To be completely obstructed, under the leg( s) of in order to get stuck fast. to make level or steady (plu­ ral) . euom tlul Intransitive verb . To be completely obstructed, aum Adjecti ve . Formerly, long to get stuck fast . ago . au5n (PC: ?duan 'hat'). Noun . e� adih Adjecti ve . Formerly, Classifier: boh . Hat. long ago. aup l Cf. meupl. Adjective . Obedient . bi eup Transitive verb . To E make obey. e Noun . Classifier: boh . A letter of the Rhade alphabet, e. QUp2 Cf. meup2. Transitive verb . To hand (something) up (kef to) . eh (PC: ?eh 'to defecate '). Cf . �h. Noun . No grammatical clas­ bi eup Transitive verb . To sifier . Excrement, faeces . hand (something) up (kef to). In transitive verb . To defecate. bi e h Intransi tive verb . To au Transi ti ve verb . To demand compensation from for damage , defecate excessively. injury, or offense. eh mef� a Noun . No grammatical classifier . bi eu Transitive verb . To Diarrhoea. demand compensation from for eh rue Noun . Classifier: bTt. damage , injury , offense (plu­ Mole on skin. ral ) . el Noun . Classifier: boh . A auk letter of the Rhade alphabet, euk eak Noun . No classifier . e. Wrist . e2 Cf. T. No un . Classifier : aung l Transiti ve verb . To wrap . c6 . Baby, infant . bl eung Transitive verb . To wrap (plural). � Noun . Classifi er : boh . A letter of the Rhade alphabet , e., aung2 Cf. ana djam be i .ung. Cf. ana mnga djam bei .ung . eal (PAN: wayeR 'water ', PC : Cf. dJam bei 4ung . ?ia 'water '). -Cf. mc1ea. Noun . No gramma tical classifier. Cf. mnga dJam b e l "ung . Water. Cf. phun djam b e l . "ung . �a bah No un . No grammatical Cf. phun mnga dJam b ei "ung . classifier . Saliva . �a 81Tt Noun . No grammatical aut Cf. meut . Adjective . In­ classifi er . Glue, paste . tensive: "ut dhut. Plural : 4c14ut. Short . �a 81ung Noun . Classifier: boh . Pond. bi eut Transitive verb . To make short, to shorten. �a c� Noun . No grammatical clas sifier . Tea . 31

ea drao Noun . Classifier : Cf. It l ung ea .. asar. Pill. No classifier. Cf. gdng ea . Medicine . Cf. knang ea . Cf. ae ea drao. Cf. krih ea .. Cf. sang ea drao . Cf. I ue ea. ea dung Noun . No grammatical classifier. Nasal mucus . Cf. nu ea. ea e:at Noun . No grammatical Cf. pin ea. classifier. Ice. Cf. sac ea . ea hnoh Noun . Classifier: boh . Cf. tl dn g ea . Stream. ea hnue Noun . No grammatical ea2 No un . Cl assi fier: mta . classifier. Honey . Colour. ea ho Cf. khol, ko'ho. Noun . ea ju Noun . No grammatical No grammati cal classifi er. classifier. Ink . Noun . No Perspiration , sweat . grammati cal classifier. Black colour . ea khak Noun . No grammati cal classifi er . Mucus from throat . ea kdng Adjective . Brass or bronze coloured. ea khat Noun . No grammati cal classifier. Puddle, water e:a Noun . Classifier: bit . flowing or standing on ground Crack , split. surface . bi e:a In transitive verb . ea k l dn Noun . No grammatical Having many cracks , having cl assi fi er . Cologne, perfume . many splits. ea kphe Noun . No gramma ti cal classifier. Coffee. e:at ( PC: la?On 'cold' ) . Adjec­ tive . In tensive : e:at hriet. ea krdng ( PC: kro:1) 'river' ); Cold. Noun . Classifier: boh. River. bi e:at Transi tive verb . To ea kSI Noun . No grammatical make cold. cl assifier. Ocean , sea. Cf. ea e:at. ea I ip No un . No grammatical classi fier. Flood. Cf . . yan e:at. ea 10k Noun . No grammatical ebat ( PC: luba:t 'to walk' ) . classi fier. Water collected In transitive verb . To walk. in a hole in a fallen tree . bi ebat Transi tive verb . To ea mnak No un . No grammatical make walk . classifier. Cologne , perfume . ea ngac Noun . No gramma tical ebang Adjective . Having very cl assifier . Pure water. acute hearing. ea ngudm Noun . No gramma ti cal bi ebang Transi tive' verb . To classifier. Dew. make hear well. ea phe Noun . No grammatical ebao ( PAN: ribu 'thousand' , PC: classifier. Coffee . lubau, rubau 'thousand' ) . ea phI Noun . no grammatical Numeral . Thousand. classi fier. Bile, gall . ebeh ( PAN : lebiq 'excess, more ', ea pral Noun . No grammati cal PC : lubeh 'surplus ' ) . In trans­ classifier. Oil . itive verb . To be excessive , ea sang No un . No grammatical to be extra . classifier. Gasoline . bi ebeh Transitive verb . To Cf . biiea . make excessive . Cf. prdc ebeh . 32

ebdr Adjective. Slick, slip­ bi �dam Transitive verb . To pery . dress ( a mal e ) well in order that he look handsome and young. bi �bdr Transitive verb . To make slick, to make slippery . edeh ( PC: ra?deh 'vehicle ' ) . Noun . Classifier: boh. Vehicle. ebua ( PC : labua 'a plant' ) . Noun . Classifi er : ee ( stem ) , �deh gao Noun . Classifier: pak ( leaf) . Kind of small boh . Small reconnaisance aero­ taro . plane . Cf. ana �bua . �deh ph idr Noun . Classifier: boh. Aeroplane . ebuh ( PAN : Oabuq 'to fall' ) . ( �deh pdphut Noun . Cl assifier: PAN: labuq 'to fall, to drop boh . anchor ', PC: labuh 'to fall' ) . Motorcycle . In transitive verb . To fall . �deh pui Noun . Classifier: boh . Automobile, car. bi �buh Transi tive verb . To make fall. �deh sar No un . Classifier: boh . Military tank . ( PAN : ribut 'storm', PC: ebii 1 �deh wa i jdng Noun . Classifier: r bu? 'tempest ' ) . Adjecti ve. Strong ( of wind ) . boh . Bicycle . Cf. aka �deh . ebii2 Noun . Classifier : drei . Kind of animal . edei ( PAN : quOi 'rear , back part ' ) . Adjective . After , ebiing ( PAN : rebuQ 'sprout , behind, last , later . shoot', PC: lu?buQ , ru?buQ bi �dei Transitive verb . To ) Noun . Cl as­ 'bamboo shoot ' . delay , to make late. sifier: ee . Bamboo shoot . bi �bung Adjective. Having edi Cf . �dimi , �d imlma. ( Gram­ many shoots ( of bamboo) . matical class membership not yet analysed) . Very, the most , eshu ( PC: ja?bu 'to put out in superlative . sun ' ) . Transitive verb . To spread to dry in the sun . edimi Cf. �d i, �dimima. ( Gram­ matical class membership not b i �&hu Transi ti ve verb . To yet analysed) . Very, the mo st , spread to dry in the sun superlative . ( plural) . edimina Cf. �di , �d imi . ( Gram­ eda Noun . Classifier: &e . matical class membership not Wooden beam connecting the top yet analysed) . Very, the most, of opposite house posts and superlative . supporting and holding secure the yang in traditional house. edu Adjecti ve . Weak . edah Adjective . In tensi ve : �dah bi �du Transitive verb . To bhung. Clear, visible . deflate. bi �dah Transitive verb . To bi �du al ati� In transitive show. verb . To discourage . edak Noun . Classifi er : boh . Noun . Classifier : aruat, Squash. Point, tip, top . Cf. hrue �dak . eaai Cf. sa i 1. No un . Classi fier: drei. Offspring, young ( of edam Cf. dam. Adjective. Young animal ) . ( of boy) . Noun . Classifier: �a . Young boy . �sa i kpre Noun . Classifier: �a . Weak slow-growing child ( slang) . 33

eaap Adjecti ve . Cool . In transi tive verb . To defecate . bi esap Transi ti ve verb . To bi eh In transi tive verb . To cool . defecate excessively . e�ap enang Adjecti ve . Peace­ Noun . Cl assifier : pok . ful , quiet. ehang Betel leaf. Cl assifier: klo. Betel chew . eae No un . Classifier: co . Mem­ ber of the Rhade tribe . Cf. hrue ehang . e�e ega No un . No grammatical ehok Noun . No classifier. Span classi fier . Montagnard, min­ from shoulder to tip of opposite ority group me mber. outstretched arm . Cf. anak ese. e:i (PC: la7i 'winnowing basket'). ega Noun . Cl assifi er : aruat, Noun . Classifier: boh . Rice asa r. Gravel. basket .

egah (PC: lagah 'tired' ). Ad­ ejai Conjunction . During , while. jecti ve. In tensive : egah egan . bi ejai anei? Sen tence . How Fatigued, tired. about now? bi egah Transi tive verb . To bi ejai anan ? Sen tence . How fatigue , to tire . about then? egao 1 Adjective . Overflowing. I jau, r jau, sijau running over . ejao (PC: 'hammock ')� Noun� Classifier: bi egao Transitive verb . To blah, boh. Hammock, swing. pass across, to pass over. ejuar Cf. ana ejuar. egao2 Adjecti ve . Disobedient . Cf. hluat ejuar. bi egao In transitive verb . To disobey . edjao 1 Noun . Classifier: pok . Thin skin-like covering on egap l Noun . Classifier: ee. bird's foot . Wooden beam connecting house posts at floor level along each edjao2 Noun . Cl assifier: boh . side of traditional house. Tough pulp of eyan fruit which Egap is supported by the se is used for scouring. adrung. and supports the bi edjao In transitive verb . Having much tough pulp (of egap2 Noun . No grammatical eyan ) . classifier. Hunting blind, camouflage . Adjective . Lucky . eka (PAN : lU(Q)ka 'wound, to successful (at hunting or luka . injure', PC: 'wound' ). fishing) Adjective . Abraded, cut deeply, bi egap Transi tive verb . To wounded. make lucky at hunting or fish­ bi eka Transi tive verb . To ing, to make successful at abrade , to cut deeply , to wound. hunting or fishing. eka Adjective . Rough , not slick, not slippery. egei (PAN : gigi 'tooth'). Noun . bi eka Transitive verb . To Classifi�r: ee . Tooth . make rough, to roughen . Cf. gie chao egei . ekei (PAN : laki 'man, husband'). Cf. keu chao egei . No un . Classifier: co. Boy , man . eh. Noun . No gramma tical eh Cf. mlao Noun . Cl assifier: classifier. Excrement . faeces. Widower . 34

Cf. amlet eke I. em n Adjecti ve . Intensive : eman � . Cf. aprong eke I. em l k . Fatigued, tired. bl eman Transitive verb . To Cf. awa eke I. fatigue , to tire . Cf. i e eke i . Cf. m dlo eke i . emat Adjective . Skillful at catching , skillful at shooring Cf. plu e k e l . ( of a cat, a mouse; of a man , a ball) . ekut (pc: lukut 'absent ' ) . In ­ b i ema t Transi ti ve verb . To transitive verb . To be ab sent. make skillful at catching, bl ekut In transitive verb . skillful at shooting. To be ab sent ( plural) . eme Cf. ana eme . elah ( PAN : dllaq 'tongue', PC: Cf. boh eme. d I I ah 'tongue ' ) . No un . Clas­ sifier: pok. Tongue . emeh ( PC : lumah 'rhinoceros ' ) . ( No un . Classifier: dre l . elam PAN : Dal em 'interior, Rhinoceros . depth', PC: dalam 'inside, deep' ) . Adjective . In tensive: emhac Adjective . In tensive: elam ITn. Deep . emhac chaco Easy to talk with . bl elam Transitive verb . To bi emhac In transitive verb . deepen, to make deep . To whisper. ( PAN : zalan 'road' , PC: elan emhia Cf. ana emhla. jala:n 'road' ) . Noun . Clas ­ sifier: boh . Path, road, Cf. boh emh I a. street. emik Cf. &man em lk. bl elan In transi tive verb . To (kd ) guide , to lead someone . emit Adjective . Kind. ba elan. Cf. bi emi t Transitive verb . To Cf. h ae h e I ak. make kind. Cf. djleo elan. emi t mut Adjective . Humble . sa hdra elan. Cf. emong Adjecti ve. Fat , obese . tlak elan. Cf. bl &mong Transitive verb . To make fat , to fatten . elao (pc: dlhlau 'formerly' ) . Adjective. ( First . Grammatical eme ( PAN : lembu 'ox, cow' , PC: class membershi p not yet ana­ lamo , ramo 'cow ' ) . Noun . Clas- ) lysed . Earlier, first. sifier: drei . Cow . el�o kd Conjunction . Before. eme kbao Noun . No grammatical classifier . Domesticated ema ( PAN : lima 'five', PC : lima, animals . luma 'five ' ) . Numeral. Five . Cf. hrue ema . emen Cf . con emen . mlan ema . Cf. emong (pc: lumo:�. rumo:� 'tiger' ) . No un . Classifier: eman ( PC: luman 'elephant ' ) . drel . Tiger . Noun . Classifier: d r e l. Ele­ phant. emeng br�c Noun . Classifier: drel . Leopard. Cf. kuh eman . emong gu Noun . Classifier: ema ( PAN : lemak 'fat', PC: luma? d r e 1 . Lion . ) Noun . No grammatical 'fat ' . emong hue Noun . Classifier: classifier. Fat . drei . Kind of tiger. 35

ernuan Cf. kuan emuan. stick) '). Transi tive verb . To carry suspended from the ernuh Transitive verb . To ask. ends of a pole balanced on one's shoulder. bi emuh Transi tive verb . To ask (plural) . bi en8ng Transitive verb . To carry suspended from the ends k lei emuh Noun . No cl assi fier . of a pole balanced on one's Question. shoulder (plural). enah 1 Noun . Classifi er : boh . enure Noun . Classifi er : aruat. Land cleared for cultivation. Sting. stinger (of bee. scor­ pion. etc.). enah2 (PAN: nanaq 'pus'. pc: lanah 'pus'). Noun . No gram­ enUng Noun . Classifier: drei . matical classifi er . Pus . Eel . bi enah Adjective . Having much pus . entlih Adjective . In tensive : enlli h pilih. Easy . Cheap . in­ enai Adjecti ve . Noisy . Noun . expensive . No grammatical classi fier. bi en IIi h Transi ti ve verb . To Noise. make easy. To make cheap . to bi enai Transitive verb . To make inexpensive . make noisy. (PC: rinan i ladder '). Noun . enai blu Noun . No gramma tical efian Classifier: boh. Stairs . classifier. Voice. efi�t Transitive verb . To rub enang1 Adjective . Happy . not lightly . angry . Kind. bi e�at Transi ti ve verb . To bi enang Transi ti ve verb . To make happy . to pacify . rub lightly (plural). Cf. egap enang. efiu&l Noun . Classifi er : drei . Cf. hnuk enang . Pangolin. enga (PAN : lel)a 'sesame'. PC: enang2 Adjective . Free. un­ lal)a 'sesame'). Cf. engu. occupied. not busy . Noun . Classifier: asar. Sesame bi enang Transi tive verb . To seed. dismiss. to excuse from work. Cf. ana enga . school . or responsibility . Cf. hlu�t enga. enao (PAN : Danaw 'lake '. PC : danau 'lake'). Noun . Cl assifi er : en gao (PC: I il)au, rll)au 'out­ boh . Lake . side' ). Noun . No grammati cal classifier. Outer part , out­ enang (PC: I anal) 'earthworm' ). side . Noun . Classifier: drel . Earth- Cf. ti engao . worm . engeh 1 Adjective . Pure . enharn In transitive verb . To wallow in mud (of buffalo). bl engeh Transitive verb . To purify . bi enham Transitive verb . To make wallow . engeh2 Adjective . Being a light sleeper. enoh Noun . No classifier. Price. Cf. tloh enoh . engoh Adjective . Sick. bl engoh Adjecti ve . Sick en&ng (PC: ?anro :1) 'to carry (plural ) . (two ob jects suspended from a engu Cf. enga. Noun . Classifier: epee Cf. po� . Transitive verb . asar. Sesame seed. To wash (rice). Cf. ana engu. bi epo� Transiti ve ve rb . To wash (rice) (plural). engue In transi tive verb . To enjoy another's company, to era (PAN : DaRa 'virgin' , PC : visit . dara 'girl'). Adjecti ve . Young (of girl). Noun. Cl as­ bi engue Intransi tive verb . sifier: �O . Young girl . To enjoy another 's company, to visit (plural). bi era Transitive verb . To dress up (a female) well in enguot (PC: laQuat 'sad' ). Ad­ order that she look pretty and jective . In tensi ve: enguot young. hnfng. Sad. In transitive verb . To feel lonely, to miss (kd erah (PAN : (dD)aRaq 'blood', PC: someone) . darah 'blood' ). Noun . No gram­ ma ti cal classifier. Blood. bi enguot Transitive verb . To make sad, to sadden . To make In transitive verb . To run . lonely, to make miss someone . eran bi eran Transitive verb . To enguot hnfng In transitive verb . make run . To miss (kd someone). bi enguot hnfng In transi tive erang Cf. ana erang . verb . To miss (kd someone) Cf. boh erang. (plural) . To make mi ss (kd someone) . erue (PAN : (dD) uRi 'thorn' , PC: dural 'thorn'). Cf. rue. Noun . epal (PAN : lapaR 'hungry' , PC: Classifier: aruat, I.e. Thorn . lapa 'hungry' ). Adjective . Classifi er: drel . Fly (insect). Hungry . bi erue Adjective . Having bi epa Transitive verb . To many thorns . make hungry . Cf. it epa. erUm (PAN : zaRum 'needle, com­ pass', PC : jurum 'needle'). epa2 (PAN : depa 'fathom, span Noun . Classifi er : aruat, I.e. of outstretched arms ', PC: tupa Needle . 'armspan'). Noun . No classifier. Fathom, span of outstretched esa (PAN : Rusa 'deer' (Blust arms . 1973) , PC: rusa 'deer' ). Noun . Classifi er: drei . Kind of epan (PAN : lipan 'centipede ', an imal . PC: lupa :n 'centipede'). Noun . Classifier: drei . Cent ipede . esei Noun . Cl assifier: aruat, asar. Cooked rice. epan Ie Noun . Classifier: drei. Millipede . esei djam Noun . No gramma tical classifier. Food. epei (PAN : nupi 'dream' , PC: Cf. go esei . lupai 'dream'). In transitive (kd verb . To dream about). esUn (PAN : la(s)u(n)a 'onion', bi epe i In transitive verb . To PC: lis un , rlsun 'onion' ). dream (kd about). Noun . Classifi er: asar, boh. Onion. Classifier: I.e. Onion epih (PAN : nipis 'thin' , PC: plant . luplh 'thin'). Adjecti ve . In ­ tensive : epih hn/p. Thin (not esiing (PAN: lesuQ 'mortar for thick) . pounding' , PC : rlsuQ 'mortar (for pounding)'). No un . Clas­ bi epih Transitive verb . To sifier: boh. Mortar for poun­ make thin. ding. 37

etah (PAN : lin taq 'leech' , PC : eya (PAN : liya 'kind of spice r i tah 'leech'). Noun . Cl assi ­ plant , ginger' , PC : liia, riia fi er: drei. Leech. 'ginger'). Noun . Cl assi fier: boh , I.e . Ginger . Turmeric . etak (PC: rata:k 'bean'). Noun . Cf. phun eya . Classifier: asar. Bean seed. Classifier: aruat. Bean pod. eyan Noun . Classifier: boh . etak c�t Noun . Classifier: I.e. Kind of fruit , edible when Bean sprout . young, whose pulp is used in washing di shes when mature . etak Ian Noun . Cl assifier: asa r. Peanut . eyan phI Noun . Cl assi fi er : boh. Ampalaya, bitter melon , Cf . ana etak I an . balsam apple. Cf. h r ue etak . Cf . hrue eyan . Cf. phun etak I an . Cf. hrue eyan phI. Cf. mnga etak. eyuh (PC: i uh , r i uh 'to etuh (PAN : Ratus 'hundred ', PC: shake ' ) . Tr ansitive verb . To ratuh 'hundred' ). Numeral . shake . Hundred. bi eyuh Transi tive verb . To shake (plural) . e:un Adjective . In tensive: eun dhun. Flexible . Cf. ktuh eyuh . bi e:un Transi tive verb . To eyui Noun . Classifier : bIt . make flexible . Shade , shadow . Adjective. Shading. ewa (PAN: nawa , ziwa 'soul' , PC: jaua , laua 'air' ). Noun . No bi e y ui Transi tive verb . To grammatical classifier . Breath. shade , to make a shadow on .

b i ewa In transi ti ve verb . To Noun . Classifier : boh. A breathe . �l i etter of the Rhade alphabet, e. ewang (PAN : (n) jal) 'thin (of pc: luua:1) body) ', 'thin (of & 2 Transitive verb . To spit people)'). Adjective . Inten­ out (children 's speech). sive: ewang ewlt . Skinny , thin. bi � Transitive verb . To b i ewang Tr ansi ti ve verb . To make spit something out . make skinny , to make thin. ewat Transitive verb . To sac­ rifice a chicken in order to bring success to or to save G from illness. gac Noun . Classifier: bIt. Sore bi ewat Transi tive verb . To on buffalo caused by an insect sacrifice a chicken in order to bite. bring success to or to save from illness (plural). gah l Noun . No grammati cal clas­ sifier . Front room of house. ewien Adjective . Intensive : ew ien ewlt. Crippled by old gah 2 (PC: gah 'side , direction'). age or disease . gah gan Preposition . Around . bi ew ien Transi tive verb . To Cf. J urn gah gan . cripple (of old age , disease) . Cf. roh gah . ewlt Cf. ewang ewlt. gak Trans i ti ve verb . To guard. Cf. ewien ewlt. 38

bi gak Transitive verb . To gap2 Noun . Classifier: co. guard (plural). Friend. gap dj ue Noun . Classifier: m • In transitive verb . gam Cf. ga l boh . Family. To alight, to perch. bi gam In transi tive verb . To gap 3 Cf. hdang gap. alight , to perch (plural). gha (PC: pagha7 'to forbid'). gao l (PC: gau 'rim' ). Noun . Transitive verb . To forbid, Classifier: boh. Edge , rim. to tell not to do something. bi gha Transiti ve verb . To gao2 Cf. edeh gao. forbid, to tell not to do some­ thing . gall Intransi tive verb . To call , to summon. giam Cf. mg lam. Adjective . bi gal In transiti ve ve rb . To Close, near (hong to ) . call, to summon (plural ). bi giam Transitive verb . To move close, to move near (hong gal2 Transi ti ve ve rb . ro cut to) . off (tree branch). b i gal Transi tive ve rb . To gie (PC: ga i 'stick' ). Noun . cut off (tree branch) (plural). Classifier: �i. Bar , pole , stick. Adjective . gal 3 Ruled right in gie chao egei No un . Classi ­ an argument . Opposite of taboo, fier: �i . Toothbrush. acceptable. gle dra No un . Classifier: �i . bi gal Adjective . Ruled right Cane , walking stick. in an argument (plural). Op­ posite of taboo, acceptable g i e d�h Noun . Classifier: �i . (plural ) . Chopstick. 1 gie hwar Noun . Classifier: �i . gam Cf. gam . In transitive Rake . verb . To alight, to perch. gie kpf Noun . Cl assifier: �i . bi gam Intransi tive verb . To Long split ale bamboo on in­ alight , to perch (plural ). side of traditional house par­ allel to each gdng mtih. gam2 (PC: gOm 'to cover'). Tran si tive verb . To cover, to gie krap Noun . Classifier: �i. place (hong something) on top Splints, any long objects be­ of (something) . tween which something is braced or clamped. bi gam Transitive verb . To (hong cover, to place something) gieng Transi tive verb . To set on top of (something) . up (warp) in weaving . gan (PC: gan 'to cross'). Trans­ bi gieng Transi tive verb . To itive verb . To pass in front set up (warp ) in weaving . of. giet Noun . Classifier: boh . bi gan Transitive verb . To Bottle . pass in front of (plural). Cf. boh giet. Cf. gah g a n . Cf. hrui boh giet. Cf. jum gah gan. Cf. hrui giet. gap l Noun . Classifier: boh. Roof. gi Transitive verb . To comb . Cf. kyang gap. bi gf Transitive verb . To comb (plural) . 39

gIr Adjecti ve . In tensive : gar bi gd Transiti ve verb . To ktar. Exerting great effort , press down (plural). persevering. gdng (PC: gal) 'pole'). Noun . bi gar Transi tive verb . To Classifier : ee. Upright make exert great effort , to cyl indrical object. make persevere . gdng ea Noun . Classifier: ee. go Cf. go, gu2 • Adjective . Fire hydrant . Bent , stooped over (of human). gdng ko' Noun . Classifier: ee . bi go Transitive verb . To Flag pole . make bend over , to make stoop gdng mbung Noun . Classifier: over (human). ee . Upright wooden beam sup­ ported by the eda (or in older go (PC: go? 'kettle '). Noun . houses, the ee ) and supporting Classi fier: boh . Pot . the acuor in traditional house. go ee Noun . Classifier : boh . gdng mt ih Noun . Classi fier: Small fancy water jar or cooking ae. Ve rtical wall posts of pot . ale bamb oo inserted into holes go eung Noun . Classi fier : boh . drilled in the mbong sang and Fancy water jar or cooking pot . tied at the top to the ro� , in traditional house . go eeh No un . Classifier: boh . Frying pan . gram (PC: grOm 'thunder '). go esei Noun . Classifi er : boh . Noun . No grammatical classifier. Rice pot . Thunder . go djam No un . Classifier: boh . Cf. mgran . No un . Classi ­ Cooking pot. gran l fi er: ee . Plant stem. Handle go kang No un . Classifier: boh . of knife . axe , sword, etc . Small expensive metal pot. bi gran Transi ti ve verb . To go Ian Noun . Classifier: boh . make a handle for (axe , knife , Earthen pot. sword, etc.). go (PC: go 'bent'). gran� Adjective . Bent . gran hat No un . Classifier: ee . Tobacco plant . bi go Transi tive verb . To bend. grang Noun . Cl assifier: ee . A kind of large gun. gong Noun . Classifier: ee . Kind of bamboo musical instrument . grap (Grammatical class member­ ;;: x ship not yet analysed) . Each , go Cf. mgo . Transi tive verb . every . To rape . To loosen (post) from its mounting. To use force in gr�n In transi tive verb . To felling (tree , post). growl (of cat , dog, tiger , etc.). bi g8 Transitive verb . To bi gr�n Transi ti ve verb . To rape (plural). To make (animal, make growl . Transitive verb . human) fell a tree , to make To growl (of cat, dog , tiger , (animal . human} loosen a post . etc .) (plural). No un . Classifier: boh . gd A griang Noun . Classifier : ee . letter of the Rhade alphabet, g. Fang. tusk (of wild pig) . Classifier: aruat, ee . Jaws gal (Grammatical class member­ (of insect) . ship not yet analysed} . Is it •••? It is bi griang Adjective . Having many tusks . having many fangs . ga2 Cf. g�. Transitive verb . having sharp tusks. having To press down . sharp fan gs . 40

grio Noun . Classifier : aruat. guah Cf. a � uah . Noun . Classi­ Rim (of basket, cup , jar, etc.). fi er: blill. Morning. Cf. mgi guah dih. gri (PC: 9 ri : t 'dirty' ). Noun . No gramma tical classifier . Dirt or dust adhering to one's guam Cf. aguam. Adjective. skin. Shy . bi guam Adjecti ve . Shy (plu­ grip Noun . Classifier : boh . Rat ral ) . trap. gue Cf. gu�. Transitive verb . groh (PC: groh 'to bark'). In­ To catch with a rope attached transitive verb . To bark . to a bamboo, to lasso. Transitive verb . To bark at . bi gue Transi tive verb . To bi groh Transitive verb . To catch with a rope attached to make bark . To bark at (plural ). a bamboo, to lasso (plural). Intransiti ve verb . To bark (plural) . gu� Cf. gue. Transitive verb . To catch with a rope attached gru Cf. mg ru. Noun . Classifier : to a bamboo , to lasso . bft, bbh . Mark , spot. Line bi gu� Transitive verb . To on palm of hand. Footprint. catch with a rope attached to bi gru Transitive verb . To a bamboo, to lasso (plural). make a mark on, to mark . gui (PC: gui 'to carry on back '). grua Noun . Classifier: aruat. Transiti ve verb . To carry on Fringe. one's back . bi gui Transi tive verb . To grue l Noun . Classifier : ae . load onto so me one's back. Long-handled brush . gun Adjective . Busy, occupied. grue 2 Noun . No classifi er. Stripe . bi gun Transitive verb . To make busy, to occupy . grdh Noun . Classifi e r: ae . Side (body part) . gung Noun . Classifier: boh , ae . Kind of animal trap . Cf. klang grllh. guon Cf. mguon . Transitive verb . gru (PC: gra? 'vulture '). Noun . To wai t for . Classifier: drei. Vulture . bi guon Transitive verb . To gu l stop, to make wait . To wait gu Jue Noun. Classifi er : .ae. for (plural). Edible heart of wild banana trunk. guop Cf. mguSp . Noun. No gram­ matical classifier. Mate in a gu mtel No un. Classifier : boh , pair, matching part . Adjective . ee. Edible heart of banana Alike , compatible, matching. trunk. bi guop Adjecti ve . Alike , gu2 Cf. go, gS. Adjective . compatible , matching (plural ). Bent , stooped over. gut Transitive verb . To bend. bi gu Transitive verb . To bend . bl gut Transitive verb . To bend (plural ). gu kga Noun . Classifi er : ae . Bent portion of bamb oo sickle gu (PC: gu:? no reconstructed handle . gloss). Noun . No gramma tical classifier . Lower part, under­ gu3 Cf. �mSng guo neath . 41

Cf. lua guo Cf. amo hbao hat. Cf. ti guo Cf. ana hat. Cf. ana hat drao . ga Cf. g d2 . Transitive verb . To press down . Cf . gran hat. bi g� Transitive verb . To Cf. hdru8m hat. press down (plural). hbao (PAN : abu 'ashes ', PC: habau 'ashes '). Noun . No grammatical classifier . Ashes . H Cf. amo hbao hat. (PC: ha 'to open mouth'). ha hbei (PAN: ubi 'root vegetable , Transitive verb . To open (one's yam', PC : hubai 'tub er' ). mouth ) . Noun . Classi fi er : bo h . Potato. Transitive verb . bi ha To hbe i � I ang No un . Classifier: make (someone ) open his mouth. ee . Kind of long sweet potato having white flesh . hak (PC: ha:k 'to split '). Cf . khak. Transitive verb . To hbei mo No un . Classifier: boh . tear open .� Kao hak ao ih kdyua Taro , kind of sweet potato . 'I dah kao ngen kd i h. tore hbe l tao No un . Classifi er: boh . your shirt because I was angry Sweet potato. at you.' To husk (corn). Cf. ana hbei �lang. bi hak Transi tive verb . To tear open (plural) . To husk Cf. ana hbei mo . (corn) (plural) . Cf. hrue hbei tao. ha:1) Noun . hang 1 (PC: 'shore' ). hbia Noun . Classi fier: c8 . No grammatical cl assifier. Princess, daughter of rich Beach, coast, riverbank, shore . family (archaic ). hang ksf Noun . No grammatical classifier. Beach, coast , hbI1 Interrogative. When? shore. hbIr Cf. bhfr. Transi tive verb . hang2 Adjective . Heated, hot . To hurl, to throw . bi hang Transi tive verb . To bi hbfr Transi ti ve verb . To heat, to warm, by exposing to hurl , to throw (plural) . heat source. hSliam Cf. helok, hel iam. hao hao Expressive. Describes a group 's (animals or persons) hSlok In transitive verb . To being noisy. regret (kd something) . bi h�lok Intransi ti ve verb . hang (PAN : saqal) 'hot , spicy', To regret (kd something) (plu­ PC : hal) 'peppery hot'). Adjec­ ral) . tive . Hot, spicy. h�lok h�l iam Intransitive bi hang Transi tive verb . To ve rb . To regret (kd something ). make hot , to make spicy. hdang (PAN : qu(N)Dal) 'crusta­ hat Noun . Classifier: pok . cean', pc : huda :1) 'shrimp'). Tobacco . Noun . Classifier: drei. Shrimp . hat drao Noun . Cl assifier: pok. Opium leaf. No grammati cal hdam (PC: 5 i dOm, sudOm 'ant'). classi fier. Opium . Noun . Classifier: drei . Ant . hat reh Noun . No grammatical hdam mac Noun . Classifier: cl assifier . Dried cut tobacco . drel . Kind of small black ant .

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hdang 1 (PAN: ajeQ 'charcoal'. haap (PC: sa?dap 'old'). Adjec­ PC: hadaQ 'charcoal'). Noun . ti ve. Old (of inanimate ob- Cl assifier : klo. Charcoal . j ec t) . bi h�ap Tr ansitive verb . To hdang 2 Refl exi ve . Each other. ourselves. themselve s. your­ make old. selves (must be followed by haeh Noun . Classifi er : co . appropriate plural pronoun). Child. hdang gap Refl exi ve . Each h�eh e I ak Noun ..Cl assifier: other. ourselves. themselve s. co . yourselves (must be followed Children (polite style). by appropriate personal pro­ noun ) . he Particle . Maybe. perhaps. heh Noun . No classifier. Span hdrp (PAN : quDip 'life'. PC: from elbow to finger tip. hadip 'to live'). Adjective. Alive . hei Cf. he. Interjection . Hey. bi hdfp Transitive verb . To give life, to make alive . he Particle . Particle of em­ phasis. hddr (PC: sidor. sider 'to re­ member'). In transitive verb . he Cf. hel . Interjection . Hey. To remember. h�n Adjective . Ashamed, shy . bi hddr Transi ti ve verb . To remind (kd of) . b i h�ii Transi ti ve verb . To make ashamed. to make shy . Noun . Classifier : bft hdra or h�ii mlao In transitive verb . no classifi er. Direction. way. To be ashamed. to be shy (kd Cf . sa hdra elan. toward) . bi h�ii mlao Transitive verb . hdrang Noun . Classifier: aruat. To make ashamed. to make shy . Belt . hdrang kdi eng Noun . Classifier: hgao Transi tive verb . To cross. aruat. Belt . to pass over . bi hgao Transitive verb . To hdruom Noun . Classifi er : boh . cross. to pass over (plural ). Bag. bi hdruSm Transi ti ve verb . To hgdr (PC: sagor 'drum'). Noun . wrap. Classifier: boh . Drum . hdruom hat Noun . Classifi er : (PC: hla 'to cry'). Intrans­ boh . hia Tobacco pouch. itive verb . To cry . hdruom hra No un . Classifi er: bi hia Transitive verb . To boh . Book . make cry . hdruom jdng No un . Classifier: boh . Shoe . hia Cf. bru hia. hduah l (PC: h duah 'to look for'). Transi tive Cf. duah. Transi tive verb . To verb . To tear. look for . bi hlek Transi tive verb . To bi hduah Transi ti ve verb . To tear (plural). look for . hip Noun . Classifier: boh . Box. hduah2 (Grammatical class member­ hlp mddng Noun . Classifier: ship not yet analysed). Oam boh . Clothes cupboard. war­ hduah bl mcah ala kfng anel . drobe .

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hiu Intransitive verb . To go , membership not yet analysed). to walk. Then , at that time (past). bi hiu Transiti ve verb . To hlak ai Adjective . Young and take for a walk . healthy . hiu ch�n In transi tive verb . To go for a walk . hlam Preposi tion . In, inside , into . hiu dl ie Intransitive ve rb . To go hunting. hlam lam Preposi tion . Inside . hiu hla p In transitive verb . hlap Transi tive verb . To play . To go for a walk. bi hlap Transitive verb . To hIn (Grammatical class member­ play . ship not yet analysed) . More Cf. hiu hlap. (comparative ). Cf. tae hla p. hjan (PAN : quza n 'rain' , PC: Noun . Classifier: huja:n 'rain' ). Noun . Classi­ hlao1 boh . fi er: arua t . Rain. Pair. hjan &huk Intransitive verb . hlao2 (PAN : qal u 'pestle ', PC: To shower . ha 1 au 'pestle '). Noun . Clas­ sifier: ge . Pounder . pestle . C f. ya n h j.a n • hlei (PC: halai 'qestion word' ). hja� Adjective . Intensive : hjan pan. Alone . Interrogative . Who? , whose? hlei po nu In terrogative. bi hjan Transitive ve rb . To leave alone . Who? (PC: liah 'to lick'). hjie Noun . Classifier: boh . hlia Granary, small storage house Transitive verb . To lap up , for rice. to lick. bi hlia Transitive verb . To hdjul (PC: sj?ju:l 'light (not make lap up something, to make heavy)'). Adjecti ve . In tensive: lick something. hdjul dhul . Light . not heavy . hlie Adjective . Odd, uneven bi hdjul Transi tive verb .. To make light , to lighten . (of number) . bi hI ie Transiti ve verb . To hla 1 (PC: suI a 'leaf'). Noun . make odd, to make uneven. to Classifier : pok. Leaf. separate . To change (money) into smaller denominations. hla kn ih Noun . Clas sifier: ge . Broom . hlIm (PC: hal im 'to dri zzle'). Noun . No grammatical cl assi fi er. hla2 No un . Classi fier: boh . Kite . Dri zzle, light rain , shower . hlIn (PAN: 1 il in 'wax candle '. hlang (PC: ral a:1)'t hatch '). PC: ral i:n 'candle, wax'). Noun. Classifier : a r ua t . Thatch. Noun . Classifier: kl0. Bee's wax . hlao Adjective . Healed, re­ covered. well . hlfn j u Noun . No gramma tical classifier. Resin . bi hlao Transitive verb . To heal . to make recover , to con­ hlong 1 (PC: salol) 'eternally'). sole . (Grammatical class me mbership not yet analysed ). Until, up hlak Conjunction . When . to . hlak anan (Grammatical class hlong lar Adjective . Eternal , forever . 44

hlong la lar Adjective . Eter­ hma (PAN: guma 'field' , PC : nal , forever . huma 'field'). Noun . Classi­ fi er: boh . Mountain rice hlong2 Noun. Classifier: boh . field. Kind of tambourine . hman Cf. ka t hman . hlo No un . Cl assifier: drei. Wild animal . hmao 1 Adjecti ve . Free, unoc­ cupied, not busy. hId rang No un . Classifier: drei . Deer. hmao 2 Transi tive verb . To hId mndng No un . Classifier: catch up with. drei. Wild animal. bi hmao Transi tive verb . To Cf. war hId. make catch up . hluat (PAN : qulej 'worm' , PC : hmang In transitive verb . To hulat 'worm'). Noun . Classi­ hope , to wish. Kao hmang kd fier: drei . Caterpillar. ih hrie chlln kd kao . 'I hope that you will come visit me .' hluat ejuar No un . Classifier: drei . Edible young newly bi hmang In trans itive verb . emerged butterfly or moth . To hope, to wish . hluat enga Noun . Classifi er : hmang hmlli Intran sitive verb . drei. Kind of large caterpillar To hope , to wish. which lives on eggplants. hmar Adjective . Fast . hluat sut Noun . Classifier : drei . Kind of hairy cater­ bi hmar Transitive verb . To pillar . make fast, to hasten. hlue Transitive verb . To fo l­ hme i (PAN : kam i 'we (exclusive)', low. To repeat after. PC : kami 'we'). Pronoun . We (exclusive) . bi hlue Transi tive verb . To make follow . To make repeat . hmlei No un . Classifier: boh . Raw cotton with seeds removed. hlue Adjective . Loose fitting. b i hI ue Transi ti ve verb . To hmo Cf. td hmd . make loose. Cf. si to hmd . haluh hluh (PC: 'perforated' ). hmok Noun . Classifier: · p ok . In transiti ve verb . To leak . Sheath (of banana, coconut , bi hluh Transi ti ve verb . To etc.). make leak . hmruh Noun . Classifier: boh . hluom Adjective . Whole (of Section' of bamboo beaten to husked rice grain ). make noise to frighten animals from field . bl hludm Transitive verb . To not break (rice) into pieces, hmtli In transitive verb . To to not hroh (rice) . hope , to wish. Kao hmlli kd ih hrie chlln kd kao . 'I hope hlun (PAN : ulun 'person, man' , that you will come visit me .' PC: hulun 'slave'). No un . Classifier: cd. Slave . Cf. hmang hmlli . bi hlun Transitive verb . To Cf. hd�C hmlli . enslave . hmtl (PC: hm�? 'to hear'). Cf. hlun mna Noun . Classifier: cd . mh�, mhd. Transitive verb . Slave . To hear, to listen to. 45

bi hm� Transitive verb . To hear, to listen to (plural ). Cf. blu bi hm�. hak (PC: hok 'to pour out'). In transitive verb . To spill . hna Noun . Cl assifier : &e . Cross­ bl hok Transitive verb . To bow . spill . hnal hang Preposition . With, to­ hnal ko { PC: sana:1 'pillow ' } . gether with . With, by means Cf. anal ko . Noun . Classifier: of. boh . Pillow. Cf. mgha hong . hn�c Adjective . Taking time to . Cf. mghap hong. b i hn�c Adjective . Taking Cf. mkap hong . time to (plural) . Cf. nga hong. Cf. t�c hn�c . hoc In transi tive verb . To hnim Noun . Classifier: aruat, whistle (kd at ). ge . Wedge for splitting wood. bi h8c In transitive verb . To whistle (kd at ). hnIng In transitive verb . To miss (kd someone). hong (PC: hOQ 'wasp' ). Noun . bi hnTng Transi ti ve verb . To Classifier: drei . Bumblebee, make miss someone . In transi tive hornet , large wasp . verb . To mi ss (kd someone) (plural). h6 No un . Classifier : boh . Boat , ship. Cf. �ngu8t hnTng. hd Noun . Cl assifier: boh . A hnoh Noun . No cl assi fier. letter of the Rhade alphabet, Streambed. h. Cf. �a hnoh . hdaI Noun . No grammatical clas­ hnua l { PC: hanu�? 'right (not si fier. None , nothing. Noun . No classifi er. left)'). hdaT mang Noun . No grammatical Right (side). classifier. Nothing . Cf. mndng hnua. hnua 2 hdap In transi ti ve verb . To yawn . hnue (PC: huni 'bee'). Noun . Cl assifier: drei Bee . bi hdap In transitive verb . To yawn (plural ). Cf. �a hnu�. hdap Adjective . Preserved with hnuor Noun . Classifier: . &e. salt , refrigerated (of food) . Fallen or felled (no longer upright ) tree . bl hdap Transi ti ve verb . To preserve with salt , to refrig­ hnuk erate (food) . hnuk �nang Adjective . Peace­ ful . hd�C hd�C hmlfi Intransitive verb . bi hnuk �nang Transiti ve verb . To wish. To make peaceful . hdoh No un . No gramma tical clas­ hngo No un . Classifier: asar. sifier. Fungus, mildew, mold. Unhusked rice grain among husked In transitive verb . To mildew, rice . to mold. ha l Parti cle . Emphatic command bi hdoh Transitive verb . To particle . cause mildew to grow on, to cause mold to grow on. 46

hdO Transitive verb . To put on, hriam Transitive verb . To to wear (shirt, upper garment ). learn. b i hdS Transi ti ve verb . To bi hriam Transitive verb . To put on (shirt, upper garment) teach. (kd someone) . hriam hra In transitive verb . To attend school, to study . hdr 1 Adjective . Hot or spicy and bitter (of eggplant, cer­ hrie Intransiti ve verb . To tain wild fruits, etc.). come . hdr 2 Transitive verb . To cook bi hrie In transitive verb . over fire. To come (plural). bi hdr Transitive verb . To hriel Noun . Classifi er : boh . cook over fire (plural). Diamond. Transitive verb . hduon To fondle . hrieng bi hdu&n Transi tive verb . To bi hrieng In transitive verb . fondle (plural ). To let (kd To speak metaphorically . someone) fondle something. klei bi hrieng No un . No gram­ ma tical classifi er . Metaphor . hra (PAN : slra(q) 'salt'). Noun . Classifier: asar. Salt . hriet Cf. e:at hriet. Cf. &�i'i hra. hrip (PAN: qiRup 'to sip' , PC : hraa Transitive verb . To hurl , sari :p 'to suck in' ). Trans­ to throw. itive verb . To absorb . To suck. To breathe in, to in­ bi hraa Transitive verb . To hale, to sniffle . hurl, to throw (plural). bi hrip Transitive verb . To hrah (PAN: iRaq 'red', PC : cause to be ab sorbed. To make mah i rah 'red'). Adjecti ve . suck. To breathe in, to inhale, In tensive: hrah hue. Red. to make sniffle . bi hrah Transi tive verb . To Cf. msei hrip. make red. hring Transitive verb . To hrai Cf. srai . Transi tive verb . string. To scatter, to throw on the bi hrTng Transitive verb . To ground. string (plural). bi hrai Transitive verb . To scatter , to throw on the ground hroh Transitive verb . To pound (plural) . (rice) in order to whiten. Cf. eTm hrai. bi hroh Transitive verb . To pound (rice) in order to whiten hra (PAN : surat 'writing' , pc: (plural) . sura (7) 'letter , book'). Noun . Classifier : . pok . Written hro Transitive verb . To insert. message. Letter of alphabet. b i h ro Transitive verb . To hra h�n th�o Noun . Classifier : insert . To represent . pok . Newspaper . hrok Noun . Classifier: boh . Cf. hriam hra. Fish trap . Cf. hdruom hra. hrong Adjective . Undisturbed, Cf. sang hra. untouched, virginal . hram Conjunction . When. bl hrSng Transitive verb . To leave undisturbed, to leave Cf. blu hram. untouched, to leave virginal . 47

hrue (pc: hure? 'rope'). Noun . hrue md ih (Grammatical class Classi fier: aruat. Vine . membership not yet analysed). Day before yesterday . bi hrue Adjective . Having many vine-like branches. hrue mgi (Grammatical class membership not yet analysed). hrue boh giet Cf. hrue giet. Tomorrow . Noun . Classifier: aruat. Gourd plant, squash plant . hrue mrue (Grammatical class membership not yet analysed ). hrue boh plei Cf. hrue plei . Yesterday . Noun . Classifier : aruat. Pump­ kin plant . hrue nam Noun . No classifier. Saturday . hrue edak Noun . Classifier : aruat . Squash plant . hrue pa Noun . No classifier. Thursday . hrue ehang Noun . Classifier: aruat. Betel pepper plant . hrue sa Noun . No classifier . Monday . hrue etak Noun . Classifier: aruat. Bean plant . hrue tlao Noun . No classifier. Wednesday . hrue eyan No un . Classifier : aruat. Kind of plant bearing Cf. yang hrue. edible fruit . hruh (PC: sruh 'swarm' ). Noun . hrue eyan phf No un . Classifier: Classifier: boh. Nest . Clas­ aruat. Ampalaya plant, bitter sifier: �e . Sheath of knife melon plant, balsam apple plant. or sword. hrue giet hrue boh giet. Cf. bi hruh In transi tive verb . Noun . Classifier: aruat. To mak e many nests. Gourd plant , squash plant . hrue hbei tao Noun . Classifier: hruIc Transitive verb . To un­ aruat. Kind of sweet potato tangle (string, vine) to use plant . for tying. hrue kmun Noun . Classifier: bi hruf� Transitive verb . To aruat. Cucumber plant . untangle (string , vine) to use for tying (plural). hrue kmun tuk No un . Classifi er : aruat. Kind of melon plant . hrung In transitive verb . To hrue krong No un . Classifier: slither. aruat. Kind of vine-like plant bi hrung Transitive verb . To used in producing gelatin. make move along the ground hrue mka i Noun . Cl assifi er : (rope) . Intransitive verb . aruat. Watermelon plant . To slither (plural ). hrue plei hrue boh plei . Cf . hrUm1 Noun . No gramma tical clas­ Noun . Cl assifi er : aruat. Pump­ sifier. Kind of leafy vegetable . kin plant . Cf. ana hrum. hrue (PAN : waRi 'day , sun' , PC: hurai 'day , sun'). Noun . No hrUm2 (PC: surum 'sheath like classifier. Day . ob ject'). Noun . Classifi er: �e . Sheath of sword. hrue dua Noun . No classifier . Tuesday . bi hrum Transitive verb . To make a sheath for . hrue ema Noun . No cl assi fi er . Friday . hrup Cf. epih hr�p . hrue kam Noun . No classifier. Sunday . hua hua (PC: hua 'to pull'). Expressive. Describes manner h rue kj uh Noun . No classifier. of dragging or pulling a long Sunday . object along the ground. 48

hua (pc: hua? 'to eat'). In­ h� In terrogative. Exclamation transi ti ve verb . To eat rice. of pain. Transitive verb . To eat (rice). hwa Noun . Classifier: drei . Kind of small grey monkey . bi hua Transitive verb . To make eat rice. In transitive Transitive verb . To rake verb . To eat rice (plural) . hwar together. hua &dng Intransitive verb . bi hwar Transitive verb . To To eat (meal including rice ). rake together (plural ). bi hua 8dng In transiti ve verb . To have a harvest party . Cf. 9 I � hwa r. hrah hul. hwak Transiti ve verb . To reach hu� Cf. into. hue Cf. �m8ng hue. bi hwak Transitive verb . To reach into (plural ). huT? Ad­ hui l (PC: 'to fear'). Cf . tIe hwak. jecti ve . Afraid (kd of) . bl huT Transitive verb . To hwie l Cf. we . Transitive verb . make afraid. to frighten . To discard . to throw away . bl hw i� Transitive verb . To hui2 Conjunction . If, whether. discard . to throw away (plural). huoh In transitive verb . To miss uway one's target. hwie2 (PAN : 'rattan' . PC : haua I 'rattan'). No un . Clas­ bi huoh Transitive verb . To sifier: aruat , &e . Rattan . } make (someone miss his target . Cf. ana hwi�. Adjective . Empty. hUdng hwir bi hudng Transi tive verb . To hw T r ko (PC: u i : r no recon­ empty. structed gloss). Adjecti ve . Dizzy. hul Transitive verb . To steam in a native steamer . hyai Cf. ana hyai. bi hul Transiti ve verb . To hyal Cf. hyal . Transi ti ve verb . steam in a native steamer. To pull up (garment) . hung Cf. ana boh tel hung . b i hyal Transi ti ve verb . To pull up (garment ) . Cf. boh te i hung . hyam Cf. ana hyam. hl11 Noun . Classifier: boh. Gum (body part ) . hyao Cf. ana hyao. Transi tive verb . To announce, hl.1n hyal Cf. hya I. Transitive verb . to say. to tell . To pull up (garment) . bi h�n Transi tive verb . To b i hyal Transitive verb . To announce. to say . to tell (plu­ pull up (garment ) . ral ) . h�n mthSo Transi tive verb . hyat Transitive verb . To To notify . tighten (one's loincloth . belt } . bi h�n mthSo Transitive verb . b I hyiit Tr ansi ti ve verb . To To notify (plural). tighten (one's loincloth . belt). klei h�n thSo No un . No gram­ hyua Transitive verb . To matical classifier. News . tighten. hra h�n thSo. Cf. bl hyua Transiti ve verb . To tighten . 49

hyu&t Cf. ydh hyuot. J

hyun Transitive verb . To pull jah ( PC: jah 'to clear brush, up ( load on one's back which weeds ' ) . Transitive verb . To has slipped down too lOw) . cut . To clear ( land) , to cut ( path, road , etc . ) . bi hy�n Transi ti ve verb . To pull up ( load on one's back bi jah Transitive verb . To which has slipped down too lOw ) . cut ( plural ) . To clear ( land) , to cut ( path , road, etc . ) ( plu­ hytlt Adjecti ve . Dizzy from ral ) . height . Afraid (kd for) , worried (kd about ) . jak ( PC : ja:k 'to invite' ) . Transitive verb . To invite . bi hy�t Transitive verb . To make dizzy. To make afraid, bi jak Transitive verb . To to frighten, to make worry . invite ( plural ) .

jal ( PAN: jala 'net', PC: ja:l 'net' ) . Noun . Classifier : blah. Net .

il Noun . Classi fier: boh . A let­ jam Noun . Classifier : boh , pok . ter of the Rhade alphabet, i. Plate. i2 In terjection . Uh ... jang Cf. mjang . Transitive verb . To share ( food, drink ) . ie ( PC: ?ai 'elder sibling' ) . bi jang Transi tive verb . To Noun . Classifier: co . Brother­ ( ) ( ) in-law : one's younger sister 's share food, drink plural . husband, sister-i n-law: one's C f. &an 9 jan9 . younger sister 's husband . Cf . jih jang. ie ekei Noun . Classifier : co . Brother-in-law : one's younger jao ( PC: jau 'to deliver ' ) . sister's husband. Transitive verb . To donate, to give . ie mn ie Noun . Classifier : co . Sister-in-law : one's younger bi jao Transitive ve rb. To brother's wife . donate, to give ( plural ) . ieng No un . No grammatical clas­ jak Adjective . Intensive : jak sifier. Something invisible jln. Good. Delicious . believed to cause tooth decay . b i j ak ( Grammatical class ) ( 7iau ) Trans - membership not yet analysed . ie& PC: 'to call' . Carefully, perfectly , well. itive verb . To call , to summon . Transi tive verb . To make good, bi ieo Transitive verb . To to improve . ( ) call, to summon plural . Cf. lac jak. ih ( PC: ha 'you ' ) . Pronoun . ( ) jeh Transitive verb . To press You singular . down contents of in order to Cf. d i i h. make more co mpact. bi jeh Transi tive verb . Noun . Classifier: &oh. To II A let­ press down contents of in ter of the Rhade alphabet, I. order to make more compact ( plural ) . I2 Cf. e. Noun . Classifi er : co. Baby, infant . je ( PC : j e? 'about to ' ) . Ad­ jecti ve . Close , near (hong to ) . Preverb . To be about to . 50

b I je Transitive verb . To move jhung2 Cf. lrm jhllng. close, to move near (hong to). jia (PC: Jla 'taxes '). Noun . j�fi j�fi Expressive. Describes No grammatical classifier . an action's oftenness or fre­ Tax. quency. Cf. tuh jia. (PAN : zaqat 'bad' , PC: jha:t jhat jih (PC: jeh 'a particle '). 'wicked, bad' ). Adjecti ve . In ­ Adjecti ve . Consumed , exhausted, tensive: jhat tut. Bad . Out finished, used up . Transi ti ve of order. verb . To consume , to exhaust, bl jhat Transitive verb . To to finish, to use up. make bad. To cause to be out bl jlh Transitive verb . To of order. consume , to exhaust, to finish, to use up . jhit (PAN : qazlt 'to sew', PC: jhl:t 'to sew'). Transitive jlh jang (Grammatical class verb . To sew. membership not yet analysed). All . bl jhTt Transitive verb . To sew (plural). jik Transiti ve verb . To hoe. jhoh Cf. kjhoh . Intransitive bl Jlk Transitive verb . To verb . To squat . make (someone) hoe . bl jhoh Transi ti ve verb . To Jl.ng Cf. mj I ng . (PC: j 91) , to make squat . become'). Adjective . Produc­ tive , thriving. Transi tive jhok Transitive verb . To dish verb . To be, to become . up, to serve . bl jlng Transiti ve verb . To b I J hok Transi ti ve verb . To make fruitful , to make produc­ dish up , to serve (plural). tive . To make become something. Ka0 b I j I n 9 Ii u J I n gsa C 8 n a I • jhong Adjecti ve . Brave , fear­ 'I make him become a teacher .' less, unafraid. Cf. cong jlng . bl Jhong Transi tive verb . To make brave , to make fearless, to make unafraid. jir Adjecti ve . Spendthrift, jho Transitive verb . To insert. waste ful . bl Jh8 Transitive verb . To bl jTr Transi tive verb . To insert . make wasteful . jhd jhd Expressive. Describes joh (PC: joh 'broken '). Cf. manner of persevering , of work­ kJoh . Adjective . In tensive: ing in spite of fati gue . joh khul . Broken (of long object), creased, folded. jhung Adjective . Long, too big (of garment) . bl joh Transitive verb . Broken (of long object), creased, bl Jhung Transitive verb . To folded. make too long, to make too big (garment) . jok Adjective . Eternal, forever . jhung jhung Expressive. Des­ bl jok Transitive verb . To cribes a garment's being too make eternal , to make last big or too long. forever. jhung 1 Noun . Classifier: boh . jong (PC: jO:1) 'axe' ). Noun. Table . Bed. Classifier: �e . Axe . 51

Cf. CTm jong . jum2 ( Grammatical class member­ ) Cf. ktuop jong . ship not yet analysed . Com­ pletely , perfectly, thoroughly . Jum leh he ih hao sang? ja Noun . Classifier: boh . A let­ 'Do ter of the Rhade alphabet, j. you understand perfectly? ' Jum leh he ih hduah? 'Did you jdng Noun . Classifier : ge . Foot, look for it thoroughly? ' leg. bi jum ( Grammatical class ) Cf. ede h wa i jdng . membership not yet analysed . Completely, perfectly, thor­ Cf. hdruom jdng. oughly ( used only in commands) . Cf. k& ii jdng . jut Noun . Classifier: aruat, �e . Cf. pIa jdng . Kind of small bamboo . Cf. yin dlong jdng. jrai No un . Cl assi fier: c8 � Mem- ber of the Jarai tribe . OJ djah1 No un . No gramma ti cal clas­ jring Noun . Class ifier : co . sifier . Garbage , refus e, waste Member of the Chring tribe. paper . j ua ( PC: j u a? 't0 t read ' ) . C f . Cf. md jah. mj ua 1. Transi ti ve ve rb . To djah2 step on. bi djah Transitive verb . To drip liquid on. bi jua Transi tive verb . To make step on something. djak Cf. dj ik jdak. Cf. kI lt jua. djam ( PC : ?jam 'food, legumes ' ) . juang Noun . Classifier: aruat. Noun . No gramma tical classifier . Leather lasso mounted on a long Food ( except rice) . stick for catching animals. djam bei sung No un . Classifier: boh . Cabbage . jue Noun . Classifier: �e . Wild banana . djam �ao Noun . No gramma tical classifi er . Cf. ana jue. Chinese parsley . Cf. ana djam bei sung. ( PC: ju:? 'black ' ) . Cf. mju. ju ana djam &ao . Adjecti ve . In tensi ve : j u tut. Cf. Black. Cf. ana mnga dj am be i sung. bi ju Transi tive verb . To Cf. esei djam. make black. Cf. go djam. Cf. ea jU. Cf. mnga dj am be i sung . hlln ju. Cf. Cf. phun djam bei sung. jum1 ( PC: Jum 'around ' ) . Adjec­ Cf. phun mnga djam be i sung. ti ve . Around. Cf. wa r djam. b i j urn Tra nsi ti ve verb . To go around , to encircle . dja ( PC : ?ja:? 'to hold' ) . Trans i ti ve verb . To carry, to jum gah gan Preposi tion . hold. To hold on to . To drive Around. ( vehicle) . bi jum gah gan Tr ansitive verb . bi dja Transitive verb . To To go around, to enc ircle. make carry something, to make jum dar Preposi tion . Around. hold something. To make hold on . To drive ( vehicle) ( plu­ b i j urn da r Transi ti ve verb . ral ) . To go around, to encircle . 52

dja kdng Transitive verb . To djhe djhe Expressive. Describes hold on to , to support (some­ manner of crying frequently or one , some thing). In transitive for a long time . verb . To hold, to support one­ self (ti on someone , something ). djhing Expressive . bi dja kdng In transitive verb . djhfng djhung To hold, to support oneself (ti Describes a garment's being on someo ne , something) (plural). too big, too loose . dja krdng Transitive verb . To djhing djhing Expressive . Des­ hold on to, to support (some­ cribes manner of limping. one, something) . bi dja krdn g In transitive verb . djhong To hold on to, to support (some­ djhong djhdt Expressive . one, something) (plural ). In ­ Describes manner of limpi ng. transiti ve verb . To hold, to support oneself (ti on someone, djho djho EXpressive. Describes something) . manner of being behind or last, of trailing. dja kual Transitive ve rb . To hold on to tightly, to support djhdt Cf. kdjhdt . In transitive firmly (someone , something). verb . To stand on tiptoe . In transitive verb . To hold tightly, to support oneself bi djhdt Transi tive verb . To firmly (ti on someone , some ­ make stand on tiptoe . thing ) . Cf. djhong djhdt . bi dja kual Intransitive verb . To hold tightly, to support djhdt djhdt Expressive . Des­ oneself firmly (ti on someone , cribes manner of limping . something) (plural ). djhung Cf . djhfng djhung. djal Adjective . Fast, quick. Immediate. (Grammatical class djhtlk Adjecti ve . Thin and membership not yet analysed) . sheer . Easily, readily (as in djal joh bi djh�k Transitive verb . To 'easily broken' ). make thin and sheer . bi djal Transitive verb . To Cf . ch iam djh�k. hasten, to make hurry , to make rush . djie Cf. mdj ie. In transitive verb . To die . djapl Transiti ve verb . To suck (as through a straw or from bi dj ie Transitive verb . To cloth) . kill . bi djap Transitive verb . To djieo Noun . No grammatical clas­ make su ck. sifier. Side . dj ie8 elan No un . No grammatical djap2 (Grammatical class member­ ship not yet analysed) . Every . classifier. Sidewalk. bi djap (Grammatical clas s Cf. ti dj ie8. membership not yet analy sed ). djiet Transiti ve verb . To Every one, without omission, squeeze contents out of, to without exception. wring . djapl Adjecti ve . Enough , suf­ bi dj iet Transitive verb . To ficient. squeeze contents out of, to wring (plural ). bi djap Transiti ve verb . To make enough , to make sufficient . djik dj ik djak Expressive . Des­ dje dje Expressive. Describes an action's quietness . cribes manner of hating , of 53

disliking. Transi tive verb . kac2 Noun . No gramma tical clas­ To dislike , to hate . sifier. Kind of skin di sease bi dj ik djak Transitive verb . affecting underside of buffalo To dislike, to hate (plural ). and cow . djol (PC: ? jau? 'correct '). Cf. kah C f. k e hi . Transi ti ve verb . mdjo. Adjecti ve . Direct, To divide . exact, right , true . Tran sitive bi kah Transi tive verb . To verb . To hit on target, to hit divide . true . kai l Transitive verb . bi djo In transi tive verb . To To dig be friendly , to get along well out . To plough . together (hong with). Trans­ b i ka i Transi ti ve verb . To itive verb . To hit . dig out (plural ). To plough djo md Tag question . (plural) . kai2 Noun . Cl assifi er : co . djo2 Tr ansitive verb . To catch, to contract (disease ). Foreman , leader of a work group . bi djo Transi tive verb . To kaih Transitive verb . To dig give (disease) (kd to someone). up with one 's hands or paws. b i ka i h Transi ti ve verb . djd Noun . Cl assifier: boh . A To letter of the Rhade alphabet, dig up with one 's hands or dj. paws (plural). kak Noun . Classifier: pok . dju Cf. mdju. Adjecti ve . Weak after prolonged illness. Identification card. bi dju Transi ti ve verb . To kal (PC: ka : 1 'to lock, to make sick, to weaken. bolt'). Cf. ka l. Transitive verb . To bolt, to lock with djue Noun . No grammatical clas­ a bar or chain. sifier. Family name . bi ka l Transi tive verb . To Cf. gap dju�. bolt , to lock with a bar or chain . djuh (pc: ?juh 'firewood '). Noun . Classifier: ge . Log. kam Cf. k�c kam. djup (PC: ?jup 'to smoke tobac­ kan Cf. boh tao kan. co '). Transitive verb . To smoke (tobacco) . To sip. kanong Noun . Classifier: ge . Cannon . bi djup Transitive verb . To (kd teach someone ) to smoke kang (PC: ka :8 Noun . (something). To give (a drink) 'chin' ). Classifier: bah . Chin. Jaw , (kd to ). jawbone .

