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The Outdoor Living Supplement: Reacting To Richard Strauss, The Outdoor Living Supplement The Outdoor Living Supplement: Outdoor Recreation in Post-War Sydney 1945 – 1975 Richard Strauss, BA (Sydney), BA (Hons) (Macquarie), DipEd (University of New England) Sightseeing at Willoughby c.19651 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History Macquarie University January, 2007 1 SRNSW: AK415, EPA 253, FH 136 i Richard Strauss, The Outdoor Living Supplement TABLE OF CONTENTS SYNOPSIS .................................................................................................................. III Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................. v List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. vi INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER ONE POST-WAR URBANISATION: DILEMMA AND DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................................... 16 Urbanisation ....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Responses to urbanisation .................................................................................................................................. 22 Urbanisation and ‘the Australian way of life’ ..................................................................................................... 29 Civil defence ...................................................................................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER TWO PLANNING A BRAVE NEW WORLD ........................................... 48 ‘Control’ ............................................................................................................................................................. 49 ‘Decontrol’ ......................................................................................................................................................... 55 Rationalising time ............................................................................................................................................... 60 Rationalising space ............................................................................................................................................. 81 CHAPTER THREE THE ROAD TO SUBTOPIA ..................................................... 114 Everybody’s policy and nobody’s practice: decentralisation during the long boom ........................................ 117 Trouble in the County of Cumberland .............................................................................................................. 122 Urban consolidation ......................................................................................................................................... 150 CHAPTER FOUR ON THE GROUND: USE OF OPEN SPACE ............................... 153 Organised recreation ........................................................................................................................................ 158 Private recreation ............................................................................................................................................. 174 A better class of outdoorsman: conflict, conservation and sportsmanship ....................................................... 207 CHAPTER FIVE BREAD AND CIRCUSES: COMMODIFICATION ...................... 239 The expanding range of holiday migration ....................................................................................................... 244 Hotels, motels, resorts and caravan parks ......................................................................................................... 257 A girdle of theme parks .................................................................................................................................... 269 The accoutrements of adventure ....................................................................................................................... 276 Doing it yourself ............................................................................................................................................... 278 Camping gear ................................................................................................................................................... 281 Guns ‘n’ ammo ................................................................................................................................................. 285 In the creel ........................................................................................................................................................ 287 Guided exploration ........................................................................................................................................... 291 Vicariously there: armchair travel .................................................................................................................... 301 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................... 309 i Richard Strauss, The Outdoor Living Supplement BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................... 311 Primary sources .................................................................................................................................................. 311 Manuscripts ...................................................................................................................................................... 311 Magazines and newspapers .............................................................................................................................. 312 Works of reference ........................................................................................................................................... 313 Government publications .................................................................................................................................. 315 Archival sources ............................................................................................................................................... 316 Published primary sources ................................................................................................................................ 318 Secondary sources .............................................................................................................................................. 327 Manuscripts ...................................................................................................................................................... 327 Magazines and newspapers .............................................................................................................................. 328 Works of reference ........................................................................................................................................... 328 Government publications .................................................................................................................................. 328 Published secondary sources ............................................................................................................................ 331 Appendix 1: Sydney classified listings .............................................................................................................. 344 Appendix 2: Australian import statistics .......................................................................................................... 348 ii Richard Strauss, The Outdoor Living Supplement SYNOPSIS The Outdoor Living Supplement is a history of outdoor recreation in post-war Sydney. It makes a contribution to the fields of urban history and the history of leisure. Outdoor recreation was a planned response to the urbanisation of post-war Sydney, intended to mitigate the effects of industrialisation and urbanisation on the Australian character. In due course outdoor recreation became central to what was meant by ‘the Australian way of life’. Outdoor recreation was the focus of intense commodification as the long post-war boom progressed, being an important element in the development of Australian consumerism. Ironically then, outdoor recreation extended the influence of industrialisation and urbanisation at the same time that it acted to counter these phenomena. This thesis is comprised of five chapters. The first outlines the perceived problems of urbanisation in Western thought and in Sydney in particular. The second examines the popularity of post-war planning and planned responses to urban ills, placing outdoor recreation within this context. The third deals with the unfolding, or the unravelling of these planned recreational responses to urbanisation. The fourth chapter examines the formation of cultural and social institutions around post-war outdoor recreation. The fifth chapter demonstrates the extent to which outdoor recreation was commodified during the long post-war boom. While maintaining
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