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Geological Survey DEPARTMENT OF THE INTEKIOK BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3STo. 141 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1896 UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUliVEY CHAKLES D. WALCOTT, DIKECTOB T I-I E EOCENE DEPOSIT OF THIS MIDDLE ATLANTIC SLOPE IN DELAWARE, MARYLAND, AND VIRGINIA WILLIAM BULLOCK CLARK WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT FEINTING- OFFICE 1896 CONTENTS. Pago. Letter of trausmittal........................................................ 9 Preface..................................................................... 11 Introduction...................................'............................. 13 Bibliography ................................................................ 15 Geological features. .......................................................... 23 Historical review ........................ '. .............................. 23 General relations........................................................ 28 Topography . .<...................................................... 28 Stratigraphy........................................................ 29 Cretaceous...................................................... '60 Eocene ......................................................... 31 Miocene......................................................... 32 Pliocene ........................................................ 32 Pleistocene .............................................. ....... 33 Distribution of the strata ............................................... 33 Delaware.................................................:......... 33 Maryland........................................................... 34 Virginia............................................................ 34 General character of the deposits ....................................... 35 Composition ........................................................ 35 Strike and dip ...................................................... 36 Thickness .......................................................... 37 Origin of the materials.................................................. 37 Origin of greeusaud................................................. 37 Stratigraphical and paleontological characteristics ...................... 39 Potomac Eiver section ............................................... 39 Aq uia Creek stage .............................................. 43 Woodstock stage................................................ 44 Other sections .............................................'......... 44 Correlation of the strata................................................ 47 Criteria employed in the correlation of the sedimentary rocks........ 47 Geological criteria .............................................. 47 Criteria derived from a study of the strata .................. 47 Continuity of deposits................................... 48 Similarity of materials.................................. 48 Similarity of sequence................................... 48 Similarity of change ..................................... 49 Similarity of structural relations ........................ 49 Criteria derived from a study of the adjacent land areas. -.... 49 Similarity of laud movement............................ 49 Similarity of topographic form .......................... 50 Paleootological criteria .......................................... 50 Identity of species ...................................... 50 Similarity of faunas and floras........................... 51 Stage of evolution....................................... 52 Relative number of living species ....................... 53 General conclusions.............................................. 53 5 6 CONTENTS. Geological features Continued. Page. Corelation of the strata Continued. Application of the criteria to the correlation of the Eocene strata of the Middle Atlantic Slope.......................................... 53 Correlation within the province ................................. 53 Geological criteria".......................................... 53 Paleontological criteria ..................................... 54 Correlation with other provinces ................................ 55 Geological criteria .\.............^.......................... 55 Paleontological criteria ..................................... 56 Description of species....................................................... 58 Vertebrata...................:.......................................... 58 Reptilia ................................................ 1............ 58 Pisces .............................................................. 60 Arthropoda............................................................. 63 Crustacea........................................................... 63 Mollusca...............................................s ................. 63 Cephalopoda....................................._...............,.. 63 Gasteropoda ......................................................... 63 Scaphopoda.......................................................... 72 Pelecypoda.. ................................ .^...,.................. 72 Vermes ................................................................. 88 Annelida............................................................ 83 Echinodermata........................ .................................. 88 Echiuoidea.....,...........'.......................................... 88 Ccelenterata............................................................. 89 Anthozoa ........................................................... 89 Hexacoralla..................................................... 89 Protozoa................................................................ 91 Ehizopoda .......................................................... 91 Foraminifera.................................................... 91 Douhtful species ........................................................ 93 Index............ ........................................................... 165 ILLUSTRATIONS. Vago. PLATJS I. Map showing distribution of Eocene strata in Middle Atlantic Slope ........................................ .-..............'I 13 Section of Eocene strata on Potomac River at mouth of Aquia Creek, Virginia .............................................. 34 ii. Blocks of indurated Eocene marl-largely composed of Turritella uiortoiii............................. ......................... 34 III. Section of Eocene strata showing lower indurated layers at Aquia Creek, Virginia.............................................. 30 IV. Detailed columnar sections of Eocene strata; I, Aquia Creek; IT, Potomac Creek; III, Woodstock; IV, Popes Creek........ 40 V. General columnar section of Eocene strata in Potomac River region ........................... ...... ................ ...... 42 YL Cross section of Eocene strata in the Potomac River region..... 44 VII. Thecachampsa marylandica Clark, Ischyrhiza (?) radiata Clark, Myliobatis copeanus Clark, Coprolite................:........ 98 VIII. Trionyx virginiaua Clark ...................................... 100 I.. Nautilus sp., Cylichna venusta Clark, Ringicula dalli Clark, Pleurotoma harrisi Clark, Maugilia (Pleurotomella) bollistriata Clark........................................................ 102 Volutilithes (Athleta) tuomeyi Conrad, Volutilithes sp.......... 104 Caricella sp., Pyropsis sp., Mitra marylandica Clark, Mitrasp., Fusus (Levifusus) trabeatus Conrad, Fusus sp ............... 106 XII. Fulguroficus argutus Clark, Calyptrophorus jacksoni Clark, Luuatia marylandica Clark, Natica cliftonensis Clark........ 108 XIII. Turritella mortoui Conrad...................................... 110 XIV. Turritella hunierosa Conrad, Verrnetus sp., Scala virgiuiana Clark, Solarium sp., Gibbula glaudula (Conrad), Cadulus bel- lulus Clark.................................................. 112 XV. Pholas (?) petrosa Conrad, Coralliophaga bryani Clark, Tellina willianisi Clark, Tellina virginiana Clark, Teredo virginiaua Clark, Gastrochiuua sp....................................... 114 XVI. Cytherea ovata Rogers......................................... 116 XVII. Cytherea subimpressa Conrad, Cytherea eversa Conrad ......... 118 XVIII. Dosiuiopsis lenticularis Conrad................................. 120 XIX. Pauop;.ea elongata Conrad, Pholadomya marylandica Conrad.... 122 XX. Luciua aquiana Clark, Luciiia dartoui Clark, Lucina Avhitei Clark........................................................ 124 XXI. Luciua uhleri Clark, Astarte marylaudica Clark, Venericardia J plauicosta Lamarck.......................................... 126 XXII. Diplodouta hopkinsiensis Clark, Venericardia planicosta La­ marck ....................................................... 128 XXIII. Venericardia planicosta Lamarck .............................. 130 XXIV. Venericardia plauicosta Lamarck............................... 132 XXV. Venericardia planicosta Lamarck.............................. 134 7 8 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. PLATE XXVI. Protocardiavirginiana Conrad, Crassatella aquianaClark..... 136 XXA7II. Crassatella alieformis Conrad................................. 138 XXVIII. Leda improcera (Conrad), Leda parva (Rogers), Leda(Adrana) cultelliformis (Rogers)..................................... 140 XXIX. Pectunculus idoneus Conrad, Pectunculus sp.................. 142 XXX. Cucullsea gigautea Conrad................................... 144 XXXI. Cuculkea gigantea Conrad ................................... 146 XXXII. Cucullaja gigautea Conrad ................................... 148 XXXIII. Cucullaea
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