kap Noun . Classifier: boh . Wooden rat trap . K kap kap Expressi ve . Describes ka manner of a duck's quacking. ka ... oh (PC: ka 'not yet'). Particle. Not yet . kar Transitive verb . To rake together . To filter . kac 1 Transi tive verb . To scrib­ ble on . bi kar Transitive verb . To rake together (plural). To bi kac Transitive verb . To filter. scribble on (plural) . 54

karbin Noun . Classifi er : ge . k�o kan m�o lei . 'You don't Carbine gun . have money. and I don't either . ' karat Noun . Classifier: ge . Carrot . Cf. ana karot. kapl Intransitive verb . To be Cf. phun karSt. prepared. to be re ady . bi kap Transiti ve verb . To kat In transiti ve verb . To not do something. to refuse to . to prepare . to make ready. promi se not to. kap2 Transitive verb . To greet . bi kat Intransitive verb . To to meet. to wait for . To am- not do something. to refuse to. bush. to waylay . to promise not to (plural ). bi kap Transitive verb . To ka t hman In transitive ve rb . greet . to meet . to wait for To not do something. to refuse (plural). to . to promise not to . kap 3 Transitive verb . To cut . bi kat hman Transitive verb . To not do something. to refuse kat Adjec ti ve . Thick. viscous . to . to promise not to (plural). bi kat Transi tive verb . To make thick. to thicken . to make viscous . kal l Cf. kal. Transitive verb . To bolt . to lock with a bar or kao (PAN: aku 'I'. PC : kau no chain. reconstructed gloss). Pro­ noun . I. me . b i kaI Transi ti ve ve rb . To bolt . to lock wit h a bar or kba (PAN: ta (m)baR 'without chain. aftertaste '. PC : taba 'taste­ less. flat'). Adjective . ka12 Transitive verb . To make Tasteless. (something) cross (hong some­ thing). to place (something ) bi kba Transi tive verb . To across (hong something ). make tasteless. Tr ansitive verb . bi kal To kban Noun . Classifi er: boh . make (something) cross (hong Large bridge . something) . to place (something) across (hong something). kban Cf. ngan kban . ka1 3 Noun . Classifier: ge . kbao (PAN: kebaw 'buffalo '. PC: Wooden beam supported by and kubau 'water buffalo '). Noun . ana acuor at right angle to the Cl assifier: drei. Water yong in traditional house. buffalo . karol Transitive verb . To abstain Cf. ';mo kbao . from drinking or eating. Adjec­ Cf. kJc kbao . ti ve . Taboo. bi kam Transi tive verb . To kbang Noun . Classifi er : boh . make abstain from drinking or Canal . eating. kbao (PAN : tebu 'sugarcane '. karo2 Cf. hru� kam . PC : tubau 'sugarcane '). Noun . Classifier: ge . Sugarcane . kan Cf. phun kb�o . kan . . . Iei Particle . As well. either (as in ' I don't kbia In transi ti ve verb . To either'). Ih am�o m�o prak, come out. to el!lerge . to go out . 55

bi kb ia Transitive verb . To keang (PAN: cabaQ 'forking, make come out , to make emerge , branch '). Noun . Classifier: to make go out . &e . Bifurcation, branching, forking. kbin No un . Classi fier: boh . Up ­ per part of native steamer made keao Noun . No grammatical clas­ of squash. sifier. Carpenter 's plane . Tr ansi ti ve ve rb . To plane. kblah blah. Adjective . Cf. bi k�ao Transitive verb . To Split. plane (plural ). bi kb lah Transitive verb . To split . keak (PC: k?bak 'to hang up '). Transi tive verb . To hang on kblang Cf. blang1 , mb lang. Ad­ a hook . jective . Split open. b i k�ak Trans i ti ve verb . To bi kbl ang Transi ti ve verb . To hang on a hook (plural). split open. keat Adjecti ve . Pretty , hand­ kblam Transitive verb . To take some (of human ). a mouthful of (of animal) . To bi k�at Transitive verb . To snap up . beautify, to groom, to make bi kblam Transi tive verb . To pretty , to make handsome. make take a mouthful , to make snap up something. keeh Transitive verb . To remove (foreign object from wound). kboh Noun . Classifier: boh . To immunise , to vaccinate . Heart . bi k&eh Transi tive verb . To remove (foreign object from kbram Cf. bram . Adjecti ve . wound) (plural ). To immunise ; Bruised. to vaccinate (plural). bi kbram Transitive verb . To bruise . ke�n Transitive verb . To temper with heat and cold water . kbroh Cf. brohl. Adjecti ve . bi k��n Tran sitive verb . To Shot out . temper with heat and cold bi kbroh Transitive verb . To water (plural). shoot out . kei1 Cf. kI ll kbll . kbru Adjecti ve . Fallen down , ready to topple (of plant , kein In transi tive verb . To meet tree) . (of pe ople). Transitive verb . To collect, to gather up . bi kbru Transi tive verb . To make fall down, to make topple bi k�rn Transitive verb . To (plant, tree ). meet (of people) (plural). To collect, to gather up. kbut Noun . Cl assi fi er: brt, boh . Small island. keli Adjecti ve . Thick, viscous. bi k�lr Transi ti ve verb . To kbtli Adjective . Intensive: kb�i make thick, to thicken , to bTn . Distant , far . make viscous. bi kb�i Tr.ansi ti ve verb . To make distant, to make far . keoh Cf. &Oh. Noun . Classifier : drei . Kind of wood-boring keah In transi tive verb . To be winged insect . insufficient, to be lacking . keong No un . Classifier: &e. bi k�ah Transitive verb . To Torch. make insufficient . 56

kSO� l Transitive verb . To pick bi kcao Transitive verb . To up with one 's fingers . claw , to grasp tightly in one 's fingers (plural ). bi keac In transitive verb . To pick up with one 's fingers k�a (PAN : cecak 'kind of lizard, (plural). gecko', PC : k ca? 'salamander '). kSO� 2 Noun. Cl assifie r: drei . Gecko , (PC: tu'buec 'beak'). house lizard . Noun . Classifier: Be . Bird's beak . k�arn Cf. cam. Transi tive verb . To break into small pieces by ksong Noun . Classifier: boh . Mouth. beating, to crush, to smash. bi k�am Transi ti ve verb . To ksrul Cf. ana kBrul. break into small pieces by beating, to crush, to smash ksrul Noun . Classifier: drei. (plural) . Kind of vicious orange or yel­ low wild animal similar to wild k�at Transi tive verb . To pinch . pig. bi kcat Transitive verb . To pinch (plural ). ksu 1 Noun . Classifier: boh , klo. Soap . k��n Adjective. Blunt . keu chao egei Noun . No gram­ bi k��n Transitive verb . To ma tical classifier. Toothpaste. make blunt . ksu2 Noun . No classifier. Span k�iep Noun . Classifier: pok . from tip of thumb to tip of Feathers on arrow. index finger . k�ip Cf. �ip. In transitive kaue cu?buai , tu?bua i (PC: ve rb . Husked, shelled . Trans ­ No un . No grammatical 'lip' ). itive verb . To husk (rice), classifier. Lip. to shell (nut , seed, etc.). Bah kBue. Cf. bi kc ip Transitive verb . To husk (rice), to shell (nut , ksuI� Transitive verb . To treat seed, etc.) (plural ). using native reme dies (of shaman , witch doctor, practitioner). k�ir Cf. cir. Transitive verb . bi keur� Transi tive verb . To To bore a hole in (skin of make bec ome a shaman , to make fruit) with one's fingernail become a witch doctor , to make in preparation for peeling. become a practitioner. bi kC i r Transiti ve verb . To bore a hole in (skin of fruit) ksuol Noun . Classifier: drei. with one's fingernail in prep­ Kind of small green pigeon. aration for peeling (plural ). kaUk Transitive verb . Cf. euk . k�Il No un . Classifier: blah. To style (hair) into a chignon. Cloth of pounded bark placed bi keuk Transitive verb . To on elephant 's back to protect style (hair) into a chignon. it from friction with the yang. kcah In transi tive verb . To me et k�Ing Adjecti ve . Contracted, by appointment (hong someone). wrinkled (of skin of animal or fruit ). bi kcah In transitive verb . To meet by appointment (hong some­ bi k�rng Transitive verb . To one). make contract, to make wrinkle . k�ao Transitive verb . To claw, k�oh cf. coh o Transitive verb . to grasp tightly in one's fingers. To chop fine, to mince. To type . 57

bi k�oh Transitive verb . To bi k ed Transi tive verb . To chop fine , to mince (plural). stir repeatedly. To type (plural ). kdah Adjective . Bouncing, re­ kcok Noun . Classifier: boh . Cup, bounding, released from ten­ glass. sion (as of flipped rubber band) . Intransi tive verb . kco To make bi kdah Transitive verb . To a dot . Noun . Cl assifi er: bit bounce , to make rebound, to or no classifier. Dot, period, release from tension. point . bi k�o Trans itive verb . To place a dot, period, or point on. kdat In transitive verb . To jump , to pole vault . kcoc Transitive verb . To spit bi kdat Transi tive verb . To out . make jump , to make pole vault . bi k�o� Transi tive verb . To spit out (plural) . kdao (PC: kadau 'to jump'). In transitive verb . To jump kcuh (PC: ka�us (7) 'to spit'). down from a high place. Transitive verb . To spit out . bi kdio Transi tive verb . To bi kcuh Transi ti ve verb . To make jump down from a high spit out (plural). place. kcuop Noun . Classifier: boh . kdhi Cf. adhi . Transi tive verb . Hoof. To rub , to scratch (one's body) ( hong against). kcun 1 Noun . Classifier: boh . bi kdh i Transitive verb . To Angle, corner . Bay . No gram­ rub , to scratch (on e's body ) ma tical classifier . Elbow. ( hong against ). kcun2 Cf. cun1• Noun . No clas­ kdhong Cf. dhong . Transitive sifi er. Direction, place, way . verb . To rub hard. kcun 3 Transitive verb . To draw bi kdhong Transi tive verb . up (one's legs ). To rub hard (plural). bi kcun Transitive verb . To kdit Cf. �l lt kdlt . draw up (one's or someone 's legs ) . kdlan Transi ti ve verb . To strangle . kcung Adjecti ve . Wrinkled (of cloth). bi kd lan Transitive verb . To strangle (plural). bi k�ung Transiti ve verb . To wrinkle (cloth) . kdluh In transi tive verb . To step into a hole and stumble . kcut Transiti ve verb . To startle To fall down. by touching. To knock down (fruit) with a pole. To accuse bi kdl uh Transi tive verb . To (someone ) in co urt (kd of) . make stumble , to trip. To make fall down . bi k�ut Transi tive verb . To startle by touching (plural). kdlut Adjective . Muddy . To knock down (fruit ) with a pole (plural) . To accuse (some­ bi kdl ut Transi tive verb . To one) in court (kd of) (plural ). place in a muddy place. 2 2 kctl Transi tive verb . To stir kdldh Cf. dl�h , md l�h . Trans­ repeatedly . itive verb . To make collapse, to make fall down (buildi ng, cave , table, wall , etc.). 58

bi kd l�h Transitive verb . To kEleh Adjective . Lean (not fat). make collapse. to make fall Noun . No grammatical classi­ down (building. cave . table . fi er . Body (as opposed to wall. etc.). mind) . Noun . No grammatical classifi er . Muscle . flesh. kdo In transi ti ve verb . To bi k�eh Adjective . Lean (not dance. fat) . bi kdo Transitive verb . To make dance. In transi ti ve verb . keen Noun . Classifier : boh . To dance (plural). Lamp . kdo Noun . Classifier: boh (if kEle Transitive verb . To call filled). blah (if empty). Small (dog) . bag. bi k�e Transitive verb . To kdram Adjecti ve. Imposing . im­ call (dog) (plural). pressive . intimidating. kElheh Transi tive verb . To bi kdram Transitive verb . To fillip. enhance. to make impressive . bi k�heh Transitive verb . kdran Noun . Classifier : boh . To fillip (plural). Pasture . kdhd Adjecti ve . Stationary. kdr�c Noun . Classifier: boh . still . Border. boundary . limit . Clas ­ bl k�ha Transitive verb . To sifier: &e. Section cut from make stay stationary . to make a whole. stay still. kdriAk Noun . Classifier: bft. kEli Noun . No grammatical cl as­ Division. part . portion. side. sifier. Offence. wrong zone. against another person. Cf. ba ka i . kdrok Cf. drok. Noun . Cl assifi er: &e . Splinter. kdieng Noun . Classifier: &e. kdrong No un . Classifier: boh . Finger. toe . digit. &e . Small bridge. makeshift k�ieng ana Noun . Cl assifier: bridge (tree. log. etc.). !te. Thumb . kei eng cut kdrah Noun . Clas­ kdrua Noun . Classifier: boh . Cover . lid. sifier: &e . Ring finger . k�i eng ea i Noun . Classifi er: kdung (PC: kaduQ 'pocket. &e . Little finger . pouch '). Noun . Classifier: boh . Bag. pocket . sack. wrapped ob ­ k�ieng krah Noun . Cl assifier: ject. &e. Middle finger. k�leng ktr�o Noun . Classifier: keang (PC: ca?da:Q 'crack '). &e . Index finger . Adjective . Cracked by heat . split by heat . kElip Transitive verb . To pick bi k�ang Transitive verb . up with two long objects (chop­ To sticks . sticks. etc.). To eat crack by heat . split by heat. with chopsticks . kElal1 Transi tive verb . To close. bi keip Transi tive verb . To th two long objects bi k�al Transitive verb . pick up wi To (chopsticks. sticks . etc .) close (plural ). (plural). To eat with chop­ stic ks (plural ). kEla12 Noun . Classifi er: boh . Gizzard. 59

kern Noun . Classifier : aruat , bi ke Transitive verb . To ge . Nail . make bite . keong Noun . Classifier: ge . ke Noun . No gramma tical clas­ Bird trap . sifier. Kind of rice . Cf. ana ke . keroh Transitive verb . To suck. bi kdroh Transi ti ve verb . To ke ke Expressive. Describes make suck. manner of calling dogs . kaul (PC: ka?dul 'heel'). Noun . k�C l No un . Classifier: drei . Classifier: boh . Heel. Kind of small mo squito . kS� kbao Noun . Classi fier : keuon Noun . Classifi er : boh . Fish trap . d rei . Horsefly . k�C2 keut Transi ti ve verb . To fuck with vigorous thrusts of the kS� kam No un . No gramma tical pelvis. classifier. Poison. bi kdut Transiti ve verb . To k�fi make fuck with vigorous thrusts k�n jdng No un . Cl assifier: of the pelvis. boh . Ankle bone . k�n kr8 (PC: jro 'rainbow'). Adjecti ve . ketlt Shaking (of No un . Classifier : boh . Rain­ vehicle on bumpy road) . bow . bi k dlft Trans i ti ve verb . To Cf . ana boh k�n . shake . Cf. boh kS n. keh l Cf. kah. Transi ti ve verb . Cf. akan kSn . To divide . bi keh Transitive verb . To kgarn (PC: cagam 'a span'). divide . Noun . No classifier. Span from thumb to middle finger. keh2 Adjective . Envious , jealous . kga (PC: tagak 'cleaver' ). Noun . Classifier: ge . Scythe . bi keh Adjective . Envious , jealous (plural) . kgan 1 Transitive verb . To obstruct the path of, to block kek Expressive . Describes man­ the pass age of. ner of sounding a vehicle horn once. bi kgan Transitive verb . To obstruct the path of, to block kek kek Expressive . Describes the passage of (plural ). manner of sounding a vehicle horn repeatedly . kgan2 No un . No classifier . Interior wall separating 8k keng Expressive. Describes man­ and gah in traditional house. ner of a bell 's ringing once. keng keng Expressi ve . Des­ kgAo (PC: cagau 'bear' ). Noun . cribes manner of a bell 's Classifier: drei. Bear . ringing repeatedly. kgong Transi ti ve ve rb . To kep Noun . Cl assifier: boh , ge . carry in one's mouth , to hold Hair clasp, hairpin. in one's mouth . bi kg8ng Transiti ve verb . To ke (PC: ke? 'to bite'). Cf . carry in one 's mouth, to hold mke . Transi ti ve verb . To in one's mouth (plural). bite. 60

Cf. gu kga (pc: tagu:? 'to bi khap Transi ti ve verb . To arise, to stand up ' ). In trans­ like , to love (plural). itive verb . To get up from lying position, to stand up . khat Transitive verb . To cut (small object such as rope , bi kgu Transitive verb . To string, etc.). make get up, to make stand up . bi khat Transitive verb . To kha Noun . Cl assifi er : pok . Chip cut (small obj ect such as rope , from broken object or of wood. string, et c.) (plural). No classifier. Section cut Cf. �a khat . from a whole. khe khe Expressive. Describes khak Cf. hak. In transi tive verb . manner of working alone quietly Torn op en. or slowly . bi khak Transi tive verb . To tear open. Kao bi khak ao ih khek khek Expressi ve. Describes hong m' mong kao. 'I tore your manner of cutting or hitting . shirt on my watch .' Adjective . Greedy, sel­ �a khak. kh�c Cf. fish . Noun . Classifier: co. Chinese . kham Noun . Classifier: boh . Jaw. bi khlc Adjecti ve . Unfriendly, not gettin g along well (hong khan Noun . Classifi er: co . with) . Soldier . khlc 10 Noun . Classifier: co . Japanese. khang Cf. kdho khang . (PC: kh i a? 'bunt, to Adjective . khia khat' Cut at right smell'). Adjecti ve . Burnt angle . (of food) . bi khat Transitive verb . To bi kh ia Transitive verb . To cut at right angle . burn (food) . Cf. kh it khat. khat2 khiek ' Cf. hi�k. Intransitive Cf. khut khat. verb . To be torn. bi kh i�k Transiti ve verb . To kha •.. he Particle . Although , tear . even though, in spite of. khiek2 Noun . Cl assifier: boh . khak khak Expressive . Describes Smallest kind of tambourine. manner of cutting or hitting . khik khik Expressive . Describes manner of hurting, of being painful . khang ' (PC: khal) 'hard' ). Ad­ jective . Hard, strong. khil Noun . Classifier: boh . bi khang Transi tive verb . To Shield. harden, to make hard , to make strong, to strengthen. khit ' Noun . Classifier: drei . Kind of small bee which lives khang 2 Preverb . Occasionally , in bamboo . often, sometimes. khit2 Cf. prak khang. khft khat Adjecti ve . Care­ less. khap In transi tive verb . To like, to love . Transitive verb . To khIm Adjecti ve . Serious , like , to love . silent . 61

bi khlm Transiti ve verb . To Cf. anak khua . make serious . Cf. proc khua . Transi tive verb . To fry . khua Adjective . Locked . Trans- bi kho Transi tive verb . To itive verb . To lock . fry (plural ). bi khua Adjecti ve . Locked Transi tive verb . kho2 Noun . Classifi er : co . (plural) . Member of the Koho tribe. To lock (plural). Cf. klo khua . khop Noun . Classi fi er : co. Catholic . khung Noun . Classifier : &e . Cf. ama khop . Frame of bicycle or motor­ cycle . Wooden bar used to hold kho i Cf. kdh o , ea ho . In trans­ warp in weaving with backstrap itive verb . To perspire , to loom. swe at . khut bi kho Transi tive verb . To khut khat Expressive . Des­ make perspi re, to make sweat . cribes an action's complete­ ness or definiteness. kho2 Adjecti ve . Insane . Expressive . Describes bi kho Transi tive verb . To khuk khuk make insane . manner of being completely cut off, severed. khok khok Expressive. Describes manner of cutting or hitting . khu1 Cf. joh khul. khung No un . No gramma ti cal kho (PC: tuho 'snare' ). No un . classifier. Female human sex Classi fier: boh . Kind of animal trap . organ. Adjective . Split open k ho : Q Adjec­ khtlk i khong (PC: 'dry'). or apart but still attached. tive . Dry , not rainy (of weather ) . bi khllk Transi tive verb . To split open or apart but not bi khong Transiti ve verb . To make become dry (weather) . completely detach. khtlk2 Cf. tlao khllk . khdr Cf. khdr . Noun . No gram­ matical classifier. Smell of urine . khum Adjecti ve . Smart , wise . bi khllm Transi ti ve verb . To khdk Noun . Classifier: boh . make smart, to make wise. Kind of tambourine wh ich leads group . khung Transitive verb . To hold over a fire . khdr Cf . khdr . Noun . No gram­ bi khllng Transitive verb . matical cl assifier. Smell of To urine . hold over a fire . kia Transi tive verb . To take khu Adjecti ve . Irritated (of smoke , etc . care of (animal , object, eye ) by onion, person ) . khua (PAN : tuqa 'ol d' , PC: tuha bi kia Tr ansitive verb . To 'old' ). Adjective . Mature , take care of (animal , object, ripe . Old. Noun . Classifier: person ) . co . Master, owner. Chief, kia krie Noun . Classifier : official . co . Guard. bi khua Transi tive verb . To make mature , to ripen. 62

kier Adjecti ve . Close, compact, bi kjoh Transitive verb . To dense . break . bi ki�r Transiti ve verb . To kju (PAN: kuzu(r) 'kind of move close, to make compact, lance ', PC: t ju 'lance '). to make dense . Noun . Classifier : &e . Spear . Transi tive verb . To sweep . kih kjuh (PC: tijuh 'seven' ). bi kih Transitive verb . To Numeral. Seven. sweep (plural ). Cf. hrue kj uh . kik Expressive . Describes man­ Cf. mlan kj uh . ner of sounding a vehicle horn once . kdjar Cf. ana kdjar. kik kik Expressi ve . Describes kdjak Transiti ve verb . To jerk, manner of sounding a vehicle to pull suddenly . horn repeatedly. bi kdjak Transitive verb . To kil Transitive verb . To pry jerk, to pull suddenly . open (usually small object). kdjat Adjective . Startled. bi kil Transitive verb . To pry open (usually small object) bi kdjat Transitive verb . To (plural) . startle . kim Noun . Classifier: aruat, kdjhat Noun . Classifier: drei. boh. Safety pin. Ape . king Transi tive verb . To move kdjhdt Cf. djhdt . Adjective . part of one's body close to . Standing on tiptoe . bi king Transitive verb . To bi kdjhdt Transitive verb . make (someone) move part of To make stand on tiptoe. his body close to something. kdjong Transitive verb . To kI Cf. akl. Noun . Classifier: lift , to raise. b h o . Bamboo raft . bi kdjong Transi tive verb . To lift , to raise (plural ). kIng Cf. ala kIng. Cf. la king. kdj8 In transi tive verb . To crow . Noun . No grammatical clas­ kIr bi kdj(5 Transi ti ve verb . sifier. Inherited property , To make crow. inherited money. Cf. ngan klr. kdju&t Adjective . Limp, soft , wilted. Cf. do klr. bi kdjuot Transiti ve verb . kjap Adjective . Firm, sturdy . To make limp , to make soft , to make wilt . b i kj ap Transi ti ve verb . To make firm, to make sturdy . k'kaih (PC: kakas 'scale (fish)'). Noun . Classifier: kjhoh Cf. jhoh . In transi ti ve pok . Fish scale . Dandruff. verb . To squat . bi kjhoh Transitive verb . To k'kal Adjective. Unclear (of make squat . liquid) . bi k'kal Transi tive verb . kjoh Cf. joh . Transi ti ve verb . To make unclear (liquid) . To break . k'kao {PAN : kuku 'fingernail , To bend (one's back) , to bow toenail ', PC: kukau , tukau (one 's head) . 'claw, nail (of digit)'). No un . bi k'kui Transitive verb . To Classi fier: pok. Fingernail, mak e bend over. To bend (one's toenail. back), to bow (one's head) (plural ) . k'ki (PC: tukri 'horn , antler '). Noun . Cl assi fier: &e . Horn . k'kuih (PAN: tikus 'rat' , pc : Fin. tikus, tukus 'rat'). No un . Cl assifier: drei. Mouse, rat . k'kia Transi ti ve verb . To cut (small tree, bamboo, pencil, k'kun Cf. kun . Noun . No clas­ etc.). sifier. Bolt of cloth. bi k'kia Transi tive verb . To cut (small tree, bamb oo , pencil, k'kung {PC: caku:Q 'to carry etc.) (plural) . (by several) '). Transitive verb . To carry suspended from k'kieng l In transi tive verb . To a pole (of two persons). be born. Transitive verb . To bi k'kung Transitive verb . give birth to. To make (two persons ) carry bi k'ki�ng Transi ti ve verb . something suspended from a To help give birth , to help pole . deliver . k'kung Transi ti ve verb . To pry k'kieng2 Noun . Classi fier : boh . up, to raise with a lever. Elbow. bi k'k�ng Transitive verb . To pry up , to raise with a k'kong Noun . Classi fier: boh . lever. Kind of bamboo bell for buffalo or cow. kla (PAN : sulaq 'bare , bald' ). Adjecti ve . Weak . Bare . Un­ k'ko Noun . Classifier: drei. productive , unfruitful . Kind of small bee which pro­ duc es honey . bi kla Transitive verb . To make weak , to weaken. To make k'krdt Expressive . Describes bare . To make unproductive , manner of screaching of brakes. to make unfruitful. kla ko Adjecti ve . Bald . k'kuah Transi tive ve rb . To scrape , to scratch . bi kla ko Transi tive verb . To make bald. bi k'kuah Transi tive verb . To scrape , to scratch (plural). klah (PC: paklah 'to separate, to divide' , PC : klah 'to k'kuaih Transitive verb . To loose' ). Adjecti ve . Broken scratch with one's hand . off . Odd, uneven (of number ). bi k'kua ih Transitive verb . In tra nsitive verb . To deny . To scratch with one's hand To go direc tly, to go straight . (plural) . Transitive verb . To break off. bi klah Transi tive verb . To k'kue No un . Cl assifier: boh . break off. To make odd, to Neck. make uneven . To deny (plural). To go directly , to go straight k'kuh Transi ti ve verb . To greet. (plural). bi k'kuh Transitive verb . To klah cun Transi tive verb . To make greet someone . To greet summarise . (plural) . klak Transiti ve ve rb . To cut k'kui In transitive verb . To off (bark), to skin (sugarcane ). bend over . Transi ti ve verb . 64

bi klak Transi ti ve verb . To klak2 Numeral . Ten thousand. cut off (bark), to skin (sug�r­ cane ) (plural). klam 1 Transi tive verb . To carry on one's shoulder . gulam klam (PC: 'to carry on bi klam Transitive verb . To shoulder' ). Transiti ve verb . make (someone) carry something To carry on one's shoulder. on his shoulder. To carry on bi klam Trans itive verb . To one's shoulder (plural). make (someone) carry something on hi s shoulder. klam2 Adjective . Taboo. bi klam Adjective . Taboo klan Intransiti ve verb . To stare . (plural ) . bi klan Transitive verb . To klan Noun . Cl assifier: boh. make stare . To stare (plural). Abdomen, belly. klan ala Intransitive verb . klap l Adjective . Old (of in­ To stare . animate ob ject), old but still bi klan ala Transi ti ve verb . strong (of female animal). To make stare. To stare (plu­ Faded (of colour) , wilted, ral ) . withered (of plant ). bi klap Transitive verb . To klang 1 (PAN: tula� 'bone ', PC : tula:� 'bone'). Noun . Cl assi­ make old. To make fade , to fi er: &e. Bone . make wilt , to make wither . klang gr�h Noun . Classifier: klap 2 Cf. lap. Transitive verb . &e. Rib . To fold. bi klap Transi tive verb . klang2 Adjecti ve . Clear, easy To to understand (of speech, fold . sound, etc.). klat Adjecti ve . Withdrawn (of bi klang Transitive verb . To foreskin) . make clear, to make easy to understand. b i k I at Tr ansi ti ve verb . To pull back, to withdraw (fore­ skin) . klap Noun . Cl assi fier: drei. Kind of insect which comes out of termite hills during rainy kleh l (PC: tuleh 'to untie'). season. Transitive verb . To remove , to take off (garment). kla Adjective . Correct, exact , bi kleh Transitive verb . To right . Clear, easy to under­ remove , to take off (garment ). stand (of speech, sound, etc.). Honest . kleh 2 No un . Classifi er : drei. bi kla Transi tive verb . To Woodpecker . correct, to make equal , to make exact. To make clear , to make klei l (PAN : ka l i 'to dig' , PC : easy to understand . To make ka lai 'to dig'). Transi ti ve honest . (Grammatical class verb . To di g. membership not yet analysed). bi klei Transi tive verb . To Honestly, truthfully. dig (plural ). klak 1 Transi tive verb . To cut klei2 (PAN: tal i 'string, cord' , a notch in. To cut with an PC: ta lai 'oord'). Noun . upward stroke . Cl assifi er : aruat. Rope . hi klak Transitive verb . To cut a notch in. To cut with klei3 Noun . No classifier. an upward stroke . Objective , purpose, reason . 65

Cf . rna kle i . kl ieng ala In transi tive verb . Cf. si klei . To look askance (kd at ). bi kl ieng ala In transitive klei4 (Grammatical class member­ verb . To look askance (kd at ) ship not yet analysed). A word (plural ) . wh ich occurs preceding verbs and adjectives, the resu lting klih (PC: ka lih 'miserly' ). compound functioning as a noun . Adjecti ve . Greedy , selfish . bi kl ih Transitive verb . kl�� Expressive . Describes man­ To ner of opening one 's eyes make greedy , to make selfish . clearly . Adjective . Greedy , selfish (plural ) . bi kl�c Expressive. Describes manner of opening one 's eyes klin Transitive verb . To gather clearly (plural). together, to place together . bi kl in Transi ti ve verb . klhok Cf. klok. Intransitive To verb . Abraded, cut super­ gather together, to place to­ ficiallY, scraped (of skin). gether . roh kl in. bi kl hok Transi tive verb . To Cf . abrade , to cut superficially, to scrape (skin). kli (PC: ti li 'flat (of large rocks)'). Transitive verb . klhok kl Tt Noun . No gramma ti cal To level (soil) . classifier. Abrasion , cut , scrape . bi kll Transitive verb . To level (soil) . klhuah Transitive verb . To cut off (side shoot , bark) . klil kl T I kS11 Expressive . Des­ bi kl huah Transi tive verb . cribes manner of being com­ To cut off (side shoot, bark) ple tely full . (plural) . kling Adjective . Crooked, in­ kli Noun . Classifier: co . clined, sloping. Labourer , worker . bi kl lng Transitive verb . To make crooked, to incline , to klia Transi tive verb . To flat­ ten, to level, to make flat . slope . kllng tlng In transitive verb . bi kl ia Transitive verb . To flatten, to level , to make To lean (kd on, toward). To flat . prefer (kd someone , something). bi kl lng tTng Intransitive klia Noun . Classifier : drei . verb . To lean (kd on, toward) . Kind of bird which makes a Transitive ve rb . To convince, musical cry . to make prefer , to persuade . Cf. sing kl ia. klitl (PAN : kul i t 'skin' , PC: ku l i:t Noun . No Noun . No gram mati cal 'skin'). kliang 1 gramma tical classifier classifier . Objective , purpose, (unless reason. removed from body: pok) . Skin. kl Tt jua Noun . Classifier: kliang2 Noun . Classifier: ge . boh . Sandal , thong, zori . Key. kIlt ko Noun . No grammatical classifier. Scalp. klieng Transitive verb . To aim (weapon) . Cf. klhok kI lt. bi kl ieng Transitive verb . klit2 Transi ti ve verb . To roll To aim (weapon) (plural ). up . 66

bi kI lt Transitive verb . To bi klu k Transitive verb . To roll up (plural). interchange , to mix up . klo (PC: tu lok 'round shape, klUm (PC: klum 'to cover'). spherical shape'). Classifier Transi ti ve verb . To cover (kd for rock, candy, firewood, etc . someone, something) with. Noun . No classifier. Lump . bi klum Transi tive verb . To bi klo In transitive verb . To cover (kd someone, something) become lumpy . with .

klo khua Noun . Classifier: klun Adjecti ve . Sinking. boh . Lock. bi klun Transitive verb . To klok Transitive verb . To bore sink. a hole in, to make a depression in (fallen tree). klung 1 (PAN : gulul) 'to roll ', PC : gulul) 'ro roll'). In trans­ bi klok Transi tive verb . To itive verb . To roll. bore a hole in, to make a de­ pression in (fallen tree ) (plu­ bi klung Transitive verb . To ral ) . roll. kla Adjective . Bald, bare. klung 2 (PAN : ka rul) 'bag, sac k'). Noun . Classifier: boh . Rice bi klo Transi tive verb . To bag . make bald, to make bare . klU Cf. l�. Transi tive verb . klak Cf . klhok . Adjecti ve . To set down carelessly. To Abraded, cut superficially , blame (kd someone) unjustly scraped (of skin) . for. bi klok Transi tive verb . To bi kl� Transitive verb . To abrade , to cut superfi cially , set down carelessly (plural ). to scrape (skin) . To blame (kd someone) unjustly for (plural ). klan Noun . No grammatical clas­ sifier. Cologne , perfume . klUh In transitive verb . To Cf. �a k Ion. collapse , to fall down (of building, cave , table, wall, klang Noun. Cl assifier: bit, boh . etc.). Path . bi kl �h Transitive verb . To make collapse , to make fall kId Noun . Cl assifi er : co . Slave . down (building, cave , table, wall, etc.). kId Transiti ve verb . To push . bi kId Transitive verb . To klUk Transitive verb . To raise push (plural). one edge of (shirt , blanket, etc . ) . To turn (page). kluic bi kl�k Transi tive verb . To kl uic pui (PC: talu:c 'fire­ raise one edge of (shirt , brand (plus reflex of apui )'). blanket , etc.) (plural ). To Noun . Classifier: &e. Stick of turn (page). wood with one end a glowing ember . klung 1 Expressive. Describes manner of lying of dead animal , klu (Grammatical class member­ person, or plant . ship not yet analysed) . Exactly , right (as in 'right there'). klung 2 Expressive. Describes manner of being completely kluk Cf. luk. Adjecti ve . Inter­ naked. changed, mixed up . 67

kl� Transi ti ve ve rb . To push. krnrak Noun . No gramma ti cal clas­ bi kl� Transitive verb . To sifier. Silver . push . krnrBng Noun . Classi fi er: boh . krna Adjective . Easily penetra­ Forest (di ffers from dl ie in ting some thing else. lacking dense undergrowth). bi kma Transi tive verb . To krnu In transi ti ve ve rb . To look pierc e (ti somethi ng ) with, to closely at , to peer at . make (something ) penetrate (ti something) . bi kmu Transi ti ve verb . To make look closely at , to make krnah (PC: caramah 'generous '). peer at. To look closely at , Adjective . Generous . to peer at (plural) . bi kmah Adjective. Generous krnuot No un . Classifier: drei . (plural) . Intestinal worm. krnang 1 Intransitive verb . To be krnun (PAN : timun 'melon , cucum­ absorbed, to be engrossed (kd ber' , PC: timDn 'melon'). Noun . in) . Cl assifi er : boh . Cucumber. kmun tuk Noun. Classifier: krnang 2 Noun . Classifi er : boh . Rooster comb, erect scales along boh. Kind of melon . spine of dragon or dinosaur . Cf . hrue kmun . Cf. hrue kmun tuk. krnao Noun . Classifier: boh . Rooster comb . krnut (PC: t mut 'hammer '). Noun . Classifier: boh , ee . krneh (PC: tumeh 'pillar, post'}. Noun . Classifier: ee . House Hammer . post . kna In transitive verb . To lean. Transi ti ve verb . To lean. krnha (PC: tumaha 'parent-in-law' ). Noun . Classifier: co . Father­ bi kna Transitive verb . To in-law , mother-in-law . lean . krnhe 1 Noun . Classifi er : pok . knai No un . Cl assifier: co . Scab . Cousin: one's mother 's brother 's son . kmhe ruih Noun . Cl assifier : pok. Scale from ringworm . Cf. adam knai . Cf. dam kna i . krnhe 2 Cf. amhe . Noun . Classifier: drei . Otter . knaih Noun . Cl assi fi er: boh, ee . Pliers . krniek Transitive verb . To em­ brace, to hug . knal Transitive verb . To rec­ bi kmi�k Transitive verb . To ognise . make embrace someone, to make hug some one . To embrace, to bi kna l Transi tive verb . To hug (plural ). make (someone) recognise (hong someone , something) . krnlaI Adjective . Bright , spark­ ling. knarn (PC: gun�m 'cloud' , PC : kanam 'dark' ). Noun . No gram­ bi kmlal Transi ti ve verb . To ma ti cal cl as sifier . Black brighten, to make bright , to cloud . Adjective . Cloudy . make sparkle . bi knam Adjecti ve . Cloudy and rainy . krnla No un . No grammatical clas­ sifier. Lightning. 68

knang In transitive verb . To Cf. hla kn ih. lean . To rely on. knong (Grammatical class member­ bi knang Transiti ve verb . To ship not yet analysed). Mere . lean (something) (tl on). To only . rely on (plural). knang ea Noun . Classifi er : � e . kno (PC: tano 'male' ). No un . Bamboo or iron water pipe . Classifier : dre i . Male animal . kno kut Noun. Classifier: d re i . kna (PAN : tanek 'to cook'. PC : Old but st ill strong and mean tan�? 'to cook'). Transi tive male (of bull or buffalo). verb . To cook (rice). bi kna Transitive verb . To knok l Adjective . Overdoing. cook (rice) (plural). exc eeding limits set for one­ self. knam Adjective . Able . impres­ bi knok Transi ti ve verb . To sive. self-confident . well­ make overdo . to make (someone) qualified. exceed limits set for himself. bi knam Transi ti ve verb . To make able. to make impressive. knok 2 Cf. ana knok. to make self-confident. to make well-qualified. knua 1 Transi ti ve verb . To hit with a large object. Noun . Classifier: aruat. knat bi knua Transitive verb . To �e . Tender young plant part . hit with a large object (plu­ ral ) . kneh Cf. ana kneh . knua2 No un . Classi fier: &e . kne Adjective . Stealing fre­ Oar . paddle . quently. bi kne Adjective . Stealing knuah Noun . Cl assifier: boh . frequently (plural). Transitive Dipper . verb . To make steal . knua Cf. brua knua . knhal Noun . Cl assifi er : brt. Cuff. edge. hem. border (of knur Adjecti ve . Sharp pOinted . anything) . bi knur Transitive verb . To knhal tuic Noun . No gramma tical sharpen to a point . classifier. End. last part . Conjunction . Finally . kfie Cf. ana kne.

kfihal In trans itive verb . To exert great effort in running. knhao Adjecti ve . In tensive: walking. etc . knhao knhak. Clever. skillful . bi knha l Transi ti ve verb . To bi knhao Transi tive verb . To make exert great effort in make clever. to make skillful . running. walking . etc. knhia Adjecti ve . Narrow. knhak Adjective . Unconscious due to illness. bi knhia Transi ti ve verb . To make narrow . bi knhak Adjecti ve . Uncon­ scious due to illness. knieng Noun . Classifi er: �e. Areca palm . kfiI (PAN : kun ij 'turmeric '. PC : k ni? 'yellow'). Adjective . kniet Noun . Classifier: �e . Bow Yellow. of crossbow. bi knr Transitive verb . To make yellow. knih No un . Classifier: �e. Kind of bamboo spade . Cf. ala knr. 69

knue Adjecti ve . Disgusted by kong Adjective . With ends bent an unpleasant smell. upward. bi knue Adjecti ve . Disgusted bi kong Transitive verb . To by an unpleasant smell. bend, to curve . kong dar Noun . Cl assifier : knga (PAN : ta l iQa 'ear' , PC: boh , se . Rotating noisemaker tariQa 'ear'). Noun . Classifier: for scaring away birds. pok. Ear . Cf. abao knga . kok Noun . Classifier: drei . Kind of white bird which catches kngam Adjective . Sinking. fish . bi kngam Transitive verb . To kong (PC: kO :Q 'bracelet'). make sink , to sink. Noun . Classifier: boh . Brace­ let . kngan (PAN : taQan 'hand' , PC : t a Q a : n ' han d ' ). No un . CIas - Cf. ea kong . si fier : se. Hand. k6 (PC: ko: ? 'white'). Adjec­ Cf. pIa kngan . ti ve. Intensive: k� bhung . White . kngal (PAN : beQe I 'deaf'). Ad­ jecti ve . Deaf . b i k8 Transi ti ve verb . To make wh ite . bi kngal Transitive verb . To make deaf, to deafen . kd1 Noun . Classifier: boh . A letter of the Rhade alphabet, knguor (PC: caQua 'flat basket '). k. Noun . Classifier: boh . Win­ nowing basket . kd2 (PC: ga 'for, at '). Prep­ osition . For , of, to, toward. kngtl Adjective . Inclined, steep. Noun . Classifier: boh . Hill . Cf. el�o kef. bi kng� Transitive verb . To Cf. truh kef. incline, to make steep. kd3 Noun . Classifier: . pok . koh (PC: ko h 'to shorten, to Flag . cut off'). Transitive verb . Cf. gdng kef. To cut (bamboo, small tree) . bi koh Transitive verb . To kdh Particle . Then (as in 'if cut (bamboo, small tree) (plu­ ...• then ...'). ral ) . kdho Cf. e 2 ho , khol. Intrans ­ kOI Cf. ako . No un , Classifier: itive ve rb . Intensi ve : kefho bo h . Head . khang. To perspire. to sweat . Cf. anal ko . bi kefho Transiti ve verb . To make perspire, to make sweat . Cf. hnal ko . Cf. kla ko . kdieng (PC: ka ?iaQ 'loins'). Noun. No gramma tical cl assifier. Cf. hWlr ko . Hip. Cf. kIlt ko . Cf. hdrang kefi eng. ko2 Adjective . Thick, viscous . kdk Expressive. Describes man­ bi ko Transi tive verb . To ner of a dog's crying in pain. make thick, to thicken, to make viscous . kdng Expressi ve. Describes man­ ner of hitting a hard object. kok kok Expressive. Describes manner of a female chicken or kd:di In transitive verb . To turkey's clucking. belch, to burp . 70

bi kd:dl Transi ti ve verb . To k�t (PAN : (t)uud 'knee ', PC: make belch, to make burp. To tu?u: t 'knee '). No un . Clas­ belch, to burp (plural ). si fier: boh . Knee. kor Transi ti ve verb . To brush kdy�O (PAN : kayu 'tree , wood ', away . PC : ka i au 'tree'). Noun . Cl assifier: �e . Tree . bi kdr Transi tive verb . To brush away (plural). Cf. ana kdyao. Cf. ana kdyao kr8. korah Noun . Classifier : boh , �e . Ring. kdyua Cf. k4i �ng cut kdrah. kdyua dah (PC: ka iua 'be­ cause '). Conjunction . Be- k�ram (PAN: ka (r)am 'to sink', cause . PC : karam 'sunk'). Adjecti ve . Sinking. kdk Cf. 4u8m kdk . bi kdram Transi tive verb . To make sink , to sink. kdng Transi tive verb . To de­ tain , to stop . k�rao l Intransitive verb . To bi kdng Transi ti ve verb . To sigh while sleeping. detain, to stop . bi kdrao Transi tive ve rb . To Cf . dja kctng . make sigh while sleeping . kpa Noun . Cl assifier: drei . korao2 Noun . Classi fi er : drei . Kind of flat turtle . Kind of bird. kpaih (PAN : kapas 'cotton, k�r�c Noun. Classifier: drei . fibre ', PC: kapa :s 'cotto n' ). Woodpecker. No un . No grammatical classi fier. Raw cotton . kdUh Adjecti ve . Hot. Cf . ana kpaih. bi kduh Transi ti ve verb . To phun kpaih. heat , to warm, by exposing to Cf. heat source or by covering kapa \ with blanket, etc . kpal (PAN : 'thick', PC: kapa:\ 'thick'). Adjective . Thick. k�ul bi kdu \ Adjecti ve . Nauseous . bi kpa l Transitive verb . To make thick. k�:ii (PC: ka?u:? 'worried, sad' ). Intransitive verb . To be kpan (PAN : papan 'board', PC: worried. papa :n 'plank, wooden bed' ). Noun . Classifier: �e. Long bi kd: u Intransiti ve verb . To thick board used in ceremonies be worried (plural ). Trans­ as bench for musicians. itive verb . To make worry . kpafi No un . Classifier: blah. k�l Transitive verb . To cook Warp in weaving . (vegetables) a short time in a little water. kpang Cf . ana kpang . bi kdu \ Transiti ve verb . To cook (vegetables) a short time kpa (PAN : (t)epa t 'right, cor­ in a little water (plural ). rect ', PC : tupa? 'straight, right '). Adjective . Straight . kdiim Transitive verb . To roast Honest . under coals (meat or fish wrap­ hi kpa Transitive verb . To ped in leaves) . make straight , to straighten . bi kdum Transitive verb . To To make honest . (Grammatical roast under coals (meat or fish class membership not yet an­ wrapped in leaves) (plural ). alysed) . Honestly , truthfully. 7 1

kpan Noun . Cl assifier : boh . bi kplak Transitive verb . To Uterus (especially after de­ jerk , to pull suddenly (plural ). livery ) . kpok Cf. pok2• Adjecti ve . kpat (PC: capat 'to grasp'). Opened . Intransitive verb . To clench bi kpok Transitive verb . To one's fist . Transi ti ve verb . To grasp in one's hand or fist. open . bi kpat Transi ti ve verb . To kpdng Noun . Classifier: ge . clench one's fist (plural). Stump of plant, stump of tree. To make (someone ) clench his fist. kpre Cf. pre. No un . Classifier: ge. Brake . kpei l (PAN : ta (m} pi 'to winnow' ). Cf. �4a i kpre. Transi ti ve verb . To sift by shaking from a basket. kpr�n Adjective . Curly, wrink­ bi kpei Transi ti ve verb . To led . sift by shaking from a basket bi kpr�n Tra nsi tive verb . To (plural). curl , to make curly, to make wrinkled, to wrinkle. kpei2 (PAN : tapay 'to ferment ', tupai No un . Clas­ PC : 'yeast '). kpriap Noun . Classifier: drei . sifier: asar, boh . Yeast used Kind of very large roach having in producing rice wine . long antennae . ph� . Noun . Classifier: kphe Cf. kpungl Noun . Classifier: ge. asar. Coffee bean. No gram­ Crosspiece of crossbow . ma tical classifi er . Coffee . Cf. ana kph�. kpung2 Cf. 9&0 kpung. ea kphe. Cf. kpijng (PAN : (t)epuQ 'flour , meal', PC: tupuQ 'flour' ). kpie (PC: tapa i 'alcohol, rice Noun . No grammatical classifier. wine'). No un . No grammatical Flour . Cl assi fier: ge. Bread. classifier . Alcoholic drink, wine. kpun Intransitive verb . To reach. kpin Noun . Classi fier: blah. Loinc loth . bi kp�n Transitive verb . To make reach something. kpit (PAN : ka (m}pit 'to hold together, to squeeze ', PC: kapit kptl In transitive verb . To move . 'to pinch , to press'). Trans­ bi kp� Transiti ve verb . To itive verb . To squeeze in one 's move . hand. bi kpi t Transitive verb . To kra (PC: kra 'monkey'). Noun . squeeze in one's hand (plural) . Classifier: drei . Monkey . To make (someone ) squeeze some­ thing in his hand . krah l (PC: krah 'midst'). Cf . mkrah . Noun . No gramma tical kpi Cf. gie kpT. cl assifier. Middle . krah wa h No un . No grammatical kplac Adjective . Broken, burst classifier. Very middle, very (of blister, skin of cooked centre . vegetable) . Cf. k4i�ng krah. bi kplac Transi tive verb . To break, to burst (blister, skin Cf. ti krah. of cooked vegetable ). Cf . ti krah wah. kpl� Transi ti ve verb . To jerk, to pull suddenly . 72

krah2 (pc: tarah no reconstruc ­ krap2 In transitive verb . To ted gloss). Transi tive verb . cower, to lie down in order to To level (rough surface) with hide or protec t oneself. a knife. bi krap Transitive verb . To bi krah Transi tive verb . To cower . to lie down in order to level (rough surface) with a hide or protect oneself (plural ). knife (plural). To make cower. to make (someone) lie down in order to hide or krah 3 Noun . Classifi er: �e. protect himself. Arrowhead. krax kraih1 Transi ti ve verb . To turn krak tang Noun . Classifier: (rice drying in the sun) . drei. Kind of poisonous snake having bright coloured bands . bi kra ih Transi tive ve rb . To turn (rice drying in the sun) . kral Expressive. Describes being easily broken, easily cut. kraih2 Adjective . Clear, easy to understand (of speech, sound, kram Transitive verb . To in­ etc .) . cubate , to sit on (egg). bi kraih Transi t ive verb . To bi kram Transitive verb . To make clear, to make easy to make incubate, to make (bird) understand . sit on its eggs . Noun . Classi fier : drei . krak Adjective . Numb , paralysed . Kind of frog having ro ugh poison kran skin. bi kran Transitive verb . To make numb , to paralyse. kral Transitive verb . To recog­ nise. krap Adjective . Closed tightly . Transitive verb . To close bi kral Transi tive verb . To (one 's mouth) . recognise (plural) . To make recognise someone . bi krap Transiti ve verb . To close (someone's mouth). kram (PC: kra:m 'bamboo'). Noun . Classifi er: �e. Kind of thorny krap krap Expressive. Describes bamboo. manner of chewing a crisp ob­ ject. kran Transitive verb . To tie securely with plenty of string. krat krat Expressive . Describes manner of chewing a crisp ob­ bi kran Transitive verb . To ject. tie securely with plenty of string (plural). kreh Adjective . Diligent, hard­ working, industrious . krang Noun . Classifi er : boh . Kind of conical woven bamboo bi kreh Transi ti ve verb . To fish net . make diligent , to make hard­ working, to make industrious. krao Noun . Classifier: drei . Kind of bird. krern Noun . No gramma tical clas­ si fi er . Cream . Classifier: &e , krap l Transitive verb . To brace. kla. Ice-cream bar. to clamp, to secure between two long objects, to apply splints kret kret Expressive. Describes to. manner of dragging a hard ob­ ject along the ground. bi krap Transitive verb . To brace. to clamp . to secure kre Noun . Classifier: �8 . Great­ between two long objects. to great-grandchild, one's great­ apply splint s to. great-grandchild's husband, Cf. gi� krap. one's great-great-grandchild's wife . 7 3

kr�cl Transi tive verb . To chop Cf. ana krih. into pIeces, to cut . krim Noun . No grammatical clas­ b i kr�c Transi ti ve verb . To sifier . Thick roll of fat chop into pieces, to cut. around neck of buffalo . No un . Classifier: drei . kr�c2 krinl Noun . Classifier: bft. Kind of bird . Area of tree trunk rubbed bare by an animal 's scratching. kr�fil (PC: kren (?) no recon­ Adjecti ve . structcd gloss). krin2 No un . No gramma tical clas­ Angry , irritable . sifier . Kind of scaly , itchy, bi kr&n Adjecti ve . Angry , watery skin disease. irritable (plural). Transitive verb . To anger, to make angry. krip No un . Classifier: pok . Crust of cooked rice. kr�fi2 Cf. kro kr�n. krit krit Expressive . Describes kri Adjecti ve . Messy, uncombed, manner of dragging a hard ob ­ unkempt (of hair ). ject along the ground. bi kri Transitive verb . To krIk l No un . Classifier: boh , se . make me ssy (hair). Auto jack . kria Transi ti ve verb . To chop krIk2 Cf. kruk krfk . up (tree) . bi kr ia Transitive verb . To krIng Noun . Cl assifier : boh . chop up (tree) (plural ). Area , direction , place, vic­ inity, way . kriang Adjective . Diligent , hard-working, industrious . krIp Adjective . Closed tightly. Transitive verb . To close . bi kriang Transitive verb . To make diligent , to make hard­ bi krfp Transitive verb . To working, to make industrious . close . krie Transi tive verb . To take krIt krIt Expressive . Describes care of (person). an action 's slowness.

bi krie Transitive verb . To kroh Transitive verb . To rub take care of (person) (plural) . hard, to scrub . Cf. kia krie. bi kroh Transitive ve rb . To rub hard , to scrub (plural ). kri�p Adjective . Quiet . Cf. boh kroh . bi kr iep Transitive verb . To quiet . krot krot Expres sive . Describes manner of chewing a crisp ob­ krih l Trans itive verb . To pour, ject. to sprinkle (water) (ti on a plant , or on clothes before krok krok Expressive . De scribes ironing) . manner of a female chicken or bi krih Transitive verb . To turkey calling her young . pour , to sprinkle ( water) (ti on a plant, or on clothes be­ krong l In t ransitive verb . To fore ironing). stay up late. krih ea Transitive verb . To bi krong Transi ti ve verb . To water. make stay up late. bi krih ea Transitive verb . krong 2 No un . Classifier: boh . To water (plural). Kind of animal trap . krih2 Noun . Classifier: boh . krong 3 Noun . Classifier : aruat. Lotus flower . 74

Stem of a kind of vine-like kru�2 Noun . Classifier : boh . plant used in producing gelatin. Spinning wheel. hrue krong . Cf. kruh Transi ti ve ve rb . To burn completely. kro (PC: kro 'dry ' � . Adjecti ve . Intensi ve: kro kren . Dry . bi kruh Transitive verb . To burn completely (plural). bi kro Transi tive verb . To dry (fish, meat , wood) . kruk Transitive verb . To call Cf . ana kdyao kro. (chicken) . Cf. k�ii kro. bi kruk Transitive verb . To teach to call chickens. krong Cf. ea krong . krurn Noun . No grammatical clas­ krd Noun . No grammatical classi ­ sifier. Space under house . fi er . Gonorrhea. krut krut Expressive. Describes krdt krdt Expressive . Describes manner of gnawing. manner of gnawing . kru1 Transi ti ve verb . To up­ krd Cf. krii. Transi ti ve ve rb . root , to loosen soil from roots To place in a cage or enclosure, of in order to topple or carry to jail , to imprison . away. Adjecti ve . Uprooted. bi krd Transitive verb . To bi kru Tr a nsi ti ve verb . To place in a cage or enc losure , uproot, to loosen soil from to jail, to imprison (plural ). roots of in order to topple or carry away . To lift (heavy krdl Expressive. Describes object) . being easily broken , easily cut . kru2 In transi ti ve verb . To miss (kd someone) . Transitive verb . krdng To hold bi kru In transi tive verb . To steady, to hold still. miss (kd someone) (plural) . bi krdng Transi ti ve verb . To hold steady, to hold still . kru3 Intransi ti ve verb . To fight (kd for the sake of) . Cf. dja krdng . bi kru In transitive verb . To krua (PAN: ku (r)a 'turtle ', PC: fight (kd for the sake of) (plu­ kura 'turtle '). Noun . Classi ­ ral ) . fi er: drei. Kind of large turtle . kru4 Noun . Classifier: drei . Kind of wild animal which re­ krue Cf. ana boh krue ceii. sembles buffalo and lives in herds . Cf. ana boh krue dung. Cf. ana krue. kruk kruk krfk Adjective . Rough . Cf. ana krue c�n . bi kruk krfk Transitive verb . Cf. boh krue. To make rough, to roughen, to Cf. boh krue dung. make uneven. boh krue ceii. Cf. krUm Noun . No gramma tical clas­ si fier . Dye made from indigo kru�l Noun . Classi fi er : co . plant . Great-great-great-grandchild, one's great-great-great-grand­ Cf. ana krum. child's husband, one's great­ Cf. phun krum. great-great-grandchild's wife . 75

krlin In transitive verb . To bear grammati cal classifier. Ocean, down or strain in defecating sea. or giving birth . Cf. ea ksL bi krun Transitive verb . To make bear down or strain in Cf. hang ksL defecating or giving birth. ksoh Transitive verb . To insert something into (hole , pipe , krup krup Expressive. Describes manner of tiger's eating. etc.) in order to unclog it or drive out an animal . krtlc Transitive verb . To look b i ksoh Transi ti ve ve rb . To for carefully among many ob­ insert something into (hole , jects. pipe , etc.) in order to unclog it or drive out an animal (plu­ kn/c Transitive verb . bi To ral ) . look for carefully among many objects (plural) . kso (PC: k so? 'lung' ). Noun . Classifi er: boh . Lung. krUh Adjective . Brave , fear­ less, unafraid. ksoc Cf. soC . Adjective . bi kr�h Transitive verb . To Raveled, unstrung, removed from make brave , to make fearless, a hole, withdrawn . to make unafraid. bi ksoc Transiti ve verb . To ravel (thread), to unstring, krtl Cf. krd. Transi tive verb . to remove from a hole , to with­ To place in a cage or enclosure, draw . to jail , to imprison. bi kr� Transitive verb . To ksdih1 In transitive verb . To place in a cage or enclosure, pant . to jail , to imprison (plural). bi ksdi h Transi ti ve verb . To make pant . ksak Cf. sak. In t ransitive verb . To slide . kSdih2 In transitive verb . To bi ksak Transitive verb . To hum . make slide . b i k sdi h Transitive verb . To make hum. ksa (PC: tisa? 'ripe'). Adjec- tive. Ripe . Cooked. ksdk Noun . Classifier: drei . bi ksa Transitive verb . To Gho st, spirit . make ripe , to ripen. To cook kSdk mt�o Noun . No gramma tical completely . classifi er . Ghosts , spirits, supernatural beings in general . ksam Noun . Classifier: aruat . Stem of edible plant which grows ksu Noun . No grammatical clas­ in wet plac es . sifier . Rubber. Classifier: Cf . ana ksam . aruat. Rubber band. Cf. ana ksu. ksao (PAN : susu 'breast ', PC : tisau Noun . Clas­ 'breast '). ksua (PC: kasua 'porcupine'). si fier: boh . Breast . Noun . Classifier: drei. Porcu­ pine. ksi (PAN : sisi(r) 'comb , harrow ', kasi , tasi Noun . PC: 'comb'). ksua Adjective. Stretched (of Classifier: se. Comb . garment , rubber band, etc.). ksir (PC: tasi:r 'hand of ban­ bi ksua Transitive ve rb . To anas'). Noun . Cl assifier: boh . make expand, to stretch. Hand of bananas . ksue Cf. sue . Adjective . Pulled ksi (PAN: tasik 'sea , saltwater', out . PC: tasi? 'sea' ). Noun . No 7 6

ksuh Transi tive verb. To breathe kt�o a s ao No un . Classifier : out , to exhale . To blow into drei . Flea. (a straw, musical instrument ). kteh Transi ti ve verb . To dec­ bi ksuh Transitive verb . To orate, to embroider (ends of make breathe out , to make ex­ loincloth) with beads . hale. To blow into (a straw, musical instrument ) (plural). bi kteh Transitive verb . To decorate, to embroider (ends ksUk Cf. s�k. Adjective . Pul­ of lOincloth) with beads (plu­ led up (of pants, shirt , skirt). ral ) •

bi ks�k Transitive verb . To kthiat No un . Classifi er : boh . pull up (pants, shirt , skirt). Infection. ktah In transiti ve verb . To shake bi kthiat Adjective . Having its shoulde rs (of untamed ele­ many infections. phant ) . Cf. ala kthiat. b i k tah Transi ti ve verb . To make (elephant) shake its kthih Cf. ana kthih. shoulders . kthuat Noun . Classifier : bTt. ktan Cf. tan. In transitive verb . Wart . To open one's eyes wide . bi kthuat Adjective . Having bi ktan Transi tive verb . To many warts . make (someone ) open his eyes wide . kti Noun . Cl assifier: pok . Decorative border of blanket, ktang (PC: k ta :� 'strong'). loinc loth, shirt , etc . Adjective . -S trong. Loud . ktia Noun . Classifier: drei . bi ktang Transi tive verb . To Parrot . make strong, to strengthen . To make loud. ktit1 Transitive verb . To screw, to unscrew (a screw) . To turn ktar Transiti ve verb . To bore on. a hole in, to drill with a drill tool. bi kti t Tr ansitive verb . To screw, to unscrew (a screw) bi ktar Transi tive ve rb . To (plural ) . To turn on (plural) . bore a hole in, to drill with To make screw something, to a drill tool (plural ). make unscrew something , to make turn on something. ktat Noun . Classifier: boh . Chicken's nest . ktit2 (PC: kati t 'to crush'). Transi tive verb . To fall on ktak (PC: katak 'sap'). Noun . and mash or pinch. To run over No gramma tical classifier. (of vehicle ). Tree sap . b i k tit Transi ti ve verb . To bi ktak Adjective . Having mash or pinch (someone) (hong much sap . with) . To run over (of vehicle). (PAN : gate l- 'to itch', PC: ktal ktI (PAN : peTik 'to pick, to katal Adjective . 'itchy'). pluck '). Transi tive ve rb . To Itchy . pinch off, to cut off with bi ktal Transi ti ve verb . To one's fingernail. make itch. bi ktT Transitive verb . To pinch off , to cut off with ktao (PAN : kutu 'louse'. PC: one 's fingernail (plural ). kutau 'louse '). Noun . Clas­ sifier: drei . Head louse. ktIr Cf . gTr ktTr. 77

ktit Noun . Classifier: boh . ktrei (PC: ka tri 'scissors '). Woven bamb oo container for Noun . Classifier: ge. Scissors . drying fi sh or meat . ktro Adjective . In tensive: ktro ktlah Cf. mtlah, tlah. Adjec­ Pit. Heavy . tive. Cut off, pulled (of off bi ktro Transitive verb . To branches and leaves), separ­ make heavy , to weigh down . ated (of objects which belong together) . ktro mlo Adjective . Slow and heavy . bi ktlah Transi tive ve rb . To cut off, to pull off (branches Cf . phao ktuang . and leaves), to separate (ob­ ktuang jects which belong together). ktue Noun . Classifier: boh . Anthill. ktleh Transitive verb . To rub with on e's finger, to scratch ktue 1 Transi ti ve ve rb . To fol­ with one's finger . low (person, path , bridge, bi ktle h Transitive verb . To etc . ). rub with one 's finger , to bi ktue Transitive verb . To scratch with one's finger (plu­ fo llow (person, path , bridge , ral ) . etc.) (plural). Transi ti ve verb . To crave , to desire . ktldt In transi tive verb . To hop. bi ktue Transiti ve verb . To bi ktl�t In transitive verb . make crave , to make desire . To hop (plural ). Transi tive verb . To make hop . ktue 2 Transitive verb . To read. ktltl In transi tive verb . To bi ktue Transitive ve rb . To spill . read (plural) . bi ktl � Transi tive verb . To ktuh Cf. tuh . Transi ti ve verb . spill . To shake out the contents of. kt&fi Cf. ana kton . bi ktu h Transi tive verb . To shake out the content s of (plu­ Cf. phun kton . ral ) . ktdr (PC: katar no reconstructed ktuh eyuh Transitive verb . To gloss). Noun . Cl assifier: bo h . shake out the contents of. Corn . ktuop Noun . Classifier: drei. ktdng 1 Adjective . Boiling . Grasshopper. Running (of machine , motor , ktuop jong Noun . Classifier: etc . ) . drei . Praying mant is . bi ktdn g Transi tive verb . To boil . To start (machine, motor, ktur Transitive verb . To mark etc.). by pressing heavily on . bi ktur Transiti ve verb . To ktdng 2 Cf . ana ktdng . mark by pressing heavily on (plural). ktrao 1 Transitive verb . To point at . ktung (PC: ka tuQ 'to pull'). bi ktrao Transitive verb . To Transitive verb . To pull . point at . bi ktung Transitive verb . To Cf. k4ieng ktrao. pull (plural ). ktrao2 (PC: katrau 'pigeon' 1. ktut (PAN : ke (n}tut 'flatulence', No un . Classifier: drei . Kind PC: kutuk 'flatus ventrus '). of small grey or wh ite pigeon . Noun . No grammatical classifier. Fart , flatulence. In transitive verb . To fart . 7 8

bi ktut Intransi tive verb . bi kual Transi tive verb . To To fart (plural ). make hold on. In transitive verb . To hold on (plural). In transitive verb . To shake , ktd Cf. dja kual . to tremble. Transi tive verb . To fall on. kuat Adjecti ve . Bent. bi kt� Transitive verb . To shake , to make tremble . To bi kuat Transitive verb . To fall on (plural). bend . kue Transitive verb . To pick ku Adjective . Bent over. Trans­ up . itive verb . To bend over (one's back, head , etc.). bi kue Transitive verb . To pick up (plural ). bi ku Transi tive verb . To make bend over. ku�n (PC: kuan 'gibbon '). Noun . kua :c Classifier: drei . Kind of kuac (PC: no reconstructed small monkey. gloss). Transi tive verb . To claw , to scratch with one 's fingernails. kuh kuh �man No un . Classifier: bi kuac Transi tive verb . To ge . Kind of sharp prod for claw, to scratch with one 's controlling elephant . fingernails (plural). To make claw, to make (someone) scratch kui Transitive ve rb . To twist something with his fingernails. (rope). To braid (hair) . bi ku f Transirl;i ve verb . To kuai Transi tive verb . To dig up vigorously with one's hands or twist (rope) . To braid (hair) . paws. kuk No un . No gramma tical clas­ b i kua i Transi tive verb . To sifier . Buttocks of female dig with one's hands or paws human (children 's speech) . (plural) . To make dig up vig­ orously with hands or paws. kul Transitive verb . To bite off (food) . kuai tian In transitive verb . To feel a patient 's abdomen, to bi kul Transitive verb . To palpate (Of doctor). make bite off something . To bite off (food) (plural) . kuak Transitive verb . To pick up in hands cupped together . kun Cf. k'kun . Noun . No clas­ sifier. Bolt of cloth. bi kuak Transiti ve verb . To pick up in hands cupped to­ gether (plural) . To make pick ku6ih (PC: kuah 'to scrape, to up something in hands cupped shave'). Trans i ti ve verb . To together . shave . bi ku8ih Transi tive ve rb . To kuan Transitive verb . To choose, shave (plural). To shave (some­ to pick out , to select, and one else 's face ). claim as one's own . kuok Noun . Classifier: ge . bi kuan Transitive verb . To choose, to pick out , to select, Kind of wide-bladed hoe . and claim as one's own (plural). Cf. wang ku8k . kuan �muan Transi tive verb . To want very much . kur Noun . No grammatical clas­ sifier. Mange . Adjecti ve . Mangy . kuang Noun . Classifier: boh . Groin. bi kur Adjective. Having much mange . kual In transitive verb . To hold on . 79

kut (pc: kun no reconstructed b i k llt Intrans i ti ve verb . To gloss) . Noun . No cl assifier. sing in traditional Rhade style Bunch (especially of tobacco (extemporaneous figurative leaves). duet ) (plural) . Transi ti ve verb . To make (someone ) sing kuk kuk Expressi ve . Describes in traditional Rhade style manner of walking without (extemporaneous figurative looking from side to side . duet ) . kul Noun . No grammati cal clas­ kwang 1 Transiti ve verb . To en­ sifier. Algae , mo ss. circle , to surround. bl kwang Transitive verb . To kun Adjective . Bent forward make encircle, to make surround. (of back) . bi k�n Transitive ve rb . To kwang2 Adjective . Echoing. bend forward (one's back) . bi kwang Transitive ve rb . To make echo . kung (PAN : le(n)k uQ 'concave'). Adjective . With ends bent kwa 1 Transitive verb . To crank , downward. Convex . to pump . bi k�ng Transi tive verb . To bi kwa Transitive verb . To bend. To make convex. crank, to pump . kup In transi tive verb . To hide kwa2 Cf. wa . Adjective . Pushed one's face . Transi tive verb . apart , spread apart . To hide (one's face). bi kwa Transitive verb . To bi k�p Transitive ve rb . To push apart , to spread apart make (someone ) hide his face. (fence, sides of basket in Cf. dhong k�p. order to increase capacity). kur Noun . Classifier: �O . kwak1 Adjective . In traditional Cambodian . belief, jinxed or condemned to misfortune by undesirable action kut Cf. kno k�t. of another person. Kga koh jdng k�o kdyua dah kwak hong Cf. dhong k�t. iiu. 'The sickle cut my foot because I was jinxed by you.' ktlh Transi tive verb . To pry open. bi kwak Transitive ve rb . To jinx (someone) by one's undesi­ b i kllh Transi ti ve verb . To rable actions . pry open (plural) . kwak2 Cf. wakl. Adjective . ktlk ktlk Expressive. Describes Caught , hooked. manner of being disobedi ent , of disobeying. b i kwak Transi tive verb . To hook . ktll Transitive verb . To pry with a lever . To move with a kwan Cf. ana kwan. lever . kwat (PAN: kawad 'wire, fiber ', bi klll Transitive verb . To PC : kauat 'wire'). No un . Clas­ pry with a lever (plural ). sifier: aruat. Wire. ktln Noun . Classifier: boh . Kind kwtlh In transitive verb . To pray of black headband worn on cer­ (kd to). To cry for help (kd tain occasions . to) .

ktlt Intransitive verb . To sing kwung Noun . Classifier : &e . in traditional Rhade style Stilt. (extemporaneous figurative duet). 80

kyang Noun . Cl assifier: �e . Wing lao1 Transitive verb . To remove , excluding feathers. to take off ( garment ) . Kao lao ao ade i kao . 'I take my kyang gap Noun . Classifier : brother 's shirt off ( of him) .' bo h . Overhang part of roof ex­ tending beyond walls . bi lao Transi tive verb . To remove, to take off ( garment ) . kydl Adjective . Unsteady , not Kao bi lao ao kd adei kao. resting firmly on its base . 'I take my brother 's shirt off ( of him) .' bi ky�1 Transi tive verb . To make unsteady . lao2 Noun . Classifier: co . Lao .

lar 1 Adjecti ve . Easily dis­ charged ( of gun , crossbow) . L lar2 Cf. hlong la lar. la ( PC : la 'spleen ' ) . Noun . Cl assifier: pok. Spleen. Cf. la lar.

lac ( PC: la:c 'to say ' ) . In ­ lat ( PC: la:t 'flat ' ) . Adjec­ transitive verb . To say, to ti ve . Having flat sides . talk . bi lat Transi tive verb . To b i lac In t ransitive verb . To flatten, to make flat . say, to talk ( plural ) . la1 Cf . Iha. Adjecti ve . Flat . lac jak Intransitive verb . To thank . Sen tence . Thank you. b i I a Transi ti ve verb . To flatten, to make flat . bi lac jak Intransiti ve verb . To thank ( plural) . la2 Cf. mto lac. I a H ng Cf . a I a king . No un . Classifier: pok . Cf. wah lac. Mirror . Cf. wTt lac. la3 la lar Adjective . Eternal , lah Cf. ua lah. forever. bi la lar Transi tive verb . lai l Transi tive ve rb . To rinse . To make eternal , to make last bi lah Transi ti ve verb . To forever. rinse ( plural ) . Cf. hlong la lar. Transi tive verb . To dilute . lai2 lak ( PAN : arak 'liquor , intox­ b i I a i Transi ti ve verb . To icant ', PC: 7alak 'liquor ' ) . dilute. Noun . No gramma ti cal classifier. Alcoholic drink, wine . lak Noun . No gramma tical clas­ sifier. Kind of itchy, scaly lan ( PC : IOn 'earth ' ) . Noun . skin disease . No grammatical classi fier. Earth , soil. Ground . bi lak Adjecti ve . Having much itchy, scaly skin disease. Ian ala ( PC: 7ala 'below ' ) . Noun . No grammatical classifier. lam 1 No un . Classifier: pok . Country, universe, world . Razor blade . Cf. ana etak Ian. lam2 Cf. hlam lam. Cf. go Ian. Cf. etak Ian. lang ( PC: la:f) 'to open' ) . Transitive verb . To spread out . lap Cf. klap2. Transitive verb . bi lang Transitive verb . To To fold. spread out ( plural ) . 81

bi lap Transi tive verb . To bi I i e Transitive verb . To fold (plural ). spend (money) on useless things, to waste (money) . 1e Cf. I Ie. Adjecti ve . Expen­ sive but of no practical value . liek (PAN : gi(t)ik 'to tickle ', PC: gilek 'to tickle'). Trans­ bi Transitive verb . Ie To itive verb . To tickle . spend (money) on useless things, to waste (money). bl I i e k Transitive verb . To tickle (plural ). 1eh l Particle . Already. lien No un . Classifier: boh . bi l e h Transitive verb . To Vagina (of human) . finish. leh anan Conjunction . And. 1ik Adjective . Dissolved, mel­ ted. Transi tive verb . To lick. 1eh2 bi I ik Transitive verb . To To taste . dissolve , to me lt . bi leh Tr ansitive verb . To make lick something . To make 1io Adjective. Gliding (of taste somethi ng . bird in air, fish in water ). bi I io Transi tive verb . To lei Cf. d�m lei. make glide . Cf. ad lei . 1ipl Adjective . Flooding, high Cf. kan . . . lei . (of water ). ti lei . Cf. bi lip Transi tive verb . To flood, to inundate . 1e (PC: Ie? 'to fall' ) . In trans- itive verb . To drop, to fall. Cf. e a lip. bi e Transitive verb . I To 1ip2 No un . Classifier: boh. drop , to make fall down . Winnowing basket . epan Ie. l� Cf. 1ir1 Adjective . Flat , level , smooth . 1ha Cf. la1• Adjective . Flat . bi lir Transitive verb . To bi Iha Transitive verb . To flatten, to make flat , to flatten, to make flat . level , to make level, to make smooth, to smooth. 1i Noun . Classifier: boh . Cot. 1ir2 Noun . Classifier : drei. 1ia Transiti ve verb . To bank, Kind of cricket . to lean . bi lia Transitive verb . To lIn Cf. elam lin. bank, to lean. Cf. lu lin.

1ia1 Transitive verb . To stick . 1Ing Transiti ve verb . To borrow out (one's tongue). for a long period (mdn g from) . bi lial Transitive verb . To bi ling Transitive verb . To make (someone ) stick out his borrow for a long period (mdng tongue . from) (plural).

1iap Adjective . Exactly enough . loh Noun . Classifier: ge. bi I iap Transitive verb . To Penis (of human ). make exactly enough . lor lie Cf. Ie. Adjective . Expen­ lor sor Noun . Classifier: sive but of no prac tical value . aruat, boh . Spiral spring. 82

10 1 (Grammatical class member­ lue ship not yet analysed) . Again, lue ea (PC: luai , to swim'). more . In transitive verb . To swim. bi lue ea Transi tive verb . 102 Noun . Classi fi er : boh . Low- To swim (plural) . To make land rice field . swim. Noun . Cl assifier: boh . 10k Hole luh In transitive ve rb . To fall dug out of fallen tree for col­ (of inanimate object). lecting rain water . b i I uh Transi ti ve verb . To Cf. ea 10k. make fall , to drop . 10 Cf. khe� 18. lui l (PC: luai 'to reject'). Transitive verb . To lay, to long Cf. ml8ng. In transi tive place . To leave behind. To verb . To try. divorce. bi 18ng Intransitive verb . To bi lui Transitive verb . To compete. To take an examination, lay, to place (plural). To to take a test . leave behind (plural ). To klei bi 18ng No un . No classi­ divorce (plural). fi er. Examination, test. lui 2 Noun . Classifier : asar, 16 Adjective . Having lost money boh . Cent , penny . in a transaction. luI�1 Transitive verb . To lose. bi 18 Transitive verb . To make lose financially . bi lufe Transitive verb . To lose. 10 Noun . Cl assifier : boh . A let­ ter of the Rhade alphabet, I. luI�2 (PC: lu:c no reconstructed gloss) . Intransitive verb . To lu (PC: lu 'numerous '). Adjec­ die . tive . In tensi ve : lu Ifn. Many , much, numerous . lun (PAN : lunlun 'to swallow', PC : lu:n 'to swallow' ). Trans­ bi lu Transitive verb . To in­ itive verb . To swallow. crease, to make numerous . bi lun Transitive ve rb . To lua Transi tive verb . To stalk. swallow (plural).

b i I ua Transi tive verb . To Adjective . Muddy . make stalk something. To stalk lu (plural ) . bi lu Transitive verb . To make muddy . luar (PC: ?bluar 'to lie (false­ hood) '). In transitive verb . luk Cf. kluk. Transitive verb . To lie, to tell a lie. To interchange , to mix up. bi luar Transi ti ve verb . To bi IUk Transi tive verb . To make lie. To lie, to tell a interchange , to mix up . lie (plural) . lu Cf. kl�. Transi ti ve verb . lua Intransitive verb . To fit To blame (kd some one) unjustly (of garment ). for . bi lua Transitive verb . To bi I� Transitive verb . To make fit . To pass through blame (kd someone) unjustly (crowd, grass, etc.). for (plural ). lua gu In transitive verb . To lUh Transitive verb . To put respect. down , to set down. bi lua gu In transiti ve verb . b i I �h Transi ti ve verb . To To respect (plural). make put something down , to make set something down . 83

lung Cf. al�ng . Adjecti ve . To bi rna tu Transitive verb . To be naked. accept ( plural ) . To obey ( plu­ ral) . b i I �ng Transi ti ve verb . To remove the clothes of. to un­ rna yua Transitive verb . To dress. use . bi rna yua Transitive verb . To use ( plural ) . M Cf. mao rna. rna Cf . ama . Noun . Classifi er : mal Transitive verb . To mark . co . Father ( children's speech) . to paint ( a surface ) . bi mal Transi tive verb . To mac l Noun . Cl assifier: drei. Mite . mark . to paint ( a surface ) ( plural ) . To make ( someone) bi mac Adjective . Having many mark something . to make paint mites. a surface. Cf. hdam mac. mam ( PC : m�m 'to suck ' ) . In - m�c mac . transi ti ve ve rb . To nurse. to mac2 Cf. suck ( of baby ) . mah ( PAN : emas 'gold' . pc: ?amah bi mam Transi ti ve verb . To 'gold ' ) . Adjective . Gold. nurse ( of a woman . a child) . Noun . Classifi er : klo. Gold. manca bi mah Transitive verb . To mang mi t Noun . Classifier: make gold . drei . Firefly . man Adjective . Fitting in size . Cf . tang mang. bi man Transi ti ve verb . To mao ( Grammatical class member­ make fit . ship not yet analysed) . There are, there is. Transitive verb . man Transitive verb . To borrow To have . (mdn g from) . bi mao Transitive verb . To bi man Transitive verb . To have to have . must have . borrow (mdn g from) ( plural) . mao rna Transitive verb . To mang l Noun . No gramma tical clas­ receive . sifier. Nothing. bi mao rna Transitive verb . Cf. aT mang o To have to receive . mu st re­ ceive . Cf. hda l mango Cf. amao mao oh . mang2 Adjective . Free . without Cf. ama o mao Oh . cost . Cf. cong mao . rna ( PC : rna? 'to take ' ) . Trans­ itive verb . To get. to take . mbah ( PAN : babaq 'mouth. open­ ing', pc: bubah. mubah 'mouth' ) . bi rna Transitive verb . To make Noun . Classifier: boh . Opening. get something. to make take River mouth. something . rna klel Transi tive verb . To mbak Cf. bak. Transitive verb . obey. To place around one's neck. bi rna klel Transi ti ve verb . bi mbak Transitive verb . To To obey ( plural ) . place around someone 's neck. rna tli (pc: tu:? ) 'to receive ' . mbang Cf. bang . In transitive Transitive verb . To accept . To verb . To rely (kd on) . obey. 84

bi mbang In transi ti ve verb . bi mbo Transitive verb . To To rely (kd on) . add. to increase. to make big­ ger. mbe Transi tive verb . To add. to increase. to make bigger. mbdn� mbong sang No un . Classifier: bi mbe Transitive verb . To ae . kram add. to increase . to make big­ Large bamboo resting ger . on and extending the length of tria along the base of each mb&n ngen mben. inside wall of traditional house . Cf. Holes are dr illed along the upper surface of the mbong sang mbha Adjec tive . Lucky . at regular intervals and gong bi mbha Transi tive verb . To mtih are inserted into it. make lucky . mbrua Cf . brua. Adjective . mbit Adjective . Together . Skillful . bi mbit Transi tive verb . To bi mbrua Transitive ve rb . To gather . to place together . make skillful . mb,t mb la Adjective . Together. mbrUh Cf. br�h. In transitive mbla Cf. mbit mbla. verb . To force oneself. bi mbr�h Transitive verb . To mblah Cf. blah. Intransi tive force. verb . To fight . rnbUng Cf. gdng mbung. bi mblah In transitive verb . To fight . mbhiet Cf. �hiet. Adjective. In tensive: msh iet m&hun . mblang blan g1, kb lang. Cf. Looking for a rare object , Transitive verb . To spread out . e To open (one's fist). To ex­ searching for a rar object. plain. bi msh iet Transi tive verb . To look for , to search for bi mb lang Transi tive verb . To spread out . To open (one's (rare obj ect) . fist). To explain (plural ). mBhit msh it ala Cf. shit ala. In ­ mblitl Cf. bli�. Transi ti ve verb . To turn over. transi tive verb . To wink . bi msh rt ala Transitive verb . bi mbli� Transitive verb . To turn over, to turn wrong side To make wink . out . mbhun Cf. mah iet mahun. mblu Cf. blu. In transitive ve rb . To talk muc h. Intransitive verb . To have a certain skin bi mblu Intransi tive verb . To disease which causes small talk in one 's sleep. to talk watery blisters and commonly when delirious . affects only children . bi m�le Intransi ti ve verb . mboh (PC: m boh 'to lay egg'). - To have a certain skin disease Cf. bohl. Adjective . Fruitful. which causes small watery producing much fruit . In trans­ blisters and commonly affects itive verb . To lay many eggs . only children. bi mboh Transitive verb . To make fruitful . to make produc­ mblir Cf. al irl. Transi tive tive . verb . To attach with glue , to stick (something) on. To seal mbo Cf. boo Transitive ve rb . (envelope ). To plug (leak). To add. to increase. to make bigger . 85

bi m�1 ir Transiti ve verb . To mehul Cf. chul. In transitive attach with glue , to stick (some­ verb . To joke (hong with). thing ) on. To seal (envelope) . bi mehul Intransitive verb . To plug (leak) . To joke (hong with) . Cf. �I ft . Transitive verb . mB1It mehur Intransi t ive verb . To To stick (something) (ti on). accuse , to blame (kd someone). bi mslft Transi ti ve verb . To bi mchur In transitive verb . stick (something) (ti on). To accuse, to blame (kd some­ one ) . mBdng 1 Cf. 9dng l. Transitive verb . To feed (kd animal , per- m�hu Cf. chu. Transitive verb . son) . To interchange , to mix up . bi msdn g Transitive verb . To bi mChu Transi tive verb . To feed (kd animal , person ). interchange , to mix up . Cf . sdng2 • Transitive m�hur Cf . ch�r . Transi tive verb . To sharpen . To shoot high , to throw high . bi mSdn g Tra�sitive verb . To bi mch�r Transitive verb . To sharpen . shoot high, to throw high . Cf. 9r�ih. In transi tive mBrtlih m�iem Cf. ciem. Transi ti ve verb . To force onesel f. verb . To feed (kd animal , per­ bi m9r�i h Tr ansitive verb . To son) . force . bi mc iem Transiti ve verb . To feed (kd animal , person). m�ah (PAN : cacah 'in pieces', picah Adjecti ve . PC : 'broken'). m�ik Cf. elk. Intransitive verb . Broken. To fight (plural ). bi mcah Transitive verb . To bi mcfk In transitive verb . To break . fight (plural). m�hi In transiti ve verb . To Cf. coh . accuse, to bl ame (kd someone) m�oh for something one did oneself. bi mcoh Transitive verb . To make peck, to make strike (bird, bi mchf Intransitive verb . To snake , etc.). To peck, to accuse, to blame (kd someone ) strike (of bird, snake , etc .) for something one did oneself (plural) . (plural ) . meue Cf. acue1 • Transitive mchip Cf. chfpl. Transitive verb . To tie (string, cord , verb . To send (dog) after game . etc.). bi mehfp Transiti ve verb . To bi mcue Transitive verb . To send (dog) after game . tie (string, cord, etc.). cho. Transitive verb . mCho Cf. m�ung Cf. cung . Transitive To make dirty . verb . To guide , to support bi meho Transiti ve verb . To (child learning to walk) . make dirty. bi mcung Transitive verb . To guide , to support (child learn­ mehuang Cf. chuang. Transi tive ing to walk) . verb . To help step, to help walk , to make step, to make meUm Cf. cum. Trans i ti ve verb . walk. To make kiss someone . bi mchuang Transiti ve verb . bi mcum Transi tive verb . To To help step, to help walk, to make kiss someone . make step, to make walk . 86

mda (PAN : uda 'young ', PC: m i da, bi md ih Transitive verb . To mud a 'immature, tender'). Ad- awaken, to wake up . jecti ve . Young . Cf. hru� mdih. bi mda Transi ti ve verb . To make young . mdlUh 1 Cf. dl�hl Transitive verb . To spring, to trip (trap , Cf . prSc mda . gun , etc.). To pull (trigger). mdang bi mdl �h Transi tive verb . To mdang pu i Intransitive verb . pull (trigger ). To lower To warm oneself at a fire. (mosquito net) . bi mdang pui Intransitive verb . mdlUh2 Cf. dl�h2, kdl�h. Trans­ To warm oneself at a fire (plu­ itive verb . To make collapse, ral). To make (kd someone) warm to make fall down (building, himself at a fire . cave , table , wall , etc.). mdar (PC: padar 'to turn' ). Cf. bi md l�h Transitive verb . To dar. Transitive verb . To spin. make collapse , to make fall down (building, cave , table , bi mda r Transitive verb . To wall , etc.). spin. md6 Cf. mdhS . Noun . Classifi er : mdei (PC: patai 'to rest '). In ­ boh . Chair. transitive verb . To relax, to rest. mddng 1 Cf . ddng . Transitive bi mdei Transi tive verb . To verb . To make steep, to stand make relax, to make rest . upright , to make vertical . bi mddn g Transi ti ve verb . To mde Adjective . Different . make steep, to stand upright , bi md� Transitive verb . To to make vertical . make (something) different (hong from) . mddng2 Transi t ive verb . To oppose . md� bi (Grammatical class mem­ bership not yet analysed) . Each bi mddng Transitive verb . To individually, each one . oppose. Cf. hip mddng . mdha Noun . Classifier: pok . Board . mdrao Cf . drao . Transitive verb . To cure, to give medi cine to, mdh8 Cf. md8. Noun. Classifier: to treat . boh . Chair. bi mdrao Transitive verb . To mdhur Noun . Classifi er : cS. Mem­ cure, to give medicine to, to ber of a Rhade dialect group treat . located north of Banmethuot . mdrong Adjective . Rich. pa diao mdiang (PC: 'to trans­ bi mdrong Transitive verb . To port'). Transitive verb . To make rich. load . bi mdiang Transitive verb . To mdr&ng Cf. drSng . Trans i ti ve load . verb . To greet. bi mdrSng Transitive verb . mdie (PAN: pajay 'rice plant , To greet . rice on the stalk', PC : padai Noun . Clas­ 'unhusked rice'). mdrue Cf. drue. Transi tive verb . sifier: asar. Unhusked rice. To breed, to make fuck, to mate Cf. phun mdi�. (animals). bi mdrue Transitive verb . To mdih (PC: madah 'to awaken'). breed, to make fuck, to mate In transitive verb . To wake up . (animals) . 87

mdrung Cf. drung. Transitive maa Cf. eal. Transitive verb . ve rb . To train (vine) to grow To make bowl-shaped, to make in a certain position. To lay conc ave . To bend . out (rope , string, etc .) in a certain position. bi mea Tr ansitive verb . To make bowl-shaped, to make con­ bi md rung Transi ti ve verb . To cave . To bend. train (vine) to grow in a cer­ tain position. To lay out maang Cf. eang . Transi ti ve (rope , string, etc.) in a cer­ verb . To fly (kite). tain position. bi meang Transitive verb . To make high, to raise, To make mdua Cf. dua . (Grammatical class membership not yet analysed ). far . To fly (kite). By twos, two-by-two . Two each, Cf. ehfng. Transitive two apiece. mahIng verb . To make crooked, to in­ bi mdua Transitive verb . To cline , to slope . make two-by-two . bi mehfng Transi tive verb . To mdua mdua (Grammatical class make crooked, to incline, to membership not yet analysed) slope . By twos, two-by-two. maia (PC: pa?dia? 'hot'). Ad­ mdue Cf. duel. Transi tive verb . jective . Hot (of weather). To join together . maiao Cf. eiao. In transitive bi mdue Tr ansi tive verb . To ve rb . To be left-handed, to join together . use one 's left hand. mduom Cf. du8m. Transi tive verb . bi meiao Intransitive verb . To patch. To be left-handed, to use one 's left hand. bi mdu8m Transitive verb . To patch . Cf. eiet. Transitive verb . To make little , to make mdu&n (PC: maduan 'old' ). Cf. small . adu8n. Adjective . Old (of human ). bi mei et Transitive verb . To make little, to make small . bi mdu8n Transi tive verb . To age, to make old . maih Cf. eih. Transitive verb . To lay , to make lie down . mdUh Cf. d�hl. Transitive verb . To lean . bi me ih Transitive verb . To lay, to make lie down . bi md�h Transitive verb . To lean . mack Intrans itive verb . Loqua- cious , talkative. mdum Cf. dum. Transitive verb . To place . bi meok In transi ti ve verb . Loquacious , talkative. bi md�m Transitive verb . To place . madr Adjective . Equal, same (in thickness, not length). maao (PC: pa?dau 'warm' ). Ad­ jective . Warm (of human, in­ bi medr Transitive verb . To animate object, weather, etc.). make equal , to make the same . bi meao Transi tive verb . To Cf. mtap mddr . make warm, to warm . maram Adjective . At the same maac Cf. eao. Transitive verb . time , simultaneous. To make guess. bi meram Transitive ve rb . To bi meao Transitive verb . To make co-occur , to make happen make guess. at the same time , to make simultaneous. 88

maru Cf. Qru. bi mgaih Trans itive verb . To push aside with one's hand. bi meru Transiti ve verb . To help (plural ). mgang (PC: paga :� 'to protect '). Transitive verb . To protect. maung1 Cf. Qungl. Transitive to shelter. verb . To float (in air. water). To fly (kite). bi mgang Transitive verb . To protect. to shelter. b i me ung Transi ti ve verb . To float (in air. water). mgao Transi tive verb . To dis- regard. maung2 Transitive verb . To winnow . bi mgao Transitive verb . To disregard. bi meung Transitive verb . To winnow. mgam (PC: pagOm 'dove'). Noun . Classifier: d r e i . Kind of mauom Cf. euom . Transitive verb . large grey pigeon. To stick (something) (ti on) . bi meuom Transi ti ve verb . To mgan Transitive verb . To cross stick (something) (ti on) . diagonally (hong with) .

maup l Cf. eupl. Transitive verb . mgham Transitive verb . To covet. To make obey . to desire. to want . bi meup Transitive verb . To bi mgham Transi tive verb . To make obey. covet . to desire. to want .

maup 2 (PC: pa?dup 'to offer '). mgha 1 Transi tive verb . To parry . Cf. eup2 . Transi tive verb . To to ward off. (kd hand (something) up to). bi mgha Transitive verb . To bi meup Transitive verb . To parry. to ward off. hand (something ) up (kd to). mgha2 maut Cf. eut . Transitive verb . mgha hong Conjunction . Since To make short. to shorten. anyway . bi meut Transitive verb . To mghap make short . to shorten . mghap hong Cf. mkap hong . Conjunction . Since ... anyway . meh Adjecti ve . To be unsuccess­ ful or not accomplished because mgi (PC: pag i 'tomorrow'). of supernatural cause. (Grammatical class membership bi meh Transitive verb . To not yet analysed). Tomorrow. make unsuccessful or not be mg i guah dih (Grammatical class accomplished (of supernatural membership not yet analysed) . cause) . Hereafter. some day (future ). mem In transitive verb . To nurse. Cf. aguah mg i. to suck (of baby) (children 's Cf. hrue mg i. speech) . bi mem Transi tive verb . To mgiam Cf. glam. Transitive verb . nurse (of a woman . a child) . To move close. to move near (hong to ). Noun. No classifier. met Metre bi mg iam Transi tive verb . To (unit of measure). Classifier: move close. to move near (hong ae . Metre stick. to) . agaih. Transi tive mgaih Cf. mg& Cf. g�. Transitive verb . verb . To push aside with one 's To force (someone). hand. 89

bi mg� Transi tive ve rb . To mhap rnhap Expressive . Describes force (someone ). manner of persevering, of work­ ing in spite of fatigue . rngdng Transitive verb . To have in reserve , to have on hand. rnhe Express ive. Describes man­ ner of crying of goat . b i mgdng Transi ti ve ve rb . To have in reserve , to have on mhe mhe Expressive. Describes hand . manner of crying of goat . rngran Cf. gra nl• Transitive rnhia Transitive verb . To want verb . To make a handle for very much. To compete for, to (axe, knife , Bword, etc.). struggle for (hong with) . bi mg ran Transitive ve rb . To bi mh ia Transi tive verb . To make a han dle for (axe, knife, compete for, to struggle for sword, etc.). (hong with). rngrong Transitive verb . To rnhip acco�pany, to esc ort . mh ip mhap Cf. mip mhap. Ex­ pressive. Describes manner of bi mgrang Transi tive verb . To child's being dirty . accompany , to escort . rnhoih In transitive verb . To rngru Cf. gru. Transi ti ve verb . sigh. To mark . bi mhdi h In transitive verb . bi mgru Transitive verb . To To sigh. Transitive verb . To mark . make sigh . Adjective . rngu Retarded, stupid. rnhOp rnhOp Cf. mdp mdp . Expres­ Innocent , unknowing. sive. Describes manner of bi mgu Transi tive verb . To walking wearily . make retarded, to make stupid. To make innocent , to make un­ rnha Cf. hm�. mh�. Transitive knowing. verb . To hear , to listen to (archaic ) . rnguon Cf. guano Transitive verb . bi mhd Transitive verb . To To make wait, to stop. hear, to listen to (archaic ) bi mgu8n Transi tive verb . To (plural). make wait, to stop . rnhup Transi tive verb . To offer rnguop Cf. gu8p. Transitive verb . someone (something) only as a To join together , to place to­ matter of courtesy . gether (hong with). To associ­ bi mh�p Transitive verb . To ate (hong with). offer someone (something) only bi mgu8p Transitive verb . To as a matter of courtesy. join together , to place together (hong with) . Intransi tive verb . rnhtl Cf. hm�, mhd. Transitive To get along well together . verb . To hear, to listen to (fast speech) . rnhao (PC: mahau 'thirsty'). In­ bi mh� Transitive verb . To transitive verb . To be thirsty. hear, to listen to (fast speech) bi mhao Transitive verb . To (plural) . make thirsty. rni Noun . Classifi er: c8 . mhao ciang In transitive verb . American . To want to . Cf. ��ii Hi . rnhap Cf. mh ip mhap. rnia Transi ti ve ve rb . To mark , Cf. mip mhap. to paint (a surface). 90

bi mia Transi tive verb . To mjeh2 Intransi ti ve verb . To mark , to paint (a surface). wrestle. bi mj eh Intransiti ve ve rb . m1eng (PC: miaQ 'cheek, jaw' ). To wrestle (plural). Noun . Classifier: boh . Cheek. mjing (PC: pajaQ 'to create' ). mieo (PC: miau 'cat'). Noun . Cf. jing o Transi ti ve verb . Classifi er : drei. Cat . To create , to make . mih bi mj ing Tran si tive verb . To mih m�h Adjective . Careless. create , to make . mil (Grammatical class member­ mjua1 Cf. jua. Transiti ve verb . ship not yet analysed ). Right To use (animal) in plowing . (man g from) (as in 'right from bi mj ua Transitive verb . To there '). use (animal ) in plowing. Noun . Classifier: boh , klo. min mjua2 In transitive verb . To Mine (explosive) . bargain, to haggle. mip bi mj ua Transitive verb . To mip mhap Cf. mh ip mhap. Ex­ bargain over (price). pressive. Describes manner of child's being dirty . mju Cf. ju. Transi ti ve verb . To make black . bi mip mhap Transitive verb . To make dirty . bi mj u Transitive verb . To make black. mI Cf. amI. No un . Classifier: co . Mother (children ls speech). mdjah Cf . dja h2. Transi tive verb . To drip liqui d on, to mIl mIl Expressive. Describes smear liquid on with one's an action 's being repeated again finger . and again. bi mdjah Transiti ve verb . To drip liquid on, to smear liquid mIn In transiti ve verb . To think on with one's finger . (kd about) . bi mIn Transi ti ve verb . To mdj ie Cf. dj ie. Transiti ve verb . make think . Intransi tive verb . To kill . To extinguish, to put To think (kd about). out (fire) . bi mdj ie Transitive verb . To mI r mIr Expressi ve. Describes kill . To extinguish, to put manner of wanting something out (fire) . very much. mdjo Cf. djol. Transi tive verb . mIt Cf. mang mIt. To make (something) hit (hong something), to aim (something) mja (PC: maja 'fox'). Noun. (hong at ). In transitive verb . Classifier: drei. Fox . To match (hong with). mjang Cf. jang . Transiti ve verb . bi mdjo Transitive verb . To To share (food, drink) . make (something) hit (hong something), to aim (something) bi mj ang Transitive verb . To (hong at ). To match (hong share (food, drink) . with) . No un . Classifier: Co . mjao mdju Cf. dj u. Transitive verb . Native practitioner, shaman, To make sick, to make weak , to witch doctor. weaken. mjeh1 (PAN: biz(i) 'grain ', PC : bi mdju Transi tive verb . To biJeh 'seed'). No un . Classi fier: make sick, to make weak , to asar. Seed for planting . weaken. 91

mkai Noun . Classi fier: boh . m1am (PAN : ma lem 'night ', PC: Watermelon. ma lam 'evening, night' ). Noun . Cf. hrue mkai . Classi fi er: bl i�. Night . (PAN : bulan 'moon, month ', mkao No un . Classifier: drei. m1an Owl . PC: bi la:n 'month , moon' ). Noun . Classifier: boh . Mo on. Month . mka Transi ti ve verb . To me asure, to weigh . mlan dua No un . No classifier. February . b i mka Transi ti ve verb . To measure , to weigh . mlan dua pan No un . No classi­ fi er. September . Transitive verb . To gather mkam mlan ema No un . No classifier. together. May . bi mkam Transitive verb . To mlan kj uh Noun . No classifier. gather together . July . mkan (PC: tukOn 'other'). Ad­ mlan nam No un . No classifier . jecti ve . Another, other . June. mlan pa Noun . No classifier. mkapl April. mkap hong Cf. mgha hong , mghap hong . Conjunction . Since .,. mlan pluh Noun . No classifier. anyway . October. mlan pluh dua Noun . No clas­ Transi ti ve verb . To keep, mkap2 sifier. December. to save . mlan pluh sa Noun. No classi ­ bi mkap Transitive verb . To fi er . November. keep, to save . mlan sa No un . No classi f ier. mke Cf. ke . Tr ansi ti ve verb . January. To make bite. mlan sa pan No un . No cl assi fier . bi mke Transitive verb . To August . make bite. mlan tl�o Noun . No classifier . March. mko Transiti ve verb . To join together, to weld . m1aol (PAN : bulu 'fuzz, hair, bi mko Transitive verb . To feather ', PC : bilau 'body hair , join together , to weld. beard, feather'). No un . Clas­ si fier: aruat. Body hair, mkra Transitive ve rb . To fix, feather , fur . to repair. To prepare , to make bi ml�o In transitive verb . ready . To be hairy, to have much body bi mkra Transitive verb . To hair, to have many feathers, fix, to repair (plural). To to be furry, to have much fur . prepare, to make ready (plural ). ml�o mun Noun . Classifier : aruat. Whisker. mkrah (PC: makrah 'half'). Cf. krahl. Noun . No classifier. mlao2 (PAN : balu 'widow, wid­ Half. ower ', PC : ba lau 'widowed' ). No un. Classifi er: CO . Widow , mku8m Transiti ve verb . To keep, widower . to save . Cf. ekei ml�o. bi mkuom Transi tive verb . To keep, to save . Cf. mnie ml�o. mla (PC: bala 'tusk of elephant '). mlao3 (PAN: ma lu 'to be ashamed ', Noun . Classi f ier: ee . Elephant PC : malau 'to blush '). Adjec­ tusk, ivory . tive . Ashamed, embarrassed. 92

bi mlao Adjective . Ashamed, bi m'mah Transitive ve rb . To embarrassed. Transitive verb . make chew. To make ashamed, to embarrass. ( PC : bumau 'mushroom' ) . & m'mao Cf. h ii mlao. No un . Cl assifier: pok . Fungus , mushroom , toadstool . mlei ( PAN: pa l i 'forbidden, taboo' ) . Adjecti ve . Taboo. m'miit Adjective . Dark. bi mlei Transitive verb . To bi m'mat Transi ti ve verb . To make taboo. darken, to make dark. mlim Cf. amI im. Transi tive verb . m'mfto To dis solve in one's mouth . m'mao oh Cf. amao mao oh . bi ml im Transitive verb . To Sentence . You are welcome . make (kd someone ) dissolve something in his mouth . m'mhiii Transitive verb . To com­ pete for, to struggle for (hong mlo l No un . Cl assifier: bo h . Kind with) . of container made from bamboo bi m'mh ia Transi tive verb . stem. To compete for , to struggle for (hong with ) . mlo2 Cf. ktro mlo. m'mih ( PAN : mamis 'sweet ', PC: long . In transitive mlong Cf. mumih 'sweet ' ) . Adjecti ve . verb . To compete. Sweet . bi mlong In transitive verb . bi m'mih Transitive verb . To To compete. make sweet , to sweeten. Adjective . Excessively mldng m'mit Noun . Classifier: boh . carefree , not serious , happy­ Kind of spiny fruit . go-lucky. Cf. ana m'mi t. bi mldng Transitive verb . To make excessively carefree, to m'mong1 Noun . Classifier : boh . make not serious , to make happy­ Wristwatch. No gramma tical gO-lucky . classifier. Time. No clas- sifier. Hour . mlue ( PC : biluai 'gourd' ) . No un . Classifi er: boh . Kind of rice m'mong2 ( PC : bumo:Q 'banana storage container made from blossom ' ) . Cf. mong o Noun . hollow dry squash . Classifier: boh . Banana flower , banana spathe. mlum Cf. aml um . Noun . No gram­ ma tical classi fi er. Kind of Adjective . Ticklish. skin disease causing itchy , m'mdr smelly white spots. bi m'mdr Transi tive verb . To make ticklish . bi ml um Adjective . Having a kind of skin disease causing m'muifi In transitive verb . To itchy, smelly white spots. sing. Transitive verb . To sing . mliin ( PC: masa I un 'naked' ) . Adjective . Naked . bi m'muiii In transitive verb . To sing ( plural ) . Transitive bi ml un Transitive verb . To verb . To make sing. remove the clothes of, to un­ dress. mnah ( PAN : panaq 'to shoot , shooting weapon ', PC: panah ( m'mah PAN : mamaq 'to chew', PC : 'to shoot ' ) . Transi tive verb . mumah 'to chew' ) . Transitive To shoot ( a target , not a verb . To chew . weapon ) . 93

bi mnah Transi tive verb . To bi mn i In transitive verb . To shoot (a target, not a weapon) praise (kef someone ). (plural ) . mnia Transitive verb . To sell . mnal (PC: bana :1 'rag'). Noun. bi mnia Transitive verb . To Cl assifi er: blah . Rag. sell (plural ). mnang Cf. ana mnang . mnia Noun . Classifier: ge . Sickle . mnao Cf. tdk mnao. (PAN : binay 'woman ', PC: No un . Classifier: co . mnie mna Pris­ b i na i Noun . Clas­ oner . 'virgin'). sifier: co. Girl, woman . Cf. h I un mna . mnie cd Noun . Cl assifier: co. Pro stitute , whore . mnam (PAN : inurn 'to drink ', pc : minum 'to drink'). Intransi ti ve mn ie mlao Noun . Classifier: verb . To drink . Transitive co . Widow. ve rb . To dr ink . Cf. amiet mn i e. bi mnam Transi tive verb . To Cf. aprong mn.le. , make drink . To drink (plural) . Cf. awa mnie. mnam ring In transitive verb . . , To drink rice wine from a series Cf. i e mn le. of ceh . Cf. mtao mn ie. bi mnam ring In transitive ve rb . Cf. piu mn .le. , To drink rice wine from a series ceh of (plural) . mnoh (PC: panoh 'drumsticks'). Cf. pnoh , poh . Noun . Classi­ aneh, neh. Noun . Clas­ mneh 1 Cf. fi er : ge. Drumstick, tambourine sifier: co. Uncle : one's stick. father 's younger brother , one 's mother 's younger sister's hus­ mndng Noun . Classifier: boh . band . Obj ect, thing. mneh2 Intransi tive verb . To mndn g hnua Noun . No gramma tical argue (hong with) . cl assifier. Objects , things. bi mneh Intransitive verb . To mndn g mnua Noun . No gramma tical argue (hong with) . classifier. Ob jects, things . C f. h 10 m n dn 9 . mnei (PC: manT 'to bathe'). In­ transitive verb . To bathe , to Cf. mndng mnua . take a bath. mnua bi mne i Tr ansi ti ve verb . To mnuh (PC: binuh 'to butt '). bathe . Transitive verb . To butt with force. mn&c1 Intransi ti ve verb . To be bi mnuh Transitive verb . To cunning, to be sly . make butt something with force. bi mn&c Transitive verb . To make cunning, to make sly . mnuih (PC: manus (7) 'man'). Mo un . Classifi er : co. Person . mn�c2 Noun . Classifier: boh . mnuih tIe Noun . Classifier: Trigger (of crossbow, gun , co . Thief. etc . ) . mnu (PAN� manuk 'chicken, bird' , mnhat Cf. phat1, pnhat. Noun . PC: manu' 'chicken'). Noun . Classi fier: boh , ge. Chisel. Cl assifier: drei . Chicken . mni Intra nsiti ve verb . To praise Cf. boh mnu. Noun . Classifier: (kd someone). boh . Egg. 94

Cf. ala boh mnu . bi mngal Transitive verb . To tease . mntl Noun . Cl assifier: tal ( if fallen down : pok). Fence. mngan (PAN: pi�gan 'dish' ) . No un . Classifi er: boh . Large Cf. bllmnll. bowl . mnai Cf. pap mna i. Cf. �hien mngan. mfiak (PAN: menak, minak 'fat', mngat1 ( PC: bu�at 'soul , spirit' ) . PC: manak 'oil' ) . Adjective . No un . No gramma tical classifier. Oily . Shadow. Soul . bi mnak Transitive verb . To Cf. rao mnga t. make oily. Adjective . Drowning. Cf. ea mnak. rnngat2 bi mngat Transitive verb . To mnam (PAN: anam 'to weave ', PC : submerge in water (animal , mana :m 'to weave ' ) . Transitive person) . verb . To weave . rnngtli Noun . Classifier: pok. bi mnam Transitive verb . To Edible white flower of a kind make weave . To weave ( plural ) . of small tree . mnir Transitive verb . To roll Cf. ana mnglfi . in one's fingers. Cf. &aO mnglfi . bi mn ir Transi tive verb . To make ( someone ) roll something moh Cf. &ri moh o in his fingers . To roll in one 's fingers ( plural ) . mok Cf. boh mok . mnu Transi tive verb . To insert, mo Cf. ana hbei mo . to place inside . To make enter . Cf . hbei mo . To immerse , to submerge . mo mo Expressive . Describes mnga (PAN: mnga 'flower ', PC: one 's staying a long time . bu�a 'flower' ) . Noun . Classi­ fi er: pok . Flower . mong (PC: bumo:� 'banana bi mnga Adjecti ve . Having many blossom ' ) . Cf. m'mong2. Noun . flowers. Classifi er: boh . Banana flower, banana spathe. mnga etak Noun . No grammatical classi fier. Catarac t in eye . m6 (PC: rna :? 'Mrs., wife ' ) . mnga djam bei Elung No un . Clas­ Noun . Classi fi er : �o . Wife . sifier: boh . Cauliflower . md Noun . Classifier: boh . A Cf. ana mnga djam bei Qung. letter of the Rhade alphabet, Cf. ph un mnga djam bei Qung. m. yan mnga. Cf. mdai Cf. ai . Adjective. Ener­ getic , healthy, powerful , mnga� Cf . nga�. Adjective . strong, vigorous. In tensive: mnga� bhung . Bright , clear, light ( of light , room, bi mda i Transi ti ve verb . To etc . ) . make energetic , to make healthy , to make power ful , to make strong, bi mnga� Transi ti ve verb . To to strengthen , to make vigorous . make bright , to make clear, to make light . mdak Adjective . Cheerful , happy . ta� mnga�. Cf. bi mda k Transitive verb . To make cheerful , to make happy . rnngal Transitive verb . To tease . 95

mdar Noun . Cl assifier: pok . md Particle . Yes-no question Paper . marker. Cf. djo md. mdea Cf. ea1• Adjective . Watery . wet . mdng (PC: maQ 'from' ). Prep­ bi mdea Transitive verb . To osition. Beginning. from. out make watery . to make wet . of. since. starting. Cf. e h mdea . mdng dah Conjunction . Or else. otherwise. mdh 1 Particle. Affirmative Cf . ddng mdng. answer word to yes-no question. yes . mphun In transitive verb . To begin. to start . mdh 2 Particle . Also. too . bi mphun Intransitive verb . Cf. du'n mdh . To begin. to start . Cf. mse mdh . mplt Cf. pTtl. Transitive verb . mdh l Cf. s r8 mdh . To make sleep. bi mpTt Transitive verb . To mdieng No un . Cl assifier: blah. make sleep. Dress. mpltl Transitive verb . To tempt . md: ih (PC: ma?ih 'soured' ). Ad­ jective. Spoiled. bi mpl u' Transitive verb . To tempt . bi md: ih Transi tive verb . To make spoil . mra (PAN : baRa 'shoulder '. PC: bara 'shoulder '). Noun . Clas­ mdlt Transi tive verb . To send. sifier: boh . Shoulder . bi mdTt Transitive verb . To send (plural). mrai (PC: mrai 'thread'). Noun . Cl assifier: aruat. Thread. mdm Cf. mum . Transitive verb . yarn . To chew (something ) (kd for). mrai pui Noun . Classifier: Kao mdm esei kd adei kao. 'I aru at. Wick. chew rice for my younger sis­ ter . ' mran Noun . Classifier: boh . bi mdm Transiti ve verb . To Boat . make chew. To chew (something) (kd for ) (plural). mrang Cf. mrao mrang. mdng Noun . Cl assifi er : boh . Kind mrao (PAN : baRu 'new' . PC: of small tambourine . bahrau 'new' ). Adjective . Intensive: mrao mrang . New. mde Noun . Classifier : .se. Kind Preverb . To have just ... of large bamboo. bi mrao Transitive verb . To make new . to renew . md6 Cf. ana md� . Cf. boh md8 . mrlm Adjective . Startling and frightening . mdp mdp Cf. mhdp mhdp. Expres­ bi mrrm Transiti ve ve rb . To sive. Describes manner of make startling and frightening. walking wearily. mro Cf. cho mro. mdWaih Cf. ana mdWa ih. Cf. phun mdWaih. mre Noun . Classi fier: boh . Number . mdya (PAN : bugaya 'crocodile '. PC: bila 'crocodile'). Noun . mrdng Cf. mrung mrdng . Classifier: drei . Crocodile. 9 6

rnrue (pc: mubrai 'yesterday' ). bi mS ln Transitive verb . To (Grammatical class membership make salty, to salt. not yet analysed). Yesterday . rns6 Transitive verb . To refuse Cf. hrue mrue. (something being returned by a borrower) because of damage. rnrui Cf. tuk mrui. bi ms� Transi tive ve rb . To rnrunca refuse (something being returned mrung mrdn g Adjecti ve . Angry , by a borrower ) becuase of dam­ stubborn . age . rnsah (PAN : basaq 'wet', PC : rnta 1 Noun . No classifier. Thing. pasah 'wet'). Adjective . Wet . Kind , sort , type. bi msah Transitive verb . To Adjective . Sharp . make wet . rnta2 bi mta Transitive verb . To rnsao In transitive verb . To sharpen . argue (hong with) . rnta 3 Cf. 98 mta . bi msao Intransi tive verb . (hong Trans ­ To argue with) . rntah 1 (PAN: mentaq 'green, un­ itive verb . To make argue . ripe', PC: ma tah 'blue , ripe'). Adjective. Green, unripe . rnsat Noun . Classifi er : boh . Raw , uncooked. Grave . bi mtah Transi tive verb . To rnsarn (PAN : asem 'sour', PC: masam make green, to make unripe . 'vine gar '). Adjective . Sour . To make raw , to make uncooked. bi msam Transi ti ve verb . To Cf. ea mtah . make sour. rntah 2 Cf. tah . Transitive verb . rnsat (PAN : pusej 'navel ', pc: To alienate (someone ) (hong pisat 'navel '). Noun . Classi­ from) , to separate (someone ) fi er: boh . Navel. (hong from) . bi mtah Transitive verb . To rnsao Adjective . Itchy (over alienate (someone) (hong from) , large area of body) . to separate (someone) (hong bi msao Transitive verb . To from) . make itch over large area of body . rntak Noun . Classifi er : boh. Cotton gin. rnsei (PAN : bas i 'iron' , pc: pisai 'iron' ). Noun . Classi­ rntarn Cf. mtam . (Grammatical fi er: ge. Iron . class membership not yet an­ alysed). At once, immediately. msei hrip Noun . Cl assifi er : boh . Magnet . rntao (PC: pitau 'king' ). Noun . Classifier: �8 . King . rnse Adjective . Alike , same (si as ) . rnta In tra nsi tive verb . To ask bi mse Transitive verb . To that , to request. In transi tive verb . compare. bi mta In transitive verb . To To be alike , to match. ask that , to request (plural). mse mdh (Grammatical class membership not yet analysed) . rntarn Cf. mtam . ( Grammatical Also, too. class membership not yet an­ alysed) . At once, immediately. rnsIn (PAN : asin 'salt ', pc: mas!n 'salted'). Adjective . rntap Adjective . Equal in height Salty . or length . 97

bi mtap Transitive verb . To rntio Cf. tio. Transitive verb . make equal in height or length . To make chase . To ride (ani­ mal) fast , to drive (vehicle ) mtap m�dr Adjecti ve . Exactly fast. eq�al in height or length and width . bi mtio Transitive verb . To make chase . To ride (animal) bi mtap m�dr Transitive verb . fast, to drive (vehicle ) fast To make exactly equal in height (plural ) . or length and width . rntir Adjective . Grown together rntaoi (PAN : binantu 'son-in-law' , PC: ma tau , patau 'child-in-law' ). (of bananas , toes, etc.). Noun . Classifier : CO . Daughter­ bi mtir Transi tive verb . To in-law , son-in-law . make grow together (bananas, toes, etc.). mtao ekei Noun . Classi fier: co. Son-in-law . rnt!l Noun . Classifier: boh . mtao mn ie Noun . Cl assifier: Metal bowl . CO. Daughter-in-law. rntlah Cf. ktlah, tlah. Trans­ rntao2 Noun . Classifier: co , drei . itive verb . To cut off, to Ghost, spirit . pull off (branches and leaves), to separate (objects which rntei (PAN: pun(t) i 'banana ', PC : belong together). pitai Noun . Classi­ 'banana'). bi mtlah Transitive verb . To fier: boh . Banana. cut off, to pull off (branches Cf. ana mtei . and leaves), to separate (ob­ jects which belong together). Cf. gu mtei. Cf. wa r mtei . rntlaih (PC: pakla:s 'to save , to release '). Cf . tlaih. rnthao Cf. thao . Intransitive Transi ti ve verb . To let es­ verb . To let someone know some­ cape , to make escape . thing, to tell . bi mtlaih Transitive verb . bi mthao Intransitive ve rb . To let escape , to make escape. To let someone know something, to tell . rntlao Cf. tlao (Grammatical class membership not yet an­ Cf. hlln mthao . alysed) . By threes, three-by­ three . Three each, three rnthip Cf. thip. Transitive verb . apiece. To make con sume , to make exhaust, to make finish, to make use up . bi mtlao Transi tive verb . To make three-by-three. bi mthip Transi tive verb . To make consume , to make exhaust , mtlao mtiao (Grammatical class to make finish, to make use up . membership not yet analysed ). By threes, three-by-three. rntih i Noun . Cl assifi er : ta 1 (if Three each, three apiece. not yet erected : pok). Wall. rntluh Cf. tluh. Transi tive Cf. gc1ng mtih. verb . To make covet , to make Cf. trih mtih. desire, to make want . bi mtluh Transitive verb . To rntih2 (PAN : putiq 'white', PC: make covet, to make desire, to pitih 'white '). Adjecti ve . make want . Beautiful , pretty. Light com­ plexioned. rnto Transi ti ve verb . To move bi mtih Transitive verb . To close, to move near (pointed make beautiful . To make light object) (ti to). complexioned. 98

bi mto Tr ansi tive verb . To bi muk Transi tive verb . To move close, to move near (pointed make (animal , person) eat some­ object) (ti to) . thing directly from plate, pot, etc., without using fingers , mto (PC: pato 'to teach' ). spoon, etc . Transitive verb . To teach (someone , some thing). K�o mt8 mUktie No un . Classifier : �e . nu klei Amer icain. 'I teach Mortar gun. him the English language .' K�o mt8 klei Americain kd nu. 'I mul mul Expressive . Describes teach him the English language .' manner of playing around. bi mt8 Transitive verb . To mum Cf. mdm . Transitive verb . teach (someone , something). To chew (something) (kd for). mt8 la� Transitive verb . To bi mum Transitive ve rb . To advise. nurse (of a woman , a child). bi mt8 lac Transitive verb . To advise (plural ). mun Noun . Cl assifier: bTt. Pimple . trun. Transi tive verb . mtrun Cf. bi mun Adjective . Having many To bring down , to lower . pimples. bi mtrun Transitive verb . To bring down, to lower . mufi Noun . No gramma tical clas­ sifier . Moustache . mtuh (PC: patuh 'to explode '). Cf. ml�o mun . In transitive verb . To explode . bi mtuh Transi ti ve verb . To mufi mufi Expressive . Describes explode . manner of talking to oneself. mtuom Cf. tu8m2 • Transi tive mung No un . Cl assifier: blah. verb . To make meet (hong some- Mos qui to net . one) . mur Cf. amur. Noun . Cl assifier: bi mtu8m Transitive verb . To boh . Top of car. No gram­ make meet (hong someone ). ma tical classifier. Hump on back of bull. mtu (PAN : bi (t)uqen 'star', PC: pitu1 No un . Cl assi­ 'star'). mut In transitive verb . To fi er: boh. Star. enter. mtuk (PAN: batuk 'to cough' , PC : bi mut Transi tive verb . To pituk 'to cough'). Noun . No insert , to make enter . In­ grammatical classifier. Cough . transi tive verb . To enter In transitive verb . To cough , (plural). to have a cough . mtlc Trans itive verb . To dis­ bi mtuk Intransitive verb . To like (someone, something). cough, to have a cough . Trans­ itive verb . To make cough . b i mll� Transi ti ve verb . To dislike (someone , something) muifi No un . Classifier : aruat. (plural) . Moustache . Whiskers of cat or mllc mac Transitive verb . To tiger. dislike very much. muor (PC: mua 'termite' ). Noun . bi mll� mac Transi tive verb . Classifier: dre i. Termite . To dislike very much ( plural). mut Cf. �mit mut . mtlh Cf. mih mllh . muk Transi tive verb . To eat mum Adjective . Very close , very directly from plate , pot , etc ., near (hong to) . without using fingers, spoon, etc . 99

bi mum Transitive verb . To verb . To drive. to make go move very close. to move very ( animal. vehicle . etc . ) . near (hong to) . na Interjection . Look. There . rntln Transitive verb . To pay you see. ( someone) . To hire ( person. .. taxi . etc . ) . , narn1 ( PAN : enem 'six'. PC : nam 'six' ) . Numeral . Six. bi m�n Transitive verb . To pay ( someone ) ( plural ) . To Cf. hru� nam . ( ) ( hire person. taxi . etc . plu­ Cf. mlan nam. ral ) . rntlng Adjective . Accustomed. familiar . Doing frequently. nan Cf. ana n1 • Demonstra tive. bi mung Transitive verb . To That ( near hearer ) . accustom. to make familiar. To Cf. ti nan. make do something frequently. To tame . to teach ( animal ) . nang Adjecti ve . Expensive. valuable . Appropriate. suit­ rnyan Cf. myun myan. able. Deserving. Fitting in size. rnydr ( PC: pa iar 'to offer ' ) . Tran si tive verb . To contribute. bi nang Transitive verb . To to give . to hand. make valuable . To make appro­ priate. to make suitable. To bi mydr Transitive verb . To make deserving. To make fit offer ( aid. contribution. help) in size . ( plural ) . nang ai Conjunction. Maybe. rnyun Adjective . Intensive: myun perhaps. myan. Lucky. Cf. tap nang . bi myun Transitive verb . To make lucky . neh Cf. aneh, mneh l. No un . Classifier: co. Aunt : one's father 's younger brother 's wife. one's mother 's younger N sister .

nah Noun . No classifier . Part . nei Cf. anei . Demonstrative. side. This. nah anei ( Grammatical class Cf. ti nei. membership not yet analysed) . Here . ne Interjection . Here . nah adih ( Grammatical class nho Adjecti ve . Oval . membership not yet analysed) . There . bi nho Transi tive verb . To make oval . nai Noun . Classifi er : co. Teacher . nik Adjective . Intensive: nik tam. True . nanao ( Grammatical class member­ bi nik Transitive verb . To ship not yet analysed) . Always . make clear . to explain. ( Gram­ matical class membership not nao ( PAN : panaw 'to go '. PC: yet analysed) . Clearly . Thao nau 'to go ' ) . Intransitive sang bi nik. 'Understand verb . To go . clearly.' bi nao Transitive verb . To Cf. sTt nik. take along . In transitive verb . To go ( plural ) . Transitive nina No un . No grammatical clas­ sifier. Slime. algae. 100

n6 (PC: ?ano 'son' ) . ( Grammati­ bi ne Transitive verb . To cal class membership not yet move aside , to remove . analysed) . Term of endearment for young boy. no No un . Cl assifier: boh . A let­ 5ham fiham Expressive. Describes ter of the Rhade alphabet , n. manner of being sloppily dressed. nang ndng nga Interroga tive . What? 5har nhar Expressive. Describes ya ndng. manner of wanting to do some­ Cf. thing very much . Cf. ya ndng do. nhak nuat nuat Expressive. Describes nhak nhai Expressive. Des­ manner of movement of cater­ cribes manner of being disor­ pillar, eel. snake , worm. etc . derly , mixed up. nue No un . Classifier: �O . De­ niem No un . Classifi er: boh . ceased spouse's successor ( re­ Roll of tobacco wrapped in dr ied lationship of one's present banana bark. spouse to one's deceased spouse) . nrk nrk Expressive. Describes nut No un. Classifier: a s ar. manner of exerting effort. Screw. Kind of button. n� Noun . Classifier: boh . A ntl No un . No grammatical classi­ letter of the Rhade alphabet, fier. Debt . n.

N fiu (PC: nu 'he, they' ) . Pr onoun . He , she , it. nah l Intransitive verb . To move Cf. di nu. aside. Transi ti ve verb . To move aside , to remove . Cf. hlei p8 nu. bi nah Transi tive verb . To fiua1 No un . Classifier: blah. move aside , to remove. To make Long fish net . seine . ( someone) move aside . nuih Intransi tive verb . To nah2 Adjective. To one side of dislike (kd food) . the target ( of arrow, bullet, or something thrown ) . bi nuih Intransi tive verb . To dislike food) ( plural ) . bi nah Transi ti ve verb . To (kd make to one side of the target Transitive verb . To dye . ( arrow , bullet. or something nu6m thrown) . bi nu8m Transitive verb . To dye ( plural ) . na Cf. tlar nd na. nu6t Adjective . Strong, tough . neh ) Trans­ neh (PC: 'to elbow ' . bi nu8t Transitive verb . To itive verb . To hit with one 's make strong . to strengthen, to elbow . make tough , to toughen. bi neh Transitive verb . To hit with one's elbow ( plural) . nu (PC: n5? 'to dive ' ) . Intrans­ itive verb . To enter. ne Cf. se. Intransi tive verb . bi nu Transitive verb . To in­ To move aside. Transi ti ve verb . sert, to place inside . To make To move aside, to remove . enter . To immerse. to submerge. 101

nu ea Intransiti ve verb . To bi nge Transitive verb . To dive. hold ( one 's or someone else 's neck) at an angle .

x_ ng�n Adjective . Intensive: ngen NG mb�n . Angry . b i ng�n Adjective . To be ngac Cf. mngac . Adjecti ve . an ( ) Clear , pure ( of liquid) . gry plural . bi ngac Transitive verb . To ngo ( PC : 1)51 'upgrade , above ' ) . make clear , to make pure, to Noun . No classifier . North. purify ( liquid) . ngok Adjective . Stopping sud­ Cf. ea ngac . denly ( of person) . ngan Adjective . Intensi ve : ngan bi ngok Transitive verb . To kban. Noisy ( of place) , dis­ stop ( someone) . turbed by noi se ( of person) . ngok ngok Expressi ve . Describes bi ngan Transitive verb . To manner of being alone , by one­ make noisy, to disturb with self. noise.

( I)a? ) ngon

Cf. amao eei tu8m . .. oh . bi d Transitive verb . To make agree . Cf. amao mao oh. Cf. amao mao oh. dr dr Expressive. Describes a group 's (animals or persons ) Cf. earn . . . oh . being noisy . Cf. ka . . . oh. ok Noun . No gramma tical classi­ fi er. Rear room of house. p

61 Noun . Classifier: boh. A let­ pac l Transi ti ve verb . To wash ter of the Rhade alphabet, 8. (one's face). bi pac Transitive verb . To 6 2 (PC: ?o? 'to vomit '). In trans­ wash (someone else 's face ). itive verb . To vomit. bi 8 Transitive verb . To make pac 2 Transitive verb . To claw vomit. (of cat , tiger , etc.). bi pac Transi tive verb . To dl No un . Cl as sifier: boh . A let­ make claw . To claw (plural ). ter of the Rhade alphabet, �. (PC: pah 'to slap ' ). 2 pah l d2 Cf. d ,1I2, jj2 . (Grammatical Transi tive verb . To hit, to class membership not yet ana­ slap. lysed). Yes . In transitive verb . To agree. bi pah Transitive verb . To make hit, to make slap. To hit, bi � Transitive verb . To make to slap (plural). agree . Cf . atam pah . dham Intransitive verb . To clear one's throat . pah2 Transitive verb . To pay (archaic ) . bi �ham Transitive verb . To make (someone ) clear his throat . bi pah Transitive verb . To pay (plural ) (archaic ). dhiam Adjective. Bitter and sour (of eggplant , rice wine). pai (PC: tarapa i 'rabbit '). Noun. Cl assifier : dre i . Rab­ bi �h iam Transiti ve verb . To bit. make bitter and sour (eggplant , rice wine). paih Transitive verb . To dig up with on e's hands or paws . dh iek Adjective. Very bitter (of eggplant , rice wine) . b i pa i h Transitive verb . To make dig up something with hands bi �h i�k Transi tive ve rb . To or pa ws. To dig up with paws make very bitter (eggplant , or claws (plural ) . rice wine). pal Transitive verb . To cut d:dh (Grammatical class member­ superficially. ship not yet analysed). No . bi pa l Transitive verb . To d:ur Expressive. Describes man­ cut superficially . ner of motor vehicle's passing. pam Transi tive verb . To cover dl Noun. Classifier: boh . A let­ in order to protect (plant , ter of the Rhade alphabet. d. frui t, etc.). bi pam Transiti ve verb . To d2 Cf. � 2 , 1I2 , jj2 . (Grammatical cover in order to protect class membership not yet ana­ (plant, fruit, etc.) (plural ). lysed). Yes. In transitive verb . To agree . pang Transitive verb . To cover, to shelter . 103

bi pang Transi tive verb . To pel Noun . Classifier: ee. cover, to shelter ( plural ) . Shovel , spade . pap Intransitive verb . To have per CLassifier. Pair ( of ear­ pity. rings , shoes, etc . ) . bi pa p Intransi tive verb . To ( ) pet pet Expressive. Describes have pity plural . manner of sounding vehicle horn. klei pa p Noun . No gramma tical classifier. Pity, sympathy . pe ( PC: pe? 'to pick, to pluck' ) . Transi tive verb . To pick pa p mna i Sentence . I'm sorry, ( fruit ) . To pick, to pluck pardon, excuse me . Have pity. ( musical instrument ) . pa ( PAN : e(m)pat 'four' , PC: bi p e Transitive verb . To pa :? 'four ' ) . Numeral . Four . pick ( fruit ) ( plural ) . To make pick a musical ins trument , to Cf. h rue pa . make pluck a musical instrument . Cf. m I an pa . pep Intransitive verb . To make pakke ( PC: pak-ke 'gecko' ) . a certain sound ( of tiger) . Noun . Classifier: drel. Tree bi pep Transitive verb . To lizard. make ( tiger) make a certain sound. panl Cf. dua pan . Cf. mlan dua pan. pe Adjecti ve . Soft ( of fruit, vegetable) . Deflated. Cf. mlan sa pan . bi pe Transitive verb . To Cf. sa pan. make soft ( fruit, vegetable) . To deflate. pan 2 Transi ti ve verb . To bandage . bi pan Transitive verb . To p�c Transi tive verb . To pull bandage ( plural ) . ( cotton) through a km�c to soften it before spinning thread. pan3 Cf. hjan pan. bi p�c Transitive verb . To pull ( cotton) through a km�c pang (pc: paQ 'to make wall' ) . to soften it before spinning Transitive verb . To build thread ( plural ) . ( fence, wall) . bi pang Transitive verb . To pha ( PAN : paqa 'thigh, stalk, build ( fence, wall ) ( plural ) . stem' , PC: pha 'thigh' ) . Noun . Classifi er : ee. Thigh. pap Intransitive verb . To growl ( of deer, lion , tiger, etc . ) . phao ( PC: phau 'gun ' ) . Noun . Classifier: .ee. Gun . bi pap Transi tive verb . To make growl ( deer, lion, tiger, phao ktuang Noun . Classifier: etc . ) . ee. Firearm, gun ( generic, including from pistol up to pat cannon) . pat Ciang Preverb . Almost. Cf. boh phao. peh Tr.ansitive verb . To push phatl ( PAN : paqat 'chisel', PC: gently with any part of one's pha:? 'chisel ' ) . Cf. mnhat, body except hands . pnhat. Transitive verb . To bi peh Transitive verb . To chisel . ( ) make someone push something bi phat Transitive verb . To gently with any part of his body chisel ( plural ) . except hands . phat2 Transitive verb . To set­ tle , to solve ( dispute ) . 104

bi phat Transitive verb . To phidr (PC: por 'to fly'). In­ settle , to solve (di spute) (plu­ transitive verb . To fly. ral). bi phidr Transitive verb . To make fly . pha (PC: pha? 'to, towards '). Cf. mpha . No un . No grammatical Cf. ede h phidr. classifier. Direction , way . Adjective . Toward. Direct, phi (PAN : paqit 'bitter ', PC : exactly on target . phi? 'bitter '). Adjecti ve . Bitter. Noun . Classifier: a s ar. bi pha Transitive verb . To adjust direction of, to align Gall bladder. with, to aim (gun) . bi phi Transitive verb . To make bitter . phak phak Expressive. Describes ea phi. manner of an elephant 's breaking Cf. something. Cf . eyan phi. Cf. hrue eyan phi. phang Expressive. Describes manner of gun 's firing once . phik phik Expressi ve . Describes phang phang Expressi ve. Des­ manner of stamping or pounding. cribes manner of gun's firing repeatedly . phit phit Expressive . Describes manner of working diligently. phap Expressive. Describes man­ ner of slapping. pho Expressive. Describes manner of falling . phap phap Expressive. Des­ cribes manner of slapping re­ pho pho Expressive. Describes peatedly . manner of several ob jects' falling . phar Expressive. Describes man­ ner of being awakened suddenly phok ph ok Expressi ve . Desc ribes or startlingly. manner of an elephant 's breaking something. phe phe Expressive. Describes manner of working diligently. phong Expressive. Describes manner of gun firing once in phe Cf. kphe . Noun . Classifier : the distance. asar. Coffee bean. No gram­ phong phong Expressive. Des­ ma tical classifier. Coffee . cribes manner of gun firing Cf. ana phe. repeatedly in the distance. Cf. ea phe. phung Noun . No classifier. Group . (Grammatical class mem­ ph�c Transi tive verb . To startle. bership not yet analysed). A bi ph�c Transitive verb . To word which optionally occurs startle. preceding nouns having plural referent . phi Expressi ve . Describes manner of a person's jumping into water . phun 1 (PAN : puqun 'tree , trunk , basis, origin' , PC : phun phi phi Expressive . Describes 'plant'). Noun . Cl assifi er : manner of several persons ' jum­ bit. Base of plant stem, base ping into water. of tree trunk . Small plant . phing Expressive. Describes man­ phun etak Ian Cf. ana etak Ian. ner of gun or cannon's firing Noun . Cl assifier: aru at. Pea­ once. nut plant . phing ph ing Expressive. Des­ ph un eya Noun . Classifier : ee . cribes manner of gun or cannon's Ginger plant , turmeric plant . firing repeatedly. 105

phun djam bei sung Cf. ana piet No un . Classifier: drei . djam bei sung . Noun . Classi­ Tick (insect). fi er: ge . Cabbage plant . pih Transiti ve verb . To brush ph un karot Cf. ana karot. off (as dust from clothes). Noun . Classifier : ge . Carrot Noun . Classifier: bl i�. Kind plant . of sacrifice in which animal phun kbao Noun . Classifier : blood is brushed on someone . ge . Sugarcane plant . bi pih Tr ansi tive verb . To phun kpaih Cf. ana kpaih. brush off (as dust from clothes) Noun . Classifier: ge. Cotton (plural) . To make brush off plant . something. phun krum Cf. ana krum. Noun . pi1 Noun . Classifier: boh . Classifier: ge . Indigo plant . Battery. phun kton Cf. ana kton. Noun . Classifier: ge . Kind of fern pin plant . pin ea Noun . Classifier: boh . Dammed water reservoir near a phun md ie Noun . Classi fier: spring . bTt. Rice plant . phun mnga djam bei sung Cf. ping Transi ti ve verb . To push ana mnga djam bei sung . Noun . gently with any part of one's Classifier: ge . Cauliflower body except hands. plant . bi ping Transitive verb . To phun mdWa ih Cf. ana mdWaih. make (someone ) push something Noun . Classifier: ge. Kind of gently with any part of his fern plant . body except hands. phun salat Noun . No grammatical pioh (PC: ipoh 'to conserve'). classifier. Lettuc e plant . Transitive verb . To keep, to save . To put away . phun 2 phun do (Grammatical class b i pi oh Transi ti ve verb . To membership not yet analysed ). keep , to save (plural). To Formerly, long ago . put away (plural). phung (PC: phu :O 'leper , lep­ pip pip Expressive. Describes rosy' ). Noun . No gramma tical manner of sounding a vehicle classifier. Leprosy. horn. phup phup Expressi ve . Describes pit pit Expressive. Describes manner of a pig's eating . manner of sounding a vehicle horn. phur Expressive. Describes man­ ner of being awakened suddenly piu Noun . Classifier : �o . or startlingly. Married person 's secret lover . phur phur Expressive. Describes piu ekei Noun . Classifier: �o . manner of several persons ' being Secret boyfriend. awakened suddenly or startlingly. piu mnie Noun . Classifier: �o. Mistress, secret girlfriend. pia Transitive verb . To call (something ) a name . pIp In transitive verb . To make bi pia Transitive verb . To a certain sound (of tiger) . make call something a name . bi pTp Transitive verb . To Cf. boh pia. make (tiger) make a certain sound. piedk Adjective . Blue . pIt1 Cf. mpTt . (PC: pi :t 'to bi piedk Transitive verb . To sleep'). In transi tive verb . make blue . To sleep. 106

bi prt Transi tive verb . To p1e Adjecti ve . Usel ess, weak . make sleep. p1eh l Intransitive verb . To pit2 Cf. ktro prt. alternate, to take turns . (PC: pi I a 'to plant'). bi pleh Transiti ve verb . To pla make alternate, to make take Transi tive verb . To plant . turns. bi pIa Transitive verb . To plant (plural). pleh2 Transitive verb . To shell (corn) , to remove from a clus­ p1ah l Transitive verb . To argue ter. over, to fight over (property of recently deceased person). bi pleh Transitive verb . To make shell corn, to make remove bi plah Transitive verb . To something from a cluster . make argue , to make fight over property of recently deceased p1ei (PC: uplai 'squash'). No un . person. Classifier : boh . Pumpkin. Cf. boh pIe i . plah2 Transitive verb . To flirt with (married person). Cf. hrue boh plei bi plah Transi tive verb . To Cf. hrue plei . flirt with (married person) (plural ) . ple Transitive verb . To drop . ana plang. bi pIe Transitive verb . To p1ang Cf. drop . p1aol (PAN : pulaw 'island' ). ple Noun . Classifier: boh . No un . Classifier: boh. Large Scrotum (of human ). island. Cf. asar pIe. p1ao2 Adjective . Swollen. Cf. boh pIe. bi plao Transitive verb . To cause to swell. p1�cl Adjective . Evading tasks by doing something else . plat Transitive verb . To hit , bi pl�c Transitive verb . To to slap . make evade tasks . bi plat In transitive verb . To hit, to slap (plural ). Trans­ p1�c2 Transitive verb . To carry, itive verb . To make hit some­ to hold (ball ) (in ballgame ). thing, to make slap something . bi pl�c Transiti ve verb . To carry, to hold (ball) (in ball­ plal (Grammatical class member­ ship not yet analysed ). Exactly , game ) . right (as in 'right there '). p1i In tra ns itive verb . To play in dirt . pla2 (PAN: pa laj 'palm of hand', PC : pa I a:? 'sole , palm'). bi pl i Transitive verb . To pIa kngan No un . Classifi er : boh . make play in dirt . Palm of hand. p1in Transitive verb . To make pIa jdng Noun . Classifier: boh . play in dirt . To make wallow Sole of foot . in mud . bi pI in In transitive verb . p1am Noun . Classifier: boh . To play in dirt. To wallow in Scrotum (of animal ). mud . Cf . asar plam. plidr Noun . Classifier: asar. p1ap p1ap Expressive . Describes Hail . manner of a pig's eating. 107

plI Cf. dok pl f. bi pom Transitive verb . To pump up with a tyre pump (plu­ pIIng No un. Classifier: drei. ral ) . Kind of green insect. pO Transitive verb . To trans­ plIp Expressi ve . Describes an plant . To move (bird trap) action's being fast or sudden. from one place to another. plo Expressi ve. Describes manner pOk 1 Classifier for flat objects. of falling. (PC: pok 'to open' ). Cf. plo plo Expressi ve . pok 2 Describes kpok. Transitive verb . manner of several objects' To falling. open. To turn on (radio). b i pok Trans i ti ve verb . To pluh 1 (PAn : puluq 'ten', pc: pluh open (plural ). To turn on , ten' ) . Numeral . Ten. (radio) (plural). Cf. mlan pluh. p8 (PC: po 'owner '). Noun. Cl as­ Cf. mlan pluh dua . sifier : �8. Person.

Cf. mlan pluh sa . C f. hIe i po iiu • pluh2 Intransitive verb . To p8e Cf. epoe . Transi ti ve verb . sprout . To wash (rice) . bi pluh Transitive verb . To bi poe Transitive verb . To make sprout. make wash rice . plum (PC: plu:m 'bloodsucker '). p8ng 1 Cf. apong 1 • No un . Clas­ No un . No classifier. Land si fier : boh . Bird cage , chicken leech. coop.

plUk Noun . No gramma tical clas­ p8ng2 Cf. apong2• Noun . Clas­ si fier. Area north of Banmethuot sifier: boh . Wheel . inhab ited by the Bih tribe . pd No un . Classifier: boh . A pltl Expressive. Describes manner letter of the Rhade alphabet , of falling. p. pl� pl� Expressive. Describes pdak (PC: pa 7a:7 'armpit '). manner of several objects' No un . Classifier: boh . Armpit . falling . pdphut Cf. edeh pdph ut. pnhat Cf . mnhat, phat1• Noun. Cl assifier : boh . I;.e . Chisel pdk Transitive verb . To pull (northern dialect). tight , to beat (thread) in weaving . pnoh (PC: panoh 'drumsticks' ). Cf. mnoh , poh . Noun . Classi fier : bi p�k Transitive verb . To ge. Drumstick, tambourine stick. make pull tight, to make beat (thread) in weaving. poh (PC: poh 'to strike , to pound'). Cf. mnoh , pnoh. Trans ­ pang (PC: pSQ 'to nail'). itive verb . To stir with one's Transitive verb . To chisel. hand. To beat , to hit . b I p�ng Transi ti ve verb . To bi poh Transitive verb . To make (someone ) chisel something. stir with one's hand (plural). To beat , to hit (plural). To prah (PC: prah no reconstructed hit (two objects) together . gloss ). Transi ti ve verb . To beat, to hit with a broom , stick, porn No un . Classifi er : . I;.e . Tyre etc . To exti nguish (fire) by pump . Tra nsi tive verb . To pump beating . To knock down (fruit) up with a tyre pump. with a pole . 108

bi prah Transitive verb . To pra12 Cf. suaih pral . make beat , to make hit with a broom, stick, etc . To beat , to prang Noun . Classi fier: �S. hit with a broom, stick, etc . Frenchman. To extinguish (fire) by beating (plural ). To make (someone ) prap Transitive verb . To pack knock down fruit with a pole . (clothes, food, etc.). prap Transitive verb . To praih Transi tive verb . To pack (clothes, food, etc.). scratch (rice) out of a basket (of chicken) . prat Adjective . Sealed closed bi pra ih Transitive verb . To by dried secretion (of diseased make (chicken) scratch rice out eye ) . of a basket . bi prat Transitive verb . To seal closed (diseased eye) (of pral Adjective . Fat , oily . disease, etc.). bi praf Transitive verb . To make oily . Intransiti ve verb . pre Cf. kpre. Noun . Classifier: To be fat , to be oily . &e . Brake . ea prar. Cf. pren Noun . No grammatical cl as­ sifier. Name of a waterfall pral Cf. pral l. Adjecti ve . in Dalat . Fast. bi pra l Transitive verb . To pring Transitive verb . To re­ make fast . lease , to turn loose (animal). To teach to fly (young bird, pram Transitive ve rb . To cover of old bird) . in order to protect (plant , bi pring Transi tive verb . To frui t, etc.). release, to turn loose (animal ). bi pram Transi ti ve verb . To To teach to fly (young bird, of cover in order to protect old bird) . (plant , fruit, etc .) (plural) . prlk prlk Expressive. Describes prangl Transitive verb . To manner of shaking out clothes . cover, to shelter . prln Adjective . Big (of infant ). bi prang Transi tive verb . To cover , to shelter (plural). bi prfn Transitive verb . To make grow big (infant ). prang 2 Transitive verb . To attack in defense of offspring prlp prlp Expressive . Describes (of bird). manner of a bird's flapping its wings . bi prang Transitive verb . To make attack in de fense of off­ pro Expressive . Describes man­ spring . ner of falling. pirak Noun . prak (PC: 'silver'). prong (PC: proQ 'large'). Ad­ Classifier: pok. Bill , currency, jective . Pl ural : pdprong . Big, money. large . prak kak Noun . Clas sifier : pok. bi prong Transitive verb . To Money. make big, to make large . prak khang Noun . Classifier: Cf. &ang aha prong . pok. Coin. pr&c (PC: pruec (1) 'intestines'). prall Cf. pral. Adjective . In­ No un . Classi fier: aruat. In­ tensive: pral kdal . Fast. testine. bl pral Transitive verb . To pro� ebeh Noun . Classifier: make fast . aruat. Appendix. r------

109

pr8� khua Noun . Cl assifier: puh ya Intransitive verb . To aruat. Large intestine . have waves (of body of water). pr8c mda Noun. Classifier: bi puh ya Intransitive verb . aruat. Small intestine. To have wave s (of body of water ).

prok (PC: pro:k 'squirrel '). pui Cf. apul . Noun . No gram­ Noun . Classifier : drei . Mon­ ma tical classifier. Fire. (7). goose , squirrel Cf. �uh pu i. pr�t Adjective . Bare , leafless. Cf. edeh pui . bi prdt Transitive verb . To Cf . k 1 u i � pu i . make bare, to make leafless. Cf. mdang pu i . pruh Transitive verb . To startle Cf. mrai pui . into flight (animal ). Cf . sang pu i . bi pruh Transitive verb . To startle into flight (plural). puih Transitive verb . To remove (that which adheres). Tr ansiti ve verb . To spew pruihl bi pu ih Transitive verb . To out . To spew something out at . remove (that which adheres) bi pruih Transitive verb . To (plural ) . spew out (plural) . To make spew Cf. yan pu i h. out . pum Noun . Classifier: boh . pruih2 Transitive verb . To pour , Dense overhead vegetation in to sprinkle (water ) (ti on a jungle. plant , or on clothes before ironing) . pu Transitive verb . To hold, bi pruih Transiti ve verb . To to lift . (ti pour , to sprinkle (water) bi pu Transitive verb . To on a plant , or on clothes before make hold something, to make ironing) . lift something. Noun . Classifier: boh . prung puk l In transi tive verb . To Basket . argue . pru pru Expressive . Describes bi pUk In transitive verb . To manner of many objects' (such as argue. fruits from a tree) falling. puk 2 Transitive verb . To make prtl Noun . Classifier: boh . Kind cloudy, to make unclear by of bamboo fish net device. stirring up (liquid) . bi puk Transitive verb . To puah Transitive verb . To cas­ make cloudy , to make unclear by trate. stirring up (liquid ). bi puah Transitive verb . To castrate (plural). pul Transitive verb . To scratch away (dust , dirt ) from sitting puh l Transitive verb . To drive place on ground (of chicken). away (animal). bi pUl Transi ti ve verb . To bi puh Transitive verb . To make (chicken) scratch away drive away (animal) (plural ). dust or dirt from sitting place on ground. puh2 (PC: papuh no reconstructed gl oss) . Transitive verb . To PUng Noun . Classifier: boh . blow (of wind) . Bladder . Balloon.

b i puh Transi ti ve verb . To Adjective . Full (of moon) . blow (of wind) (plural ). pur 110

bi pur Transitive verb . To rao (PC: rau 'to wash'). Trans­ make full (moon) . itive verb . To wash (one's body) . ptlc Transi tive verb . To spread bi rao Trans itive verb . To apart (cut , long opening). wash (part of someone else 's bi p�c Transitive verb . To body). To wash (one's body) make (someone) spread apart a (plural ). To make (someone ) cut or long opening. wash part of his body . rao mngat Transi tive ve rb . To pdh Transi tive verb . To fan . baptise . bi p�h Transitive verb . To bi rao mngat Transi tive verb . fan (plural). To make fan . To baptise (plural). ptli Transitive verb . To wave (one's hand) . To wave to . ra Adjective. Greedy , selfish. bi ra Transi tive verb . To make b i p�i Transi ti ve verb . To make wave . greedy , to make seLfish . rak Cf. ak rak. ptlih Cf. en�i h p�i h. ram Transitive verb . To build pUk No un . Classifier: boh . Small house. (fire) . bi ram Transitive verb . To ptlng Transitive verb . To butt build (fi re) (plural). gently . rang Intransitive verb . To be bi p�ng Transiti ve verb . To careful . butt gently (plural) . To make butt something gently . bi rang Transi tive verb . To make be careful . pctk No un . Classifier : boh. Temple (body part) . raO Transitive verb . To awaken, to wake up . bi rao Transi tive verb . To awaken, to wake up (plural). R reh (PC: reh 'to cut'). Trans - rah Transitive verb . To scatter. To sow. itive verb . To shred. bi reh Transitive verb . To bi rah Transi ti ve verb . To make (someone ) shred. scatter (plural ). To sow (plu­ ral ) . Cf. hat reh. rai Adjecti ve . Damaged, de­ reng reng Expressi ve. Describes stroyed. manner of a telephone 's ringing. bi ra i Transi tive verb . To re re Cf. rdi rdi . Expressive. damage , to destroy . Describes one's staying a long time . ram Adjecti ve . Wilted. bi ram Transiti ve verb . To riah Transitive verb . To cut make wilt . diagonally . bi riah Transi tive verb . To rangl Transitive verb . To spread cut diagonally (plural) . to dry in the sun. bi rang Transi ti ve verb . To riak Transi ti ve verb . To spread spread to dry in the sun (plu­ out in order on a surface. ral ) . bi rlak Transitive verb . To spread out in order on a sur­ rang2 Cf. hlo rang . face (plural ). 111

riap Transitive verb . To align, r5 Transi tive verb . To disturb , to place side-by-side. to frighten away unintention­ ally. bi riap Transi ti ve verb . To align, to place side-by-side b i r8 Transi ti ve ve rb . To (plural ) . disturb , to frighten away un­ intentionally. riak riak Expressi ve. Describes manner of children 's laughing. rd Noun . Classi fier: boh . A let­ Describes manner of a small ter of the Rhade alphabet, r. bell's ringing. rawolwer Noun . Classifier: �e . ring Transi tive verb . To hold Revolver gun . on to while walking. rdk Noun . No gramma tical classi­ bi ring Transi ti ve verb . To fi er . Grass, plant (shorter make hold on while walking. than abou t three feet). Cf. mnam ring. rdng l Intransi tive verb . To be rit Noun . Classifier: drei . impo ssible (kd for) . Bat (animal). bi rdng Intran si tive verb . To be impo ssible (kd for ) (plu­ ri Transitive verb . To whittle . ral ) . bi rT Transitive verb . To whittl e (plural ). To make rdng 2 Adjective. Firm, stron g , whittle. not easily broken, hearty, not easily killed . Transi tive verb . ring To ask bi rdng Transitive verb . To for , to reque st . make firm, to make hearty , to bi rfng Transitive verb . To make strong , to strengthen . ask for , to request (plural). ru Transitive verb . To pour roh Noun . Cl assi fier: co . Enemy, (liquid). Adjecti ve . opponent . Disagre e­ bi ru Transitive verb . To mak e able, unfriendly . pour liquid. bi roh Adjective . Disagree­ able , unfriendly (plural) . ruah (PC: ruah 'to choose'). Adjective. Choosy, particular . roh gah Noun . No gramma ti cal Transitive verb . To choose, to classifier. Dissens ion, trouble . pick out , to select. Noun . Cl assifi er : co. roh klin bi ruah Transiti ve verb . To Communist . choose, to pick out , to select (plural). To make choose some­ rong (PC: roo 'back'). Noun . thing , to make pick out some­ Cl assifier: boh . Back. thing , to make select something. Noun . Cl assi fier: �e . roc Wooden rua (PC: rua? 'painful '). Ad­ beam supported by and at right jective . Hurting , painful . angle to kill and supporting bam­ boo upon which thatch is placed, bi rua Transitive verb . To in traditional hou se . hurt . klei rua eh �rah Noun . No rang (PC: ro :o 'to nourish '). grammatical classifier. Cholera, Transitive verb . To take care dysentery. of (animal , child) . To rai se (animal ) . rue rue Expressive. Describes bi rang Transitive verb . To manner of following constantly. take care of (animal , child) (plural ). To raise (animal ) rue 1 C f. r u tP Adjecti ve . (plural ) . Finished. 112

bi rue Transitive verb . To bi ru Transitive verb . To finish . push up (mound of soil ) from underground (of plant ) (plural ). rue 2 (PC: ruai 'fly, insect'). To loosen (soil) around the Cf. ru�2 Intrans itive verb . base of a tree (plural). To To follow in a column (of ants, pull out of the ground, to up­ soldiers) . root (plural). bi rue Transi tive verb . To rung 1 Adjective. Worried. make follow in a column . Transitive verb . To condole . rue Cf. erue No un . Clas sifier: bi rung Adjective . Worried dre i . Fly (insect). (plural). Transi tive verb . To make worry . Cf. eh rue. Adjective . Snarled, 1 Adjective . rung2 ru; P Cf. rue • tangled . Finished . bi rung Transi ti ve verb . To bi ru� Transitive verb . To snarl, to tangle . finish. rung 3 Adjective . Stampeding. ru� 2 Cf. rue2. Intransitive verb . To follow in a column bi rung Transi ti ve ve rb . To (of ants, soldiers ). make stampede . �i rul Transiti ve verb . To rtli rtli Cf. re reo Expressive. make follow in a column . Describes one's stayi ng a long time . Describes manner of post­ ruh Transiti ve verb . To untie. poning things repeatedly . bi ruh Transi tive verb . To untie (plural) . rtlng Adjective . Apart , wide­ spaced. {PC: ruai 'to crawl'}. In- rui bi r�ng Transitive verb . To trans i ti ve verb . To crawl . place apart , to separate . bi ru i Transitive verb . To make crawl . ruih Noun . Cl assifi er : brt. s Ringworm, kind of skin disease . sa (PAN : esa 'one , to count', bi ruih Adjective. Having PC: sa 'one'). Numeral . One . much ringworm skin disease. sa hdra elan Noun . No gram­ Cf. kmhe ruih. ma tical classifier. One-way street . ruoih Transi tive verb . To place one's hand on, to touch. sa pan Numeral. Eight . bi ruoih Transitive verb . To Cf. hrue sa. place one's hand on, to touch Cf . mlan pluh sa. (plural). To make (someone) touch something . Cf. mlan sa . Cf. mlan sa pan . rup (PC: rup 'form, image'). Noun . Classifier : pok. Image , sa� (PC: sa:c 'to splash '). picture . Transitive verb . To splash with water . ru Transitive verb . To push up (mound of soil) from underground bi sac Transitive verb . To (of plant ). To loosen (soil) splash with water (plural ). around the base of a tree. To To make splash something. pull out of the ground, to up­ sac ea Intrans itive verb . To root . splash. To remove water from a pool to catch fish . 113

bi sac ea Transitive verb . To san! Transitive verb . To sacri­ splash (plural ). To make splash fice (oneself) for something or water . To remove water from a someone. pool to catch fish (plural). bi san Tr ansitive verb . To sacrifice (oneself) for some­ sah! Adjective . Diluted, weak thing or some one (plural). because watered down , watery (of wine). san2 Transitive verb . To press bi sah Transitive verb . To contents of in order to make dilute, to make weak by water­ more compact. ing down, to make watery. bi san Transitive verb . To press contents of in order to sah2 Adjecti ve. Smoked to the make mo re compact. finish (of pipe tobacco). bi sah Transitive verb . To sang ! No un . Classifier: boh . fi ni sh (pipe tobacco) . Wheel . sak Trans itive verb . To move sang2 Intransi ti ve verb . To from one place to another . To understand . Transitive verb . cock (crossbow, gun) . To understand. bi sak Transitive verb . To bi sang Transitive verb . To move from one place to another . make (someone) understand. To make (someone) cock a cross­ Cf . ea sang . bow or gun . SanCJ 3 salat Noun . Classifier: boh . sang "a i Noun. Classifier: Lettuce. aruat. Chain. Cf. phun salat. sap Tr ansitive verb . To fold . sang {PC: sa:Q 'house ' } . No un . bi sap Transitive verb . To Classifier : boh . House. make (someone ) fold something. sang Cd No un . Classifier : boh. Market . seleri Noun . Classifier: &e . Celery stalk . sang ea drao No un . Classifier : boh . Hospital . Cf. ana seleri . sang hra Noun . Cl assifier: boh . se Cf. "e. In transitive verb . School. To move aside . Transitive verb . sang pui Noun . Cl assifier: boh . To move aside , to remove . Kitchen . bi se Transitive verb . To Cf. mbong sang. move aside , to remove. sar No un . Clas sifier: &e. Very s� No un . Cl assifier: drei . Kind hard heartwood of tree. of hard-shelled insect such as beetle . Cf. ede h sar. s&c Transitive verb . To rip sa Transitive verb . To embroi­ out , to untangle, to unweave . der . To knit . To tie together (roofing , wall , flooring , etc.). bi s&c Transitive verb . To rip out , to untangle, to un­ bi sa Transitive verb . To em­ weave (plural). broider (plural) . To make em­ broider. To knit (plural) . To si In terrogative. Why? make knit. To tie together (roofing , wall , flooring, etc .) sl kle i Interroga ti ve. What? (plural) . To make tie together si nga In terrogative . What? roofing, wall, flooring, etc . 114

si to hmo (Grammatical class sft nfk Adjecti ve . Definite, membership not yet analysed ). for sure. For example. bi sft nfk Adjecti ve . Def­ inite , for sure . siam (PC: siam 'good' ). Adjec­ tive. Intensive: siam sfn. slul Adjective . Overflowing or Good . Beautiful , pretty . appearing full because of some bi siam Transitive verb . To obstruction. make beautiful, to make pretty. bi slul Transitive verb . To To make good, to improve . To make overflow or appear full apply make-up to . because of some obstruction. (PC: chia:p 'w ng' ). siapl ! soh Adjective . Wrong. No un . Classifier: pok . Wing and wing feathers (of bird) . bi soh Transitive verb . To Wing (of aeroplane ). lead astray , to misguide , to give wrong information to . b i s i ap Adjective . Having many wing feathers . 'sor Cf. lor sor. Transitive verb . To spread siap2 so (PC: so no reconstructed out . gloss) . Adjective. Intensive: bi siap Transitive verb . To so sia. Old (of inanimate ob­ spread out (plural). j ect) . bi so Transitive verb . To sia Cf. so s i a. make old. Noun . Classifier: co. Thai . siam so� Cf. ks8c. Transitive verb . To ravel (thread), to unstring, sim Transitive verb . To secure , to remove from a hole, to with­ to tighten. draw . bi sim Transitive verb . To bl s8c Transitive verb . To secure, to tighten (plural ). ravel (thread) , to unstring, to remove from a hole , to with­ simang Noun. No gramma tical draw (plural) . cl assifier. Cement . sok l (PC: sok 'to strike, to No un . Classifi er : drei . sin pound'). Transitive verb . To Kind of duck. ram with a long object. sir Adjective . Tight , not bi sok Transi tive verb . To leaking. ram with a long object (plural). bi sir Transitive verb . To sok2 Noun . Classifier: boh . make tight , to make not leak . Placenta. 51 Transitive verb . To wound song Adjecti ve . Regretful for by cutting. having loaned something . bi sf Transitive verb . To bi song Adjective . Regretful wound by cutting. for having loaned something (plural) . sIn Cf. siam sTn. Cf. sui sfn. 5& Intransitive verb . To be in contac t with, to touch. Adjective. sIt Correct, real, bi s� Transitive verb . To right, true . place (something) in contact bi sTt (Grammatical class (hong with) , to touch (some­ membership not yet analysed) . thing) (hong to). Definite, for sure . sd No un . Classifier: boh . A let­ ter of the Rhade alphabet, s. 115

sdai (Grammatical class member­ bi srik Transitive verb . To ship not yet analysed) . All, make cold and shivering . each, every . srip srip Expressive. Describes sdbram Adjecti ve . Hairy (of manner of sniffling. Describes body, not of scalp) . manner of slurping. sdih Transi ti ve verb . To drive sroc sroc Expressive. Describes away (chicken) . manner of losing something gradually piece by piece. bi sdi h Transitive verb . To dr ive away (chicken) . sruah sruah Expressive. Des­ cribes manner of elephant 's sdnak (Grammatical class member­ shooting water from its trunk . ship not yet analysed). Very . srup Adjective . Entering or sdr Noun. Classifier : co . Nun . penetrating easily without obstruction . sdrang Preverb . Future marker. bi srup Transitive verb . To sa Transitive verb . To move make enter easily , to make aside , to remove . Intransitive penetrate easily. verb . To move aside . srtth Adjective. Careless, un- bi s� Intransitive verb . To mindful . move aside . Transitive verb . To move aside, to remove . bi sr�h Transitive verb . To be careless with, to be un­ sak No un . Classifi er: boh . Small mindful of. bamboo basket . sra sra Expressive. Describes sang Transitive verb . To hurl, manner of losing something to throw (long object). gradually piece by piece.

bi s�ng Transiti ve verb . To sua (PC: sua no recon structed make hurl , to make throw a long glo ss) . Transitive verb . To object . take back. sang Transitive verb . To measure bi sua Transitive verb . To the volume of. take back (plural) . bi s�ng Transi tive verb . To suah Expressive. Describes measure the volume of (plural). manner of elephant 's shooting water from its trunk or drink­ srai Transitive verb . To sow. ing. To scatter, to throw on the ground. suaih Adjective. Intensive: bi srai Transitive verb . To suaih priil . Fine , healthy . sow (plural). To scatter, to bi suaih Transitive verb . To throw on the ground. make healthy .

srak srak Expressive . Describes sue (PC: sue? 'to pull out'). manner of sliding, slipping. Cf. ksue . Transi ti ve verb . Describes manner of spending To pull out , to withdraw (m�n g money freely . from) . sre Transitive verb . To tighten bi sue Transitive verb . To by turning. pull out , to withdraw (m�ng from) . bi sre Transitive verb . To make (someone) tighten something sui (PC: suai 'long time'). by turning . Adjective . In tensive: sui sfn. Long (of time), prolonged. srik Adjecti ve . Cold and (Grammatical class membership shivering. 116

not yet analysed) . Difficult sUk Cf. ksU'k. Transitive verb . to , not easily, not readily ( as To pull up ( one 's pant s, shirt, in sui j o h 'difficult to break, skirt) . not easily broken ' ) . bi sU'k Transi tive verb . To bi sui Transi tive verb . To pull up ( one's pants, shirt, make slow. skirt ) ( plural) . suih Transitive verb . To drive sup Noun . Classifier: asar, boh. away ( animal) . Kind of fruit, lychee (7). bi suih Transi tive verb . To In transitive verb . To move ( ) sa drive away animal . aside . Transitive verb . To move aside, to remove. sul Transitive verb . To loosen ( cooked rice, soil, etc . ) . bi s� In transi tive verb . To move aside ( plural ) . Trans­ bi suI Transitive verb . To itive verb . To move aside , to make ( someone ) loosen cooked remove ( plural ) . rice, soil, etc . sun Transitive verb . To cram in, to stuff in. To place under something else. T bi sun Transitive ve rb . To ta 1 Adjective . Diseased ( of make cram something in , to make eye) . stuff something in. To make bi ta Transitive verb . To make ( someone ) place something under diseased ( eye ) . something else. sun dok Transi tive verb . To ta2 Cf . 4fng tak ta o sit (ti on ) . tac 1 Noun . No grammatical clas­ b i sun dok Transi tive verb . sifier. Outside . To sit (ti on) ( plural ) . To make sit . ta� �U'ng boh Noun . Classifier: boh . Soccer field. Tpansitive verb . su&t To drive ta� hlap Noun. Classifier: bo h . away ( someone) . Playground. bi suot Transi tive verb . To make drive someone away . tac2 Adjective. Clear , free of vegetation or other obstruction. Transitive verb . sur To clean b i ta� Transi ti ve ve rb . To the inside of ( bamboo section, clear , to make free of vege­ bottle, etc . ) . tation or other obstruction. bi sur Transi tive verb . To ta� mngac Adjective . Clear make clean the inside of bamboo and bright . section, bottle , etc . bi ta� mnga� Transitive verb . sut Transitive verb . To clean , To clean, to make clear and to wipe . bright . bi sut Transitive verb . To tah Cf. mtah2• Transitive verb . make clean something, to make To remove . To play ( Jew's wipe something . harp) . To take apart . sup Noun . No gramma tical clas­ bi tah Transitive verb . To sifier. Soup . remove ( plural) . To make play a Jew's harp . To take apart . sut Cf. hluat sut. To make take apart something. sUb Adjective . Regret ful . taih 1 ( PC : ?atas 'far ' ) . Adjec­ tive. Distant , far . b i s U'h Trans i ti ve verb . To make regret. 117

bi ta ih Transi ti ve verb . To ta (PC: ta? 'to cut'). Trans ­ make distant , to make far . itive verb . To cut , to cut open. To clear (path) . Adjective . Diligent , hard­ taih2 bi ta Transitive verb . To cut, working, industrious. to cut open (plural ). To clear bi ta ih Transiti ve verb . To (path ) (plural). make hard-working, to make persevere . tak ! Transi tive verb . To pull (trigger) . To turn on, to turn tak Transitive verb . To mark , off (switch). to paint (a surface) . bi tak Transiti ve verb . To bi tak Transi ti ve verb . To make pull a trigger. To make mark , to paint (a surface). To turn on a switch, to make turn make (someone ) mark something, off a switch . to make paint a surface. tak2 No un . Classifier: drei . tal ! No un . No classi f ier. Cockroach. Floor , storey. Layer , level, thickness . Instance, time (as in 'how many times? '). Clas­ sifier: a du. Class. tam Trans itive verb . To drive away. Transitive verb . To but­ tal 2 bi tam Transitive ve rb . To cher, to cut, to slice. To cut drive away . a notch in. bi tal Transitive verb . To tang ! Intransitive verb . To butcher, to cut, to slice (plu­ argue , to disagree (hong with, ral) . To cut a notch in (plu­ kd about). Transitive verb . ral ) . To argue about , to disagree about (hong with) . Classifier tal3 for fences, bi tang Intransi tive verb . walls , etc . To argue , to disagree (hong with, kd about ). Transitive nik tam. tam Cf. verb . To argue about , to dis­ agree about (hong with) . tan Cf. ktan. In transitive verb . To open one 's eyes wide . tang2 bi tan Transi tive verb . To tang mang Noun . Classifier: make (someone ) open his eyes drei . Dragonfly. wide . tang tit Noun . Classifier: drei . Butterfly. tang ! Transi ti ve verb . To re- pay , to return . tapl Transitive verb . To pound bi tang Transitive verb . To (rice) to remove the husk . repay , to return (plural ). bi tap Transi ti ve verb . To pound (rice) to remove the husk tang2 Cf. krak tang. (plural ) . Noun . Classifier: ge . tao Very tap2 hard heartwood of tree. tap nang Conjunction . Some­ Cf. hbei tao. times. hrue hbei tao. Cf. tar tar bung Cf . tdr bung . Noun . tar Adjective . In tensive: tar Classifier: boh . Rectangular bar. Everywhere , all over . wooden base of bung basket . bi tar Transiti ve verb . To spread everywhere , to spread tao Cf. boh tao. all over. Cf . boh tao kan. 118

teh Transi tive verb . To hit the Trans itive verb . To supply . (usually with an implement). bi the Transitive verb . To bi teh Transitive verb . To supply. make hit (usually with an imple­ ment) . them Transitive verb . To add mo re of, to increase. tei Cf. ana boh te i hung . bi them Transitive verb . To Cf. boh tei hung . add more of, to increase (plu­ Cf. boh tei nan. ral ) . Cf. mthip. Transitive verb . tern No un . Classifi er: pok. thip Postage stamp . To consume , to exhaust , to finish, to use up . teng Expressive. Describes man­ bi thip Transitive verb . To ner of a bell's ringing once. make consume , to make exhaust , teng teng Expressive. Des­ to make finish, to make use up . cribes manne r of a bell 's ringing repeatedly. tho tho alah Noun . Classifi er: co . Lazy person. tet Cf. tit, tut1 • Noun . Clas­ sifier: boh, klo. Kind of Vietnamese cake made of sticky thd Noun . Classifier: co . rice and pork . Butcher . No un . Classifier: boh . tet tet Expressive . Describes thdt manner of a parrot 's crying . Cutting board. thu (PC: thu 'dry'). Adjective . tS c t�c hn�c Intransitive verb . Dry . to stumble. bi thu Transitive verb . To bi t�c hn�c Transitive verb . dry . To make stumble , to trip. thung Noun . Cl assifier : �e . Shin. tSn Adjective . Slow . bi ten Transitive verb . To thut Transi tive verb . To blow , make slow . to blow up . To inflate. bi thut Transitive verb . To tha Transiti ve ve rb . To release, to turn loose. make blOW , to make blow some­ thing up . To make inflate bi tha Transitive verb . To something. release , to turn loose (plural ). thiin (PAN : taqun 'year , season' , thao Noun . Classifier : depends PC: thun 'year'). Noun . No on shape (if flat sheet : pok). cl assifier. Year. Tin (metal). Classifier: boh . Can, tin. thiing Noun . Classifier: boh . Earthen water jar. thao (PAN : taqu 'accustomed, to know' , PC: thau 'to know'). Cf. th� Transiti ve verb . To punch mthao. Intransitive verb . To with one's fist. know. bi th� Transi ti ve verb . To bi thao Transitive verb . To punch with one's fist (plural ). inform (kd someone ) about , to let (kd someone) know about, th� th� Expressive. Describes to tell (kd someone ) about . manner of exerting great effort . Cf. hra h�n thao . th�t Noun . No cl assifier . Drip. C f. k 1 e i h �n t h a 0 • Intransitive verb . To drip. 119

bi th�t Transitive verb . To tieng No un . Classifier: bTt. make drip. Abscess, boil. bi tieng Adjective. Having ti Preposition . At , in. many abscesses, having many boils . ti anap (Grammatical class mem­ bership not yet analysed) . In tih 1 Tr ansitive verb . To dig front of. with a bamboo spade . ti dih (Grammatical class mem­ bi tih Transitive verb . To bership not yet analysed). make dig with a bamboo spade. There. Cf . boh tih. ti dl&ng (Grammatical class tih2 membership not yet analysed ). til Transiti ve verb . To bore a Above , on. hole in with a pointed object. ti engao (Grammat ical class bi til Transitive verb . To membership not yet analysed) . make bore a hole with a pointed Outside. obj ect . ti gu (Grammatical class mem­ bership not yet analysed ) . ting Cf. mting. Intransitive BelOW, under. verb . To go close , to stay close , to go near, to stay near . ti dj ie& (Grammatical class membership not yet analysed) . bi ting Transitive verb . To Beside . make go close, to make stay close, to make go near, to make t i k rah (Grammatical class stay near. membership not yet analysed) . Between. tiC> (PC: tio? (?) 'to pursue '). ti krah wah (Grammatical class Cf . mtic. Transit ive verb . membership not yet analysed ). To chase . Right in the middle . bi tic Transi tive verb . To ti l e i In terroga tive. Where? chase (plural ). To make chase something . t I nan (Grammatical class mem­ bership not yet analysed). tir Transitive verb . To go There . around (rice field) to search ti ne i (Grammatical clas s mem­ for signs of intruders. bership not yet analysed). bi tir Transitive verb . To Here. make go around a rice field to ti tlu&n (Grammatical class search for signs of intruders. membership not yet analysed ). Behind. tit Cf. tet, tut1• Noun. Clas­ sifier: boh , klc. Kind of tian (PAN : tiyan 'belly', PC : Vietnamese cake made of sticky tia:n 'abdomen '). No un. Clas­ rice and pork . sifier: boh . Belly, stomach. Adjective . Torn . Cf. kua i tian. tI bi tT Transitive verb . To Cf. truh tian. tear . a tie 1 No un. Cl assifi er : tie C f. • tIk No un . No gramma tical classi ­ boh . Liver . fi er . Pus from ear infection. Cf. ai tie. tIng 1 Intransitive verb . To tiel Transitive verb . To whit­ think about , to figure out . tle. Transiti ve verb . To calculate. bi tiel Transi tive verb . To bi tTng Tr ansi tive verb . To make whittle. make think, to make figure some­ thing out . To calculate (plural). 120

ting 2 Cf. klfng tfng . tlao (PC: klau 'to laugh'). In­ transitive verb . To laugh {kd tip Expressive . Describes man­ at ) . ner of quickly tapping or bi tlao Transiti ve verb . To touching something once. make laugh . tfp tfp Expressive. Describes tlao &hun In transitive ve rb . manner of quickly tapping or To smile . touching something repeatedly . bi tlao &hun Transitive verb . Cf. nga tfp tfp. To make smile . tir Expressive . Describes man­ tlao kh�k In transi tive ve rb . ner of cannon's firing. Des­ To laugh with changing tones. cribes lightning striking. bi tlao kh�k Transitive verb . To make laugh with changing tit Cf. tang trt. tones . Cf. bhft trt. tlar � djective. In tensi ve : tlar _ tla Transi tive verb . To pay nd na . Hard, packed (of soil , (debt ) . path, etc.). bi tla Transitive verb . To bi tlar Transitive verb . To pay (debt ) (plural). harden, to make hard, to pack (SOil, path , etc.). tlah Cf. ktalh, mtlah. Trans­ itive verb . To cut off, to pull tla Transitive verb . To force off (branches and leaves), to one's way through . separate (objects which belong bi tla Transitive verb . To together ) . make (someone) force his way bi tlah Transitive verb . To through something. cut off, to pull off (branches and leaves) , to separate (ob­ tlak Transitive verb . To cut a jects which belong together) . notch in. bi tlak Transitive verb . To tlaih (PC: kla:s 'to escape'). make cut a notch. Cf. mtlaih. In trans itive verb . To escape . bi tlaih Transi tive verb . To let esc ape , to make escape . tlan (PC: klan 'boa' ). No un . Classifi er: drei. Python, very tlak Transitive verb . To spread large snake . apart (gras s, hair, etc.). tlang Transitive verb . To hoe. bi tlak Transitive verb . To spread apart (grass, hair, etc.). bi tlang Transitive verb . To make (someone) hoe . tlak elan Intransitive verb . To make way, to step aside . tlap Adjective . Old (of inan­ bi tlak elan Intransitive verb . imate object). To make way , to step aside (plu­ bl tlap Transiti ve verb . To ral ) . make old. kelem tlam (PAN : 'dark', PC: tlao (PAN : telu 'three', PC: klam 'afterno on' ). Noun . No klau 'three'). Numeral. Three . gramma tical classifier. After­ noon . bi tlao (Grammatical class membership not yet analysed). tlan Noun . Clas sifier: drei . By threes, three-by-three . Kind of very small leech. Cf. hrue tlao. tlang (PC: kala:Q 'bird species'). Cf. mlan tlao. Noun . Cl assifier: drel. Eagle. 121

t1e (pc : kle? 'to rob'). Trans- t10k t10k Expressive . Describes itive verb . To steal . manner of hitting a small ob­ ject. bi tIe Transitive verb . To make steal . t10ngl tIe hwak Transi tive verb . To tl�ng tlut Noun . No gramma tical steal . cl assifier. Lower part of back of head . bi tIe hwak Transitive verb . To make steal . tlong 2 Cf. mnuih tIe. tlong tlllt Adjective . Shaking , moving (of liquid) , bumping (of t1e Transitive verb . To pound vehicle on rough road) . (food). bi tlong tlllt Transitive verb . bi tIe Transi tive verb . To To shake, to move (liquid), to make pound. make bump (vehicle on rough road). t1in Cf. un tl in. Noun . Cl assi­ fi er : dre i . Fat pig. t10 Intransi tive verb . To defe- cate , to urinate. Transitive verb . t1ing To tie bi tIe Transitive verb . To the feet of. make defecate, to make urinate . bi tling Transi tive verb . To make (someone) tie the feet of t1dt Cf . tlllt . In transitive something . verb . To jump . Transitive verb . To jump over . Adjective . t1ir Covered com­ bi tldt Transitive verb . To pletely (of carpeted floor, make jump . painted wall, etc.). bi tl ir Transi tive verb . To t1dk Cf. Quem tldk. cover completely (carpeted floor , painted wall , etc.). tla1 Cf. t I u I . Cf. Quom tldl. t1it Adjective . Thick, viscous . bi tl it Transitive verb . To tldng make thick, to thicken , to tldng ea Intransi tive ve rb . make viscous . To fill with water . bi tldng ea Intransi tive verb . t1Ip Adjective . Adhering, To fill with water . sticking together. bi tlfp Transi tive verb . To t1u (PAN : (t)eluR 'egg' ). Noun . make adhere, to make stick Classifier: boh . Scrotum (of together. animal ) . t10h (PC: kloh 'to break'). Ad­ t1uh Cf. mtl uh. In transitive jective . Intensive : tloh khal . ve rb . To covet, to desire, to Broken , cut apart . want . To be attracted to. bi tloh Transitive verb . To bi tluh Transitive verb . To break, to cut apart . make covet, to make desire, to make want . tloh enoh Adjective . Com­ pletely paid for . t1ung Noun . Classifier: boh . bi tloh enoh Transiti ve verb . Swamp. To pay for completely. t1uon (PC: kluan 'behind'). t10 Transitive verb . To stab . Noun . No grammatical classifier . Back part , rear. Classifier: bi tl� Transiti ve verb . To boh . Buttocks . stab (plural). To make stab something. Cf. ti tluon . 122

t1uk t1uk Expressi ve. Describes to� Transi tive verb . To touch manner of hitting an object in with one's index finger . order to knock something out of it. bi t8� Transitive verb . To touch with one 's index finger Cf. tldl. (plural). To make (someone) t1u1 touch something with his index Cf. 4u8m tlu! . finger .

t1Um (PC: klum 'to cover'). tong l Tr ansitive verb . To hit Transitive verb . To cover with an implement. (hong with). bi t8ng Transitive verb . To bi tlum Transi tive verb . To hit with an implement . cover (hong with) . tong2 No un . Cl assi fier: boh . tlun Noun . Classifier: drei . Kind of growth or tumor on nose. Tadpole. t�l No un . Classifier : boh . A t1Uh Transitive verb . To dig letter of the Rhade alphabet. t. with force . bi tl�h Transi tive verb . To tC12 dig with force (plural) . t� dah Conjunction . If. when. tC1hik Expressive. Describes t1ung Transi tive verb . To push. manner of grinning. smiling. bi tl�ng Transi tive verb . To make push. tC11 (PC: tal 'until '). Adjec­ tive . Able to reach. Cf . tl�t. Intransi ti ve t1tlt bi t�1 Transitive verb . To verb . To jump . Transitive make able to reach. verb . To jump over . t�1 k� (Grammat ical class mem­ bi tl�t Transitive verb . To bership not yet analysed) . make jump. Until. up to . C f. t l ong t I �t . tdmdng Expressive. Describes toh (PC: toh 'to undress'). manner of remaining motionless. Transi tive verb . To remove . still. to take off (garment ). Expressive. Describes man­ bi toh Transitive verb . tdng To ner of crossbow trigger 's being remove . to take off (garment ). released. toi Noun . Cl assifier: asar. Garlic . tC1r t�r bung Cf . tar bung. Noun . Classifi er : boh . Rectangular to Particle. To ih d� ho . bung 'It's your fault .' To d8k y�h wooden base of basket . ih de ho . 'Take care of your­ tC1t Adjective . Short (in height . self. ' (in leave taking). length) . tok Noun . Classifier: boh. Small bi t�t Transi tive verb . To back basket. make short . to shorten.

to td Cf. t�. Transitive verb . t8 hm8 (PC: samu . sumu 'to To move slowly. To guide . to compare . comparab le '). (Gram­ support (child learning to mat ical class membership not walk) . yet analysed). For example. bi td Transi tive verb . To move Cf . 5 i t8 hm8 . slowly (plural ). To guide. to support (child learning to walk) . 123

tdk bi tre Transitive verb . To tdk mnao In transitive verb . pour. To hiccough . tr�n Adjective . Bad tasting bi tdk mnao Transiti ve verb . To make (someone ) hiccough . (of rice wine). bi tr�n Transitive verb . To trah Transi tive verb . To pour make taste bad (rice wine). water on, to water . tria No un . Classifier: pok. bi trah Transitive verb . To Floor in traditional house . make pour water, to make water something. tria mtih Noun . Classifier: pok. Walling made of long traih Transitive verb . To place lengths of split and flattened (trap , net) into the water. drao bamboo in traditional To separate (newly dyed thread house. The tria mtih are tied hung for drying). to and supported between the gdng mtih and the gie kpT. bi traih Transi ti ve verb . To make (someone) place a trap or Transi tive verb . To envy net into the water . To separ­ trih ( someone ) . Adjecti ve . Envious, ate (newly dyed thread hung for jealous. drying) (plural). bi trih Transitive verb . To tral Expressi ve . Describes an envy (someone) (plural). object's being abundant , many . tring l Expressive . Describes tram (PC: tram 'to soak'). manner of being apart, separ­ Transi tive verb . To soak. ated, not touching . bi tram Transi tive verb . To tring2 Intransitive verb . To make soak something . go close, to stay close, to go near, to stay near . traktdr Noun . Classifier: boh . Tractor. bi tring Transitive verb . To make go close, to make stay tran Preverb . Often, frequently close, to make go near , to make (always used in sentence with stay near. nanao 'always '). tring Noun . No gramma tical clas­ trap Noun . Classifier: boh. sifier. Syphilis. Swamp . trip Adjective . Exactly equal treh (PC: creh no reconstructed in size . Transitive verb . gloss). To bi trTp Transitive verb . To make a check mark beside . To make exactly equal in size . use (ruler, straight edge, etc.) in drawing a straight line . troh 1 Transi ti ve verb . To bi treh Transi tive verb . To scratch (something ) with force. make place a check mark . To bi troh Transi tive verb . To make use a ruler , straight edge , scratch (something) with force etc . in drawing a straight line . (plural) . To make scratch something with force. trei (PC: trai 'full'). Adjec­ tive. Full . troh 2 (PC: croh 'stream' ). bi t re i Transi ti ve verb . To Noun . Classifier: boh . Ditch, fill. gully , space between two moun­ tains . treng Noun . Cl assifi er: boh . Train. trong (PAN : teru� 'cylindrical ', PC : tro� 'eggplant '). Noun . tre Transi tive verb . To pour. Classifier: asar, boh. Egg­ plant . 124

tr� ng drun No un . Classifier: truih Transitive verb . To ex­ asar, se. Tomato. tinguish, to put out (fire). Cf. ana trong . bi truih Transitive verb . To extinguish, to put out (fire ) Cf. ana trong drun. (plural ). To make extinguish a fire, to make put out a fire . tre Transitive verb . To place (water) inside something. trung Intransitive verb . To bi tro Transitive verb . To lie down by lowering hind legs make (someone) place water in­ and then front legs (of ele­ side someth ing. phant ) . bi trung Transitive verb . To tree Transitive verb . To drip make (elephant ) lie down by (liquid) on. lowering its hind legs and then bi tro� Transitive verb . To its front legs . drip (liquid) on (plural ). trun (PAN : tuRun 'to go down , trek Transitive verb . To plac e to descend ', PC : trun 'to (sand, soil, rice, book , etc .) descend'). Cf . mtrun. In- inside something . transi tive verb . To descend, to go down . bi trok Transitive verb . To place (sand, soil, rice, book, bi trun Transitive verb . To etc.) inside something. To bring down, to lower . make (someone) place sand, soil , rice, book, etc . inside some­ trung Cf. trong . Transitive thing. verb . To place in a high place. bi tr�ng Transitive verb . To treng Cf. tr�ng . Transitive make (someone ) place something verb . To plac e in a high in a high place. place. bi trong Transitive verb . To tuah Transitive verb . To dish make (someone ) place something up , to serve . in a high place. bi tuah Transi tive verb . To make dish up something , to make tr6 Adjective . Irritating to serve something. the eyes (of onion, smoke , etc.). tuak Transitive verb . To pick bi tr8 Transitive verb . To up . irri tate (eyes ). bi tuak Transitive verb . To pick up (plural) . trdng Adjective . Intensi ve : trdng bdblak. Flaming . tuai Cf. tuat. Tr ansitive verb . bi trdng Transi tive verb . To To make smooth, to smooth (a make burn brightly . round edge , as that of bowl , glass ). truh truh (PC: 'to arrive '). bi tua i Transitive verb . To Intransi tive verb . To arrive . make smooth, to smooth (a round bi truh Transiti ve verb . To edge , as that of bowl , glass) bring, to take . (plural) . bi truh kd (Grammatical class tuat Cf. tual . Transitive verb . membership not yet analysed) . To make smooth , to smooth (a Until, up to. round edge , as that of boWl , truh tian Intransitive verb . glass). To be born. bi tuat Transi tive verb . To bi truh tian Transitive verb . make smooth, to smooth (a round To help (someone ) deliver her edge, as that of bowl , glass) baby. (plural). 125

tuak Transitive verb . To hook . tuor Transitive verb . To mark (hard surface) . bi tuak Transitive verb . To hook . bi tuor Transi tive verb . To make mark . tue (PC: tuai 'stranger, g�est'). Noun . Classifier : �6 . Guest . tur Cf. atur. No un . No gram­ ma tical classifier. Underside tuh (PC: tuh 'to pour'). Cf. of floor in traditional house . ktuh . Transitive ve rb . To pour. To cast (metal). To tut Cf. tit, tet. Noun. Clas­ sacrifice to (elephant ) by sifier: boh , klo. Kind of pour ing liquid on . Vietnamese cake made of sticky rice and pork. bi tuh Transitive verb . To pour (plural) . To make pour Adjective. Useful . something. To cast (metal) tu 1 (plural) . To sacrifice to bi tu Transi tive verb . To (elephant ) by pouring liquid on make useful . (plural ) . tu 2 Adjective . Available . tuh jia In transitive verb . To pay tax (kd on, to). To spend bi t u Transi ti ve verb . To money (kd on) for upkeep. To make available . compensate someone for damage Cf. ma tu. done (kd by) . bi tuh jia Intransitive verb . tu3 Intransi tive verb . To agree. To pay tax (kd on, to) (plural). bi tu Transi tive verb . To To spend money (kd on ) for up­ make agree. keep (plural) . To compensate (kd someone for damage done by) tuk 1 Transi tive verb . To punch (plural ) . with one's fist. tui Transi tive ve rb . To follow . bi tuk Trans itive verb . To To copy , to imitate . To re­ punch with one's fist (plural). semble, to take after. To make (someone) punch some­ thing with his fist. bi tui Transitive verb . To follow (plural) . To make fol­ tuk2 low. To make copy something, tuk mru i Noun . Classifier: to make imitate some one . To d re i. Gnat . make res emble someone , to make take after someone . tu1 Transi tive verb . To butt gently . To hit (ball ) with tuic Adjective . Finished. Dead . one's head in playing soccer. bi tui� Transitive verb . To To touch unintentionally . finish . To kill . bi tul Transi tive verb . To Cf. knhal tui�. make butt someth ing gently. To make (someone ) hit the ball with tuk Cf. kmun tuk. his head in playing soccer. To make touch something uninten­ Cf. hrue kmun tuk. tionally . tuom 1 Preverb . To have -ed, tun Trans itive verb . To push . perfect aspect . bi tun Transitive verb . To Cf . am�o 4e i tuom ... oh . push. tuom2 Cf. mtuom . Intransitive tung Noun . Classifier: aruat. ve rb . To meet (hong someone). Kind of grass. bi tu6m In trans itive verb . To meet (hong someone) (plural) . tup Expressive. Describes man­ ner of quickly tapping or 126

touching something once with a ua 2 (PC: 'uii? 'to saw'). Cf. large object. anua . Transi tive verb . To saw. tup tup Expressive. Describes manner of quickly tapping or bi ui Transi tive verb . To touching something repeatedly saw (plural ). with a large object . u� Noun . No gramma tical classi­ tut Cf. ju tut. fi er. Soot . Adjective . Sooty . bi ue Transi tive verb . To ttl1 Transitive verb . To push up from below . make sooty . bl t�l Transitive verb . To ung (PC: ?u:1) 'male' ). Noun . make push up something from Classifi er : CO . Husband . below . ur In transitive verb . To shout , tung Transi ti ve verb . To push . to yell . bi t�ng Transitive verb . To bi ur Transitive verb . To push. make shout , to make yell. ur ahiek In transitive verb . ttlp Transitive verb . To catch, to contract (disease , attitude , To shout , to yell . etc . ). bi ur ahiek Transitive verb . To make shout , to make yell . bi t�p Transitive verb . To catch, to contract (disease , ur drieo Transitive verb . To attitude, etc.). shout , to yell . bi ur drieo Trans itive verb . ttl Cf. td. Transi tive verb . To shout , to yell (plural) . To move slowly. To guide , to To make shout , to make yell . support (child learning to walk) . Intransitive verb . To u Noun . Classifier: boh . A let­ move slowly. ter of the Rhade alphabet, u. bi t� Transitive verb . To move slowly (plural ). To guide , un No un . Classifier: drei . Pig. to support (child learning to un bong No un . Classifier: drei . walk) (plural). Intransitive Barrow, castrated pig. verb . To move slowly (plural). un dl ie Noun . Cl assifier: drei . Wild pig. un tl in Noun . Classifier: drei . u Fat pig. u No un . Classifier: boh. A let­ ur In transitive verb . To become ter of the Rhade alphabet , u. infected. ua bi ur Transitive verb . To ua lah Conjunction . Because make become infected. of (something positive which speaker envies). tll Noun . Classifier: boh. A let­ ter of the Rhade alphabet, �. uang uang Expressive. Desc ribes manner of a sick person's moan­ \12 Cf. rf2, d2, iJ2 • (Grammatical ing . class membership not yet an­ alysed) . Yes. Intransitive ua 1 Transitive verb . To wash verb . To agree. (dishes) . bi � Intransitive verb . To bi ui Transitive verb . To agree (plural). Transi tive wash (dishes) (plural). To verb . To make agree. make wash dishes . tl3 Cf . am �. 127

urn Adjective . Early . Soon . Cf. wak wa i . bi um In transi tive verb . To wai2 Adjective . Pleasant (of be early (used in commands only). singing), eloquent (of speak­ ing) . al No un . Cl assifier : boh . A let­ ter of the Rhade alphabet, �. bi wa i Transitive verb . To make (on e's voice) pleasant, a2 Cf. d2 , d2 , �2 . (Grammatical to make (one's words) eloquent . class membership not yet an­ alysed). Yes. waih Transitive verb . To wipe off (dirt , dust ). bi � Intransitive verb . To argue ( plural ). Transitive bi wa ih Transitive verb . To verb . To make argue . wipe off (dirt, dust) (plural ). To make wipe off dirt or dust . a3 Intransitive verb . To have nothing to eat . Transi tive war (PC: ua :r 'stable '). Noun . verb . To not eat . Classi fier: boh . Enclosed ar ea. bi � Transitive verb . To make not eat . war boh Noun . Classifier: boh . Orchard. � an Adjecti ve . Able to re­ strain oneself from arguing, war hlo No un . Classifier: boh . eating, etc . Corral , pen , zoo . bi � an Transi ti ve verb . To war djam No un . Classi f ier : boh . make not eat . Vegetable garden. � epa Adjecti ve . Hungry . wa r mtei Noun. Classi fier: boh . Banana patch. bi � epa Adjective . Hungry Transi ti ve verb . To (plural). wa Cf. kwa2• Transitive verb . make hungry by not supplying To push apart , to spread apart food. (fence , sides of basket , in order to increase capacity). bi wa Transi ti ve verb . To w push apart , to spread apart (fence, sides of basket, in wac Cf. dlao wac . order to increase capacity) (plural ) . wah l (PC: uah 'to fish'). Trans­ itive verb . To catch (fish) wak l Cf. kwak l• Transitive verb . with pole, hook, and line . To To hook. row , to paddle . bi wak Transitive verb . To bi wah Transitive verb . To hook (plural ). make catch fish . To make row, to make paddle . wak2 wak wa i Noun. Classifier: drei . wah lac In transi tive verb . Spider . To pray , to speak with spirits . bi wah lac Intransitive verb . wan Adjective . Free, unoccupied, To pray, to speak with spirits not busy. (plural). bi wan Transitive verb . To make free , to make unoccupied, wah 2 Cf. krah wah. to make not busy. Transitive verb . wa il To pedal wang (PC: uaQ (1) no reconstruc­ (bicycle). ted gloss). Noun . Classifier: bi wa i Transiti ve verb . To �e. Hoe . make pedal a bicyc le . wang kuok Noun . Classifier : Cf. edeh wa i jdng . �e . Kind of wide-bladed hoe.

L 123

wang wit No un . Classifier: ge . Wit lac Intransitive verb . To Kind of narrow-bladed hoe . answer . bi Wit lac Intransitive verb . wat No un . Cl assifier: drei . To answer (plural). Kind of small bird similar to pigeon. wd Noun . Classifier : boh . A let­ ter of the Rhade alphabet , w. we Cf . hw i e1• Transitive verb . To hurl , to throw . wdr Transiti ve verb . To forget. bi w e Transiti ve verb . To bi wdr Transitive verb . To hurl , to throw (plural ). make forget . wer No un. Cl assi fi er: boh . Lamp wdr bit (PC: bit 'forget '). chimney . Tr ansi ti ve verb . To forget. bi wdr bit Transi ti ve verb . we Adjective. Bent , crooked, To make forget . not straight . b i we Trans i ti ve verb . To bend, to make crooked . y w�c No un . No grammatical clas­ sifier. Bitter liquid from ya small intestine of cow, pig, ya ndng In terroga tive. What ?, water buffalo, etc . which? ya ndng do In terroga tive. wia Transitive verb . To harvest What? (rice) by cutting the stalk . To cut (plant). ya nga In terroga ti ve. What ? bi wia Transi tive verb . To yang (PAN : qiyal) 'deity, god' , harvest (rice) by cutting the PC : ia:1) 'deity' ). Cf. myang . stalk (plural ). To cut (plant ) No un . Cl assifier: c8. God . (plural). To make harvest rice by cutting the stalk . To make yang hrue No un . Cl assifier: cut a plant . boh . Sun. wi en No un . Cl assifier: bit. yap (PC: ia:p 'to calculate'). Crown of head . Transitive verb . To count . bi yap Transitive verb . To wieng Transitive verb . To drive , make count . To count (plural). to herd (animal ). bi wieng Transitive verb . To ya1 Noun . Classifier: c8 . drive , to herd (animal) . Grandmother. wit Transitive verb . To twist. bi wit Transitive verb . To yal Transi tive verb . To say, twist. to tell. wang wi t. Cf. bi yal Transi tive verb . To say, to tell (plural) . wII (PC: u iI ' round' ) . Adjec­ tive. Round. yal dlie Tr ansitive verb . To narrate , to tell. bi wII Transitive verb . To make round. bi yal dl ie Transitive verb . To narrate, to tell (plural ). wIt In transitive verb . To go home, to return . yan Noun . No classi fier . Season. bi Wit Transitive verb . To yan bhang No un. No grammatical return. classifier . Summer . 129

yan e:at Noun . No gramma tical Ydng In transitive verb . To classifier. Winter. shake , to tremble. To be run­ yan hjan Noun . No grammatical ning (of machine, motor , etc.). classifi er . Autumn , fall . bi ydng Trans icive verb . To make shake , to make tremble. yan mnga Noun . No gramma tical To start (machine) . cl assifi er . Spring (season). yan puih Noun . No gramma tical yua Transitive verb . To use. cl assifier. Winter . bi yua Transitive verb . To use (plural). ye Noun . Classifier: drei. Kind of insect. Cf. ma yua. yin Noun. Classifi er : drei. Kind yuan Noun . Classifier: Co . of grasshopper. Kind of cricket . Vietnamese. yin dlong jdng Noun. Classi­ yun Noun . Classi fier : co. Re­ fi er : drei. Kind of long-legged lationship of a child with a spider . certain adult in the community, similar to godchild-godparent yin Cf. yuom yin. relationship. A yun is iden­ tified by his ability to pacify y6 Adjective . Arched, bent by the baby when it is crying. heavy weight at one extremity . bi yo Transitive verb . To arch , yu61 Transitive verb . To hang . to bend (something) by placing bi yuol Transitive verb . To a heavy weight at one extremity. hang (plural ). Noun . Class ifier: &e . y6ng 1 yu6m Adjec tive . In tensive : yuom Long wooden beam connecting the yin. Expensive, valuable . top of house posts along each side of the traditional house. bi yuom Transi tive verb . To make expensive , to make valu­ yong 2 Noun . Classifier: boh . able. Wooden and rattan frame placed on elephant 's back for carry­ yu6t Intransi ti ve verb . To grasp ing loads . and pull oneself up on a turning bar , tree branch, etc . Noun. Classifier: boh . yd A let­ bi yuot Intransitive verb . To ter of the Rhade alph abet , y. grasp and pull oneself up on a turning bar , tree branch, etc . Particle of emphasis. ydh (plural). Transi ti ve verb . To ydh hyuot (Grammatical class make (someone) grasp and pull membership not yet analysed) . himself up on a turning bar , Only. tree branch, etc . ydi Cf. buom ydi . yut Transitive verb . To bend, to pull down . Transitive verb . ydr To give , bi yut Transi ti ve verb . To to hand . To reach for . To bend, to pull down (plural). To raise (one's hand) . make bend , to pull something bi ydr Transitive verb . To down. give, to hand (plural). To make give something, to make yU (PC: i u:? 'downward'). Noun . hand something. To reach for . No gramma ti cal classifier. To make reach. To raise South . (one's hand) . To make (some­ one ) raise his hand. yilim Adjective . Fertile, fruit­ ful , productive , prolific . yd Particle indicat ing inter­ bi yum Transitive verb . To rogative . make fertile , to make fruitful, 1 30

to make productive . to make bi y�1 Transitive verb . To prolific . lift (plural). ytl1 Transi tive verb . To lift. ya ya Expressive. Describes an action 's being slow. ENGLISH-RHADE FINDERLI ST

133

A absorb To absorb : hrip. a A letter of the Rhade alph�bet , To be absorbed , to be engros­ A: a. sed (kd in) : kmang1• To cause to be absorbed : bi h rip. � letter of the Rhade alphabet , A: a. abstain To abstain from drinking or abdomen eating: kam1 • Abdomen , belly: klan. To make abstain from drinking To feel a patient 's abdomen, to or eating: bl kam. palpate (of doctor): kuai tian. abundance ab Le Describes abundance, many: bru Able, can, may : d�i l. bru. Abl e, impressive , self-confi­ dent , well-qualified: knam . abundant Describes an object's being To make able, to make impres­ abundant , many: tral. sive , to make self-confident , to make well-qualified: bi knam . accept To accept : ma tu. about bi ma tu. To be about to : je. To accept (plural ): acceptab Le above Above, on: tl dl8ng . Opposite of taboo, acceptable: ga 13. Too high , above the target (of bullet, arrow , or something Opposite of taboo , acceptable thrown): ch�r . (pl ural) : b i . 9 a I • aacompany abrade Abraded, cut deeply, wounded : To accompany, to escort : bl �ka . mgr8ng , mg r8ng . Abraded, cut superficially , To accompany , to escort, to scraped (of skin) : klh8k, kl8k. guide : atat. To abrade , to cut deeply, to To accompany , to escort, to wound : bi eka. guide (plural): bl atat. To abrade , to cut superficially, acaomp Ushed to scrape (skin) : bi klh8k, bi To be unsuccessful or not kl8k. accomplished because of super­ natural cause : meh. abl'asion Abrasion, cut , scrape: klh8k To make unsuccessful or not be kiTt. accomplished (of supernatural cause): bi meh . absae8s Abscess, boil: tleng . aaause To accuse (kd someone ) with Having many abscesses, having certainty: !.uah. many boils: bi tleng . To accuse (kd someone) with absent certainty (plural): bi !.uah. To be absent : ekut. To accuse (someone) in court To be absent (plural ): bi �kut. ( kd of): kcut. To accuse (someone ) in court (kd of) (plural ): bi kcut . 1 34

To accuse, to blame (kd some­ To take advantage of, to use one): bi mchur, mchur. (kd something , someone ) (plural) : b I 4ua . To accuse, to blame (kd some ­ • one ) for something one did one­ advise self: mchT. To advise: mto lac. To accuse, to blame (kd some­ To advise (plural): bi mto lac. one) for something one did one­ bi mchT. self (plural) : aerop Lane : edeh ph idr. To accuse, to blame (someone) Small reconnaisance aeroplane : (kd of) : chal , chal . edeh gao. To accuse, to blame (someone) (kd of) (plural): bl chal , bl affi rma tive cha I. Affirmative answer word to yes­ no question, ye s: mdhl. accustom Accustomed, familiar: m�ng. afraid Afraid (kd for) , worried (kd To accustom , to make familiar: hyllt . bi bhian, bi m�ng. about): Afraid (kd of) : hurl . across Constantly afraid, cowardly, To make (something) cross (hong timid: blao. something ), to place (something) across (hong something ): bl kal , To make afraid, to frighten: kal2• bi blao, bi hur. To make afraid, to frighten, acute to make worry: bi hyllt . Having very acute hea ring: ebang. after After , behind , last , later: Adam 's appLe: boh mdo . ede i . add afternoon : tla To add more of, to increase: m. them. again To add more of, to increase Again, mor e: 101 • (plural ): bl them. Describes an action's being To add, to fill with: bl boo repeated again and again: mfl mil . To add, to increase, to make bigger : bl mbe, bi mba , mbe, age mba . To age , to make old: bi mduon. adhere agree To adhere, to stick: blft, 4uom . To agree: d2 , d2 , tu3, lI2 • To make adhere, to make stick To agree (plural) : bi lI. together: bi tl fp. To make agree : bi d, bi d, bi adhering tu, b i �. Adhering, sticking to gether : t I r p. aim To adjust direc tion of , to adjust align with , to aim (gun) : bl To adjust direction of, to pha. align with, to aim (gun) : bi To aim (weapon): kl ieng . pha. To aim (weapon) (plural ): bl advantage k Ii&ng . To take advantage of, to use (kd something, someone): 4ual. 135

To make (something) hit (hong Describes manner of being alone, something) , to aim (something) by oneself: ngok ngok. (hong bi mdjo, mdjo. at): Describes manner of working alone quietly or slowly : khe air: angln . khe. aLcoho Lic To leave alone: bi hjan. Alcoholic drink , wine : kpie, lak. aLready : lehl. aLgae aLso Algae , mo ss: ku l. Also, too: mdh2, mse mdh . nina. Slime , algae : alternate To alternate, to take turns: aLiena te pIehl. To alienate (someone) (hong from) , to separate (someone) To make alternate, to make take (hong from) : bi mtah, mtah2. turns : bi pleh . aLight aLthough To alight, to perc h: gam!, gam. Although, even though, in spite of: kha ... he . To alight, to perch (plural ): bi gam, bi gam. aLways: nanao. aLign ambush Aligned, following one another, To ambush, to waylay: kap2 . in a line : bl due. To ambush, to waylay (plural): To adjust direction of, to b i . kap. align with, to aim (gun) : bi pha . To align, to place end-to-end: American : Hi . bi d ue , due I ammunition To align, to place side-by­ Ammunition, bullet, shot : boh side : riap. phao. To align, to place side-by­ side (plural ): bi riap. ampa Laya Ampalaya plant , bitter melon To be aligned , to be placed plant , balsam apple plant : hrue end-to-end ( hong with): bi due. eyan phI. aLike Ampalaya , bitter melon, balsam Alike, compatible , matching: apple : eyan phI. guop. and: I eh anan. Alike, compatible, matching (plural): bl guop. anger Alike, same (51 as): mse. To anger , to make angry: bi kr�i'i. To be alike, to match: bi mse. angle aLive: hdlp. Angle, corner : klunl. To give life to, to make alive : To hold (one's neck) at an bl hdlp. angle: nge. an: jih Jang . To hold (on e's or someone else's neck) at an angle: bl All , each, every: sdal. nge.

angry : aI , ng�i'i . alone : hjan. Angry (plural): bi al . 136

Angry for a long time : biat. anyway Since ... anyway : mgha hong , Angry , disagreeing , unhappy : ��� . mghap hong . Angry , disagreeing, unhappy (plu­ ral): bi c�� . apart ru'ng . Angry, irritable: kr�nl. Apart , wide-spac ed: Broken, cut apart: tloh. An�ry, irritable (plural): bi kreii . Describes manner of being apart , Angry , stubborn : mrung mrdng . separated, not touching : tringl. Split open or apart but still Happy , not angry: enang1 • attached: khu'k 1. To anger , to make angry: bi tloh. kr�� . To break , to cut apart : bi To make take apart something: To be angry (hong with), to dis­ b i tah. like (hong someone ): bi biat. To place apart , to separate: To be angry (plural): bi ng�n. b i ru'ng . animal To push apart , to spread apart Domesticated animals : emo kb a o . (fence, sides of basket, in wa . Female animal , mother animal: order to increase capacity) : ana 1. To push apart , to spread apart (fence, sides of basket , in Kind of animal : ebu2, esa. order to increase capaCity) Kind of vicious orange or yellow (plural): bi wa. wild animal similar to wild pig: tah, ah. k&.ruI. To take apart : bi t Kind of wild animal which re­ ape : kdjhat . sembles buffalo and lives in herds : kru4• appendix: proc ebeh . kne. Male animal: apply Wild animal : hIe, hIe mndng . To apply make-up to : bi siam. ankle appropriate Ankle bone: k�� jdng. Appropriate, suitable : nang . Round bone on inside of ankle : To make appropriate, to make boh k�ii. suitable : bi nang . announce approve To announce, to say , to tell: To approve of the marriage of: hu'n. b I dok . To announce, to say, to tell mlan pa . (plural): bl hu'n. April: arch another Arched, bent by heavy weight at Another, other: mkan. one extremity: yo . answer To arch, to bend (something) by To answer : wTt lac. placing a heavy weight at one extremity : bi yo . To answer (plural ): bl wrt lac. area ant: hdam. Area north of Banmethuot in­ Kind of small black ant : hdam habited by the Bih tribe : pluk. mac . Area, direction, place, vicin­ ity, way : krTng. anthill: ktue. Enclosed area : wa r. 137

areca arrow: Itram. Areca palm: kn i eng . Feathers on arrow: k� iep. argue arrowhead: krah3• To argue : bi puk, puk l. To argue (h5n� with): bi mneh , a8 we ZZ b i msao, mneh , msao. As well , either (as in 'I don't either ' ): . kan ... lei . To argue (plural): bl �. To argue about , to disagree a8hamed about (h5ng with): bi tang, Ashamed, embarrassed: bi mlao, tangl. ml a03• To argue over, to fight over Ashamed , shy : h�n. (property of recently deceased To be ashamed, to be shy (kd person): plahl. toward): h�n mlSo. To argue , to disagree (h5ng To make ashamed , to embarrass: with , kd about ): bi tang, tangl. b i ml ao. To argue , to fight : nga tiP tip. To make ashamed , to make shy : To make argue : bi msao, bi �. bi h�n , bi h�n mlao.

To make argue , to make fight a8he8: hbao. over property of recently de­ ceased person: bi plah. a8htray : amo hbSo hat. arm a8ide To put on, to wear around one's To make (someone ) move aside : arm or leg: buhl. b i nah. To put on, to wear around one's To make way , to step aside : arm or leg, to put on someone tlak elan. else's arm or leg: bl buh. To make way, to step aside (plu­ Upper arm: apal. ral): bi tlak elan. armpi t: pda k . To move aside : bi sd, nahl, ne, se, sd, s�. around: gah gan, juml , jum dar, To move aside (plural ): bi s�. jum gah gan. To move aside, to remove : bi To go around: dier. nah, bi ne, bi se, bl Sd, nahl, To go around (rice field) to ne, se, Sd, s�. search for signs of intruders : To move aside, to remove (plu­ t I r. ral): bi s�. To go around, to encircle: bi jum, bi jum dar, bi jum gah gan . a8k To ask: emuh. To go around, to spin: dar. To ask (plural): bl emuh . To make go around a rice field to search for signs of intru­ To ask for , to request : akao, ders: ;, i t I r. rfng . To move (something) around some­ to ask for , to request (plural ) : thing else: bi dier. b i akao, b i rfng. To ask that , to request: mta. arrange To arrange in order, to place To ask that , to request (plural) : in line : bi dap, dap. bi mta. To ask to do something , to re­ arrive quest to do something: alum. To arrive: truh. 138

To make (someone) ask for some­ Aunt : one's mother 's older thing, to make someone request brother 's wife: awa mnie. something: bi �kao . Aunt : one's mother 's older To make (someone) ask someone brother's wife , uncle : one's else to do something, to make mother 's older brother: awa . (someone) request someone else Aunt : one's mother 's younger to do something: bi alum. brother 's wife : amiet mn ie. askance Aunt : one's mother 's younger To look askance (kd at ): kl ieng brother's wife, uncle : one's ala. mother 's younger brother: amiet.

To look askance (kd at) (plural): automobi�e bi kl ieng ala. Automobile , car: edeh pu i. associate autumn To associate (hong with): Autumn , fall: van hjan. mguop . avai �ab �e : tu2• astray To lead astray, to misguide , to To make available: bi tu. give wrong information to : bi soh . awaken Describes manner of being awak­ at ened suddenly or startlingly: At , in: ti . phar , phur. Describes manner of several attach persons ' being awakened suddenly To attach with glue , to stick or startlingly: phur phur . (something) on: �l irl, bi al ir, b i mal i r, mal i r. To awaken, to wake up: bi md ih, do . attack To awaken, to wake up (plural ): To attack in defense of off­ b i rao . spring (of bird) : prang2• To make attack in defense of axe : j c3n9 . offspring: bi prang . attend To attend school, to study : B hriam hra. b To attend the funeral wake of: A letter of the Rhade alphabet, cang . b: bd. To attend the funeral wake of (plural ): bi cang. A letter of the Rhade alphabet , attracted 9: ad. To be attracted to: tluh. baby -2 August: mlan sa pan. Baby , infant : e ,

aunt back: rong. Aunt : one 's father's older Back part, rear : tluon . brother's wife, one's mother 's older sister: aprong, aprong To carry on one's back: gul . mn ie. To load onto someone 's back: Aunt : one's father 's younger b i gu i . brother's wife, one 's mother 's younger sister : aneh, neh. back-and-forth Back-and-forth (of person 's movement ): bluk bluk. 139

bad: jhat. Thicket of ale bamboo: atue2, Bad smell, stink (especially a tue . fi shy smell): anghir. banana: mtei. Bad tasting (of rice wine): tr�ii. Banana flower , banana spathe : To make bad: bi jhat. m1mong2, mong o To make taste bad (rice wine) : Banana patch: war mtei. b i tr�ii. Banana plant : ana mtei. bag: hdruom. Edib le heart of banana trunk: Bag, pocket , sack, wrapped ob­ gu mtel. ject: kdung . Edible heart of wild banana Large bag, purse: ba i. trunk : gu Jue. Rice bag: klung2 . Hand of bananas : ks ir. Small bag: kdo. Stalk of bananas : amung2• Wild banana: jue. kla ko. baLd: Wild banana plant : ana jue. Bald, bare : klo. To make bald: bi kla ko . band Kind of black headband worn on To make bald, to make bare: bi certain occasions : k�n . klo. Rubber band: ksu. baH bandage To carry, to hold (ball) (in pan2• ballgame ): bi pllt, pl�t2. To bandage : To bandage (plural): bi pan. baHoon: pung . bank baL8am app Le Beach, coast, riverbank, shore : Ampalaya plant , bitter melon hang 1. plant , balsam apple plant : hrue eyan phi. To bank, to lean: bi I ia, I ia. Ampalaya, bitter melon, balsam bapti8e apple: eyan phI. To baptise: rao mngat. bl rao bamboo To baptise (plural ): Bamboo node: atut. mnga t. Bamboo pole: alng . bar gle. Bamb oo shoot : ebung. Bar , pole , stick: arok . Wooden bar used to hold warp in Fallen rotten bamboo: weaving with backstrap loom : Having many shoots (of bamboo) : khung . bi ebung. kla. Internode section of bamboo: bare: awan 1. Bald, bare: klo. Kind of large bamboo: arao, mdo . Bare, leafless: prdt . Kind of small bamboo: ale, jut. To make bald, to make bare: bi klo. Kind of thorny bamboo : kram. To make bare : bi kla. Section of bamboo beaten to make noise to frighten animals To make bare, to make leafless: from field: hmruh. b i prdt . Shoot from bamboo node : atieng . 140

bargain bead: anu. ( ) bi mj ua . To bargain over price : To decorate , to embroider ( ends To bargain, to haggle : mj ua2. of loincloth) with beads : kteh. To decorate, to embroider ( ends bark ) ( Bark, outer covering, shell: of loincloth with beads plu­ atok. ral ) : b i k teh . To bark: groh . beak Bird's beak : k�OC2. To bark ( plural ) : bi groh. To bark at : g roh. beam ( ) bi groh . Long wooden beam connecting the To bark at plural : top of house posts along each To make bark: b i groh . side of the traditional house : yong 1 • barrow un bong . Upright wooden beam supported Barrow , castrated pig: by the eda ( or in older houses, the &e ) and supporting the ba8e Base of plant stem, base of tree acuor, in traditional house: trunk : phunl g�ng mbung . Rectangular wooden base of bung Wooden beam connecting house basket: tar bung , to'r bung . posts at floor level along each side of traditional house. apleo, bung, prung. �gap is supported by the &e and ba8ket: supports the adrung: egapl. Kind of bamboo fish basket: adriep. Wooden beam connecting the top of opposite house posts and Rectangular wooden base of bung supporting and holding secure basket: tar bung, to'r bung. the yong in traditional house: eda. Rice basket: e: i. Wooden beam supported by and at Small back basket: tok. right angle to ka l and support­ Small bamboo basket : s�k. ing bamb oo upon which thatch is placed, in traditional house : Winnowing basket : knguor, Iip2. roc . bat Wooden beam supported by and at Bat ( animal ) : rit. right angle to the ana acuor yong in traditional house : kal 3• bath mne i . Wooden crossbeam connecting To bathe, to take a bath: opposite house posts at floor level in traditional house: &e . bathe bathe : b I mne i . To bean To bathe , to take a bath: mne i . Bean plant : hrue etak. Bean pod : etak. bat tery: pi l. Bean seed: etak. k�unl. bay: Bean sprout : etak �at. be Coffee bean : kphe , phe. To be, to become : jingo bear: kgao . beach Beach, coast, riverbank, shore: bear down hangl. To bear down or strain in defe­ cating or giving birth: aran, Beach, coast , shore: hang ksi. krun. 141

To make bear down or strain in Kind of small bee which lives defecating or giving birth: bi in bamboo : kh itl. aran, bi krun. Kind of small bee wh ich produces k'ko. beat honey: To beat (drum , gong) to announce hlf n. something: along . bee 's wax : To beat , to hit : poh . beeHe To beat , to hit (plural): bi Kind of hard-shelled insect poh . such as beetle: s� . To beat , to hit with a broom, before: �lao kd. stick, etc.: bi prah, prah. begin To break into small pieces by Beginning, from , out of, since, beating, to crush, to smash: ddng mdng, mdng . kcam . starting : To begin to start : bi c�, bi To break into small pieces by mphun, co� , mphun . beating, to crush, to smash (plural): bi kcam . To make begin, to make start : bi g. To make beat a drum or gong to bi along . announce something: behind: ti tluon . To make beat, to make hit with After , behind, last, later: a broom, stick, etc.: bi prah . �de i . To make pull tight , to make Describes manner of being be­ beat (thread) in weaving: bi hind or last, of trailing: pdk . dj ho djho. To pull tight , to beat (thread) in weaving: pdk . belah To belch, to burp : kd: df . beautiful To belch, to burp (plural): bi Beautiful, pretty: mtih2, siam . kd:df . To make beautiful : bi mtih. To make belch, to make burp : To make beautiful, to make bi kd:dr . pretty: bi siam. believe beautify To believe , to trust (kd in): To beautify, to groom, to make 4ao. pretty, to make handsome : bi To believe , to trust (kd in) keat. (plural): bi 4ao . kdyua dah. beaause: beH Because of (something positive Describes manner of a bell's which speaker envies): ua lah. ringing once: keng, teng . Describes manner of a bell's beaome ringing repeatedly : keng keng, To be, to become : jingo teng teng . To make become something : bi Describes manner of a small j i ng . bell 's ringing: riak riak. bed: jhllngl. Kind of bamboo bell for buffalo or cow: k'kong . bedbug: areh. beHy bee: hnu� . Abdomen, belly : klan. Bumblebee, hornet, large wasp: Belly , stomach: t i an. hong . 142

be low With ends bent downward : kung . Below. under: ti guo With ends bent upward: kong . Too low. below target (of bul­ let arrow . or something thrown): beside : ti dj i�o. cap r . bete l belt: hdrang , hdrang k�l�ng . Betel chew: �hang . Betel leaf: ehang bench Long thick board used in cere­ Betel pepper plant : hrue �hang . monies as bench for musicians : Lime for betel chew: cur. kpan. between: ti krah. bend To arch. to bend (something) by bicyc le: �deh wa i jdng . plac ing a heavy weight at one extremity: bi yo . Frame of bicycle or motorcycle: khung . To bend: ��, bi 4a, bl go, bi gu, bi kung, bi kuat, bi m4a , To make pedal a bicycle: bi gu t, m4a . wa i. To bend (one's back). to bow To pedal (bicycle ): wa il. (one's head): k'kui. bifurcation To bend (one's back) . to bow Bifurcation. branching. forking: (one's head) (plural ): bi k'kui . k�ang . To bend (plural): bi !.�, bi gut. big To bend forward (one's back): Big (of infant): prln. b i kun. Big. large : prong . To bend over: k'kui . Describes a garment 's being too To bend over (one's back. head. big or too long: jhung jhung . etc.): ku. Describes a garment 's being too To bend. to curve : b I kong . big. too loose: djhlng djhung. To bend. to make crooked: b i we . Long. too big (of garment ): To bend. to pull down: yut. jhung . To bend . to pull down (plural) : To add. to increase. to make b i yut. bigger : bi mbe, bi mbo , mbe, mbo. To make bend over: bi k'kui . bi ku. To make big. to make large : bi prong. To make bend over . to make stoop over (human) : bi go. To make grow big (infant ): bi prln. To make bend. to pull something down: b i yut. To make too long. to make too big (garment): bi jhung . bent: 4a l, go, kuat . Bih Arched. bent by heavy weight at Area north of Banm�thuot in­ one extremity: yo . habited by the Bih tribe: pluk. Bent forward (of back): kun. bile Bent over : ku. Bile. gall: �a phi. Bent . crooked. not straight: w�. bill Bent. stooped over : qu2• Bill. currency. money: prak . Bent. stooped over (of human ): go . bird: . nm . 143

Kind of bird: kdra02, krao, plant , balsam apple plant : kr& �2. hrue �yan phr. Kind of bird which makes a musi­ Ampalaya, bitter melon, balsam cal cry: k I i a . apple: �yan phi. Kind of large white long-legged ju. bird: CTm jhllng. bZack: Black colour : �a ju. K ind of small bird similar to pigeon : wa t. To make black: bi ju, bi mj u, mj u. Kind of white bird wh ich cat­ k8k . ches fish : bZadder: pung o Maya bird: �rm j8ng . bZade birth Razor blade : I am 1 . To bear down or strain in de fecating or giving birth: bZame aran , krun. To accuse, to blame (kd some­ one): b i mchur, mchur. To give birth to: k'ki�n gl. To accuse , to blame (�d some­ To help give birth , to help one) for something one did one­ deliver: bi k'ki�ng . self: mchr. To make bear down or strain in To accuse , to blame (kd some­ defecating or giving birth : bi one) for something one did one­ aran , bi krun . self (plural): bi mchr. bite To accuse , to blame (someone ) To bite: ke . (kd of) : chal , chal . To bite off (food) : ku l . To accuse , to blame (someone) (kd of) (plural) : bi chal , bi To bite off (food) (plural ): b i cha I. kul . To blame (kd someone ) unjustly bi ke , bi mke , To make bite: for : kill, Ill. mke. To blame (kd someone ) unjustly To make bite off something: bi for (plural) : b i kill, b i Ill. ku I. bZanket: aban . bitter: phi. Bitter and sour (of eggplant , bZind: bum. rice wine): dh iam. Blind in one eye : &1 i�ng. Bitter liquid from small in­ Hunting blind , camouflage: testine of cow, � ig, water �gap2 . buffalo, etc .: we� . To b li nd: b i & I i � n g, bi b u m . Hot or spicy and bitter (of eggplant , certain wild fruits, bZister etc . ): hdr 1 • Blistered: buk. To make bitter: bi phr. To be blistered in many places: To make bitter and sour (egg­ buk. plant , rice wine): bi dh iam. To caus e a bluster on, to make To mak e very bitter (eggplant , swell : bi buk. rice wine) : bi dh i�k. bZock Very bitter (of eggplant , rice To obstruct the path of, to wine): dh i�k. block the passage of: kgan1 • bitter me Zon To ob struct the path of, to Ampalaya plant , bitter melon block the passage of (plural ): bl kgan . 144

blood: erah. Describes foaming or boiling of liquids : buk buk. blow Having many abscesses, having To blow (of wind) : pUh2. many boils : bi tieng . To blow (of wind) (plural) : bi To boil: bi kt�ng . puh. To make boil over : bi blui . To blow across (musical instru­ ment , as flute): ayu. bo lt To blow across (musical instru­ Bolt of cloth : k'kun, kun. ment , as flute) (plural ): bi ayu. To bolt, to lock with a bar or To blow into (a straw , musical chain: bi ka l , bi kal, kal 1, instrument ): ksuh. ka I.

To blow into (a straw , musical bone : klang1 • instrument ) (plural) : bi ksuh . Ankle bone: k&n jdng . To blow one's nose : anhuih. Jaw , jawbone : kang . To blow, to blow out : 9hur . Round bone on inside of ankle : To blow, to blow out (plural ): boh k�n . bi ehur. To blow, to blow up : thut. book : hdruom hra.

To make (someone) blow his nose: border bi anhuih. Border, boundary , limit : kdr�c . To make blow, to make blow some­ Cuff , edge , hem, border (Of thing up : bi thut. anything) : knha I. blue: piedk . Decorative border of blanket , loinc loth, shirt , etc.: kti . To make blue : bi piedk . bore blunt: kc�n. To bore a hole in: bi 9an9 , bi To make blunt: bi kc&n . 9lung . To bore a hole in (Skin of board: mdha. fruit ) with one's fingernail Cutting board: thdt . in preparation for peeling: bi c i r, c i r, kc i r. Long thick board used in cere­ monies as bench for musicians : To bore a hole in (Skin of kpan. fruit) with one 's fingernail in preparation for peeling To board, to get on: aT. (plural): bi kci r. boastful: nga ang. To bore a hole in with a pointed object: 90h, cao, ti I. Boastful (plural): bl nga ang . To bore a hole in with a pointed boat: mran. object (plural): bi eoh, bi cao . Boat , ship: h8. To bore a hole in, to drill with a drill tool: ktar. body : asei , asei mlei . To bore a hole in, to drill Body (as opposed to mind) : k4eh. with a drill tool (plural) : bi ktar. boil To bore a hole in, to make a Abscess, boil : tieng. depression in (fallen tree): Boiling: kt�n g l. klok. Boiling over : blul . To bore a hole in, to make a depression in (fallen tree ) (plural): bi klok. 145

To make bore a hole with a boy pointed object: bi til. Boy, man : �kei . Term of endearment for young born boy: no . To be born: k'ki�n gl, truh tian. Young boy : dam, �dam. borrow To borrow (mdn g from) : man. boyfriend Secret boyfriend: piu �ke i. To borrow (mdn g from) (plural): bi man. brace To borrow (valuable object) Splints, any long objects be­ (mdn g from) : �an. tween which something is braced or clamped: gi� krap. To borrow (valuable ob ject) (mdn g from) (plural ): bi �an . To brace, to clamp , to secure between two long objects, to To borrow for a long period apply splints to: bi krap, krapl (mdn g from) : Irng. To borrow for a long period brace l,et: kong . (mdn g from) (plural): bi ling. braid botHe: gi�t. To braid (hair): bi kur, kur. bounce brain : dlo. To bounce, to make rebound, to release from tension: bi kdah. brake: kpre, pre . bouncing brakes Bouncing, rebounding, released De scribes manner of screaching from tension (as of flipped of brakes : k'krdt . rubber band): kdah. branch boundary Bifurcation, branching , forking: Border , boundary , limit : kdr��. k&ang . Branch, twig: adhan , dhan . bow Bow of crossbow: kniet. Branches and leaves of plant (as opposed to phun) : &rong . Crossbow: hna. Having many branches: bi dhan. To bend (one's back) , to bow (one's head) : k'kui . Having many vinelike branches: bi hrue. To bend (one's back), to bow (one 's head) (plural): bi k'kui . brand To brand: at, bi at. bowl, Bowl or plate made from squash brass or gourd : bllng. Brass or bronze coloured: ea Ki�d of black porcelain bowl : kong. amo . brave Large bowl: mngan. Brave , fearless, unafraid: Metal bowl : mtll . jhong, krllh. Small bowl : chien. To make brave , to make fear­ less, to make unafraid: bi bowl,-shaped jhong , bl krllh. To make bowl-shaped, to make concave: bi msa , msa . bread: &&n kpung, &�n Hi, kpung . box: hip. break Describes manner of an elephant 's 146

breaking something: phak phak, bright phok phok . Bright (of mo onlight ): ang. To break: bi kjoh , bi m�ah, Bright , clear, light (of light , kjoh. room, etc.): mngac . To break in half: aak. Bright , light : bang . To break in half (plural ): bi Bright , sparkling: kmlar. aak. Clear and bright : tac mnga�. To break into small pieces by To brighten, to make bri ght , to beating, to crush, to smash: make sparkle: bi kmlar. kc!am. To clean, to make clear and To break into small pieces by bright : b i tac mngac . beating, to crush, to smash (plural) : bi kc!am . To make bright , to make clear , to make light : bi mngac! . To break off: bi klah, klah. To � reak, to br�ak �v.art (sand , brighten gra1n, etc.): bl bhec . To brighten, to make bright , to make sparkle: bi kmlar. To break , to burst (blister , skin of cooked vegetable): bi brighHy kplac!. To mak e burn brightly : bl trdng. To break, to cut apart : bi tloh . bring To not break (rice) into pieces, To bring, to give, to hand: ba. to not hroh (rice): bi hluSm . To bring , to give, to hand breast: ks�o . (plural): b i ba. To bring, to take: b i truh . breath: �wa . To hold one 's breath and tense broken: mcah. one 's chest muscles : aran . Broken (of husked rice) : bh��. To make (someone) hold his Broken (of long object), breath and tense his chest creased, folded: bi joh, joh . muscles: bi aran . Broken off: klah. breathe Broken, burst (of blister, To breathe : bi �wa . skin of cooked vegetable): To breathe in, to inhale , to kplac . make sniffle: bi hrip. Broken, cut apart : tloh. To breathe in , to inhale , to Describes being easily broken , sniffle: hri p. easily cut : kral , krdl . To breathe out , to exhale : ksuh. Firm , strong, not easily broken , To make breathe out , to make hearty, not easily killed: exhale : bi ksuh. rdng 2. breed bronze To breed, to make tuck, to mate Brass or bronze coloured: ea (animalS ): bi drue , bi md rue, kSng . md r ue . broom: hla kn ih. bridge Large bridge: kban. bro thel' Older and younger brothers and Small bridge, makeshift bridge sisters (of female ): adam adei , (tree, log, etc.): kdrSng . dam de i. 147

Older and younger brothers and Thick roll of fat around neck sisters ( of male ) : ayong adei . of buffalo : krim. Older brother , one 's child-in­ Water buffalo: kbao. law's father ( older ) , cousin: one's mother 's sister's son bui Ld ( older) � one's father's brother's To build ( fence, wall) : pang . son: ayong . To build ( fe nce, wall ) ( plu­ Older brothers : di ayong. ral) : bi pang . Younger brother, younger sister , To build ( fire) : ram . one 's child-in-law 's parent ( ) ( ) ( younger) , cousin: one's mother 's To build fire plural : bi sister 's child ( younger ) : adei. ram. Younge r brothers and/ or sisters: buLb di adei . Light bulb : ampul . brother-in-Law buLL Brother-in-law : one's younger H�mp on back of bull: amur, sister's husband: ie ekei . mur. Brother-in-law: one's younger buLLet sister's husband, sister�in-law : Ammunition, bullet, shot : boh one 's younger sister's husband: phao. i e. bumb Lebee brown: 91 u. Bumbleb ee , hornet , large wasp: To make brown : bi 91u. hong . brui se bump Bruised: bram, kbram . Shaking, moving ( of liquid) , bumping ( of vehicle on rough To be bruised in many pl aces : ) tlong tll/t. bram. road : To shake , to move ( liquid) , to To bruise: bi bram, bi kbram. make bump ( vehicle on rough road) : bi tlong tll/t. brush: bruoi s. Long-handled brush : gruel. bunch Bunch ( especially of tobacco To brush : chao . leaves ) : kut . To brush ( plural ) : bi chao. Bunch of thatch: anua . To brush away : kdr . buria L To brush away ( plural) : bi kdr . Burial, funeral, int erment: To brush off ( as dust from klei dcfr . clothes ) : pih. burn To brush off ( as dust from De scribes burning of large fire: clothes ( plural ) : bi pih. bluk bluk. To make brush off something: bl ( ) bi kh ia. pih. To burn food : To burn completely: kruh . Toothbrush: gie chao egei . To burn completely ( plural ) : buffa Lo bi kruh . Kind of wild animal wh ich re­ To burn, to light, to set fire sembles buffalo and lives in to : cuh . herds : kru4 • To burn, to light , to set fire Sore on buffalo caused by an to ( plural ) : bl cuh . insect bite: gac. To make burn brightly: b i t rdn g. 148

burnt buttocks : tluon . Burnt (of food): kh la. Buttocks of female human kuk . burp (children 's speech) : To belch, to burp: k�:�r . button To bel ch, to burp (plural ): bl Kind of button: nut. k�: �r . To button (a button ): &1&c2• To make belch, to make burp: bi k�: �r . To make button a button: bl &I�c. burs t Broken, burst (of blister, skin buy of cooked vegetable): kplac. To buy : b I e I . To break, to burst (blister, To buy (plural): bl blel . skin of cooked vegetable): bl kplac. c bury To bury : d�r . A letter of the Rhade alphabet , To bury (plural): bl d�r . C: C�l . busy cabbage: djam be l Q�ng. Busy, occupied: gun. Cabbage plant : ana djam bel Free, unoccu�ied, not busy: Qilng, philn djam be l s�ng . enang2 , hmao , wan. drS. To make busy, to occupy: bl gun . cage: To make free, to make unoccupied, Bird cage , chicken coop: apong l, to make not busy: bl wan. pong 1 . To place in a cage or enc losure , but: &Ia dah. to jail , to imprison: krd, kr�. But still, even though : d�n at . To place in a cage or enclosure , to jail, to imprison (plural): butcher : th�. b I krd, b I krll. To butcher, to cut, to slice: ta 12. cake Kind of Vietnamese cake made To butcher, to cut , to slice 0: stickr rice and pork : tet, (plural): bl tal. tit, tut . butt calculate To butt gently: p�ng, t�l . To calculate: tfn gl . To butt gently (plural) : bl p�ng. To calculate (plural ): bl tfng . To butt with force: mnuh . calf To butt with one horn : anglah. Calf of leg: boh tlh. To make butt something: bl anglah. call Describes manner of a female To make butt something gently: chicken or turkey calling her bl pIIng, bl till . young: krok krok . To make butt something with Describes manner of calling force: b I mnuh . dogs: ke k e . kruk . butterfly: tang tft. To call (chicken) : kse . Edible young newly emerged To call (dog) : butterfly or moth: hluat ejuar. To call (dog) (plural): bl k4i . 149

To call (something) a name : pia. To take care of (animal, ob­ ject, person) : bi kia, kia. To call, to summon : gal l, i�o. To take care of (person): kri �. To call , to summon (plural): bl gal , bi I�o. To take care of (person ) (plu­ ral) : bi krie. To make call something a name: b i pi a. aarefree To teach to call chickens: bi Excessively carefree, not kruk. serious, happy-go -lucky: mldng . To make excessively carefree, Cambodian: Ku r . to make not serious , to make happy-go-lucky: bi mldng. aamoufLage Hunting blind, camouflage : aarefu Z egap2. Carefully , perfectly, well: bi jak. aan Able , can, may : d lIi 1 • To be careful : rang . Can, may: ar. To make be careful : bi rang . thao. Can , tin: ato, aare Less: khrt khat, mlh mllh . aanaL: kbang . Careless , unmindful : srllh . To be careless with, to be un­ aandLe: dian. mindf.ul of: bi sru'h. aane To set down carelessly : kIll. Cane , walking stick: gi� dra. To set down carelessly (plu­ Sugarcane: kbao. ral): bi kIll. aannQn : kanong . aarro t: ka ro t. Describes manner of cannon 's Carrot plant : ana karat, phun firing : trr. karot. Describes manner of gun or can­ aarry non's firing once : ph ing. To carry in one's mouth, to Describes manner of gun or can­ hold in one's mouth: kgong. non's firing repeatedly : phing To carry in one's mouth , to ph ing. hold in one's mouth (plural): b i kgong . aap Cap, cork , plug, stopper : akat. To carry on one's back: gui . To cap, to clog, to close, to To carry on one 's head: angum. plug, to stop up: akat, bi akat. To carry on one 's shoulder: k I am 1, k I am . aar Automobile, car: edeh pui. To carry on one's shoulder (plural) : bi klam. Top of car: amur, mur . To carry on one 's side: bi aarbine ci�ng, cleng. Carbine gun : karbin. To carry suspended from a pole (of two persons): k'kung. aare I don't care: dlln mdh . To carry suspended from the ends of a pole balanced on one's To take care of (animal, child) : shoulde r: �nong . rang. To carry suspended from the To take care of (animal , child) ends of a pole balanced on one 's (plural): bi rang. shoulder (plural): bi �nong . 150

To carry , to hold: dja. Kind of hairy caterpillar which anal. To carry , to holA (ball) (in can irritate one's skin: ballgame ): bi plec, pl�C2 . Kind of large caterpillar which hluat enga. To make (someone ) carry on his lives on eggplants: bi angum. head : Ca tho lic: Khop. To make (someone ) carry some­ Catholic priest : ama Khop. thing on his shoulder: bl klam, b i k I am. caught To make (two persons) carry Caught , hooked: kwak i. something suspended from a pole: bi k'kung . cauliflower: mnga djam bei "ung. To make carry something, to make Cauliflower plant : ana mnga djam hold something: bi dja. be i 4ung, phun mnga djam be i sung . cast To cast (metal): tuh. cave Name of a cave in the creation To cast (metal ) (plural ): bi myth : Ad ren . tuh. celery castrate Celery plant : ana seleri . Barrow , castrated pig: un bong. Celery stalk: seleri . To castrate: 91�Ci, puah. To castrate (pig) and thereby cement: simang . make fat : bi bong. cent To castrate (plural) : bi 91�c , Cent , penny : lui 2. bi puah. centipede: epan . ca t: mieS. centre cataract krah mnga etak. Very middle , very centre: Cataract in eye : wah . catch sang sa i . To catch (fish) with pole, hook, chain: and line : wah i . chair : mdhA, mdA.

To catch with a rope attached x to a bamboo, to lasso: gue, gue . Cham �am . To catch with a rope attached Member of the Cham tribe: to to lasso a �amboo , x (plural): b i gue, b I gue . change To change (money) into smaller To catch, to contract (disease): denominat ions : bi hl ie. dj 02 • To catch, to contract (disease , bi tllp, tllp. attitude , etc.): chase To make catch fish : bi wah. To chase : tio. To chase (plural): bi tio. catch up To catch up with : hmao2 • To make chase : bi mtio, mtio. To make catch up : bi hmao . To make chase something: bl tio. caterpillar: hluat. cheap enllih. Kind of hairy caterpillar: hluat Cheap, inexpensive : sut. To make cheap , to make inex­ pensive : bi enllih. 151

cheating To make (chicken ) scratch away Cheating, disgbedient , stubborn : du st or dirt from sitting place bl&c �Iar, blec �I ir. on ground (chicken) : bi pul .

check To make (chicken) scratch rice To make a check mark beside: out of a basket: bi praih. treh. To sacrifice a chicken in order To make place a check mark : bi to bring success to or to save treh . from illness: ewat. To sacrifice a chicken in order cheek: mieng . to bring success to or to save from illness (plural) : bi ewat. cheerful Cheerful , happy : m�ak. To scratch (rice) out of a basket (Of chicken ): praih. To make cheerful , to make happy: bi m�ak. To scratch away (dust , dirt ) from sitting place on ground chest (of chicken) : pul. Chest (body part ): sahda. To teach to call chickens: bi To hold one 's breath and tense kruk. one 's chest muscles: aran. chief To make (someone ) hold his breath Chief, official: khua . and tense his chest muscles : bl ara n. chignon To style (hair) into a chignon: chew bi k�uk , k�uk. Betel chew : ehang . Describes manner of chewing a chi ld: h&eh . crisp object : krap krap , krat Children (polite style ): heeh krat, krot krot . elak. To chew: m'mah. Firstborn, oldest child: anak To chew (something ) (k� for): khua. m�m , mum. Weak slowgrowing child (slang): To chew (something) (k� for) e&a i kpre. (plural): bi m�m . chi Zi peppel': amr&c . To make chew: bi m'mah, bi m�m . Chili pepper plant : ana amr&c. chicken: mnu. chimney Bird cage , chicken coop: ap8ng1 , Lamp chimney : wer. p8 ng 1 • kang . Chicken's nest: ktat. chin: Describes manner of a chicken's Ch inese: Kh&c . clucking, of a duck 's quacking: chap chap. chip Chip from broken object or of Describes manner of a female wood: kha. chicken or turkey calling her y�ung: krok krok . To be chipped: �ah . Describes manner of a female To chip: bi �ah. chicken or turkey 's clucking : kok kok. chip in To contribute to a common cause, To call (chicken) : kruk. to chip in : bi cung, cung. To drive away (chicken) : bi s�i h, s�ih. ahise Z: mnha t. 152

Chisel (northern dialect): pnhat. Chru Member of the Chru tribe : fru. To chisel: phatl, . pang. To chisel (plural): bl phat. circ'l,e To encircle , to surround: To make (someone) chisel some­ kwang I • thing: bl pang. To go around, to encircle: bi cho'l,era jum, bi jum dar, bi jum gah gan . Cholera, dysentery : klei rua eh To make encircle , to make sur­ erah. round: bi kwang.

choose citrus To choose, to pick out, to Kind of large citrus fruit, select: ruah. pomelo: boh krue dung. To choose, to pick out , to select (plural ): bi ruah . c'l,aim To choose, to pick out , to To choose, to pick out , to select, and claim as one 's own : select, and claim as one 's own: kuan . kuan. To choose, to pick out , to To choose, to pick out , to select, and claim as one's own select, and claim as one 's own (plural): bi kuan. (plural) : bi kuan. To make choose something, to c'l,amp make pick out something, to make Splints, any long objects be­ select something: bi ruah . tween which something is braced or clamped : gie krap. choosy To brace , to clamp , to secure Choosy, particular : ruah. between two long objects, to Choosy, particular (kd about): apply splints to: bi krap, krapl . �e2. c'l,asp Choosy, particular (kd about ) Hair clasp, hairpin: kep . (plural): bi �e . c'l,ass : tal l. chop To chop fine, to mince: k�oh . Class in school : adul.

To chop fine, to mince (plural ): c'l,aw bi k�oh. To claw (of cat, tiger, etc.): To chop into pieces, to cut : bi pa�2 . kr��, kr��l. To claw (plural): bi pa� . To chop up (tree): kria. To claw , to grasp tightly in To chop up (tree) (plural) : bi one's fingers : k�ao. kri a. To claw , to grasp tightly in To chop, to split (plural): bi one's fingers (plural ): bi blah. k�ao . To claw , to scratch with one 's chopstick: gie d�h. fingernails : kuac. To eat with chopsticks: k4lp. To claw , to scratch with one's To eat with chopsticks (plural): fingernails (plural ): bl kuac. b i k41 p. To make claw : bi pac . Chring To make claw , to make (someone) Member of the Chring tribe: scratch something with his Jring. fingernails : bl kuac. 153 a"lean: doh . To mak e bright , to make clear , To clean: bi doh . to make light : bi mngac. To clean the inside of (bamboo To make clear , to explain: bi section , bottle, etc.): sur. n i k. To clean, to make clear and To make clear, to make easy to bright : bl tac mngac. understand: bi kIa, bi klang, bi kraih. To clean, to wipe : dh8ng, sut. To make clear , to make pure, To clean, to wipe (plural): bi to purify (liquid) : bi ngac. dh8ng. To use (tractor) to clear or To make clean something , to make level land or to dig or to ex­ wipe something: bi sut. cavate: bi cuk. To make clean the inside of bamb oo section , bottle , etc.: a"leal'"ly: bi nik. bi sur. a"lenah kpat a"leal' To clench one's fist : . Bright , clear, light (of light , To clench one 's fist (plural): room, etc.): mngac . bi kpat. Clear and bright : tac mngac. To make (someone ) clench his Clear , easy to understand (of fist : bi kpat. speech, sound etc.): kIa, klang2, kraih! . a"level' Clever , skillful : knh�o. Clear , free of vegetation or other obstruction: tac2 . To make clever , to make skill­ ful : bl knh�o . Clear, pure (of liquid) : ngac. Clear, visible: edah. aHmb To climb: al. Describes manner of opening one's eyes clearly : kl&C. To climb (of vine) : drung. Describes manner of opening one's To climb, to rise: ar. eyes clearly (plural): bi kl�c. To make climb , to make rise: Land cleared for cultivation: b I ar. enah 1 . a"log To clean, to make clear and Clogged, stopped up : dal . bright: bi tac mngac. To cap, to clog, to close, to To clear (land), to cut (path, plug, to stop up : akat, bi akat. road, etc.): jah. To clog, to stop up : bi da l . To clear (land) , to cut (path, road, etc.) (plural): bi jah. a"lose To clear (land), to dig, to ex­ Close, compact, dense: kier. cavate: cuk. Close, near (hong to) : giam, je. To clear (path): tao Closed tightly: krap, krrp. To clear (path) (plural) : bi tao Sealed closed by dried secre­ To clear one 's throat: aham, bi tion (of di seased eye): prato aham , cth am. To cap , to clog, to close, to To clear, to make free of vege­ plug, to stop up: akat , bi akat. tation or other obstruction: bl To close: bi krlp, kaal1, krlp. taco To close (one's mouth) : krap. To make (someone) clear his throat : bl aham, bl ctham. To close (plural): b i kaa I . 154

To close (someone 's mouth ): bi aLuster krap. To make shell corn, to make remove something from a cluster : To go close, to stay close, to b i pI eh . go near , to stay near : ting. tring2. To shell (corn) to remove from a cluster: pleh � To make go close, to make stay close, to make go near, to make aoaL stay near: bi ting. bi tring. Charcoal : h dan g l . To move close, to m��e compact, Ember, glowing coal: angharl. to make dense : bi kler. To roast under coals (meat or To move clo se, to move near fish wrapped in leaves) : kdum . (hong to): bi giam. bl je. bi mg iam. mg iam. To roast under coal s (meat or fish wrapped in leaves) (plu­ To move close, to move near ral): b i kdum . (pointed object) (ti to): bi mto. mto. aoast To move part of one's body close Beach, coast , riverbank, shore : to: king. hangl. To move very close, to move very Beach, coast , shore: hang ksf. near (hong to ): bi m�m. aoak To seal closed (diseased eye ) To cock (crossbow , gun) : �&c . (of disease, etc.): b i prato sak. Very close, very near (hong to): To cock (c�ossbow, gun ) (plu­ m�. ral): bi sec. aLoth: chiam. To make (someone) cock a cross­ bow or gun : bi sak. Bolt of cloth : k'kun. kun. Cloth of pounded bark placed on elephant 's back to protect it from friction with the ySng: aoaonut kcTl . Coconut fruit: boh eung . Coconut tree : ana boh sung. aLothes: chum ao. To remove the clothes of, to aoffee: ea kphe. ea phe . kphe. undress: bl al�ng. bi I�ng . bi phe. mlun. Coffee bean : kphe. phe. aLoud: biut. Coffee tree: ana kphe. ana phe.

Black cloud: knam. aoffi n: b8ng. aLoudy : knam. Cloudy and rainy: bi knam. ao Ld: e:at . To make cloudy, to make unclear by stirring up (liquid) : bi puk. Cold (sickness) : klei abhaii . pUk2• Cold and shivering: srik. aLuak To make cold: bi e:at. Describes manner of a chicken 's To make cold and shivering: bi clucking, of a duck's quacking : 5 r i k. chap chap. Describes manner of a female ao Hapse chicken or turkey's clucking: To collapse , to fall down (of kok kok. building, cave, table, wall, etc . ): d I �h 2. k I �h . 155

To make collapse , to make fall compatibZe down (building, cave , table , Alike , compatible, matching: wall, etc.): bi dillh, bi kd lllh, guop. b i k I lIh , b i m d 11Ih, k d I lIh , m d llih 2 . Alike , compatible, matching bi guop. co ZZect (plural) : To collect, to gather up : bi kaln, kaln. compensate To compensate: ba kei . coZogne To compensate (plural): bi ba Cologne , perfume : ea klon, ea kei . miiak, klon. To compensate someone for dam­ (kd tuh jia. co Zour: ea2• age done by) : Colourful , multicoloured: brung. To compensate someone for dam­ age done (kd by ) (plural ): bi To make colourful , to make multi­ tuh jia. coloured: bi brung . compensation co Zumn To demand compensation from To follow in a column (of ants, for damage , injury, or offense: soldiers): rue2, ru�2 . eu. To make follow in a column: bi To demand compensation from rue, bi ru�. for damage , injury , or offense (plural ): bi eu. comb : ks i . kmao. compe te Rooster comb : To compete: bi long, bi mlong , Rooster comb , erect scales along mlong. spine of dragon or dinosaur: kmang2. To compete for, to struggle for (hong with) : bi m'mhia, bi To comb : gr. mh ia, m'mhia, mh ia. To comb (plural) : bi gr. comp Zete Describes an action 's complete­ come To come : h r i e. ness or de finiteness : khut khat. To come (plural ): bi hrie. compZeteZy Completely, perfectly , thor­ command oughly: j um2 . Emphatic command particle : hO l. Completely, perfectly , thor­ oughly (used only in commands ): communist: roh kl in. b i j um. compact concave Close, compact, dense: kier. Concave , dented in: ahuap. To move close, to make compact, bi kie r. To make bowl-shaped, to make to make dense: concave : bi mea, mea . company To make concave , to dent in: To enjoy another's company, to bi ahuap. visit: chlln, engue . To enjoy another's company , to condemned visit (plural): bi chlln, bi In traditional belief, jinxed engue . or condemned to mis fortune by undesirable action of another person : kwak . compare To compare: bi mse . condo Ze To condole : rung 1 • 156

aonfident To talk, to have a short con­ Able , impressive , self-confident , versation (plural ): bi bl� hram. well-qualified: knam . To make able , to make impres­ convex: k�ng. sive, to make sel f-confident, To make convex: bi kung . to make well-qualified: bi knam . aonvinae aonso Ze To convince, to make prefer, To heal , to make recover , to to persuade : bi kl fng tfng. console: bi hlao. cooccur aonsume To make cooccur , to make happen Consumed, exhausted , finished , at the same time , to make sim­ used up: jih. ultaneous : bi meram. To consume , to exhaust, to fin­ ish, to use up : bl jih, Jih, cook th i p. Cooked : atuk, ksa. To mak e consume , to make ex� Cooked rice : esei. haust , to make finish, to make To cook : atuk. use up : bl mthip, bi thlp, mthip. To cook (plural): bi atuk. aontaat To cook (rice): kna .

Tox be in contact with, to touch: so . To cook (rice) (plural ): bi kna. To place (something) in contact To cook (vegetables) a short (hong with), to touch (something) time in a little water : kc:J�I . (hong to) : bi 58. To cook (vegetables) a short time in a little water (plu­ aontai ner ral ) : b i kc:Ju I . Kind of container made from bamboo stem : mlol . To cook completely : bi ksa. Kind of rice storage container To cook over fire: hc:Jr2. made from hollo w dry squash: To cook over fire (plural ): bi ml ue . hc:Jr . Woven bamboo contai ner for drying fish or meat : ktft. cooking po t: go djam. Fancy water jar or cooking pot : aontract go sung . Contracted, wrinkled (of skin of animal or fruit ): kcfng. Small fancy water jar or cook­ ing pot: go se. To catch, to contract (disease): dj 02• coo Z: asap. To catch, to contract (disease, To cool : bi e4ap. attitude , etc.): bl tllp, tllp. coop To make contract, to make Bird cage , chicken coop : wrinkle: bi kcfng . apongl, pongl . contribute copy To contribute to a common cause, tui. to chip in : bl .c�ng, .c�ng. To copy , to imitate: To make copy something, to make To contribute, to give , to hand: bi tui. myc:Jr . imitate someone: cork conversation Cap , cork , plug, stopper: akat. To talk, to have a short con­ bl� hram. versation: corn : ktc:Jr . 157

To husk (corn): hak. (older ) t one 's father 's brother 's son : ayong . To husk (corn) (plural) : bi hak. Older sister, one 's child-in­ To make shell corn, to make re­ law's mother (older), cousin: move something from a cluster: one 's mother's daughter (older), b i pI eh. one 's father 's brother 's daughter (older) : amai . To shell (corn ) 1 to remove from a cluster: pleh Younger brother, younger sister, one 's chi ld-in-Iaw's parent corner: aki&ng. (younger ), cousin: one 's Angle, corner: k�unl. mother 's sister's child (youn­ ger): adei. corp8e : a t�o . cover corra � Cover, lid: kd rua. Corral, pen, zoo: wa r hlo. Covered completely (of carpeted floor , painted wall , etc.): correct t I i r • Correct, exact , right : kla. To be covered with dense vege­ Correct, real , right , true: SIt. tation : bh It . To correct, to make equal , to To cover (hong with): bi tlum, make exact : bi kla. tlum. co t: Ii. To cover (kd someone, some­ thing) with: bi klum. klum. cotton To cover completely (carpeted Cotton plant : ana kpaih. phun floor , painted wall , etc.): bi kpa i h. t I i r. Raw cotton: kpaih. To cover in order to protect Raw cotton with seeds removed: (plant , fruit , etc.): pam, pram. hml e i . To cover in order to protect (plant , fruit, etc.) (plural ): cotton gin: mtak. bi pam, bi pram. cough : mtuk. To cover with (blanket , cloth, etc.): asam, bi asam. To cough, to have a cough : bi mtuk, mtuk. To cover , to place (hong some­ thing) on top of (something): To make cough : bi mtuk. bi gam , gam2 • count To cover , to shelter: pang , To count : yap. prang1• To count (plural): bi yap. To cover, to shelter (plural ): bi pang , bi prang. To make count : bi yap. covering country Bark , outer covering, shell: Country, homeland: �ar. atok. Country , universe, world : Ian Thin skin-like covering on a I a. bird's foot: edjao1• cou8in covet Cousin: one 's mother 's brother's To covet , to desire, to want : son: kna i . bi mgham. mgham, tluh. Older brother , one 's child-in­ To make covet, to make desire, law's father (older), cousin: to make want : bi mtl uh, bi tluh. one 's mother's sister's son mtluh. 158

aow : emo . cricket Kind of cricket : lir2, yin. aowardl.y Constantly afraid, cowardly , arippl.e timid: blao. Crippled by old age or disease: eWA le• A n. aower To cripple (of old age , dis­ Cowering: ben budn . ease ): bi ew ien. To cower , to lie down in order to hide or protect oneself: croaodi l.e: mo'ya . krap2. arooked To cower , to lie down in order Bent , crooked, not straight : to hide or protect oneself (plu­ we . ral): bl krap. Crooked, inclined, sloping: To make cower, to make (someone) dhTng , kllng . lie down in order to hide or protect himself: bi krap. To bend, to make crooked: bi we . arab : arieng. To make crooked , to incline , to slope: bi 4h Tng , bi kl Ing, bi araak m4h rng , mahTng. Crack, split : e:a. Cracked by heat , split by heat: crop k4ang. Bird's craw , crop : biam.

Having many cracks, having many cross splits: bi e:a. To cross diagonally (hong To crack by heat , split by heat : with): mgan. bi k4ang. To cross, to pass over : hgao . apam To cross, to pass over (plural ): To cram in, to stuff in: sun. b i hgao. To make cram something in, to To make (something) cross (hong make stuff something in: bi sun. something ), to place (something) across (hong something): kal 2, arank b i kal. To crank , to pump : bi kwa, kwa1• aross-eyed: �l ieng. arave To crave , to desire: bi ktue. crossbeam Wooden crossbeam connecting To make crave , to make desire: opposite house posts at floor bi ktue . level in traditional house : ae . araw cros sbow : h na . Bird's craw , crop : blam. Bow of cros sbow : kniet. arawl. Crosspiece of crossbow: kpung1• To crawl : rui . Describes manner of crossbow To make crawl : bi rui . trigger 's being released : to'ng. aream: krem. To cock (crossbow , gun) : ��� , sak. creased To cock (crossbow, gun) (plu­ Broken (of long object), creased, ral): b i . ���. folded: bi joh, Joh . To make (someone) cock a cross­ create bow or gun : bi sak. To create, to make: bi mj ing, mj i ng . 159

crosspiece To make cunning, to make sly: Crosspiece of crossbow : kpungl. b i mn&c . crow : ak. cup kcok. To crow: k d j 8. Cup , glass: To make crow : bi kdj8 . cupboard Clothes cupboard, wardrobe: crown hip mddng. Crown of head: wien. cure crue l: nga eai . To cure, to give medicine to , bi md rao, mdrao . Cruel (plural): bi nga sa i. to treat : curl crush To curl, to make curly, to make To break into small pieces by wrinkled, to wrinkle : bi kpr�n. beating, to crush, to smash: k�am. curly To break into small pieces by Curly , wrinkled: kpr�n . beating, to crush, to smash To curl , to make curly, to make (plural ): bi k�am . wrinkled, to wrinkle: bi kpr�n. crust currency Crust of cooked rice: krip. Bill, currency , money : prak. cry curs e Describes manner of a dog's Describes manner of dying men­ crying in pain: kdk . tioned in curses: ak rak. Describes manner of a parrot 's To curse: atam2 , atam pah . crying : tet tet. To curse (plural): bi atam, bi Describes manner of crying of atam pah. goat: mhe , mhe mhe . Describes manner of crying fre­ curve quently or for a long time : To bend, to curve : bi kong. dj he djhe. custom To cry: hi a. Regulat ion, law , custom : klei To cry (of eagle ), to howl (of bhian. dog): ailS. customary To cry for help (kd to): kw�h . Customary , usual : bhian. To make (eagle) cry , to make (dog) howl : bi a18. cut Abraded, cut deeply, wounded : To make cry: bi hia. eka. cucumber: kmun . Abraded, cut superficially , scraped (of skin) : klhok, klok. Cucumber plant : hrue kmun . Abrasion, cut , scrape : khlok Whistle made from cucumber stem: k I rt. "rng buot. Broken, cut apart : tloh. cuff Cut at right angle : khatl. Cuff, edge, hem, border (of anything) : knhal . Cut diagonally : sa l . Cut off (of hand, foot, etc.): cunning ban . To be cunning, to be sly: mn��l. 160

Cut off, pulled off (of branches To cut a notch in (plural ): bi and leaves), separated (of ob­ taI. jects which belong to gether): To cut at right angle : bl khat. ktlah. To cut diagonally : bi 9al, riah. Cutting board: thdt . To cut diagonally (plural): bl Describes being easily broken, riah. easily cut : kral , krdl . To cut down. to fell: druom. Describes manner of being com­ pletely cut off, severed: khuk To cut into pieces: �hat. khuk. To cut into pieces (plural ): Describes manner of cutting or b i � ha t. hitting: khak khak, khe k khek, To cut off (bark) . to skin khok khok. ( sugarcane ) : k I ak. To abrade , to cut deeply, to To cut off (bark) , to skin wound: bi �ka . (sugarcane ) (plural ): bi klak. To abrade , to cut superficially. To cut off (plant) with a hoe : to sc rape (skin) : bi klhok, bi �oh . klok. To cut off (plant) with a hoe To break, to cut apart: bl tloh. (plural ): bi coh o To butcher. to cut . to slice: To cut off (side shoot. bark) : ta 12. klhuah. To butcher. to cut . to slice To cut off (side shoot. bark) (plural ) : b i ta I . (plural): bi klhuah . To chop into pieces. to cut: bi To cut off (tree branch): gal2• kr�� , kr��l . To cut off (tree branch) (plu­ To clear (land) . to cut (path . ral): bi gal. road. etc.): jah. To cut off, to pull off To clear (land) . to cut (path. (branches and leaves) , to sep­ road. etc.) (plural): bi jah. arate (objects which belong To cut : jah, kap3. together) : bi ktlah, bi mtlah, bi tlah, mtlah, tlah. To cut (bamb oo , small tree): koh . To cut superficially : bi pa l, To cut (bamboo. small tree) (plu­ pa I. ral): b i koh . To cut with an upward stroke : To cut (of axe . knife . etc.): b i klak, klakl. 9dng 2. To cut , to cut open: t a o To cut (plant): wia. To cut . to cut open (plural) : To cut (plant ) (plural ): bi wia. b i t a o To cut (plural): bi jah. To make cut a notch: b i tlak. To cut (small object such as To make cut a plant : b i w i a . rope. string . etc.): khat. To pinch off. to cut off with To cut (small object such as one 's fingernail: ktf. rope . string. etc.) (plural): bi khat. To pinch off. to cu t off with one's fingernai l (plural): bi To cut (small tree. bamboo. k t r.

pencil. etc.): k'kia. r To wound by cutting: bi 5 I , To cut (small tree . bamboo. · 5 T • pencil. etc .) (plural ): bi k'kia . To cut a notch in: bl klak, klak1, tal2, tlak. D dead: tuic. d Dead tree : ana ko'yao krS. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, Describes manner of lying of D : do'. dead animal , person, or plant : k I ling 1 •

A letter of the Rhade alphabet, deaf: kngal . P: 40'2 . To make deaf, to deafen: bi dj kngal . A letter of the Rhade alphabet, DJ : djo'. de afe n To make deaf , to deafen: bi dam kngal . To build a dam: b� ea . death To build a dam ( plural ) : bi b� To make ( someone ) wail over ea. death (ko' of) : bi cok. To dam : b�. To wail over death (ko' of) : cok. To dam ( plural ) : bi b�. To wail over death (ko' of) ( plu­ ral ) : b i cok . damage Damaged, destroyed: ra i. deb t: nll. To damage , to destroy : bi ra i. decay da nce Something invisible believed To dance: kdo. to cuase tooth decay : ieng . To dance ( plural ) : bi kdo . December: mlan pluh dua . To make dance: bi kdo. decorate ( dandruff: k'kaih. To decorate, to embroider ends of loincloth ) with beads : kteh. dangerous To decorate, to embroider ( ends Dangerous ( of a place ) : biat. of loincloth ) with beads ( plu­ ral ) : bi kteh . dark: m'mat. To darken, to make dark : bi decrease m'ma t. To decrease, to make less: bi 9ia. darken To darken, to make dark: bi deep: elam. m'ma t. To deepen, to mak e deep: bi elam. daughter Daughter, son: anak. deepen Princess, daughter of rich fam­ To deepen , to make deep: bi ily ( archaic ) : hbia. elam. deer : hIS rang. daughter-in-Zaw: mtao mnie. Daughter-in-law , son-in-law : Kind of very small deer : druah. mtao 1. defecate eh , eh. day : hrue. To defecate: aguah dih. To defecate excessively : bi eh, Day after tomorrow : b i eh . Day before yesterday : hrue mdlh. To defecate, to urinate: tIS. 162

To make defecate . to make urin­ deny ate : bi tlo. To deny : k I a h. To deny (plural): bi klah. defecating To bear down or strain in defe­ depression cating or giving birth : aran. To bore a hole in. to make a krun. depression in (fallen tree): To make bear down or strain in klok. defecating or giving birth: bi To bore a hole in, to make a aran . bi krun. depression in (fallen tree) (plural ): bl klok. definite bl sft. bi Definite. for sure : descend sft nfk, sft nfk. To descend. to go down : trun . Describes an action's complete­ ness or definiteness: khut khat. deserving: nang . To make de serving: bi nang . defl-ate pe . Deflated: de sire To deflate: bl edu, bi pe . To covet . to desire. to want : bi mgham, mgham, tluh. de l-ay bi ktue. To delay . to make late : bi edei . To crave . to desire: To desire. to like. to want : de l-icious: jak. ciang . Delicious. fragrant : ��o mng�i . To desire . to like . to want (plural ): bi ciang. To make delicious . to make fragrant : bi ��o mng�i . To make covet. to make desire. to make want : bi mtluh, bi de l-iver tluh, mtluh. To help (someone) deliver her To make crave . to make desire: baby: bi truh tian. bi ktue . To help give birth. to help de­ liver: bi k'kieng . de s troy Damaged, destroyed: rai . demand To damage . to destroy: bi rai. To demand compensation from for eu. damage. injury, or offense: de tain To demand compensation from for To detain . to stop : bi kdng, damage. injury . or offense (plu­ kdng . ral): bl eu. dew : ea nguom, nguom . dense Covered with dew: bi nguom . Close. compact. dense: kler. Dewy : nguom. To make dense (vegetation): bi bhft . diagonaUy To move close. to make compact. Cut diagonally : �a l. to make dense: bi kler. To cut diagonally: bi �a l. dent diamond: h r i e I • Concave . dented in: ahuap. Dented : �ip. diarrhoea: e h mdea .

To dent : bi �Ip. die To make concave . to dent in: bl To die : dj ie, lufc2• ahuap. different: mde . di ligen t To make (something ) different Describes manner of working (hong from) : bl mde. diligently: phe phe, phrt phrt. Diligent , hard-working, indus­ difficuH trious : kreh , krLing , talh2• Difficult to , not eas ily, not sui joh To make diligent , to make hard­ readily (as in 'dif­ working , to make industrious : ficult to break, not easily bl kreh, bl krlang . broken '): sui . Difficult , hard : dleh. di "lute Diluted, weak because watered diffi cu Hies down , watery (of wine): sahl. To cause difficulties in, to To dilute : b I I a I, I a 12. make difficulties for : bl dleh . To dilute , to make weak by difficu Hy watering down, to make watery: Describes manner of an action 's b I sah. diffi culty: dan dan. dip dig To dip: drut. To clear (land) , to dig, to ex­ To make (someone) dip something: cavate: cuk. bl drlit. To dig: k I e I I. dipper: knuah . To dig (plural) : b I k I e I. To dig out : ka I I. dire ct Direct, exact, right , true : To dig out (plural ) : b I ka I. dj 0 I. To dig up vigorously with one 's Direct, exactly on target: pha. hands or paws : kual. To go directly , to go straight : To dig up with one's hands or klah. paws : ka I h, pa I h. To go directly, to go straight To dig up with one 's hands or (plural ): bl klah. paws (plural): bl kalh. To dig up with paws or claws di rection ( plural ) : b I pa I h. Area, direction, place, vicin­ ity, way: krrng . To dig with a bamboo spade: t I hI. Direction , place, way : anlh, elinl, kcun2• To dig with force: tl�h. Direction , way : hdra , pha. To dig with force (plural): bl tilth. To adjust direction of, to align with, to aim (gun): bl To dig with one 's hands or paws pha. (plural) : bl kual . To make dig up something with directions hands or paws : bl pa lh. To give directions to, to guide : bi b Tt . To make dig up vigorously with hands or paws: hi kual. dirt To make dig with a bamboo spade : Dirt or dust adhering to one's bi t I h. skin: grT. To use (tractor) to clear or To make play in dirt : bl pi I, level land or to dig or to ex­ p I In. cavate : bl euk. To play in dirt : bl pi In, pJ I. digit dirty : cho. Finger, toe , digit : k4ieng. 164

Describes manner of child's Kind of itchy , scaly skin dis­ being dirty: mhip mhap, mip mhap. ease : lak. To make dirty: bi cho, bi mcho , Kind of scaly , itchy , watery bi mi p mhap, mcho. skin disease: krin2 • Kind of skin disease affecting di8agre e Angry , di sagreeing, unhappy: underside of buffalo and cow: c8n. kac2• Angry, disagreeing, unhappy Kind of skin disease causing bi c8n . itchy , smelly white spots: ( plural ) : amI um , m I um. To argue about , to disagree Ringworm, kind of skin disease : about (hong with) : bi tang, tangl• ruih. To argue , to disagree (hong To have a certain skin disease bi tang , tangl• which causes small watery blis­ with, ko' about) : ters and commonly affects only m�le, bi m�le. disagreeab "Le children : Disagreeable, unfriendly: roh. To make diseased ( eye ) : bi ta o Disagreeable, unfriendly ( plu­ bi roh . disgusted ral ) : Disgusted b n u p easant smell : bi knur e � , knue� � . disappear To disappear , to escape, to get dish out , to run away: Que. Dishes : ch i�n mngan. To make disappear , to make es­ cape , to make get out, to make To make wash dishes: bi ua . run away: bi QUe. To wash ( di shes ) : ual. To wash ( dishes) ( plural) : bi disarrange ua . To be disarranged, to be messy : bhi. dish up To disarrange , to make messy : To dish up , to serve : jhok , b i bh i . tuah . disaard To dish up , to serve ( plural) : To discard, to throw away : bi jhok. hw i � I. To make dish up something, to make serve something: bi tuah. To discard, to tbrow away ( plu­ ral : b i hw i � . ) disina"Lined disaharged Dis inclined ( to do something) : Easily dischar ed of gun , adan. f ( crossbow ) : Jar . Disinclined ( to do something) ( plural ) : bi adan. disaourage To discourage : bi �du ai ati�. di s "Like To be angry (hong with) , to disease dislike (hong someone ) : bi biat. Diseased of eye : tal. ( ) To di slike (ko' food) : nuih. Having a kind of skin disease causing itchy , smelly white To dislike ( someone , something) : spots: bi mlum. mllc. Having much itchy , scaly skin To dislike ( someone, something) disease: bi lak. ( plural ) : bi mliC. Having much ringworm skin dis­ To dislike very much : mllc mac . ease: bi ruth. To dislike very much ( plural) : To make noisy, to di sturb with bi mll� maC. noise: bi ngail. dj ik dJak. To dislike , to hate : ditch To dislike, to hate ( plural ) : Ditch, gully, s ace between two bi dj ik djak. mountains: troh f . di s'liking dive Describes manner of hating, of To dive : nil �a . disliking: dj ik djak. divide dismiss To divide : bi kah, bi keh, kah, To dismiss, to excuse from work , kehl. school, or responsibility: bi �nang. di vision Division , part, portion , side , di sobedient: �gao2. zone: kdri�k.

Cheating, disobedient , stubborn: divorce al�� alar, alH al i r. To divorce : lui 1• Describes manner of being dis­ To divorce plural : bi lui. obedient , of disobeying: kllk ( ) k Ilk . dizzy: hWlr ko . disobey Dizzy from height : hyllt . Describes manner of being di s­ To make dizzy: bi hyllt . obedient , o� disobeying: kllk kllk. do To disobey: bi �gao. To do , to make: nga . To do, to make ( plural : bi nga. disorderLy ) Describes manner of being dis­ a� �a drao . orderly, mixed up : nhak nhai . doctor: Native practitioner, shaman , di sregard witch doctor: mjao. To disregard : bi mgao, mgao. To make become a shaman, to make become a witch doctor , to dissension make become a practitioner: bi Di s sension, trouble: roh ga h. kbuit!. di ssoLve do g: asao. Dissolved , melted : lik. Describes manner of a dog's To dissolve in one's mouth: crying in pain : kdk . aml im, bi aml im, ml im. Describes manner of calling To dissolve , to melt : bi lik. dogs : k� k� . To make (kd someone ) dissolve To call dog : kee. something in his mouth: bl ml im. ( ) To call ( dog) ( plural ) : bi kee. distant To send ( dO ) after game : bi Distant , far : kblli , taihl. mch lp, ChIP� , mchrp. To make distant , to make far : bi kblli , bi taih. dome sticated Domesticated animals: �mo kbao. di sturb Noisy ( of place) , disturbed by don 't noise of person : ngaR. Do not , don't, negative imper­ ( ) ative : e m ... oh . To disturb , to frighten a�ay a unintentionally: bi r8, ro o 166

donate To bore a hole in, to drill To donate, to give : jao. with a drill tool (plural ): bi k ta r . To donate , to give (plural): bl jao. drink Describes manner of elephant 's door : aang aha prong. shooting water from its trunk Door, window : 9ang 9ha . or drinking: suah. To ab stain from drinking or do t kam1• Dot, period , point : k�o. eating : mnam . To make a dot : k�o . To drink : To drink (plural) : bi mnam. To place a dot , period, or point on: bi k�o. To drink rice wine from a series of �eh : mnam ring. doubt To drink rice wine from a series Particle indicating doubt : be . of �eh (plural): bi mnam ring. down To make ab stain from drinking To bring down , to lower : bi or eating: bi kam . mtrun, bi trun, mtrun . To make drink : bi mnam . To descend, to go down : trun . drinking straw To make put something down , to Drinking straw, pipe , tube: make set something down : bi I�h. 4lng. To put down , to set down : I�h. drip: th�t . drag To dr ip: th�t . Describes manner of dragging a hard object along the ground: To drip (liquid) on : tro� . kre t kret, kri t kri t. To drip (liquid) on (plural): Describes manner of dragging or bi t roc!. pulling a long object along the To drip liquid on : bi djah . ground : hua hua. To dr ip liquid on, to smear dragonfly: tang mango liquid on with one 's finger : bi mdjah, mdjah. draw up To make drip: bi th�t . To draw up (one's legs): k�un3. To draw up (one's or someone's drive legs): bi k�un . To drive (vehicle): dja. To drive (vehicle ) (plural ): bi dream dja. To dream (kd about): bi epei , epe i . To drive away: bi tam , tam. To dream about , to imagine , to To drive away (animal) : bi suih, see in one's mind : bi auh . puh1, suih. To drive away (animal ) (plural ): dress: mdi eng . b i puh . To dress (a male ) well in order To dr ive away (chicken): bi that he look handsome and young: sdih, sdih. bi dam, bi edam. To drive away (someone): suot. To dress up (a female) well in order that she look pretty and To drive , to herd (animal): bi young: bi era. wieng, wleng . To drive , to make go (animal , dri ZZ vehicle, etc.): bi nao. To bore a hole in, to dr ill with a drill tool: ktar. 167

To make drive someone away: bi during suot. During, while : eja i.

To ride (animal ) fast , to drive dust: &ruih. (vehicle) fast : mtio. Dirt or dust adhering to one 's To ride (animal ) fast, to drive skin: grT. (vehicle) fast (plural ): bi mti o. dus ty : &ruih. dri zz�e To make dusty: bi &ruih. Drizzle, light rain, shower : hI rm . dye Dye made from indigo plant : drop kriim . To drop: b i pIe, pIe. To dye : iiuom. To drop, to fall : Ie. To dye (plural): bi iiuom . To drop, to make fall down : bi Ie. dying Describes manner of dying men­ To make fall, to drop : bi luh. tioned in curses: ak rak . drowning: mngat2• dysentery Cholera , dysentery: klei rua drum : h 9 o'r . eh erah. drumstick Drumstick, tambourine stick : mnoh , pnoh . E dry : kro, thu. e Dry, not rainy (of weather): A letter of the Rhade alphabet , khong. E: e. To dry: bi thu. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, t: e. To dry (fish, meat , wood): bi kro. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, f: e"1 . To make become dry (weather): bi khong . e letter of the Rhade alphabet , To spread to dry in the sun : � - 1 e&hu, rangl• E: e .

To spread to dry in the sun each (plural ): bl e&hu, bi rang. All, each, every : so'ar. Woven bamboo container for Each individually , each one: drying fish or meat : ktrt. mde b i . duck: bip. Each , every: grap.

Describes manner of a chicken's each other clucking , of a duck's quacking: Each other, ourselves, them­ �hap �hap. selves, yourselves (must be Describes manner of a duck's followed by appropriate personal quacking: �ap �ap, kap kap. pronoun): hdang gap. Kind of duck: sin. Each other, ourselves , them­ selves, yourselves (must be du Z Z: abal . followed by appropriate plural pronoun): hdang2 . To dull, to make dull: bi abal . eag�e : tlang. 168

To cry (of eagle ), to howl (of To eat with chopsticks (plural): dog) : a I �. b I k�i p. To make (eagle) cry, to make To have nothing to eat : �3 . (dog) howl : bi al�. To make (animal , person) eat knga. something directly from plate, ear: pot , etc., without using fin­ External ear : abao knga. gers, spoon , etc.: bi muk . earlier To make ab stain from drinking Earlier, first : el�o. or eating: bi kam. To make eat rice: bi hua . ear ly : 11m . To make not eat : bi �, bi � an. To be early (used in commands only): bi 11m . To not eat : �3 . bue. echo earring: Echoing: kwang2 • earth To make echo : bi kwang. Earth, soil: Ian. edge earthworm : enang . Cuff, edge, hem, border (of anything) : knhal . easily Difficult to, not easily, not Edge , rim: gaol . readily (as in sui joh 'diffi ­ cult to break, not easily ee l: enung . broken'): sui . effort Easily, readily (as in djal joh Describes manner of exerting 'easily broken' ): dj a I. effort: nfk nfk. dhung. Describes manner of exerting east: great effort : thlln thlln. easy : enlli h. Exerting great effort , perse­ Easy to talk with: emhac. vering: gfr. bi enlli h� To exert great effort in run­ To make easy: ning, walking, etc.: knhal. eat To make exert great effort in Describes manner of a pig's running, walking, etc.: bi eating: chup chup, phup phup, knha I. plap plap. To make exert great effort, to Describes manner of tiger's make persevere : bi gfr. eating: krup krup. bohl, boh mnu. boh mnu To abstain from drinking or egg: eating : kaml. To incubate, to sit on (egg) : kram . To eat : &c1ng I. To eat (meal includin g rice): To lay many eggs: mboh . h ua &c1ng. To make incubate, to make (bird) To eat (rice): hua. sit on its eggs : bi kram. Yolk of egg: ala boh mnu, ala To eat directly from plate, knr. pot , etc., without using fin­ muk. gers, spoon , etc.: eggplant: trong. To eat rice : hua. Bitter and sour (of eggplant, To eat rice (plural ): bl hua . rice wine): dh iam. To eat with chopsticks: k�ip. Eggplant plant : ana trong . To make bitter and sour ( egg­ embarrass plant , rice wine ) : bi dh iam. Ashamed, embarrassed: bi mla o, To make very bitter ( eggplant, ml ao 3• rice wine ) : bi dh iek. To make ashamed, to embarrass: b i ml ao . Very bitter ( of eggplant, rice ) dh iek. wine : ember Ember , glowing coal : angharl. eight: sa pan. Stick of wood with one end a either glowing ember : kl ui� pui . As well , either ( as in 'I don 't either ' ) : kan ... l e i. embrace To embrace, to hug: kmiek. akieng , k'kieng2, kcunl. elbow: To embrace, to hug ( plural ) : To hit with one's elbow : neh . bi kmiH. To hit with one 's elbow ( plural ) : To make embrace someone, to b i neh. make hug someone: bi kmiek. elephant: eman. embroider To decorate , to embroider ( ends Describes manner of an elephant 's ) kteh. breaking something : phak phak , of loincloth with beads : phak phak. To decorate, to embroider ( ends of loincloth ) with beads ( plu­ Describes manner of elephant's r al ) : b i k t e h • shooting water from its trunk : sruah sruah. To embroider : sa . Describes manner of elephant 's To embroider ( plural ) : bi sa . shooting water from its trunk or To make embroider: bi sa. drinking: suah. Elephant tusk, ivory: mla. emerge To come out , to emerge : ele. Kind of sharp prod for control­ ling elephant : kuh eman. To come out , to emerge , to go out : kb ia. To lie down by lowering hind legs and then front legs ( of To make come out , to make em­ elephant ) : trung . erge : bi ele. To make ( elephant ) lie down by To make come out , to make em­ lowering its hind legs and then erge , to make go out : bi kb ia. its front legs : bi trung. emphasis To sacrifice to ( elephant ) by Particle of emphasis: h e , ydh . pouring liquid on : tuh . To sacrifice to ( elephant ) by emphatic pouring liquid on ( plural ) : bi Emphatic command particle: hal. t uh . empty : hudng . Wooden and rattan frame placed on elephant 's back for carrying To empty : bi hudng . loads : y8ng2• encircle eloquent To encircle , to surround: Pleasant ( of singing) , eloquent kwang l. ( of speaking) : wa i2• To go around , to encircle : bi To make ( one's voice) pleasant , jum, bi jum dar, bi jum gah gan. to make ( one 's words ) eloquent : To make encircle , to make sur­ b i wa i . round: bi kwang. 170

enclosed To make enough , to make suf­ Enclosed area: war. ficient : bi djap . To make exactly enough : bi liap. enclosure To place in a cage or enclosure, ens lave to jail, to imprison : kr�, kr�. To enslave : bi hlun. To place in a cage or enc losure, to jail, to imprison (plural ): enter bi kr�, bi kr�. Entering or penetrating easily without obstruction: srup. end To enter : mut, nu. End, last part : knhal tuic. To enter (plural): bi milt. end-to-end To insert , to make enter: bi To align, to place end-to-end: mut . bi d u� , d u� 1 • To make enter: bi nu, mnu. To be aligned, to be placed end­ to-end (hong with): bi du� . To make enter easily, to make penet rate easily : bi srup. endearment Term of endearment for young envious boy: no. Envious , jealous: keh2, trih. Term of endearment for young Envious , jealous (plural): bi girl: bu. keh . enemy envy Enemy, opponent : roh . To envy (someone ): tr i h. To envy (someone) (plural): b i energetic t r i h • Energetic, healthy , powerful , mdai. strong, vigorous : equal To make energetic , to make Equal in height or length: mtap . healthy , to make powerful , to Equal , same (in thickness, not make strong, to strengthen, to length): madr . make vigorous : bi mdai. Exactly equal in height or energy length and width : mtap madr . Energy , physical force , power : Exactly equal in size : trfp. ai , a i tie. To correct, to make equal , to engross make exact: bi kla. To be absorbedr to be engrossed To make equal in height or (kd in): kmang . length: bi mtap. enhance To make equal , to make the same : To enhance, to make impressive : b i madr . bi kd ram. To make exactly equal in height or length and width: bi mtap enjoy madr . To enjoy another 's company , to visit: ch�n , �ngu� . To make exactly equal in size: bi trTp. To enjoy another 's company, to visit (plural ): bi chun, bl escape engu� . To disappear , to escape, to get out, to run away : aue. enough Enough, sufficient : dJa p3. To esc ape : t I a i h . Exactly enough : I lap. To let escape , to make escape: bi mtlaih, bi tlaih, mtlaih. 171

To make disappear, to make es­ exampZe cape , to make get out , to make For example: si to hmo , to hmo . run away : bi eue. excavate escor t To clear ( land ) , to di g, to To accompany , to escort : bi excavate: cUk. mg rong, mg rong . To use ( tractor) to clear or To accompany , to escort , to level land or to dig or to ex­ guide : atiit. cavate : bi cuk. To accompany , to escort , to ( ) excessive guide plural : bi atiit. Excessive, too , too much: ee i. eternaZ To be excessive, to be extra: Eternal, forever : hlong Iii lar, ebeh . hlong lar, jok, Iii lar. To make excessive : bi ebeh. To make eternal , to make last forever: bi jok , bi Iiilar. exc Zama tion Exclamation of pain: h�. evade To make evade tasks: bi pl&c. excrement Excrement , faeces: eh , eh. evading Evading tasks by doing something excuse else : pl&cl . I'm sorry, Pardon, Excuse me : pap miiai . even To dismiss, to excuse from Although , even though, in spite work , school, or responsibility : of: khii ... he. bi enang . But still, even though : d�n iit. exert every : djii p2. Describes manner of exerting effort : iifk iifk. All, each, every : sdar. Describes manner of exerting Each, every: griip. great effort : th�n th�n . Every one , without omission, Exerting great effort, perse­ without exception: bi djiip. vering: gfr. everywhere To exert great effort in run­ Everywhere, all over: tar. ning , walking , etc.: kiihal . To spread everywhere , to spread To make exert great effort in all over : bi tar. running, walking, etc.: bi kiiha l exact Correct, exact, right : klii. exha Ze To breathe out , to exhale : ksuh . Direct, exact, right , true : djol . To make breathe out , to make Exactly, right : du ih. exhale : bi ksuh. Exactly , right ( as in 'right there ' ) : klu, pliil. exhaust Consumed, ex hausted, finished, To correct, to make equal , to used up : jih. make exact: bi klii. To consume , to exhaust, to examination finish, to use up : bi jih, jih, Examination, test : k lei b i long. th i p. To take an examination, to take To make consume , to make ex­ a test : bi long. haust, to make finish , to make use up : bi mthip, bi thip, mthip. 172

expand Describes manner of opening Expande d (as of rice grains in one 's eyes clearly (plural ): cooking): blangl. bi kl� c. To be expanded (plural): blangl. Di seased (of eye): tal. � To make expand: bi blang . Ir:itating to the eyes of on10n, smoke , etc.): tro. To make expand , to stretch: bi ksua . Sealed closed by dried secre­ tion (of diseased eye): prato expen8ive To irritate (eyes ): bi tr�. Expensive but of no practical val ue : 1 e, 1 Ie. To make (someone ) open his eyes wide : bi ktan, bi tan. Expensive, valuable : nang , yu8m . bl ta o �o make expensive , to make valu­ To make di seased (eye): able: bi yu8m. To open one's eyes wide : ktan, ta n. explain mblang. To seal closed (diseased eye ) To explain: (of disease , etc.): bi prato To explain (plural ): bi mblang. To make clear, to explain: bi n i k. F explode To explode : bi mtuh, mtuh . faae : �8 , �8 mta . To hide (one 's face ): kUp. extend To extend, to lengthen, to make To hide one 's face: kUp. long: bi d18ng. To make (someone) hide his face: b i kUp. extingui8h To extinguish (fire) by beating: To wash (one's face ) : pac 1. prah. To wash (some one else's face) : bi pac . To extinguish (fire) by beating bi prah . (plural ): fade To extinguish, to put out (fire): Faded (of colour) , wilted bi mdj ie, mdj ie, trulh. withered (of plant ): klap i . To extinguish, to put out (fire) To make fade , to make wilt, to (plural): bi truih. make wither : bi klap. To make extinguish a fire , to make put out a fire : bi truih. fa eae8 Excrement, faeces : eh, eh. extra To be excessive , to be extra: fa ll ebeh. Autumn , fall: yan hjan. De�cribes manner of falling : extraat bhang, phe, pIe, pl i!, pre. To extract, to pull out (tooth): burc. Describes manner of many ob­ jectd (such as fruit from a To extract , to pull out (tooth} tree) falling: pru pru. (plural): bl burL Describes manner of several objects' falling: phe phe ' pIe eye : a 1 a. pIe, pIlipIli . Cataract in eye : mnga etak. Fallen down , ready to topple Describes manner of opening (of plant , tree ): kbru. one 's eyes clearly : kl�c. 17 3

To collapse, to fall down (of To make far : bi 9ang, bi building, cave, table, wall , maang . etc.): dll/h2, kl u'h . drop, to fall : Ie. fa rt To Fart , flatulence: ktut. To drop, to make fall down: b i Ie. To fart : ktut. To fall : ebuh. To fart (plural ): bi ktut. To fall (of inanimate object) : fa st: hmar, pral l, pral. I uh . Describes an action's being To fall down : kdluh. fast or sudden: pl rp . To fall on : ktii. Fast, quick: djal. To fall on (plural ): bi ktii. To make fast: bi pral , bi pra I. To fall on and mash or pinch: k tit 2. To make fast, to hasten: bi hmar. To make collapse, to make fall down (building, cave , table , To ride (animal) fast, to drive wall, etc.): bi d I u'h , b i k d I u'h , (vehicle) fast: mtio. b i k I u'h , b i md I u'h , kd I u'h . md I u'h 2. To ride (animal ) fast , to drive (vehicle) fast (plural ): bi To make fall : bi ebuh. mtio. bi kdluh. To make fall down : fa t: ema. To make fall down , to make Fat pig: un tl in. topple (plant , tree): bi kbru . Fat , obese: emong. To make fall, to drop : bi luh. Fat , oily : prar. fami Ziar Th ick roll of fat around neck Accustomed, familiar : mu'ng . of buffalo : krim. To accustom, to make familiar: To be fat , to be oily : bi prar. bi b h ian, b i m u'n9 • To castrate (pig) and thereby fami ty : gap djue . make fat : bi bong . Family name: djue . To make fat , to fatten: bi emo ng . fan Electric fan : dhiar. fa ther: ama. To fan : pu'h. Father (children 's speech): ma . bi pu'h. To fan (plural): fa ther-in-taw To make fan : bi pu'h. Father-in-law , mother-in-law: kmha. fan g Fang, tusk (of wild pig): fa thom griang. Fathom! s�an of outstretched arms : epa . Having many tusks, having many fangs , having sharp tusks , fa tigue having sharp fangs : bi griang . Fatigued, tired : . egah, eman . far To fatigue , to tire: bi egah, Distant , far : kbu'i , taihl. b i ema n.

Far (of object shot or thrown): fa tten sang . To make fat� to fatten: bi To make distant , to make far : emo ng . bi kbu'i , bi taih. 174

fearless To build (fence , wall ) (plural ): Brave , fearless, unafraid: b i pa n g. j hong , knth. To build a fence: bi/ mnl:t. To make brave , to make fearless, To build a fenc e around: bl:t. to make unafraid: bi jhong, bi k r IIh• To build a fence around (plu­ ral): b i bi/, b i bi/ mnl:t. feather Body hair, feather, fur : mlao1 • fern Kind of fern: ana kthih. Feathers on arrow: k�lep. Kind of fern plant : ana kton , Having many wing feathers : bi ana mdWaih, phun kton , phun siap. mdWaih. To be hairy, to have much body Kind of large inedible fern hair, to have many feathers , to plant : ana kwan. be furry , to have much fur : bi mla o. fe rtile Wing and wing feathers (of Fertile , fruitful , productive , bird): siapl. prolific : . yum. To make fertile, to make fruit­ February : mlan dua. ful , to make productive , to make prolific: bi yum. fe ed To feed (kd animal , person): bi ciem, bi medng, bi m� iem, few A few, a little , some : ea . �iem, medng1, m� iem. Few , a few , little , a little : To feed (something) (kd to ): S ial b i sdng. fi eld fe el Lowland rice field: 102• To feel a patient 's abdomen, to palpate (of doctor ): kua i Mountain rice field: hma. tian. Soccer field: tac cling boh . fe et To go around (rice field) to To make (someone) tie the feet search for signs of intruders: of something: bi tling. t i r. To tie the feet of: tl ing. To make go around a rice field to search for signs of intru­ fe U de r s: bi t i r • To cut down , to fell: druom . fi ght To make (animal , human ) fell a To argue over , to fight over tree , to make (animal , human) (property of recently deceased loosen a post: bi g� . �� �)� !�� person): plahl. ce in felling (tree , To argue , to fight: nga tTp s tTp. fema le To fight : bi mb lah, bi nga, Female animal , mother animal : CTk, mb lah. ana 1 • To fight (kd for the sake of) : Female genitals (slang): arleng. kru3• Female human sex organ: khung . To fight (kd for the sake of) (plural): bl kru. fe nce : mn i/. To fight (plural): bi �Tk, bi To build (fence, wall): pang . mCTk, mCTk . 175

To fight , to make war against Finished: ruel, ru�l, tuic. ( plural ) : bi blah. Smoked to the finish ( of pipe To make argue , to make fight tObacco) : sah2 • over property of recently de ­ ceased person : bi plah. To consume , to exhaust, to fini sh , to use up : bi jih, jih, thi p. fi gure To make think, to make figure To finish: bi leh, bi rue, bi something out : bi tTng . ru� , bi tuic. To think about, to figure out : To finish ( pipe tobacco) : bi tfngl. sah . To make consume , to make ex­ fi ll haust , to make finish, to make To add, to fill with : bi boo us e up : b i m t hip, bi t hip, To fill : bi trei . mthip. ( ) ddr . To fill in hole : fi re : apui, pui . To fill in ( hole) ( plural ) : bi ddr . Describes burning of large fire: b 1 uk b 1 uk. To fill with water : bi tldng ( ) ram. ea, t I on'g ea . To build fire : To build ( fire) ( plural ) : bi fi llip ram. To fillip: kaheh . To burn, to light , to set fire To fillip ( plural ) : bi kaheh. to: cUh. To burn , to light , to set fire fi lter ( ) bi cUh . To filter : bi ka r, kar. to plural : To extinguish , to put out fi n: k'ki . ( fire) : bi mdj ie, mdj ie, truih. To extinguish, to put out fi na IIy: k n ha l t u i c. ( fire ) ( plural ) : bl truih. fine To hold over a fire : bi kh�ng, Fine , healthy : suaih. kh�ng . To light , to set fire to: cuh fi nger pu i . Finger, toe, digit : kaieng. To make extinguish a fire, to Index finger: kai eng ktr�o . make put out a fire: bi truih. Little finger: kaieng aa i. fire hydrant: gdng ea . Middle finger : kaieng krah. Ring finger: kaieng cut kdrah. fi rearm Firearm, gun ( generic, including To make ( someone) touch some­ from pistol up to cannon) : phao thing with his index finger : ktuang . b i t&e . To touch with one's index fin­ firefZy : · mang mit. ger : toe. fi rm To touch with one 's index fin­ Firm, strong, not easily broken , ger ( plural ) : bi t&e . hearty , not easily killed: rdng 2. fi ngernai Z Fingernail , toenail: k'k�o. Firm, sturdy : kjap . To make firm , to make hearty, fi nish to make strong, to strengthen : Consumed, exhausted, finished, b i rdng . used up: jih. 176

To make firm, to make sturdy: five: ema . bi kjap. fix fir8t: el�o. To fix , to repair: mkra. Earlier, first: el�o. To fix, to repair (plural ): bi mkra. fir8tborn Firstborn, oldest child: anak flag: kef3 . khua. Flag pole: gdng kef. akan. fi 8h: flaming: trdng. Describes manner of a fish's jumping or snapping at bait : flapping chop . Describes manner of a bird's flapping its wings : prfp prfp. Kind of fish: ab�, akan kgn , b�. fla8 hing Lucky, successful (at hunting Describes flashing of light­ or fishing) : egap2 . ning: bl ir bl ir.

To catch (fish) with pole , flat: lal, Iha. hook, and line : wahl. Flat , level (of land , sand, To make catch fish: bi wa h. etc.): dap. To make lucky at hunting or Flat , level, smooth : Iir 1. fishing, to make successful at hunting or fishing: bi egap. Having flat sides : lat. To remove water from a pool to To flatten, to level, to make catch fish: sac ea. flat : bi kl ia, kl ia. To remove water from a pool to To flatten , to make flat : bi catch fish (plural ): bi sac ea . la, bi lat, bi Iha. To flatten, to make flat , to fi 8h net level , to make level , to make Kind of bamboo fish net devi ce: smooth , to smooth: bi lir. p r if. Kind of conical woven bamb oo flatten fi sh net: krang . To flatten, to level (land, sand, etc.): bi dap. Long fish net, seine : nual . To flatten, to level , to make fi 8h trap: hrdk, k�udn. flat : bi kl ia, kl ia. To flatten, to make flat : bi fi 8hy la, bi lat, bi Iha. Bad smell , stink (especially , a fishy smell ): anghlr. To flatten, to make flat , to level , to make level , to make fi 8t smooth, to smooth: bi lir. To clench one's fist: kpat. flatulence To clench one 's fist (plural ): Fart, flatulence: ktut. b i kpa t. To open (one's fist): bi mblang , flea: kdo asao. mblang . flesh fi t Muscle , flesh: k�eh . Fitting in size: man, nang . flexible: e:un. To fit (of garment ): lua. To make flexible: bi e:un. To make fi t: bi lua, bl man . To make fit in size : bi nang . 177

fl.irt To teach to fly (young bird , To flirt with (married person ): of old bird) : bi pring, pring. plah2. fo am To flirt with (married person ) Describes foaming or boiling (plural ): bi plah . of liquids : buk buk . fl.oa t adhul , dhul l. Floating: dung l. fo g: To float (in air, water ): bi fo Zd mdung , maungl. Broken (of long object), creased, folded: bi joh , joh. To make float : bi aung . T<: fold: bi klap, klap2, lap, fl.ood: � a lip. sap. Flooding, high (of water ): I i pl . To fold (plural): bi lap. To flood, to inundate : bi lip. To make (someone) fold some­ thing: bi sap. fZoor Bamboo floor support in trad­ fo Z Zow itional house: adrung. Aligned, following one another , in a line: bi du�. Floor in traditional house : t ria. To follow : hlue, tui . Floor , storey: ta I I. To fo llow �ferson, path� bridge , etc.): ktue . Underside of floor in traditional house: atur, tur. To follow (person, path, bridge , etc.) (plural ): bi ktu�. fl.our: kpung . To follow (plural ): b i tui . Rice flour: amldk. To follow in a column (of ants, soldiers): rue2, ru�2. fl.ow Describes manner of continuous To make follow : bi hlue, bi tu i. flowing or pouring: Cdchit. To make follow in a column : bi Describes manner of sporadic rue, bi ru�. flowing or pouring: ch it chit. fo l.l.owing fZower: mnga. De scribes manner of following constantly : rue rue . Banana flower , banana spathe: m'mong2, mongo fo ndZe Edible white flower of a kind To fondle : hduon. of small tree: mngu'i . To fo ndle (plural): bi hduon . Having many flowers: bi mnga . To let (kd someone) fondle Lotus flower : krih2. something: bi hduon . fl.ute: alng kl ia. fon tane l.: aun g2 .

food: �sei djam. fl.y A A Fly (insect): erue, rue. Food (except rice): djam . Horsefly: k�c kbao. fo ot To fly : ph I dr • Foot , leg: jdng . To fly (kite ): bi aang bi aung, Sole of foot: pia jdng . bi mdang, m4ang, mdung I Thin skin-like covering on To make fly : bi ph idr. bird's foot: �djaol. 178

foo tprint: gru. fo ur: pa . for fox : mja. For , of, to, toward: To do for: brei . fragrant Delicious, fragrant : &�o mngU'i . fo rbid To make delicious , to make To forbid, to tell not to do fragrant : bi &�o mngU'i . something: bi gha, gha. frame force Door or window frame in trad­ Energy , physical force, power : itional house made by cutting ai , a i tie. a lengthwise split in ale bam­ To force: bi &r�i h, bi b rU'h, boo and fitting it into the bi m&r�i h, bi mbr�h. edge of the tria mtih: abao2 • x To force (someone ): bl mgo, Frame of bicycle or motorcycle: mgox . khung. To force one's way through : tla. Wooden and rattan frame placed on elephant 's back for carrying To force oneself: &r�ih, br�h , loads : yong2• mlH�i h, mbr�h. To make (someone) force his way fr ee bi tla. Free, unoccufied, not busy: through something : enang2, hmao , wan. forehead: adhei, dhei. Free , without cost: mang2• foreman To make free, to make unoccu­ Foreman, leader of a work group : pied, to make not busy: bi wan . ka i2• free ly forest Describes manner of spending Forest (differs from dlie in money freely: srak srak. lacking dense undergrowth): kmrdng. Frenchman : Prang. Forest, jungle : d lie. frequency Describes an action's often­ forever ness or frequency: j�n j�n. Eternal , forever: hlong la lar, hlong lar, jok, la lar. fr equently To make eternal , to make last Doing frequently: mU'ng . forever : bi jok, bi la lar. Often , frequently (always used in sentence with nanao 'al­ fo rget ways '): tran. Describes one's staying a long time and forgetting the time : To make do something frequently : bro bro. bi mU'ng. To forget: wdr , wdr bft. Friday : hrue ema . To make forget: bi wdr , bi wdr bft. friend: B !n � , adam knai, dam knai , gap . fork: awak r�ng . friend ly Bifurcation , branching, forking: To be friendly , to get along k&ang . well together (hong with) : bi djo. formerly Formerly , long ago : &�m , &U'm frighten adlh, phun do. Startlin g and frightening: mrfm. 1 79

To disturb , to frighten away Tough pulp of eyan fruit which unintentionally: bi r� , r�. is used for scouring: edjao2• bi To make afraid, to frighten: fruitfuZ blao, bi hut. Fertile , fruitful , productive , To make afraid, to frighten, to prolific : yum. make worry: bi hy�t. Fruitful , producing much fruit: To make startling and fright­ mboh . bi mrTm. ening: To make fertile, to make fruit­ grua . ful , to make productive , to fr inge: make prolific : bi yum . frog: aj Tk, aj Tk adr i �k. To make fruitful , to make pro­ ductive: bi jing, bi mboh. Kind of frog having rough poison krak. skin: fry Kind of very small frog: ab i�kl . To fry : seh, khol . To fry ( plural ) : bi seh, bi fr om kho. Beginning, from, out of, since, ddng mdng , mdng. starting: frying pan: go seh. fro nt fuck Front part : &� , anap. To breed, to make fuck, to Front room of house: gahl. mate ( animals ) : bi drue, bi mdrue , md rue . In front of: ti anap. To fuck ( of animal) : drue. fruit: boh 1. To fuck ( of animal ) ( plural ) : Coconut fruit : boh sung . bi drue . Fruit ( generic) : boh kroh . To fuck ( of animal , human ) : su i . Fruitful , produc ing much fruit: mboh . To fuck ( of animal , human ) ( plural ) : bi sui. Gourd, squash fruit: boh giet. To fuck with vigorous thrusts Kind of fruit: boh k&n , boh of the pelvis: ksut. md�. To make fuck with vigorous Kind of fruit, edible when thrusts of the pelvis: bi ksut. young, whose pulp is used in washing dishes when mature : fu Zl: b 0, t rei . eyan. Describes manner of being com­ Kind of fruit, lychee (7): s�p. pletely full: klTI k9TI . Kind of large citrus fruit, Full ( of mo on ) : . pur. pomelo: boh krue dung . Overflowing or appearing full Kind of spiny fruit: m'mit. because of some ob struction: Lemon fruit: boh krue ��n . 51 u I. Lychee fruit : boh erang. To make full ( moon) : bi pur. Orange fruit: boh krue. To make overflow or appear full because of some obstruc­ Papaya fruit: boh tei hung . tion: bi slu! . Pumpkin fruit : boh plei . fu nera Z Star fruit: boh emhia. Burial, funeral, interment: Star fruit tree : ana emhia. k lei ddr . Tamarind fruit: boh eme . To attend the funeral wake of: cang . 180

To attend the funeral wake of To gather, to place together : ( plural ) : bi �ang . bi mbrt. fungus gecko Fungus , mildew , mo ld: hdoh . Gecko , house lizard: k�a.

Fungus, mushroom , toadstool : ge Latin m'mao. Kind of vinelike plant used in producing gelatin: hrue fur krong . Body hair, feather, fur : ml�ol. Stem of a kind of vinelike plant To be hairy, to have much body used in produc ing gelatin : hair, to have many feathers, to krong3• be furry, to ha ve much fur : bl ml�o. generous: kmah. furry Generou s ( plural ) : bi kmah. To be hairy , to have much body hair, to have many feathers , to geni taLs be furry , to have much fur : bi Female genitals ( slang) : mla o. arieng . future ge t Future marker: amra , sdr ang. To get, to take : ma o To make get som ething , to make take something: bi ma o

G get along To be friendly , to get along g well together (hong with) : bi A letter of the Rhade alphabet , djO. G: gd. To get along well together: gable: acuor. bi mguop . gall get up Bile , gall: Aa phT. To get up from lying position, to stand up : gu kga. Gall bladder : phT. To make get up , to make stand garbage up : bl kgu. Garb age , refuse, waste paper : djahl. ghost Gho st , spirit : ksdk, mt�o2. garden Ghosts, spirits, supernatural Vegetable garden: war djam. beings in general : ksdk mt�o. garlic: toi . gin Cotton gin: mtak. gasoline : ea . sang. ginger: eya. gate : Bang jang. Ginger plant , turmeric plant : phun eya. ga ther To collect , to gather up : bi girZ kaTn, kaTn. Girl , woman : mnie. To gather together : bi mkam, Term of endearment for young mkam. girl : bu. To gather together, to place Young girl: era . together : bi kl in, kl in. 181

girlfri end gnaw Mistress, secret girl friend : Describes manner of gnawing: piu mn i�. kro't kro't , krut krut. give go To bring, to give , to hand : ba. To drive , to make go (animal, vehicle , etc.): bi nao. To bring, to give , to hand (plu­ ral): bi ba . To go : nao. To contribute, to give , to hand: To go (plural ): b i nao. myo'r . To go for a walk : hiu ch�n, To donate , to give: jao. hiu hlap. To donate , to give (plural): bi To go hunting: hiu dli�. jao. To go , to walk : hiu. To give : brei . goaZ To give (a drink ) (ko' someone ): Goal , ob jective: brua , brua bi dju p. knua . To give (di sease) (ko' to some­ one): bi dje. go at: b� . To give (plural) : bi brei . Describes manner of crying of goat : mhe, mhe mhe. To �ive (used in commands only): bah • go d: a � d i �, a � d u, y a n 9 • To give , to hand : yo'r . go iter : biam. To give , to hand (plural): bi yo'r . go ld: mah . To make give something, to make To make gold: bi mah. hand something: bi yo'r . giving birth To bear down or strain in defe­ gonorrhea : kro'. cating or giving birth: aran, krun . good: jak, siam. To make bear down or strain in To make good, to improve : bi defecating or giving birth: bi jak, bi siam. aran, bi krun . go o8e: ara .

gourd gla88: ala krng, cai Gourd plant , squash plant : Cup, glass: kcok . hrue boh gi�t, hrue gi�t. Gourd , squash fruit: boh gi�t. glide bi lie. To make gl ide : gradually Describes manner of losing gliding something gradually piece by Gliding (of bird in air, fish piece: s rSc s rSc , s rlt s rlt. in water): lie. granary glue Granary, small storage house Glue , paste : �a elrt. for rice: hj i�. To attach with glue , to stick (something) on: el irl, bi el ir, grandahi ld b i me I i r, me I i r . Grandchild, one's grandchild's husband, one's grandchild's gnat: tuk mrui . wife : cS1• 182

Great-grandchild, one 's great­ great-great grandchild's hus­ grandchild's husband , one's band , one 's great-great-grand­ great grandchild's wife : ceo child 's wife: kre. Great-great-grandchild, one's great-grea t-great-grandchil.d great-great-grandchild 's husband, Great -great -great-grandchild, one's great-great-grandchild 's one's great-great-great-grand­ wife: kre. child's husband, one 's great­ Great -great-great-grandchild, great-great-grandchild's wife : one's great-great-great-grand­ k r ue 1 • child's husband, one 's great­ great-great -grandchild's wife: great-uncl.e : aprong, aprong ekei . k r ue 1. greedy grandfa ther: ae . G�eedy , selfish: khi c, kl ih, ra . grandmo ther: adudn, ya1• Greedy , selfish (plural): bi Grandmother (girl 's speech): ada1• k Ii h. To make greedy , to make selfish: grasp bi kl ih, bi ra. To claw, to gras� tightly in kcao. one's fingers : green To claw, to grasp tightly in Green, unripe : mtahl . one's fingers (plural ): bi kcao. To make green, to make unripe: To grasp and pull oneself up bi mtah . on a turning bar, tree branch, etc .: yudt. greet To greet : bi mdrong, drdng, To grasp and pull oneself up k'kuh , mdrdng . on a turning bar , tree branch , etc . (plural ): bi yudt. To greet (plural): bi drong, bi k'kuh . To grasp in one's hand or fist: kpat. T� �reet , to meet, to wait for : ka p . To make (someone) grasp and pull himself up on a turning bar , To greet , to meet, to wait for tree branch, etc.: bi yudt. (plural ): b i kap . To make greet someone : bi k'kuh . grass Grass, plant (shorter than grinning about three feet): rdk . Desc ribes manner of grinning , Kind of grass: tung . smiling: to'hik. grasshopper : ktudp. groin: kuang.

Kind of grasshopper: yin. groom To beautify, to groom, to make grave : msa t. pretty , to make handsome : bi k&at. gravel.: ega. ground: Ian. great-aunt: aprong, aprong mn ie. group : alu, phung . great- grandchil.d Great-grandchild , one 's great­ To group together, to place grandchild's husband, one 's together: bi alu. great-grandchild's wife: ce o grow great-great-grandchil.d Describes m�nner of a plant 's Great-great-grandchild, one 's healthy growing: co'c fr. 183

Growing naturally , not planted, guHy volunteer (of plant ): cong cat . Ditch, gully, space between Growing, grown : cat. two mountains : troh2• To make grow : bi cat. gum To make grow together (bananas , Gum (body part ): hili . toes, etc.): bi mtir. gun: phao. growl A kind of large gun: To growl (of cat, dog, tiger, grang. etc.): gr�n. Carbine gun : kar bin. To growl (of cat , dog� tiger, etc .) (plural ): bi gren. Describes manner of gun's firing once in the distance: phong . To growl (of deer, lion, tiger, pap. Describes manner of gun's firing etc.): repeatedly in the distance : To make growl : bi gr�n. phong phong . To make growl (deer, lion, Describes manner of gun or tiger, etc.): bi pap . cannon 's firing once: phing. grown Describes manner of gun or cat. cannon 's firing repeatedly: Growing , grown : ph ing phing. Grown together (of bananas , toes, mtir. Describes manner of gun's etc.): firing once : phang . growth Describes manner of gun's Kind of growth or tumor on nose: firing repeatedly : phang phang. t8ng . Firearm, gun (generic , inclu­ ding from pi stol up to cannon): guard : kia kri�. phao ktuang. To guard: gak. Mortar gun: mukt ie. To guard (plural ): bi gak. Revolver gun : rdWolwer. guess To gues s: "ao . To cock (crossbow , gun): a�c , sa k. To guess (plural): bi "ao . To cock (crossbow, gun) (plu­ To make guess: bi meao, meao. ral): b i a�c . guest: tu�. To make (someone) cock a cross­ bow or gun : bi sak. guide To accompany, to escort , to guide: atat. To accompany, to escort, to H guide (plural): bi atat. h To give directions to, to guide : A letter of the Rhade alphabet, bi bTt. H: hd.

To guide, to lead (kd someone ): haggle ba �Ian, bl �Ian. To bargain, to haggle: mj ua2 • To guide , to support (child learning to walk) : bi cung , bi hail: pi i dr . mcung , bi tit, cung , mcung , tit, til. hair: auk. To gui de , to support (child Body hair, feather, fur : ml�o l . learning to walk) (plural ): bi til. 184

Hair clasp, hairpin: kep. To make give something, to Messy, uncombed, unkempt ( of make hand something: bi yo'r . hair) : kri. To raise ( one 's hand) : bi yo'r , To be hairy , to have much body yo'r . hair, to have many feathers , to be furry , to have much fur : bi handLe mlao. Bent portion of bamboo sickle handle: gu kga. To make ( someone) wash his hair: bi ccS . Handle of knife , axe , sword, etc.: gra nl• To make messy ( hair ) : bi kri . To make a handle for ( axe , To style ( hair ) into a chignon: knife , sword, etc . ) : bi gran, bi k9Uk, k9Uk. bi mgran , mg ran. To wash ( ��ir, or in Rhade , ko , head' ) : co. handsome Pretty, handsome ( of human ) : To wash ( someone else's hair) : k9at . b i ccS. To beautify, to groom, to make pretty , to make handsome : bi hairpin Hair clasp, hairpin: kep . k9at. To dress ( a male ) well in order hairy that he look handsome and young: Hairy ( of body , not of scalp) : bi dam, bi �dam. so'b ram. To be hairy, to have much body hang hair, to have many feathers, to To hang : yucSl . be furry , to have much fur : bi To hang ( plural ) : bi yuol . mla o. To hang on a hook: k9ak. haLf: mkrah. To hang on a hook ( plural ) : bi k9ak. To break in half: eak. To break in half ( plural ) : bi happUy eak. To talk happily : bi ch�c, bi ch�n, ch�c, ch�n. hammer: kmut. happy hammock Cheerful , happy : mo'ak. �jao. Hammock, swing: Happy , not angry : enang1• hand: kngan. To make cheerful , to make happy: b i mo'ak. Hand of bananas : ksi r. To make happy, to pacify: bi Line on palm of hand : gru. enang . Palm of hand: pIa kngan. To bring, to give , to hand: ba. happy-go -Lucky ( Excessively carefree , not To brin) g , to give , to hand plu­ serious , happy-go-lucky : mldng. ral : bi ba. To make excessively carefree, To give, to hand : yo'r . to make not serious , to make happy-go-lucky : bi mldng. To give , to hand ( plural ) : bl yo'r . hard To hand ( something ) up (ko' to) : Difficult, hard: dleh. 4up2, bi eup, bi meup, meup2. Hard, packed ( of soil, path, To make ( someone) raise his etc . ) : tlar. hand: b i yo'r . 185

Hard, strong: khang1 • have To have : mao. To harden, to make hard, to make strong, to strengthen : bi khang. To have in reserve , to have on hand : bi mgdng, mgdng. To harden, to make hard, to pack (soil , path , etc.): bi tlar. To have to have , must have : bi mao . Very hard heartwood of tree: s a r, t ao. have to To have to have , must have: bi hard-working Diligent , hard-working , indus­ trious: kreh, kriang, taih2• To have to receive , must re­ ceive : bi mao rna . To make diligent , to make hard­ working , to make industrious : he bi kreh, bi kriang. He , she, it: nu. To make hard-working, to make persevere: bi ta ih. head: a ka , ka1• Crown of head: wien. harden To harden, to make hard, to Forehead: adhei , dhei . make strong, to strengthen: bi Lower part of back of head: khang . tlang tl u t. To harden, to make hard, to To bend (one's back) , to bow pack (soil , path , etc.): bi tlar. (one's head) : k'kui . hare-Zipped: �a h k�ue. To bend (one's back) , to bow (one's head) (plural ): bi k'kui . harvest To carry on one's head: angum. To harvest (rice ) by cutting the stalk : wia. To hit (ball ) with one's head in playing soccer : tul. To harvest (rice) by cutting the stalk (plural) : bi wia. To make (some one) carry on his head : bi angum. To harvest (rice) by stripping the grains from the stalk: To make (someone ) hit the ball apuot. with his head in play ing soccer: b i tu 1. To harvest (rice) by stripping the grains from the stalk (plu­ To place on one's head: e u a 2, ral): b i a puo t . b i tlua .

To make harvest rice by cutting headband the stalk: bi wia. Kind of black headband worn on certain occasions : k�n. hasten To hasten, to make hurry, to headsear!: chiam djh�k. make rush : bi djal . To make fast , to hasten: bi hea Z hmar . Healed, recovered, well: hlao. To heal , to make recover , to hat: tluon. console : bi hlao. hate healthy To dislike , to hate : djik djak. Energetic , healthy , powerful , To dislike , to hate (plural ): strong, vigorous : m�ai. bi dj ik djak. Fine, healthy: suaih. hating To make energetic , to make Describes manner of hating, of healthy , to make powerful , to disliking : dj ik djak. 186

make strong, to strengthen, to height: awan2• make vigorous : bi mdal . bi suaih. hel.p To make healthy: To cry for help (kd to): kw�h . hlak ai . Young and healthy: To help: eru. hear To help (plural): bi eru, bi Having very acute hearing: meru. �bang . To help give birth, to help To hear , to listen to: hm�. deliver: bi k'ki�ng . To hear, to listen to (archaic): To help step , to help walk: mhCf. bi chuang . To hear , to listen to (archaic) To help step , to help walk, to (plural ): bi mhCf. make step , to make walk: bi mchuang, mChuang . To hear, to listen to (fast mh�. speech): he l.per: ai. To hear, to listen to (fast speech) (plural ): bi mhii. hem Cuff, edge, hem, border (of To hear, to listen to (plural ): knhal . b i hmii. anything): To make hear well : bi �bang. herd To drive , to herd (animal ): bi heart: kboh. wi�ng , wi�ng . Edible heart of banana trunk : nah anei , ti nei. gu mtei. here : Edible heart of wild banana hey : h� , hei. trunk : gu ju�. hiaaough heartwood To hiccough: tCfk mnao. Very hard heartwood of tree : To make (someone) hiccough: sar, tao. bl tCfk mnao. hearty hide Firm, strong, not easily broken, To hide (one's face ): kUp. hearty , not easily killed: rCfng2• To hide one 's face: kUp. To make firm, to make hearty, To make (someone) hide his to make strong, to strengthen: face: bi kUp. bi rCfng. high : ."ang . heat Flooding, high (of water ): I i pl . Heated, hot : hang2• To make (someone ) place some­ To heat , to warm , by exposing thing in a high place : bl trang , to heat source : bi hang . bi t r�ng . To heat, to warm , by exposing To make high , to raise: bi to heat source or by covering eang, bi m"ang . with blanket , etc.: bi kduh. To place in a high place: heavy: ktro. trang , tr�ng. Slow and heavy : ktro mlo. To shoot high, to throw high : bi ch�r , bi mCh�r , mch�r . To make heavy , to weigh down: b i ktro. Too high, above the target (of bullet, arrow , or something hee l.: k"ul. thrown ): chllr . 187 hi ll: kngll. To make (someone) hit the ball with his head in playing soccer : hip: kdi eng . b i tu I . To make (someone) hit the ball hire with one side of his head in To hire (person, taxi , etc.): bi angiah. mlln . playing soccer : To hire (person, taxi , etc.) To make (something) hit (hong bi mlln. something), to aim (something) (plural) : (hong at ): bi mdjo, mdjo. hi t To make beat , to make hit with Describes manner of cutting or a broom, stick , etc.: bi prah. khak khak , khek khek , hitting: To make hit (usually with an khok khok . implement): b i teh. Describes manner of hitting a kdng. To make hit something, to make hard object : slap something: bi plat. Describes manner of hitting a To make hit , to make slap : bi small object: tlok tlok. pah . Describes manner of hitting an ayll. object in order to knock some­ To threaten to hit : thing out of it : tluk tluk. To threaten to hit (plural ): b i ayll. To beat, to hit : poh . To beat , to hit (plural ): bi hoarse : broh sok . poh. Describes manner of speaking To beat , to hit with a broom , hoarsely : ere ere. stick, etc.: b i prah, prah . To make hoarse: bi broh sok . To hit: bi djo, cam. hoe : wang . To hit (ball) with one's head in playing soccer : tul . Kind of narrow-bladed hoe: wang wit. To hit (ball ) with the side of one 's head in playing soccer: Kind of wide-bladed hoe: kuok, angiah. wang kuok . To hit (plural ): bi Cam. To cut off (plant ) with a hoe: coh. To hit (two objec ts) together: b i poh . To cut off (plant ) with a hoe (plural ): bi coho To hit (usually with an imple­ ment): teh . To hoe: j i k, t I an 9 • To hit on target , to hit true : To make (someone) hoe: bi jik, djo 1 . bi tlang.

To hit with a large ob ject : hoZd kn ua 1. To carry in one 's mouth, to To hit with a large ob ject (plu­ hold in one 's mouth: kgong. ral): bi knua . To carry in one 's mouth, to To hit with an implement : bi hold in one's mouth (plural) : tong , tong. bi kgong . To hit with one 's elbow : neh . To carry , to hold: dja. To hit with one's elbow (plu­ To carry, to hold (ball ) (in ral): bi neh . ballgame ): bi pl�c, pl�C2 . To hit, to slap : pah1, plat. To hold (one 's neck) at an angle : nge . To hit, to slap (plural ): bi pa h, b i p I at. To hold (one's or someone else 's neck) at an angle: bi nge . 188

To hold on: kual. preparation for peeling: bi �ir, cir, kci r. To hold on (plural ): bi kual . To bore a hole in (skin of To hold on to : dja. fruit) with one 's fingernail To hold on to tightly, to sup­ in preparation for peeling port firmly (someone , something): (plural): bi kcir. dja kual . To bore a hole in with a pointed To hold on to while walking: o b j e c t: eoh, C a 0, til. ring. To bore a hole in with a pointed To hold on to , to support (some­ object (plural): bi eoh, bi cao. one, something): dja kdng, dja To bore a hole in , to drill krdn g . with a drill tool: ktar. To hold on to , to support (some­ To bore a hole in, to dr ill one , something ) (plural ): bi with a drill tool (plural) : bi dja krdng. k tar. To hold one 's breath and tense To bore a hole in, to make a one 's chest muscles : aran. depression in (fallen tree) : To hold over a fire : bi kh�ng . klok. kh�ng . To bore a hole in, to make a To hold steady, to hold still: dep�ession in (fallen tree) bi krdng , krdng . (plural): b i k 10k. To hold tightly , to support one­ To make bore a hole with a self firmly (ti on someone , pointed object: bi til. something): dja kual . hollow To hold tightly, to support one­ To hollow out (log for canoe): self firmly (ti on someone , cSng. something) (plural ): bi dja kual . To hollow out (log for canoe ) (plural ): bi cSng. To hold, to lift : pu. To hold, to support oneself (ti home on someone , something): bi dja To go home , to return : Wit. krdng , dja kdng . homeland To hold, to support oneself (ti Country , homeland: car. on someone, something) (plural ): bi dja kdng. honest: kIa, kpa. To make carry something, to To make honest : bi kIa, bi kpa . make hold something : bi dja. To make hold on : bl dja, bi honestly kual . Honestly , truthfully : bi kIa, bl kpa. To make hold on while walking: b i ring. honey: .sa hnu.s . To make hold something , to make Kind of small bee which pro­ lift something : bl pu. duces honey: k'kS. ho le: eang , elung . hood Hole dug out of fallen tree for Hood of motor vehicle: aka collecting rain water : 10k. .sdeh.

To bore a hole in : bl &ang, bi hoof: kcuop. elung. To bore a hole in (skin of hook fruit) with one's fingernail in Caught, hooked: kwak 1• 189

To hang on a hook : k�ak . lengthwise split in ale bamboo To hang on a hook ( plural ) : bi and fitting it onto the edge k�ak . of the tria mt ih: aba02• To hook: bi kwak, bi tuak , tuak , Floor in traditional house : wak 1. t ria. To hook plural : bi wak. Interior wall separating ok ( ) an ah in traditional house: � � hop kgan . To hop : k t I lit. Large kram bamboo resting on To hop plural ) : bi ktlllt. and extending the length of ( tria alon g the base of each in­ To make hop : bi ktlllt. side wall in traditional house. Holes are dr illed along the hope upper surface of the mbong sang To hope , to wish: bi hmang , at regular intervals and gong hmang, hmang hmlli , hmlli . mtih ar e inserted into it : mb8ng sang . horn : k I k i . Long split ale bamb oo on in­ Describes manner of sounding a side of traditional house vehicle horn: pip pip, pit pit. parallel to each gdng mt ih: Desc ribes manner of sounding a gie kpl. vehicle horn once: ke k , kik. Long wooden beam connecting Describes manner of sounding a the top of house posts along vehicle horn repeatedly: kek each side of the traditional kek, kik kik. house: yong 1 . Describes manner of sounding Porch , floor-level platform at vehicle horn : pet pe t. front of traditional house : adring . horne t Rear room of house : ok. Bumblebee, hornet , large wasp: hong. Small house : pllk. Space under house: krum . horse: aseh . Underside of floor in tradi­ horsefly : k&� kbao. tional house : atur. tur. Upright wooden beam supported hospital: sang ea drao. by the eda ( or in older houses, the 4e ) and supporting the hot: ko'uh . acuor , in traditional house: Heated, hot : hang2 . gdng mbung. Hot of weather : m4ia. Vertical wall posts of ale ( ) bamboo inserted into holes Hot or spicy and bitter ( of drilled in the mbong sang and eggplant , certain wild fruits, tied at the top to the roc , in et c . ): ho'r1 • traditional house : gdng mtih. Hot , spicy: hang . Walling made of long lengths To make hot , to make spicy: bi of split and flattened drao hang . bamboo in traditional house. The tria mtih are tied to and hour: m I mong 1. supported between the gdng m t i h an d the 9 i e k p r: t ria house: sang. mtih. Bamboo floor support in tradi­ Wooden beam connecting house tional house: adrung . posts at floor level along each side of traditional house. Door or window frame in tradi­ �gap is supported by the ae tional house made by �utting a 190

and supports the adrung: egapl. hungry : epa1 , � epa . Wooden beam connecting the top Hungry (plural ): bi � epa . of opposite house posts and supporting and holding secure To make hungry : bi epa . the y8ng in traditional house: To make hungry by not supply­ eda . ing food: bi � epa. Wooden beam supported by and at right angle to kal and support­ hunt ing bamboo upon which thatch is Lucky , successful (at hunting placed, in traditional house: or fishing) : egap2. r8e. To go hunting: hiu dlie. Wooden beam supported by and at To make lucky at hunting or right angle to the ana acu8r fishing, to make successful at y8ng in traditional house: kal 3 hunting or fishing: bi egap. Wooden crossbeam connecting opposite house posts at floor hunting blind level in traditional house : ae . Hunting blind, camouflage: egap2. how How (as in 'how big?'): sdl , hurl- sd lei . To hurl , to throw : bhlr, hblr, hraa, we . How much? , how many? : dum lei . To hurl , to throw (long ob­ sO'ngl . how about ject): How about (as in 'How about To hurl , to throw (plural ): that book? '): bil. bi bhlr, bi hblr, bi hraa, bi How about now? : bi ejai anei? we. How about then? : bi ejai anan? To make hurl , to make throw a long object: b i sO'ng. howl- To cry (of eagle ), to howl (of hurry dog): aIeL To hasten , to make hurry, to make rush : bi djal . To howl (of dog): al iu. To make (eagle) cry, to make hurt (dog) howl : bi al�. Describes manner of hurting , of being painful : al aI, kh ik kh i k. hug To embrace, to hug: kmiek. Hurting, painful : rua . To embrace, to hug (plural ): bi To hurt : bi rua . km iek. To make embrace someone, to husband : ung . make hug someone: bi kmiek. husk akam2 . hum Rice husk: To hum: ksdi h2. To husk (corn): hak. To make hum : bi kSdi h. To husk (corn) (plural ): bi hak. emit mut. humble: To husk (rice), to shell (nut , eip, ke lp. hump seed, etc.): H�mp on back of bull: amur, To husk (rice), to shell (nut , mur. seed, etc.) (plural ): bi eip, bi ke i p. etuh. hundred: To pound (rice) to remove the husk: tapl. 1 91

To pound (rice) to remove the immerse husk (plural ): b i tap. To immerse , to submerge : bi nu, mnu. husked Husked rice: braih. immunise To immunise, to vaccinate: Husked, shelled: kci p. k�eh . hydrant To immunise , to vaccinate (plu­ Fire hydrant: gdng ea . ral): bi k�eh . hypocritical impera tive Hypocritical qualities: ai ngam . Do not , don 't, negative im per­ ative: 4am ... oh . Particle indicative imperative : be.

imposing i Imposing , impressive, intimi­ A letter of the Rhade alphabet , dating: kdram. I: i 1 • I, me : kao . impossib Ze To be impossible (kd for) (plu­ ral) : bi rdng . A letter of the Rhade alphabet, I: r 1 . impres8ive Able , impressive, self-confi­ ice : ea e:at. dent , well-qualified: knam . Imposing, impressive, intimi­ ice cream dating: kd ram. Ice cream bar: krem. To enhance , to make impressive : identification bi kdram. Identification card: kak. To make able, to make impres­ sive , to make self-confi d ent , if to make well-qualified: bi knam . If, when: td dah . If, whether: hur2 • imprison To place in a cage or enclosure, image to jail, to imprison : krd, krii. Image , picture : rup . To place in a cage or enclosure , to jail , to imprison (plural ): imagine b i krd, b i krii. To dream about , to imagine , to see in one's mind: bi �uh . improve To make good, to improve : bi imitate jak, bi siam. To copy , to imitate!' tui . To make copy something, to make in imitate som eone: bi tui . At , in: ti. In, inside, into: hlam. immature Immature , young (of fruit ): in-law adie2• Brother-in-law : one's younger sister 's husband: ie ekei . immediate : djal . Brother-in-law : one 's younger immediately sister's husband , sister-in-law: At once , immediately: mtam, one's younger sister's husband: mtam . i e. 192

Daughter-in-law : mtao mn ie. Indefinite, vague (plural ): bi am lI. Daughter-in-l aw, son-in-law : mtaol• index Father-in-law , mo ther-in-law: Index finger : kd ieng ktrao . kmha . indi go Older brother , one 's child-in­ Dye made from indigo plant : law's father (older), cousin: krum. one's mother's sister's son (older), one's father 's brother 's Indigo plant : ana krum, phun son: ayong . krum.

Older sister, one 's child-in­ induce law's mother (older), cousin: To induce (someone , something) 0ne 's mother 's daughter (older), to do something (hong by means one's father 's brother 's daugh­ of) : a I lin , b i a I LIn • ter (older ): amai . Sister-in-law : one 's younger indus trious brother' s wi fe : i e mn i e. Diligent , hard-working, indus­ trious: kreh , kriang , taih2• Son-in-law: mtao ekei . To make diligent , to make hard­ Younger brother, younger sister, wo rking, to make industrious: one's child-in-law 's parent bi kreh , bi kriang. (younger), cousin: one 's mother 's adei sister's child (younger ): inexpensive Cheap, inexpensive: enu'i h. incl.ine Crooked, inclined , sloping: To make cheap, to make inex­ ah lng , kl ing. pensive : bi enlli h. kngll. Inclined, steep: infant -2 "'2 To incline, to make steep: bi Baby , infant : e ,. I • kngll. infec ted To make crooked, to incline , to To become infected : ur. slope: bi ahlng, bi kl ing, bi mahlng, mehlng . To make become infected : bi ur.

increase infection: kthiat. To add more of, to increase : Having many infections: bi them. kthiat. To add more of, to increase (plural): bi them . inflate To inflate: thut. To add, to increase, to make bigger : bi mbe, bi mbo , mbe, To make inflate something: bi mbo. thut.

To increase : el, bi ar. insane : kho2 • To increase, to make numerous : To make insane : bi kho. b i I u. insect incubate Kind of green insect: pi ing. To incubate , to sit on (egg) : kram. Kind of hard-shelled insect such as beetle: se. To make incubate , to make (bird) sit on its eggs: bi kram. Kind of insect : yeo Kind of insect which comes out indefinite of termite hills during rainy Indefinite, vague : am lI. season : klap. 193

Kind of wood-boring winged in­ To insult , to offend (plural ): sect: klloh . bi dlao , bi dlao wac. insert interchange To insert : bi hro, bi jho, hro, Interchanged , mixed up : kluk. jho. To be interchanged, to get To insert something into (hole , mi xed up : chu. pipe , etc.) in order to unclog ksoh . To interchange, to mix up : bi it or drive out an animal : chu, bi kl uk, bi luk, bi luk, To insert something into (hole, bi mchu, luk, mchu. pipe , etc .) in order to unclog it or drive out an animal (plu­ interment ral): bi ksoh . Burial , funeral , interment : To insert , to make enter: bi k lei ddr . mut. internode To insert , to place inside: b i Internode section of bamboo: nu, m n u. awan l. To insert , to plug: � ut . interrogative To insert , to plug (plural ) : b i Particle indicating interroga­ cut. tive : yd. inside : hlam lam. intestine : proc . In, ins i de , into : h I am . Bitter liquid from small in­ To insert , to place inside : bi testine of cow, pig, water nu, mnu. buffalo , etc.: wec o Large intestine : proc khua . insinua te To say one thing but insinuate Small intestine: proc mda . something else: blu bi hm�. in timida ting instance Imposing, impressive , intimi­ Instance , time (as in 'how many dating: kd ram . b i�, ta ll. time s?'): l into In, inside , into : hlam. instrument Kind of bamboo musical instru­ inunda te ment : gong. To flood, to inundate: bi lip. Musical instrument : 4fng adriek. invi te Musical instrume nt made from To invite: jak. bamboo and squash: bru2 • Musical instrument made from To invite (plural ): bi jak. squash and bamboo, similar to msei . Lao khan: 4fng nam. iron : Musical instrument made from irri tab te squash and one bamboo or buffalo Angry , irritable : kr�nl . horn: 4fng tak ta o An�ry , irritable (plural) : bi kren . insufficient To be insufficient , to be lack­ irri tate ing: k&ah . Irritated (of eye ) by onion , To make insufficient : bi kllah. smoke , etc .: kh u. To irritate (eyes): bi trS. insutt To insult, to offend: dlao, dlao wac. 194

irritating Jarai Irritating to the eyes (of Member of the Jarai tribe : onion, smoke , etc.): tr8. J ra i .

is jaw : kham. . 1• Is it .. ? : gd Jaw , jawbone : kang. island Jaws (of insect): griang . Large island : pla o 1 • kbut . jealous Small island : Envious , jealous: keh2 , trih. it Envious , jealous (plural): bi He , she , it : i'iu. keh .

itah jerk To make itch: bi ktal . To jerk , to pull suddenly : bi To make itch over large area of kdjak, kdjak , kplak. body : bi msao. To jerk, to pull suddenly (plural ): bi kplak. itahy : ktal . Jew 's harp Itchy (over large area of body): To make play a Jew's harp: bi msao. ta h. ivory To play (Jew's harp): tah . Elephant tusk, ivory : mla. jinx In traditional belief, jinxed or condemned to misfortune by J undesirable action of another person : kwak . j To jinx (someone) by one's A letter of the Rhade alphabet, undesirable actions : bi kwak. J: j 0'. job jaak Job , position, work : brua, Auto jack : krfkl . brua knua.

jail. join To place in a cage or enclosure, To join together : bi mdue, to jail, to imprison: krd, kr�. mdue . c To pla e in a cage or enclosure, To join together , to place to­ to jail , to imprison (plural): gether (hong with) : bi mguAp, b i k rd, b i k r �. mguAp . Ja nuary : mlan sa . To join together , to weld: bl mko, mko . Japanese: kh�c 18. joke jar To joke (hong with) : bi chul, Earthen water jar: thung . bl mchul, chul , mChul. Fancy water jar or cooking pot: mlan kj uh . go �jjng. Ju ly: Kind of small jar: abu. jump Describes manner of a fish's Kind of tall thin jar: abuat. jumping or snapping at bait: Small fancy water jar or cooking chop . pot : go �e. Describes manner of a person's jumping into water : ph i. 1 95

Describes manner of several per­ kind: �mi t, �nangl. sons ' jumping into water: ph i ph i . Kind, sort, type : mta1 • To jump : t I o't , t lilt. To make kind: bi �mi t. To jump down from a high place: king: mtao . kdao. tlo't, tlllt. kiss To jump over: To kiss: cum. kdat. To jump , to pole vault : To kiss (plural ): bi cum. bi tlo't , bi tlllt. To make jump : To make kiss someone: bi cum, To make jump down from a high bi' meum, meum . place: bi kdao . sang pu i . To make jump, to make pole vault : kitahen: bi kdat. kite : hla2• June : mlan nam. To fly ( kit e ): b i san g, b i sung, bi msang, msang, msung 1 • jungZe Dense overhead vegetation in knee: ko'u t. jungle : pum. knife : dhong . Forest , jungle : d I i �. Kind of long knife having a just small handle : dhong kUp . To have just m ra o . Kind of short knife : dhong kut . Long knife for fighting, sword: eao . K kni t k To knit : sa. A letter of the Rhade alphabet , To knit (plural ) : b i sa . K: ko'l . To make knit: b i sa . keep To keep, to save : bi mkap, bi knock mkuom , mkapl, mkuom , pioh. To knock down (fruit ) with a pole : keut, prah. To keep, to save (plural): bi pioh. To knock down (fruit) with a pole (plural ): bi kcut. To make (someone) knock down fruit with a pole: bi prah . kiak To kick: �lIng. kno t To kick (plural ): bi cling . Knot in str ing or cord: atut . To kick gently aside: eah. Knot in wood: atut . To kick gently aside (plural): To grow a new node , to grow a b i cah. new knot: bi atut. ki lZ knot.} Firm , strong, not easily broken , To inform (ko' someone) about , hearty, not easily killed: to let (ko' someone) know about , rang 2. to tell (ko' someone ) about : bi thao. To kill: bi dj i�. bi mdj i�, bi tui�, mdj i�. To know: thao . 196

To know the location of: bft. �aBt After , behind, last, later: To let someone know something, ede i . to tell : b i mth�o , mth�o. De scribes manner of being Koho behind or last, or trailing: Member of the Koho tribe: Kh02 • dj hS djhS. Ertd , last part : knhal tuic.

late L The late: ayang. !o �elay, to make late : bi A letter of the Rhade alphabet , ede I. L: 10'. To make stay up late: bi krong. �abourer To stay up late: krong1 • Labourer, worker: kl i. �a ter �a()king � ft r, behind , last , later: To be insufficient , to be lack­ ede 7I. ing: kllah . laugh �ad�e: awak boh . Describes manner of children 's laughing: riak riak. �ake: enao. To laugh (ko' at) : tlao. �amp: keen . To laugh with changing tones : tlao khllk. Lamp chimney: wer . To make laugh : bi tlao. �and To make laugh with changing Land cleared for cultivation : tones: bi tlao khllk . enahl . law Regulation, law , custom: klei bhian. lap To lap up: cuk. Traditional Rhade law: klei bi due. To lap up ( plural ) : b i cuk. To lap up , to lick : hI i a. �ay To lay : bi lI,ih. To make lap up something, to make lick something: bi hI ia. To lay many eggs : mboh . To lay out ( rope , string, etc . ) large in a certain po sition: bi drung , Big, large : prong . bi mdrung , md rung. To make big, to make large: bi To lay, to make lie down : bi p ron 9 • mei h, m4ih.

�aB8o To lay , to place: luil. Leather lasso mounted on a long To lay , to place ( plural ) : bi stick for catching animals : lui. j ua n 9 . �ayer To catch with a rope attached )( to a bamboo, to lasso: gue , gue . Layer , level, thickness: tall. To catch with a rope attached lazy : alah. plural : to a �amboo, to)( lasso ( ) b i gue , b i gue . Lazy person: thS alah. To make lazy: bi alah. 1 97

lead left To guide , to lead (kd someone) : Left (side): &Iao. ba elan, bl elan. To be left -handed, to use leader one's left hand: bl malao, Foreman , leader of a work group : me lao. ka 1 2 . left -handed To be left-handed, to use leaf: h I a 1 • on7 : s left hand: bl malao, Betel leaf: ehang. malao. Leaf not yet uncurled: akuot . leg boh tlh. leafless Calf of leg: Bare � leafless: prdt . Foot , leg: .jetng . To make bare, to make leafless: To draw up (one's legs): k�un 3. b I p rdt . To draw up (one 's or someone's leak legs): bl kcun. Leaking: Bro� . To put on, to wear around one's Tight , not leaking: sir. arm or leg: buhl. To leak: sir. To put on, to wear around one 's arm or leg, to put on someone To make leak: bl hl uh. else 's arm or leg: bl buh . To make tight, to make not leak : b I sir. lemon Lemon fruit: boh krue c�n . lean Lemon tree : ana boh krue ��n , Lean (not fat): bl kaeh, kaeh . ana krue ��n . To bank, to lean: bl I la, Ila. lengthen To lean : bi dtlh, bl kna, bl To extend, to lengthen, to m d tlh , d lIhl, k n a, k nan g, m d lIh • make long: bl dlong . To lean (kd on, toward): bl kl rng trng, kl rng trng. leopard: emong br�c. To lean (something) (tl on): leprosy: phung . bl knang . less learn To decrease, to make less: bl To learn : hrl am. Bla. leave l.et To le ave alone: bl hjan . Let ( as in 'Let us ...' ) : bet. To leave behind: lull. le tter To leave behind (plural): bl A letter of the Rhade alphabet, I u I. A: a. To leave undisturbed, to leave � letter of the Rhade alphabet , untouched, to leave virginal : A: a. bl hrong. A letter of the Rhade alphabet , bd. leaves B: Branches and leaves of plant A letter of the Rhade alphabet , (as opposed to phun): Brong . 10: ed. leech: etah . A letter of the Rhade alphabet , C: cdl . Kind of very small leech: tlan. A letter of the Rhade alphabet , Land leech : pl um. D: dd. 198

A letter of the Rhade alphabet, A letter of the Rhade alphabet , J;l: ad2 • S: sd. A letter of the Rhade alphabet , A letter of the Rhade alphabet , DJ: djd. T: td1 • A letter of the Rhade alphabet, A letter of the Rhade alphabet, E: e. U: u. � letter of the Rhade alphabet , A letter of the Rhade alphabet, E: e- 1 . 0: u. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, A letter of the Rhade alphabet , �: � . tf: 1I1• A letter of the Rhade alphabet, A letter of the Rhade alphabet, f: e" 1 . 0: jjl • A letter of the Rhade alphabet , A letter of the Rhade alphabet , G: gd. W: wd. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, A letter of the Rhade alphabet , H: hd. Y: yd. A alphabet , Letter of alphabet : hra . letter. of the Rhade I: I 1 • Lett er , written message: hra. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, f: "I 1 . Lettuae: sa I at. A letter of the Rhade alphabet , Lettuce plant : phun salat. J: jd. LeveL A letter of the Rhade alphabet , Flat , level of land, sand , kd1 • ( K: etc . ) : da p. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, Flat , level , smooth: I i r 1 • L: Id. Layer , level , thickness: t a I 1. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, M: md. To flatten, to level ( land, sand, etc. : b i dap. A letter of the Rhade alphabet , ) N: nd. To flatten , to level, to make flat : b i k I i a, k I i a. A letter of the Rhade alphabet , N: iid. To flatten, to make flat , to level, to make level , to make A letter of the Rhade alphabet, smooth, to smooth: b i I i r. NG: ngd. To level land : cuk. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, ( ) 0: o. To level ( rou h surface ) with a knife: krah� • A letter of the Rhade alphabet, 15: o. To level ( rough surfac e) with a knife plural : b i krah. A letter of the Rhade alphabet , ( ) 0: o. To level ( soil ) : b i kl T, kl L A letter of the Rhade alphabet, To place something under the " 5: o 1 . leg( s ) of in order to make level or steady : au'l• A letter of the Rhade alphabet , cJ: d1• To place something under the leg( s ) of in order to make level A letter of the Rhade alphabet , or steady plural : bi alii . �: d- 1 . ( ) To use ( tractor) to clear or A letter of the Rhade alphabet , level land or to dig or to ex- P: pd. cavate: b i cUk. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, R: rd. 199

�evel' To make lie down (quadrupeds To move with a lever : k�l . exc ept elephants): bi co. To pry up, to raise with a lever : Life 4 � I, b i k I k �n g, k I k �n 9 . To give life to, to make alive : To pry up, to raise with a lever bi hdrp. (plural ): b i Q�1 . To pry with a lever : k�l . Lift To hold, to lift : pu. To pry with a lever (plural ): y�1 . b i k�1 . To lift: To lift (heavy object) : bi kru. �ick To lap up, to lick: hl ia. To lift (plural ) : b i y�1 . kdjong . To lick: leh2 . To lift, to raise: To lift , to raise (plural ): To make lap up something, to bi kdjong. make lick something: bi hI ia. To make hold something, to make To make lick something: bi leh. lift something: b i pli . �id Light Cover , lid: kdrua. Being a light sleeper : engeh2 . Lie Bright , clear, light (of light , To lie, to tell a lie: I uar. room, etc.): mngac. To lie, to tell a lie (plural): Bright , light : bang . b i I ua r. Light complexioned : mtih2. To make lie: b i I ua r. Light , not heavy : hdjul. Lie down To burn , to light , to set fire To cower, to lie down in order to : cUh . to hide or protect onesel f: To burn , to light , to set fire krap2 . to (plural ): bi cuh. To cower, to lie down in order To light , to set fire to : cuh to hide or protect oneself pu i . (plural ): bi krap. To make bright , to make clear , To lay, to make lie down : bi bi mngac . m4 ih, m4ih. to make light : To make light complexioned: bi To lie down : Qih. mti h. To lie down (of animal , of bi soldier taking cover): bu8n. To make light , to lighten: h dj u I • To lie down (of quadrupeds except elephants): co . �ight bu �b : ampul . bi bu8n . To lie down (plural) : �ighten To lie down by lowering hind To make light , to lighten: bi legs and then fro nt legs (of hdj u I. elephant ) : t ru ng . Lightning : kmla. To make (elephant ) lie down by lowering its hind legs and then Describes flashing of light­ its front legs : bi trung. ning: 91 ir 9l ir. To make cower , to make (someone) Describes lightning striking: lie down in order to hide or bhang , tlr. protect himself: bi krap. To strike (of lightning, or To make lie down : bi 4ih, bi in Rhade , of gram 'thunder '): bu8n. aa h 1 • 200

To strike ( of lightning , or in 'Lion : emong guo Rhade , of gram 'thunder ' ) ( plu­ ral ) : bi aah. lip: keue .

'Like 'Listen To desire , to like, to want : To hear , to listen to : hm�. �iang . To hear , to li sten to ( archaic) : To desire , to like , to want mhO'. ( ) bi �iang . plural : To hear, to listen to ( archaic ) To dislike (kd food) : nuih. ( plural ) : bi mhO'. To dislike (kd food ) ( plural ) : To hear , to listen to ( fast b i nu i h. speech) : mh�. To dislike ( someone , something ) : To hear , to li sten to ( fast mlf� . speech) ( plural ) : bi mh�. To dislike ( someone , something) To hear , to listen to ( plur al ) : ( plural ) : bi mlf�. b i hm�. mlf� ma� . To dislike very much: 'Little To dislike very much ( plural ) : A few, a little, some: sa . bi mlf� ma�. A little , somewhat : eia eia. To like, to love: khap. Few , a few, little, a little: To like, to love ( plural ) : bi e ia1 khap. Little finger: ksi �ng aa i. 'Lime Little, small: si�t . Lime for betel chew: �ur. To make little , to make small : bi aiet, bi msi et , maiet. 'Limit Border, boundary, limit : kdr&� .

'Limp 'Lizard Describes manner of limping : Gecko, house lizard: k�a . djhTng dhTng, djhong djhdt, dj hdt dj hdt . Tree lizard: pakke .

Limp , soft, wilted : kdjuot. load To make limp, to make soft , to To load: bi mdiang , md iang . make wilt: bi kdjuot . To load onto someone 's back: b i gu i . 'Line Aligned, following one another , location in a line: bi du� . To know the location of: bTt. Line on palm of hand: gru. lock : kl0 khua. To arrange in order , to place in line : bi . dap, dap. Locked: khua. To form a line , to line up: Locked ( plural ) : bi khua . dap . To bolt, to lock with a bar or To make form a line , to make chain: bi kal , bi kal, kal i, line up: bi dap. ka 1. To make use a ruler , straight To lock: khua. edge , etc . in drawing a straight To lock ( plural ) : bi khua . line : bi treh. To use ( ruler, straight edge, log: dj uh . etc . ) in drawing a straight line : treh. loinc loth: kpin. 201

To decorate, to embroider (ends To make look closely at . to of loincloth ) with beads : kteh. make peer at : bi kmu . To decorate, to embroider (ends To make look up : bi anglli . of loincloth) with beads (plu­ ral): bi kteh . �ook for To 100 k for: b i h d u a h, d u a h , To put on (garment covering hduah1• groin, loincloth , skirt ) (kd someone ): bi �ar. To look for (plural ): bi duah. To put on , to wear (garment To look for carefully among covering groin, lOincloth, many objects: krllC. skirt): �a r. To look for carefully among many objects (plural ): bi krllC. one�y To fee� 10�elY, to miss (kd some ­ To look for . to search for one): enguo t. (rare object) : �h iet, bi �hiet, bi m�hiet. To make lonely , to make miss bi �nguot . someone: �ooking for Looking for a rare obj ect . ong searching fo r a rare object : Describes a garment 's being m�h i et. too big or too long: jhung jhung . Describes one's staying a long �oom time : mo mo , re re, rill rilL Wooden bar used to hold warp in weaving with backstrap loom : Describes one's staying a long khung . time and forgetting the time : bro bro. �oop : �ang bluat. Formerly, long ago : phun do. �oo8e Long (of time), prolonged: sui . Describe s a garment 's being too Long, tall : dlon g1• big, too loose : dj hing djhung. Long, too big (of garment ): Loose fitting: hlue. jhung . To make loose: bi hlue. To extend, to lengthen, to make To release . to turn loose: tha. long: bi dlong. To release , to turn loose (an­ To make too long, to make too imal ): bi pring, pring. big (garment ): bi jhung. To release. to turn loose (plu­ ook ral): bi t ha . To look askance (kd at ): kl i�ng a 1.3. �oo8en To loosen (cooked rice. soil . To look askance (kd at ) (plural ): etc.): suI . bi kl i�ng ala. To loosen ( �ost) from its To look at , to observe , to mo unting: go. watch: dlang. To loosen (soil) around the To look at , to observe , to watch base of a tree : ru. (plural): bi dlang . To loosen (soil) around the To look closely at , to peer at : base of a tree (plural ): bi ru . kmu . To make (animal . human ) fell To look closely at , to peer at a tree . tu make (animal . human ) (plural) : bi kmu . loosen a post: bi g8 . To look up: anglli . To make (someone) loosen cooked To make look at , to make ob­ rice . soil . etc.: bi suI . serve. to make watch. to show: bi dlang . 202

To uproot, to loosen soil from Lower roots of in order to tOfple or Lower part , underneath: guo carry away : bi kru, kru . To bring down , to lower : bi mtrun, bi trun , mtrun . loquacious Loquacious, talkative : bi mack, To lower (mosquito net) : bi mliok . md l�h. lose lucky: mbha, myun . To lose: bi lurc:, lurC:1• It is opportune ... It is To make lose financially : bi I�. lucky . ..: brS. Lucky , successful (at hunting losing or fi shing) : egap2 . Describes manner of losing some­ thing gradually piece by piece : To make lucky: bi mbha, bi myun. srSc srSC: , sr� sr�. To make lucky at hunting or fishing, to make successful at lost hunting or fi shing: bi egap. Having lost money in a trans­ 18. action: Lump : klo. Lotus To become lumpy : bi klo. Lotus flower : krih2. lung : ksc. Lotus plant : ana krih. Lychee loud: ktang. Kind of fruit, lychee (1): s�p. Describes a sound's loudness Lychee fruit : bo h erang. or low-pitch: d�ng d�ng . Lychee tree : ana erang . To make loud: bi ktang . Lying louse Describes manner of lying of Head louse: ktao . dead animal , person , or plant : k I �n g 1. love In love (kd with) : 9S . In love (kd with) (plural) : b i 9S. M

To like , to love : khap. m To like , to love (plural ) : bi A letter of the Rhade alphabet, khap. M: md. lover magnet: msei hrip. Married person's secret lover : pi u. make To create , to make : bi mj ing, low mj ing. To shoot low, to throw low: bi To do , to make : nga. cap. To do , to make (plural): bi Too low, below tar get (of bul­ nga_ . let arrow , or something thrown): r C:ap makeup To apply makeup to: bi siam . Low-pitch Describes a sound 's loudness or ma Le low-pitch: d�ng d�ng . Male animal : knS . 203

Old but still strong and mean market: sang Cd. male (of bull or buffalo): kno kut. marry To make marry : bi dok . man bi dok. Boy, man: ekei . To mar ry (plural ): kur. mash mange : To fall on and mash or pinch: Having much mange : bi kur. k tit2. To mash or pinch (someone) mangy : kur. (hong with): bi kti t. manmade Used rice mash for wine : cua . Natural, not manmade: cong jing, cong mSo. master Master , owner: khua . manner Manner, way: an ih. ma t: anue . mantis match Praying mantis: ktuop jong . Alike, compatible, matching: guop. many Alike , compatible , matching Describes abundance. many : bru bi guop . bru. (plural ): Mate in a pair, matching part: Describes an object 's being guop. abundant , many: tral . To be alike, to match: bi mse . Many, much, numerous : lu. To match (hong with) : bi mdjo, Very many : �ha &ha, Bra &ra , mdjo. �rong &rong. mate Marah : mlan tlSo. Mate in a pair, matching part : guop. mark Mark , spot : gru. To breed, to make fuck, to mate (animals): bi drue , bi To make (someone ) mark some­ mdrue , md rue . thing, to make paint a surface: bi mal , bi tak. mature To make a mark on, to mark: bi Mature, ripe : khua . gru. To make mature, to ripen: bi To make mark : bi tuor. khua .

To mark: bi mg ru, mgru. may To mark (hard surface): tuor. Able , can, may: dll'i l. To mark by pressing heavily on: Can , may : ar . k tu r. May: mlan ema. To mark by pr essing heavily on (plural ): bi ktur. maya To mark, to paint (a surface): Maya bird: cfm jong . bi mia, bi tak, mal , mia, tak. maybe To mark, to paint (a surface) Maybe , perhaps: he , nang ai. (plural ): bi mal . Maybe, probably: chfn dah. marker Yes-no question marker: md. me I, me : kao . 204

means messy With, by means of: hong . Messy, uncombed, unkempt ( of hair) : kri . measure To be disarranged, to be messy: To measure the volume of: sdng2. bh i . To measure the volume of ( plu­ To disarrange , to make messy: ral ) : bi sdng. b i bh i . To measure , to weigh: bi mka, bi bhlt. mka. To make messy: To make messy ( hair) : bi kri. meat: clm. me taphor : klei bi hri�ng . medici ne : �a drao. To speak metaphorically : bi Kind of plant used in me dicine : hri�ng. drao. metre To cure , to give medic ine to, Me tre unit of measure : me t. to treat : bi mdrao, mdrao . ( ) Metre stick: met . meet T reet , to meet , to wait for : middle : k rah 1. � � kap . Middle finger: k4ieng krah . To greet , to meet , to wait for Right in the middle: ti krah ( plural ) : b i kap . wah . To make meet (hong someone) : b i Very middle , very centre: krah mtu&m , mtuom . wah . To meet (hong someone) : tu&m2 . midwife : 9ue . To meet (hong someone) ( plural) : bi tu&m . mildew To meet ( of peopl e ) : k9ln . Fungus , mildew , mold: hdoh . To meet ( of people ) ( plural) : To cause mildew to grow on, to bi k9ln . cause mold to grow on: bi hdoh . To meet by appointment (hong To mildew , to mold: hdoh . someone) : bi k!ah, kcah . mi lk me lon Vomited milk : al iek. Kind of melon: kmun tuk . mi l Zipede : epan Ie. Kind of melon plant : hrue kmun tuk. mince Watermelon: mkai . To chop fine, to mince: kcoh . To chop fine , to mince ( plural) : me lt b i kcoh . Dissolved, melted: I ik. To dissolve , to melt: bi lik. mine Mine ( explosive) : mi n. meow To make meow: bi agra . minority Montagnard, minority group To meow : ag ra . member: eQ� �ga .

mere mirror: a I a king, I a king . Mere , only: knong. misguide message To lead astray, to misguide , Letter, written message : hra. to give wrong information to: b i soh . 205 miss Bill , currency, money: prak. To feel lo�ely! to miss (kd some one) : enguot. Inherited property , inherited money : kfr. To make (someone ) mi ss his tar­ get : bi huoh . Much inherited money, much in­ herited property : do kfr. ngan To make lonely, to make mi ss kfr. someone: bi �nguot. To change (money ) into smaller To make miss (kd someone ): bi denominations : bi hI i�. �nguot hnfng . To make miss someone: bi hnfng. mongoose Mongoose, squirrel (7): prok. To miss (kd someone): �nguot hnfng, hnfng, kru2 • monkey : k ra . To mi ss (kd someone) (plural ): Kind of small gray monkey : hwa . bi �nguot hnfng , bi hnfng, bi kru. Kind of small monkey: ku&n. To miss one 's target : huoh . Montagnard Montagna;d ! minority group mistress member: eee �ga . Mistre ss, secret girlfriend: piu mn i�. mo nth: mlan. mi te : ma�l. moon : mlan. Having many mites : bi ma�. Full (of moon) : pur. mi x To make full (moon): bi pur. Describes manner of being dis­ orderly, mixed up : nhak nhai. moon Zigh t Bright (of moonlight ): ang . Interchanged, mixed up: kl uk. To be interchanged, to get mixed more up : �hu. Again , more: 101 • To interchange, to mix up : bi More (comparative): hfn. �hu. bi kl uk, bi luk. bi m�hu, I uk , mchu. morning: aguah , guah. To mix: ��c . Tomorrow morning : aguah mg i To mix (plural) : bi c�c . mortal' Mo rtar for pounding: �sung . moaning Describes manner of a sick Mortar gun : mukti�. person's mo aning: uang uang . mo Zd mosqui to : �Ioh. Fungus , mildew, mold: hdoh. Kind of small mos quito : k�Cl . To cause mildew to grow on, to Mosquito net: mung . cause mold to grow on: bi hdoh . To lower (mosquito net): bi To mildew, to mold: hdoh . md IlIh . mo Ze mo ss Mole (animal ): anur. Algae , mo ss: kul . Mole on skin : eh ru� . mo st hru� sa . Very, the mo st , superlative: Mo nday : �d i, �d imi . �dimima. 206 mo th To open (one's mouth) : ha . Edible young newly emerged butterfly or moth : hluat ejuar. mouthfu l To make take a mouthful , to mother: amT. make snap up something: bi Female animal, mother animal: kblam. ana 1. To take a mouthful of (of Mother (children's speech): mT. animal ): kblam. mo ther-in-law mo ve Father-in-law , mother-in-law : To make (someone) move as ide : kmha . b i nah. To make (someone) move part mo tionless of his body close to something : Describes manner of remaining b i king. motio nle ss , st ill: to'mdn 9 . To make move along the ground To sit motionless. to sit still: (rope ): bi hrung . deSk pIT. To move: bi kpil, kpil. mo torcycle : edeh pdphut. To move (bird trap ) from one Frame of bicycle or motorcyc le : place to another : po . khung . To move (something) around something else: bi di�r. mound To push up (mound of soil ) from To move aside: bi sd, nah1, underground (of plant ): ru. ne , se, sd, sil. To push up (mound of soil) from To move aside (plural): bi sil. underground (of plant ) (plural ): To move aside , to remove : bi b i ru. nah , bi ne, bi se, bi sd, nah1 , ne, se, sd, sil. mountain: eil. To move aside . to remove (plu­ mouse ral): bi sil. Mouse, rat : k'kuih. To mo ve close, to move near (pointed object) (ti to ): bi moustache : mun, muTn . mto, mto . mouth: k&o ng. To move from one place to another : bi sak, saL Opening one's mouth in exhaus­ tion: ngong ng�t . To move part of one's body close to: king. River mouth : mbah . To move slowly : td, til. To carry in one 's mouth, to hold.in one 's mouth: kgong. To move slowly (plural ): bi td, b i tiJ. To carry in one 's mouth, to hold in one 's mouth (plural ): To move with a lever : kill . b i kgong. To shake , to move (liquid). To close (one's mouth): krap . to make bump (vehicle on rough road): bi tlong tlllt. To close (someone 's mouth): bi krap. movemen t To make (someone) open his Describes manner of movement mouth: bi ha . of caterpillar , eel , snake, worm, etc.: nuat nuat. To make (someone) open his mouth in exhaustion : bi ngon g moving n gilt. Describes manner of movin� quickly or suddenly : chTp . 207

Shaking , moving ( of liquid) , N bumping ( of vehicle on rough road) : tlong tllft. n A letter of the Rhade alphabet , much N: nd. Many , much, numerous : lu.

mucus A letter of the Rhade alphabet , Mucus from throat : ea khak. N: lid. Nasal mucus : ea dung. ng mud A letter of the Rhade alphabet , To make wallow in mud: pI in. NG: ngd. To wallow in mud: bi pI in. nai l-: kefn . To wallow in mud ( of buffalo) : Fingernail , toenail : k'kao . enham . naked: ml un. kdlut, Ili. muddy : Describe s manner of being Muddy wallowing place: �hong . completely naked: kl lfng2. To make muddy : bi lu. To be naked: allfng, Ilfng . bi To place in a muddy place: anan2. kd I ut . name: Family name : dj ue. mul-ticol-oured brung . To call ( something) a name : Colourful , multicoloured: pia. To make colourful , to make bi brung . To make call something a name : multicoloured : b i pia. mumps : buom ydi . narrate To narrate , to tell: yal dlie. muscl-e Muscle, flesh: kseh. To narrate, to tell ( plural) : bi yal dl ie. mushroom Fungus , mushroom, toadstool: narrow: kn h i a. m'mao. To make narrow: bi knhia. musica l- instrument: sfng adriek. na tura l- Kind of bamboo musical instru­ Growing naturally , not planted, ment : gong. volunteer ( of plant ) : �ong �at. Musical instrument made from N tura , not manmade : �ong jing, bamboo and squash: bru2 . cong� mao� . Musical instrument made from bi kdul . squash and bambo o, similar to na useous : khan: afng nam. Lao nave l-: msa t. Musical instrument made from squash and one bamboo or buf­ neal' falo horn : afng tak ta o Close , near (hong to ) : giam, j e. must To go close, to stay close , To have to have , must have : bi to go near , to stay near : ting, mao . tring2. To have to receive , must re­ To make go close, to make stay ceive : bi mao mao close , to make go near, to make stay near : bi ting, bi tring.

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To move close, to move near new : mr�o. {hong to }: bi giam, bi je, bi bi mr�o. mg iam, mg iam. To make new , to renew : To move close, to move near news : klei h�n thlo. {pointed object} {to to}: bi mto, mto. newspaper: hra h�n thao. To move very close, to move anap . very near {hong to }: bi m�m. next: Very close, very near {hong to }: niece m�m. Nephew, niece: one's brother 's child: anak. k' k u e. ne c k: Nephew , niece: one 's sister 's To place around one's neck: child: amuon . mbak . mlam. To place around someone's neck : night: bi mbak. nine : dua pan. To put on, to wear around one's neck : bak. no : d:dh. To put on, to wear around one's No {opposite of 'yes', but neck, to put on someone else's cannot stand alone as answer neck: bi bak. to que stion}: ar. anu. No , none , there are no , there neckl.ace : is no : amao mlo Oh . needl.e: erum. node Bamboo node : atut. negative Do not , don't, negative imper­ To grow a new node : bi atieng . sam ... Oh . ative : To grow a new node , to grow a bi atut. nephew new knot : Nephew, niece: one's brother 's �nai. child: anak. noise : Describes very soft noise : Nephew, niece : one's sister's �h�c . child: amuon . h ruh. no isemaker nest: Rotat ing noi semaker for scaring Chicken's nest : ktat. away birds: kong dar. bl hruh . To make many nests: noisy: ena i . ne t: j a I . Describes a group 's {animal s or persons } being noisy: hao Kind of bamboo fish net device : hao , dr dr . p r li. Noisy {of place}, disturbed by Kind of conical woven bamb oo ngaii . fish net : krang . noise {of person}: bi enai . Long fish net , seine : nual . To make noisy: To make noisy, to disturb with Mosquito net : mung. noise: bl ngail. To lower {mosquito net}: bi mdl�h. none No, none , there are no , there To make {someone } place a trap amao ma .•. oh . or net into the water: bi traih. is no: o None, nothing: hdal. To place {trap , net } into the water: traih. 209

north: ngo . nun : sdr . nose : adung . nurse To blow one's nose: anhuih. To nurse (of a woman , a child): bl mam, bl mem , bi mum. To make (someone ) blow his nose: bi anhuih. T� nurse, to suck (of bab y) : · mam. not: am�o ... Sh , Sh . To nurse, to suck (of baby) Do not , don't, negative imper- (children's speech): mem o ative : 4im ... ah . Not yet: ka ... ah . To forbid, to tell not to do 0 something: bi ghi, ghi. 0 To not do something, to refuse A letter of the Rhade alphabet, to, to promise pot to: kat, 0: o. kat hman. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, To not do something, to refuse 0: S. to , to promise not to (plural): bi ka t, bi kat hman. A letter of the Rhade alphabet , II : o" 1 . notch To cut a notch in: bi klik, (5 klakl, tal 2, tlik. A letter of the Rhade alphabet , 0; o. To cut a notch in (plural): bi ta I. " To make cut a notch: bi tlak. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, CJ: d1 • nothinq : aT mang, hdaT mang, mang . it A letter of the Rhade alphabet , -1 None , nothing: hdaT. 11: d. To have nothing to eat : �3 . oar knua2• notify Oar, paddle : To notify: h�n mth�o . obedien t: "U pl . To notify (plural ): bl h�n mth�o . Obedient , tame: eao. mlan pluh sa . ob ese No vember: Fat , obese: &mong. now : ara anei . obey How about now? : bi �jai anei? Obey, understand (poetic use): · "a2• numb kran. To make obey : bl "up, bl m"up, Numb, paralysed: meupl. To make numb , to paralyse: bi kran. To make obey, to tame : b I 4ao. To obey: . ma k I e I, ma tu. number: mra. To o�ey (plural) : b I ma k I e I, b I ma tu. numerous Many , much, numerous : lu. object To increase, to make numerous : Object, thing: .do, mnang . b i I u. 210

Objects, things: do do, do ng an, To turn on , to turn off mndng hnua, mndng mnua. (switch): . tak1• objective offence Goal , objective : brua, brua Offence, wrong against another knua. person : ks i .

Objective , purpose, reason : offend klei3, kliang1 • To insult , to offend : dlao, dlao wac. observe To look at , to observe , to To insult , to offend (plural ): watch: dlan g. bi dlao, bi dlao wac.

To look at , to observe , to offer watch (plural ): bi dlang . To offer (aid, contribution , To make look at , to make ob­ help) (plural): bi mydr . serve , to make watch, to show: To offer someone (something) bi dlang . only as a matter of courtesy : b i m h LIp , m h LIp• obstruct To be completely obstructed, to official. get stu c k fast: Quom tldl , Quom Chief, official: khua . t I lil• To obstruct the path of, to offspring block the passage of: kgan1 • Offspring, young (of animal): ellai . To obstruct the path of, to block the passage of (plural): often bi kgan. Describes an action's of ten­ ness or frequency : j�n j�n. occasional.l.y Occasionally, often, sometimes : Occasionally , often, sometimes : khang2 • khang2 • Often, frequently (always used occupied in sentence with nanao 'always '): Busy, occupied: gun . tran. occupy oil.: ea pral. To make busy, to occupy : bi gun. oil.y: mnak. ocean Ocean, sea: ea ksr, ksl. Fat , oily: pral. To be fat , to be oily : bi pral. October: mlan plu h. To make oily : bi mnak, bi prar. odd Odd, uneven (of number ): hI ie, ol.d: khua . klah. Old (of human): mduon . To make odd, to make uneven : Old (of inanimate object): bi klah. h sa p, so, t I a p . To make odd. to make uneven , to Old (of inanimat e object), old separate: bi hI ie. but still strong (of female animal ): klap l . of For, of, to , toward: kd2 • Old but still strong and mean male (of bull or buffalo) : kno off kut. To make turn on a switch, to To age , to make old: bi mduon . make turn off a switch: bi tak. 211

To make old: bi haap, bi klap, Describes manner of opening bi so, bi tlap. one 's eyes clearly (plural ): bi kl�L older Older and younger brothers and Open, unfolded (of flower , sisters (of female): adam adei , leaf, etc.): blan gl• dam d e i. Opened: kpok . Older and younger brothers and Opening one 's mouth in exhaus­ sisters (of male ): ayong adei. tion: ngong ngLit . Older brother, one 's child-in­ Split open or apart but still law's father (older), cousin: attached: khLlk I. one's mother's sister 's son (older ), one's father's To be open, to be unfolded brother 's son: ayong . (plural): blan gl • Older brothers: di ayong . To make (someone) open his eyes wide : bi ktan, bi tan . Older sister, one's child-in­ law's mother (older), cousin: To make (someone) open his one 's mother 's daughter (older) , mouth: bi ha. one 's father 's brother's daugh­ To make (someone) open his ter (older) : ama i . mouth in exhaustion: bi ngong n 9 Lit. oldest Firstborn, oldest child: anak To make open something, to khua. make peel something: bi alok. To open: bi kpok, pok2• on Ab ove, on : ti dlong. To open (one's fist): bi mblang, mblang. To make turn on a switch, to make turn off a switch: bi tak. To open (one's mouth) : ha . To turn on, to turn off (switch): To open (plural ): bl pok. tak I. To open one 's eyes wide : ktan, tan. on time On time, punctual : �ri, �ro. To open, to peel: alok. To make (someone) be on time , To open, to unfold : bi blang. to make (someone ) be punctual : bl �r l, bl �ro. opening: mbah . opium: hat drao. one : sa. One , someone: arang. Opium leaf: hat drao. Opium poppy plant: ana hat drao. one -way One-way street : sa hdra elan. opponent Enemy , opponent : roh. oneseZf: asei po, a s e i m I e I ... po . opportune It is opportune It is onion: esun. lucky . ..: bro. Onion plant : esun . oppo se To oppose: bi mddng, mddng2• onZy: ydh hyuot . Mere , only: knong. or: amao dah. Or else, otherwise: mdng dah. open Describes manner of opening orange one's eyes clearly: kl�c. Orange fruit: boh krue. 212

Orange tree : ana krue. oval.: nha. To make oval : bi nha. opchapd: war boh. ovepdo opdep Overdoing, exceeding limits To arrange in order, to place set for oneself: knak 1 . in line: bi dap, dap. To make overdo , to make (some­ To spread out in order on a sur­ one) exceed limits set for face: r i ak. himself: bi knak . To spread out in order on a sur­ face (plural): b i r i ak. ovepfl.ow Overflowing or appearing full othep because of some obstruction: Another, other: mkan . 5 I ilI. Overflowing, running over: othepwise �gaol . Or else , otherwise: .mdng dah. To make overflow or appear full ottep: amhe , kmhe2• because of some obstruction : bi 5 I ill . oupsel.ves Each other, ourselves, them­ oveptake selves, yourselves (must be To overtake, to pass: bla. followed by appropriate personal To overtake , to pass (plural ): pronoun): hdang g ap. b i bl a. Each other , ourselves, them­ selves, yourselves (must be owl.: mkao . followed by appropriate plural pronoun ): hdang2 • ownep Master , owner : khua . out Beginning, from , out of, since, starting: ddng mdng , mdng . To come out , to emerge: ele. p To come out , to emerge , to go p out : kb i a. A letter of the Rhade alphabet , P: po'. To disappear, to escape , to get out , to run away: &ue. pacify To make come out , to make To make happy , to pacify: bi emerge: bi ele. �nang . To make come out , to make To pacify (arguing or fighting emerge, to make go out : bi kbia. persons ): dong2 • To make disappear, to make es­ To pacify (arguing or fighting cape, to make get out , to make persons) (plural ): bi dong. run away: bi Que. pack out of opder: jhat. Hard, packed (of soil , path, etc.): tlar. To cause to be out of order: bi jhat. To harden, to make hard, to pack (soil, path, etc.): bi outep t I a r. Out er part , outside: �ngao. To pack (clothes, food, etc.): prap. outside: ta�l , ti �ngao. Out er part , outside: �ngao. package : anung . 213

paddl.e To pant : ksdi hI . Oar, paddle: knuaz. pants To make row, to make paddle : bi chum. wah. Pants, trousers: To row, to paddle: wa h l. papaya Papaya fruit : boh te i hung . page Papaya plant : ana boh tel hung. To turn (page ): bi klu'k,kl u'k. paper: mdar. paid tl enoh. Completely paid for : oh paral.yse Numb , paralysed: kran. pain Describes manner of a do g 's To make numb , to paralyse : bi crying in pain: kdk . kran.

Describes pulsating, throbbing pardon pain : 9uk 9uk. I'm sorry, pardon , excuse me : Exc lamation of pain: h�. pap mna i.

painfu l. pare Describes manner of hurting, of To pa re, to peel with a knife: being painful : al ai , khik khik. cia. Hurting, painful : rua. To pare, to peel with a knife ( pIural ): bi G i a . paint To make (someone) mark something, parents: amf ama . to make paint a surface : bi mal , b i tak. parrot: kt ia. Describes manner of a parrot 's To mark , to paint (a surface): crying: tet tet. bi mia, bi tak, mal , mia, tak. To mark , to paint (a surface) parry (plural ): bi mal . To parry, to ward off: bl mgha , mghal . pair: h ISOI • parsl.ey Mate in a pair, matching part : Chinese parsley: djam 9S0. guop. Chinese parsley plant : ana djam Pair (of earrings , shoes, etc.): 9S0 . per . part pal.m Division, part, portio n, side, Areca palm: kn i eng . zone: kdriek. Kind of palm tree: ana mnang . Part, side: nah. Line on palm of hand: gru. Tender young plant part: knat . Palm of hand : pia kngan . partial.e pal.pate Emphatic command particle: hOI . To feel a patient 's abdomen, to Part icle of emphasis: he . palpate (of doctor): kuai tian. partiaul.ar pan Choosy, particular : ruah. Frying pan : go 4eh. Choosy, particular (kd about ): pango l.in: �nu81. C�Z . Choosy, particular (kd about ) pant ( pl ur al ): b ice. To make pant : bi ksdih. 214

party Peaceful . qu iet : e4�p enang . To hav� a harvest party: bl hu� sdng. To make peaceful : bl hnuk enang . pass peacock: amrak. Describes manner of motor vehicle 's passing : d: ur. peanut: etak Ian. To cross . to pass over : hgao. Peanut plant : ana etak lan, phun etak Ian. To cross. to pass over (plural ): bl hgao. peck To overtake. to pass: bl�. To make peck. to make strike (bird. snake. etc.): bl coh , To overtake. to pass (plural): b I mcoh . bl bl�. To peck. to strike (of bird , To pass across , to pass over : snake . etc.): coho b I egao. To peck, to strike (of bird. To pass in front of: g�n. snake . etc .) (plural ): bl coh , To p� ss in front of (plural ): bl mcoh. b I gan. peda l To pass through (crowd , grass . To make pedal a bicycle: bl wa l. etc.): bl lua. To pedal (bicycle ): wa ll. paste peddle Glue. paste: ea 91Tt. To go to sell. to peddle (ex­ pensive object such as vehicle . pasture : kd r�n. animal ; etc.): aghan. patch To make go to sell something , Banana patch: wa r mtel . to make peddle something : bl aghan. To patch: bl duom, bl md uom , d u om , md u om . peel To make open something . to path: klSng . make peel something: bl alSk. Path. road . street : elan. To open, to peel : alSk. pay Toy .- pare . to peel with a knife : To pay (archaic ) : pahz. C I a. To pay (debt ) : t I a. To pare. to peel with a knife (plural ): bl cl�. To pay (debt) (plural) : b I t I a. To pay (plural) (archaic ): b I peel' pah. To look closely at . to peer at : kmu . To pay (someo.ne ) : mlln . To look closely at . to peer To pay (someone) (plural ) : b I at (plural ): bl kmu . mlln . To make look closely at . to To pay for completely: b I tloh make peer at : bl kmu. enoh. To pay tax (kct on. to) : tuh pen j I a. Corral . pen . zoo: wa r hIS. To pay tax ( kct on. to) (plural ) : penetrate bl tuh j I a. To make enter easily. to make penetrat e easily: bl srup. peacefu l: hnuk enang. To penetrat e. to pierce: cut. 215

To penetrat e, to pierce (plural ): To make hard-working , to make b i cut . persevere: bi taih. (tl To pierce something) with, persevering to make (something ) penetrate Describes manner of persever­ (ti something): bi kma . ing , of working in spite of fatigue: jhd jhd, mhap mhap. penetra ting Easily penetrat ing something Exerting great effort, perse­ el se: kma . vering : gar. Entering or penetrating easily mnu ih, po. without obstruction: srup. person: perspiration penis Perspiration, sweat : ea ho. Penis (of animal ): 40ng . Penis (of human ): I oh. perspire To make perspire, to make penny sweat : bi kha , bl kdho. Cent , penny: lui2• To perspire, to sweat : khol , kdho. peppel' hrue ehang . Betel pepper pl ant : persuade Chili pepper : amr�c . To convince, to make prefer , to persuade: bi klang tang. Chili pepper plant : ana amr�c. pestle perch Pounder , pestle: hlao2 • To alight , to perch: gaml , gam. To alight , to perch (plural ): petiol.e bi gam, bi gam. Petiole, stem of leaf or fruit: akuop. perfect To have ... -ed , perfect aspect: pick tuoml . To choose, to pick out , to select : ruah. perfectly To choose, to pick out , to Carefully, perfectly, well : bi select (plural ): bi ruah. j ak. To choose, to pick out , to Completely, perfectly, thorough­ select , and claim as one's ly: jum2 • own : kuan. Compl etely, perfectly, thorough­ To choose, to pick out , to ly (used only in commands) : bi select , and claim as one's jum. own (plural ): b I kuan. perfume To make choose something , to Cologne, perfume : ea klon, ea make pick out something , to mnak, klon. make select something: bi ruah. To make pick a musical instru­ perhaps ment , to .ake pluck a musical Maybe, perhaps : he, nang ai. instrument : bi pe. period To make pick up something in Dot , period, point: kco. hand s cupped together: bi kuak. To place a dot, period, or point To pick (fruit): pe . b I kco. on : T� pick (fruit) (plural ): bi · pe. persevere To make exert great effort , to To fick (sugarcane, corn) : make persevere: bl . gTr. 4ah . 216

To pick (sugarcane, corn) (plu­ pin: ea drao. ral ): b i 4a h. anal ko , hnal ko . To pick up in hands cupped to­ pilrow: kua k. gether : pimpre: · mun. To pick up in hands cupped to­ Having many pimples: bi mun. gether (plural) : bi kuak. To pick up piece by piece: duin. pin Hair clasp, hairpin: kep . To pick up piece by piece (plu­ ral): bi du in. Safety pin : kim.

To pick, to pluck (musical in­ pinch strument ): pe. To fall on and mash or pinch: k tit2. pick up To pick up : kue, tuak. To ma sh or pinch (someone) (hclng with) : bl kt it. To pick up (plural ): bi kue, bi tuak. To pinch: kcat. To pick up with one's fingers: To pinc h (plural ): bi kcat. k90C I. To pinch off, to cut off with To pick up with one's fingers one's fingernail: ktT. (plural): bi k90C . To pinch off, to cut off with To pick up with two long objects one 's fingernail (plur al): bi (chopsticks , sticks , etc.): k4 ip. kt T.

To pick up with two long objects pipe (chopsticks, sticks, etc.) (plu­ Bamboo or iron water pipe : ral): bi k4 ip. knang ea. picture Drinking straw , pipe , tube: Image, picture: rup. 4Tng . pierce pith To penetrate, to pierce: cut . Pl ant pith: at ie2.

To penetrate, to pierce (plu­ pity r al ): b i cut. Pity, sympathy: kl ei pap. To pierce (ti something) with, To have pity: pap. to make (something ) penetrate (ti something): bi kma . To have pity (plural ): bi pap. pig: un. prace: anok. Barrow, castrated pig: un bong . Area , direction, place, vic­ inity , way : krTng . Describes manner of a pig's eating: chup chup, phup phup, D�r ictio� ' place, way: anih, plap plap. .cun , kcun 2 . Fat pig: un tl in. To align, to place end-to-end : bi due, duel Wild pig: un dl Ie. To align , to place side-by­ pigeon side: riap. Kind of large gray pigeon: mgam . To align, to place side-by­ Kind of small bird similar to side (plural ): bi riap. pigeon: wa t. To arrange in order, to place Kind of small gray or white in line: bi dap, dap. pigeon : ktra02 . To be aligned, to be placed Kind of small green pigeon: end-to-end (hong with) : bi due. kiJuol. 217

To cover , to pl ace (hong some­ To place in a cage or enclo­ thing) on top of (something): sure , to jail , to imprison: bi gam, gam2 • krd, krL;. To gather together , to place To place in a cage or enclo­ together : bi kl in, kl in. sure, to jail , to imprison To gather , to pl ace together : (plural): bi krd, bi krii. bi mbTt. To place in a high place: To group together , to place to­ trang , trtlng . gether : bi alu. To place in a muddy place: bi To insert , to place inside: bi kd 1 ut . nu , mnu. To place on a stove: bi drong , To lay, to place: luil• drong1 • bi To place on one 's head : sua2 , To lay, to place (plural) : bi sua . 1 u i . To plac e one 's hand on, to To make (someone) place a trap ba, ruaih. or net into the water: bi traih. touch: To make (someone) place sand , To place one's hand on, to soil , rice, book, etc . inside touch (plural ): bi ba, bi something : bi trok. rua i h. To make (someone ) place some­ To place under something else: thing in a high place: bi trong , sun. bi trtlng . pz.acenta : sak2• To make (someone ) place some­ thing under something else: bi pZ.ane sun. Carpenter 's plane: k&ao . To make (someone) place water To plane: k&ao. bi tro. inside something: To plane (plural ): b i k&ao. To make (something ) cross (hong something), to place (something) plant across (hong something): bi ka l , Ampalaya plant, bitter melon ka 12. plant , bal sam apple pl ant : To place: bi dtlm, bi mdtlm, dtlm, hrue eyan phT. md tim. Banana plant : ana mtei. To place (hong something) on Bean plant : hrue etak. top of (something): bi sa l. Betel pepper plant : hrue ehang . (ti sa l . To place on): Cabbage plant : ana djam be i To place (sand , soil , rice, sung , phun djam bei sung . book , etc .) inside something: Carrot plant : ana karat, phun bi trok, trok. karot. To place (trap, net ) into the Cauliflower plant : ana mnga water: traih. djam bei sung, phun mnga djam To place (water) inside some­ be i sung. thing: tro. Cel ery plant : ana seler i. To plac e a dot , period, or ana amr�c. po int on: bi keo. Chili pepper plant : Chinese parsley plant : ana To place apart , to separate: djam &iio. b i rtlng. Cotton plant : ana kpa ih, phun To place around one's neck: kpa ih. mbiik. Cucumber pl ant : hrue kmun . To place around someone's neck: bi mbak. 218

Describes manner of a plant 's Opium poppy plant : ana hat healthy growing: cdcfr. drao. Eggplant plant : ana trong . Papaya plant : ana boh tei Ginger plant , turmeric plant : hung . phun eya . Peanut plant : ana etak lan, Gourd plant , squash plant : hrue phun etak . 1 an. boh giet, hrue giet. Plant pith: atie2. Grass, plant ( shorter than about Plant stem: gra nl. ) three feet : rdk . Plant , tree : ana2. Growing naturally, not planted , ( ) Pumpkin plant : hrue boh plei, volunteer of plant : cong cat. hrue plei . Indigo plant : ana krum, phun ana hwie. krum. Rattan plant : Rice plant : phun md ie. Kind of edible forest plant : ana hyai. Sesame plant : ana enga , ana engu . Kind of edible plant : ana aplang. Small plant : phunl. Kind of edible plant which grows Squash plant : hrue edak. in wet places: ana ksam . Stem of a kind of vineline Kind of fern plant : ana kton , plant used in producing gela­ ana mdwa ih, phun kton , phun tin: krong3• mdwa ih. Stem of ed ible plant which Kind of large inedible fern grows in wet places: ksam . plant : ana kwan. Sugarcane plant: ph un kbao. Kind of melon plant : hrue kmun ana ceo tu k. Tea plant : Tender young plant part : knat. Kind of plant: ana abiek. To plant : pIa. Kind of plant bearing edible fruit : hrue eyan. To plant ( plural ) : b i p I a. Kind of plant bearing edible To plant ( rice) : buh2 . leaves: ana hrum . To plant ( rice) ( plural ) : bi Kind of plant having itchy white buh. sap: ana adlt. To transplant : po . Kind of plant used in medicine: Tobacco plant : ana hat, gran d rao. hat. Kind of rice plant : ana ke . Tomato plant : ana trong drun. Kind of small taro plant: ana Watermelon plant: hrue mkai. ebua. Wild banana plant : ana jue. Kind of sweet potato plant : ana hbei �Iang , ana hbei mo, hrue Young plant : sail. hbei tao. jam. Kind of tall plant used in pLate: making baskets: ana atieng. Bowl or plate made from squash or gourd: bu'ng. Kind of vinelike plant used in hrue krong . producing gelatin: pLay Lettuce plant : phun salat. Describes manner of playing around : mul mul . Lotus plant: ana krih. To make play a Jew's harp: bi Onion plant : esun. tah. 219

To make play in dirt : bi pI i, point pI in. Dot , period , point : keC; . To play: bi hlap, hlap. Point, tip, top: eduk. To play (Jew's harp): tah . Sharp pointed: knur. To play in dirt: bi pI in, pI i. To place a dot , period, or point on: bl keo. ptayground: ta! hlap., To point at : bi kt rao, ktrao1 . pteasant To sharpen to a po int : bi knur. Pleasant (of singing), eloquent (of speaking ): wa i2• poison: k�e kam . To make (one's voice) pleasant , Arrow poison made from tree to make (one's words) eloquent : sap : akam1 . b i wa i. pote ptiers : kna ih. Bamboo pole: &rng. Bar, pole, stick: gie. ptough To plough : ka i 1. Flag pole: gang kd. To plough (plural ): bi ka i. To carry suspended from a pole (of two persons ): k'kung . To use (animal ) in ploughing: bi mjua, mjua1 . To make (two persons) carry something suspended from a ptuak po 1 e: b i k'k ung • To make pick a mu sical instru­ ment , to make pluck a musical pote vauH instrument : bi pe. To jump , to pole vault : kdat . To pick, to pluck (musical in­ To make jump, to make pole strument ): pe. vaul t: b i kda t. ptug pometo Cap, cork, plug, stopper: akat . Kind of large citrus fruit , pomelo: boh krue dung . To cap, to clog, to close, to plug, to stop up: akat, bi akat. Pomel o tree: ana boh krue dung.

To insert , to plug: !ut. pond: ea &Iung. To insert , to plug (plural ): bi eut . poor: Itun. To plug (leak): &l lr1, bi &I ir, To make poor : bi &un. bl mI.lir, mltl lr. poppy pturat Opium poppy plant : ana hat A word which optionally occurs d rao . preceding nouns having plural referent : phung . porah Porch, floor-level platform at poaket front of traditional house: Bag, pocket , sack, wrapped ob­ ad ring . ject: kdung . poraupine: ksua . pod Bean pod : etak. porridge Rice porridge: bur . poem Poem, proverb: klei due. portion Division, part , portion, side, zone: kd riek. 220

position To poun� � rice) to remove the Job , position, work: brua, brua husk: . tap . knua . To pound (rice) to remove the husk (plural): bi tap . possession Possession, property: ngan . pounde r Pounder , pestle: hla0 2 • post Describes manner of placing a pour post or stake in the ground : Describes manner of continuous .chu p. flowing or pouring: cdchit. House post : kmeh . Describes manner of sporadic flowing or pounding: chit chit. pos tage Postage stamp : tem. To make pour liquid: bi ru . To make pour something: bi tuh. postponing Describes manner of postponing To make pour water , to make things repeatedly : r�T r�T. wat er something: bi trah. To pour : b i tre, tre, tuh. pot: go. To pour (liquid) : ru . Cooking pot: go djam. To pour (plural) : b i tu h. Earthen pot : g o Ian. To pour water on, to water: Fancy water jar or cooking pot: t ra h. go 9ung . go esei. To pour , to sprinkl e (water ) Rice pot : (t i on a pl ant , or on clothes Small expensive metal pot: g o before ironing): bi kr ih, bi kang . pruih, krihl , pruih2•

Small fancy water jar or cooking power pot: go &e . Energy , physical force, power : ai , a i tie. potato: hbe i . Kind of long sweet potato having powerfu l white flesh: hbe i &Iang . Energetic , healthy , powerful , strong, vigorous : mdai. Kind of sweet potato plant : ana hbei elang, ana hbei mo , hrue To make energetic , to make hbe i tao. healthy, to make powerful , to make strong , to strengthen , to Sweet potato : hbei tao . make vigorous: bi mdai. Taro , kind of sweet potato : hbei mo. practitioner Native practitioner, shaman , pouch witch doctor : mjao. Tobacco pouch: hd ruom hat . To make become a shaman , to make become a witch doctor, pound to make become a practit ioner: Describes manner of stamping bi kbuTc . or pounding: phTk phrk . To make pound: bi tIe. praise To praise (kd someone): b i mn i , To pound (food) : tIe. mn i . To pound (rice) in order to whiten: hroh. pray To pray (kd to): kw�h . To pound (rice) in order to whiten (plural): bi hroh . To pray , to speak with spirits: wah lac. 221

To pray, to speak with spirits To make beautiful , to make ( pl ur al ): b i wa h 1 a c . pretty: bi siam. praying mantis: ktuop jong. priae: enoh. prefer priest To convince, to make prefer , to Catholic priest : ama Khop. persuade: bi klTng tTng . prinaess To prefer (kd someone, some­ Princess, daughter of rich thing): klTng dng. family (archaic ): hb ia. prepare prison To be prepared, to be ready: To place in a cage or enclo­ kapl . sure, to jail , to imprison: To prepare, to make ready: bi kra, krlt. kap, mkra. To place in a cage or enclo­ To prepare, to make ready (plu­ sure, to jail , to imprison ral): bi mkra . (plural ): bl kra, bi krt!. preserve prisoner: mna. Preserved with salt, refriger­ ated (of food ): hdap. probabZy Maybe, probably: chTn dah. To preserve with salt , to re­ frigerate (food) : b i hdap. probZem: ka i . press prod To mark by pressing heavily on: Ki nd of sharp prod for con­ ktur. trolling elephant : kuh eman. To mark by pressing heavily on ( plur al ) : b I k t u r . produativ e Fertile, fruitful , productive , To press content s of in order prolific : .yum . to make more compact : bi san , san2• Productive, thriving : jlng. To press down: ga2 , g�. To make fertile, to make fruit­ ful , to make productive, to To press down (plural ): bi . ga, make prolific: bi yum. b i g�. To make fruitful , to make pro­ To press down contents of in ductive: bl jing , bi mboh. order to make more compact: jeh. To press down content s of in progressive order to make more compact (plu­ To be ... -ing, progressive ral): bi jeh. aspect: dok. pretend proZ ifia To pretend: cong nga. Fertile, fruitful , productive , prolific : . yum. To pretend to be or do some­ thing: bi nga, nga. To make fertile, to make fruit­ ful , to make productive , to pretty make prolofic: bi yum . Beautiful , pretty: mt ih2, slam. proZonged Pretty, handsome (of human ): Long (of time) , prolonged: su i. kltat. To beautify, to groom , to make promise pretty, to make handsome: bi To not do something, to refuse kltat. to, to promise not to: ka t, kat hman . 222

To not do something . to refuse To pry with a lever (plural ): to . to promise not to (plural): b i k�l . bi kat . bi kat hman. puddle To promise : suan . Puddle. water flowing or stan­ To promise (plural): b i suan . ding on ground surface : �a khat . prop To prop. to support : dra. puB Cut off. pulled off (of To prop. to support (plural ): branches and leaves ). separated b i dra. (of obj ects which belong to­ To use (something) to prop (ti gether ): ktlah. something). to use (something) Describes manner of dragging to support (ti something ): b i or pulling a long object along dra. the ground : hua hua . prope ZZor: dhiar . Pulled out: ksue. Pulled up (of pants. shirt. property skirt): ks�k. Inherited property. inherited money: kTr. To bend . to pull down : yut. Much inherited money . much in­ To bend . to pull down (plural ): herited property: do kTr, ngan b i yu t. kTr. To cut off. to pull off Po ssession. property: ngan . (branches and leaves ). to sep­ arate (objects which belong prostitute together ): bi kt lah, bi mtlah, Prostitute. whore: mni� ed. bi tlah, mtlah, tlah. To extract . to pull out (tooth) : protect buTe . To cover in order to protect (plant . fruit. etc.): pam , pram . To extract. to pull out (tooth) (plural ): bi buTeo To cover in order to protect (plant . fruit. etc .) (plural ): To grasp and pull oneself up bi pam, bi pram. on a turning bar . tree branch. etc .: yuot. To protect: dongl. To grasp and pull oneself up To protect. to shelter: bi on a turning bar . tree branch. mgang , mgang . etc . (plural): bi yuot. proverb To jerk. to pull suddenly: bi Poem . proverb : klei du�. kdj ak, kd jak, kplak. To jerk. to pull suddenly (plu­ pry ral): bi kplak. To pry open: k�h . To make (someone ) grasp and To pry open (plural): bi k�h. pull himsel f up on a turning To pry open (usually small ob­ bar . tree branch. etc.: bi jec t): kil. yuot. To pry open (usually small ob­ To make bend. to pull something ject) (plural): bi kil. down : b i yut. To pry uP . to raise with a To make pull a trigger : bi tak. lever: 8�1 , bi k'k�ng , k'k�ng . To make pull tight . to make To pry uP. to raise with a beat (thread) in weaving: bi lever (plural ): bi s�l . pdk . To pry with a lever : k�l . To pull: soh , ktung. 223

To pull (cotton) through a km&e Pumpkin fruit: boh plei . to soften it before spinning & Pumpkin plant : hrue boh plei, thread: p e. hrue plei. To pull (cotton) through a km�e to soften it before s¥inning punah thread (plural): bi pee . To make (someone) punch some ­ To pull (plural ): bi &oh, bl thing with his fist : bi tUk. ktung. T� funch with one 's fist: thll, To pull (trigger): b I md IlIh, tu k . md lllhl , takl. To punch with one's fist (plu­ To pull back, to withdraw (fore­ ral): bi thll, bl tUk. bl klat. skin): punatual To pull out of the ground, to On time, punctual : a r i , arc. uproot : buTe, ru. To make (someone ) be on time , To pull out of the ground, to to make (someone ) be punctual : u�root (plural ): bl buTe, bl bi itri, bi itrc. ru'. pure : �ng e h l . To pull out , to withdraw (mdn g from) : bl sue, sue . Clear , pure (of liquid): ngac. To pull tight , to beat (thread ) Pure water: �a ngae. in weaving: pdk . To make clear , to make pure , To pull up (garment ): bl hyal , to purify (liquid): bl ngae. bl hyal, hyal , hyal. purify To pull up (load on one's back To make clear, to make pure, which has slipped down too low) : to purify (liquid): bi ngac. b I hylln , hylln . To purify: bi �ngeh. To pull up (one's pants, shirt , silk . skirt): purpose To pull up (one 's pants, shirt , Objective , purpose, reason: skirt) (plural ): bi sllk. kle l3, kl langl. To pull up (pants, shirt , skirt): Purpose, use: klei dlln. b i ks Ilk . purse pulp Large bag, purse: bal. Having much tough pulp (of �yan ): bi �dJao. pus : �nah2 . Tough pulp of �yan which is Having much pus : bl �nah. 2 used for scouring: �djao . Pus from ear infection: tTk. pulsating push Describes pulsating , throbbing Pushed apart, spread apart : pain: auk auk. kwa2. pump To make (someone) push some­ Tyre pump : pom. thing gently with any part of his body except hands : bi peh , To crank, to pump: bi kwa , kwa l. b i ping. To pump up with a tyre pump : To make push : bl tiling. pom . To make 'push up something from To pump up with a tyre pump : below: b I till . b I pom. To push : bl kl�, bi tun , bl pumpkin: plei . t ling, kid, k I � , t I ling, tun, t ling . 224

To push (hong against ) : an. To put on, to wear around one's arm or leg : bu h 1 . To push (hong against) (plural ) : b i an. To put on, to wear around one's arm or leg, to put on someone To push (plural) : b i kl d. else's arm or leg: b i bu h. To push apart, to spread apart To put on, to wear around one's (fence , sides of basket in order neck: bak. tc: increase capacity): bi kwa , wa . To put on, to wear around one's neck, to put on someone else's To push apart , to spread apar t neck: bi bak. (fence, sides of basket , in order to increase capacity) python (plural): bi wa . Python , very large snake: tlan. To push aside with one's hand: aga ih, bi ga ih, bi mga ih, mga ih. To push gently with any part of one 's body except hands: peh, Q ping. quack To push up (mound of soil) from Describes manner of a chicken 's underground (of plant ): ru. clucking, of a duck 's quacking: chap chap. To push up (mound of soil) from underground (of plant ) (plural): Describes manner of a duck's b i ru. quacking : cap cap, kap kap.

To push up from below : t�l . quaHfied Able, impressive, self-confi­ put dent , well-qualified: knam. To make put something down , to make set something down : bi To make able , to make impres­ I �h . sive, to make self-confident , to make well-qualified: bi To put down , to set down : I�h. knam . put away question: klei emuh. To put away : pioh . Yes-no question marker: md. To put away (plural): bi pioh. quick put on Describes manner of movin� To put on (garment covering quickly or suddenly: chTp . groin, loincloth, skirt ) (kd someone ) : b i &a r . Describes manner of shooting quickly through the air: char, To put on (shirt , upper gar­ chTr, chdr . ment ) (kd someone): b i hd8 . Fast , quick: djal . To put on , to wear (garment covering groin, loincloth, quiet: kr i ep . skirt): &a r. Describes an action's quiet­ To put on, to wear (pants, ness: dje dje. ring , shoe): cut. Describes manner of working To put on , to wear (pants, alone quietly or slowly: khe ring, shoe) (plural): bi cut . khe . To put on, to wear (shirt , up­ Peac eful , quiet : edap enang . per garment ): hd8 . Qu iet , serious, sullen : ehTt &hTt. 225

To make quiet , to make serious, To rake together: hwar, ka r. to make sullen: bi ehTt ehTt. To rake together (plural ): bi To quiet: bi kriep. hwar, bi kar.

ram To ram with a long obj ect : R sok' . To ram with a long obj ect (plu­ A letter of the Rhade alphabet , ral): bi sok. R: rcJ. rape gox . rabbit: pa i . To rape: To rape (plural ): bl g8. raft Bamboo raft : akT, kT. rareZy Rarely, seldom: amao 4ei tuom rag : mna I. oh. rain: hjan. rat Describes approac hing rain: am Mouse, rat : k'kuih. am. ra t trap : grTp. Drizzle, light rain, shower : hlTm. Wooden rat trap : kap. rattan : hw ie2• rainbow: k�n kro. Rattan plant : ana hw ie. rainy Cloudy and rainy: bi knam. raveZ Dry, not rainy (of weather): Raveled, unstrung, removed khong . from a hole, withdrawn : ksoc. To ravel (thread), to unstring, rai8e to remove from a hole, to with­ To lift , to raise: kdjong . draw : bi ksoc , soc . To lift , to raise (plural): bi To ravel (thread), to unstring , kdjong . to remove from a hole, to with­ To make (someone) raise his draw (plural): bi soc . hand : b i ycJr . raw To make high, to raise: bi 4ang, Raw, uncooked : mtah'. bl m4ang . To make raw, to make uncooked: To pry up, to rai se with a lever: bi mtah. 4u l, bi k'kllng , k'kllng. To pry up, to raise with a lever razor (plural ): bi 4111 . Razor blade: lam' . To raise (animal ): rong. reach tcJl . To raise (animal) (plural): bi Able to reach: rong. To make able to rea ch: bi tcJl . To raise (one's hand): bi ycJr , To make reach: bi ycJr . ycJr . To make reach something : bl To raise one edge of (shirt , kp lin . blanket , etc. ) (plural ): bl kplln . klllk. To reach: To reach for: bi ycJr , ycJr . rake: gie hwar. To reach into : hwak. 226

To reach into (plural): bi hwak. reaover Healed, recovered , well : hlao. read To heal , to make recover , to To mak e read : bi dlang . console: bi hlao. To read: dlang, ktue2 • red: hrah. To read (plural): bi dlang , bi ktue. To make red: bi hrah. readi1.y refrigerate Difficult to , not easily, not Preserved with salt , refriger­ readily (as in su i joh 'diffi­ ated (of food ): ho'ap. cult to break, not easily To preserve with salt, to re­ broken' ): sui. frigerate (food) : bi ho'ap. Easily, readily (as in djal joh 'easily broken'): dja1 . refu se Garbage, refuse, waste paper : ready djahl. To be prepared, to be ready : To not do something, to refuse kapl . to , to promi se not to : ka t, To prepare , to make ready : bi kat hman. kap, mkra . To not do something, to refuse To prepare, to make ready (plu­ to , to promise not to (plural): ral): b i m k r a. bi kat, bi kat hman. To refuse (something being re­ rea� turned by a borrQwer ) because Correct , real , right , true: 5 Tt . of damage : bi ms&, ms8.

rear regret Back part , rear: tlu&n. To make regret : bi s�h. Rear room of house: 8k. To regret (kd something ): hlllok, hlllok hlll iam. reason Objective, purpose, reason: To regret (ko' something ) (plu­ klei3, kl iang1• ral): b i hill ok .

rebound regretfu�: s�h. Bouncing , rebounding, released Regretful for having loaned from tension (as of flipped something : s8ng . rubber band): kdah. Regretful for having loaned To bounce, to make rebound , to something (plural ): bi sang . release from tension: bi kdah. regu�ation reaeive Regulation, law, custom: klei To have to receive , mu st re­ bhian. ceive: bi mao ma o To rec eive: mao ma o re �ationship Relationship of a child with reaognise a certain adult in the commun­ To make (someone) recognise ity, similar to godchild-god­ (hong someone , something): b i parent relationship. A yun is knal. identified by his ability to pacify the baby when it is To make recognise someone: bi crying: yun. kra I. To recognise: knal, kral. re�ax To make relax , to make rest : To recognise (plural): bi kral. b i mde i . 227

To relax , to rest : mdei . To remove (that which adheres ): pu ih. re lea8e To remove (that which adheres) To bounc e, to make rebound , to (plural ): bi pu ih. release from tension: bi kdah. To remove the clothes of, to To release, to turn loose: tha. undress: bi aIling, bi IlIng , bi To release, to turn loose (an­ mlu n. imal ): bi pring, pring. To remove water from a pool to To release, to turn loose (plu­ catch fish: sac �a . ral ): bi t ha. To remove water from a pool to catch fish (plural ): bi sac �a . re ly To rely (kef on) : bang, bi bang , To remove , to ta ke off (gar­ bi mbang , mbang . ment ): bi kle h, bi lao, bi toh, kIehl, l a o l, toh. To rely on: knang. To remove , to take out : e l � C l . To rely on (plural): bi knang . To shell (corn)� to remove from remain a cluster: pleh To remain: at dOk. renew To remain, to stay : dok. To make new , to renew: bi mr�o. remember repair To remember: bi hdefr , hdefr . To fix, to repair: mkra. remind To fix, to repair (plural): bi To remind (kef of) : bi hdefr. mkra. remove repay Raveled, unstrung , removed from To repay, to return : tang 1. a hole, withdrawn : ks8!. To repay , to return (plural): To make remove something, to bi tang . make take something out : bi el�!. repeat Describes an action's being To make shell corn, to make repeated again and again: mTI remove something from a cluster : mil . b i pI eh . To make repeat : bi hlue. To move aside , to remove : bi iiah, bi fie, bi se, bi sCI, fiahl , To repeat after : hlue. fie, se, sCI, slt. repre8ent To move aside , to remove (plu­ To represent : bi ala, bi hr8. r al ): b i s It . To ravel (thread) , to unstring, reque8t to remove from a hole, to with­ To ask for , to request: ak�o , draw: bi ksoc , soC . rTng. To ravel (thread) to unstring, To ask for , to request (plural ): to remove from a hole , to with­ bi ak�o , bi rTng . draw (plural): bi s8!. To ask that , to request : mta. To remove: tah. To ask that , to request (plu­ To remove (foreign object from ral): bi mta. wound): keeh. To ask to do something , to To remove (foreign object from request to do something: alum. wound) (plural): bi keeh. To make (someone) ask for some­ To remove (plural) : bi tah. thing, to make someone request something: bi ak�o . 228

To make (someone ) ask someone Rhade el se to do something , to make Member of the Rhade tribe : (someone ) request someone else �e�. to do something: bi alum. rhinoaeros : �meh. resemb�e To make resemble someone, to rib: klang gru'h. make take after someone: bi tui. riae To resemble, to take after: tui. Broken (of husked ric e) : bh�c. reserve Cooked rice: �sei . To have in reserve, to have on Crust of cooked rice: kr ip. hand: bi mgdng, mgdng. Granary, small storage house reservoir for rice: hj i�. Dammed water reservoir near a Husked rice: braih. spring: pin �a . Kind of rice: k� . re sin: ca i, hlTn ju. Kind of rice plant : ana k� . respeat Kind of rice storage container Particle expressing respect : ah. made from hollow dry squash: mlue. To respect: lua gu o Lowl and rice field: 102• To respect (plural ): b i 1 ua gu . Mountain rice field: hma . rest Rice bag: klung2 • To make relax, to make rest : b i mde i . Rice flour : amldk. To make rest, to make sleep, to Rice hu sk: akam2• make stay overnight : bi eam. Rice plant : phun md i�. To relax , to rest : mdei . Rice porridge : bur. To rest, to sleep, to stay over­ Rice pot : g o �sei . night : eam1• Rice straw: adrang. restrain To cook (rice) : kna. Able to restrain oneself from arguing, eating, etc.: � an . To cook (rice) (plural ): bi kna. To make (someone) restrain him­ self: b i an . To eat (rice) : hua . To restrain oneself from eating, To eat rice: hua. arguing, etc.: an. To eat rice (plural ): bi hua . retarded To go around (rice field) to Retarded, stupid: mgu . search for signs of intruders: t i r. To make retarded, to make stu­ pid: b i mg u. To harvest ( rice) by cutting the stalk: wia. return To harvest (rice) by cutting To go home , to return: . wTt . the stalk (plural): bi wia. To repay , to return: tang1• To harvest (rice) by stripping To repay, to return (plural): the grains from the stalk: bi tang. apu&t . To return: bi .wTt. To harvest (rice) by stripping the grains from the stalk (plu­ revo �ver ral): bi apu&t. Revolver gun : rdwolwer . 229

To hu sk (rice) . to shell (nut . To make very bitter (eggplant . seed . etc.): �ip, k� ip. rice wine): bi dh iek. To husk (rice) . to shell (nut , Very bitter (of eggplant . rice seed, etc.) (plural): bi cip, wine) : dh iek. b i k� i p. Yeast used in producing rice To make eat rice: bi hua. wine: kpei2. To make go around a rice field mdrong . to search for signs of intru­ rich: ders: bi tiro To make rich: bi md rong .

To make harv est rice by cutting ride the stalk: bi wia. To ride (an imal ) fast. to drive To make wash rice: bi p8� . (vehicle ) fast : mt io. To not break (rice) into pieces, To ride (animal ) fast , to drive to not hroh (rice) : b i hlu8m . (vehicle) fast (plural ): bi mt iO. To plant (ric e) : buh2. To plant (rice) (plural ) : b i buh. right Correct , exact, right: kla. To pound (rice) in order to whiten: hroh. Correct , real , right , true: s Tt . To pound (rice) in order to whiten (plural): bi hroh. Direct. exact. right . true: d 0 I. To pound (rice) to remove the j husk: tapl . Exactly, right: duih. To pound (rice) to remove the Exactly. right (as in 'right husk (plural): bi tap. there' ): klu, pial . To turn (rice drying in the Right (mdng from) (as in 'right sun): bi kraih, kraihl. from there'): mil. To wash (rice) : ep8� , p8� . Right (side) : hnual . To wa sh (rice) (plural ): bi Ruled right in an argument : epoe. ga 13. Unhusked rice: md ie. Ruled right in an argument (plural): bi gal . Unhusked rice grain among husked rice: hng8. rim Used rice mash for wine: cua. Edge. rim: gaol . Whole (of husked rice grain): Rim (of basket . cup , jar, etc.): hlu8m. 9 rio. rice wine ring : kdrah. Bad tasting (of rice wine): Ring fi nger : k4 i eng cut kdrah. tr�ii. Bitter and sour (of eggplant , ringing rice wine): dh iam. Describes manner of a bell's ringing once: keng , teng. To drink rice wine from a ser­ ies of ceh: mnam ring. Describes manner of a bell's ringing repeatedly: keng keng , To drink rice wine from a ser­ teng teng . ies of ceh (plural): bi mnam ring. Describes manner of a small bell's ringing : riak riak. To make bitter and sour (egg­ plant . rice wine): bi dhiam. Describes manner of a tele­ phone' s ringing : reng reng . To make taste bad (rice wine): b i tr�ii . 23 0

ringworm fish wrapped in leaves) (plu­ Having much ringworm skin dis­ ral): bi kdum. ease: bi ruih. rock Ringworm, kind of skin disease: Rock, stone: boh t�o. ru i h. Scale from ringworm : kmhe ruih. rocking Rocking, shaky, unsteady : rinse ahong ahTng . To rinse: lail. roB To rinse (plural): bi lai. Roll of tobacco wrapped in dried banana bark: niem. rip To make (someone) roll some­ To rip outXy , to untangle, to un­ weave: sec. thing in his fingers: bi mn ir. To rip out , to untan�le, to un­ To roll : b i k lung. k lung 1 • weave (plural): b i sec . To roll in one's fingers: mn ir. ripe : ksa. To roll in one's fingers (plu­ ral): bi mn ir. Mature, ripe: khua. To roll up: klTt2• To make ripe, to ripen : bi ksa. To roll up (plural ): bi kl Tt. ripen To make mature, to ripen : bi roof: gapl. khua. Overhang part of roof exten­ To make ripe, to ripen : bi ksa. ding beyond walls: kyang gap. To thatch (roof) : ataml . rise To climb , to rise: 4T. To thatch (roof) (plural ): bi atam. To make climb , to make rise : bi aT. room : adul• river: ea krong. Front room of house: gahl. River mouth: mbah. Rear room of house : ok. riverbank root: agha. Beach, coast, riverbank, shore: Having many roots: bi agha. hangl. To make (pig) root : bi cUk. roach To root in (of pig, etc.): cuk. Cockroach: tak2• Kind of very large roach having rope: klei2• long antennae: kpr iap. rot road To make rot , to make spoil: bi Path, road , street : elan . bru. roast rotten To roast on or under hot coals: Rotten , spoiled: brul . am. rough: kruk krTk. To roast on or under hot coals (plural): bi am . Rough, not slick, not slippery: hii . To roast under coals (meat or fish wrapped in leaves): kdum . Rough, uneven : 4hang 4hTng . To roast under coals (meat or To make rough, to roughen: bi ekii. 231

To mak e rough, to roughen, to running make uneven: bi kruk krTk. Running (of machine, motor, etc.): ktc1ngl. roughen To make rough, to roughen : bi To be running (of machine, �ka . mo tor , etc.): - yang . To make rough, to roughen , to push make uneven : bi kruk krTk. To hasten, to make hurry, to make ru sh: bi djal. round: wTI . Round object: bohl .

To make round: bi wTI . s row s To make row, to make paddle : bi A letter of the Rhade alphabet , wah. S: sc1. To row, to paddl e: wahl . saak rub Bag , pocket , sack, wrapped ob­ To rub hard: kdhong . ject: kdung. To rub hard (plural ) : b i kdhong . saapifiae To rub hard, to scrub : kroh. Kind of sacrifice in which animal blood is brushed on To rub hard, to scrub (plural ) : someone: pih. b i kroh. To sacrifice (oneself) for To rub lightly: �nat. something or someone: sanl. To rub lightly (plural): bi �nat. To sacrifice (oneself) for To rub with one 's finger, to something or someone (plural ): scratch with one's finger : kt leh. b i san. To rub with one 's finger, to To sacrifice a chicken in order scratch with one's finger (plu­ to bring success to or to save ral): bi-ktleh. from illness: �wat. To rub , to scratch (one's body ) To sacrifice a chicken in order (hong against): adhl, bi adhi , to bring success to or to save bi kdhi, kdhi. from illness (plural ): bl �wat. To sacrifice to (elephant ) by rubber : ksu . pouring liquid on: tuh. Rubber band: ksu. To sacrifice to (elephant ) by pouring liquid on (plural): bl Rubber tree: ana ksu . tuh. run �nguot . Overflowing, running over: sad: �gaol. To make sad, to sadden: bi �nguot . To disappear , to escape, to get out , to run away: �ue. sadden To make disappear , to make es­ To make sad, to sadden: bi cape, to make get out , to make �nguot . run away: bi �ue. kim. To make run: bl �ran. safety pin: To run: �ran. sativa : �a bah. To run over (of vehicle): bi hra. kt it, kt it2• saLt: 232

Preserved with salt, refriger­ To say (in traditional meta­ ated (of food) : hdap. phoric style only) (plural ): To make salty, to salt : bi &a t, b i due. bi msTn. To say (something) (kd about , To preserve with salt, to re­ hong to): b I u. frigerate (food) : bi hdap. To say one thing but insinuate .. something else: blu bi hmJ . &a t, mS ln. sa "lty: To say , to talk: lal. To make salty, to salt: bi &at, bi msTn. To say , to talk (plural ): bi I al. same To say, to tell : yal . Alike, same (si as) : mse. To say , to tell (plural ): b i At the same time , simultaneous: ya1. meram. Equal , same (in thickness, not scab : kmhe1 • length): m4dr . scale To make co-occur , to make happen Fish scale: k'kaih. at the same time, to make sim­ bi meram. Rooster comb , erect scales ultaneous: along spine of dragon or dino­ To make equal , to make the same : saur : kmang2• b i mildr . Scale from ringworm: kmhe ruih. sand : luah. scalp: kl Tt ko . sandal scarf Sandal , thong, zori: klTt jua. Headscarf: lhiam djhJk . sap scatter Having much sap: bi ktak. To scatter: rah. Tree sap: ktak. To scatter (plural ): bi rah. Saturday: hrue nam. To scatter , to throw on the ground: bi srai, hrai , srai. save To scatter , to throw on the To keep , to save: bi mkap, bi bi hrai. mkuom , mkapl , mkuom, pioh. ground (plural ): To keep, to save (plural): bi schoo l: sang hra. pioh. To attend school , to study: hriam hra. saw: anua. To saw: ua2• scissors: ktr ei. bi ua. To saw (plural ): scorpion: aguat. say scrape To announce, to say, to tell: Abraded, cut superficially, hu'n. scraped (of skin): klhok, klok. To announce, to say, to tell klhok bi h�n . Abrasion, cut , scrape : (plural ): k ITt. To make say something, to make To abrade, to cut superfici­ speak: bi b I u. ally, to scrape (skin): bi To say (in traditional meta­ kl h8k, bi klok. phoric styl e only) : due2 • To scrape, to scratch: k'kuah. 233

To scrape, to scratch (plural) : To screw, to unscrew (a screw) : bi k'kuah. kt lt. To screw, to unscrew (a screw) scratch (plural ) : bi kt It. To claw, to scratch with one 's kuac. fingernails: scribble To claw , to scratch with one's To scribble on: kac 1 . fingernails (plural): bi kuac. To scribble on (plural ) : b i To make (chicken) scratch away kac . dust or dirt from sitting place on ground (chicken): b i pu I . scro tum Scrotum (of animal ): plam, tlu. To make (chicken) scratch rice out of a basket: bi praih. Scrotum (of human): pIe.

To make claw, to make (someone) scrub scratch something with his To rub hard , to scrub: kroh. fingernails: bl kuac. To rub hard, to sc rub (plural ): To make scratch something with bi kroh. force: bi troh. To rub with one's finger , to scythe : kga. scratch with one 's finger: kt I eh. sea Ocean, sea: ea ksT. ksT. To rub with one's finger , to scratch with one's finger (plu­ seal ral): bi kt leh. To seal (envelope ): �I irl. bi To rub , to scratch (one 's body) � I i r, b i m� I I r, m�I I r . (hong against): adhi , bi adhi . To seal closed (diseased eye) b i kd hi , kd hi. (of disease, etc.): bi prato To scrape , to scratch: k'kuah. sealed To scrape , to scratch (plural): Sealed closed by dried secre­ b i k'kuah . tion (of diseased eye) : prato To scratch (rice) out of a bas­ ket (of chicken) : praih. search Looking for a rare object , To scratch (something) with searching for a rare object: force: trohl. m�hiet. To scratch (something) with To look for, to search for force (plural ): bi troh . (rare object): �hlet, bl ehiet , To scratch away (dust , dirt) bi m�hlet. from sitting place on ground (of chicken): pul . season: yan.

To scratch with one 's hand: section k'ku aih. Section cut from a whole: To scratch with one 's hand kd r�c . kha. (plural): bi k'kua ih. secure screaching To brace, to clamp , to secure Describes manner of screaching between two long objec ts, to of brakes: k'krdt . app11 splints to: bi krap, krap . screw : nut. To secure, to tighten: sim. To make screw something, to To secure, to tighten (plural): make unscrew something, to make b i slm. turn on something: bi kt it. 234

aee To sell (plural ): bi chT, bi To dream about , to imagine , to mn ia. see in one 's mind: bi &uh. To see: 9uh. send To send : mc1Tt. asar. seed: To send (dog) after �ame : bi Bean seed: etak. chTp, bi mchTp, chTp , mchTp. Seed for planting : mj ehl. To send (plural): bi mc1Tt. seine separate Long fish net , seine: nual. Cut off, pulled off (of branche s and leaves) , separated sel-dom (of objects which belong to­ Rarely, sel dom : am�o eei tuSm gether ): ktlah. ... Sh. Describ es manner of being ap�rt separated , not touching: sel-eat trlng l . To choose, to pick out , to sel­ ect : ruah. To alienate (someone) (hong from) , to separate (someone) To choose , to pick out , to sel­ (hong from) : b i mtah, mtah2• ect (plural): bi ruah. To cut off, to pull off (bran­ To choose, to pick out , to sel­ ches and leaves ), to separate ect, and claim as one's own : (objects which belong together): kuan. bi kt lah, bi mtlah, mtlah, tlah, To choose, to pick out. to sel­ bi t I ah. ect , and claim as one's own To make odd , to make uneven, (plural): bi kuan. to separate: bi hI ie. To make choose something, to To place apart , to separate: make pick out something , to b i r ling . bi ruah. make select something : To separate (newly dyed thread hung for drying) : traih. sel-f Oneself: aset pS, ase i m lei To separate (newly dyed thread ... pS. hung for drying) (plural) : bi t ra i h. sel-f-aonfident Able, impressive , self-confi­ September: mlan dua pan. dent , well-qualified : knam. serious To make able , to make impres­ Excessively carefree, not sive, to make self-confident , mldng. to make well-qualified: bi knam . serious, happy-go-lucky: Quiet , serious, sullen: 9hTt sel-fish &hTt. kh�c, kl ih, ra . Greedy , selfish: Serious, silent : khTm. Greedy , selfish (plural ): bi kl ih, bi ra. To make excessively carefree, to make not serious, to make bl mldng . sen happy-go-lucky: To �o to sell, to peddle (ex­ To make quiet, to make serious, pensive object such as vehicle, to make sullen: bi &hTt, 9hTt. animal , etc.): aghan. To make serious: bi khTm. To mak e go to sell something , to make peddle something: bi serve aghan. To dish up, to serve: jhok, tuah. To sell: chT, mn ia. 235

To dish up, to serve ( plural ) : shading: eyu i . bi jhok. To make dish up something , to shadow : mngat 1. make serve something: bi tuah. Shade , shadow: eyui. sesame To shade, to make a shadow on: Sesame plant : ana enga, ana bi bang , bi eyui . engu . shake Sesame seed: enga, engu. To make ( elephant ) shake its shoulders: bi ktah. set To make put something down, to To make shake, to make tremble: make set something down : bl I�h. b i ydng . To make sit down, to set down: To shake : b i k4�t , eyuh. b i dok. To shake ( plural ) : b i eyuh. To put down, to set down : I�h. To shake its shoulders ( of un­ To set ( trap) : a�c . tamed elephant ) : ktah. To set ( trap) ( plural ) : bi 8�C. To shake out the contents of: ktuh, ktuh eyuh. set fire To shake out the contents of To burn, to light , to set fire ( plural ) : bi ktuh. to: cUh. To shake, to make tremble: bl To burn, to light , to set fire kt Ii. to ( plural ) : bl cUh. To shake, to move ( liquid) , to To light , to set fire to : cuh make bump ( vehicle on rough pu i . road) : bi tlong tl�t. kt�, settZe To shake, to tremble: To settle, to solve ( dispute) : ydng . phat2• shaking To settle, to solve ( dispute ) Describes manner of shaking ( plural ) : bl phat. out clothes : prTk prTk. kjuh. Shaking ( of vehicle on bumpy seven : road) : k4�t . severed Shaking , moving ( of liquid) , Describes manner of being com­ bumping ( of vehicle on rough pletely cut off, severed: khuk road) : tlong tl�t. khuk. shaky sew Rocking , shaky, unsteady: To sew: j h r t . 4hong 4hTng . ( ) bi jhTt. To sew plural : shaman Native practitioner, shaman , sex mj ao . Female human sex organ : khung . witch doctor: To make become a shaman , to shade make become a witch doctor, to Shade, shadow: eyui. make become a practitioner : bi kbu T Co Shaded: ang. To shade : bang . share To share ( food, drink) : b i To shade, to make a shadow on: mj ang , jang, mj ang . b i ba ng, b i eyu i . ( ) ( ) bi ang. To share food, drink plural : To shade, to shelter : b i j a ng . 23 6

sharp: .dng 2, mta2• To cover, to shelter (plural ): Sharp pointed: knur. bl pang , bl prang . To protect , to shelter : bl sharpen mgang , mgang . asah, bl . �dng , bi To sharpen: bl ang . madng , bl mta, madng2 To shade , to shelter: To sharpen (plural): bl asah. shieLd: khl I. To sharpen to a point : bi knur, thung. cur. shin: To sharpen to a point (plural ): ship bi cur. Boat , ship: h� . shave shirt: ao. To shave: kuoih. To pull up (pants, shirt , To shave (plural ): bl kuoih. skirt ): b I ksllk .

To shave (someone else's face ): shivering bl kuolh. Cold and shivering : srlk. she To make cold and shivering: bl He, she, it: iiu. sri k.

sheath shoe: hd ruom jdng . Sheath (of banana , coconut , etc.): hmok. shoot Bamboo shoot : ebung. Sheath of knife or sword: hruh . Describes manner of elephant 's Sheat h of sword: hrum2 • shooting water from its trunk: To make a sheath for : bl hrum. sruah sruah . Describes manner of elephant 's sheep: blap. shooting water from its trunk or drinking: suah. sheer Thin and sheer : djh�k . Describes manner of shooting quickly through the air: char, To make thin and sheer: bl chTr, chdr . djh�k. Having many shoots (of bamboo): sheLL bl ebung. Bark, outer covering , shell : atleng . atok. Shoot from bamboo node: To make shoot out : bl broh , bl Husked, shelled: ke lp. kbroh. To husk (rice), to shell (nut , To shoot (a target , not a seed, etc.): elp, ke lp. weapon) : mnah. To husk (rice), to shell (nut , bl clp, To shoot (a target , not a seed, etc .) (plural): weapon ) (plural ): b I mnah. bi ke I p. To sho ot high, to throw high: To make shell corn, to make bl chllr , bl mchllr , mchllr . remove something from a cluster: bi pleh. To shoot low, to throw low : bl . e ap. To shell (corn) to remove from a cluster : pleh ! To shoot out (of food being cooked in bamboo tUbe): broh1 sheL ter To cover, to shelter: pang , shore prang 1. Beach, coast , riverbank, shore: ha ng 1 • 237

Beach, coast , shore: hang ksT. shred To make ( someone ) shred: bi short: . aut. reh. Short ( in height , length ) : tdt . To shred: reh. Short in height : bier. shrimp : hdang. To become short: bi bier. To make short , to shorten: bl shy: aguam, guam . aut, bi bier, bi maut, bi tdt , Ashamed, shy : h�n. maut. Shy ( plural ) : bi aguam, bl guam. shorten To be ashamed, to be shy (kd To make short , to shorten: bi toward ) : h�n ml�o. aut, bi bier, bi maut, bi tdt , maut. To make ashamed, to make shy: bi h�n , bi h�n ml�o. shot To make shy : bi aguam . Ammunition, bullet, shot: boh phao. sick: engoh. Shot out : kb roh. Sick ( plural ) : bi engoh. shou�der: mra. To be sick, to get sick: b I duam , duam . To carry on one's shoulder: klaml , klam. To make sick: bi duam. To carry on one's shoulder ( plu­ To make sick, to make weak, to ral) : bi klam. weaken: bi mdj u, mdju. To make ( elephant ) shake its To make sick , to weaken: bi shoulders: bi ktah. dju. To make ( someone ) carry some­ sick�e : mn ia. thing on his shoulder : bi klam, b i klam. Bent portion of bamboo sickle handle: gu kga. To shake its shoul ders ( of un­ tamed elephant ) : ktah. side : djieo. shout Division, part , portion, side , To make shout , to make yell : bi zone: kd riek. drieo, bi ur, bi ur ahie k, bi Part , side: nah. u r d r I eo . Side ( body part ) : gr�h. To shout , to yell : drleo, ur, ur ahlek, ur d r i eo. To carry on one's side: bi �ieng , �ieng. To shout , to yell ( plural ) : b i drieo, bi ur drieo. To make to one side of the target ( arrow, bullet , or some­ shove� thing thrown) : bl nah. Shovel , spade : pel . To one side of the target ( of arrow, bullet , or something shoUJ thrown ) : nah2 • To make look at , to make observe , to make watch, to show: bi dlang. side -by-side To show: bi �uh, bi edah. To align, to place side-by­ side: riap. shoUJer To align, to place side-by­ Drizzle, light rain, shower: side ( plural ) : bl riap. hlTm. To shower: hJan �huk. 8ideUJa�k: djieo elan. 238

(Jift To sink : bi klun. To sift �1 shaking from a bas­ ket : kpe l . sip To sip: djup. To sift by shaking from a bas­ ket (plural ): bi kpei . sister Older and younger brothers and sigh sisters (of female): adam ad el , To make sigh: bl mhdi h. d am d ei . To make sigh while sleeping: Older and younger brothers and bi kdrao. sisters (of male): ayong adei . To sigh: bi mhdi h, mhdi h. Older sister , one's child-in­ To sigh while sleeping: kdrao1 • law's mother (older), cousin : one 's mother 's daughter (older), silent one 's father 's brother 's Serious, silent : khTm. daughter (older) : amai. Younger brothers and/or sis­ silver: kmrak. ters: di a dei. simultaneous Younger brother , younger sis­ At the same time, simultaneous : ter , one 's child-in-law's par­ m"'ram. ent (younger), cousin: one 's mother 's sister's child (youn­ To make co-occur , to make happen ger ): adei . at the same time, to make sim­ ultaneous: bi ma ram. sister-in-law Brother-in-law : one's younger sinae sister's husband, sister-in­ Beginning , from, out of, since, law: one' � younger sister's starting : dang mang , mango husband: Ie., Since ... anyway : mgha hong , Sister-in-law: one 's younger mghap hong , mkap hong . brother 's wife: i& mn i�. sing sit Pleasant (of singing), eloquent To incubate, to sit on (egg): (of speaking): wa i2 kram . To make (someone ) sing in tra­ To make incubate, to make ditional Rhade style (extempor­ (bird) sit on its eggs: bi aneous figurative duet): bi k�t . kram . To make sing: bi m'muin. To make sit: bi sun deSk. To sing : m'mu in. To make sit down , to set down : To sing (plural ): bi m'muin. b i deSk. To sing in traditional Rhade To sit (ti on): d eSk, sun deSk. style (extemporaneous figurative To sit (ti on) (plural): bi duet): k�t . sun deSk. To sing in traditional Rhade To sit down : deSk gu tlal. style (extemporaneous figurative duet ) (plural): bi k�t . To sit motionless, to sit still : deSk pIT. singe To singe: cUh. To singe (plural): bi cuh. skillfu l: mbrua. sink Clever , skillful : knhao. Sinking: klun, kngam , kdram. Skillful at catching , skillful To make sink, to sink : bl kngam, at shoot ing (of a cat , a mouse ): bi kdram . &mat. 239

To make clever, to make skill­ stap ful : bi knhao. Describes manner of slapping: phap. To make skillful : bi mbrua. Describes manner of slapping To make skillful at catching , repeatedly: phap phap. skillful at shoot ing: bi emat. To hit , to slap: pahl, plat. skin: kl Tt1• To hit , to slap (plural): bi To cut off (bark), to skin pa h, b i p I at. klak. (sugarcane): To make hit something, to make To cut off (bark) , to skin slap something: bl plat. (sugarcane) (plural ): b i k I ak. To make hit , to make slap: bl pah. skin disease Having a kind of skin disease hlun, hlun mna, kId. causing itchy, smelly white stave : spots: bi mlum. To enslave: bi hlun.

Having much itchy, scaly skin steep disease: bi lak. To make rest , to make sleep, Having much ringworm skin dis­ to make stay overnight : bl eam . ease: bi ru ih. To make sleep: bi mpTt, bi pTt, Kind of itchy, scaly skin dis­ mpTt. ease: lak. To rest, to sleep, to stay Kind of scaly, itchy, watery overnight : eam1 • skin disease: krin2. To sleep: pTtl. Kind of skin disease affecting To talk in one's sleep, to talk underside of buffalo and cow: when delirious: bi mblu. kac2• Kind of skin disease causing steeve : apal. itchy, smelly white spots: amlum, mlum. stice To butcher, to cut , to slice: Ringworm, kind of skin disease: ta 12. ru ih. To butcher, to cut , to slice To have a certain skin disease (plural ): bl tal. which causes small watery blis­ ters and commonly affects only stick children : bi male, male. Rough, not slick, not slippery: �ka . skinny Skinny, thin: �wang. Slick, slippery: �bdr . To make skinny, to make thin: To make slick, to make slip­ bl �wang. pery : bi �bdr . skirt stide To pull up (pants, shirt , To make slide: bi ksak. skirt): bi ksllk. To slide: ksak. To put on (garment covering groin, loincloth, skirt ) (kd stiding someone): b I aa r. Describes manner of sliding, sl ipping: srak srak. To put on, to wear (garment covering groin, loincloth, stime skirt ): aa r. Slime, algae: nina. 240

slippery sma ttpox: cut. Rough, not slick, not slippery: eka. smart Slick, slippery : �bdr . Smart , wise: kh�m. To make slick, to make slippery: To make smart , to make wise: b i �bdr . b i kh�m. slipping smash Describes manner of sliding, To break into small pieces by slipping: srak srak. beat ing, to crush, to smash: keam. sli ther To break into small pieces by To slither : hrung . beating, to crush , to smash plural : bi keam. To slither ( plural ) : bi hrung . ( ) stope smeal' To make crooked , to incline, to To drip liquid on, to smear slope: bi shTng , bi klTng , bi liquid on with one's finger: mshTng, mshTng. bi mdJah, mdjah. stoping smett Crooked , inclined, sloping: Bad smell , stink ( especially, shTng , kl Tng. a fishy smell) : anghir. Disgusted by an u p easant stoppity smell : bi knu�, kn�ue.� Describes manner of being slop­ pily dressed: nham nham . Smell of urine : khdr , khdr . Smelling: &030. t�n. stow: To make smell something: bl Describes an action's being &030. slow: yi/ yi/. To smell: &030. Describes an action's slowness: krTt krTt. smite Describes manner of working To make smile: bi tlao &hun . alone quietly or slowly: khe To smile: tlao ehun. khe. Slow and heavy : ktro ml0. smi ting Describes manner of grinning, To make slow: bi sui, bi t�n . smiling : tdh i k. stowgrowing smoke: aSapl . Weak slowgrowing child ( slang) : �sa i kpre. Smoked to the finish ( of pipe tobacco) : sah2 • sturping To smoke ( tobacco) : djup. Describes manner of slu�ping: srip srip. To teach (kd someone ) to smoke ( something ) : bi djup. sty To be cunning, to be sly: smooth x Flat , level , smooth: lirl . mnee 1 • To make cunning, to make sly: To flatt en , to make flat , to bi mn�e. level , to make level, to make smooth, to smooth: bi lir. smatt To make smooth, to smooth ( a Little, small: 4i�t. round edge , as that of bowl , To make little, to make small: glass) : tual , tuat. bi si�t, bi ms l�t, m4 1et. 241

To make smooth. to smooth (a soap : keu I. round edge . as that of bowl . glass) (plural ): bl tual, bl soccer tuat. Soccer field: tae e�ng boh. To hit (ball) with one 's head snail- in playing soccer: .tul. Kind of black water snail : abaol • bao. To hit (ball) with the side of one's head in playing soccer : Kind of land snail: ela. ang iah. snake : alaI. To make (someone) hit the ball with his head in playing soccer : Kind of poisonous snake having b I tul . bright coloured bands: krak tang. To make (someone ) hit the ball with one side of his head in Python. very large · snake: tlan. playing so ccer : bi angiah. snap soft Describes manner of a fish's Describes very soft noise: ch�c. jumping or snapping at bait : chop. Limp. soft . wilted: kdJuat. To make take a mouthful . to Soft (of fruit . vegetable): p� . make snap up something: bi To make limp . to make soft . to kblam. make wilt : bi kdjuat. To snap up: kblam. To make soft (fruit. vegetable) : b i p� . snarl- run Snarled. tangled: g2• soil- To snarl . to tangle : bi rung . Earth. soil : Ian. To loosen (�oil) around the sneeze base of a tree: ru. To make sneeze: bi abhan, bi bhan . To loosen (soil) around the base of a tree (plural): b I ru . To sneeze: abhan. bhan. To push up (mound of soil ) To sneeze (plural): bi abhan. f�om underground (of plant): b i bhaii. ru. sniff1-e To push up (mound of soil) To breathe in. to inhale. to from underground (of plant ) make sniffle: bi hr ip. (plural): bi ru.

To breathe in. to inhale. to sol-dier: khan. sniffle: hrlp. sol-e sniffHng Sole of foot : pia .J<1ng. Describes manner of sniffling : srip srip. so l-ve To settle. to solve (dispute): snore phat2• To make snore: bi anghar. To settle. to solve (dispute) To snore : anghar2 • (plural ): bl phat. snout: amung l• some A few . a little. some : .a . soak To make soak something: bl tram. someone To soak: tram. qne . someone: arang. 242

sometimes: tap nang . Space under house: krum. Occasionally, often, sometimes: khang2. spade Kind of bamboo spade : knih. somewhat Shovel , spade : p e l. A little, somewhat : �ia �Ia. span son Fathom� sfan of outstretched Daughter, son : anak. arms: epa . son-in-Law: mtao &kei. Span from elbow to finger tip: heh. Daughter-in-law, son-in-law: mtao1• Span from shoul der to tip of opposite outstretched arm: &hok. soon: lim. Span from thumb to middle soot: u&. finger : kgam. sooty: u&. Span from tip of thumb to tip of index finger : k�U 2 . To make sooty: bi u e. . spark Le sore To brighten, to make bright , Sore ( of throat) : bram. to make sparkle: bi mklaT. Sore on buffalo caused by an gac. sparkHng insect bite: Bright , sparkling: kmlaT. sort Kind, sort , type: mta1• sparrow: clm hrai. spa the Banana flower, banana spathe : m'mong2 , mong o sound To make ( tiger ) make a certain sound: b i pe p, b i p T p . speak Describes manner of speaking To make a certain sound ( of hoar sely: �r& �r&. tiger) : pep, pTp. Pleasant ( of sin ging) , eloquent ( ) wa l2. soup: sup. of speaking : To make say something , to make sour: msam. speak : bi b I u . Bitter and sour ( of eggplant , To speak (kd about , hong to , rice wine) : dh iam. with) : blu. To make bitter and sour ( egg­ To speak (kd about , hong to , plant , rice wine ) : bl dh iam. with) ( plural ) : bi blu. To make sour : bi msam . To speak metaphorically: bi hrI &ng . south: yu . spear: kj u. sow To sow: rah, srai. spend ( ) bi rah, bl Describes manner of spending To sow plural : srak srak. srai. money fre ely: To spend ( money) on useless space things, to waste ( money) : bi Ditch, gully, s face between two Ie, b iIi e. troh . mountains : To spend money (kd on) for up­ keep: tuh jia. 243

To spend money (kd on) for up­ To spit out (plural ): bi al�, keep (plural ): bi tuh jia. bi keeSc , bi kCuh. spendthrift spite Spendthrift , wasteful : jTr. Although, even though, in spite of: kha ... he . spew To make spew out : bi prulh. splash To make splash something: bi To spew out : pruihl . saC. I To spew out (plural): bl pru h. To make splash water : bi sae To spew something out at : pruihl . eaA . To splash: sac ea . spiay Hot or spicy and bitter (of egg­ To splash (plural ) : bi sac eaA . plant , certain wild fruits, To splash with sac. etc .}: hdrl. water : To splash with water (plural) : Hot , spicy: hang . b i sac. To make ho t, to make spicy: bi hang . spleen: la. spider: wak wa i. splint Spl ints, any long objects Kind of long-legged spider : yin between which something is d long jdng. braced or clamped: gie krap. spin To brace, to clamp , to secure Spilled: &roe . between two long objects, to applr splints to : bi krap, To spill: bi broe , bi hok , bi krap . kt lll, hok, ktlil. splinter: dreSk, kd ro k. spin dar. Spinning : split: kb I ah. To go around, to spin: dar. Cracked by heat , split by heat : To spin: bl dar, bi mdar, mdar. keang. To spin (toy top) : eah2 . Crack, split: e:a. To spin (toy top) (plural ): bi Having many cracks , having &ah. many splits: bi e:a. Split open : kb l ang. spinning wheeZ: krue2 . Split open or apart but still spirit attached: khllk1 • Ghosts, spirits, supernatural To chop, to split (plural ): bl beings in general: ksdk mt�o. blah. Ghost, spirit: kSdk, mt�o2. To crack by heat , split by To pray, to speak with spirits: heat : b I keang . wa h laC. To split: bi kblah, blah , car. To pray , to speak with spirits To split open: bl kblang . (plural): bi wa h lac. To split open or apart but not spit completely detach: bi khllk . b i To" make spit something out : e. spoil Rotten , spoiled: brul. To spit out : al �, kceSc , kcuh. Spoiled: md: i h. To spit out (children's speech) : �2 244

To make rot , to make spoil: bi sprinkle bru. To pour , to sprinkle (water) (ti on a plant , or on clothes To make spoil: bi md: ih. before ironing): bi krih, bi pruih, krih1, pruih2. spool: bUI. sprout spoon: awa k. Bean sprout : etak . cat. spot To make sprout: bi pluh. Mark, spot: gru. To sprout : pluh2. spouse sprung Deceased spouse's successor To be sprung , to be tripped (relationship of one's present (of trap, gun , etc.): dl�hl spouse to one's deceased spouse): nu�L squash: edak. spread Gourd plant , squash plant : Pushed apart , spread apart : kwa2 . hrue boh giet, hrue giet. To make (someone ) spread apart Gourd, squash fruit: boh gi�t. a cut or long opening : bi p�c. Kind of rice storage container To push apart , to spread apart made from hollow dry squash: (fence, sides of basket in mlu e. order to increase capac ity): Squash plant : hrue edak. b i kwa , kwa . To push apart , to spread apart squat (fence, sides of basket , in To make squat : bi jhoh , bi order to increa se capacity) kj hoh . (plural ): bi kwa . To squat : jhoh , kj hoh . To spread apart (cut , long open­ ing): p�c . squeeze To make (someone ) squeeze some­ To spread apart (grass, hair, thing in his hand: bi kpit. etc.): bi tlak, tlak. To squeeze contents out of, To spread everywhere , to spread to wring: dj i et. all over: bi tar. To squeeze contents out of, To spread out: bi mblang, lang , to wring (plural ): bi dj i�t. mbl ang, siap2 . To squeeze in one's hand: kpit. To spread out (plural) : bi lang , bi siap. To squeeze in one's hand (plu­ ral): b i kp it. To spread out in order on a surface: riak. squirrel To spread out in order on a Mongoose, squirrel (?): prok. surface (plural): bi riak. stab To spread to dry in the sun: To make stab something: bi tlo. �"hu , rang1 • To stab : t I o. To spread to dry in the sun (plural): bi e&hu, bi rang. To stab (plural) :. bi tlo. spring stairs: enan. Spiral spring: lor sor . stake Spring (season): yan mnga. Describes manner of placing a To spring, to trip (trap, gun, po st or stake in the ground: etc.): bi dl�h, md l�hl. chup. 245

staZk To begin* to start : bi c8. bi Stalk of bananas: amung2 • mphun, · co . mphun. To make stalk somethi ng : bi lua. To make begin. to make start : b i c�. To stalk: lua. ( ) bi ydng . To stalk ( plural ) : bi lua. To start machine : To start ( machine. motor. etc . ) : stamp bl ktdng . Postage stamp : tem. startte stampede Startled: kdjat. To make stampede: bi rung . To startle: bl kdjat. bi ph�c . ph�c . stampeding: rung'. To startle by touching: kcut. stamping To startle by touching ( plural) : De scribes manner of stamping or b i kcut . pounding: phTk phfk. To startle into flight ( animal ) : stand bi pruh, pruh . To get up from lying position, to stand up: gu kga. startling Describes manner of being To make get up, to make stand awakened suddenly or startling­ up: b i kgu. ly: phar, phur. To make stand on tiptoe: bi Describes manner of several djhdt , bi kdjhdt . persons ' being awakened sudden­ To make stand up: bl ddng. ly or startli ngly: phur phur. To make steep , to stand upright, Startling and frightening: to make vertical : bi ddng, bi mrTm. mddng , mddng 1. To make startling and fright ­ To stand on tiptoe: djhdt . ening : bi mrfm. To stand up: ddng. stationary To stand up ( bamboo pole bearing Stationary. still: kehd. kong dar): drong2• To make stay stationary. to To stand up (bamboo pole bearing make stay still : bi kdhd. kong dar) ( plural ) : bl drong. stay star: mtu. Describes one's staying a long time: mo .mo , re .re, rll'T rll'r . star fruit: boh �mh ia. Describes one's staying a long Star fruit tree : ana �mhla. time and forgetting the time : bro bro. stare To make rest . to make sleep. To make stare: bi klan, bi klan to make stay overnight : bi eam. ala. To remain. to stay : dok. To stare : klan, klan ala. To rest. to sleep . to stay To stare ( plural ) : bi klan, bl overn ight:eam1 • klan ala. stay up start To make stay up late: bi krong . Beginning, from, out of. since. starting: ddng . mdng •.md ng . To stay up late: krong 1•

steady Describes manner of walking up 246

stairs or mountain with steady To make way , to step aside: paces: ch�p ch�p. tlak elan. To hold steady , to hold still: To make way, to step aside bi kr�ng, kr�ng. (pl ural) : bi t I a k e I an. To place something under the To st ep : �huang . leg( s) of in order to make level jua. or steady: aliI . To step on: To place something under the stick leg(s) of in order to make level Adhering , sti cking together : or steady (plural): bi a�l . t I Tp . Bar , pole, stick: gie. steal, Stealing frequently: kne. Cane , walking stick: gie dra. Stealing frequently (plural) : Chopstick: gie d�h. b i kne. Drumstick, tambourine stick: To make steal : bi kne, bi tIe, mnoh , pnoh. bi tIe hwak. Metre stick: met. To steal : tIe, tIe hwak. Stick of wood with one end a glowing ember: klui� pui. steam To steam in a native steamer : To adhere , to st ick: �I Tt, bi hul , hul. Quom . To attach with glue , to stick steamer (something) on: �I irl, bi �I ir, Upper part of native steamer b i mI.li r, m& I i r . made of squash: kb in. To make adhere, to make stick steep together : bi tlTp. Inclined, steep: kng�. To stick (something) (ti on): Steep, upright , vertical : d�ng. bi mI.lIt , bi mauem , mI.lIt , mQuem . To incline, to make steep : bi kng�. To stick (something) (ti onto): b i e I It , b i QU om . To make steep, to stand upright , bi d�ng , bi to make vertical: stick out md�ng , md�ng 1 • To make (someone) stick out his tongue : bi I ial . stem Base of plant stem, base of To stick out (one 's tongue): tree trunk : phunl. Iial . Petiole , stem of leaf or fruit : &l lt, Quem. akuep. sticky: Plant stem: gra nl . stiu: at, adok. But still, even though : d�n at . step To help step, to help walk: bi Describes manner of remaining �huang . motionless, still: tdmdng. To help step, to help walk, to Stationary, still: kah�. make step, to make walk: bi To hold steady , to hold still: m�huang, m�huang . b i k r �n g, k r �n 9 • To make step on something: bi To make stay stationary, to jua. make stay still: bi kah�. To sit motionless, to sit still: dok pIT. 247

8titt: kwllng . 8topper Cap, cork, plug, stopper : akat. 8ting Sting , �tieger ( of bee, scorpion, 8torage ho u8e etc . ) : enulc. Granary, small storage house for rice: hj Ie. To sting: duic. 8torey 8tinger Floor, storey: tall. Sting, stinger ( of bee, scorpion, ) enurc. etc . : 8tove To place on a stove : bl drong . 8tink drongl . Bad smell, stink ( especially, ) anghir. a fishy smell : 8traight: kpa. 8tir Bent, crooked, not straight : To make cloudy, to make unclear we. ( ) by stirring up liquid : bi puk. To go directly , to go straight : pUk2 • klah. To stir repeatedly: bi kc�. kc�. To go directly, to go straight To stir with one 's hand: poh. ( plural) : bi klah. To stir with one's hand ( plural ) : To make straight, to straight­ b I poh. en: bi kpa. To make use a rUler , straight 8tomach edge, etc . in drawing a straight Belly, stomach: tian. line: bi treh. 8tone To use ( ruler, straight edge, Rock. stone: boh t�o . etc . ) in drawing a straight line: treh. 8toop Bent . stooped over: gu2• 8traighten To make straight , to straighten: Bent , stooped over ( of human ) : b i kpa. go. To make bend over , to make stoop 8train over ( human ) : bi go. To bear down or strain in defecat ing or giving birth: 8top aran. krun. Stopping suddenly ( of person) : To make bear down or strain in ngok. defecating or giving birth: bi To detain, to stop: bl kdng, aran . bi krun. kdng. 8trangLe To make wait , to stop : bi mgu&n . To strangle: kd lan. mgu&n. To strangle ( plural ) : bi kd lan. To stop ( someone ) : bi ngok. To stop, to make wait : bi guon . 8traw Drinking straw, pipe, tube: 8tOp up 4rng . To cap, to clog, to close, to Rice straw : adrang . plug, to stop up: akat, bi akat . To clog, to stop up: bi dal . 8tream : ea hnoh.

8topped up 8treambed: hnoh. Clogged, stopped up: dal . 248

street Firm, strong , not easily broken , One-way street: sa hdra �Ian. hearty, not easily killed: rang 2. Path, road, street : �Ian. Hard, strong: khang 1 • 8trengthen Strong ( of wind) : ebu1 • To harden, to make hard, to make strong, to strengthen: bi khang . Strong, tough : nuet. To make energetic, to make To harden , to make hard, to healthy , to make powerful , to make strong, to strengthen: bi make strong, to strengthen , to khang . make vigorous: bi mdai. To make energetic , to make To make firm, to make hearty, healthy, to make powerful , to to make strong, to strengthen: make strong, to strengthen, to b i rang . make vigorous: bi mdai. To make strong, to strengthen: To make firm , to make hearty, bi ktang . to make strong , to strengthen: b i rdng . To make strong, to strengthen , to make tough, to toughen: bi To make strong, to strengthen: nuet. bi ktang . To make strong, to strengthen, stretch to make tough, to toughen: bi Stretched ( of garment , rubber nuot. band, etc.) : ksua. To make expand, to stretch: bi 8trugg 7..e ksua. To compete for , to struggle for (hong with) : bi m'mh ia, bi To stretch out ( one's legs ) : mh ia, m'mh ia, mhia. anhudr. To stretch out ( one's own or 8tubborn someone else 's legs) : bi anhuer. Angry, stubborn: mrung mrdng. Cheating� disobedient , stub­ strike born: I,)lec I,)lar, I,)I�c I,)l ir. To make peck, to make strike ( bird, snake , etc.) : bi coh, bi stuck mcoh . To be completely obstructed, To peck, to strike ( of bird, to get stuck fast : auem tldl , snake, etc . ) : coho auem t I u I . To peck, to strike ( of bird, To get stuck: auem kdk , auem snake , etc. ) ( plural ) : bl coh , t I dk . bi mcoh . 8tudy To strike ( of lightning , or in To attend school , to study: Rhade , of gram 'thunder ' ) : 4 ahl hri am hra . To strike ( of lightning, or in Rhade , of gram 'thunder ' ) ( plu­ 8tuff r al ) : b i 4 a h • To cram in, to stuff in: sun. To make cram something in, to 8tring make stuff something in: bi sun. To string : hrfng. To string ( plural ) : bi hrfng. stumb 7..e To make stumble , to trip: bi 8tripe : gru�2 . kd luh, bi t�c hn&c . To step into a hole and stumble: strong: ktang . kd I uh. Energetic , healthy , powerful , To stumble : t�c hn�c. strong, vigorous: mdai. 249 stump T nurse, to suck ( of baby) : Stump of plant , stump of tree: mam� . kpdng . To nurse, to suck ( of baby) children 's speech : memo stung ( ) To cause to be stung: bi duic. To suck: Itloh , hrip, k�roh . To suck ( as throu h a straw or stupid from cloth : djap � . Retarded, stupid: mgu. ) To suck plural : bl Itloh. To make retarded, to make stu­ ( ) bi mgu. pid: sudden Describe s an action's being sturdy fast or sudden: plTp. Firm , sturdy : kjap. Describes manner of being To make firm, to make sturdy: awakened suddenly or start­ bi kj ap. lingly: phar, phur. stutter Describes manner of movin Stuttering : ngong ng�t . quickly or suddenly: chTp� . To make stutter: bi ngong ng�t . Describes manner of several persons ' being awakened sud­ sty denly or startlingly: phur phur. Sty on eyelid: ala kthiat. Stopping suddenly ( of person) : ngok . styZe To styl e ( hair) into a chignon: sufficient bi kltuk, kltuk. Enough, sufficient : djap3 . subject To make enough , to make suf­ Subject , topic : brua, brua knua . ficient: bi djap. submerge To immerse, to submerge: bi nu, mnu. sugarcane: kbao. To submerge in water ( animal , Sugarcane plant : phun kbao. person) : bl mngat. suitabZe succeed Appropriate, suitable: nang . To help succeed, to hel p win , To make appropriate , to make to make succeed, to make win: suitable: bi nang . b i d�i . su Z Zen successfuZ Quiet , serious , sullen: IthTt " Lucky , successful ( at hunting IthTt. or fi shing) : �gap2 . To make quiet , to make serious, To make lucky at hunt ing or to make sullen : bi IthTt IthTt . fishing, to make successful at hunting or fishing: bi egap. summarise To summarise: klah cun. successor Decea sed spouse's successor summer: yan bhang . ( relationship of one 's present spouse to one's deceased spouse) : summit nue. Summit, top: acong . suck summon • A A To make suck: bi djap , bi hrip, To call, to summon: gal l, I eo . b i kdroh . 250

To call , to summon (plural): bi something ), to use (something ) ga I, b i i &8. to support (ti something) : bi dra. sun: yang hru& . To spread to dry in the sun : sure D;fin�te, !or �ure : bi sTt, bi &&hu , rangl. Sit nlk, Sit nlk. To spread to dry in the sun (plural): bi &&hu, bi rang. surround To encircle, to surround: Sunday: hru& kam, hru& kJ uh. kwangl. To make encircle, to make sur­ superl,ative round : bi kwang . Very, the mo st , superlat ive: ed i, &dimi , &dimima. swal,l,ow To swallow: lun. supp l,y To supply: bi the, the. To swallow (plural ): bi lun. support swamp: tlung , trap . Bamboo floor support in tradi­ tional house: adrung . sweat Perspiration, sweat : �a ho . To guide, to support (child learning to walk) : bi cung, bi To make perspire, to make sweat: mcung, bi td, cung, mcung, td, bi kho , bi ko'ho . t 1I. To perspire, to sweat : khol , To guide, to support (child ko'ho. learning to walk) (plural ): bi t 1I. sweep To sweep : kih. To hold on to tightly, to sup­ port firmly (someone, something): To sweep (plural ): bi kih. dja kual . sweet: m'mih. To hold on to, to support (some­ one, something) : dja kdng, dja To make sweet , to sweeten: bi krdng . m'mi h.

To hold on to , to support (some­ sweet potato: hbei tao. on e, something) (plural ): b i dja krdng . Kind of long sweet potato having white fl esh: hbei &Iang. To hold tightly, to support one­ self firmly (ti on someone, Kind of sweet potato plant : something): dja kual . ana hbei &I ang, ana hbei mo , hrue hbei tao. To hold tightly, to support one­ self firmly (ti on someone, Taro , kind of sweet potato : something) (plural ): bi dja hbe i mo . kual . sweeten To hold, to support oneself (ti To make sweet , to sweeten : bi on someone, something): bi dja m'mih. krdng , dja kdng . To hold, to support oneself (tl swel,l, on someone, something): bi dja To cause a bl ister on, to make kdng. swell : bi buk. To prop, to support : dra. To cause to swell: bi bok, bi plao. To prop, to support (plural ): bi d ra. swim To use (something) to prop (ti To make swim: bi lu& &a . 251

To swim: I ue �a. To take back: sua . To swim (plural ): bi lu� �a . To take back (plural ): bi sua.

8wing: kl e i dung da i. take advantage Hammock, swing: �j a o . To take advantage of, to use (kd something, someone ): sual. To swing: bl dung dai, da l, dung dai. To take advantage of, to use (kd something, someone) (plu­ To swing (plural ): bi dal. ral): bi sua .

8wollen: bok, buk, plao2 • take apart To be swollen in many places: To make take apart something: bok, buk. b i tah. To take apart : bi tah, tah. 8word Long knife for fighting , sword: take off eao. To remove, to take off (gar­ ment): b i k I eh, b i lao, b i toh , 8ympathy kIehl, laol, toh. Pity, sympathy: klei pap. taking 8yphili8: trTng. Taking time to : hn�c . Taking time to (plural): bi hn�c . T ta lk t Describes manner of talkin� c� Ce o A letter of the Rhade alphabet , freely and profusely: T: tdl • Describes manner of talking to oneself: rnun rnun. Easy to talk with: emhac . taboo: kaml , klam2 , mlei . To say, to talk: lac. Opposite of taboo , acceptable : To say , to talk (plural) : bi ga 13. lac. Oppo site of taboo, acceptable To talk happily: bi ch�c, bi ( pl ur al): bi g a I . ch�n, Ch�c, ch�n. Taboo (of sex-related words): To talk in one's sleep, to talk agam. when delirious: bi rnblu. Taboo (plural ): bi klam. To talk much: mblu. To make taboo : bi rnlei . To talk, to have a short con­ versation: blu hrarn. tlun. tadpo le: To talk, to have a short con­ akul. versation (plural): bi blu tail: hrarn . take c� ·c�. To bring, to take : bi truh. talkative: bi rnsok, rna . Loquacious, talkative : To get, to take: rneok. To make get something , to make take something: bi rna . tall dlon gl. To take along: bi nao. Long, tall: To take an examination, to take tamarind a test: bi long . Tamarind fruit: boh erne. 252

Tamarind tree: ana eme. Too high , above the target (of bullet, arrow, or something tambourine : cing. thrown) : chu'r . Drumstick, tambourine stick: Too low, below target (of bul­ mnoh, pnoh. ��t arrow, or something thrown ): cap r Kind of big tamb ourine : chari. Kind of small tambourine: mdng. taro ebua . Kind of tamb ourine : hlong2 • Kind of small taro: Kind of small taro plant : ana Kind of tambourine which leads ebua. group: khdk . Taro , kind of sweet potato : Smallest kind of tambourine: hbe i mo . khi ek2 • taste tame To make taste bad (rice wine): Obedient , tame: sao. bi tr�n. To make obey, to tame : bi sao . To make taste something: bi To tame, to teach (animal): bi I eh. mllng . To taste: I eh2 • tangle kba . Snarled, tangled: run g2• tastetess: To make tasteless: bi kba . To snarl , to tangle: bi rung. tasting tank Bad tasting (of rice wine) : Military tank: edeh sar. tr�ii . tapping tax: j i a. Describes manner of quickly tapping or touc hing something To pay tax ( kd on , to) : tuh once: tfp. j i a. Describes manner of quickly To pay tax ( kd on, to) (plural ): tapping or touching something b i tuh j i a. tup. once with a large obj ect: V'l tea : ce , ea ce o Describes manner of quickly tapping or touc hing something Tea plant : ana ce. repeatedly: tfp tfp. teach Describes manner of quickly To tame , to teach (animal): bi tapping or touching something mllng . repeatedly with a large object : tup tup. To teach: bi hriam. To teach (kd someone ) to smoke target (something) : bi dj up. Direct , exactly on target: pha . To teach (someone, something) : To hit on target , to hit true: bi mto , mto. dj 0 1 . To teach to call chickens : bi To make (someone) miss his tar­ kruk. get : b i huoh. To teach to fly (young bird, To make to one side of the tar­ of old bird) : bi pring, pring. get (arrow , bullet , or something thrown): bi nah. teacher: na i . To miss one's target: huoh . tear To one side of the target (of To tear : bi kh iek, bi tf, hiek. arrow , bullet , or something thrown ): nah 2. To tear (plural): bi hiek. 253

To tear open: bi khak, hak. testicLe : boh mok, boh pIe. To tear open (plural): bi hak. Testicle (of animal ): asar plam. tease Testicle (of human): asar pIe. To tease: bi mngal , mngal. Thai: Siam . teLephone Describes manner of a telephone's thank ringing: reng reng. Thank you: lac jak. To thank : lac jak. te 7,7, To announce, to say, to tell : To thank (plural): bi lac jak. hlln . that To announce, to say, to tell That (far from speaker and (plural): bi hlln . hearer ): adih, dih. To let someone know something , That (near hearer): ananl, nan. to tell : bi mth�o, mth�o . To narrate, to tell: yal dl Ie. thatch : hlang. To narrat e, to tell (plural) : Bunch of thatch: anua. bi yal dl Ie. To thatch (roof): ataml. To say, to tell: yal . To thatch (roof) (plural ): bi To say, to tell (plural): bi yal . atam .

temper the Late: ayang. To temper (metal ): cuih. themseLves To temper (metal ) (plural): bi Each other, ourselves, them­ cuih. selves, yourselves (must be To temper with heat and cold ' followed by appropriate personal water: kll�ii . pronoun) : hdang .gap. To temper with heat and cold Each other, ourselves , them­ water (plural): bi kb�n . selves, yourselves (must be followed by appropriate plural temp Le pronoun): hdang2• Temple (body part ): amhdk , p�k. then tempt How about then? : Bi ejai anan? To tempt : bi mplll, mplll. Then (as in 'if ... , then . .. ,): kc1h . ten: pluhl• Then, at that time (past): ten-thousand: klak2 • hlak anan.

tense there : nah ad ih, ti dih, ti nan. To hold one's breath and tense one's chest muscles: aran . there are No , none , there are no , there To make (someone) hold his breath is no : am�o m�o ... oh. and tense his chest muscles: bl aran . There are, there is: m�o. termite : muor. there is No , none , the� e are �o, there amao. mao ... oh . test is no: Examination, test: klel bi long . There are , there is : m�o. To take an examination, to take a test: bi long. they : di nu . 254

thick : kpa I . thorn : erue. Thick, viscous : k91 T, . kat, . ko2 , Having many thorns: bi erue. t lit. To make thick: bi kpal. thoroughLy Completely, perfectly, thor­ To make thick, to thicken , to oughly : jum2 • make viscous : bi k9 1T, bi kat , b i ko , bi t lit. Completely , perfectly, thor­ oughly (used only in commands ): b i j um . thicken To make thick, to thicken , to make viscous: bi k91 T, bi ka t, t,hough b i ko , bi t ITt. Although , even though, in spite of: kha ... he . thicket But still , even though: d�n at. Thicket of ale bamboo: acue2 , cue. thou8and: eb�o . klak2 • thickne88 Ten-thousand: Layer , level , thickness: tall. thread mrai. thief: mnu ih tIe. Thread , yarn: To mak e pull tight , to make thigh: pha. beat (thread) in weav ing : bi pdk . thin Skinny, thin: ewang . To pull tight , to beat (thread ) in weaving : pdk . Thin (not thick): epih. To ravel (thread) , to unstring , Thin and sheer: djh�k. to remove from a hole, to with­ To make skinny , to make thin: draw : bi ksoc , soc . bi ewang . To ravel (thread), to unstring, To make thin: bi ep ih. to remove from a hole, to with­ draw (plural ): b i soc . To make thin and sheer: bi djh�k . To separat e (newly dyed thr ead t ra i h. thing : mtal. hung for drying): Objec ts, things: do do, . do ngan, To separate (newly dyed thread mndn g hnua, mndng mnua . hung for drying) (plural): bi traih. Object , thing : do, mndng. threaten think To threaten: aram , ar�m, ar�p , To make think : bi mTn. a nip a ram. To make think, to make figure To threaten (plural): bi aram, something out : bi tTng . bi ar�, bi ar�p , bi ar�p aram. To think (kd about ): bi mTn, To threaten to hit : ay�. mTn. To threaten to hit (plural): To think about , to figure out : b i ay�. dng 1. three: tl�o. thir8ty mhao. By threes! three :by-th� ee: bl To be thirsty: tl�o, mtlao, mtlao mtlao. bi mhao. To make thirsty: Three each, three apiece: mtl�o, mtl�o mtl�o. thi8 : ane i, nei. three-by-three thong kl Tt jua. By threes, thr ee-by-thr ee: bi Sandal , thong, zori : tl�o, mtlao, mtlao mtlao. 255

To make three-by-three : bi mtlao. tie To make (someone) tie the feet thriving of something: bi tl ing . Productive, thriving: jingo To make tie together roofing , wall , flooring , etc .: bi .sa. throat: ilok . To tie: bi cual , cap2 , cual . Sore (of throat ): bram. To tie (string , cord, etc.): To clear one's throat: aham , bi acue1, bi acue, bi mcu�, mcue. aham, cfham . To tie securely with plenty of To make (someone) clear his string: kran. throat : bi aham , bi cfham. To tie securely with plenty of throbbing string (plural): bi kran. Describes pul sating , throbbing To tie the feet of: tl ing. pain : �uk �uk. To tie together (roofing , wall , throw flooring , etc.): sa. To hurl, to throw: bhTr, hbTr, To tie together (roofing, wall, hraa, we. f�ooring, etc.) (plural ): bl To hurl , to throw (long object): sa . setng 1 • To tie up: aka, bi aka. To hurl , to throw (plural): bi bhTr, bi hbTr, bi hraa, bi we. tiger: em8ng. To make hurl , to make throw a Describes manner of tiger 's long obj ect: bi setng. eat ing : krup krup. To scatter, to throw on the Kind of tiger : �m8ng hue. ground : bi srai, hrai, srai. To make (tiger ) make a certain To scatter , to throw on the sound : bi pep , bi pTp. ground (plural ): bi hrai. To make a certain sound (of To shoot high , to throw high : tiger ): pep, pTp. bi chlfr , bi mchlfr , mchlfr . tight To sho ot low, to throw low: bi Tight , not leaking: sir. cap. To make pull tight , to make throw away beat (thread) in weaving: bi To discard, to throw away : hw i�l. petk o To discard, to throw away (plu­ To make tight , to make not leak : ral): bi hw i�. b i sir. To pull tight , to beat (thread ) thumb : kil i�ng ana. in weaving: petk o thunder: gram . tighten To make (someone ) tighten some­ Thursday: hrue .pa. thing by turning : bi sre. tick To secure, to tighten : sim. Tick (insect): pi�t. To secure, to tighten (plural ): b i s im. ticHe To tic kl e: 1 i e k . To tighten: bi hyua, hyua. To tickle (plural ): bi liek. To tighten (one's loincloth, belt): bi hyat , hyat. tick�i8h: m'mcfr . To tighten by turning: sr�. To make ticklish: bi m'mcfr . time : m'm8ngl. 256

Instance, time (as in 'how many To stand on tiptoe : djhdt . time s? ' ): b I i li, t a I 1 • toenail, On time, punctual: sr i, sro. Fingernail , toenail : k' kao . Taking time to : hn&c. together : mbft , mbft mbla. Taking time to (plural ): bi hn�c . Grown together (of bananas, to es, etc.): mtir. timid To gather, to place toge ther: Constantly afraid, cowardly, bi mbft . timid: blao. To group together , to place Tin together : bi alu. Can, tin: ato, thoa . To make grow together (bananas, Tin (metal): thao. toes, etc.): bi mt ir. With, together with: hong . tip Point , tip, top: eduk. tomato: trong d run. tiptoe Tomato plant : ana trong drun. Standing on tiptoe: kdj hdt . tomorrow: hrue mg i, mg i. To make stand on tiptoe : bi djhdt , bi kdjhdt . Day after tomorrow: aguah dih. To stand on tiptoe: djhdt . Tomorrow morning: aguah mg i.

tire tongue: e I a h • To fatigue, to tire : bi egah , To make (someone) stick out b i eman. his tongue : bi ! ial . tired To �tick out (one's tongue ): Fat igued, tired: egah, eman . I ia! .

to too For , of, to, toward: kd2 • Also , too : mdh2, mse mdh . Excessive , too, too much: 4e i. toad Kind of toad : adrok. tooth: ege i . toadstool, Somet hing in visible believed Fungus, mushroom , toadstool: to cause tooth decay: i eng . m'mao. toothbrush: gie chao eg ei . tobacco : hat. toothpaste: ksu chao eg ei . Dried cut tobacco: hat reh. Roll of tobacco wrapped in dried top banana bark: niem. Point , tip, top: eduk. To smo djup. Summ i t, top: acong . ke (tobacco): . Tobacco plant : ana hat, gran ha t. Top of car : amur, mur. Tobacco pouch: hdruom hat. Toy top: atuor. Upper part , top: dlong 2• toe Finger, toe, digit: k4 ieng . topic Standing on tiptoe: kdJ hdt . Subj ect , topic : brua , brua knua. To make stand on tiptoe : bi d j hdt , b i kd j hdt . 2 57 topple To make strong, to strengthen , Fallen down , ready to topple to make tough , to toughen: bi (of plant , tree) : kbru. nuot. To make fall down , to make top­ ple (plant , tree): bi kb ru. toughen To make strong, to strengthen , torah: k�ong . to make tough, to toughen : bi iiuot . torn: t T. toward: pha. To be t 0 r n: k hiek 1 • For, of, to, toward: kd'2 . Torn open: khak. towel: chiam. touah Describes manner of being apart , traator: traktd'r . separated , not touching : tringl. Describes manner of quickly tap­ trailing ping or touching somet hing once: Describes manner of being be­ tTp. hind or last , of trailing: djho djho. Describes manner of quickly tap­ ping or touching something once train: treng. with a large object: tup. To train (vine) to grow in a Describes manner of quickly tap­ certain position: bi drung , bi ping or touching something re­ md rung , mdrung . peatedly: tTp tTp. Describes manner of quickly tap­ transplant ping or touching something re­ To transplant : po. peatedly with a large object: tup tup. trap Bird trap: 9�i , aku2, akung, To be in contac t with, to touc h: k�ong. so" . Fish trap: hrok , k&uon. To make (someone ) touch some­ thing: bi ruoih. Kind of animal trap : gung, kho , krong2. To make (someone) touc h some­ thing with his index finger: bi Rat trap : grTp. toe. To make (someone ) place a trap To make touc h something unin­ or net into the water: bi traih. tentionally: bi tul . To move (bird trap) from one To place (something ) in contact place to another: po . (hong with) , to touch (something) To pl ace (trap, net ) into the (hong to ): b i 5�. water : traih. To place one's hand on, to touch: To set (trap) : e �e. ba, ruoih. To set (trap) (plural ): bi 9�C. To pl ac e one's hand on , to to uch (plural): bi ba , bi ruoih. Wooden rat trap: kap. To touch unintentionally: . t u l . treat To touch with one's index fin­ To cure, to give medicine to , ger: toe. to treat : bi md rao, md rao. To touch with one's index fin­ To treat using native remedies bi toe. (of shaman, witch doctor, ger (plural ): practitione r): keu Tc . tough Strong, tough: nuot. tree: kd'yao. 258

Ar ea of tree trunk rubbed bare To shake, to make tremble: bi by an animal 's scratching: kr inl. k til. Base of plant stem, base of tree To shake , to trembl e: ktil. trunk: phun1• .ydng . ana boh &ung . Coconut tree: tribe Coffee tree: ana kph& , ana ph&. Member of the Cham tribe: Cam. Dead tree: ana kdyao kro. Member of the Chru tribe: �ru. Edible white fl ower of a kind Member of the Jarai tribe: of small tree: mng�i . J ra i . Fallen or felled ( no longer Member of the Koho tribe: Kh02• hnuor. upri ght ) tree: Name of a tribe living south Kind of palm tree : ana mnang . of Banm& thuot: b i .h. Kind of small tree bearing trigger edible white flowers: ana mng�i . To make pull a trigger: bi tak. Kind of tree: ana arul, ana To pul l ( trigger ) : bi mdl�h. asan, ana hyam, ana hyao. ana md l�hl . takl . k!Jrul, ana kdjar, ana kpang , ana plang. Tr er ( of crossbow, gun , etc . ): �§�. Kind of tree bearing edible mnec fruit: ana boh k�n . ana knok. trip Kind of tree bearing edible To be sprung , to be tripped white flowers: ana kne. ( of trap, gun , etc . ) : dl�hl . Kind of tree bearing spiny fruit: To make stumble, to trip: bi ana kneh, ana m'm it. kd luh, bi tH hn�c . Kind of tree having very hard To spring , to trip ( trap, gun , red heartwood: ana ktdng . et c . ): bi d I �h , md I �h 1 •

Kind of tree having white wood: troubLe ana !JIang. Dissension, trouble: roh gah. Kind of tree usually infested with caterpillars: ana ejuar. trousers Pants , trousers: chum . Kind of tree whose branches are ana atang . used in sacrifices: true : nik. Kind of wild tree bearing edible Correct, real , right , true: egg-shaped fruits: ana mdox . 5 T t. Lemon tree: ana boh krue c�n, Direct, exact, right , true : ana krue c�n. djol . Lychee tree: ana erang . To hit on target, to hit true: Orange tree: ana krue. djol .

Plant , tree: ana2• trunk Pomelo tree: ana boh kr.ue dung . Area of tree trunk rubbed bare by an animal 's scratching: Rubber tree: ana ksu. kr i n 1 • Star fruit tree: ana emh ia. Base of plant stem, base of Tamarind tree: ana eme. tree trunk: phu n1 •

Tree sap: ktak. trust To believe, to trust (kd in ) : trembLe �ao. To make shake, to make tremble: b i ydng . To bel ieve , to trust (kd in) ( plural ) : bi &ao. 259 tru thfully To turn over , to turn wring Honestly, truthfully: bi kia, side out : bi mb liil. b i kpa. turn on try To mak e screw something , to To try: long. make unscrew something, to make turn on something: bi kt it. tube Drinking straw, pipe, tube: To turn on: kt it. GTng . To turn on (plural ): bi kt it.

Tuesday : hrue dua. To turn on (radio): pOk2 • To turn on (radio) (plural): tumor b i pok. Kind of growth or tumor on no se: tong. turtle Kind of flat turtle: kpa . turbulent Describes turbulent wat er in Kind of large turtle : krua. stream rapids : bluk bluk. tusk turkey : ada2• Elephant tusk, ivory: mla. Desc ribes manner of a female Fan§ , tusk (of wild pig): chicken or turkey's calling her griang . young: krok krok . Having many tusks, having many Describes manner of a female fangs, having sharp tusks , chicken or turkey's clucking: having sharp fangs: bi griang. kok kok. twig adhan , dhan. turmeric: eya . Branch, twig: Ginger plant , turmeric plant: twist phun eya . To twist : bi wit, wit. turn To twist (rope) : bi kuT, kuT. To alternate, to take turns: To twist, as in string making : pI eh 1 . b 1ft. To make (someone) tighten some­ To twist, as in string making thing by turning : bi sre. (plural) : b i biT t. To make (someone) turn his head to the side : bi anga ih, bi two : dua. ang ier. By twos, two -by-two : bi dua, To make alternate, to make take mdua , mdua mdua. turns: bi pleh. Two each, two apiece: mdua. To make turn: bi dai. two-by - two To tighten by turning : sre. By tw os, two-by-two : bi dua , To turn (one's head) to the mdua, mdua mdua. side: angaih, angier. To make two-by-two : bi mdua. To turn (page) : bi klu'k, klllk. type To turn (rice drying in the Kind , sort , type : mta1 • b i k r a i h, k r a i h 1 • sun) : To type: kcoh . To turn against, to turn over: bi kcoh. b I i if. To type (plural ): To turn left , right , etc .: dai2• To turn over: bi bl iii, mbliil . 260

u To make unclear : bi blang blap. u To make unclear (liquid): bi A letter of the Rhad e alphabet, k I kal . U: u. Unclear (of idea, meaning) : blang blap. A letter of the Rhade alphabet, Unclear (of liquid) : k'kal. 0: u. uncombed Messy , uncombed, unkempt (of A letter of the Rhade alphabet , hair) : kri . t1: Ill . uncon8ciou8 Unconscious due to illness: A letter of the Rhade alphabet , bi k'ilhak, ki'ihak. iJ: iil . uncooked Raw, uncooked: mtahl. uh • Uh I 2 • To make raw, to make uncooked: bi mtah. umbreLLa: adu2• under unafraid Below, under : t i gu . Brave, fearless, unafraid: j hong , krllh . Space under house: krum. To make brave, to make fearless, To make (someone) place some­ to make unafraid: bi jhong , bi thing under something else: bi krllh . sun . To place under something else: uncertain sun. To be uncertain (kd of) : eingl. To be uncertain (kd of) (plu­ underneath ral): b i e i ng . Lower part, underneath: gu o under8tand uncLe Aunt : one's mother 's older Clear , easy to understand (of brother 's wife , uncle: one's speech, sound! etc.): kIa, mother's older brother : awa. klang2 , kraih . Aunt : one's mother 's younger Obey, understand (poetic use): brother's wife, uncle: one's ea2• mother 's younger brother : ami�t. To make (someone) understand: bi sang . Uncle: one's father 's older brother, one's mother's older To make clear , to make easy to sister's husband : aprong , understand : bi kIa, bi klang, aprong eke i. bi kra ih. Uncle: one's father 's younger To understand : sang2• brother, one's mother 's younger sister's husband: mnehl. undi8 turbed Uncle: one's mother 's older To leave undisturbed, to leave awa �kei . untouched, to leave virginal : brother: bi hrong . Uncle: one's mother 's younger am i�t �kei. Undisturbed, untouched , vir­ brother: ginal : hrong . uncLear To make cloudy, to make unclear undre88 bi puk, To remove the clothes of, to by stirring up (liquid): bi aIling , bi IlIng, pUk2 • undress: b i ml un. 261

uneven unmindfu l Odd, uneven ( of number) : hI ie, Careless, unmindful : sr�h . klah. To be careless with, to be un­ Rough, uneven : 'hong 'hTng . mindful of: bi sr�h . bi To make odd , to make uneven: unoccupied kl ah. !ree' unoccu ied! not busy : To make odd, to make uneven , enang 2 , hmaor , wa n. to separate : bi hI i�. To make free, to make unoccu­ To make rough , to roughen, to pied, to make not busy: bi wan. make uneven : bi kruk krTk. unproduc tive unfo �d To make unproductive , to make Open, unfolded ( of flower , leaf, unfruitful : bi kla. etc . ) : blang1• Unproductive , unfruitful : kla. To be open , to be unfolded ( plu­ ral ) : b I a ng 1 • unripe Green, unripe : mtah 1 • To open , to unfold: bi blang. To make green, to make unripe: unfriend�y bi mtah. Disagreeable, unfr iendly: roh. unscrew Disagreeable, unfriendly ( plu­ To make screw something , to ral ) : bi ro h . make unscrew something , to make Unfriendly, not getting along turn on something : bi kt it. well (hong with : bi kh�c . ) To screw, to unscrew ( a screw) : k tit. unfruitfu� To make unproductive , to make To screw , to unscrew ( a screw) unfruitful : bi kla. ( pI ural ): b i k tit.

Unproductive, unfruitful : kla. unsteady Rocking, shaky , unsteady: 4hong unhappy 'hTng. Angry, disagreeing , unhappy: coYA_n. To make unsteady: bi ky�l . Angry, disagreeing , unhappy Unsteady ( of bird , aeroplane, ( plural ) : bi coi L etc.) : 'ing 'ang . Unsteady, not rest ing firmly unhusked on its base: ky�l . Unhusked rice: md ie. Unhusked rice grain among husked unstring rice: hngo. To ravel ( thread) , to unstring, to remove from a hole , to with­ universe draw: bi ksoc , soc. Ian Country, universe, world : To ravel ( thread) , to unstring, ala. to, remove from a hole , to with­ draw plural : bi soc . unkempt ( ) Messy, uncombed, unkempt ( of unstrung hair) : kri . Raveled, unstrung, removed from a hole , withdrawn : ksoc . unknowing Innocent , unknowing: mgu. unsuccessfu l To make innocent , to make un­ To be unsuccessful or not ac­ knowing : bi mgu. complished because of super­ natural cause: meh. unmarryab le: agam, bi agam. 262

To make unsuccessful or not be To pull out of the ground , to accomplished (of supernatural u�root (plural ): bi bure, bi cause): bi rneh . ru. To uproot, to loosen so il from untangle roots of in order to tO fple or To rip out� to untangle, to carry away: bi kru, kru . unweave: sec . Uprooted : krul. To rip out , to untangle, to unweave (plural): bi s�c. urina te To untangle (string, vine) to To defecate, to urinate: tIc. use for tying: hrufc. To make defecate, to make To untangl e (string , vine ) to urinate: bi tIc. use for tying (plural): bi hrurc . urine untie Smell of urine: khdr , khefr . To untie: ruh. u8e To unt ie (plural): bi ruh. Consumed, exhausted, finished, used up: j ih. until Until, up to: bi truh kef, hlongl, Purpose, use : klei dlln. tefl kef. To consume , to exhaust , to finish , to use up: bi j ih, j i h, untouched th i p. To leave undisturbed, to leave untouched, to leave virginal : To make consume , to make ex­ bi hrcng . haust , to make finish, to make use up : bi rnthip, bi thip, Undisturbed , untouched , virgin­ rnthip. al : hrcng . To take advantage of, to use unweave (kef something, someone ): Qual. To rip out , to untangle, to un­ To take advant age of, to use weave: s�c . (kef something, someone) (plu­ bi sua . To rip out , to untan�le, to un­ ral): weave (plural): bi sec. To use : rna yua , yua. up To use (plural): bi rna yua , bi To hand (something) up (ko to) : yua . SUp2 , bi sup, bi rnsup, rnsup2 . u8eful: dllnl, tul . up to To make useful : bi dlln, bi tu . Until , up to: bi truh kef, hlongl , tefl kef. To make useful , to make valu­ a bl e: bi d lin. upper Upper part , top: dlcng2. u8ele88 Useless, weak: pIe. upright Steep, upright , vertical : ddng . u8ual Customary , usual : bhian. To make steep, to stand upr ight , to make vertical : bi ddng , bi uteru8 rnddng, rnddng 1 • Uterus (especially after de­ livery): kpan. uproot To pull out of the ground , to uproot : buie, ru. 263

v vaccinate vigorous To immunise, to vaccinate : kgeh. Energetic, healthy, powerful , To immunise, to vaccinate (plu­ strong, vigorous: mdai. ral): b I kgeh. To make energetic , to make healthy, to make powerful , to vagi na make strong, to strengthen , to Vagina (of animal ): dut. make vigorous: bl mdal. Vagina (of human) : I len. vi llage: 9uon . vague Indefinite , vague : am �. vine : hrue. Indefinite, vague (plural): bl To climb (of vine): drung . am II. To train (vine ) to grow in a certain position: bi drung , bl valuable mdrung , mdrung. Expensive, valuable: nang , yuom. To make expensive , to make vinelike valuable: bl yuom . Having many vinelike branches : bi hrue. To make useful , to make valu­ able: b I d�n. Stem of a kind of vinelike plant used in producing gelatin: To make valuable: bl nang . krong3 • vegetable virgina l Kind of leafy vegetable: hrum1 • To leave undisturbed, to leave untouched, to leave virginal : vegetation bi hrong . Dense overhead vegetation in jungle: pum. Undisturbed, untouched, vir­ ginal: hrong . To be covered with dense vege­ tation: bhTt. viscous Thick, viscous: k91 T, kat, ko2 , vehicle: edeh. t lit. vein: aruat. To make thick, to thicken, to make viscous : bi kal T, bi kat, vertica l b i ko , bi t lit. Steep, upright, vertical : ddng . visible To make steep, to stand upright , Clear , visible: edah. to make vertical: bl ddng , bl mddng, mddng 1. visit To enjoy another 's company , very : sdnak. to visit : ch�n , engue. Very, the most , superlative : To enjoy another's company , ed l, ed lmi , ed imlma. to visit (plural ): bi ch�n , bi engue. vicinity Area, direction, place, vicin­ voice : 4ok , .4ok blu, aSap2 , ena i ity, way : krTng. blu.

Vietnamese: Yuan. volunteer Growing naturally, not planted, volunteer (of plant ): cong cat . 264

vomit Describes manner of walking To make vomit: bi 8. wearily: mhdp mhdp , mdp mdp . To vomit : IF . Describes manner of walking without looking from side to Vomited milk: al iek. side: kuk kuk. vu1.ture : 9 rli. To go for a walk: hiu ch�n, hiu hlap. To go , to walk: hiu.

w To help step , to help walk: bi chuang . To help step , to help walk, to A letter of the Rhade alphabet , make step, to make walk: bi W: wd. mchuang . mchuang . wail. To make walk: bi ebat. To make ( someone ) wail over To take fo r a walk: bi hiu. death (kd of) : bi cok. To walk: eba t. To wail over death (kd of) : cok. To wail over death (kd of) ( plu­ wa1.king stick ral ) : bi cok. Cane, walking stick: gie dra. wai t wa 1.1.: mt i h 1 • T reet, to meet , to wait for : Interior wall separating 8k kap<;! � . an� ah in traditional house: To greet , to meet , to wait for kgan� . b i kap. ( plur al ) : To build ( fence, wall) : . pang . to stop: b i mguon, , To make wait, To build ( fence, wall ) ( plural ) : mgu8n . bi pang . To stop, to make wait: bi gu8n . Walling made of long lengths To wait a long time for : cang. of split and flattened drao bamboo in traditional house. To wait a long time for ( plu­ The tria mt ih are tied to and ral ) : bi cang . supported between the g�ng mt ih To wait for : gu8n. and the gie kpT : tria mtih. To wait for ( plural) : bi guon. wa1.1.ow Muddy wallowing place: chong . wake To attend the funeral wake of: To make wallow: bi enham . cang . To make wallow in mud : pI In. To attend the funeral wake of To wallow in mud: bl pI in. ( plur al ) : b i can9 . To wallow in mud ( of buffalo ) : wake up enham . To awaken, to wake up: bi md lh, rao. want Describes manner of wanting To awaken, to wake up ( plural) : something very much: mTr mTr. b i r�o. Describes manner of wanting to To wake up: md lh. do something very much: nhar nhar. wa1.k Describes manner of walking up To covet , to desire, to want : stairs or mount ain with steady bl mgham, mgham . tluh. paces: ch�p ch�p. To desire, to like, to want : clang . 265

To desire, to like , to want To wash (dishes): ua1 • ( pl ural ): b i cian 9 . To wash (dishes) (plural) : bi To make covet , to make desire , ·ua. to make want : bi mt luh, bi tluh, mt luh. To wash (hair, or in Rhade , ko 'head') : cd. To want to : mhao ciang . To wash (one's body) : rao. To want very much: kuan emA u an, mh ia. To wash (one's body) (plural): b i rao. war To wash (one's face) : pac I. To fight , to make war against (plural ): bi blah. To wash (part of someone else's body): bi rao. ward To wa sh (plural ): bi boh. To parry , to ward off: bi mgha, mgha1• To wa sh (rice): &pde, poe . To wash (rice) (plural ): bi wardrobe &poc . Clothes cu pboard , wardrobe: hip mddng. To wash (someone else 's face): b i paC. warm To wash (someone else 's hair ): To heat , to warm, by exposing bi Co. to heat source: b i hang . To heat , to warm, by expo sing wa8p to heat source or by covering Bumblebee, hornet , large wasp: with blanket, etc.: bi kduh. hong. To make (kd someone) warm him­ wa8te self at a fire: bi mdang pu i. To spend (money ) on useless bi meao . things, to wa ste (money): bi To make warm, to warm: Ie, b iIi e. To warm oneself at a fire : mdang pu i . wa8te paper To warm onesel f at a fire (plu­ Garbage, refuse, waste paper : ral): bi mdang pui . dj ahl . Warm (of human, inanimate ob­ wa8tefu� ject, weather , etc.): meao . Spendthrift , wasteful : jTr. bi jTr. warp To make wasteful : To set up (warp) in weavi ng : bi gi&ng , gieng . watch To look at , to ob serve, to Warp in weaving : kpan. watch: d lang . kthuat. To look at , to observe, to wart: watch (plural): bi dlang. bi kthu at. Having many warts: To make look at , to make ob­ serve, to make watch, to show: wa8h To make (someone) wash his hair: bi dlang . bi cd . Wristwatch: m'mongl. To mak e (someone) wash part of &a1 • his body: bi rao. water: Describes turbulent water in To make wash dishes: bi ua. stream rapids: bluk bluk. To make wash rice: bi pdc . Puddle, water flowing or stand­ To wash: boh2 . ing on ground surface: ea khat. 266

Pure water : ea nga�. To make wave : bi p�i . To fill with water : bi tldng ea, To wave (one's hand) : p�i . tldng ea . To wave to : pili . To make (someone) place a trap or net into the water : bi traih. wax To make pour wat er , to make Bee's wax : hlTn. water something: bi trah. way To make splash water: bi sa� ea . Area , direction , place, vic­ To place (trap, net ) into the inity, way : krTng . wat er: traih. Direction, place, way: anih, To pour water on , to wat er : cun1, kcun2. t ra h. Direction , way: hd ra , pha . To pour , to sprinkle (water) Manner , way : anih. (ti on a plant , or on clothes before ironing): bi kr ih, bi wayZay pruih, krihl , pruih2. To ambush , to waylay : kap2 . To splash with water: sac. To ambush, to waylay (plural ): To splash with water (plural): b i kap. b i sac. we To water : kr ih ea . We (exclusive): hmei . To water (plural): bi kr ih ea . We (inc lusive ): drei . Water collected in a hole in a awat, edu, kla. fallen tree: ea 10k. weak : Diluted, weak because watered water buffaZo: kbao. down, watery (of wine) : sahl. To dilute, to make weak by water jar thung . watering down, to make watery : Earthen water jar: bi sah. Fancy water jar or cooking pot: go Bung . To make sick, to make weak , to weaken : bi mdju, mdju. Small fancy water jar or cooking go lie . To make weak , to weaken: bi pot: awa t, b i k I a . waterfa H Useless, weak : pIe. Name of a waterfall in Dalat : P r n. Weak aft er prolonged illness: e dju. waterme Zon: mkai . Weak slowgrowing child (slang): Watermelon plant : hrue mkai . e&a i kpre. weaken wa tery Diluted, weak because watered To make sick, to make weak , to down , watery (of wine ): sahl . weaken: bi mdj u, mdju. To dilute, to make weak by To make sick, to weaken: bi dju. watering down , to make watery : To make weak , to weaken: bi b i sah. awa t, b i k I a . To make watery, to make wet : bi mcfea . wear To put on, to wear (garment Watery, wet : mcfea . covering groin, loincloth, skirt): Itar. wave To put on, to wear (pants, To have waves (of body of water ): .cut. bi puh ya , puh ya. ring , shoe ): 267

To put on, to wear (pants, ring, To weigh down (hong with): sal . shoe) (plural) : b i cut. To put on, to wear (shirt, upper welcome hcfo. You are welcome : am�o m�o oh , garment ) : m1mao oh. To put on, to wear around one 's arm or leg: buhl . we ld bi To put on, to wear around one's To join together, to weld: arm or leg, to put on someone mko, mko. else's arm or leg : bi buh. wezt: 91 u ng ea . To put on, to wear around one 's Carefully, perfectly , well: neck: bak. b i j ak. To put on, to wear around one's neck, to put on someone else's Healed, recovered, well : hlao. neck: b i baL we zt-qualified Able, impressive, sel f-confi­ weari ly knam . Describes mann er of walking dent , well-qualified: wearily: mhcfp mhcfp , mcfp mcfp . To make able, to make impres­ sive , to make self-confident , weather : ad ie1• to make well-qualified: bi knam. weave we8t: d Llr. To make weave: bi mnam. we8terner To weave: mnam. Westerner (female ): aduon . To weave (plural) : b i mnam. Westerner (male) : ae. To weave (thread) into a design in weaving: s�c. wet: msah. To weave (thread ) into a design To make watery, to make wet: in weaving (plural ) : b i s�c . bi mcfea . To make wet: bi msah. weaving To make pull tight , to make Watery, wet : mdea . beat (thread ) in weaving: bi pdk . what What?: ndng nga, si klei , si To pull tight , to beat (thread) nga , ya nga, ya ndng do. in weaving: pdk . What?, which? : ya ndng . To set up (warp) in weaving : bi gie ng , gie ng. Warp in weaving: kpan. when: hlak, hram . Wooden bar used to hold warp in weaving with backstrap loom : If, when: tcf dah. khung. When?: hbrl . wedge where Wedge for splitting wood: hn im. Where? : ti lei. hrue tl�o. Wedne8day: whether If, whether: hur2 . weigh To make heavy , to weigh down : whether 01' not: dLln2• bi ktro. To measure, to weigh : bi mka, which mka . What?, which? : ya .ndng. 268

white Wild pig; un dl ie. During, while: eja i. witt ml mun . Faded (of colour ), wilted whi 8ker: ao l v_ klap . Whiskers of cat or tiger: mUln. withered (of plant): Limp , soft , wilted : kdjuot. whi8per bi emhac . To make fade, to make wilt , To whisper : to make wither: bi klap. whi8tle To make limp, to make soft , to Bamboo whistle blown at right make wilt : bi kdjuot. 4Tng buot. angle to column : To make wilt: bi ram. (kd bi hoc , hoc. To whistle at ): Wilted: ram. Whistle made from cucumber stem: dTng buot. win To help succeed, to help win, white : k5. to make succeed, to make win: bi d u'i. To make white : bi k� . To win: . �ang3, du'i2• whittle To make whittle: bi rT, bi tiel . To win (stakes) : &dng 2• To whittle: rT, tiel . wind: angTn. To whittle (plural): bi rT. Strong (of wind) : ebu1• To blow (of wind): pUh2 • who Who?: hlei po nu . To blow (of wind) (plural ): bi pu h. Who?, whose?: hlei . To wind: bu 1. whole To wind (plural ): bi bul . Whole (of husked rice grain) : hluom. window : . �ang &ha 4iet. whore Door , window: �ang �ha. Prost itute, whore: mnie cd. wine who8e Alcoholic drink, wine: kpie, Who?, whose?: hlei . lak. Bad tasting (of rice wine) : why tr�n . Why?: 5 i . Bitter and sour (of eggplant , wick: mra i pu i. rice wine) : dh iam. Diluted , weak because watered wide-8paced sahl . Apart , wide -spaced : ru'ng . down, watery (of wine): To drink rice wine from a widow : mnie mlao. series of ceh: mnam ring. Widow , widower: mlao 2 • To drink rice wine from a se� ies of ceh (plural ): bi widower : eke i mlao. mnam ring. Widow, widower : mlao2 • To make bitter and sour (egg­ plant , rice wine): bi dh iam. x wife : mo. To make taste bad (rice wine) : bi tr�n. wi ld Wild animal : hlo, hlo mndng . To make very bitter (eggplant , ric e wine ): b i dh i e k . 269

Used rice mash for wine : �ua. To make become a shaman , to Very bitter (of eggplant , rice make become a witch doctor, to wine) : cfh iek. make become a practitioner : bi kbuT� . Yeast used in producing rice wine: kpei2• lJith With, by means of: hong . lJing Describes manner of a bird's With, together with: hong . flapping its wings: prTp prTp. lJithdralJ Having many wing feathers: bi Raveled , unstrung , removed s i ap. from a hole, withdrawn : kso� . Wing (of aeroplane ): Siapl . To pull back, to withdraw Wing and wing feathers (of bird): (foreskin): bi klat. s i a p 1 To pull out , to withdraw (mdn g Wing excluding feathers: kyang . from) : bi sue, sue. To ravel (thread) , to unstring, lJink to remove from a hole, to with­ To make wink: bi &hTt ala, bi draw: bi ksoc , s&� . m&h rt a I a. To ravel (thread), to unstring, To wink : &hTt ala, m&hTt ala. to remove from a hole, to with­ draw (plural): bi soc . lJinnolJ To winnow: bi maung , maung2• Withdrawn (of foreskin): klat . knguor, lip2 . lJi ther lJinnolJing basket: Faded (of colour) , wilted withered (of plant ): klap r . To make fade, to make wilt, lJipe to make wither : bi klap. To clean , to wipe: dhong , sut. To clean , to wipe (plural) : bi lJoman dhong . Girl , woman : mnie. To make clean something, to lJood make wipe something: bi sut. Stick of wood with one end a klui� pu i. To make wipe off dirt or dust: glowing ember : b i wa i h. Very hard heartwood of tree: To wipe off (dirt , dust): wa ih. sa r, tao. To wipe off (dirt , dust ) (plu­ lJoodpecker: kleh2, kcfr�� . ral): b I wa i h. lJord : boh pia. lJire: kwa t. lJork lJi se Describes manner of pers evering, Smart , wise: kh�. of working in spite of fatigue: To make smart , to make wise: bi jhd jhd, mhap mhap. kh�. Describes manner of working alone quietly or slowly: khe lJish khe. To hope , to wish: bi hmang , hmang , hmang hmlli , hmlli . Describes manner of working diligently: phe phe, phTt ph Tt. To wish: hcf�� hmlli . Job , position, work: brua, brua knua. lJitch doctor Native practitioner , shaman , To work: nga. witch doctor: mj�o. 27 0

To work (plural): bi nga. To make contract, to make wrinkle: bi kcTng . worker Labourer , worker: kl i. To wrinkle (cloth) : bi kcung . Wrinkled (of cloth) : kcung . worLd Country, universe, world: Ian wri8t: Quk lIak. a I a. wri 8twatch: m'mongl. worm Earthworm: enang . write Intestinal worm: kmuot. To writ e: C i h • To write (plural ): bi cih. worried: rung 1 • Afraid (kd for) , worried (kd wr ong : soh. about ): hyu't . Offence, wrong against another ke i . To be worried : kd:u. per son: To lead astray, to misguide , To be worried (plural): bi kd: u. to give wrong informat ion to: Worried (plural ): b i rung . b i soh.

worry wrong 8ide out To make afraid, to frighten, To turn over , to turn wrong to make worry: bi hyu't. side out : bi mbl iii. To make worry: bi kd: u, bi rung .

wound Abraded , cut deeply, wounded: y eka . y To abrade, to cut deeply , to A letter of the Rhade alphabet, wound: bi eka . Y: yd. bi sT, sT. To wound by cutting : yarn Thread , yarn: mrai. wrap Bag, pocket , sack, wrapped ob­ yawn ject: kdung . To yawn : hdap. To wrap: Qungl, bi hdruom. To yawn (plural ): bi hdap. To wrap (plural ): bi Qung. year: thun. wre8tLe To wrestle: mjeh 2 • yea8t Yeast used in producing rice To wrestle (plural): bi mj eh. wine: kpe i 2 •

wring yeH To squeeze contents out of, to To make shout , to make yell : wring: dj i et. bi drieo i ur, bi ur ahiek, ! , � To squeeze content s out of, to b i u r d r I eo. wring (plural ): bi dj iet. To shout , to yell : drieo, ur, ur ahiek, ur drieo. wrinkLe Contracted, wrinkled (of skin To shout , to ye�� (plural ): bi of animal or fruit ): kcTng . d r i eo, b i u r d r I eo, . kpr�n . Curly, wrinkl ed : yeHow: kil T. To curl, to make curly, to make bi knT. wrinkled, to wrinkle: bi kpr�n. To make yellow: 271

yes: d2 , �2 , �2 , �2 . younge� Affirmative answer word to yes­ Older and younger brothers and no que stion, yes: mdhl. sisters (of female): adam adei. Older and younger brothers and yeste�day : hrue mrue, mrue. sisters (of male ): ayong adei . Day before yesterday: hrue md ih. Younger brother, younger sis­ ter, one's child-in-Iaw 's yet parent (younger ), cousin: one's Not yet : ka ... oh. mother 's sister's child (youn­ ger): adei. yon Yolk of egg: ala boh mnu, ala Younger brothers and/or sisters: hi'lL d i ade i . you�sez.ves you di ih. Each other , ourselves, them­ You (plural ): selves, your selves (must be You (singular): ih. followed by appropriate per­ You (singular) (very familiar): sonal pronoun): hdang gap. ong. Each other , ourselves , them­ selves, yourselves (must be young: mda. followed by appropriate plural Immature, young (of fruit): pronoun): hdang2 • ad ie2• �ff� pring, young (of animal): eea I. z To dress (a male) well in order that he look handsome and young: zone bi dam, bi edam. Divisi on, part , portion, side , zone : kdriek. To make young : bi mda. zoo Young (of boy) : dam, edam. Corral , pen , zoo : war hlo. Young (of girl ) : era. zo�i Young and healthy : hlak a I. Sandal , thong, zori : klTt jua. Young boy: dam, edam. Young girl: era. Young plant: ea i 1 . Tharp, J.A. and Buon-Ya, Y-B. A Rhade-English dictionary, with English-Rhade finderlist. C-58, xii + 280 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1980. DOI:10.15144/PL-C58.1 ©1980 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative.