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Index

Main entries arearranged alphabetically and thesub-headings arearranged thematically rather than alphabetically. TheArabic definite article ‘al-’is ignoredfor the purposes of alphabetization. Theabbreviation ‘b.’ for ibn (‘son of’) isalphabetized as written. Post-Alamut¯ Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıimams are referred to as ‘Niza¯r¯ıimams’, but the full designation is usedfor Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıimams.

Aaron, see Ha¯r un¯ versus Fat¯.imids, 137, 138–139, 140, Abaqa, ¯Ilkhan¯ id, 379, 398, 411 142, 163–164, 167, 173, 176, 183,
Abbas,¯ Salju¯q governor ofRayy, 357 185, 195, 201, 209, 212, 252
Abbas,¯ son of Jang¯ıSha¯h, 480 common enemy of Fat¯.imidsand
Abbas¯ I, S.afawid sha¯h, 417, 422, Qarmat.¯ıs, 152 437 and the Bu¯yids, 203 al-
Abbas¯ b.
Abd al-Mut.t.alib, uncleof and AbuT¯ . a¯hir al-Janna¯b¯ı, 148–149, the Prophet, 57, 79 151
Abbas¯ b. Abi’l-Futu¯h. ,Fat¯.imid vizier, 250, sovereigntyproclaimedin Damascus, 251 163;in Egypt, 252 al-
Abbas¯ b. al-Karam (or al-Mukarram), recognizedbyMirdas¯ ids, 194;by Zuray
id, 199, 255–256 Z¯ırids, 183, 202
Abbas¯ b. Muh. ammadb.H. at¯ im b. and the Salju¯qs, 195–196, 338, 373 al-Wal¯ıd,T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 268 and theNiza¯r¯ıs, 342
Abbas¯ Sha¯h,Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Ghar¯ıb and the Mongols, 305, 388, 398 M¯ırza¯ in poetry of IbnHan¯ i, 160–161
Abbas¯ ids, 1, 2, 7, 9, 48, 54, 57, 58, 61, term d¯a
¯ı usedby, 219 71, 104, 114, 153, 161, 223, 318, recognized Niza¯r¯ı state, 375–376 481
Abd al-Ah. ad, am¯ır ofBukha¯ra,¯ 29 revoltof, 76–78, 219, 327
Abd
Al¯ıSayf al-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 286 social order under, 78, 114
Abd Alla¯h, d¯a
¯ı inGujarat,¯ 200, 276–277 became Sunn¯ıs, 48, 79
Abd Alla¯h, father of Ibn S¯ına,¯ 202–203 repressedSh¯ı
ism, 78–79, 89, 95, 96,
Abd Alla¯h, father of Ni
mat Alla¯h Wal¯ı 112, 184 Kirman¯ ¯ı, 428 early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs protested against,
Abd Alla¯h, half-brother of Niza¯rb. 114–115 al-Mustans.ir, 242 repressedQarmat.¯ırevolts in
Abd Alla¯h, son of theFat¯.imid caliph 284–289/897–902, and al-Mu
izz, 172, 173, 191 293–294/906–907, 108, 123–124
Abd Alla¯hb.al-
Abbas,¯
Abbas¯ id, 69 threatenedbyQarmat.¯ısofBah. rayn,
Abd Alla¯hb.
Abbas,¯ d¯a
¯ı in Yaman, see 110, 148, 151 al-Sha¯wir¯ı

697

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698 Index

Abd Alla¯hb.
Abd al-Qa¯dir Najmal-D¯ın,
Abd al-
Az¯ız b. Muh. ammadb. Da¯u¯d¯ıBohra, 288 al-Nu
man,¯ Abu’l-Qas¯ im, Fat¯.imid
Abd Alla¯hb.
Al¯ıb.Muh. ammadb. chief q¯ad.¯ı,grandson of al-Qa¯d.¯ı al-Wal¯ıd,T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 268 al-Nu
man,¯ 172, 181, 215
Abd Alla¯hb.
Al¯ı al-
Uyun¯ ¯ı, 210
Abd al-
Az¯ız b. Muh. ammadb.
Abd Alla¯hb.al-H. arb (or al-H. a¯rith) Sa
u¯d, 296 al-Kind¯ı,eponymof H. arbiyya, 62
Abd al-H. am¯ıd II, Ottoman sultan, 481
Abd Alla¯hb.H. a¯rith, 285
Abd al-H. aqq b. Sayf al-D¯ın Dihlaw¯ı,
Abd Alla¯hb.al-H. asan al-Muthanna¯ b. hagiographer, 443 al-H. asan,
Alid, 68, 72, 73, 74, 75,
Abd al-H. usaynH. usam¯ al-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı 77, 89 d¯a
¯ı, 288
Abd Alla¯hb.H. at¯ im b. al-Ghash¯ım,
Abd al-H. usaynJ¯ıwa¯j¯ı, founder of Hamdan¯ id, 258 Mahd¯ıbag¯ hwa¯las,¯ 288
Abd Alla¯hb.al-H. usayn b. Ah. madb.
Abd al-Jabba¯r al-Hamadhan¯ ¯ı,al-Qa¯d.¯ı,
Abd Alla¯h, see al-Mahd¯ı,
Abd Mu
tazil¯ı scholar, 235 Alla¯h,first Fat¯.imid caliph
Abd al-Maj¯ıd I, Ottoman sultan, 489
Abd Alla¯hb.Ja
far al-Aft.ah. ,
Alid, 88, 91,
Abd al-Maj¯ıd al-H. afi¯ z., see al-H. afi¯ z., 95, 101, 107, 118–119 Fat¯.imid caliph
Abd Alla¯hb.Ja
far al-T. ayya¯r,T. a¯libid, 62
Abd al-Malik b.
At.t.as¯ h,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı in
Abd Alla¯hb.Lut.f Alla¯hb.
Abd al-Rash¯ıd Persia, 311–314 passim, 321, 325, al-Bihda¯d¯ın¯ı, see H. afi¯ z. Abru¯ 327, 329, 330, 339
Abd Alla¯hb.Maymun¯ al-Qadda¯h. , 8, 25,
Abd al-Malik b. Marwan,¯ Umayyad 101–102, 103, 104, 105, 106 caliph, 53, 54, 59
Abd Alla¯hb.Mu
a¯wiya, T. a¯libid, leader of
Abd al-Malik al-Kawkab¯ı,early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı anti-Umayyadrevolt, 62–63, 73, d¯a
¯ı, 112 75–76
Abd al-Mumin, founder of theAlmohad
Abd Alla¯hb.Muh. ammadb.Isma¯
¯ıl dynasty, 202 (al-Akbar), concealed Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı
Abd al-Mut.t.alib b. Has¯ him, grandfather imam, 5, 96, 99–100, 104, 106, 107 of the Prophet, 57
Abd Alla¯hb.Muh. ammad al-Makram¯ı,
Abd al-Mut.t.alib b. Muh. ammadb.H. at¯ im Sayyidna,¯ Sulayman¯ ¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 297 b. al-Wal¯ıd,T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 268
Abd Alla¯hb.al-Na¯wus,¯ 88
Abd al-Nab¯ıb.
Al¯ıb.al-Mahd¯ı,Mahdid
Abd Alla¯hb.Qah. t.an,¯ Ya
furid am¯ır, 198 ruler of Zab¯ıd, 259
Abd Alla¯hb.Saba, 63–64, 66
Abd al-Qa¯dir,sonofBurhanIN¯ iz.am¯
Abd Alla¯hb.
Umar,Umayyad governor Sha¯h, 454 of
Ira¯q, 75
Abd al-Qa¯dir H. ak¯ımal-D¯ın, 285
Abd Alla¯hb.
Umar al-Hamdan¯ ¯ı, Yaman¯ı Abd al-Qadir Ibrahimji, 289 author, 230
Abd al-Qa¯dir Najmal-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı
Abd Alla¯hb.al-Zubayr, anti-caliph, 51, d¯a
¯ı, 286–288, 289 52, 53
Abd al-Qaw¯ı,adviser to Awrangz¯ıb, 283
Abd Alla¯hBadr al-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 289
Abd al-Qays, Banu,¯ of Arabia, 210
Abd Alla¯h al-Mah. d. , see
Abd Alla¯hb.
Abd al-Rah.¯ım b. Ilyas¯ b. Ah. mad, relative al-H. asan al-Muthanna¯ of theFat¯.imid caliph al-H. a¯kimand
Abd Alla¯h al-Mahd¯ı, see al-Mahd¯ı,
Abd wal¯ı al-
ahd, 186, 191, 247 Alla¯h,first Fat¯.imid caliph
Abd al-Rah. man¯ III, Umayyad caliph in
Abd Alla¯h al-Ra¯wand¯ı, leader of Spain, 142, 147, 156, 159 Ra¯wandiyya, 62
Abd al-Salam¯ Sha¯h,Niza¯r¯ıimam, 423,
Abd al-
Az¯ız II, king ofSaudi Arabia, 297 432, 433

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Index 699

Abd al-T. ayyib Zak¯ı al-D¯ın b. Da¯u¯db. AbuH¯ . an¯ıfaal-Nu
man,¯ eponymof Qut.bsha¯h, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 282, 283 H. anaf¯ı madhhab, 80
Abd al-T. ayyib Zak¯ı al-D¯ın b. Isma¯
¯ıl Badr AbuH¯ . an¯ıfaal-Nu
man¯ (al-Qa¯d.¯ı al-D¯ın, forty-first Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 286 al-Nu
man),¯ see al-Nu
man¯ b.
Abd al-T. ayyib Zak¯ı al-D¯ın b. Isma¯
¯ıl Muh. ammad,al-Qa¯d.¯ı AbuH¯ . an¯ıfa Badr al-D¯ın b. Mulla¯ Ra¯j,thirty-fifth AbuH¯ . arb
¯Isa¯ b. Zayd, 334 Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 284 AbuH¯ as¯ him
Abd Alla¯h,
Alid,eponym
Abd al-Wahha¯bBadr al-D¯ın, Fat¯.imid, of Has¯ himiyya, 60–61, 62, 64, 67, 76, 254 79
Abdan,¯ Qarmat.¯ıleader, 108–109, AbuH¯ as¯ him
Alaw¯ı,Zayd¯ıpretenderin 116–117, 119, 120–124 passim, 150, Daylam, 346 167 AbuH¯ . at¯ imal-Ra¯z¯ı,early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı Abhar, in Persia, 377 (Qarmat.¯ı)d¯a
¯ı and author, 111–112,
A¯ bis b. Ab¯ı H. ab¯ıb, 50 121, 133, 152, 153, 154, 155, 217, Abraham, see Ibra¯h¯ım 225–228, 230, 233 Abu¯
Abd Alla¯h al-Kha¯dim, early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı AbuH¯ . at¯ imal-Zut.t.¯ı, Qarmat.¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 124 d¯a
¯ı in Khuras¯ an,¯ 112–113 AbuH¯ . ayyan¯ al-Tawh.¯ıd¯ı, 235, 236 Abu¯
Abd Alla¯h al-Sh¯ı
¯ı,early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı Abu¯
¯Isa¯
Abd al-
Az¯ız b. Ah. mad, d¯a
¯ı inNorth Africa, 6, 125, 126–128 d¯a
¯ı, 158 passim, 141–142, 214 Abu¯
¯Isaa¯ l-Murshid,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı and AbuA¯ h. mad al-Nahraju¯r¯ı, 235 author, 133, 233 Abu¯
Al¯ı, brother-in-law of Ibn AbuIs¯ h. a¯qQuhistan¯ ¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı author, 7, Madyan, 262 406, 433–434 Abu¯
Al¯ı Ardistan¯ ¯ı, Dihda¯r,Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı in AbuJa¯
farb.Nas.r, d¯a
¯ı, 158 Persia, 319, 343, 344, 358 AbuJa¯
far al-Mans.u¯r,
Abbas¯ id caliph, see Abu¯
Al¯ı H. asan b. Ah. mad, d¯a
¯ı in Egypt, al-Mans.u¯r,AbuJa¯
far see H. amdan¯ Qarmat. AbuJa¯
far Muh. ammadb.Ya
qu¯b Abu¯
Al¯ı al-H. asan b.
Al¯ı al-T. us¯ ¯ı, see al-Kulayn¯ı (al-Kul¯ın¯ı), see al-Kulayn¯ı Niz.am¯ al-Mulk, Salju¯q vizier AbuJa¯
far-iKab¯ır,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 111 Abu¯
Al¯ı al-Mans.u¯r al-Am¯ ir bi-Ah. kam¯ Abu¯ Ka¯l¯ıja¯r Marzuban,¯ Bu¯yid, 203 Alla¯h, see al-Am¯ ir,Fat¯.imid caliph Abu¯ Karib (Kurayb)al-D. ar¯ır, 59–60 Abu¯
Al¯ı al-Mans.u¯r al-H. a¯kim bi-Amr Abu¯ Mans.u¯r,nephew of Abu¯ Alla¯h, see al-H. a¯kim, Fat¯.imid caliph Muh. ammad,Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı in Syria, 368 Abu¯
Amra Kaysan,¯ see Kaysan,¯ Abu¯ Abu¯ Mans.u¯r Ah. mad, Qarmat.¯ıruler of
Amra Bah. rayn, 151, 161 AbuAs¯ h
ath, Sam¯ an¯ id secretary, 113 Abu¯ Mans.u¯rb.Muh. ammad,Niza¯r¯ı chief Abu¯ Bakr,first caliph, 36–37, 38, 39, 41, d¯a
¯ı in Syria, 389 44, 66, 74 Abu¯ Mans.u¯r al-
Ijl¯ı,eponymof Abu¯ Bakr b. H. amma¯d, Qarmat.¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 120, Mans.u¯riyya, 64, 69, 70–71, 72 155 Abu¯ Mans.u¯r Niza¯r al-
Az¯ız bi’lla¯h, see Abu¯ Dharr
Al¯ı (Nu¯r al-D¯ın), Niza¯r¯ı al-
Az¯ız,Fat¯.imid caliph imam, 425, 435–436 AbuMu¯ h. ammad, Shaykh,Niza¯r¯ıleaderin Abu¯ Dharr al-Ghiffa¯r¯ı, 39, 43, 371 Syria, 368 AbuF¯ iras¯ Shiha¯b al-D¯ın b. al-Qa¯d.¯ı Nas.r AbuMu¯ h. ammad
Abd Alla¯h al-Mahd¯ı al-Maynaq¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı authorin bi’lla¯h, see al-Mahd¯ı,
Abd Alla¯h, Syria, 371, 373, 408 first Fat¯.imid caliph AbuG¯ han¯ imNas.r, Qarmat.¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 123–124 AbuMu¯ h. ammadb.A¯ dam, head ofDa¯r AbuH¯ . amza, Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı in Persia, 321 al-
Ilm, 245

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700 Index

AbuMu¯ h. ammadSanbar, Qarmat.¯ı AbuZa¯ kariyya¯al-T. amam¯ ¯ı (or dignitary in Bah. rayn, 151 al-Z. amam¯ ¯ı), Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 110, 121 AbuMu¯ h. ammad Za
faran¯ ¯ı, Sunn¯ı Abu’l-
Abbas¯ al-Fad. l, Qarmat.¯ıruler of scholar, 324 Bah. rayn, 151 AbuMus¯ lim, governor ofRayy, 314 Abu’l-
Abbas¯ Muh. ammad,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı AbuMus¯ lim b. H. amma¯d, Qarmat.¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 125, 127, 141 d¯a
¯ı, 120, 155 Abu’l-
Abbas¯ al-Saffa¯h. ,
Abbas¯ id caliph, AbuMus¯ limal-Khuras¯ an¯ ¯ı, 76, 77, 78, 79, see al-Saffa¯h. 141 Abu’l-Bahlu¯l al-
Awwam,¯ 210 AbuNa¯ ja¯h. b. Qanna¯,Christian monk Abu’l-Dawa¯dh Muh. ammad,
Uqaylid and Fat¯.imid officer, 244 ruler of Maws.il, 176 Abu¯ RakwaWal¯ıd b. Hisham,¯ leader of Abu’l-Fad. l
Allam¯ ¯ı, secretary to Emperor anti-Fat¯.imid revolt, 182 Akbar, 281 Abu¯ Riya¯h. , 62 Abu’l-Fakhr,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıjurist, 245 Abu¯ Sa
d al-Tustar¯ı,Jewish merchant, Abu’l-Fath. , brother of Nas¯.ir-i 193 Khusraw, 205 Abu¯ Sa
¯ıd, brother of Nas¯.ir-i Abu’l-Fath. ,Niza¯r¯ıleaderin Khusraw, 205 Afam¯ iya, 333–334 Abu¯ Sa
¯ıd, ¯Ilkhan¯ id, 307, 425 Abu’l-Fath. ,Niza¯r¯ıleaderin Syria, 349 Abu¯ Sa
¯ıd,T¯ımu¯rid, 452 Abu’l-Fawa¯risAh. madb.Ya
qu¯b,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı Abu¯ Sa
¯ıd al-Janna¯b¯ı, see al-Janna¯b¯ı,Abu¯ d¯a
¯ı and author, 184 Sa
¯ıd Abu’l-Futu¯h. Da¯u¯db.Nas.r, ruler of Abu¯ Sa
¯ıd al-Sha
ran¯ ¯ı,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 113 Multan,¯ 167 Abu¯ Sa
¯ıd¯ıs, ofBah. rayn, 110–111 Abu’l-Futu¯h. al-H. asan b. Ja
far, shar¯ıf of Abu¯ Salama al-Khalla¯l, 77, 78, 79 Mecca, 182 Abu¯ Shama,¯ historian, 23, 309 Abu’l-Gha¯rat¯ b. al-Mas
u¯d,Zuray
id, 256 Abu¯ Sufyan,¯ d¯a
¯ı, 126 Abu’l-H. asan, son ofSha¯h T. a¯hir AbuTag¯ hlib,H. amdan¯ id, 162, 175 Dakkan¯ı, 455 AbuT¯ . a¯hir, family,ofKas¯ han,¯ 307 Abu’l-H. asan, son of Shiha¯b al-D¯ın Sha¯h AbuT¯ . a¯hir Arran¯ ¯ı, 319 al-H. usayn¯ı, 480 AbuT¯ . a¯hir Isma¯
¯ıl al-Mans.u¯r bi’lla¯h, see Abu’l-H. asan
Al¯ı, beglerbegi,Niza¯r¯ı al-Mans.u¯r,Fat¯.imid caliph imam, 459–462 passim AbuT¯ . a¯hir al-S.a¯igh,Niza¯r¯ıleaderin Abu’l-H. asan
Al¯ıb.
Abd al-Rah. man¯ Syria, 333–334, 347, 349 al-Samanjan¯ ¯ı, Sunn¯ı scholar, 336 AbuT¯ . a¯hir Sulayman¯ al-Janna¯b¯ı, see Abu’l-H. asan
Al¯ı al-Z. a¯hir li-I
za¯zD¯ın al-Janna¯b¯ı,AbuT¯ . a¯hir Alla¯h, see al-Z. a¯hir,Fat¯.imid caliph AbuT¯ . a¯lib,sonofSha¯h T. a¯hir Dakkan¯ı, 455 Abu’l-H. asan Khan,¯ Sarda¯r, brother of AbuT¯ . a¯lib, uncleof the Prophet, 57 Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I, passim, 464–465, AbuTam¯ ¯ımMa
add al-Mu
izz li-D¯ın 469–472, Alla¯h, see al-Mu
izz,Fat¯.imid caliph Abu’l-H. asan Muh. ammad, son of AbuTam¯ ¯ımMa
add al-Mustans.ir bi’lla¯h, H. amdan¯ Qarmat., 120 see al-Mustans.ir,Fat¯.imid caliph Abu’l-H. asan S.a
¯ıd¯ı,Fat¯.imid q¯ad.¯ı, 363 AbuYa¯
qu¯b al-Sijistan¯ ¯ı, see al-Sijistan¯ ¯ı, Abu’l-Hayja¯,H. amdan¯ id, 183 AbuYa¯
qu¯b Abu’l-Haytham Ah. madb.al-H. asan AbuYa¯
qu¯b Yusu¯ f, Qarmat.¯ıruler of al-Jurjan¯ ¯ı,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı authorin Bah. rayn, 161 Persia, 155 AbuYa¯ z¯ıd Makhladb.Kayda¯d, leader of Abu’l-Khat.t.a¯b,eponymof anti-Fat¯.imid revolt, 145–147, 151, Khat.t.a¯biyya, 67, 85, 92, 102 156, 166 doctrines, 86

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Index 701

influence on early Isma¯
¯ılism, 85, 90, 93 Adam¯ al-awwal al-kull¯ı, 271–272 in Umm al-kit¯ab, 93, 94 A¯ dam b. Sulayman,¯ w¯al¯ı, 277 Abu’l-Ma
a¯l¯ı, author, 206 Adam¯ al-juz¯ı, 272, 273 Abu’l-Maymum¯
Abd al-Maj¯ıd, see Adam¯ al-r¯uh. ¯an¯ı, 270–271 al-H. afi¯ z.,Fat¯.imid caliph
Adan, in southern Yaman, 199, 201, 238, Abu’l-Musafi¯ r, Sa¯jid, 153 255–258, 259, 260 Abu’l-Qas¯ imAh. mad al-Musta
l¯ı, see
Adan La¯
a, in Yaman, 109 al-Musta
l¯ı,Fat¯.imid caliph adh¯an (Muslimcall to prayer), 127, 196, Abu’l-Qas¯ im
Al¯ıb.Ja
far, Sa¯jid vizier, 154 198, 252 Abu’l-Qas¯ im
Ima¯d al-D¯ın, Fat¯.imid, 254 A¯ dharbayjan,¯ region, innorthwestern Abu’l-Qas¯ imMuh. ammadb.al-Mustans.ir, Persia, 149, 311, 312, 318, 346, 379, father of theFat¯.imid caliph 383, 386, 412, 413, 416, 419, 428, 430 al-H. afi¯ z., 246 early (dissident) Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa in, 112, Abu’l-Qas¯ imMuh. ammadKu¯hpaya¯ı, see 121, 152, 153, 154, 167 Amr¯ıSh¯ıra¯z¯ı Niza¯r¯ıs in, 342, 356, 377, 411, 418 Abu’l-Qas¯ imMuh. ammad al-Qa¯im Adhruh. , 45 bi-Amr Alla¯h, see al-Qa¯im, Fat¯.imid
Ad¯ıb.H. at¯ im, 45 caliph al-
A¯ d. id,Fat¯.imid caliph, 249–253 passim, Abu’l-Qas¯ im Sa
¯ıd, Qarmat.¯ıruler of 255, 257 Bah. rayn, 121, 148, 151, 161 al-
A¯ dil I, Ayyu¯bid ruler ofDamascus and Abu’l-Qas¯ im Sha¯hansha¯h, see al-Afd. alb. Egypt, 254, 389 Badr al-Jama¯l¯ı al-
A¯ dil b. Sala¯r,Fat¯.imid vizier, 250 Abu’l-Shalaghlagh (orShala
la
), see
A¯ dil-Sha¯hs, ofB¯ıja¯pu¯r, 455 Muh. ammadb.Ah. mad, Sa
¯ıd administration, see Fat¯.imid caliphate: al-Khayr organization; T. ayyib¯ıs: da
wa Abu’l-Su
u¯db.
Imran,¯ Zuray
id, 257 organization:Da¯u¯d¯ıs: da
wa Abu’l-Su
u¯db.Zuray
,Zuray
id, 256 organization; Niza¯r¯ıs: organization; Abu’l-Thurayya¯ b. Mukhta¯r,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı see also da
wa jurist, 245
Ad. ud al-Dawla, Bu¯yid, 175, 176 Abu’l-Wal¯ıd Muslim, 210 adw¯ar,seedawr al-Abwa¯, near Medina, 74 Afam¯ iya(Apamea), innorthern Abyan, in Yaman, 257 Syria, 179, 333, 335 Abyssinia, Abyssinians (H. abash), 198, al-Afd. alb.Badr al-Jama¯l¯ı,Fat¯.imid 218, 257 vizier, 211, 241–242, 243–244, 246, Academ´ ie Royale des Inscriptions et 324, 342–343 Belles-Lettres, Paris, 22 Afghanistan, Afghans, 29, 30, 207, 392, acculturation, 404, 448–450, 494 411, 436, 461 Acre(
Akka),¯ 14, 15, 18, 194, 197, 216, Niza¯r¯ısof, 316, 356, 406, 410, 412, 453, 244, 313, 390 456, 488, 494–495, 501;imams A¯ dam (Adam) reasserted control, 432;in worksof inMukhammisa doctrine, 94 Khayrkhwa¯h, 433–434; in Umm al-kit¯ab, 94, 98 Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ıs, 438, 456; inearly Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıdoctrine, 131, 134 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ıs, 451 in writings of theIranian school of invadedPersia, 457, 460, 464 philosophical Isma¯
¯ılism, 226–228 Britishinvasion of, 468–470 in writings of Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 208 Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I in, 469–470, 473 inT. ayyib¯ı cosmology and eschatology, Afida, fortress, in Yaman, 268 270–275 Aflah. b. Ha¯run¯ al-Malus¯ ¯ı,first Fat¯.imid inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine, 365, 381 chief q¯ad.¯ı, 168

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702 Index

afl¯ak (spheres), 229, 271 and nas..s imamate, 73, 81 Africa, 1, 21, 291 h. ad¯ıthsof, inIsma¯
¯ıl¯ılaw, 170 Niza¯r¯ı communities of, 481, 496, 504 Sufi devotion to, 426 Aga Khan IV’s projects in, 500, 502–503 ahl al-da
wa, 219, 222 see further East Africa ahl al-dhimma,seedhimm¯ıs Afsha¯rid dynasty,ofPersia, 459 Ahl al-
Ir¯aq, 46 Aft.ah. iyya, see Fat.h. iyya ahl al-kit¯ab (peopleof the book), 34 Aga Khan III, Sult.an¯ Muh. ammad Ahl al-Sh¯am, 46 (Mohamed) Sha¯h,Niza¯r¯ıimam, 31, Ahl al-Sunna wa’l-Jam¯a
a, 48 407, 455, 477, 480–496 passim, 497, see also Jam¯a
a; Sunn¯ıs 499, 503 ahl-i h. aq¯ıqat, 433, 441 Aga Khan IV, Sha¯hKar¯ımal-H. usayn¯ı, ahl-i h. aqq, 433, 441 Niza¯r¯ıimam, 33, 483, 496–504 ahl-i tad. ¯add, 365, 382, 441 Aga Khan Award for Architecture, 503 ahl-i ta
l¯ım, 379 Aga Khan Case, of 1866, 28, 475–476, 486 ahl-i tarattub, 366, 382, 442 Aga Khan Development Network ahl-i vah. dat, 366, 382, 441, 442 (AKDN), 502–503 Ah. mad, founder of theHujum¯ iyya Aga Khan Foundation, 503 subgroup ofDa¯u¯d¯ıBohras, 283–284 Aga Khan Museum, Toronto, 504 Ah. mad, son ofKhalaf, Isma
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 111 Aga Khan Programme for Islamic Ah. mad I, sultan of Gujarat,¯ 277, 278 Architecture, 504 Ah. mad IWal¯ı, Bahmanid, 428–429 Aga Khan Trust for Culture(AKTC), 503 Ah. mad II b. Isma¯
¯ıl, Sam¯ an¯ id, 113 Aga Khan University, in Karachi, 503 Ah. madb.
Abd Alla¯hb.Maymun¯ Aga Khan(s), 4, 28, 405, 407, 413, 414, al-Qadda¯h. , 102 442, 480–504 passim Ah. madb.
Abd Alla¯hb.Muh. ammadb. see also Ag¯ ha¯ Khan(s)¯ Isma¯
¯ıl,concealed Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı Ag¯ ha¯ Buzurgal-T. ihran¯ ¯ı,Twelver imam, 100, 102, 106, 235 scholar, 168 Ah. madb.
Al¯ı,governor ofRayy, 112, 152 Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I, H. asan
Al¯ıSha¯h,Niza¯r¯ı Ah. madb.
Al¯ı,Ikhsh¯ıdid, 158 imam, 462, 463–476 passim, 477, Ah. madb.
At.t.as¯ h, see Ah. mad Ibn
At.t.as¯ h 480, 481, 490–491 Ah. madb.al-H. asan, Kalbid governor of Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ II, A¯ qa¯
Al¯ıSha¯h,Niza¯r¯ı Sicily, 145 imam, 407, 476, 477–480 Ah. madb.
Imran¯ b. al-Fad. l,al-Qa¯d.¯ı, Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ Mah. allat¯ ¯ı, see Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I Hamdan¯ ¯ıleader, 258 Ag¯ ha¯ Khan(s),¯ 405, 406, 463–480 passim, Ah. madb.
¯Isa¯ b. Zayd,Zayd¯ıimam, 73 see also Aga Khan(s) Ah. madb.al-Kayya¯l, 112–113 Ag¯ haMu¯ h. ammadKhan¯ Qa¯ja¯r, founder of Ah. madb.Khid. r, Qarakhan¯ id ruler, 203 the Qa¯ja¯rdynasty ofPersia, 459, 460, Ah. madb.Marzuban¯ b. Ish. a¯q, d¯a
¯ı in 461, 462 India, 200 Aghlabids, of Ifr¯ıqiya, 125, 126, 127, 143 Ah. madb.al-Muba¯rak Ibnal-Wal¯ıd, Ag¯ ra, innorthernIndia, 280, 283 T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 267
ahd (oath), 129, 229, 312 Ah. mad Ibn
At.t.as¯ h, son of
Abd al-Malik
ahd al-awliy¯a, 293 b.
At.t.as¯ h,Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı of ahl al-ayy¯am, 42 Is.fahan,¯ 330, 336–337 ahl al-bayt, 1, 35, 38, 40, 46, 56, 57–58, 72, Ah. mad Ja
farSh¯ıra¯z¯ı, 279 76, 80, 82, 119, 127, 128, 135, 137, Ah. mad Mukhta¯rPasha, Ottoman general 169, 170, 214, 215, 413, 501 in Yaman, 296–297 ‘spiritual adoption’into, 92–93 Ah. madSha¯h,Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Islam¯ Sha¯h

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Index 703

Ah. mada¯ba¯d, inGujarat,¯ 277, 278, 280,
Ala¯ al-D¯ınTekish, Khwa¯razmsha¯h, 373, 281, 282, 283, 284, 291, 298, 445–448 374 passim Alamut,¯ fortress and seat of Niza¯r¯ı state, Ah. madnagar, inthe Deccan, 452–455 innorthern Persia, 3–4, 18, 19, 112, passim 314–316, 317–318, 324, 336, 367, al-Ah. sa¯,capital of the Qarmat.¯ı state of 379, 386–387 Bah. rayn, 110, 149, 162, 185, 210 etymology, 318 Ahwa¯z, in Khu¯zistan,¯ 100, 102, 149, 203 archaeology of, 304 Aiglemont, nearParis, headquartersof describedbyMarco Polo, 17 Aga Khan IV, 504 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı library at, 302, 303, 305, 306, al-aimma al-mast¯ur¯ın, see hidden imams 342, 355, 376, 396
A¯ isha bint Abu¯ Bakr, wifeof the seat of Justan¯ ids, 152–153 Prophet, 44 as seat of Niza¯r¯ı state, 3, 21, 245, 301, Ajamiyyun,¯ 124, 149, 150 352, 374; taken by H. asan-iS.abba¯h. , Akbar,Mughal emperor, 277, 280, 281, 314–316;Salju¯q attempts to take, 422, 436 337–338; attackedbySha¯h Gha¯z¯ı, AkbarSha¯h, A¯ qa,¯ son of Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ 344–345; AbuH¯ as¯ him(Zayd¯ı) at, I, 476, 482 346; qiy¯ama proclaimed at, 358–359, akhas..s-i kh¯as..s, 366 362;destruction by Mongols, 303, Akhba¯r¯ı school,of Twelverlaw, 171 304, 393–394, 396, 402, 410; Niza¯r¯ı Akhl¯aq-i muh. tasham¯ı,of Nas.¯ır al-D¯ın attempts to reoccupy, 410–411, al-T. us¯ ¯ı, 378–379 416–417, 451 Akhl¯aq-iN¯as.ir¯ı,of Nas.¯ır al-D¯ın as S.afawid prison, 417 al-T. us¯ ¯ı, 378–379, 380 see also Niza¯r¯ıs: Alamut¯ period al-Akhram, al-H. asan b. H. aydara, Druze
Alaw¯ıs,
Alawiyya, subgroup ofDa¯u¯d¯ı leader, 186–187, 188 Bohras, 239, 241, 282 AkhuMu¯ h. sin, see Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ıb.
Alaw¯ıs, see Nus.ayr¯ıs al-H. usayn
Alba¯iyya, see
Ula¯iyya akw¯ar,seekawr Alburz mountains, in Persia, 318, A¯ lKhayrat,¯ of southernArabia, 296 320–321, 339, 353 ¯alMuh. ammad,seeahl al-bayt Aleppo(H. alab), innorthern Syria, 27, A¯ lSa
u¯d, 296, 297, 298 313, 367, 372, 389, 428
Ala¯ al-Dawla Simnan¯ ¯ı, Sufi andSunn¯ı under H. amdan¯ ids, 161, 176, 178 theologian, 427 under Fat¯.imids, 175, 183, 192, 216, 250
Ala¯ al-D¯ınAh. mad II, Bahmanid, 429 underSalju¯qs, 352
Ala¯ al-D¯ınH. usaynJahans¯ u¯z, during Niza¯r¯ı-Musta
l¯ı schism, 325 Ghu¯rid, 356 Niza¯r¯ı centre, 309, 332–334, 347
Ala¯ al-D¯ın Kayquba¯d I, Salju¯qruler of attackedbyNiza¯r¯ıs, 370 Rum,¯ 390 besiegedbySaladin, 369
Ala¯ al-D¯ınMah. mu¯d,governor of Alexander,eraof, 150 T. urayth¯ıth, 357 Alexandria(Iskandariyya), in Egypt, 182,
Ala¯al-D¯ınMuh. ammad,Khwa¯razmsha¯h, 194, 242, 250, 313 374, 375, 376, 377, 383 Alftak¯ın, Turkish commander, 163, 173,
Ala¯al-D¯ınMuh. ammad III, Niza¯r¯ıimam 175 andlord of Alamut,¯ 18, 302, 375, Algeria, 126, 127 377–392 passim, 417
Al¯ı,T. a¯hirid ruler of Yaman, 268
Ala¯ al-D¯ınMumin Sha¯h, see Mumin
Al¯ı al-A
azz,Zuray
id, see
Al¯ıb.Saba Sha¯h
Al¯ı al-A
la,¯ H. uru¯f¯ıpropagandist, 421

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704 Index

Al¯ı (
Abd Alla¯h) b.
Abd Alla¯h,
Al¯ıb.H. at¯ im b. Ah. madb.
Imran,¯ S.ulayh. id, 263–264 Hamdan¯ id, 259–260, 265
Al¯ı al-Asad¯ı, 185
Al¯ıb.Hibat Alla¯h, Sulayman¯ ¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 297
Al¯ıb.
Abd Alla¯hb.al-
Abbas,¯
Al¯ıb.al-H. usayn, Zaynal-
A¯ bid¯ın,
Abbas¯ id, 61 imam, 50, 58–59, 60, 67, 90
Al¯ıb.
Abd Alla¯hb.
Al¯ıb.al-Wal¯ıd, transmitted nas..s, 81 T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 268, 278 inearly Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı enumeration ofimams,
Al¯ıb.Ab¯ı T. a¯lib,first Sh¯ı
¯ıimam and 90, 97 fourth caliph, 1, 37–38, 39, 41, 42,
Al¯ıb.al-H. usayn b. Ah. mad, see al-Mahd¯ı, 43, 44–49 passim, 52, 57, 62, 63–64,
Abd Alla¯h,first Fat¯.imid caliph 71, 81, 89, 94, 137, 165, 207, 273
Al¯ıb.al-H. usayn b.
Al¯ıb.H. anz.ala, investiture by the Prophet, 39, 83, T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 268 177–178, 247
Al¯ıb.al-H. usayn b.
Al¯ı Ibnal-Wal¯ıd, significance forSh¯ı
¯ıs, 37–38 T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 267–268 his divinityfor
Ula¯iyyaand Nus.ayr¯ıs,
Al¯ıb.al-H. usayn b. Idr¯ısIbnal-Wal¯ıd, 94–95 T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 269, 279 inZayd¯ıdoctrine, 74
Al¯ıb.al-H. usayn b. al-Wal¯ıd,T. ayyib¯ı in account of AkhuMu¯ h. sin, 102 madh¯un, 265, 267 and
Abd Alla¯hb.Saba, 63–64, 66
Al¯ıb.al-H. usaynal-Maghrib¯ı,Fat¯.imid inearly Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı enumerations of vizier, 181 imams, 97, 165
Al¯ıb.al-H. usaynal-Qurash¯ı,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı inearly Qarmat.¯ı series of ¯ulu’l-
azm author, 218 prophets, 97–98
Al¯ıb.Ibra¯h¯ım, founder of the
Alaw¯ı as Muh. ammad’s h. ujja, 118 subgroup ofDa¯u¯d¯ıBohras, 282 as Muh. ammad’s was.¯ı, 129, 132, 232
Al¯ıb.Ibra¯h¯ım b. al-H. usayn b. al-Wal¯ıd, h. ad¯ıthsof, inIsma¯
¯ıl¯ılaw, 170 T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 268 commemoratedbyDa¯u¯d¯ıs, 294
Al¯ıb.
¯Isa,¯
Abbas¯ id vizier, 148 as Niza¯r¯ı im¯am-q¯aim, 365
Al¯ıb.Ish. a¯qb.Ya
qu¯b, d¯a
¯ı in primacyin Sufi doctrine 426–428 Gujarat,¯ 277 passim, 431
Al¯ıb.Isma¯
¯ıl b. Ja
far al-S.a¯diq,
Alid, in religious poems of Niza¯r¯ısof 95 Badakhshan, 494
Al¯ıb.Isma¯
¯ıl al-Maytham¯ı,Imam¯ ¯ı
Al¯ıb.Abu’l-Gha¯rat,¯ Zuray
id, 256 scholar, 84
Al¯ıb.Ah. mad, S.ulayh. id, 263
Al¯ıb.Ja
farb.Fala¯h. , 179
Al¯ıb.al-Asad,Abu’l-Ma
a¯l¯ı, am¯ır of
Al¯ıb.Mas
u¯d, Khwa¯ja, Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 368 Badakhshan, 206–207
Al¯ıb.Mufarrijb.Daghfal,Jarra¯h. id, 182
Al¯ıb.al-Fad. l,early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı in
Al¯ıb.Muh. ammadb.al-H. anafiyya, Yaman, 109–110, 122, 125
Alid, 61
Al¯ıb.al-H. a¯kim, Fat¯.imid, 186
Al¯ıb.Muh. ammad Ibnal-Wal¯ıd,T. ayyib¯ı
Al¯ıb.H. amdun¯ al-Andalus¯ı, 157 d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 210, 260, 266–267
Al¯ıb.H. anz.ala b. Ab¯ıSa¯limal-Mah. fu¯z.¯ı
Al¯ıb.Muh. ammad al-S.ulayh.¯ı,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı al-Wa¯di
¯ı,T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 267 d¯a
¯ı andfounder of the S.ulayh. id
Al¯ıb.H. arb,Nas.rid am¯ır ofS¯ıstan,¯ 384 dynasty of Yaman, 198–199, 258,
Al¯ıb.Ha¯run¯ al-Zanjan¯ ¯ı, 235 263, 267
Al¯ıb.H. asan b.
Al¯ıb.Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ıb.Muh. ammad al-Zanj¯ı, leader of the al-H. anafiyya,
Alid, 61 Zanjrevolt, 108
Al¯ıb.H. at¯ im,seeal-H. am¯ id¯ı,
Al¯ıb.H. at¯ im
Al¯ıb.Muh. sin, Sulayman¯ ¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 297

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Index 705

Al¯ıb.al-Nu
man¯ b. Muh. ammad, Aly Khan, Prince, son of Aga Khan III and Abu’l-H. usayn, Fat¯.imid chief father of Aga Khan IV, 482, 483, 496 q¯ad.¯ı, 171, 177, 214 Aly Muhammad, Prince, son of Aga Khan
Al¯ıb.Saba b. Abu’l-Su
u¯d,Zuray
id, 257 IV, 504
Al¯ıb.Sa
¯ıd al-Is.t.akhr¯ı,Mu
tazil¯ı
amal, 226, 271, 360 theologian, 185 AmalricI,king of the Latin state of
Al¯ıb.Sulayman,¯ Sulayman¯ ¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 296 Jerusalem, 251, 252, 253, 369, 372
Al¯ıb.
Umar al-Balaw¯ı, 143 Ambrosiana Library,Milan, 28
Al¯ıb.Wafa¯,Niza¯r¯ı commander, 352 America(s), immigration to:Druze, 189;
Al¯ıb.Wahsu¯dan,¯ Justan¯ id, 153 Da¯u¯d¯ı, 291; Niza¯r¯ı, 497, 500
Al¯ı al-Naq¯ı (al-Ha¯d¯ı), Twelverimam, 89 see also UnitedStates of America
Al¯ı al-Rid. a,¯ Twelverimam, 89 American University ofBeirut, 32
Al¯ıSha¯h,thirty-second Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Am¯ id, in Diya¯rBakr, 345, 347 Mustans.ir bi’lla¯h II al-
Am¯ıd b. Mans.u¯r (Mas
u¯d), governor
Al¯ıSha¯h, forty-seventh Niza¯r¯ıimam, see of T. urayth¯ıth, 357 Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ II
¯amil, Da¯u¯d¯ıfunctionary, 292–293, 298
Al¯ıSha¯h,Mihraban¯ id, see Shams al-D¯ın Am¯ınj¯ıb.Jala¯l,T. ayyib¯ıjurist, 280
Al¯ı al-Am¯ ir,Fat¯.imid caliph, 3, 10, 105, 238,
Al¯ıShams al-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 283 239, 244–248 passim, 256, 258,
Alid loyalism, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 261–262, 263, 277, 325, 326, 343, 346 431 see also al-Hid¯aya al-Amiriyya¯
Alids, 1, 7, 36, 49, 52, 57–58, 59, 60, 78,
Am¯ ir,T. a¯hirid ruler of Yaman, 268 89, 107, 158, 170, 185, 214, 430, 435
Am¯ ir b. Rab¯ı
a, Banu,¯ of eastern exaltedbySh¯ı
¯ıs, 66, 413 Arabia, 210 suppressedby
Abbas¯ id al-Mans.u¯r, 79 am¯ıral-juy¯ush (commander of the effect of nas..s, 82–83 armies), 195, 211, 212 sanctuary inT. abaristan,¯ 112, 314, 317 Am¯ır Kab¯ır,M¯ırzaTa¯ q¯ıKhan,¯ Qa¯ja¯r chief see also H. anafids; H. asanids; H. usaynids; minister, 473 Fat¯.imids Am¯ır Khal¯ıl Alla¯h Anjudan¯ ¯ı, see Khal¯ıl Aligarh,University of, 482 Alla¯h I, Niza¯r¯ıimam Al¯ısa
b. Midra¯r,Midra¯rid ruler of Am¯ır Khan¯ Mus¯ .ilu,¯ S.afawid governor of Tafi¯ la¯lt, 125 Hamadan,¯ 436
Alla¯qa, leader of anti-Fat¯.imid revolt, 179 Am¯ır Kiya¯¯ıSayyids, of allegoricalinterpretation, see taw¯ıl Daylaman,¯ 415–416, 417 All-IndiaMuslimConference, of Am¯ır Muh. ammadb.H. aydar al-Ba¯qir, last 1928, 483 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ı All-IndiaMuslim Educational imam, 455, 456, 489 Conferences, of 1903, 1904, 482 Am¯ır Muh. ammadb.Mu
¯ınal-D¯ınII All-IndiaMuslim League, 482 al-Musharraf,Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Almohads(Muwah. h. idun),¯ of North Niza¯r¯ıimam, 455 Africa andSpain, 180, 182 Am¯ır Sulayman,¯ grandson of Am¯ır Aloadin(
Ala¯al-D¯ınMuh. ammad III Isma¯
¯ıl,Niza¯r¯ıleaderin Syria, 534 q.v.), 16 Am¯ıra D. arra¯b,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı in Alp Arslan,¯ Salju¯qruler of Aleppo, 334 Rayy, 311–312 Alp Arslan,¯ Salju¯q sultan, 197, 198 Am¯ırda¯d H. abash¯ı, Salju¯q am¯ır, 321 alphabet, see h. ur¯uf Am¯ iriyya, 238, 248, 261 Alptak¯ın, see Alftak¯ın see also T. ayyib¯ıs

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706 Index

¯amma(
aw¯amm), 129, 365 aqwiy¯a, 382, 441
Amma¯rb.Yas¯ ir, 39, 43 Arabia, 36, 41, 43, 47, 61, 110, 198, 199,
Amma¯rb.Yaz¯ıd, see Khidas¯ h 210, 287, 296, 297, 468, 469
¯ammatal-Muslim¯ın, 219 see also H. ija¯z
Amr, mosque, Cairo, 214 Arabic(language), 1, 21, 70, 233, 240, amr (divine command), 40, 134, 229, 230, 292–299 passim, 302, 309, 406, 408, 364 449, 477, 480 al-amr bi’l-ma
r¯uf wa’l-nahy
an Arabs, 43, 51, 150, 184, 196, 197, 201, 225, al-munkar, 343 461 Amr¯ıSh¯ıra¯z¯ı, poet, 422 soldiers, 42, 126
Amrun,¯ Banu,¯ ofSyria, 349–350 tribal society, 42, 114 Am¯ u¯ Darya,¯ see Oxus river versus maw¯al¯ı, 51–53, 54 Anatolia, see Rum¯ beliefin hereditary attributes, 40–41, 47 al-Anba¯r, in
Ira¯q, 149 as ghul¯at, 66, 70 al-Andalus, 158, 370 pro-Sh¯ı
¯ıin Ku¯fa, 47–48 Anf, Banu’l-, of Yaman, 267, 280 hegemony under Umayyads, 55–56, 78 Anglo-Persian Treaty,of 1814, 472 under al-Mukhta¯r, 53 Anhalwa¯ra, see Patan¯ northern(Niza¯r¯ı Arabs), 45 Anjidan,¯ see Anjudan¯ southern, see Yaman¯ıs Anjiru¯d,village near Alamut,¯ 314, 324 in Sicily, 143 Anjudan,¯ village near Mah. allat,¯ incentral as faction inFat¯.imid army, 193 Persia, 4, 404–405, 456, 459, 495 jaz¯ıra of, 217 centreof Niza¯r¯ırevival, 406, 413, 418, Ara¯k, incentralPersia, 423, 456 422–425, 432–442, 447, 448, 449, 473 Aramaeans, 54, 55, 108 ans.¯ar (Helpers), 36, 38, 42, 127 arb¯ab al-aql¯am, 212, 213 al-Ant.a¯k¯ı,Yah. ya¯ b. Sa
¯ıd, historian, 180 arb¯ab al-suy¯uf, 213 anthropomorphism, see tashb¯ıh archaeological evidence, 304, 309 Antioch (Ant.a¯kiya), 175, 331, 333, 350, Ardab¯ıl, in A¯ dharbayjan,¯ 153, 430 389, 399
Ar¯ıb b. Sa
d al-Qurt.ub¯ı, historian, 6, 103 Anus¯ htiginal-Duzbar¯ı,Fat¯.imid
¯arif (gnostic), 412, 420 general, 192, 195 Aristotle(Arist.ut¯.a¯l¯ısor Arist.u),¯ 223, 224, Apulia, 145 233, 237 AqQoyunlu, dynasty ofPersiaand eastern ark¯an (elements), 234, 271 Anatolia, 425, 430, 431 Armenia, Armenians, 149, 194, 246, 249, A¯ qa¯
Al¯ıSha¯h, Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ II, see Ag¯ ha¯ 250, 399, 412 Khan¯ II Arnold ofLu¨beck,German abbot and A¯ qa¯ Khan,¯ see Ag¯ ha¯ Khan,¯ Aga Khan historian, 13, 20, 24 A¯ qa¯ Khan¯ Nu¯r¯ı, Qa¯ja¯r chief minister, 473 Arnould, Sir Joseph, 476
¯aqil,
uqq¯al (sages), 190 Arrajan,¯ castles and town, in
Aq¯ıl b. Ab¯ı T. a¯lib,T. a¯libid, 102 Khu¯zistan,¯ 321, 336, 337, 353
aql (intellect), 171, 229–230, 231, 341 Arran,¯ 377, 412 al-
aql al-awwal, 233, 270 Arsenius, metropolitan of Cairo, 177 al-
aql al-fa

¯al, 234
arsh (throne), 135, 230 al-
aql al-kull¯ı, 189, 190 Arslan¯ Tas¯ h, Salju¯q am¯ır, 319 al-
aql al-th¯an¯ı, 234 Arsu¯f, in Palestine, 243 al-Aqmar, mosque, Cairo, 244, 290 Arta¯liswa¯las,¯ subgroup of
Aqr al-Sudan, village nearBas.ra, Mahd¯ıbag¯ hwa¯las,¯ 288–289 southern
Ira¯q, 367 Artuqids, ofDiya¯rBakr, 243, 347

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Index 707

Arus,¯ fortress, in Yaman, 267 origins of the name, 13, 19–20, 21–24 Arwa,¯ S.ulayh. id queen of Yaman, 200, 243, passim 246, 255–265 passim, 275, 277 see also assassination; Niza¯r¯ıs:distorted Asad, Banu,¯ 85, 185 image As
ad, cousinof al-Mufad. d. alb. Assemani, Joseph Simonius, 21, 22 Abi’l-Barakat,¯ 256 Assemani, Simone, 22 Asadb.Ab¯ı Ya
fur,Ya
furid, 122 Aswan, in Egypt, 496 As
ad b. Shiha¯b,governor ofS.an
a¯, 199,
at.¯a (stipend), 43 258
At.a¯ Alla¯h, .tar¯ıqa name ofSha¯h Niza¯r II Asad al-D¯ın, Rasu¯lid, 267 (q.v.), 457 al-A
s.am, see al-H. asan al-A
s.am
At.a¯ Alla¯h¯ı tribesmen, ofKirman,¯ 457, Asani,Ali, 444 461, 462, 464, 468–469 as¯as, 97, 105, 132, 217, 231, 234 Atba¯
-i MalakBadr, see Mahd¯ıbag¯ hwa¯las¯ As.bagh, Banu’l-, ofSyria, 122 Atba¯
-i Malak Vak¯ıl, see Arta¯liswa¯las¯ al-As.far,chief ofBanu’l-Muntafiq, 185
At¯ .ht.hiya,¯ subgroup of Imam-¯ Sha¯h¯ıs, 447 Asfa¯r b. Shirawayh, Daylam¯ıleader, 112,
At.iyyat Alla¯hb.Mu
¯ınal-D¯ın 152, 153 (Khuda¯ybakhsh), Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı al-Ash
ar¯ı,Abu’l-H. asan
Al¯ıb.Isma¯
¯ıl, Niza¯r¯ıimam, 455 Sunn¯ı theologian and Atlanta, 497 heresiographer, 59 Atlantic, 156, 176 al-Ash
ath, father of H. amdan¯ Atsiz b. Uvak,Turkoman chieftain, 197, Qarmat., 107 313 Ash¯ır, inthecentral Maghrib, 156–157,
At.t.a¯r,Far¯ıd al-D¯ın, Sufi poet, 420 162
Atta¯ra, fortress, inH. ara¯z, 297, 298 Ashkawar, in Daylaman,¯ 314, 415–416 Australia, 189 ashr¯afal-qab¯ail, 42, 45, 48, 52–53 avat¯ara, descent of Vishnu, 450
Ash¯ur¯a¯ ,of al-H. usayn b.
Al¯ı, 177, 294, Avicenna, see Ibn S¯ına¯ 492
aw¯amm,see
¯amma Asia, 1, 138, 201, 290, 388 al-Awf¯ı, 235 traderstoEast Africa, 291, 485–486 Awranga¯ba¯d, inIndia, 490 Niza¯r¯ı communities of, 496, 497, 504 Awrangz¯ıb,Mughal emperor, 283–285, Aga Khan IV’s projects in, 500, 502–503 447, 448, 456 AsiaMinor, see Rum¯ Awras,¯ inNorth Africa, 146, 156 Asiatic Museum, St Petersburg, 27, 29, 30 al-awwal (thefirst), 229, 270 As.¯ıl,nephew ofSh¯ırg¯ır, 345
Aydha¯b, portonRedSea, 201 As.¯ıl al-D¯ınZu¯zan¯ı, Khwa¯ja, 395
AynJa¯lut,¯ in Palestine, 399
Askar Mukram, in Khu¯zistan,¯ 100, 102
Aynal-Warda, battleof, 51 al-as.l¯an (thetwo principles), 229, Ayyu¯b, father ofSaladin, 251 230–231 Ayyu¯bids, 5, 249, 251, 310, 369 as.n¯af, see guilds origins, 252–253
Asqalan¯ (Ascalon), 173, 179, 192, 197, hostility to al-Azhar mosque, 159 216, 243, 244, 250 in Yaman, 200, 255, 257, 260, 266, 267 Assassin legends, 12–19 passim, 22, and H. afi¯ z.¯ısofEgypt, 253 328–329, 368 and Niza¯r¯ıs in Syria, 254, 376, 389–390 assassination, 12, 70, 146, 328–329, 332, in south Arabia, 257, 260 352 and the Mongols, 398–399 Assassins, 11–22, 26 A
z.am Khan,¯ Afghan am¯ır, 460 variants of theterm, 11–18 passim, 21
Aza¯z, innorthern Syria, 370

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708 Index

al-Azhar, mosque and university, Badr al-Jama¯l¯ı (Badr al-Mustans.ir¯ı), Cairo, 159, 177, 214, 215, 220, 252 Fat¯.imid vizier, 194–195, 197, 204, AzharPark,Cairo, 504 211, 212, 241–242, 248, 311, 313 al-Azhar¯ı,Abu¯ Mans.u¯r,Arab Badri Mahal, Bombay, 292, 293 lexicographer, 148 Ba¯dus¯ pan¯ ids, ofDaylam, 344, 345, 367, al-
Az.¯ım¯ı,Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ı, 387 historian, 309 Baffioni,Carmela, 32 al-
Az¯ız,Ayyu¯bid ruler of Aleppo, 390 Baghdad, 8, 10, 78, 79, 89, 109, 148, 161, al-
Az¯ız,Fat¯.imid caliph, 171, 172–178 167, 313, 320, 321, 336, 338, 347, passim, 180, 185, 191, 212 379, 473
Az¯ız Alla¯hQumm¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıpoet, 438 anti-Fat¯.imid manifesto, of 402/1011,
Az¯ız Sha¯hb.
At.iyyat Alla¯h, 101, 102, 103, 185,of 444/1052, 209 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıimam, 455 in campaign of AbuT¯ . a¯hir al-Janna¯b¯ı, al-
Az¯ız¯ı, d¯a
¯ı, 262 149 Azraq¯ıs, subgroup ofKha¯rij¯ıs, 146 taken by Bu¯yids, 150 d¯a
¯ı al-Kirman¯ ¯ıin, 184 Ba¯b, in Syria, 370 Salju¯q T. ughril I in, 196–197 b¯ab, rankin da
wa hierarchy, 94, 208, in campaign ofpro-Fat¯.imid al-Basas¯ ¯ır¯ı, 216–217, 218, 219, 220, 234, 262, 195–196 275 massacres of Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 330 b¯ab al-abw¯ab, 216–217 taken by Mongols, 305, 398 see also d¯a
¯ı al-du
¯at T¯ımu¯rin, 418 Ba¯b al-Futu¯h. ,Fat¯.imid gate, Cairo, 159 al-Baghda¯d¯ı,Abu¯ Mans.u¯r
Abd al-Qa¯hir Ba¯b Zuwayla, Fat¯.imid gate, Cairo, 159 b. T. a¯hir, Sunn¯ıjurist and Babylonian, 237 heresiographer, 9, 59 bad¯a(change inGod’s will or Baha¯ al-Dawla, Bahman M¯ırza,¯ Qa¯ja¯r command), 64 governor of Yazd, 468 Badakhshan, 4, 29, 33, 206–207, 243, Baha¯ al-Dawla ¯Irans¯ ha¯hb.Tu¯rans¯ ha¯h, 451–452 Salju¯qruler ofKirman,¯ 321 Niza¯r¯ısof, 207, 304, 407–408, 432, 433, Bahmanids, of the Deccan, 427–428, 429, 440, 494–495, 502;preserved Niza¯r¯ı 453 literature, 29, 31, 33, 420, 433, Bahr al-
Ulum,¯ see Sayyid al-T. a¯ifa 494–495;deputations to Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ Bahrain, see Bah. rayn I, 465, 470;Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ıs, 438; Bahram,¯ Fat¯.imid vizier, 212, 249 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ıs, 414, 451–452, Bahram,¯ Niza¯r¯ıleaderin Syria, 347–348, 456 352 Badakhshan¯ ¯ı, Sayyid Suhra¯b Val¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı Bah. rayn, easternArabia, 2, 199, 206, 327, author, 408 427, 435 Badakhshan¯ ¯ı, Sayyid Sulayman,¯ Niza¯r¯ı Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa in, 102, 110, 121 mu
allim in Persia, 493 Baqliyya in, 124, 149 Ba
d.¯ıaztaw¯ıl¯at-igulshan-i r¯az, Qarmat.¯ısof, see under Qarmat.¯ıs anonymous Niza¯r¯ıwork, 419 Bakhtiya¯r¯ı tribesmen, ofPersia, 459 Ba¯d¯ıs b. Mans.u¯r,Z¯ırid, 179–180 Bakju¯r,governor of H. ims., 175 Badr, inNajran,¯ 296, 298 Baku, in Caucasus, 412 Badr al-D¯ınAh. mad,Niza¯r¯ı bal¯agh (initiation), 9, 10, 129 envoy, 386–387 Balaghai, Mongol officer, 394, 396 Badr al-D¯ınMuh. ammadb.H. at¯ im, Balak,nephew of ¯Ilgha¯z¯ı, 347 Yaman¯ıhistorian, 260 al-Balas¯ an¯ ¯ı, Salju¯q vizier, 321

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Index 709

BaldwinI,king of the Latin state of al-Basas¯ ¯ır¯ı,Arslan,¯ Turkish Jerusalem, 244 general, 195–197, 204 Ba¯lis, fortress, in Syria, 334, 335 Bashsha¯r al-Sha
¯ır¯ı, 94 Balkh, 205, 206, 320, 335, 383, 392 Basil II, Byzantine emperor, 176, 179, 181 Baltak¯ın, Turkish general, 175 Bas.ra, inMorocco, 156 Ba¯lt¯ıt, see Kar¯ıma¯ba¯d Bas.ra, in southern
Ira¯q, 42, 43, 44, 49, 51, Baluc¯ histan,¯ Baluc¯ h¯ıs, 218, 460, 463, 465, 91, 100, 102, 110 469, 470–472 passim founded, 43 Bam, in Kirman,¯ 460, 462, 464–465, in revoltof al-Mukhta¯r, 53 469 site of Zanjrevolt, 108, 114 Bampu¯r (Banfahl), fortress, in attackedbyAbuT¯ . a¯hir al-Janna¯b¯ı, 148 Baluc¯ histan,¯ 471–472 d¯a
¯ı al-Kirman¯ ¯ıin, 184 Bandar
Abbas,¯ portonPersian Gulf, 468, seizedbyal-Basas¯ ¯ır¯ı, 196 469 base of theIkhwan¯ al-S.afa¯, 235, 236 Bangalore, inIndia, 473 originofRas¯ hid al-D¯ın Sinan,¯ 367 Bangladesh, 501 Bassam¯ b.
Abd Alla¯h al-S.ayraf¯ı, 92 Ban¯ iyas,¯ fortress, in Syria, 348, 349 Bast.am,¯ in Persia, 394 Banu,¯ followedbythe name of the b¯at.in, 10 eponymous ancestor of atribe, see in Sh¯ı
¯ı thought, 83 under the name of that ancestor in doctrine of Abu’l-Khat.t.a¯b, 86 al-Baq¯ı
cemetery, inMedina, 86, 91 in doctrine ofpre-Fat¯.imid Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, Baq¯ı
a mountains, in Syria, 255, 261 129–131, 167 al-Ba¯qir, imam, see Muh. ammad al-Ba¯qir inFat¯.imid doctrine, 208, 215, 221, 226 Ba¯qir
Al¯ı, last p¯ır of the At¯ .ht.hiyas,¯ 447 inT. ayyib¯ıdoctrine, 269 Ba¯qir Sha¯h,Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Abu’l-H. asan inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrines of qiy¯ama and satr,
Al¯ı, beglerbegi 360, 362, 364–365, 366, 380–381, Ba¯qiriyya, subgroup of Imam¯ iyya, 71 382, 441 Baqliyya, subgroup ofQarmat.¯ıs, 124, 149 in writings of Niza¯r¯ıQuhistan¯ ¯ı, 412 BarD¯ıs.an,¯ see Ibn Days.an¯ in writings of H. aydar Amu¯ l¯ı, 420 Ba¯rakza¯ydynasty,of Afghanistan, 470 forSufis, 419 Baraqb.Jandal, 348 for H. urufi¯ yya, 421 Barbarossa Frederick I, Holy Roman in Pandiy¯at of Mustans.ir bi’lla¯h II, emperor, 12 432–433 Barbelo-Gnosticsystem, 135 inAgaKhan III’s teachings, 492 Barbhai,Niza¯r¯ıKhoja dissidents, 474–476 Bat¯.in¯ıs, Bat¯.iniyya(the Esotericists), 8, 10, Bardesanes, see Ibn Days.an¯ 24, 85, 116, 130 Bardesanians, see Days.an¯ iyya Batriyya, branch of Zayd¯ıs, 74 Barghash,Fat¯.imid vizier, 246 Bausani,Alessandro, 32 Barjawan,¯ Abu’l-Futu¯h. ,Fat¯.imid Ba¯wandids, ofDaylam, 337, 344, 346, 357, w¯asit.a, 179–180, 181 367, 374 Barkiya¯ruq, Salju¯q sultan, 320, 321, 329, bay
a (oath of allegiance), 36, 49, 178, 330, 331, 334, 335, 347 242, 293, 496 Baroda(Vadodara), inGujarat,¯ 241, 282, Bayan¯ b. Sam
an¯ al-Tam¯ım¯ı,eponymof 298 Bayan¯ iyya, 60, 61, 72 Barqa(Cyrenaica), 142, 143, 179, 182, Bayan¯ iyya, extremist Sh¯ı
¯ı group, 61, 63, 201, 202 72 Barzisha¯ba¯d¯ı Mashhad¯ı,
Abd Alla¯h, Sufi BaybarsI,Mamlu¯k sultan, 309, 398–402 master, 427 passim

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710 Index

Bayhaq (Sabzawa¯r), in Khuras¯ an,¯ 345 Bina¯ltig¯ın(Inaltig¯ın), Khwa¯razmian Ba¯ysunghurb.Sha¯hrukh,T¯ımu¯rid, general, 384 308 Biras¯ h, fortress, nearS.an
a¯, 260 Baytal-H. ikma (House of Wisdom), B¯ırjand, in Quhistan¯ (southern Baghdad, 223 Khuras¯ an),¯ 353, 359, 406, 411, 412, bayt al-m¯al, 42 469, 491, 494 Bazda, village near Nasaf, in B¯ırjand¯ı,H. asan b. S.ala¯h. , ra¯ıs, see H. asan Transoxania, 113 b. S.ala¯h. Munsh¯ıB¯ırjand¯ı Bazgash, Salju¯q am¯ır, 329 Bishr b. H. at¯ im b. Ah. madb.
Imran,¯ bedouins, 14, 122–123, 201, 348 Hamdan¯ id, 260 early supportersof Isma¯
¯ılism, 114–116 B¯ısutun,¯ ruler ofRu¯yan,¯ 374 beglerbegi, 460, 469 Biyap¯ısh, inG¯ılan,¯ 415, 417 Beirut, 313 BlackStone of the Ka
ba(al-h. ajar Bektas¯ hiyya, Sufi order, 421 al-aswad), 149, 151 Benjaminof Tudela, Spanishrabbi and Blois, F.de, 107 traveller, 12, 20–21 Bobrinskoy, Count AlexisA., Russian Berbers, 54, 115, 125, 126, 141, 183 scholar, 29 in Sicily, 143 Bohemond IV, prince of Antioch, 389 in Kha¯rij¯ırevoltof AbuYa¯ z¯ıd, 146–147 Bohemond VI, prince of Antioch, 399, 401 as faction inFat¯.imid army, 175, Bohras, Bohoras, 3, 30, 31, 201, 236, 238, 178–179, 193 241, 276–279, 290–295, 298, 299 jaz¯ıra of, 218 Da¯u¯d¯ı–Sulayman¯ ¯ı schism, 239, see also individual tribes 280–282 Berchem, Max van, orientalist, 28
Alaw¯ı schism, 282 Bertel’s, AndreyE., 31 fiqh for, 169, 280 Bhakti tradition, ofSouth Asia, 449 Sunn¯ı schism, 277–278 Bha¯rmal,minister to Ra¯jput¯ king of ofEast Africa, 291, 486 Gujarat,¯ 276, 284 see also Da¯u¯d¯ıs; Sulayman¯ ¯ıs al-Bharuc¯ h¯ı,H. asan b. Nu¯h. ,T. ayyib¯ıBohra Bombay (Mumbai), 29, 31, 485 author, 91, 279 Ivanow’s work, 30–31 Bhopal, inIndia, 289 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı libraries, 33, 241 Bhuj, inIndia, 447 Da¯u¯d¯ısof, 288, 290–291, 292, 293, 294 Bianquis, Thierry, 32 Sulayman¯ ¯ısof, 297, 298 B¯ıb¯ıSarka¯ra, wifeofSha¯hKhal¯ıl Alla¯h Ag¯ ha¯ Khans¯ (Aga Khans) at, 407, III, 462, 463, 464 467–468, 472, 473–476 passim, 477, B¯ıb¯ı T. al
at Mura¯d¯ı, leader of Mura¯d 480–497 passim, 500 M¯ırza¯¯ıs, 491 Niza¯r¯ıs(Khojas) of, 473–476, 484, 492 Bible, 11, 272, 365 Fida¯¯ıin, 492 Bibliothe`que Nationale, Paris, 23, 28 Bombay High Court, 28, 289, 474–475, bid
a (an innovation in belief or 476, 481, 486, 488, 491 practice), 35, 63 BombayLegislative Council, 477 B¯ıdar, inthe Deccan, 429, 455 Boyle, JohnAndrew, 305 Bihbahan¯ ¯ı,Muh. ammad
Al¯ı,Twelver Brethren ofPurity, see Ikhwan¯ al-S.afa¯ mujtahid, 462 Brett, Michael, 32 B¯ıja¯pu¯r, 448, 453, 455 Britain, British, 286, 291, 468–470, Bila¯lb.Jar¯ır al-Muh. ammad¯ı,Zuray
id 469–473 passim, 474, 477, 481–482, vizier, 257 484, 493, 495 Bilbays, 178 see also England; India; United Billizma, inNorth Africa, 127 Kingdom

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Index 711

Broach, inGujarat,¯ 447 180–181, 183, 192, 197;disputed Browne, Edward Granville, 26 Italy andSicily, 143–144;Syria, 173, Bu¯ Sa
¯ıd dynasty,of
Uman¯ and 175–176, 178 Zanzibar, 291 Byzantium, see Byzantine empire Bughra¯ Khan,¯ Qarakhan¯ id ruler, 203 Bujh Niranjan˜ , South Asian Sufi work, 444 cabalistictraditions, 134, 421 Bujrai, Mongol officer, 397 Caesarea (Qays.ariyya), 243, 313 Bukayr b. Ma¯han,¯ 76, 77 Cahen, Claude, 62, 426 Bukha¯ra¯ (nowinUzbekistan), 29, 79, 113, Cairo(al-Qa¯hira), 5, 6, 147, 175, 178, 187, 202, 203, 383, 397, 470, 495 182–199 passim, 203, 205, 213, 221, Bulugg¯ın(orBuluqq¯ın) b. Z¯ır¯ı, founder of 242, 246, 310, 312, 313, 348, 401, theZ¯ırid dynasty of Ifr¯ıqiya, 157, 482, 504 162, 176 founded, 138, 159 al-Bunda¯r¯ı,al-Fath. b.
Al¯ı, historian, 308, Fat¯.imidsmovefrom Ifr¯ıqiyato,183 337 Genizaof, 140 Buqa-Temu¨r, Mongol general, 394 attackedbyal-H. asan al-A
s.am, 162, Bu¯ran¯ iyya, see Baqliyya 163 Burchard (or Gerhard), envoy ofEmperor ravagedintime of al-Mustans.ir, Barbarossa, 12–13 193–194 Burckhardt, John Lewis, orientalist, 27 describedbyNas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 206 BurhanIN¯ iz.am¯ Sha¯h, 454–455 attackedbyAtsiz, 197, 313 Burhan¯ pu¯r, 285, 286, 447 libraries destroyed, 253 BurhanpurDurgah Case, of 1925, 288 Calabria, inItaly, 143, 144, 145 Burhan¯ pu¯r¯ı, Qut.b al-D¯ın Sulayman¯ j¯ı, Calcutta, 472, 473, 475, 481 Da¯u¯d¯ı author, 240 calendar,of theIsma¯
¯ıl¯ıBohras, 295 Bu¨ri, Mongol officer, 391 caliphate, 36–37; separate from Bu¯r¯ı,Ta¯j al-Mulu¯k, Bu¯rid ruler, 348 imamate, 81 Bu¯rids(Bo¨rids), ofDamascus and see also Fat¯.imid caliphate southern Syria, 334 Cambay, port, inGujarat,¯ 200, 201, 276, Burma, 477, 481, 482 277, 278, 279 al-Bursuq¯ı, A¯ qSunqur,governor of Canada, 497, 501 Maws.il, 347 Canard,Marius, 31 Bust¯anal-j¯ami
, anonymous history, 309 cannabis sativa,seeh. ash¯ısh Bu¯yids(Buwayhids), ofPersiaand Caprotti,Giuseppe, 28
Ira¯q, 139, 162, 176, 183, 185, 203, Carmatians, see Qarmat.¯ıs 311, 316, 363 Carron, Andree,´ third wifeof Aga Khan patrons of
Abbas¯ ids, 150, 185 III, 483 andQarmat.¯ıs: allied against Fat¯.imids, Casanova, Paul,orientalist, 28, 235 161;fought in southern
Ira¯q, 185 Caspian provinces, region, innorthern declining powerin Syria, 175 Persia, 152, 313 developedSh¯ı
¯ıpractices, 177–178 Zayd¯ıSh¯ı
¯ısof, 24, 153, 314 opposedbySalju¯qs, 195–196 Nas¯.ir-iKhusrawin, 206 of Fa¯rs, 203 histories of, 308, 408 Buza¯
a, in Syria, 370 Niza¯r¯ıs in, 346, 387–388, 410 Buzurg-Umm¯ıd, Kiya,¯ Niza¯r¯ıleader and after Mongol conquest, 415 lord of Alamut,¯ 302, 324, 343, underS.afawids, 417 344–346, 352–355, 358, 360 Nuqt.awiyyaof, 422 Byzantine empire: and theFat¯.imids, 43, see also Daylam; G¯ılan¯ ; Gurgan¯ ; Ru¯yan¯ ; 138, 140, 145, 156, 173–179 passim, T. abaristan¯

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712 Index

Caspian Sea, 19, 112 Constantine VII, Byzantine emperor, 144 Caucasus, 346, 383, 421, 430 Constantine IX Monomachus, Byzantine Central Asia, 2, 7, 29, 30, 31, 33, 79, 186, emperor, 197–198 225, 316, 373, 391, 420, 427, 428, converts to Islam, non-Arab, see maw¯al¯ı 503 Copts, Christian communityin provenance of Umm al-kit¯ab, 93–94 Egypt, 159, 177, 180 Fat¯.imid da
wa to, 139, 203 Corbin, Henry, 31 Niza¯r¯ısof, 4, 316, 403, 406, 409, 410, on wal¯aya (‘initiation’), 83–84 412, 414, 434, 477, 488, 494, on early Isma¯
¯ılism, 92 502–503;Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı da
wa to, on Umm al-kit¯ab, 93 405, 432, 440, 451, 456 on Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 206 and Niza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism, 243 on T. ayyib¯ıdoctrine, 270, 273 see also Badakhshan; Transoxania; on Niza¯r¯ıdoctrine, 361 Tajikistan,etc. Cordoba, 142, 157, 161 Ceylon see Sri Lanka; Sarand¯ıb Corsica, 144 Chaghr¯ıBeg, Salju¯q am¯ır, 205 cosmogony, see creation chancery,of theFat¯.imids, see d¯ıw¯an cosmology, 440 al-insh¯a in doctrine of early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 131, Chandabhai Gulla Case, of 1917, 288, 289 133–136 Cha¯wl¯ı (Ja¯wal¯ı), see Fakhr al-D¯ınCha¯wl¯ı in Druze doctrine, 189–190 Cherubim, see kar¯ubiyy¯un Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı Neoplatonic doctrine of, 134, China, Chinese, 15, 19, 138, 433, 494, 496 222–234 passim Chingiz Khan, 382–383, 386, 388, 397 in doctrine of H. am¯ıd al-D¯ın Chir¯agh-rawshan, rite for the deadin al-Kirman¯ ¯ı, 233–234 Badakhshan, 494 in doctrine of T. ayyib¯ıs, 267, 269–274 Chitral, innorthern Pakistan, 95, 495 in gin¯ans, 409 Christianity, 10, 20, 130, 143, 369 court cases, see under Khojas and maw¯al¯ı, 56 creation and Ibn Days.an,¯ 102 in doctrine of Abu¯ Mans.u¯r, 70 originofSabaean doctrines, 227 in doctrine of al-Mugh¯ıra, 69–70 Christians, 11, 34, 335, 372, 430 in doctrine of Abu’l-Khat.t.a¯b, 86 appointed to high office by Fat¯.imids, in doctrine of early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 133–135 177, 212, 223, 244, 249 see also cosmology persecutedbytheFat¯.imid caliph Croker-Poole, Sarah (Begum Salimah), al-H. a¯kim, 180–181 first wifeof Aga Khan IV, 504 formed alliances with/against Muslims, Crusaders, 11, 331–332, 352 8, 388 provided earliest Christian/Western paying tributetoNiza¯r¯ıs, 389–390 reports of Niza¯r¯ıs, 11–12, 13–15, 22, civil wars, see under Islam 368 clients of Arabs, see maw¯al¯ı and Assassin legends, 328–329 College` deFrance, Paris, 22 and Niza¯r¯ıs, 11, 13, 301, 310, 334, 347, Companions of the Prophet 369–373 passim, 390 (.sah. aba¯ ), 36–37, 39, 44, 74, 181 opposed Fat¯.imids, 243–244, 250–251 condemnedbySh¯ı
¯ıs, 66, 74, 181 opposedSaladin, 254, 369 apostasy of, 83 threatenedDamascus, 349, 350 Congress Party (of India), 483 opposed Nu¯r al-D¯ın, 369 Conrad of Montferrat, king of the Latin opposedBaybarsI,400–401 state of Jerusalem, 13, 21, 372–373 used assassination, 328

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Index 713

Crusades Da¯u¯d¯ı, 285, 287, 289, 290, 292 First (1096–1099), 11, 244 Sulayman¯ ¯ı, 298, 299 Third (1189–1192), 13, 372 d¯a
¯ıqab¯ail Y¯am, 298 Fifth (1217–1221), 13 Damascus (Dimashq), 8, 17, 47, 74, 101, Seventh (1248–1254), 14, 390 123, 191, 197, 313, 334 Ctesiphon, see Mada¯in disputedbyQarmat.¯ısofBah. raynand Curdistan, see Kurdistan¯
Abbas¯ ids, 161–162 Curzon, George N.,Viceroy of India, 481 under Fat¯.imids, 163, 173–175, 179, Cutch, inGujarat,¯ 285, 291, 447, 464, 472, 192, 216 485 inNiza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism, 245 cyclicalhistory, 62, 65, 226 Niza¯r¯ı centre, 332, 333, 347–348 early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı, 131–133 Saladintook, 369 Fat¯.imid Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı, 223 under Mongols, 398–399 T. ayyib¯ı, 238–239, 269–272 Dama¯wand, in Persia, 321, 394 Niza¯r¯ı, 364–365, 381, 382, 440 Damg¯ han,¯ in Persia, 17, 313–314, 321, H. uru¯f¯ı, 421 353, 384, 386, 387, 388 see also dawr D¯amigh al-b¯at.il,of
Al¯ıb.Muh. ammad cyclicalinterpretation ofreligious history, Ibnal-Wal¯ıd, 210 see cyclicalhistory Dante, Italian poet, 19 d¯ar al-da
wa, 330, 333, 348, 400 Da
¯aim al-Isl¯am,of al-Qa¯d.¯ı d¯ar al-hijra (abodeof al-Nu
man,¯ 30, 169, 170, 214, 215, emigration), 108–109, 126, 149, 166, 222, 280, 294, 297, 299 326–328, 329, 339, 349 Dachraoui (al-Dashra¯w¯ı), Farhat Da¯r al-
Ilm(Da¯r al-H. ikma), Cairo, 181, (Farh. at),¯ 32 184, 199, 204, 220, 244, 253 Da¯du,¯ p¯ır, 447 d¯ar al-insh¯a,seed¯ıw¯anal-insh¯a D. ah. h. a¯kb.Jandal, 348, 352 Dara, castle, in Quhistan,¯ 319, 320 dah-yik (tithe), 433, 491 Da¯ra¯ Shuko¯h,Mughalprince, 283 d¯a
¯ı (summoner), 2, 3, 98, 232 al-Daraz¯ı,Muh. ammadb.Isma¯
¯ıl, Druze
Abbas¯ id, 76 leader, 187, 188 Fat¯.imid, 141, 181, 215, 219, 311 Daraziyya, see Druzes in Druzeorganization, 190 Darband (Ba¯b al-Abwa¯b), 154 Zuray
ids as, 256–257 Dar es Salaam, inTanzania, 291, 484, 486, S.ulayh. ids as, 263–264 497 T. ayyib¯ı, 263–266, 275–276 al-Dargaz¯ın¯ı, Qiwam¯ al-D¯ın, Salju¯q ofDaylam, 314, 327, 337, 344, 365 vizier, 337–338 Niza¯r¯ı, 301, 331–333, 360–361, 412, Darru¯d,village near N¯ısha¯pu¯r, 493 432;in doctrine of qiy¯ama, 361, 364; darw¯ısh (dervish), 412, 421, 432 Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı, 439–440, 441 Dasa Avat¯ara, gin¯an, 450 see also da
wa Dashta¯b, in Persia, 469 d¯a
¯ı al-bal¯agh, 218, 275, 285 Dasht-iLut,¯ desert, in Persia, 469 d¯a
¯ı al-du
¯at (chief d¯a
¯ı), 6, 168, 195, 204, dassondh (tithe), 443, 445, 448, 459, 474, 207, 214, 216, 220, 234, 253, 266, 499 311, 340 Dast¯ur al-munajjim¯ın, anonymous al-d¯a
¯ıal-mah. d¯ud (or al-mah. .s¯ur), 218 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıwork, 95 al-d¯a
¯ı al-mut.laq, 218, 241 Da¯u¯d, Salju¯q sultan, 346, 356 T. ayyib¯ı 239, 264–269 passim, 275 Da¯u¯db.al-
A¯ d. id,H. afi¯ z.¯ıimam, 253, inHujum¯ iyya doctrine, 284 254

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714 Index

Da¯u¯db.
Ajabsha¯h,T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, da
wat-kh¯ana,seed¯ar al-da
wa 280–281, 295 dawla, 2, 137, 211, 214 Da¯u¯db.
Al¯ı,governor of Medina, 91 dawr; adw¯ar (cycles, eras) Da¯u¯db.Sulayman¯ b. Da¯u¯db.al-
A¯ d. id, in doctrine of Ibnal-H. arb, 62 254 in ghul¯at doctrine, 65 Da¯u¯dBurhan¯ al-D¯ın b. Qut.bsha¯h,first in Umm al-kit¯ab, 93, 98 Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 280–282, 283, 295, 296 inearly Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıdoctrine, 131–132 Da¯u¯d¯ı Atba¯
-i Malak Vak¯ıl, see inFat¯.imid doctrine, 164–165, 208 Arta¯liswa¯las¯ in doctrine of Iranian school of Da¯u¯d¯ıs, Da¯u¯diyya, branch of T. ayyib¯ıs, philosophical Isma¯
¯ılism (4th/10th 30, 32–33, 276, 281–295 cent.), 226–228, 231–232 studied Ras¯ail Ikhw¯anal-S. af¯a, 236 inT. ayyib¯ıdoctrine, 269, 282, 380–382 fiqh for, 172, 294 inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine of qiy¯ama, 359–362, historiography, 240–241 380–382 schism withSulayman¯ ¯ıs, 3, 239, see also cyclicalhistory; dawr al-kashf; 280–282 dawr al-satr da
wa organization, 287, 289, 292–293 dawr al-fatra, 226–227 customs, 293–295 dawr al-jirm, 165 reformist groups, 289–290 dawr al-kashf (period of in East Africa, 291–292 manifestation), 128, 132, 165, see also Bohras 238–239, 271, 272, 288, 381 da
wa (Persian, da
wat), 3 dawr al-satr (period of concealment)
Abbas¯ id, 76–77 forpre-Fat¯.imid Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 96, 118, 128, early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı 2, 98, 102, 104, 107–116 132, 326 passim, 128 for Fat¯.imid Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 164–165 Fat¯.imid, 137–138, 141, 143, 144, 158, inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine of Alamut¯ period, 180, 183–184, 192, 198, 202–207 364, 375, 380–382, 441 passim, 210, 213–214, 238, 310–314 in Musta
l¯ı-T. ayyib¯ıdoctrine, 238–239, H. afi¯ z.¯ı, 253, 255–260 262, 271–272, 284 T. ayyib¯ı, 172, 260, 261, 264, 271, 273, dawr al-z.uh¯ur,seedawr al-kashf 275–276, 277, 280 dawr-i qiy¯amat, 360 Da¯u¯d¯ı, 287, 289, 292–293 dawr-i shar¯ı
at, 361 Sulayman¯ ¯ı, 295, 298 Day of Judgement, 65, 133, 208, 232 Niza¯r¯ı, 301, 325, 340, 344, 365–366, see also qiy¯ama 382;Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı, 405, 410, 425, Daylam, Daylaman,¯ region innorthern 431, 438–440, 451; to Syria, 331–334; Persia, 314, 317, 324, 327, 338, 346, to India, 385–386, 442–450 355, 374, 385, 392 related to spiritualhierarchy, 134–135, (dissident) Isma¯
¯ıl¯ısof, 112, 121, 152, 230–234 passim 154, 167 al-da
wa al-h¯adiya (the rightly guiding troops formedfaction inFat¯.imid army, mission), 2, 116, 213, 216, 292 178, 193 al-da
wa al-jad¯ıda (thenew jaz¯ıra of, 218 preaching), 339 Niza¯r¯ısof, 304, 316, 320, 358, 410, al-da
wa al-qad¯ıma (theold 416–417; H. asan-iS.abba¯h. ’s activities, preaching), 339 314–316, 324; and the Mongols, da
wat,seeda
wa 394–395; Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ıs, 414, da
wat-i jad¯ıd,seeal-da
wa al-jad¯ıda 415–416, 451 da
wat-i qiy¯amat, 360 underS.afawids, 417

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Index 715

Daysam b. Ibra¯h¯ımal-Kurd¯ı, 154 d¯ıw¯anal-maj¯alis, 213 Days.an¯ iyya, 102 D. iya¯ al-D¯ınJiwa¯bha¯¯ıb.Nu¯h. ,
Alaw¯ı De la Ravalie`re, PierreAlexandre, French Bohra d¯a
¯ı, 282 bishop and scholar, 21 D. iya¯ al-Mulk Ah. madb.Niz.am¯ al-Mulk, de Sacy, see Silvestre de Sacy Salju¯q vizier, 337 Deccan, the 283, 298, 428, 429, 448, Diya¯rBakr, 345 452–456 passim, 461 Dizba¯d,village, innorthern Defreme´ ry,Charles Franc¸ois, Khuras¯ an,¯ 406, 407, 492–493, 494 orientalist, 26 Diz-i Gunbadan,¯ see Girdku¯h Delhi, 277, 482, 483 Dizku¯h, see Sha¯hdiz D. eorh.¯ı, 315 Dohad, inIndia, 291 see also da
wa; Da¯u¯d¯ı Dozy, Reinhart, orientalist, 26 dervish, see darw¯ısh ‘drama in heaven’, inT. ayyib¯ı Dhahabiyya, Sufi order, 427, 435 doctrine, 269, 270–271 Dhima¯r, in Yaman, 265 Druzes, Druses, 22, 23, 25, 67, 332, 348 dhimm¯ıs(adherents of a revealedreligion, origins, 186–188 especially Judaism and Christianity, ‘hidden imams’, 105 living underprotection or dhimma doctrines, 189–190, 221, 372 of Islamic law), 55, 177, 180–181 in Sind, 200 DhuJ¯ ibla, S.ulayh. id capital, in designated as Muwah. h. idun,¯ 189 Yaman, 200, 257, 263 scriptures, 107 DhuMa¯ rmar, fortress, nearS.an
a¯, 267, Du Cange, Charles duFresne, 21 268 d. u
af¯a, 382, 441 al-Dhuayb b. Mus¯ aa¯ l-Wa¯di
¯ı dualism, 69–70, 102, 135–136 al-Hamdan¯ ¯ı,first T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ı Dubays, Mazyadid ruler, 196, 204 mut.laq, 264–265, 275 Dumluwa, in Yaman, 257 Dhuhl, Banu,¯ of
Ira¯q, 149 Duqa¯q, Salju¯qruler ofDamascus, 331, Dhu’l-Faqa¯r
Al¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Khal¯ıl 333, 334 Alla¯h I durkhana (Persian, darb-i kh¯ana), 473 Dhu’l-Qarnayn, 365 Duru¯z, see Druzes d¯ıd¯ar,visiting the imam, 433, 434, 457, Dust¯ Muh. ammad, founder of the 459, 463, 473, 492, 502 Ba¯rakza¯ydynasty of Afghanistan, 470 Dieterici,Friedrich,orientalist, 28 Dihkhuda,¯ pseudonymof H. asan-iS.abba¯h. East Africa (q.v.), 314 Da¯u¯d¯ıs(Bohras) of, 291–292, 293, D. irgham,¯ Fat¯.imid vizier, 251 486 Dir
iyya, nearRiya¯d. , 296 Niza¯r¯ıs(Khojas) of, 291, 477, 481, divine command, see amr 484–487, 488, 497, 499, 503 divinity ofimams, 64, 86, 93, 186, 189 East African MuslimWelfare Society, 488 d¯ıw¯an EasternIsma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, see Niza¯r¯ıs as registry, 43 E´ cole des Langues Orientales Vivantes, as Fat¯.imid administration, 213 Paris, 22 D¯ıw¯an,of Fida¯¯ıKhuras¯ an¯ ¯ı, 407 economics,seesocio-economicconditions D¯ıw¯an,of Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 205 Edessa (al-Ruha¯), nowinTurkey, 102, 331 d¯ıw¯anal-amw¯al, 213 education, 289, 290, 300, 487–488, d¯ıw¯anal-insh¯a or al-ras¯ail (chancery), 6, 492–493, 498, 502, 503 139, 203, 213, 245 Edward, prince, ofEngland,the future d¯ıw¯anal-jaysh (wa’l-raw¯atib), 213 King Edward I, 402

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716 Index

Edward VII, king of Great Britain, 474, Aga Khan III in, 481–482 481 Niza¯r¯ıimmigration to, 497, 500 Egypt, Egyptians, 11, 12, 14, 15, 21, 22, 44, and Assassin legends, 12–19 passim, 78, 125, 127, 142, 200, 400, 428, 496 328–329 histories of Fat¯.imids, 139–140 exaggeration in religion, see ghul¯at; famines, 192, 194, 198 ghuluww
Abd Alla¯h al-Mahd¯ıin, 125 seat of Fat¯.imid empire, 103, 138, Fabri,Felix, Dominican friar and 162–163;invasion/conquest, 142, traveller, 20 143, 149, 158–159,161–162;loss, Fad. l
Al¯ıKhan¯ Qarabag¯ h¯ı, Qa¯ja¯r governor 251–253; da
wa in, 143, 202, ofKirman,¯ 469 214–215; organization, 176, Fad. l Alla¯h Astara¯ba¯d¯ı, founder of the 212–213; treatment of non-Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, H. urufi¯ yya, 421–422 172, 180, 192 Fad. lb.Ab¯ı Yaz¯ıd, leader of anti-Fat¯.imid pro-Fat¯.imid plots, 253–254 revolt, 147, 157 inNiza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism, 241–242, al-Fad. lb.Ja
farb.al-Furat,¯ Fat¯.imid 324–325, 342, 363 w¯asit.a, 181 invadedbyQarmat.¯ıs, 162;by al-Fad. lb.S.a¯lih. ,Fat¯.imid general, 175, 181, Crusaders, 244, 250, 251 182 inH. afiz.¯ı–T. ayyib¯ı schism, 248 al-Fad. lb.Sha¯dhan,¯ Imam¯ ¯ı scholar, 108 abandoned Isma¯
¯ılism, 252 al-Fafa¯ b.
Al¯ıb.al-Fad. l, Qarmat.¯ı T. ayyib¯ısof, 238, 261 d¯a
¯ı, 122 under Ayyu¯bids, 253–254 Fahd, ra¯ıs, 368 under Mamlu¯ks, 398 Fahd b. Ibra¯h¯ım, Fat¯.imid secretary, 179, H. asan-iS.abba¯h. in, 312–313 181 Elements of Theology,ofProclus, 224 Fahrasat al-kutub,of Isma¯
¯ıl b.
Abd Elidigu¨zids, of Arran¯ and al-Rasu¯l al-Majdu¯
,seeFihrist A¯ dharbayjan,¯ 377, 386 al-kutub Eligidei, Mongol commander, 388 al-Fa¯iz,Fat¯.imid caliph, 259 Encyclopaedia of Islam, 30, 32 Fakhr al-DawlaNama¯warb.B¯ısutun,¯ England, 372, 388, 402 Ba¯dus¯ pan¯ id, 387 see further Britain; UnitedKingdom Fakhr al-D¯ın, son of Ta¯rmal, 276–277 Enneads,ofPlotinus, 224 Fakhr al-D¯ınCha¯wl¯ı (Ja¯wal¯ı), atabeg of Ephraim, Coptic patriarch, 177 Fa¯rs, 337 Epistles of the Brethren of Purity ( ...of the Fakhr al-D¯ınMuh. ammad al-Ra¯z¯ı, Sunn¯ı Sincere Brethren)seeRas¯ail Ikhw¯an theologian, 367 al-S. af¯a fal¯asifa, 232, 233, 234 eras ofhuman history, see cyclicalhistory; Falconet, Camille, 22 dawr FarEast, 291 eschatology, 60, 119, 188, 189, 231–232, al-Fa¯ra¯b¯ı,AbuNas¯ .r Muh. ammad, 267, 273–275, 366, 409 philosopher, 224, 233 see also qiy¯ama; soteriology Fara¯han,¯ incentralPersia, 423 esoteric interpretation, see taw¯ıl Farama,¯ 244 esotericism, 83–84, 129–130 Farghana,¯ in Central Asia, 203 see also b¯at.in Far¯ıdun¯ M¯ırza,¯ Qa¯ja¯r governor of Euphrates river, 45, 122, 149 Fa¯rs, 465 Europe, Europeans, 1, 4, 11, 144, 310, 368, Farrukh Sha¯h, A¯ qa,¯ son of Akbar 388, 408, 476 Sha¯h, 482 Da¯u¯d¯ıimmigration to, 291 Fa¯rs, in southern Persia, 203, 461, 469

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Index 717

IbnMu
a¯wiya in, 75 andQarmat.¯ısofBah. rayn, 9, 121, Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ıs in, 102, 109, 202 151–152, 161–162, 185 Fat¯.imid da
wa to, 203 andByzantines, 143, 176, 180–181 Niza¯r¯ısof, 321, 337, 436 andS.ulayh. ids, 198–200, 263–264 Ni
mat Alla¯hiyyaof, 427, 428 and Zuray
ids, 256–257 Sha¯h T. a¯hir Dakkan¯ı to, 453 and theCrusaders, 11, 243–244 in Qa¯ja¯r conquest, 461 Niza¯r¯ıplots against, 244, 325–326, 343, Sarda¯r Abu’l-H. asan Khan¯ to, 465 349 persecution ofSufis by Twelver Kha¯rij¯ırevolt against, 145–147
ulam¯a, 465–466 supported H. afi¯ z.iyya da
wa, 238 F¯ars-n¯ama,of Ibnal-Balkh¯ı, 337 split by Niza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism, 242; Fas¯ (Fez), inNorth Africa, 142, 156 see further Niza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism Fasha¯fu¯ya, see Pasha¯pu¯ya factions inarmy, 175, 178–179, Fas.l min al-lafz. al-shar¯ıf,of AbuF¯ iras,¯ 371 193–194, 252 fasting, see .sawm trade withEurope, 181 fath. , 134–135, 190, 230–231 trade with India, 201 Fath.
Al¯ıKhan¯ (Sha¯h) Qa¯ja¯r, 27, 462, literatur, 138, 221–234 passim; 463–464, 465, 480 preservedbyT. ayyib¯ıs, 241, 292 Fat.h. iyya, subgroup of Imam¯ iyya, 88 heritage retainedbyNiza¯r¯ısofSyria, Fath. -n¯ama, written by Juwayn¯ı, 305 302, 309 Fat¯ ik,Fat¯.imid governor of Aleppo, 183 libraries, 5, 139, 253 Fat¯.ima, daughter of the Prophet, 38, 48, jurisprudence, 167–171 57, 83, 94, 128, 273, 431 racial andreligious tolerance, 176–177 Fat¯.ima, wifeof Ja
far al-S.a¯diq, 91 doctrine, 221–223, 227–233;imamate, Fat¯.imid caliphate, 2, 310–311, 496 164–166, 186–188, 207–209; cyclical established, 102, 128 history, 221; Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı Neoplatonic consolidated, 141–142, 143–144 cosmology, 232–233, 234 seat transferred to Egypt, 162–163 da
wa, 202–207, 213–220; decline, 197, 246, 311, 313 organization, 213–221; to Ifr¯ıqiya, collapse, 237, 252, 369 126–128; to Muslim East, 183–185, organization, 211–213 202–203, 206–207; to Yaman, denouncedin Baghdad manifesto of 198–199, 263–264 402/1011, 101, 102, 103, 185 Fat¯.imiyyun,¯ 123, 128 see also Fat¯.imids Fayd. a¯ba¯d, inAfghan Badakhshan, 207, Fat¯.imids, 2, 3, 7, 123, 137, 237 495 genealogy, 100–101, 104, 185 Fayd. bakhsh, Sha¯hQas¯ im, Sufi master, as a branch of
Alids, 57, 73, 79, 83, 427 96 Fayd.¯ı, As¯ .afb.
Al¯ı As.ghar, see Fyzee, Asaf historiography, 32, 139, 305, 308 Ali Asghar North African phase, 128, 140–162; Fayyum,¯ 182 Sicily, 143–145 Fergusson, Sir James, 477 Egyptian phase, 140, 162–211; Fida¯¯ıKhuras¯ an¯ ¯ı,Muh. ammadb.Zayn conquest ofEgypt, 158–159 al-
A¯ bid¯ın, Niza¯r¯ı author, 407, 438, decline and overthrow, 197, 246–253, 492–493 369 fid¯a¯ıs (fid¯aw¯ıs) (self-sacrificing devotees), in Syria, 173–176, 183, 192, 332;in passim, 23, 244, 328–329, 333, 336, Aleppo, supportedbySalju¯q Rid. wan,¯ 343–356 12, 13–18 passim, 367, 368, 333 370, 386, 389, 395–396, 401–402 revolts against Ayyu¯bids, 253–254 fid¯aw¯ıs, see fid¯a¯ıs

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718 Index

Fihrist al-kutub,of Isma¯
¯ıl b.
Abd Geniza, collection ofpapers, 140 al-Rasu¯l al-Majdu¯
, 285 Genoa, inItaly, 144 Filippani-Ronconi, Pio, 95, 310 George V, king of Great Britain, 482 financial organization Georgia(Gurjistan),¯ 346, 356, 412 Da¯u¯d¯ı, 293–294 Gerhard, see Burchard Niza¯r¯ı: Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı, 432–434, 443, Germany, 14, 25, 390 445–446, 447–448;Khoja, 474–475, rule in East Africa, 291 488, 500–501 agents inFirst World War, 482 fiqh (jurisprudence), 68–69, 167–172, 181, Ghad¯ır, Sh¯ı
¯ıfeast, 177, 293 222, 280, 407 Ghad¯ır Khumm, 39, 97, 178, 247, 293 see also law,of Niza¯r¯ı community al-Gha¯fa¯, see al-Fafa¯ Firishta, Muh. ammadQas¯ imHindu¯ Sha¯h Gha¯lib,Mus.t.afa,¯ 32 Astara¯ba¯d¯ı, historian, 452–455 gh¯aliya,seeghul¯at passim ghan¯ıma (booty), 42 firman (farm¯an), 433, 487–488, 492, 497, al-Gharbiyya, in lowerEgypt, 249 499 Ghar¯ıb M¯ırza¯ (Mustans.ir bi’lla¯h III), First Afghan War, 1838–1842, 469 Niza¯r¯ıimam, 423, 425, 433, 435, 439 F¯ıru¯z,early d¯a
¯ı, 123, 125 Ghar¯ıb¯ı, see Khayrkhwa¯h-i Harat¯ ¯ı F¯ıru¯zku¯h, castle, in Daylam, 356, 394 Gharjistan,¯ 111 FitzGerald, Edward, 312 Gh¯ayat al-maw¯al¯ıd,of al-Khat.t.a¯bb. fleets, 143, 144–145, 250 al-H. asan, 105, 107, 264 France, 15, 144, 390 ghayba (occultation), 59, 60, 64, 191 scientific orientalism, 22 Ghayrat Khan,¯ deputy ofDa¯ra¯ Shuko¯hin embassyfrom Niza¯r¯ı Imam Gujarat,¯ 283 Muh. ammad III, 14, 388 al-Ghaza¯l¯ı,AbuH¯ . am¯ id Muh. ammad, Aga Khan III in, 481, 483 Sunn¯ı theologian, 9–10, 209–210, Niza¯r¯ı community of, 501 342 Franks, see Crusaders Gha¯zan,¯ ¯Ilkhan¯ id, 305 Fraser, James Baillie, Scottish traveller, 27 Ghaz.anfar, m¯ır of Hunza, 495 Frederick I Barbarossa, see Barbarossa Ghazna, in easternAfghanistan, 325 Frederick II, emperor of Germany, 390 Ghaznawids, of Afghanistan and Fundgruben des Orients, 23 Khuras¯ an,,¯ 139, 167, 188, 195, 200, Fust.at¯. (Old Cairo), 125, 159, 177, 181, 205, 316 190, 194, 246 Ghazza, in Palestine, 250, 251 fus. ¯ul,epistles, oflordsof Alamut,¯ 304, 361 Ghiyat¯ h,early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 111, 112–113, Fus.ul-i¯ arba
a (al-Fus.ul¯ al-arba
a), of 121–122 H. asan-iS.abba¯h. , 340–342 Ghiyat¯ h al-D¯ın, brother of Jala¯l al-D¯ın Fyzee, Asaf Ali Asghar, 30, 31, 172, 300 Khwa¯razmsha¯h, 386–387 Ghiyat¯ h al-D¯ın b. Humam¯ al-D¯ın Gabriel, see Jibra¯¯ıl Muh. ammad, see Khwan¯ d Am¯ır Galen (Ja¯l¯ınus),¯ 223 Ghiyat¯ h al-D¯ınMuh. ammad,Ghu¯rid, 374 Galiakot, inIndia, 277 Ghiyat¯ h al-D¯ınMuh. ammad, ¯Ilkhan¯ id Gandhi,Mahatma, 483 vizier, son ofRash¯ıd al-D¯ın, 307 Ganja, inTranscaucasia, 386 Ghiyat¯ h al-D¯ınMuh. ammad I, Salju¯q Ganod, inGujarat,¯ 448 sultan, see Muh. ammad Tapar garrison town, see mis.r Ghulam¯
Al¯ıb.Muh. ammad, Ga¯wba¯ras, ofRustamda¯r, 417 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ı Geneva, 483, 496, 503 author, 414, 454

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Index 719

Ghulam¯ H. usayn(Khan Bahadur H.H. Christian, 102 Malik), leader of Valentinian, 69, 93 Mahd¯ıbag¯ hwa¯las,¯ 288 in Umm al-kit¯ab, 93–94 Ghulam¯ H. usaynal-H. a¯jj, see H. usam Goa, inIndia, 453 al-D¯ınal-H. a¯jj Ghulam¯ H. usayn Goeje, Michael Jan de, orientalist, 26, ghul¯at, 63–67, 75, 129, 430 151 inJa
far al-S.a¯diq’scircle, 84 Golconda, inthe Deccan, 455 and Umm al-kit¯ab, 93–94 Goldziher,Ignaz,orientalist, 34 and originofDruze ideas, 186, Gorno-Badakhshan region, in 189 Ta¯jikistan,¯ 408, 495, 502 term d¯a
¯ı usedby, 219 Gospels, 93 used assassination, 70, 328 Great Britain, see Britain; England; United denouncedbyH. aydar Amu¯ l¯ı, 420 Kingdom ghuluww (exaggeration in religion), 63, Great Resurrection, see qiy¯amat 64, 188 al-qiy¯am¯at Ghu¯r, region inAfghanistan, 111, 356 Greek philosophy, 222, 223, 237 Ghu¯rids, of Ghu¯r andKhuras¯ an,¯ 356, 374, Greeks, in Sicily, 143 376, 383 Gregory IX, Pope, 390 Ghuzz, see Oghuz Turks Griffini, Eugenio, orientalist, 28 G¯ılan,¯ innorthern Persia, 344, 357, 375 guilds(as.n¯af), Islamic, 115 early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa to, 112, 152 Gujarat,¯ 30, 33, 138, 280, 286, 472 underSalju¯qs, 337, 338 da
wa activities to: early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı, 201; Niza¯r¯ıs in, 342, 346, 355, 387, 392, 415 Fat¯.imid, 200–201; T. ayyib¯ı, 238, 268, under Am¯ır Kiya¯¯ıSayyids, 415–416 276; Niza¯r¯ı, 385, 386, 457; Nuqt.aw¯ıs in, 422 Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı, 438, 443, 447–448, underS.afawids, 417, 422 457; T. ayyib¯ıs (subsequently Da¯u¯d¯ıs) G¯ılan¯ ¯ı,Mulla¯ Shaykh
Al¯ı, historian, 417 of, 276–280 passim, 290–291, 292, Gilgit, innorthern Pakistan, 495 294 gin¯an (gn¯an), 32, 385–386, 409, 442–451 Sulayman¯ ¯ısof, 298–299 passim, 457
Alaw¯ıBohras of, 282 Girdba¯zu,¯ son ofSha¯h Gha¯z¯ıRustam Niza¯r¯ısof, 409, 448, 477; Momnas,¯ 448 I, 344–345, 357 Imam-¯ Sha¯h¯ısof, 444–447 Girdku¯h, fortress, nearDamg¯ han,¯ in Niz.am-¯ Sha¯h¯ı state and, 455 Persia, 112, 316, 384 emigration to East Africa, 485–486 Marco Polo’s possiblevisitto,17 Gujarat¯ ¯ı (language), 240, 294, 299, 409, Niza¯r¯ısof, 321, 337, 342, 343–344, 353; 432, 446 in Mongolinvasions, 391, 394, 397, Gulshan-i Ibr¯ah¯ım¯ı,seeTar¯ıkh-i Firishta 398, 401, 410, 411 Gulshan-i r¯az,of Mah. mu¯d Girgenti, in Sicily, 143, 144 Shabistar¯ı, 419, 427, 428, 454 Girishk, inAfghanistan, 469 Gum¨ us¨ htigin, ruler of Aleppo, 369–370 Global CenterforPluralism, Ottawa, Gurgan,¯ in Persia, 112, 152, 155 503 Guyard, Stanislas, orientalist, 27–28 gnosticism (
irf¯an), 84, 102, 270, 273, Gu¨yu¨k,Great Khan, 388 420–421, 428 in doctrine of: Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 84, 130, 135; H. abba¯rid dynasty,ofSind, 167 Mandaeans, 135; Manichaeans, 93, H. ab¯ıb b. Muz.a¯hir, 49, 50 136; Mugh¯ıriyya, 69–70; H. ab¯ıb al-D¯ınMuh. ibb Alla¯h,grandson of Mukhammisa, 94; Nus.ayr¯ıs, 194 Ni
mat Alla¯h Wal¯ıKirman¯ ¯ı, 429

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720 Index

H. ab¯ıb Ibra¯h¯ım, leader of the Barbhai H. ak¯ım
Al¯ı G¯ılan¯ ¯ı, physician to the dissident Niza¯r¯ıKhojas, 474–476 Mughal emperor Akbar, 281 Habibbhai,Ahmed, Barbhaidissident al-H. ak¯ımal-Munajjim, Niza¯r¯ıleaderin Khoja, 476 Syria, 332–333, 334 al-Ha¯d¯ı,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 89 H. a¯kimiyya, see Druzes al-Ha¯d¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıimam, 364 H. alam b. Shayban,¯ d¯a
¯ı ofSind, 104, 167 H. ad¯ıqatal-ma
¯an¯ı,of Fida¯¯ıKhuras¯ an¯ ¯ı, al-H. alla¯j,al-H. usayn b. Mans.u¯r, Sufi 407 master, 148 h. ad¯ıth, 39, 69, 80, 83, 92, 103, 111, 169, Halm, Heinz, 32, 123, 133 170, 181, 222 H. ama,¯ in Syria, 100, 335, 349, 350, 370, H. ad. ramawt, inArabia, 199, 296 398, 399, 400, 401, 408, 489–490 al-H. afi¯ z.,Fat.imid caliph, 238, 246–248 Hamadan,¯ in Persia, 111, 202, 346, 356, passim, 249–250, 253, 256, 257, 258, 377, 392, 396, 418, 436 261–262, 265, 266 H. amd Alla¯h Mustawf¯ıQazw¯ın¯ı, historian H. afi¯ z. Abru,¯ historian, 307–308 and geographer, 26, 307 H. afi¯ z.¯ıs, H. afi¯ z.iyya, branch of Musta
lians, Hamdan,¯ Banu,¯ of Yaman, 198–199, 255, 3, 200, 238, 240, 247–248, 249–250, 257–258, 259, 264–265, 268 253, 254, 255–260, 262, 265, 325 Hamdan,¯ district in Yaman, 298 Haft b¯ab,of AbuIs¯ h. a¯qQuhistan¯ ¯ı, 433 H. amdan¯ Qarmat., Qarmat.¯ıleaderin Haft b¯ab-iB¯ab¯aSayyidn¯a, anonymous
Ira¯q, 102, 107–109, 110, 116–117, Niza¯r¯ıwork, 303, 365 120, 121, 124, 125 Hajar, in easternArabia, 110, 148 Hamdani,Abbas, 32, 107, 236 al-h. ajar al-aswad, see BlackStone of the al-Hamdan¯ ¯ı,al-H. usayn b. Fayd. Alla¯h, 30 Ka
ba al-Hamdan¯ ¯ı,Muh. ammad
Al¯ıb.Fayd. Haj¯ıra, fortress, in Syria, 370 Alla¯h, Da¯u¯d¯ıBohrascholar, 287 h. ajj (pilgrimage to Mecca), 39, 126, 169, H. amdan¯ ids, of
Ira¯q andSyria, 161, 175, 294, 359, 442, 468 177, 178, 183, 194 al-H. ajja¯jb.Yusu¯ f,Umayyad governor of Hamdan¯ ids, ofS.an
a¯ 200, 238, 255,
Ira¯q, 53–54, 56, 71 257–260 passim, 266, 267 H. a¯jj¯ı A¯ khun¯ d, see Fida¯¯ıKhuras¯ an¯ ¯ı H. amdun,¯ Banu,¯ of North Africa, 157, H. a¯jj¯ıB¯ıb¯ı, daughter of Jang¯ıSha¯h, 481, 160 491 H. am¯ıd al-D¯ınal-Kirman¯ ¯ı, see al-Kirman¯ ¯ı, Hajji Bibi Case, of 1908, 481, 491 H. am¯ıd al-D¯ın H. a¯jj¯ı M¯ırza¯ A¯ qas¯ ¯ı, Qa¯ja¯r chief minister, al-H. amid li’lla¯hDa¯u¯db.al-
A¯ d. id,H. afi¯ z.¯ı 467–468 passim, 472 imam, see Da¯u¯db.al-
A¯ d. id H. a¯jj¯ı Muh. ammad
Al¯ı,governor of al-H. am¯ id¯ı,
Al¯ıb.H. at¯ im, T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ı Shahr-iBa¯bak, 468 mut.laq, 266 H. a¯jj¯ı Zaman¯ Khan,¯ Qa¯ja¯r governor of al-H. am¯ id¯ı,H. at¯ im b. Ibra¯h¯ım, T. ayyib¯ı Yazd, 463 d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 236, 259, 265–266 al-H. aju¯r,clan, of Yaman, 264 al-H. am¯ id¯ı,Ibra¯h¯ım b. al-H. usayn, T. ayyib¯ı H. akam, Banu,¯ of Yaman, 266 d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 106, 261, 264–265, 266, al-H. akam II, Umayyad caliph in Spain, 269–270, 275 157 H. amma¯d, Banu,¯ of theMaghrib, 180, 263 al-H. a¯kim, Fat¯.imid caliph, 105, 155, 158, H. amma¯db.Bulugg¯ın b. Z¯ır¯ı, founder of 178–181, 182–191 passim, 202, 211, theH. amma¯did dynasty, 180 215, 247 H. amma¯dids, of theMaghrib, 180, 202 divinityforDruzes, 186–189, 207 Hammer(-Purgstall), Joseph von, al-H. a¯kim, mosque, Cairo, 214, 290 orientalist and diplomat, 25–26

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Index 721

H. amza b.
Al¯ıb.Ah. mad, Druze H. asan
Al¯ı (Sayyid H. asan Beg), Niza¯r¯ı leader, 187–190 passim imam, 459 H. amza b.
Uma¯raal-Barbar¯ı, 59–60 H. asan
Al¯ı M¯ırza,¯ Mura¯d M¯ırza¯¯ıleader, H. anaf¯ıSunnism, 80, 172, 324, 453 491 H. anafids, branch of
Alids, 57, 58, 60, 76, H. asan
Al¯ıSha¯h, Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I, see Ag¯ ha¯ 79–80 Khan¯ I, H. asan
Al¯ıSha¯h H. anbal¯ıSunnism, 172, 296 al-H. asan al-A
s.am, Qarmat.¯ı commander H. an¯ıfa, Banu,¯ 52 in Bah. rayn, 161–162, 163, 173 h. aq¯aiq, 129–132, 169, 222, 265, 267, 268, al-H. asan al-
Askar¯ı,Twelverimam, 89, 269, 381, 440 108 h. aq¯ıqa al-H. asan b.
Abd Alla¯hb.
Al¯ıb.al-Wal¯ıd, for early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 129–132 T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 268 inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine, 360, 361, 364, 366, H. asan b. A¯ dam b. Sulayman,¯ w¯al¯ı, 278 380–381, 382;Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı, 433, 442 al-H. asan b.
Al¯ı,Z¯ırid, 202 forSufis, 366, 431 al-H. asan b.
Al¯ıb.Ab¯ı T. a¯lib, imam, in doctrine of H. aydar Amu¯ l¯ı, 420 48–49, 52, 58, 81, 83, 86, 90, 91, in Pandiy¯at of Mustans.ir bi’lla¯h II, 433 94 h. aqq al-nafs, 294 transmitted nas..s, 81 h. aqq-i im¯am, 434 inearly Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı enumeration ofimams, Harat,¯ 111, 113, 393, 411, 419, 422, 428, 97 429, 431, 434, 465, 469, 470 al-H. asan b.
Al¯ıb.al-H. asan b.
Al¯ıb. H. ara¯z, in Yaman, 198–199, 255, 259, Muh. ammadb.al-H. anafiyya,
Alid, 265–266, 267, 268, 291, 296, 297, 298 61 H. arbiyya, subgroup ofKaysan¯ iyya, 62–63 al-H. asan b.
Al¯ıb.Muh. ammadb. Ha¯rij, inIndia, 277 al-H. anafiyya,
Alid, 61 H. a¯rithiyya, see H. arbiyya al-H. asan b.
Al¯ı al-Kalb¯ı,governor of H. arran,¯ in
Ira¯q, 77, 192, 227 Sicily, 144 Ha¯run¯ (Aaron), 132 al-H. asan b.
Al¯ı al-Ut.rus¯ h,al-Nas¯.ir Ha¯run¯ b. Ghar¯ıb,
Abbas¯ id general, 149 li’l-H. aqq,Zayd¯ıimam in Daylam, Ha¯run¯ al-Rash¯ıd,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 89, 96 153, 314 Ha¯run¯ ¯ı Zayd¯ıSayyids, of T¯ımjan,¯ 416 al-H. asan b.
Amma¯r, Kutama¯ chief and H. aru¯ra¯, in
Ira¯q, 46 Fat¯.imid w¯asit.a, 178–179 H. aru¯riyya, early Kha¯rij¯ıs 46 al-H. asan b. Idr¯ıs b. al-H. asan b. al-Wal¯ıd, Harvard University, 496, 504 T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 268, 279 al-H. asa,¯ see al-Ah. sa¯ al-H. asan b. Isma¯
¯ıl A¯ l Shibam¯ H. asan, p¯ır,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı w¯al¯ı inGujarat,¯ 277 al-Makram¯ı, Sulayman¯ ¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 297 H. asan, H. asan Ibra¯h¯ım, 32, 151 al-H. asan b. Jannun,¯ Idr¯ısid, 156 H. asan, son of theFat¯.imid caliph H. asan b. Mans.u¯r al-Yaman, 166 al-H. afi¯ z., 249 H. asan b. Nam¯ a¯war, brother-in-law and H. asan II
al¯adihkrihi’l-sal¯am,Niza¯r¯ı murderer of H. asan II
al¯a imam andlord of Alamut,¯ 302, dhikrihi’l-sal¯am, 363 357–363, 364–370 passim, 378, al-H. asan b. al-Qas¯ im, al-Da¯
¯ı al-S.agh¯ır, 380–381, 385 Zayd¯ıimam in Daylam, 112 Niza¯rid Fat¯.imid ancestry, 363–364 al-H. asanb.al-S.abba¯h. ,see H. asan-iS.abba¯h. H. asan III, Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Jala¯l al-D¯ın H. asan b. S.ala¯h. Munsh¯ıB¯ırjand¯ı, ra¯ıs, H. asan III Niza¯r¯ıhistorian, 355–356 H. asan A¯ dam Qas.ran¯ ¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıleaderin al-H. asan b. Sanbar, Qarmat.¯ıdignitary in Persia, 343 Bah. rayn, 110, 151, 210

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722 Index

al-H. asan b.
Ubayd Alla¯hb.T. ughj, H. assan¯ b. Mufarrijb.Daghfal, Ikhsh¯ıdid governor ofSyria, 161–162 Jarra¯h. id, 182, 192 al-H. asan b. Zayd,al-Da¯
¯ı al-Kab¯ır, H. at¯ im, Banu,¯ of Yaman, 259 founder of an
Alid Zayd¯ıdynastyin H. at¯ im b. Ah. madb.
Imran,¯ H. am¯ıd T. abaristan,¯ 153 al-Dawla, Hamdan¯ id ruler of H. asan Darya,¯ H. asan Kab¯ır al-D¯ın’s S.an
a¯, 259, 265 shrine, 444 H. at¯ im b. al-Ghash¯ımal-Mughallas¯ı, H. asan Kab¯ır al-D¯ın, p¯ır, 443–445 passim, Hamdan¯ id, 258 446, 447 H. at¯ im b. H. imas¯ b. al-Qubayb, H. asan Nu¯ran¯ ¯ı, leader of Hamdan¯ id, 258–259 Mahd¯ıbag¯ hwa¯las,¯ 288 H. at¯ im b. Ibra¯h¯ım, see al-H. am¯ id¯ı,H. at¯ im H. asan P¯ır,sonofSayyid Fa¯d. il Sha¯h, 448 b. Ibra¯h¯ım H. asana¯ba¯d, inMazagaon, Bombay, H. at¯ im b. Saba b. al-Ya
bur¯ı, 266 mausoleum of Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I, 476, 480 Hawdigan¯ range, inthecentral Alburz H. asanak,Ghaznawid vizier, 200 mountains, 318 H. asan-i Ma¯zandaran¯ ¯ı 392 H. awran,¯ in Syria, 189 H. asan-iS.abba¯h. ,Niza¯r¯ıleader and Hawzan, in Yaman, 298 founder of Niza¯r¯ı state, 3, 9, 21, 243, H. aydar, S.afawid shaykh, 430 245, 301, 302, 332, 345, 355, 357, H. aydar Amu¯ l¯ı, Baha¯ al-D¯ın, Twelver 358, 368, 395, 397, 402 scholar, 420 writings, 305 H. aydarb.Muh. ammad al-Mut.ahhar, biographies of, 305, 307, 311–312 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıimam, 455 early career, 202, 206, 311–316 H. aydarb.Sha¯h T. a¯hir,Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı established at Alamut,¯ 318–319, 324 Niza¯r¯ıimam, 454–455 as head of theNiza¯r¯ı da
wa and state, H. aydara, son of theFat¯.imid caliph 301–302, 326, 332, 337 al-H. afi¯ z., 249 recognized as h. ujja of the imam, 301, H. aydara¯ba¯d, inGujarat,¯ 30, 298, 470 326, 342, 344, 359, 360, 364, 382 H. ayfa,¯ in Palestine, 243 anddoctrine of ta
l¯ım, 339–342, 364 haykal n¯ur¯an¯ı (templeoflight), 274–275 inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine of the qiy¯ama, al-Haytham, early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı in 359–360, 362 Sind, 110 and Niza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism, 242–243 hay¯ul¯a (matter), inIsma¯
¯ıl¯ı H. asan-iS.ala¯h. Munsh¯ı, see S.ala¯h. al-D¯ın cosmology, 229, 234, 271 H. asan-i Mah. mu¯d H. ayyan¯ al-Sarra¯j, 60 H. asanids, branch of
Alids, 57, 68, 75, 79, Haza¯rasfb.Fakhr al-DawlaNama¯war, 80 Ba¯dus¯ pan¯ id, 344 H. as¯.bayya,¯ in Syria, 348 Haza¯rasfb.Shahrnus¯ hb.Haza¯rasf, Has¯ him, Banu,¯ see Has¯ himids Ba¯dus¯ pan¯ id, 344, 367 Has¯ himids, the Prophet’sclan of the Haza¯raspids, ofDaylam, 416–417 Quraysh, 37, 41, 43, 57–58, 64, 71, Haza¯rmard,Hizabr al-Mulu¯k,Fat¯.imid 74, 79 vizier, 246 Has¯ himiyya,
Abbas¯ id capitalin
Ira¯q, 78 Hebrewlanguage, 184, 233 Has¯ himiyya, early Sh¯ı
¯ı group, 61–62, 67, Hell, 134 76 deniedbyghul¯at, 65 h. ash¯ısh, 13, 23, 24, 328–329 in doctrine of Abu¯ Mans.u¯r, 70 h. ash¯ısh¯ıs, h. ash¯ıshiyya, 10, 11, 23–24, inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine, 360, 413 116 inNuqt.aw¯ıdoctrine, 422 H. assan¯ b. Jarra¯h. ,Jarra¯h. id, 163, 195 inT. ayyib¯ıdoctrine, 275

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Index 723

Hellenistic wisdom, see Greek philosophy Hila¯l, Banu,¯ 201 Henry III, king ofEngland, 388 Hila¯l¯ıinvasion, of North Africa, 201–202 Henry III, king of France, 20 H. illa, in
Ira¯q, 185 Henry IV, king of France, 20 H. imas¯ b. al-Qubayb,Hamdan¯ id, 258 Henry of Champagne, ruler of the Latin H. ims. (Homs), in Syria, 123, 175, 333, state of Jerusalem, 13 347, 369, 400, 489 d’Herbelot, Barthe´lemy,early H. imyar, Banu,¯ of Yaman, 199, 265 orientalist, 21 Hind, 218, 266, 298, 438 hermeneutics, see taw¯ıl see also India; Indian subcontinent; Het
um, king ofLittleArmenia, 399 South Asia Hibat Alla¯hb.Ibra¯h¯ımal-Makram¯ı, Hindu Kush, mountains, in Central Sulayman¯ ¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 296 Asia, 207, 452, 494 Hibat Alla¯hb.Isma¯
¯ıl b.
Abd al-Rasu¯l Hindus, Hinduism, 4, 276, 277, 282, al-Majdu¯
, founder of 286, 288, 294, 295, 299, 385–386, Hiptias, 285–286 404, 444, 446, 447–450, 475–476, Hibat Alla¯h al-Muayyad fi’l-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı 504 d¯a
¯ı, 285 Hindustanilanguage, 444 al-Hid¯aya al-Amiriyya¯ ,of theFat¯.imid Hiptias (Hibtias), subgroup ofDa¯u¯d¯ı caliph al-Am¯ ir, 245–246, 325, 326, Bohras, 285–286 343 al-H. ¯ıra, nearKu¯fa, 92 Hida¯yat, Rid. a¯ Qul¯ıKhan,¯ historian, 408 Hisham¯ II, Umayyad caliph in Spain, 158 hidden imams (al-aimma al-mast¯ur¯ın) Hisham¯ b.
Abd al-Malik,Umayyad forpre-Fat¯.imid Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 99, 100, 104, caliph, 71, 72, 73, 74 112 Hisham¯ b. al-H. akam, Imam¯ ¯ı scholar, 81, in Druze literature, 105 84, 89 in ancestry of
Abd Alla¯h al-Mahd¯ı, Hisham¯ b. al-Qubayb,Hamdan¯ id, 258 105–106, 107;pseudonyms, 104, 118 Hisham¯ b. Sa¯limal-Jawa¯liq¯ı,Imam¯ ¯ı for Niza¯r¯ıs, 325–326, 344, 456 scholar, 84 for T. ayyib¯ıs, 238–239, 285, 288, 292 H. is.nal-Akra¯d, see Krakdes Chevaliers see also dawr al-star H. is.nal-Khad. ra¯, fortress, in
Adan, 255 hierarchy H. is.nal-Ta
kar, fortress, nearDhu¯ in da
wa organization: early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı, Jibla, 255 117–118, 130, 134; Fat¯.imid, historiography 217–219;Druze, 190 of Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 2, 4–10, 99;problems of, spiritual, 85–86, 134–135; analogous 87 with terrestrial, 230–234 passim of Niza¯r¯ıs, 6–10, 304–309, 405–409 see also h. ud¯ud of Fat¯.imids, 139–140 High Court, ofBombay, see Bombay High of Musta
lians, 239–241 Court of T. ayyib¯ıs, 240–241 H. ija¯z,the, 51, 52, 73, 80, 89, 95, 103, 206, see also archaeological evidence; 287, 468 literature; numismaticevidence partof Fat¯.imid empire, 139, 161, 176, Hodgson, Marshall Goodwin S., 24, 32, 198 310 in rebellion of Mufarrij, 182 on Niza¯r¯ıs, 338, 355, 361, 397 underSa
u¯d¯ıs, 296–297 on authority ofimam, 81–82 hijra (emigration), of the Prophet, 36 on .tar¯ıqa Sh¯ı
ism, 426 h. ikma, 214, 215, 379 Holy Land, 11, 14, 18, 20, 352, 372, al-h. ikma al-il¯ahiyya, 420–421 390

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724 Index

Holy Sepulchre, church of the, in H. urufi¯ yya, 421–422, 426 Jerusalem, 180–181, 182, 192, 197 H. usam¯ al-DawlaArdash¯ır, horse racing, 476, 483 Ba¯wandid, 367, 374 Hospitallers, see Knights Hospitaller H. usam¯ al-Dawla Shahriya¯rb.Qa¯rin, housing, 488, 503 Ba¯wandid, 337 Huart, Clement,´ orientalist, 30 H. usam¯ al-D¯ın b. Dumla¯j,Niza¯r¯ı h. ud¯ud, h. ud¯udal-d¯ın, 118, 126, 130, 164, commanderinAleppo, 335 213–214, 217, 219, 231, 234, 275 H. usam¯ al-D¯ınal-H. ajj Ghulam¯ H. usayn, in Druzeterminology, 190 Sulayman¯ ¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 297 in Da¯u¯d¯ı da
wa, 292 H. usayn, Muh. ammadKam¯ il, 31 celestial, inT. ayyib¯ıdoctrine, 270–274 H. usayn, son of H. asan-iS.abba¯h. , 344 Hugh of Caesarea, Frankish envoy to al-H. usayn, son of Zikrawayh b. Fat¯.imid Egypt, 251 Mihrawayh, 122–123 h. ujja (proof), 127, 165, 263, 288 al-H. usaynal-Ahwa¯z¯ı,early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı inImam¯ ¯ıdoctrine, 83, 364 d¯a
¯ı, 102, 107 inearly Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıdoctrine, 117–118 al-H. usayn b. Ah. madb.
Abd Alla¯h, as rankinIsma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa organization, concealed Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıimam, 100, 118, 200, 206, 208, 218, 220, 234, 106–107 264, 275 al-H. usayn b.
Al¯ı, S.a¯h. ib Fakhkh,
Alid as guardian ofimam, 106, 414 leader of anti-
Abbas¯ id revolt, 89 inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine, 3, 301, 342, 359, al-H. usayn b.
Al¯ıb.Ab¯ı T. a¯lib, 360–361, 364, 365, 382;for imam, 49–50, 51, 52, 57, 58, 73, 83, Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ıs, 439–440, 442; 90, 94, 109 H. asan-iS.abba¯h. as, 326, 342, 344, transmitted nas..s, 81, 83 359–364 passim, 382 inearly Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı enumeration ofimams, in worksofKhayrkhwa¯h-i Harat¯ ¯ı, 433, 97 434, 441, 491 commemorated on
Ash¯ur¯a¯ , 177, 294, Mura¯d M¯ırza¯ as, 491 492;byDa¯u¯d¯ıs, 284, 294 al-h. ujja al-layl¯ı, 285 shrine of, 109, 455 h. ujjat-i a
z.am, 439 al-H. usayn b.
Al¯ıb.Muh. ammadb. H. ujr b.
Ad¯ı al-Kind¯ı, 45, 49 al-Wal¯ıd,T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 267 Hujum¯ iyya, subgroup ofDa¯u¯d¯ı al-H. usayn b.
Al¯ıb.al-Nu
man,¯ Abu¯
Abd Bohras, 284, 285 Alla¯h,Fat¯.imid chief q¯ad.¯ı,grandson Hu¨legu(H¨ u¯lag¯ u),¯ founder of the ¯Ilkhan¯ id of al-Qa¯d.¯ı al-Nu
man,¯ 172, 181 dynasty ofPersiaand
Ira¯q, 13, 18, al-H. usayn b.
Al¯ı al-Marwaz¯ı,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı 304–305, 306, 379, 388–398 passim, d¯a
¯ı, 111, 113, 116, 122 411 al-H. usayn b. Idr¯ıs b. al-H. asan b. al-Wal¯ıd, h. ul¯ul (incarnation), 64, 65, 67, 189 T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 269 al-H. ulwan¯ ¯ı, d¯a
¯ı, 126 al-H. usayn b. Jawhar,Fat¯.imid w¯asit.a, 180, H. umayma, in Palestine, 61, 76, 77 181 Hunza, innorthern Pakistan, 207, 433, H. usayn b. Ya
qu¯bSha¯hQa¯in¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı 491, 495–496 poet, 491 al-H. urr al-
Am¯ il¯ı,Muh. ammadb. al-H. usayn b. Z. a¯hir al-Wazzan,¯ 181 al-H. asan, Twelver scholar, 168 H. usaynIs.fahan¯ ¯ı, S.afawid official, 453 h. ur¯uf (lettersof thealphabet): symbolic H. usayn Qa¯in¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 314, 318–319, natureof, 69, 134, 421–422 344 al-h. ur¯ufal-
ulwiyya (higherletters), in H. usaynYazd¯ı,Mulla,¯ 463 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı cosmology, 134, 230, 234 H. usayn¯ıSa¯dat¯ Am¯ır, Sufi master, 419, 428

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Index 725

H. usaynids, branch of
Alids, 57–58, 69, Ibn Days.an¯ (Bardesanes), 102, 227 71, 75, 81, 83, 84, 431, 452 Ibnal-Fad. l, d¯a
¯ı, see
Al¯ıb.al-Fad. l Hussein, Prince, son of Aga Khan IV, 504 Ibnal-Furat,¯
Abbas¯ id vizier, 148 H. ut.ayb, fortress, inH. ara¯z, 266 Ibnal-H. anafiyya, see Muh. ammadb. Hyde, Thomas, 21 al-H. anafiyya Hyderabad, see H. aydara¯ba¯d IbnHan¯ i,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıpoet, 30, 159–160 Ibnal-H. arb, see
Abd Alla¯hb.al-H. arb Iamblichus, philosopher, 224 IbnH. awqal,Abu’l-Qas¯ im, geographer
ib¯ad¯at, 169 and traveller, 111, 120, 121, 154, 218 see further h. ajj; .sal¯at; .sawm; etc. IbnH. awshab, Mans.u¯r al-Yaman, early Iba¯d. iyya, subgroup ofKha¯rij¯ıs, 141, Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı and authorin Yaman, 6, 145 109–110, 122, 125, 126, 166, 198 ib¯ah. a (antinomianism), 66, 102, 130, 154, IbnH. azm,
Al¯ıb.Ah. mad, Sunn¯ı 225, 226, 372 heresiographer, 59 see also libertinism IbnHubayra, Umayyad governor of ibd¯a
(creation ex nihilo), 229, 233, 269,
Ira¯q, 77 274 IbnIsfandiya¯r,Muh. ammadb.al-H. asan, Ibl¯ıs, 271–272 historian, 308 Ibn
Abd al-Qaw¯ı,Fat¯.imid chief d¯a
¯ı, 253 Ibnal-Jawz¯ı, Sibt., see Sibt. Ibnal-Jawz¯ı Ibn
Abd al-Z. a¯hir, biographer ofBaybars IbnJubayr,Andalusian traveller, 370 I, 399 Ibn Khaldun,¯
Abd al-Rah. man,¯ IbnAb¯ıKhinz¯ır,Fat¯.imid am¯ır of historian, 157 Sicily, 143 Ibn Khallikan,¯ Ah. madb.Muh. ammad, IbnAb¯ı T. ayyi, historian, 261 biographer, 168 IbnAbi’l-Baghl, 235 Ibnal-Khashsha¯b, q¯ad.¯ı, 347 IbnAbi’l-Fawa¯ris, Fat¯.imid am¯ır of Ibn Killis, Fat¯.imid vizier, 158, 163, 175, Sicily, 143 176–177, 212, 214–215 Ibnal-
Ad¯ım, Kama¯l al-D¯ın, historian, 6, Ibnal-Kurd¯ı, Druze leader, 188 309, 334, 372 IbnMadyan, d¯a
¯ı, 261–262 Ibn
Amma¯r,Fat¯.imid q¯ad.¯ı of Ibnal-Maghrib¯ı,Fat¯.imid vizier, 196–197 Alexandria, 242 IbnMa¯lik al-H. amma¯d¯ı al-Yaman¯ ¯ı, Ibn
Amma¯r al-Kutam¯ ¯ı, see al-H. asan b. Muh. ammad, Yaman¯ıhistorian and
Amma¯r jurist, 120 IbnAnaz, see Muh. ammadb.Anaz Ibnal-Mamun¯ al-Bat.a¯ih.¯ı,Jama¯l al-D¯ın, Ibnal-
Arab¯ı, Sufi master, 420 historian, 245 Ibnal-Ash
ath, leader ofrevolt, 56 IbnMas.a¯l,Fat¯.imid vizier, 249, 250 Ibnal-Ashtar, see Ibra¯h¯ım b. al-Ashtar IbnMu
a¯wiya, see
Abd Alla¯hb. Ibnal-Ath¯ır,
Izz al-D¯ın, historian, 6, 139, Mu
a¯wiya 308, 309, 313, 330, 362, 372–373 IbnMudabbir,Fat¯.imid vizier, 204 Ibn
At.t.as¯ h, see
Abd al-Malik b.
At.t.as¯ h Ibnal-Muslima, Abu’l-Qas¯ im
Al¯ı, Ibn Ba¯bawayh,Imam¯ ¯ı scholar, 168, 170
Abbas¯ id vizier, 196, 204 Ibn Bad¯ı
, see S.a¯
id b. Bad¯ı
IbnMuyassar,Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ı, Ibnal-Balkh¯ı, historian and historian, 245, 246, 261, 343, 399 geographer, 337 Ibnal-Nad¯ım, Muh. ammadb.Ish. a¯q, Ibn Bat.t.ut¯.a, Moorish traveller, 402 author, 8, 9, 101, 102, 107, 155 Ibnal-Dawa¯da¯r¯ı,Abu¯ Bakr b.
Abd Alla¯h, IbnNaf¯ıs, d¯a
¯ı, 155 historian, 8, 101 IbnNaj¯ıb al-Dawla, Fat¯.imid envoy to Ibn Dawwas,¯ Kutama¯ chief, 191 Yaman, 263–264

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726 Index

Ibnal-Nu
man,¯ Fat¯.imid chief q¯ad.¯ı, see Ibra¯h¯ımal-
Ajam¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı commandant
Al¯ıb.al-Nu
man¯ ofBa¯lis, 335 Ibnal-Qadda¯h. , see
Abd Alla¯hb. Ibra¯h¯ım b.
Abd Alla¯hb.al-H. asan,
Alid, Maymun¯ al-Qadda¯h. brother of al-Nafsal-Zakiyya, 75, 80 Ibnal-Qalan¯ is¯ı,H. amza b. Asad, Ibra¯h¯ım b. Ab¯ıSalama, 267 historian, 6, 309, 332, 347, 349 Ibra¯h¯ım b. al-Ashtar, 52 Ibnal-Qift.¯ı,Jama¯l al-D¯ın, Arab Ibra¯h¯ım b. Da¯u¯db.
Ajabsha¯h, 281 author, 235 Ibra¯h¯ım b. al-H. usayn b.
Al¯ıb.al-Wal¯ıd, Ibn Qurhub,governor ofSicily, 143–144 T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 268 Ibn Raslan,¯ d¯a
¯ı, 261 Ibra¯h¯ım b. Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ı (Ibra¯h¯ım Ibnal-Ra¯wand¯ı,Abu’l-H. usaynAh. mad, al-Imam),¯
Abbas¯ id, 61, 75, 76–77 Mu
tazil¯ı scholar, 204 Ibra¯h¯ım b. Muh. ammadb.al-Fahd Ibn Rizam¯ (Razzam),¯ Abu¯
Abd Alla¯h al-Makram¯ı, Sulayman¯ ¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 296 Muh. ammad, anti-Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı author, 8, Ibra¯h¯ım b. al-Wal¯ıd I, Umayyad 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 111, 117, caliph, 74, 75 152 Ibra¯h¯ımal-Imam,¯ see Ibra¯h¯ım b. allegedQadda¯h. id foundation of Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ı Isma¯
¯ılism, 102 Ibra¯h¯ım ¯Ina¯l, Salju¯q am¯ır, 196 myth of Ibnal-Qadda¯h. , 104, 105 Ibra¯h¯ım Pasha, Ottoman general, 489 on initiation into Isma¯
¯ılism, 129–130, Ibra¯h¯ım Rid. a¯ S.a¯h. ib, leader of 220–221 Mahd¯ıbag¯ hwa¯las,¯ 288 on schism intheIsma¯
¯ıl¯ı movement, Ibra¯h¯ımWaj¯ıh al-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 285 99, 117 Ibra¯h¯ımbha¯¯ıS.af¯ı al-D¯ın b.
Abd-i
Al¯ı preservedin laterworks, 8, 101
Ima¯d al-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı scholar, 287 Ibn Ruzz¯ık, see T. ala¯i
b. Ruzz¯ık
¯ıdal-nas.r, 247 Ibn Saba, see
Abd Alla¯hb.Saba
¯ıd-i qiy¯amat, 359 Ibn Sa
dan,¯ Bu¯yid vizier, 235 Idr¯ıs
Ima¯d al-D¯ın b. al-H. asan, T. ayyib¯ı Ibn S.ala¯h. , Zangid governor of H. ama,¯ 350 d¯a
¯ımut.laq andhistorian, 5, 240, Ibn Sanbar, see al-H. asan b. Sanbar 268, 269, 283 Ibn Sa
u¯d, see
Abd al-
Az¯ız II on Imam Muh. ammadb.Isma¯
¯ıl, 95 Ibn Sawa¯da, d¯a
¯ı al-Nasaf¯ı’s deputy, 113 on ‘hidden imams’, 99, 106 Ibnal-S.ayraf¯ı,
Al¯ıb.Munjib,secretary in on Ja
farb.Mans.u¯r al-Yaman, 166 Fat¯.imid chancery, 245, 343 on the Epistles, 235 Ibn Shadda¯d, Baha¯al-D¯ınYusu¯ f, on al-Qa¯d.¯ı al-Nu
man,¯ 169, 172 biographer ofSaladin, 309 on al-Am¯ ir, 246 Ibn Shahras¯ hu¯b,Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ı, on al-T. ayyib, 261, 262 Imam¯ ¯ı scholar, 68, 168 on H. afi¯ z.¯ı Isma¯
¯ıl¯ısof Yaman, 265 Ibn S¯ına(Av¯ icenna), 202, 224, 233, 340, see also
Uy¯un al-akhb¯ar; Zahr 380 al-ma
¯an¯ı IbnTaghr¯ıbird¯ı,Abu’l-Mah. as¯ inYusu¯ f, Idr¯ısids, of Morocco, 142, 156 historian, 140 ¯Ifran, Banu,¯ branch of theZanata,¯ 145, IbnT. ughj, see Muh. ammadb.T. ughj 156, 157 Ibn
Uqayl,Fat¯.imid chief q¯ad.¯ı, 245 Ifr¯ıqiya, 125–136, 327 IbnWas¯.il,Abu¯
Abd Alla¯h Jama¯l al-D¯ın, as seat of Fat¯.imid caliphate 142, historian, 309 146–162 passim, 170, 212 IbnZiya¯d, see
Ubayd Alla¯hb.Ziya¯d relations withSicily, 143–144 Ibnal-Zubayr, see
Abd Alla¯hb.al-Zubayr under Z¯ırids, 157, 162, 180, 201 Ibra¯h¯ım(Abraham), 94, 97, 98, 131, 208, Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs persecuted, 182–183 227, 365 Iftit¯ah. al-da
wa,of al-Qa¯d.¯ı al-Nu
man,¯ 56

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Index 727

Ighlamish, Eldigu¨zid governor of
Ira¯q-i imamate, 40–41
Ajam, 377 inImam¯ ¯ıdoctrine, 81, 83
Ijl, Banu,¯ 69, 149 in teachings of Ja
far al-S.a¯diq, 81–83 ijtih¯ad, 171 inearly Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıdoctrine, 129–133; ijm¯a
(consensus), 39, 171 enumeration, 96–98 al-Ikhsh¯ıd, ruler ofEgypt, 143, 158 in Qarmat.¯ıdoctrine, 96–97, 102–103 Ikhsh¯ıdids, ofEgyptand southern in account of AkhuMu¯ h. sin, 101–102 Syria, 143, 158, 161, 162 inZayd¯ıdoctrine, 73 Ikhwan¯ al-S.afa¯ (Brethren ofPurity), 28, in Sh¯ı
¯ı thought, 39–41, 83–84 32, 234–236 for ghul¯at, 64–65 see also Ras¯ail Ikhw¯anal-S. af¯a succession for Muba¯rakiyya, 90 ¯Ikjan,¯ inNorth Africa, 126 for Mu
tazil¯ıs, 73 ¯Ilgha¯z¯ı,Artuqid ruler, 243, 347 inFat¯.imid doctrine, 117, 120, 170; ¯Ilkhan¯ ids, Mongoldynasty ofPersiaand reformof
Abd Alla¯h al-Mahd¯ı,
Ira¯q, 6, 304, 307, 379, 398, 411, 415, 116–119, 132;reformof al-Mu
izz, 416, 425, 430, 164–166;during caliphate of the
ilm (religious knowledge), 40, 41, 73, 82, Fat¯.imid al-Mustans.ir, 207–209 83, 88, 213, 271, 292, 340 in Druze doctrine, 186, 189–190 see also imamate: principleof
ilm in writings of Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw,
ilm al-b¯at.in, 222 208–209; of al-Sijistan¯ ¯ı, 227–228
ilm al-fiqh,seefiqh inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine, 339–342, 361–365;
ilm al-z. ¯ahir, 222 in gin¯ans, 450
Ima¯d al-D¯ın, Niza¯r¯ı vizier to
Ala¯ al-D¯ın in Satpanth Isma¯
¯ılism, 448–450 Muh. ammad III, 387 claimedbyNar (Nu¯r)Muh. ammad,
Ima¯d al-D¯ınMuh. ammad al-Kat¯ ib 445–446 al-Is.fahan¯ ¯ı, historian, 308 divinity of, 64, 65, 186–187 imam, 7, 39–40 principleof
ilm, 82 mustaqarr, mustawda
, 97, 106, 107 principleof nas..s, 61, 64, 81–82 in religious hierarchy, 117–118, 231, cycles of, 131–132 234 in Sh¯ı
¯ı schoolsof fiqh, 170–171 absent during dawr al-fatra, 226–227 transferabilitybetween brothers, 90, none after the q¯aim, 96–97, 132 172–173 for Fat¯.imids, 207–209; see further see also imam imamate: inFat¯.imid doctrine Imam¯ ¯ıs, Imam¯ iyya, 1, 35, 58–59, 88–89, inT. ayyib¯ı cosmology, 272, 273–275 353, 410 in Pandiy¯at of Mustans.ir bi’lla¯h II, and the ghul¯at, 63, 67, 71 432–433 and theMu
tazil¯ıs, 73 as tenth avat¯ara of Vishnu, 450 under Zaynal-
A¯ bid¯ın, 59, 67–68 for Niza¯r¯ıs: spiritualreality, 360–361, supported Ja
far al-S.a¯diq, 71 371, 381–382; succession, appeal ofrevolutionary Isma¯
¯ılism of post-Alamut,¯ 413–415, 417–418, 260s/870s, for, 108 423; authority, 413, 500–501;in and Zaydism, 72, 73–74 Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı teaching, 440–441 recognized Mus¯ aa¯ l-Ka¯z.im, 88–89 see also hidden imams; imamate their use of theterm h. ujja, 83, 118 Imam¯ al-D¯ın
Abd al-Rah.¯ım b. H. asan, see school oflaw, 170–171, 172 Imam¯ Sha¯h in Syria, 332 Imam¯ Sha¯h,Imam¯ al-D¯ın
Abd al-Rah.¯ım, see also Twelvers eponymof Imam-¯ Sha¯h¯ıs, 445–446, im¯am-q¯aim, 272, 361, 364–365, 381 450 Imam-¯ Sha¯h¯ıs, 442, 444, 445–447, 450

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728 Index

¯Iman¯ ¯ıKhan¯ Fara¯han¯ ¯ı, 464 Indic(Indian) languages, 1, 406, 409 Imperial Library,Vienna, 25 Indus valley, 54, 200, 386
Imran¯ b. al-Fad. l,al-Qa¯d.¯ı,governor of inheritance, 171, 474–475, 486 S.an
a¯, 258–259 initiation, see bal¯agh
Imran¯ b. Muh. ammadb.Saba,Zuray
id, al-ins¯anal-k¯amil (‘perfect man’ of the 257 Sufis), 366 inbi
¯ath (emanation), 228–231, 234 Institute for the Study of Muslim incarnation, see h. ul¯ul Civilisations, London, 503 India, 3, 4, 20, 30, 138, 256, 260, 374, 436, Institute of Ismaili Studies, London, 33, 440 242, 408, 501, 503 Fat¯.imid influence in, 166; da
wa, 200, intellect, see
aql 203
Iqdan¯ iyya, council of, 110–111, 151 jaz¯ıra, 218, 298 iqt.¯a
, 317, 318, 327, 353, 386 inNiza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism, 324–325 ir¯ada (divine intention), 134 Muslims of, 453–454, 482 Iran, Iranians, 223–234 passim, 410, 420, Niza¯r¯ısof, 304, 385–386, 405–406, 409, 501 432, 438, 465, 481, 488, 497; see further Persia historiography andliterature, 406, Iranian school of philosophical 407, 409, 414;post-Alamut¯ period, Isma¯
¯ılism, see philosophical 442–451, 456; modern period, Isma¯
¯ılism 472–484; organization, 484, Irano-Zoroastrianism: and maw¯al¯ı, 56 499–500, 501, 503; ¯Irans¯ ha¯hb.
Ala¯ al-D¯ınMuh. ammad Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ıs, 414, 451, III, 395 454–456; see further
Ira¯q, 42, 95, 206, 327, 346, 435, 453, 462, Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ıs; seat of Ag¯ ha¯ 463, 468 Khans¯ (Aga Khans), 473–481; see versus Syria, 45, 49, 76, 77–78, 80 further Imam-¯ Sha¯h¯ıs; Khojas; inthefirst civil war, 47, 48 Satpanth Isma¯
¯ılism under Umayyads, 51, 53–54, 71, 76–77 T. ayyib¯ıs(Bohras) of, 201, 239, 267, Qarmat.¯ırevolts of, 289–294/902–907, 268, 276, 280–281 122–123 Da¯u¯d¯ısof, 281–295; see further Da¯u¯d¯ıs policy of theFat¯.imid caliph al-
Az¯ız Sulayman¯ ¯ısof, 295, 298–299; see further towards, 176 Sulayman¯ ¯ıs attackedbyAbuT¯ . a¯hir al-Janna¯b¯ı, Nuqt.aw¯ısof, 422 148–149 Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ısof, 427, 428, 461, 468 conqueredbySalju¯qs, 195–196 andEast Africa, 485–486 under Jala¯yirids, 416 and Yaman, 240 inWorld War I, 491 British, 286, 288, 481, 482, 484, 491; Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ II in, 477 interest in Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I’s rebellion, S.af¯ı
Al¯ıSha¯hin, 479 469 pro-Sh¯ı
¯ı, 46, 48 independence, 482–483,andpartition, maw¯al¯ı of, 54, 58 484 andlaterKaysan¯ ¯ı sects, 63 see also Indian subcontinent; South Asia seat of
Abbas¯ id caliphate, 78 Indian hemp,seeh. ash¯ısh early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa in, 102, 107, Indian subcontinent, 4, 110 116–117; see further Qarmat.¯ıs Fat¯.imid da
wa to, 200–201 Fat¯.imid da
wa to, 184–185, 192, 218, Niza¯r¯ı da
wa to, 385–386, 438, 442–445 310, 311 see also India; Pakistan; South Asia Niza¯r¯ısof, 342, 374

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Index 729

al-
Ira¯q al-
Ajam¯ı,
Ira¯q-i
Ajam, 184, eraof,extendedinFat¯.imid doctrine, 377, 384, 394, 438 132–133, 223
irf¯an, see gnosticism converts (non-Arab), see maw¯al¯ı Irsh¯adal-s¯alik¯ın,of Fida¯¯ıKhuras¯ an¯ ¯ı, 407 non-Muslimsubjects, see dhimm¯ıs Irsh¯adal-t.¯alib¯ın,of Muh. ibb
Al¯ı Islam¯ Sha¯h,Niza¯r¯ıimam, 418, 443, 446 Qunduz¯ı, 414 Islamic Research Association, Bombay, 31
¯Isa¯ (Jesus), 93, 94, 97, 98, 131, 208, 227,
is.ma (perfect immunityfrom error and 365 sin), 40, 65, 83, 271, 284, 292
¯Isa¯ b. Mus¯ a,¯
Abbas¯ id governor of Isma¯
¯ıl (Ishmael), 132 Ku¯fa, 80, 85 Isma¯
¯ıl I, founder of the S.afawid dynasty
¯Isa¯ b. Mus¯ a,¯ nephew of
Abdan,¯ Qarmat.¯ı ofPersia, 429, 430–431, 435, 453 d¯a
¯ı, 120, 124, 149, 150 Isma¯
¯ıl II, S.afawid sha¯h, 436
¯Isa¯ b. Nast.u¯rus, Fat¯.imid vizier, 177, 179 Isma¯
¯ıl
A¯ dil Sha¯h,
A¯ dil-Sha¯h¯ıruler of
¯Isa¯ b. Zayd b.
Al¯ı,Zayd¯ıimam, 73 B¯ıja¯pu¯r, 453 Isabella, wifeof Conrad of Isma¯
¯ıl al-
Ajam¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıleaderin Montferrat, 372 Syria, 348, 349 Is.fahan,¯ incentralPersia, 150, 153, 327, Isma¯
¯ıl b. Hibat Alla¯h, Sulayman¯ ¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 296 345, 377, 384, 418, 463 Isma¯
¯ıl b. Ja
far al-S.a¯diq,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıimam extension of da
wa to: early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı, and eponymof Isma¯
¯ıliyya, 1, 27, 85, 112, 327; Fat¯.imid, 202, 327 88, 90–93, 95, 105–106 H. asan-iS.abba¯h. in, 312, 313 as Ja
far al-S.a¯diq’s successor, 88, 89, 312 massacres of Niza¯r¯ıs, 329, 330, 356 position inseries ofimams, 90, 97, 101 Niza¯r¯ıs active in, 329–330, 336, 339, 356 pseudonym, 104 Salju¯q capital, 311, 321, 338 and Fat¯.imid genealogy, 105–107, S.afawid capital, 437 118–119 Nuqt.awiyyaof, 422 in Umm al-kit¯ab, 93 seizedbyQa¯ja¯rs, 460 in account of AkhuMu¯ h. sin, 102 Isfandiya¯rb.A¯ dharba¯d,chiefpriest of the in writings of theFat¯.imid caliph Zoroastrians, 150 al-Mu
izz, 165–166 Isfandiya¯rKhan,¯ Qa¯ja¯r commander, 469 Isma¯
¯ıl b. Muh. ammad,Niza¯r¯ı am¯ır of Ish. a¯qb.Ja
far al-S.a¯diq,
Alid, 91 Qadmus,¯ 489 Ish. a¯qb.Ya
qu¯b, d¯a
¯ı inGujarat,¯ 277 Isma¯
¯ıl b. Muh. ammadb.Isma¯
¯ıl b. Ja
far, Ish. a¯qKhuttalan¯ ¯ı, Sufi master, 427
Alid, 96 Ishb¯ıliya, see Seville Isma¯
¯ıl b. Muh. ammad al-Tam¯ım¯ı, Druze Ishkas¯ him, in Badakhshan, 29 leader, 187, 190 Ishmael, see Isma¯
¯ıl Isma¯
¯ıl Badr al-D¯ın b. Mulla¯ Ra¯jb.A¯ dam, Iskandar, Banu,¯ of T. abaristan,¯ 417 Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 284 Islam, 1, 16, 155 Isma¯
¯ıl Badr al-D¯ın b. Shaykh A¯ dam S.af¯ı historiography, 34–35 al-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 285 as theocracy, 36–37 Ismaili Associations, see Ismaili Tariqah Sh¯ı
¯ıperspective, 38–40 andReligious Education Boards civil wars: first, 45–46, 47; second, Isma¯
¯ıl Qazw¯ın¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 314 50–52 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ılaw,seefiqh tenets sharedbyall Muslims, 492 Ismaili Society, Bombay, 31 eraof, would beendedbyMahd¯ı, Ismaili studies, 30–33, 503 96–98, 132 Ismaili Tariqah andReligious Education eraof, in philosophical Isma¯
¯ılism of Boards (ITREB), formerly Ismailia Iranian school, 231–232 Associations, 499, 500, 501

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730 Index

Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, Isma¯
¯ıliyya, 1, 35, 104
Izzat
Al¯ıSha¯h,Muh. ammad
Al¯ı,Ni
mat originof name, 1, 2, 85, 88 Alla¯h¯ıSufi, maternal uncleof Ag¯ ha¯ as a movement of socialprotest, 67, Khan¯ I, 463 115, 310–311 early (pre-Fat¯.imid) doctrine, 96–98, Jabal
Am¯ il, in Lebanon, 435 129–136; enumeration of early Jabal Ans.a¯riyya, see JabalBahra¯ imams, 96–97, 117–119 JabalBahra¯, in Syria, 309, 332, 349, 350, da
wa, 97–98, 107–127; organization 352, 353, 367, 369, 370, 389, 391, andhierarchy, 130–131, 219 401 see further Niza¯r¯ıs; Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ıs; Jabal Magha¯riba, in Yaman, 298 Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ıs;Khojas;Satpanth Jabal Maswar, in Yaman, 109 Isma¯
¯ılism; see further Musta
lians; JabalS.a
fan,¯ in Yaman, 291 T. ayyib¯ıs; H. afi¯ z.¯ıs;Da¯u¯d¯ıs Jabal al-Summa¯q, in Syria, 216, 333–334, Sulayman¯ ¯ıs;Bohras;
Alaw¯ıs, 335, 349, 372 see also Fat¯.imids; Qarmat.¯ıs; Sh¯ı
¯ıs Ja¯bir b.
Abd Alla¯h al-Ans.a¯r¯ı, 93 al-Ism¯a
¯ıliyya al-kh¯alis.a,early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı Ja¯bir b. H. ayyan,¯ 84–85 group, 89–90 Ja¯bir al-Ju
f¯ı, 85, 93 al-Ism¯a
¯ıliyya al-w¯aqifa, 90 jadd, 134–135, 190, 230–231 isn¯ad (chainof transmittersof h. ad¯ıth), 80, Ja
far, cousinof al-H. asan al-A
s.am, 173 170 Ja
far, Sayyid, dissident Bohra, 277–278, Israel, 189 279, 284 Isra¯f¯ıl (Seraphiel), archangel, 134 Ja
farb.Ab¯ı T. a¯lib,al-T. ayya¯r,T. a¯libid, 57, Is.t.akhr, inFa¯rs, 75 62 Istanbul, 25, 481 Ja
farb.
Al¯ı,chamberlainto
Abd Alla¯h istidl¯al, 171 al-Mahd¯ı, 6, 123, 125 istih. s¯an, 171 Ja
farb.
Al¯ıb.H. amdun,¯ governor of the isti
r¯ad. , 146 Za¯b, 157 istis.l¯ah. , 171 Ja
farb.Fala¯h. ,Fat¯.imid general, 162 Istit¯ar al-im¯am,of al-N¯ısa¯bu¯r¯ı, 5 Ja
farb.Mans.u¯r al-Yaman, Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı Italy, 18, 19, 28, 143–144 author, 6, 98, 101, 129, 164, 165–166, Ithna¯
ashariyya, see Twelvers 207, 208, 217, 225, 309 I
tiba¯r al-Salt.ana, M¯ırzaIsm¯ a¯
¯ıl Khan,¯ Ja
farb.Muh. ammadb.Isma¯
¯ıl b. Ja
far, son ofSarda¯r Abu’l-H. asan Khan,¯ 472
Alid, 96 I
tima¯d al-Salt.ana, Muh. ammad H. asan Ja
farb.Muh. ammad al-S.a¯diq, see Ja
far Khan,¯ historian, 408 al-S.a¯diq, imam Ivanow W. (Vladimir Alekseevich Ja
farb.Sulayman,¯ Sulayman¯ ¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 295 Ivanov), 30, 310, 405 Ja
far al-Ju
f¯ı, see Ja¯bir al-Ju
f¯ı identification of al-Muba¯rak, 90 Ja
farKhan¯ Zand, father ofLut.f Al¯ı on Umm al-kit¯ab, 93 Khan,¯ 460 on Ibnal-Qadda¯h. , 103, 106 Ja
far al-S.a¯diq, imam, 1, 2, 36, 41, 58, 60, on Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 206 63, 69, 71, 77, 84–85, 95, 103, 118, on Anjudan,¯ 423 119, 126 on Fida¯¯ıKhuras¯ an¯ ¯ı’s works, 407 and AbuMus¯ limal-Khuras¯ an¯ ¯ı, 77 on Amr¯ıSh¯ıra¯z¯ı, 422 and the ghul¯at, 67, 71, 81, 85, 94 on Khayrkhwa¯h-i Harat¯ ¯ı, 433 his interpretation of the law, 69 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıbibliography of, 31, 407, 438 h. ad¯ıthsof, inIsma¯
¯ıl¯ılaw, 170
Izz al-Dawla Bakhtiya¯r, Bu¯yid, 162 histradition, regarding theMahd¯ı, 119
Izz al-D¯ınal-
Ad¯ım¯ı,Mamlu¯k am¯ır, 400 during revoltof Zayd b.
Al¯ı, 73

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Index 731

withheld approvalfrom al-Nafs al-Jamal (the Camel), battleof, 44–45, 49 al-Zakiyya, 75 Jama¯l al-D¯ınG¯ıl¯ı, Sufi shaykh of refused Abu¯ Salama’soffer of caliphate, Qazw¯ın, 388 77 Jama¯l al-D¯ınH. asan b. Tha¯bit, Niza¯r¯ı rallying point forSh¯ı
¯ıs, 79–80, 84 leaderin Syria, 399 his religious thought, 80–83, 128 Jam¯ as¯ p, 150 hiscircleof associates, 80–81, 84–85 Jambet, Christian, 32 his death and succession, 88–89, 101 James of Vitry, bishop of Acreand disapproved ofhis son Isma¯
¯ıl’s Crusaderhistorian, 13–14 revolutionary activities, 91–92 Jam¯ i
a Sayfiyya, see Sayf¯ıDars inearly Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı enumeration ofimams, J¯ami
al-taw¯ar¯ıkh,ofRash¯ıd al-D¯ın, 306, 97, 119 307, 380 and Fat¯.imid genealogy, 101, 104, 107 Jamnagar, inGujarat,¯ 284, 285, 447 Ja
far al-T. ayya¯r, see Ja
farb.Ab¯ı T. a¯lib Janad, in Yaman, 109, 198 Ja
far¯ıBohras, 278, 280 jan¯ah. , ajnih. a, rankin da
wa Ja
farids, branch of T. a¯libids, 62 hierarchy, 219, 231 Ja
fariyya, Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıs in al-jan¯ah. al-ayman (the right wing), 190 Syria, 455–456, 488–490 al-jan¯ah. al-aysar (the left wing), 190 Jafri, S. HusainM., 85 Jana¯h. al-Dawla, ruler of H. ims., 333 Jahang¯ ¯ır,Mughal emperor, 168, 281, 282 Jana¯h. iyya, subgroup ofKaysan¯ iyya, 63, 75 Jahang¯ ¯ır b. Muh. ammadb.Jahang¯ ¯ır, see also H. arbiyya Iskandarid ruler ofKuju¯r, in jan¯aiz (funeralrites), 169 Ma¯zandaran,¯ 417 Jang¯ıSha¯h, A¯ qa,¯ son of Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I, 476, j¯ahil, juhh¯al (the ignorant), 190 480–481 Jala¯lb.H. asan, T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ı Janna¯ba (Gannava),¯ on the coast of mut.laq, 279–280 Fa¯rs, 109, 203 Jala¯l al-Dawla, Bu¯yid, 192 al-Janna¯b¯ı,Abu¯ Sa
¯ıd, founder of the Jala¯l al-D¯ınH. asan III, Niza¯r¯ıimam and Qarmat.¯ı state ofBah. rayn, 108, 109, lord of Alamut,¯ 302, 375–377, 378, 110, 121, 147, 151, 161, 163, 210 380–381, 383, 386, 387, 389–390 al-Janna¯b¯ı,AbuT¯ . a¯hir, Qarmat.¯ıruler of Jala¯l al-D¯ın Khwa¯razmsha¯h, 376, 384, Bah. rayn, 9, 121, 124, 148–150, 152, 386–388 161, 163 Jala¯l al-D¯ın Rum¯ ¯ı,Mawlan¯ a,¯ Sufi al-Jarjara¯¯ı,
Al¯ıb.Ah. mad,Fat¯.imid poet, 385, 413, 420 vizier, 192, 193 Jala¯lSha¯h, son of Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I, 473 Jarra¯h. ids, ofPalestine, 163, 175, 177, 182, Jalam b. Shayban,¯ see H. alam b. Shayban¯ 192 Jala¯yirids, of A¯ dharbayjan,¯ Kurdistan¯ and Ja¯ru¯diyya, branch of Zayd¯ıs, 74
Ira¯q, 416, 425 Jawdhar,Usta¯dh,Fat¯.imid functionary, 6, Jam¯a
a (theCommunity), 48, 78–79, 82 172, 173, 212 jam¯a
at, 292, 474, 484–485, 493–494, 498, Jawh. ab, fortress, inH. ara¯z, 266 500–501 Jawhar,al-S.iqill¯ı,Fat¯.imid general and jam¯a
at al-mumin¯ın (community of administrator, 156–157, 158–159, believers), 48 161, 162, 172, 173, 212 jam¯a
at-i kal¯an, 278 Jawharb.
Abd Alla¯h,Zuray
id jam¯a
at-i khurd, 278 guardian, 257 jam¯a
at–kh¯ana (assembly house), 294, al-Jayhan¯ ¯ı,Abu¯
Al¯ı Muh. ammad, 443, 474–475, 477, 486–487, 494, Sam¯ an¯ id vizier, 113 496, 499 Jayns, community ofBohras, 290

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732 Index

Jayshb.S.ams.am,¯ Kutama¯ chief, 179 361–362, 367;fortresses, 397–398; jaz¯ıra, jaz¯air, 118, 217–218, 221, 226, 271, Alamut,¯ 396; Alamut¯ library, 342, 275, 298, 440 396 Jazr, innorthern Syria, 325, 333, 335, 372 on assaultofLamasar, 324 Jerruck, in Sind, 470 Ju¯zjan,¯ inAfghanistan, 73 Jerusalem, 11, 15, 180, 197, 243 al-Ju¯zjan¯ ¯ı,Minha¯j al-D¯ın
Uthman¯ b. Latin state of, 331, 348, 369, 372, 390 Sira¯j al-D¯ın, see Minha¯j-iSira¯j Jesus, see
¯Isa¯ Jetpur, in Sind, 443 Ka¯bul, inAfghanistan, 434, 456, 470 Jews Kabylia, inNorth Africa, 126 under Fat¯.imidsappointed to high Kadi, inCutch, 447 office by al-
Az¯ız, 177;persecutedby Kadiwala Sayyids, ofSind, 448 al-H. a¯kim, 180–181 Kadmus, see Qadmus¯ Jhun, in Sind, 445 Kafarlat¯ ha,¯ in Syria, 334 Jiba¯l, region, in Persia, 99, 111–112, 115, k¯afir (unbeliever), 83, 274–275 121, 155, 224, 311 Ka¯fu¯r,Ikhsh¯ıdid ruler ofEgypt, 143, 158 Jibra¯¯ıl (Gabriel), archangel, 134 Kahak,village near Mah. allat,¯ incentral Jidda, in Saudi Arabia, 480–481 Persia, 27, 405, 439, 456–458, 462, jih¯ad (war), 169 463, 473 Jinnah,Muhammad Ali, 483 Kahf, castle, in Syria, 13, 349, 350, 353, J¯ıruft, in Kirman,¯ 184 367–368, 373, 389, 400, 401, 402 J¯ıza, in Egypt, 159 kal¯am (theology), 84, 225, 379 jizya (tribute, poll-tax), 56, 145 Kal¯am f¯ımah. d. al-khayr (Liber de causis), Johnof Joinville, Frenchhistorian and pseudo-Aristotelian work, 224 secretary to Louis IX, 14–15, 390–391 Kal¯am–ip¯ır,ofKhayrkhwa¯h-i Harat¯ ¯ı, 433 Joshua, see Yus¯ ha
Kalat,¯ in Sind, 470 Judaeo-Christian traditions, 130, Kalb, Banu,¯ ofSyria, 51, 122–123, 124, 192 132–133, 134, 135, 184, 222, 233 Kalbids, ofSicily, 144–145, 162, 202 and maw¯al¯ı, 56 kalima (divine word), 190, 229, 230, 364 originof Mahd¯ı concept, 60 Kalwa¯dha,¯ nearBaghdad, 108 of taw¯ıl, 130 Kama¯ d. ,Hindu community, 450–451 ofreligious history, 131 kamadia,(Niza¯r¯ı Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı of cosmology, 134 functionary), 474, 476, 501 in Epistles, 237 etymology, 443 Judaism, 34, 56, 130, 143, 177 inAgaKhan Case, of 1866, 475–476 Junayd, S.afawid shaykh, 430 in East Africa, 499; Zanzibar, 486, 499 jurisprudence, see fiqh in South Asia, 474, 487, 500 al-Jurjan¯ ¯ı,Abu’l-Haytham, see in Persia, 493 Abu’l-Haytham inNiza¯r¯ı Constitution of 1986, 501 Justan¯ II b. Wahsu¯dan,¯ Justan¯ id, 153 Kama¯l al-D¯ınal-H. asan b. Mas
u¯d,Niza¯r¯ı Justan¯ ids, ofDaylam, 152–153 chief d¯a
¯ı in Syria, 389 Juwayn¯ı,
At.a¯-Malik, historian and Kamara, near Anjudan,¯ 436 Mongol administrator, 6, 18, 25, al-K¯amilfi’l-tar¯ıkh,of Ibnal-Ath¯ır, 6 304–305, 306, 307, 309, 408, 410 Kampala, inUganda, 486, 497 in negotiations between Mongolsand Kanz al-Dawla, leader ofpro-Fat¯.imid Niza¯r¯ıs, 395 revolt, 254 on Niza¯r¯ıs: H. asan-iS.abba¯h. , 313; H. asan Kapadwanj, inGujarat,¯ 281 II’sNiza¯rid ancestry, 363; qiy¯ama, Ka¯rKiya¯¯ıSayyids, see Am¯ır Kiya¯¯ıSayyids

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Index 733

Karachi, 290, 291, 293, 294, 470, 472, 477, Khaf¯ıf,H. abba¯rid ruler ofSind, 167 480, 484, 497, 500 Kha¯k¯ıKhuras¯ an¯ ¯ı,Imam¯ Qul¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı Karakorum (Qaraqorum), in poet, 406, 407, 437–438, 492 Mongolia, 15, 397 Khalafb.Ah. mad, S.affa¯rid governor of Karakorum mountains, 494 Khuras¯ an,¯ 155 Karbala¯, in
Ira¯q, 50, 51, 58, 109, 294, Khalafb.Mula¯
ib, ruler of Afam¯ iya, 333 455, 479 Khalaf al-H. alla¯j,early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı in Karibiyya(orKuraybiyya), subgroup of Rayy, 111 Kaysan¯ iyya, 59–60 Khalafiyya, 111 Kar¯ımal-H. usayn¯ı,AgaKhan IV, see Aga Kha¯lid b.
Abd Alla¯h al-Qasr¯ı,Umayyad Khan IV governor of
Ira¯q, 71, 72 Kar¯ım Khan¯ Zand, founder of theZand khal¯ıfa (successor), 36, 40 dynasty ofPersia, 459, 460 khal¯ıfa, khulaf¯a (lieutenants of the Kar¯ıma¯ba¯d (Baltit), inHunza, 495 Mahd¯ı; Sufi master,etc.) Kart dynasty,of eastern Khuras¯ an¯ and inFat¯.imid doctrine, 164–166, 208, 228, northernAfghanistan, 393, 411 247 kar¯ubiyy¯un (Cherubim), 134, 135 in doctrine of Iranian school of Kas¯ han,¯ incentralPersia, 111, 307, 422, dissident Isma¯
¯ılism, 226–227 431, 435, 436, 453 inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine, 359, 361, 495 Kas¯ han¯ ¯ı (al-Qas¯ han¯ ¯ı), Abu’l-Qas¯ im
Abd in Sufi doctrine, 427 Alla¯hb.
Al¯ı, historian, 6, 307, 309, khal¯ıfatras¯ulAll¯ah, 36 360 al-Khal¯ıl (Hebron), in Palestine, 250 kashf,seedawr al-kashf Khal¯ıl Alla¯h, son of Ni
mat Alla¯h Wal¯ı Kashf al-h. aq¯aiq,of Fida¯¯ıKhuras¯ an¯ ¯ı, 407 Kirman¯ ¯ı, 428, 429 Kas¯ hghar, in Sinkiang (Xinjiang) province Khal¯ıl Alla¯h I(Dhu’l-Faqa¯r
Al¯ı), Niza¯r¯ı of China, 494, 496 imam, 425, 437–438 Kashmir, 443 Khal¯ıl Alla¯h II, III, Niza¯r¯ıimams, see Sha¯h al-Kashsh¯ı,Muh. ammadb.
Umar,Imam¯ ¯ı Khal¯ıl Alla¯h II, III scholar, 68, 91, 168 Khalj¯ıdynasty,of India, 277 Kathiawar, inGujarat,¯ 291, 448, 472, 485 Khalkha¯l, in A¯ dharbayjan,¯ 392 Kawkaban,¯ fortress, nearS.an
a¯, 259, 265, khalq¯an, 209 268 Kham¯ ba¯yat (Khambhat),¯ see Cambay kawr, akw¯ar (aeons), 62, 132 Khambhlia, inIndia, 284 al-kawr al-a
z.am, 132, 272 kh¯anaq¯ah, 412, 429 Kayka¯us¯ b. Haza¯rasf, Ba¯dus¯ pan¯ id, 344, Khan¯ desh, region inIndia, 447 367 Khangai mountains, in Mongolia, 397 Kayka¯us¯ b. Sha¯hansha¯h, ruler of Khan¯ lanjan¯ (Kha¯lanjan),¯ fortress, near Kutum,¯ 375 Is.fahan,¯ 330, 336 Kayquba¯dDaylam¯ı,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı commandant khar¯aj (land tax), 55–56 of Takr¯ıt, 321, 335 Khar¯ıba, castle, in Syria, 350, 400 Kaysan,¯ Abu¯
Amra, eponymof Kha¯rij¯ıs, Khawa¯rij, 34, 56 Kaysan¯ iyya, 59 originof the name, 45–46 Kaysan¯ iyya, 35, 57, 59–62, 63, 79 dissidents infirst civil war, 45–46 Kayuma¯ rthb.B¯ısutun,¯ Ga¯wba¯ra ruler of inNorth Africa, 125–126, 141, 163 Rustamda¯r, 417 revoltofKha¯rij¯ıBerbers inNorth Kenya, 291, 484, 487, 497, 501 Africa, 145–147 Ket-Buqa, Mongol general, 391–395 used assassination, 146, 328 passim, 399 see also Iba¯d. iyya; Nukka¯r¯ıs

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734 Index

kh¯as..sa (khaw¯as..s), 129, 215, 366 Khuda¯ybakhsh,Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ı kh¯atim al-anbiy¯a (‘seal of the imam, see
At.iyyat Alla¯hb.Mu
¯ın prophets’), 36, 228 al-D¯ın khatna (circumcision), 293 al-khulaf¯a al-r¯ashid¯un (the al-Khat.t.a¯bb.al-H. asan b. Abi’l-H. ifa¯z. ‘rightly-guided caliphs’), 37, 164, 208 al-Hamdan¯ ¯ı,T. ayyib¯ı khums, 108, 294 author, 105–106, 262, 264, 265 Khuras¯ an,¯ 61, 76, 89, 319, 321, 330, 340, Khat.t.a¯biyya, extremist Sh¯ı
¯ı group, 67, 345, 346, 427, 430, 469 85–86, 90, 92, 93, 94, 186, 189, Marco Polo in, 17 219 tradition of Islamic philosophy, 224 Khawa¯b¯ı, castle, in Syria, 350, 368, 389, Zayd¯ıs in, 73 400, 401 anti-Umayyad (
Abbas¯ id) revolt, Khawa¯rij,seeKha¯rij¯ıs 76–78, 219, 327 khaw¯as..s,seekh¯as..sa al-Nasaf¯ıin, 113 Khawla, mother of Muh. ammadb. al-Sijistan¯ ¯ıin, 166–167 al-H. anafiyya, 52 and Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 205, 206, 493 khay¯al, 134–135, 190, 230–231 inIsma¯
¯ıl¯ı schism, 121 Khayrkhwa¯h-i Harat¯ ¯ı,Muh. ammadRid. a¯ Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa to, 99, 102, 111, b. Khwa¯ja Sult.an¯ H. usayn, Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı 112–113, 116, 224, 311 and author, 7, 406, 433–434, 436, dissident Isma¯
¯ılism in, 154–155 440–441, 445, 491 Fat¯.imid da
wa to, 202, 206 Khayyam,¯
Umar, see
UmarKhayyam¯ jaz¯ıra of, 218 Khazars, 218 Niza¯r¯ısof, 318, 342, 358, 397, 434, 452, al-Khazraj¯ı,Abu’l-H. asan
Al¯ıb.al-H. asan, 457, 465, 490–491, 493–494; da
wa, Yaman¯ıhistorian, 255 432, 439 Kheta, mukhi, 446 occupiedbyKhwa¯razmsha¯hs, 373, 386 Khidas¯ h (
Amma¯rb.Yaz¯ıd), 76 conqueredbyMongols, 304, 376, 383, al-khidma, 212 392, 411 Khid. r, 365 Khayrkhwa¯h-i Harat¯ ¯ıin, 434 al-khiz¯anaal-makn¯una, 241 underKarts, 411 Khojas, Khojahs, 4, 28, 31, 32, 286, 404, Khuras¯ an¯ ¯ı tribesmen, 456, 461, 464, 468 442–451, 457, 459, 463, 474–481 Khuras¯ an¯ iyya, army, 77, 78 etymology, 443 Khurramd¯ıniyya, Khurramiyya, 63, 79, incourt cases, 474–476, 481, 484, 486, 318 488, 491 Khursha¯h,Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Ruknal-D¯ın gin¯ansof, 385, 409, 442–443, 448–451 Khursha¯h histories of, 409, 442–444 Khushk,village, in southern preserved Pandiy¯at of Mustans.ir bi’lla¯h Khuras¯ an,¯ 494 II, 432–433 Khusraw F¯ıru¯z, Bu¯yid, see al-Malik andSufism, 444 al-Rah.¯ım see also East Africa: Niza¯r¯ısof; India: Khusraw F¯ıru¯zb.Wahsu¯dan,¯ Justan¯ id, 153 Niza¯r¯ısof; Pakistan: Niza¯r¯ısof KhusrawQazw¯ın¯ı, darw¯ısh,Nuqt.aw¯ı Khojk¯ı,script, 409, 432, 446, 447, 457 leader, 422 Khorog, capital of Tajik Badakhshan, 495, khut.ba, 182 503 for Fat¯.imid caliphs, 127, 128, 139, 159, khud¯awand, lord of Alamut,¯ 302, 363 166–167, 176, 185, 196, 199, 204, 333 Khuda¯wand Muh. ammad,Niza¯r¯ıleaderin for
Abbas¯ id caliphs, 194, 198, 201, 210, Daylam, 415–417, 418, 451 252

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Index 735

forDa¯u¯d¯ıs, 294 Kit¯ab al-
alim¯ wa’l-ghul¯am,of Ja
farb. at proclamation of qiy¯ama at Alamut,¯ Mans.u¯r al-Yaman, 129 and Mumina¯ba¯d, 358–359 Kit¯ab al-azh¯ar,of al-Bharuc¯ h¯ı, 279 Khu¯zistan,¯ region, in southwestern Persia, Kit¯ab al-bay¯an,of Ghiyat¯ h, 111 96, 100, 103, 107, 196, 313, 321, Kit¯ab al-haft wa’l-az.illa, attributed to 337 al-Mufad. d. al, 94 Khwa¯f, in Khuras¯ an,¯ 393 Kit¯ab al-¯ıd. ¯ah. ,of al-Qa¯d.¯ı al-Nu
man,¯ 169 Khwa¯jaJahan,¯ Bahmanid vizier, 453 Kit¯ab al-iftikh¯ar,of AbuYa¯
qu¯b Khwa¯ja Qas¯ im, Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 434 al-Sijistan¯ ¯ı, 155 Khwa¯ja Sult.an¯ H. usayn, father of Kit¯ab al-is.l¯ah. ,of AbuH¯ . at¯ imal-Ra¯z¯ı, 154, Khayrkhwa¯h-i Harat¯ ¯ı, 434 225–226 Khwan¯ d Am¯ır,Ghiyat¯ h al-D¯ın b. Humam¯ Kit¯ab ithb¯at al-nub¯uat¯ (al-nubuww¯at),of al-D¯ın, historian, 308 AbuYa¯
qu¯b al-Sijistan¯ ¯ı, 227–228 al-Khwans¯ a¯r¯ı,Muh. ammadBa¯qir,Twelver Kit¯ab j¯ami
al-h. ikmatayn,of Nas¯.ir-i scholar, 168 Khusraw, 206–207 Khwa¯razm, in Central Asia, 195, 373 Kit¯ab kanz al-walad,of Ibra¯h¯ım b. Khwa¯razmians, Khwa¯razmsha¯hs, 353, al-H. usaynal-H. am¯ id¯ı, 265 373–374, 377, 382, 384, 386–388, Kit¯ab al-kashf,of Ja
farb.Mans.u¯r 390, 411 al-Yaman, 98, 118 Khwursha¯h,Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Rukn Kit¯ab al-mah. .s¯ul,of Muh. ammadb. al-D¯ın Khursha¯h Ah. mad al-Nasaf¯ı, 133, 154, 225–226 Kila¯b, Banu(¯ Kila¯b¯ıs), ofSyria, 183, 192 Kit¯ab al-nus.ra,of AbuYa¯
qu¯b al-Kind¯ı,AbuY¯ usu¯ f Ya
qu¯bb.Ish. a¯q, al-Sijistan¯ ¯ı, 154–155, 225–226, 228 philosopher, 224 Kit¯ab al-riy¯ad. ,of H. am¯ıd al-D¯ın Kirman,¯ city andprovince, in Persia, 384, al-Kirman¯ ¯ı, 225–226 387, 463, 472, 482 Kit¯ab al-rushd wa’l-hid¯aya,of Ibn home of d¯a
¯ı al-Kirman¯ ¯ı, 184 H. awshab, 98 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa to, 311 Kit¯ab al-siy¯asa, anonymous anti-Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı H. asan-iS.abba¯h. at, 313 treatise, 8, 9, 102 Niza¯r¯ısof, 321, 405, 408, 423, 438, 457, Kit¯ab al-yan¯ab¯ı
,of AbuYa¯
qu¯b 459–462 passim, 490, 494;
At.a¯ al-Sijistan¯ ¯ı, 228 Alla¯h¯ıs, 457, 460–469 passim, Kit¯ab al-zumurrudh,of Ibn underQa¯ja¯rs, 462 al-Ra¯wand¯ı, 204 Ni
mat Alla¯hiyyaof, 427, 428–429, Kit¯ab-i d¯anish-iahl-i b¯ınish,of Fida¯¯ı 461–462 Khuras¯ an¯ ¯ı, 407 Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I in, 464–465, 468–469 Kit¯ab-i hid¯ayat al-mumin¯ınal-t.¯alib¯ın,of al-Kirman¯ ¯ı,H. am¯ıd al-D¯ınAh. madb. Fida¯¯ıKhuras¯ an¯ ¯ı, 407, 492
Abd Alla¯h,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı and KiyaA¯ bu¯
Al¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı commander, 324 author, 112, 138, 184–185, 297 KiyaA¯ buJa¯
far,Niza¯r¯ı commander, 324 on ancestry of Fat¯.imids, 105 KiyaA¯ bu’l-Qas¯ im La¯r¯ıjan¯ ¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı on doctrine of the imamate, 188, 207 d¯a
¯ı, 314 on Druze doctrines, 187–188 Kiya¯
Al¯ı, son ofKiya¯ Buzurg-Umm¯ıd, 356 on da
wa hierarchy, 217, 219, 275 Kiya¯ BaJa¯
far,Niza¯r¯ı commander, 343 cosmological system, 233–234; adopted Kiya¯ Buzurgal-Da¯
¯ıila’l-H. aqq b. al-Ha¯d¯ı, by T. ayyib¯ıs, 234, 265, 269
Alid Zayd¯ıruler ofDaylaman,¯ 344 on controversy amongst dissident KiyaGa¯ rshas¯ b,Niza¯r¯ı commander, 324 Iranian d¯a
¯ıs, 225–226 KiyaJa¯ la¯l al-D¯ınHaza¯rasp¯ı,Haza¯raspid, Kish, nearSamarqand, 392 417

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736 Index

KiyaMa¯ lik Haza¯rasp¯ı,Haza¯raspid ruler of Kuju¯r, inMa¯zandaran,¯ 417 Ashkawar, 416–417 Kulayn(Kul¯ın), village nearRayy, 111 KiyaMu¯ h. ammadb.
Al¯ıKhusraw F¯ıru¯z, al-Kulayn¯ı (al-Kul¯ın¯ı), AbuJa¯
far Niza¯r¯ı commander, 356 Muh. ammadb.Ya
qu¯b,Imam¯ ¯ı Kiya¯ Sayf al-D¯ın Kus¯ hayj¯ı, ruler of scholar, 83, 118, 168, 170 Daylaman,¯ 415 al-Kumayt b. Zayd al-Asad¯ı,Arabpoet, 68 Kiya¯ Sha¯hb.Shams al-D¯ın kun (the Quran¯ iccreative Muh. ammad, 414 imperative), 134, 135, 230 Kiyana¯ mountains, inNorth Africa, 147 k¯un¯ı, 134–135, 136, 230 Knights Hospitaller,military order, 13, 14, Kuraybiyya, see Karibiyya 352, 368, 369, 390, 391, 400 Kurdistan,¯ Kurds, 17, 21, 251, 387, 416 Knights Templar,military order, 13, 14, kurs¯ı (chair), 135, 230 352, 369, 390, 391 Kus¯ hayjan,¯ in Daylam, 415 knowledge, religious, see
ilm Kus¯ hayj¯ı, am¯ırs, 415–416, 417 Kokcha, tributary of Oxus river, 206, 452 Kutama,¯ Berbers, 115, 125, 126, 128 Ko¨ke-Ilgei, Mongol general, 393, 394 supportersof Fat¯.imids, 126–128, 141, Kotri, in Sind, 443 142, 146, 161, 162, 176, 183, 214 Krakdes Chevaliers(H. is.nal-Akra¯d), as faction inFat¯.imid armies, 178–179, castle, in Syria, 369, 400–401 247 Kraus, Paul,orientalist, 31 Kutayfat,¯ Abu¯
Al¯ı Ah. mad,Fat¯.imid Kubra,¯ Shaykh Najmal-D¯ın, founder of vizier, 246–247, 262 the Kubrawiyya Sufi order, 427 Kuthayyir,Arabpoet, 60 Kubrawiyya, Sufi order, 427 Kutum,¯ inG¯ılan,¯ 375 Ku¯fa, in southern
Ira¯q, founded, 43 Labrousse, Yvette, fourthwifeof Aga under
Uthman,¯ 42–43, 44 Khan III, 483 under Umayyads, 45, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, Lady
Al¯ıSha¯h, see Shams al-Mulu¯k, 72, 75, 77 mother of Aga Khan III maw¯al¯ı of, 52–53 Laha¯b, in Yaman, 298 support for
Al¯ı, 46, 47 La¯h¯ıjan,¯ inG¯ılan,¯ 415, 416, 417 base of Mugh¯ıriyya, 72 La¯h¯ıj¯ı, Shams al-D¯ınMuh. ammadb. base of Has¯ himiyya, 61, 76 Yah. ya,¯ Sufi master and author, 419, in revoltof al-Mukhta¯r, 52–53, 59, 64 427 al-Saffa¯h. , proclaimed caliph, 78 l¯ah. iq, law¯ah. iq, rankin da
wa rising ofKhat.t.a¯biyya, 85–86 hierarchy, 218, 226–227, 231 centreofSh¯ı
ism, 43, 56, 60, 95; al-Lah. j¯ı, see Musallam b. Muh. ammad radical, 92; early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 89–90 al-Lah. j¯ı Qarmat.¯ı centre, 107–109, 149 Lahore, 281, 282, 438 attackedbyfollowersof Zikrawayh in l¯ah¯ut, 274 293/906, 123–124 Lama
¯atal-t.¯ahir¯ın,of Ghulam¯
Al¯ıb. attackedbyQarmat.¯ısofBah. rayn, 149, Muh. ammad, 414, 454 150, 185 Lamakb.Ma¯lik al-H. amma¯d¯ı,chief q¯ad.¯ı under
Uqaylids, 185 and Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı in Yaman, 199, 200, Fat¯.imid success in, 184–185, 196 204, 258, 263, 275 kufr (unbelief), 35, 83, 188 Lamasar, Lanbasar, fortress, in Kuhandil Khan,¯ Afghan am¯ır, 468 Daylaman,¯ 324, 337, 343, 346, 357, Kuhdum, in Daylam, 415 363, 393–397 passim, 411, 416 Ku¯histan,¯ see Quhistan¯ Langarids, see Musafi¯ rids

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Index 737

Las¯ h va Juvayn, inAfghanistan, 469 Lut.f
Al¯ıKhan,¯ Afsha¯rid, son of Last Judgement, see ma
¯ad; qiy¯ama; Sha¯hrukh, 459 eschatology Lut.f
Al¯ıKhan¯ Zand, 460–461, 462 law,of Niza¯r¯ı community, 484, 486–487, 497–501 passim,seealso fiqh ma
¯ad, 273, 359–360 lawh. (tablet), 134, 230, 270 see also qiy¯ama; eschatology League of Nations, Geneva, 483 Ma
add, 365 Lebanon, 189 Ma
arrat Mas.r¯ın, in Syria, 335 Lebeyde Batilly, Denis, French official Ma
arrat al-Nu
man,¯ in Syria, 335 and author, 20 al-Ma
arr¯ı,Abu’l-
Ala¯, Syrian lettersof thealphabet, see h. ur¯uf poet-philosopher, 204 Lev, Yaacov, 32 al-Mabdawa’l-ma
¯ad,of H. usayn b.
Al¯ı Levant, the, 18, 244 Ibnal-Wal¯ıd, 267 Lewis, Bernard, 19, 23, 24, 32 Macnaghten, Sir William, Britishpolitical on mawl¯a Sh¯ı
ism, 58 agent in Ka¯bul, 470 on AbuH¯ as¯ him’s testament, 62 Mada¯in (Ctesiphon), in
Ira¯q, 43, 64, 79, on ‘spiritual adoption’for 185 revolutionary Sh¯ı
¯ıs, 93 Madelung, Wilferd, 32 on Qadda¯h. ids, 103, 107 on Umm al-kit¯ab, 93 on Syrian Niza¯r¯ıs, 309, 310 on al-Is.l¯ah. of AbuH¯ . at¯ imal-Ra¯z¯ı, 154 Liber de causis,seeKal¯am f¯ımah. d. al-khayr on letter of theFat¯.imid caliph libertinism, 361–362, 372, see also ib¯ah. a al-Mu
izz to the Qarmat.¯ı al-H. asan light, divine (n¯ur), 64, 69, 86, 134, al-A
s.am, 163 273 on H. amdan¯ Qarmat., 120 lis¯anal-da
wa,of the Da¯u¯d¯ıs, 294 on Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 209 Lisan¯ al-Mulk Sipihr,Muh. ammad Taq¯ı, on Niza¯r¯ıdoctrine of qiy¯ama, 361 historian, 408 madhhab (school ofreligious law), 80, 93, literature 159, 167, 190, 214, 426, 430, 456 early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı, 87 madh¯un, rankin da
wa hierarchy, 218, Fat¯.imid, 2, 214, 222, 299 220, 234, 275, 284, 292, 298, 440, T. ayyib¯ı, 241, 253, 265, 282 441 H. afi¯ z.¯ı, 253 al-madh¯unal-mah. d¯ud (or mah. .s¯ur), 218, Niza¯r¯ı, 253, 303–304, 405–406, 408, 275 418–420, 425, 433–434, 454, 494–495 al-madh¯un al-mut.laq, 218 Da¯u¯d¯ı, 292 madh¯un-i akbar, 440 Sulayman¯ ¯ı, 299 madh¯un-ias.ghar, 440 see also historiography; gin¯an Madhya Pradesh, inIndia, 291, 447 Lohana, Hindu caste, 443 Maf¯at¯ıh. al-asr¯ar, Quran¯ commentary Lombardy, Lombards, 143, 144 (tafs¯ır)of al-Shahrastan¯ ¯ı, 340 London, 408, 501, 503 Magha¯riba, faction inFat¯.imid conferences on India, 1903–1904, 483 armies, 178–179 Niza¯r¯ı community of, 497 Maghra¯wa, Berbers, 157 LouisIX(St Louis), king of France, 14–15, Maghrib, 102, 103, 106, 110, 122, 125, 22, 390–391 141–142, 156, 158, 159, 179, 201, Lulu,H. amdan¯ id vizier, 183 215, 327 Lulua, in Yaman, 259 Magians, see Zoroastrians Luqman¯ j¯ıb.H. ab¯ıb, Da¯u¯d¯ı scholar, 285 Magliano, Theresa, secondwifeof Aga Luristan,¯ in western Persia, 353 Khan III, 482

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738 Index

Mah. allat,¯ incentralPersia 27, 418, 423, al-Mahd¯ı,Muh. ammadb.
Abd Alla¯h, 434, 456, 459, 463–468 passim, 472,
Abbas¯ id caliph, see al-Mahd¯ı,Abu¯ 473, 477, 484, 494,
Abd Alla¯h Mah. allat¯ ¯ı,
Abd al-Muh. ammad, 467 al-Mahd¯ı,Muh. ammadb.al-H. asan, Ma¯han,¯ in Kirman,¯ 428, 429, 461 twelfthimam of theTwelverSh¯ı
¯ıs, Maharashtra, inIndia, 291 38, 39, 107, 247 Mahd¯ı,the, 60–61, 71 Mahd¯ıb.Khusraw F¯ıru¯z (F¯ıru¯zan),¯ Muh. ammadb.al-H. anafiyya as, 52, 56 Siya¯hchashm, Justan¯ id, 152–153 AbuH¯ as¯ him
Abd Alla¯h as, 61 Mahd¯ıbag¯ hwa¯las,¯ Mahd¯ıbag¯ hparty, in ghul¯at doctrines, 64 subgroup ofDa¯u¯d¯ıs, 288 in doctrine of Abu¯ Mans.u¯r, 70 Mahdids, of Zab¯ıd, 259–260 inZayd¯ıdoctrine, 74 Mahd¯ısm, see Mahd¯ı; q¯aim Ja
far al-S.a¯diq as, 88, 96–97, 132 Mahdiyya, Fat¯.imid capitalin Isma¯
¯ıl b. Ja
far as, 89 Ifr¯ıqiya, 142–143, 144, 146, 166, 183, Muh. ammadb.Isma¯
¯ıl as, 96–97, 132, 202 164–165, 207, 219, 226–227 Mahim, inIndia, 475 for the Qarmat.¯ıs, 96–98, 121, 134 Mah. mu¯d I, Salju¯q sultan, 320 in
Abd Alla¯h al-Mahd¯ı’s reform, 98, Mah. mu¯d I Begra,¯ sultan of Gujarat,¯ 279, 116–119, 164 445 the ‘Persian Mahd¯ı’ of AbuT¯ . a¯hir Mah. mu¯d II, Salju¯q sultan, 338, 345–346 al-Janna¯b¯ı, 121, 150, 152, 154, 210 Mah. mu¯d III, sultan of Gujarat,¯ 279 Muh. ammad Nu¯rbakhsh as, 427 Mah. mu¯d
Al¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıpoet, 438 in religious hierarchy, 117 Mah. mu¯db.Mufarrijb.Daghfal,Jarra¯h. id, in Sh¯ı
¯ı tradition, 72, 119 182 Sha¯h Isma¯
¯ıl I as, 430, 435, 437 Mah. mu¯d of Ghazna, Ghaznawid sultan, see also q¯aim; q¯aim al-qiy¯ama 116, 155, 167, 185, 200, 418, 449 al-Mahd¯ı,
Abd Alla¯h (
Ubayd Alla¯h), Mah. mu¯dShabistar¯ı, Sufi shaykh, 419 first Fat¯.imid caliph, 5, 96, 97, 99, Mah. mu¯diyya, see Nuqt.awiyya 100, 103, 105, 113, 149, 157, 168, Mahr¯ız, near Yazd, 468 186, 198, 381 maj¯alis, 6, 214–215, 221, 266 as caliph, 140–141, 143–144, 145, maj¯alisal-da
wa (‘sessions of 152 wisdom’), 215 flighttotheMaghrib, 123–128 maj¯alisal-h. ikma, 126–127, 204, 215–216 ancestry, 101–107 passim al-Maj¯alisal-Muayyadiyya,of pseudonym, 104 al-Muayyad fi’l-D¯ınal-Sh¯ıra¯z¯ı, 204, doctrinalreform, 99, 116–119, 215 121–122, 133, 164 al-Maj¯alisal-Mustans.iriyya,of letter to Yaman¯ı Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 101, 104, al-Mal¯ıj¯ı, 208 118–119 Majd al-D¯ın, Niza¯r¯ı chief d¯a
¯ı in imamate not recognizedbydissident Syria, 389, 390 (Qarmat.¯ı)Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 116–124 passim, Majdhu¯b
Al¯ıSha¯h,Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ıSufi 151–152, 226–227 master, 463, 465 in Musta
lian doctrine, 105–106, al-Majdu¯
,Isma¯
¯ıl b.
Abd al-Rasu¯l, 238–239 Da¯u¯d¯ı author, 285–286 da
wa: to Khuras¯ an,¯ 112;in Yaman, 166 Ma¯jid,
Abd al-Mun
im, 32 and AbuT¯ . a¯hir al-Janna¯b¯ı, 149, 151 Maj¯ıdiyya, 238, 248, 256–257, 260 al-Mahd¯ı,Abu¯
Abd Alla¯h,
Abbas¯ id see also H. afi¯ z.¯ıs caliph, 79 al-Majlis¯ı,Muh. ammadBa¯qir,Twelver Mahd¯ı,
Alid, holder of Alamut,¯ 314 scholar, 168

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Index 739

Majlis-i makt¯ub-iShahrast¯an¯ımun
aqid al-Mamun,¯
Abbas¯ id caliph, 88, 89, 223 dar Khw¯arazm,of al-Mamun,¯ d¯a
¯ı, brother of
Abdan,¯ 109 al-Shahrastan¯ ¯ı, 340 al-Mamun¯ al-Bat.a¯ih.¯ı,Fat¯.imid Majma
al-taw¯ar¯ıkh,of H. afi¯ z. Abru,¯ 308 vizier, 244–245, 343 al-Majr¯ıt.¯ı,Maslama, 236 Mamun¯ iyya, 109 Majus,¯ see Zoroastrians Ma
n, Banu,¯ 199 Makhzum,¯ Banu,¯ 103 Ma
n b. H. at¯ im b. al-Ghash¯ım, Makram¯ı, family ofSulayman¯ ¯ı Hamdan¯ id, 258 d¯a
¯ıs, 295–297, 299 Manashsha¯ (Manasseh) b. Ibra¯h¯ım, Makran,¯ in Persia, 166, 436 Fat¯.imid official, 177 MalagasyRepublic, the, 501 Man¯azil al-aqt.¯ab,ofQa¯d.¯ıRah. mat Alla¯h mal¯ah. ida,seemulh. id b. Ghulam¯ Mus.t.afa,¯ 444–445 MalakS.a¯h. ib, see
Abd al-H. usaynJ¯ıwa¯j¯ı Mandaeans, 69, 135, 227 al-Malat¯.¯ı,Muh. ammadb.Ah. mad, Sunn¯ı Mangu¯ Khan,¯ see Mong¨ ke heresiographer, 59 Manguta¯ k¯ın, governor ofDamascus, 176, Malat¯.¯ıSayyids, see Am¯ır Kiya¯¯ıSayyids 179 Malaysia, 501 Man¯ ¯ı, 227 al-Mal¯ıj¯ı,Abu’l-Qas¯ im
Abd al-H. a¯kim b. Manichaeism, 56, 69, 70, 93, 136, 270, Wahb,Fat¯.imid chief q¯ad.¯ı and 273–274 author, 208 Man¯ıqa(Maynaqa), castle, in Syria, 350, Ma¯lik al-Ashtar, 45 400, 401, 402 al-Malik al-
Az¯ız Z. ah¯ır al-D¯ınT. ughtak¯ın, mans. ¯ub, 298, 299, 300 Ayyu¯bid ruler of Yaman, 260 al-Mans.u¯r,AbuJa¯
far,
Abbas¯ id Ma¯lik b. Anas, eponymof Ma¯lik¯ı caliph, 75, 79, 81, 84, 85, 86, 91, 92 madhhab, 80 al-Mans.u¯r,Ayyu¯bid prince of H. ama,¯ 399, Ma¯lik b. Sa
¯ıd,Fat¯.imid chief d¯a
¯ı, 181 401 Malik Kham¯ us¯ h, son of O¨ zbeg, 387 al-Mans.u¯r,Fat¯.imid caliph, 140, 144, al-Malik al-Muz.affar, Rasu¯lid, 267 146–147, 151, 156, 157, 166, 169, al-Malik al-Rah.¯ım Khusraw F¯ıru¯z, 173 Bu¯yid, 195–196 Mans.u¯r,sonofLulu, 183 Malik al-Salam,¯ 365 al-Mans.u¯r
Al¯ıb.S.ala¯h. al-D¯ın, Zayd¯ı al-Malik al-S.a¯lih. , Zangid, 369–370 pretender, 268 Malik Shu¯l¯ım, 365 al-Mans.u¯rb.Bulugg¯ın, Z¯ırid, 176 Malik Yazda¯q, 365 Mans.u¯rb.
Imran,¯ Zuray
id, 257 al-Malik al-Z. a¯hir, Rasu¯lid, 268 al-Mans.u¯rb.al-Mutawakkil,Zayd¯ıimam al-Malik al-Z. a¯hir Ruknal-D¯ın BaybarsI, in Yaman, 296 see BaybarsI al-Mans.u¯r Muh. ammadb.Ab¯ı
Am¯ ir, al-Malikaal-Sayyida, S.ulayh. id queen, see chamberlaintoHisham¯ II, 157 Arwa¯ Mans.u¯r al-Yaman, see IbnH. awshab Ma¯lik¯ıSunnism, 80, 126, 127, 128, 141, Mans.u¯ra, fortress, in Daylam, 345 143, 144, 159, 163, 168, 170, 172, Mans.u¯ra, in Sind, 167 181, 192, 201 Mans.u¯raku¯h, fortress, near Maliksha¯h I, Salju¯q sultan, 197, 314, 319, Damg¯ han,¯ 320, 345 320, 327, 330, 331 Mans.u¯riyya, extremist Sh¯ı
¯ı group, 70–71, Ma¯lwa,¯ inIndia, 285 72, 328 Mamlu¯ks, dynasty,ofEgyptandSyria Mans.u¯riyya, Fat¯.imid capitalin subjugatedSyrian Niza¯r¯ıs, 18, 301, 309, Ifr¯ıqiya, 142, 147, 159, 169, 191 398, 399–402, 489 al-Maqdis¯ı, see Muh. ammadb.Ma
shar succeeded Ayyu¯bids in Egypt, 254 al-Bust¯ı al-Maqdis¯ı

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740 Index

al-Maqr¯ız¯ı,Taq¯ı al-D¯ınAh. mad, on the Qadda¯h. ids, 103 historian, 8, 101, 139, 140, 213, 254 on Islamicguilds, 115 Marag¯ ha, in A¯ dharbayjan,¯ 346, 379 on Fat¯.imid–Qarmat.¯ırelations, 151 Mar
ash¯ıSayyids, of Ma¯zandaran¯ Mast
Al¯ıSha¯h, see Sh¯ırwan¯ ¯ı,Zayn (T. abaristan),¯ 415 al-
A¯ bid¯ın mar¯atib al-da
wa,seeh. ud¯ud Mas
u¯d, Dihqan,¯ Qarmat.¯ı d¯a
¯ı,sonof Marcion, 227 Muh. ammadb.Ah. mad al-Nasaf¯ı, 113 Marco Polo, Venetian traveller, 14, 15–18, Mas
u¯d, Salju¯q sultan, 338, 346, 356, 357 19, 20, 24, 25, 368 Mas
u¯db.H. urayth, Qarmat.¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 124 Marcus, Valentinian Gnostic, 69 al-Mas
u¯db.al-Karam (or al-Mukarram), Marda¯w¯ıj b. Ziya¯r, founder of theZiya¯rid Zuray
id, 199, 255–256 dynasty ofPersia, 112, 152 al-Mas
u¯d¯ı,
Al¯ıb.al-H. usayn, historian, 8 Ma¯rd¯ın, in
Ira¯q, 347 ma
.s¯um,see
is.ma Marjiku¯l¯ı, in Daylaman,¯ 415 Ma
s.um¯
Al¯ıSha¯h,Muh. ammad Ma
s.um¯ Marqab, castle, in Syria, 368 Sh¯ıra¯z¯ı,Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ıSufi Marquet, Yves, 32 author, 468, 477 Marw, in Khuras¯ an,¯ 76, 77, 205, 383 Ma
s.um¯
Al¯ıShah,Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ı envoy Marw al-Ru¯dh, in Khuras¯ an,¯ 111, 113 to Persia, 461, 462 Marwan¯ I b. al-H. akam, Umayyad Mas.ya¯f, castle, in Syria caliph, 51 Yves le Breton at, 15, 391 Marwan¯ II al-H. ima¯r,Umayyad caliph, 74, Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı manuscript from, 27 75–76, 77, 78 epigraphicevidence from, 309, 389, 390 al-Marwaz¯ı,al-H. usayn, see al-H. usayn b. Niza¯r¯ı stronghold, 350, 353, 400;lost to
Al¯ı al-Marwaz¯ı Nus.ayr¯ıs, 489 Marxism, 32, 310 Ras¯ hid al-D¯ın Sinan¯ at, 368 Marzuban¯ I b. Muh. ammad, besiegedbySaladin, 370 Musafi¯ rid, 121, 153–154 surrendered to Mongols, 399 Marzuban¯ b. Ish. a¯q, d¯a
¯ı inIndia, 200 underBaybarsI,401 Mas.a¯la b. H. abus,¯ Fat¯.imid general, 142 and Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıs, 456, Masa¯r, in Yaman, 199 488–490 Masha¯riqa, faction inFat¯.imid Matiya Kanbis, Hindu caste, 446 armies, 178–179 MatthewParis, historian, 14, 388 mash¯ayikh, see shaykh al-Matu¯ r¯ıd¯ı,Abu¯ Mans.u¯r, Sunn¯ı Masha¯yikh, P¯ır,sonofSayyid Fa¯d. il theologian, 232 Sha¯h, 448 Matu¯ r¯ıdiyya, Sunn¯ı school of Mashhad, in Khuras¯ an,¯ 406, 407, 492, theology, 232 493, 494 maw¯al¯ı (clients), non-Arab Mas¯ıla, inNorth Africa, 147, 157, 160, 180 Muslims, 52–58 passim, 61, 66, 70, maskh, 65 75, 78, 114, 149 see also tan¯asukh al-Ma¯ward¯ı,Abu’l-H. asan
Al¯ı, Sunn¯ı Massachusetts Institute of Technology scholar, 212 (MIT), Cambridge, Mawdu¯d, Salju¯q am¯ır of Maws.il, 334 Massachusetts, 504 mawl¯a (client), see maw¯al¯ı massacres, 185, 329, 330, 335, 338, 345, Mawla¯¯ıs, Niza¯r¯ısof Hunza, 495 347, 348, 356, 357, 370, 374, 383, Maws.il, in
Ira¯q, 120, 162, 175, 176, 185, 397, 462 196, 203, 313, 334, 347, 352, 367, 369 Massignon, Louis, 31, 92, 139 Mawsim-i bah¯ar,of Muh. ammad
Al¯ıb. on Abu’l-Khat.t.a¯b and spiritual MullaJ¯ ¯ıwa¯bha¯¯ıRam¯ pu¯r¯ı, 240–241 parenthood, 92 Maymana, in Central Asia, 111

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Index 741

al-Maymun,¯ epithet of Muh. ammadb. Mihr¯ın(Mihrniga¯r), fortress, near Isma¯
¯ıl b. Ja
far, 104 Damg¯ han,¯ 321, 345, 391 Maymun¯ al-Qadda¯h. , 102–105, passim, M¯ıka¯¯ıl (Michael), archangel, 134 106, 107 Mikhla¯f al-Sulayman¯ ¯ı (H. aly), in Maymun¯ diz, fortress, in Daylaman,¯ 345, northwestern Yaman, 296 393, 394–395, 397 Miknasa,¯ Berbers, 142, 157 Maymun¯ iyya, designation of theearly M¯ıla, inNorth Africa, 126, 127 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 102, 104 millenarian, 426, 435 Maynaqa, castle, see Man¯ıqa see also Mahd¯ı Mays.u¯r,Fat¯.imid commander, 146 M¯ına¯b, nearBandar
Abbas,¯ 469 Mayya¯fa¯riq¯ın, 312, 347 minbar (pulpit inthe mosque), 294, 358 Mazagaon, Bombay, 476 Minha¯j-iSira¯j (Minha¯j al-D¯ın
Uthman¯ b. maz. ¯alim, 152 Sira¯j al-D¯ınal-Ju¯zjan¯ ¯ı), historian and Ma¯zandaran,¯ see T. abaristan¯ Sunn¯ıjurist, 383, 384 Mazda¯b,village, in Khuras¯ an,¯ 494 Minto, Earl of,Viceroy of India, 482 Mazdak, 227 al-Miqda¯db.al-Aswad al-Kind¯ı, 39 Mazdakism, 56, 133 m¯ır, 405, 452, 488, 495–496 al-Mazdaqan¯ ¯ı,Abu¯
Al¯ı T. a¯hir b. Sa
d, M¯ır Dam¯ a¯d (M¯ır Muh. ammadBa¯qir b. Bu¯rid vizier, 348 Shams al-D¯ınMuh. ammad maz.har (epiphany), 361, 364 Astara¯ba¯d¯ı), theosopher, 420 Mazyadids, of
Ira¯q, 335–336 M¯ır Sayyid Ah. madKas¯ h¯ı,Nuqt.aw¯ı Mecca (Makka), 36, 49, 53, 89, 103, 124, leader, 422 126, 133, 139, 148, 149, 161, 182, M¯ır Shar¯ıf Amu¯ l¯ı,Nuqt.aw¯ıleader, 422 198, 199, 205, 326, 375, 428, 453, 480 M¯ır Sh¯ır Khan,¯ Baluc¯ h¯ı am¯ır, 470 Medina (Mad¯ına), 36, 41, 42, 44, 45, 48, M¯ırans¯ ha¯h, son of T¯ımu¯r, 421 49, 52, 59, 60, 67, 74, 85, 86, 91, 96, Mir¯atal-zam¯an,ofSibt. Ibnal-Jawz¯ı, 309 139, 326 Mirdas¯ ids, of northern Syria, 183, 192, see also ans.ar¯ 195 Mediterranean Sea, 138, 144, 176, 202 M¯ırkhwan¯ d,Muh. ammadb.Khwan¯ dsha¯h, Melchizedec, 365 historian, 25, 308, 312 Melkites, 177, 180 M¯ırsha¯h¯ı, S.adr al-D¯ın b. Mulla¯ Shams Menages,´ Gilles, 21 al-D¯ın, grandson of Fida¯¯ı Mengli, Eldigu¨zid lieutenant in
Ira¯q-i Khuras¯ an¯ ¯ı, 407
Ajam, 377 M¯ırzaH¯ . asan b. H. usayn b. Ya
qu¯bSha¯h, Mesopotamia, 42, 43, 223, 227 representative of Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I in see also
Ira¯q Persia, 490 Messina, straitof, 143 M¯ırzaH¯ . usayn Khan,¯ Zand governor of metaphysical systems, see philosophical Kirman,¯ 460 Isma¯
¯ılism; cosmology M¯ırza¯ Khan,¯ T¯ımu¯rid am¯ır of metempsychosis, see tan¯asukh Badakhshan, 452 Michael, see M¯ıka¯¯ıl M¯ırza¯ S.a¯diq, cousinof theNiza¯r¯ı Imam Middle East, 1, 11, 189, 497, 504 Abu’l-H. asan
Al¯ı, 460, 461, 462 see also NearEast Miskawayh,Abu¯
Al¯ı Ah. mad, Midra¯rids, of Tafi¯ la¯lt, 125, 127–128, 156 historian, 139, 154 Mihraban¯ id Maliks, ofS¯ıstan¯ mis.r, ams.¯ar (garrison towns), 42, 43, (N¯ımru¯z), 411, 412 54–55, 114 Mihr-i Jahan¯ Khanum,¯ Qa¯ja¯rprincess, m¯ıth¯aq (oath), 218, 293–294; see also wifeofSarda¯r Abu’l-H. asan
ahd; bay
a Khan,¯ 472 Miya¯jiq, Khwa¯razmian general, 374

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742 Index

Miyan¯ ¯ı, battleof, 470 al-Muba¯rak,epithet of Isma¯
¯ıl b. Mombasa, in Kenya, 291, 293, 486 Ja
far, 90, 104 Momnas,¯ subgroup ofKhojas, 448 Muba¯rakiyya, designation of theearly Mong¨ ke, Great Khan, 15, 18, 388–389, Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 90, 93, 95–96, 99, 104 397, 399 Muba¯rakku¯h, castle, in Daylam, 356 Mongolia, Mongols, 3, 4, 15, 78, 378, 387, al-mubda
al-awwal, 229, 270 389, 391, 397, 410, 452 Muc¯ hu¯lSha¯h, son of Jala¯lSha¯h, 491 inmedieval (occidental) accounts, 15 Mudhaykhira, in Yaman, 122 and medieval (Persian) historians, al-Mufad. d. alb.Abi’l-Barakat,¯ S.ulayh. id 304–307 general, 256, 258 French mission (AD 1253) to, 15, al-Mufad. d. alb.
Umar al-Ju
f¯ı,eponymof 388–389, 390 Mufad. d. aliyya, 91–92 and Niza¯r¯ısofPersia, 18, 376, 377, 382, Mufad. d. aliyya, 92, 94 388–389; alliances against, 388; Mufarrijb.Daghfal,Jarra¯h. id ruler of conquest of, 301, 391–398; took Palestine, 175, 179, 182 Girdku¯h, 391, 397–398;destroyed Mufarrij b. al-H. asan b. al-S.u¯f¯ı, prefect of Niza¯r¯ı castles, 304, 375; took Damascus, 348 Maymun¯ diz, 394–395; took Alamut,¯ Muflih. ,governor of A¯ dharbayjan,¯ 112, 395–396, 410; tookLamasar, 153 396–397; fid¯a¯ısonmission to, 389 Mughal empire, 277, 280, 281, 282, 284, and Niza¯r¯ısofSyria, 397–398 422 overthrew
Abbas¯ ids, 78, 388, 398 al-Mugh¯ıra b. Sa
¯ıd,eponymof attackedS¯ıstan,¯ 384 Mugh¯ıriyya, 64, 69–70, 71, 72, 77 and the Khwa¯razmsha¯hs, 386 Mugh¯ıriyya, extremist Sh¯ı
¯ı group, 70, 72, and Ayyu¯bidsofSyria, 398–399 326 Morbi, inIndia, 278 muh¯ajir¯un (Emigrants), 36, 38 Morocco, 125, 145, 156 Muh. ammad,the Prophet, 1, 34, 36, 48, Moses, see Mus¯ a¯ 83, 117, 234, 326, 336, 501 Mount Lebanon, 21 succession to, 1, 36–37, 38, 97 al-Mu
alla¯ b. Khunays, 91 hereditary sanctity ofhis family, 41, 47, mu
allim (teacher), 341, 379, 438, 440, 431 441, 492, 493, 499 definition ofhis family, 57–58, 73, mu
¯amal¯at (worldly affairs), 169 82–83 Mu
a¯wiyaIb. Ab¯ıSufyan,¯ founder of the as one of ¯ulu’l-
azm prophets, 97, 131 Umayyad caliphate, 44, 45–46, 48, 49
Al¯ı as his successor, 39, 81–83, 97, Mu
a¯wiya II, Umayyad caliph, 51 131–132, 247 Mu
a¯wiya b.
Abd Alla¯hb.Ja
far,
Al¯ı as his h. ujja, 118–119 T. a¯libid, 62 ended cycleofprophecy (nubuwwa), al-Muayyad bi’lla¯h Ah. madb.al-H. usayn 65, 84 b. Ha¯run,¯ Zayd¯ıimam, 105 eraof, 86, 131–132, 150, 164, 208, 210, Muayyad al-D¯ın, Niza¯r¯ı vizier to Rukn 223, 227, 232, 274, 282, 381 al-D¯ın Khursha¯h, 395 in Umm al-kit¯ab, 94, 98 Muayyad al-D¯ınMuz.affarb.Ah. mad inMukhammisa thought, 94 al-Mustawf¯ı, see Muz.affar, ra¯ıs, inNus.ayr¯ı thought, 94–95 commandant of Girdku¯h as sixth n¯at.iq, 94, 97, 98, 129, 131–132 al-Muayyad fi’l-D¯ınal-Sh¯ıra¯z¯ı,AbuNas¯ .r Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıimams’descent from, 128 Hibat Alla¯h,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı and author, h. ad¯ıthsof, inIsma¯
¯ıl¯ılaw, 170 6, 181, 196, 199, 200, 203–204, 205, inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine: H. asan-iS.abba¯h. ’s 207, 215, 217, 311, 312, 313 doctrine of ta
l¯ım, 342; im¯am-q¯aim

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Index 743

ineraof, 365; anticipatory qiy¯amas Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ı al-Tanu¯kh¯ı, see ineraof, 300–381 al-
Az.¯ım¯ı see also ahl al-bayt; Fat¯.imids: genealogy Muh. ammadb.Anaz, Salju¯q am¯ır, 357 Muh. ammad, son of Ah. mad I, sultan of Muh. ammadb.Buzurg-Umm¯ıd,Niza¯r¯ı Gujarat,¯ 278 leader andlord of Alamut,¯ 302, 326, Muh. ammad, son of theFat¯.imid caliph 355–358, 360, 361, 363, 364 al-
Az¯ız, 178 Muh. ammadb.Da¯u¯d al-Jarra¯h. ,
Abbas¯ id Muh. ammad, son of H. asan-iS.abba¯h. , 344 official, 99 Muh. ammad I, Salju¯q sultan, see Muh. ammadb.al-Fath. ,Midra¯rid Muh. ammad Tapar am¯ır, 156 Muh. ammad II, Niza¯r¯ıimam andlord of Muh. ammadb.al-H. anafiyya, son of
Al¯ı Alamut,¯ 302, 363–365, 366, 367, 371, b. Ab¯ı T. a¯lib, 52, 58, 60, 67, 90 374–375 Muh. ammadb.al-H. asan b. Idr¯ıs b. Muh. ammad III, Niza¯r¯ıimam, see
Ala¯ al-Wal¯ıd,T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 269, al-D¯ınMuh. ammad III 279 Muh. ammad Abu’l-Qas¯ imal-Muntaz.ar Muh. ammadb.al-H. asan al-Mahd¯ı, see li-Amr Alla¯h,al-Imam,¯ see al-Mahd¯ı, al-Mahd¯ı,Muh. ammadb.al-H. asan Muh. ammadb.al-H. asan Muh. ammadb.H. at¯ im b. al-H. usayn b. Muh. ammad AkbarKhan,¯ son ofDust¯ al-Wal¯ıd,T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ımut.laq, 268 Muh. ammad, 470 Muh. ammadb.H. aydara, Fat¯.imid envoy to Muh. ammad
Al¯ıb.MullaJ¯ iwa¯bha¯¯ı Yaman, 262 Ram¯ pu¯r¯ı, Da¯u¯d¯ıBohra Muh. ammadb.
Imran,¯ Zuray
id, 257 historian, 240 Muh. ammadb.Islam¯ Sha¯h,Niza¯r¯ı Muhammad Amiruddin, leader of imam, 418, 446 Mahd¯ıbag¯ hwa¯las,¯ 288 Muh. ammadb.Isma¯
¯ıl b. Ja
far al-S.a¯diq, Muh. ammadb.
Abd al-Wahha¯b, founder Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıimam, 89, 90, 93, 95–96, 99, of theWahha¯b¯ı movement, 296 104, 107, 111, 207, 223, 235, 326, 381 Muh. ammadb.Ah. mad, Sa
¯ıd al-Khayr position inseries ofimams, 90, 97 (al-H. ak¯ım), uncleof theFat¯.imid pseudonym, 104
Abd Alla¯h al-Mahd¯ı, 100 as Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı (Qarmat.¯ı) Qa¯im, 96–97, 98, Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ıb.
Abd Alla¯hb. 102, 108, 117–119, 132, 147, 150, al-
Abbas,¯
Abbas¯ id, 61–62, 152, 155, 208, 210 76 Mahd¯ıship deniedby
Abd Alla¯h Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ıb.al-H. usayn, Akhu¯ al-Mahd¯ı, 116–119, 164–165 Muh. sin, anti-Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı author, 8, 25, and Fat¯.imid genealogy, 90, 97, 99, 107, 111, 117, 119, 152 100–102, 105–107 on allegedQadda¯h. id foundation of inepistle, 104,andreformof the Isma¯
¯ılism, 101–102 Fat¯.imid caliph al-Mu
izz, 164–167 on Qarmat.¯ıdoctrine of the imamate, in account of Ibn Rizam–A¯ khu¯ 102–103 Muh. sin, 101, 102, 103 on Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı schism, 117 in writing of al-S.u¯r¯ı, 208 on initiation into Isma¯
¯ılism, 129–130, inIranian school of philosophical 220–221 Isma¯
¯ılism, 226–227 preservedin laterworks, 8, 101, 111 in Epistles, 236 preserves letter of theFat¯.imid caliph in Khojatradition, 385 al-Mu
izz, 162 as ancestor of Ni
mat Alla¯h Wal¯ı, 428; quotes the Kit¯ab al-siy¯asa, 8, 102 of AkhuMu¯ h. sin, 101 Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ı al-Ba¯qir, see Muh. ammadb.Jahang¯ ¯ır,Iskandarid ruler Muh. ammad al-Ba¯qir, imam ofKuju¯r, 417

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744 Index

Muh. ammadb.Khwan¯ dsha¯h, see Muh. ammad H. usaynMah. mu¯d¯ı, M¯ırkhwan¯ d representative of Aga Khan III, 492 Muh. ammadb.Ma
shar al-Bust¯ı Muh. ammad Jama¯lRa¯z¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 314 al-Maqdis¯ı, 235 Muh. ammadKha¯qan,¯ Niza¯r¯ı envoy, 359 Muh. ammadb.al-Mufad. d. al, 93 Muh. ammadKhuda¯banda, ¯Ilkhan¯ id, see Muh. ammadb.Mumin Sha¯h, O¨ ljeytu¨ Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıimam, Muh. ammadKhuda¯banda, S.afawid 415 sha¯h, 436 Muh. ammadb.Musafi¯ r, founder of the Muh. ammad Ma
s.um¯ Sh¯ıra¯z¯ı, see Ma
s.um¯ Musafi¯ rid dynasty ofDaylam and
Al¯ıSha¯h,Muh. ammad Ma
s.um¯ A¯ dharbayan,¯ 153 Sh¯ıra¯z¯ı Muh. ammadb.Muslimal-T. a¯if¯ı,Imam¯ ¯ı Muh. ammad Muq¯ım, S.afawid official, 436 scholar, 68 Muh. ammad al-Nafsal-Zakiyya, see Muh. ammadb.al-Nu
man¯ b. al-Nafsal-Zakiyya Muh. ammad,Abu¯
Abd Alla¯h, Muh. ammad Nas¯.h.¯ıShahrastan¯ ¯ı, Khwa¯ja, Fat¯.imid chief q¯ad.¯ı, 172, 215 Niza¯r¯ı envoy, 345–346 Muh. ammadb.Nus.ayr,eponymof Muh. ammadRid. a¯ b. Khwa¯ja Sult.an¯ Nus.ayriyya, 94 H. usaynGhu¯riyan¯ ¯ı Harat¯ ¯ı, see Muh. ammadb.Saba,Zuray
id, 256–257 Khayrkhwa¯h-i Harat¯ ¯ı Muh. ammadb.Sa
u¯d, am¯ır of Muh. ammadS.a¯diq Mah. allat¯ ¯ı,Ni
mat Dir
iyya, 296 Alla¯h¯ıSufi, maternal grandfather of Muh. ammadb.T. a¯hir al-H. a¯rith¯ı,T. ayyib¯ı Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I, 463 author, 266, 267 Muh. ammadSha¯h,Imam-¯ Sha¯h¯ı Muh. ammadb.T. ughj al-Ikhsh¯ıd, founder leader, 447 of theIkhsh¯ıdid dynasty ofEgypt Muh. ammadSha¯h III, Tughluqid, 277 and southern Syria, 143 Muh. ammadSha¯hb.Mumin Sha¯h, Muh. ammadb.Ya
qu¯b,chamberlainto Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ı the
Abbas¯ id al-Ra¯d.¯ı, 151 imam, 414, 451 Muh. ammadb.Zayd,
Alid ruler of Muh. ammadSha¯hQa¯ja¯r 464–468 passim, T. abaristan,¯ 153 469–470, 472, 473 Muh. ammadBadr al-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 286 Muh. ammad T. a¯hir, leader of Ja
far¯ı Muh. ammad al-Ba¯qir, imam, 67–69, 70, Bohras, 280 71, 81, 93, 97, 103, 170 Muh. ammad Tapar, Salju¯q sultan, 320, Muh. ammadBa¯qir Khan,¯ brother of Ag¯ ha¯ 331, 334, 335–338 Khan¯ I, 465, 468–469, 470–471, Muh. ammad al-Taq¯ı (al-Jawa¯d), Twelver 475 imam, 89 Muh. ammadBurhan¯ al-D¯ın b.
Abd Muh. ammad T¯ımu¯r,governor of al-Qa¯dir Najmal-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı Qandaha¯r, 469 d¯a
¯ı, 288, 289 Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Muh. ammadBurhan¯ al-D¯ın b. T. a¯hir Sayf see Aligarh,University of al-D¯ın, Sayyidna,¯ Da¯u¯d¯ı Muhammadan National Association, 477 d¯a
¯ı, 290–291 Muh. ammadiyya, Fat¯.imid capitalin Muh. ammadBust¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıjurist, 359 Ifr¯ıqiya, 142 Muh. ammad al-D¯ıba¯j,
Alid, son of Ja
far Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıs, see al-S.a¯diq, 88, 91 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ıs Muh. ammad H. asan al-H. usayn¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ıs(or Muminiyya), imam, see Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I branch of Niza¯r¯ıs, 32, 405, 415–416, Muh. ammad H. asan Khan¯ S¯ıstan¯ ¯ı, 460 418, 435, 448, 451–456

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Index 745

literature, 406, 413, 454 in East Africa, 486, 499; Zanzibar, ofSyria, 408, 413–414, 488–490 485–486 andQas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ıs, 413–414, 417, 432, in South Asia, 474, 487, 500 433, 455–456, 490 in Persia, 493 al-Muh. annak, historian, 246 inNiza¯r¯ı Constitution of 1986, 501 Muh. ibb
Al¯ıQunduz¯ı,Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı al-Mukhta¯rb.Ab¯ı
Ubayd al-Thaqaf¯ı, Niza¯r¯ı author, 414 leader of anti-Umayyadrevolt, Muh. ibb al-D¯ınH. ab¯ıb Alla¯h,grandson of 52–53, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 64, 77 Ni
mat Alla¯h Wal¯ıKirman¯ ¯ı, 429 Mukhta¯riyya, 59, 64 al-Muhtad¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıimam, 363, 364 see also Kaysan¯ iyya muh. tasham, leader of Niza¯r¯ısofQuhistan,¯ al-Muktaf¯ı,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 122, 123 319, 353, 376, 378, 388, 393 mulh. id, mal¯ah. ida (heretics), 7, 12, 17, 24, Mu
¯ınal-D¯ınIIb.
Az¯ız Sha¯h, 116, 206, 360, 412, 422 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıimam, mull¯a, in Da¯u¯d¯ı da
wa, 293, 298 455 Mulla¯
Abd Alla¯h, mujtahid in Mu
¯ınal-D¯ınAbuNas¯ .r Ah. mad, Salju¯q Kirman,¯ 462 vizier, 345 MullaH¯ . asan, brother of Fida¯¯ı Mu
¯ınal-D¯ın b. S.adr al-D¯ın, Khuras¯ an¯ ¯ı, 493 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıimam, 455 Mulla¯ S.adra¯ Sh¯ıra¯z¯ı, S.adr al-D¯ın, al-Mu
izz,Fat¯.imid caliph, 122, 133, 144, theosopher, 420 154, 156–163, 173, 176, 178 Multan,¯ in Sind refutes allegedQadda¯h. id ancestry ofhis seat of Fat¯.imid vassal state, 116, 166, family, 104–105 176 attempts to winoverdissident Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, converts to Druze da
wa of 122, 155, 164–167, 230 al-Muqtana,¯ 188 doctrinalreform, 164–166, 207, 208, attackedbyGhu¯rids, 374;byMah. mu¯d 228, 230, 233 of Ghazna, 116, 185, 200 conquest ofEgypt, 158–161 Niza¯r¯ısof, 385, 438, 442–443, 444, 449, and the Byzantines, 144 451 and the Qarmat.¯ıs, 154, 161–162 Mumbai, see Bombay and al-Qa¯d.¯ı al-Nu
man,¯ 169 mumin (believer), 66, 273–274, 275, 293, and Ja
farb.Mans.u¯r al-Yaman, 420, 432, 448 165–166 mumin al-bal¯agh, 219 al-Mu
izz b. Ba¯d¯ıs, Z¯ırid, 183, 201–202 Mumin Sha¯h,
Ala¯ al-D¯ın, Mu
izz al-Dawla, Bu¯yid, 178 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıimam, 414 Mu
izz¯ıdynasty,of India, 383 Muminal-T. a¯q,Imam¯ ¯ı scholar, 84, 89 Mu
izziyya, in Sicily, see Taormina Mumina¯ba¯d, nearB¯ırjand, 319, 353, 359, mujtahid, 461, 462 361, 362, 406, 438, 494 al-Mukarram Ah. mad, S.ulayh. id, 199–200, Muminiyya, see Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ıs 255, 257–258, 263 al-Mun¯aj¯at,of theFat¯.imid caliph muk¯asir, rankin da
wa hierarchy, 190, al-Mu
izz, 165 218–219, 275, 287, 292, 298 Munawwar
Al¯ıSha¯h,Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ıSufi Mukhammisa (the Pentadists), extremist master, 477 Sh¯ı
¯ı group, 94–95 Munisal-Kha¯dim,
Abbas¯ id mukhi (Niza¯r¯ı Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıfunctionary), 443, commander, 149 446, 474, 476, 501 Munqidh, Banu,¯ ofSyria, 335, 350 etymology, 443 al-Muntafiq, Banu,¯ of easternArabia, inAgaKhan Case, of 1866, 475–476 185

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746 Index

Muntaza
al-akhb¯ar,ofQut.b al-D¯ın Muslim b.
Aq¯ıl,T. a¯libid, 50, 52 Sulayman¯ j¯ıBurhan¯ pu¯r¯ı, 240 Muslim b.
Awsaja, 49, 50 Muqaddimal-D¯ın, commandant of al-Mustad.¯ı,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 252 Alamut,¯ 396 al-Mus.t.afa¯ li-D¯ınAlla¯h Niza¯r, see Niza¯rb. muqallid (emulator), 171 al-Mustans.ir Muqat¯ il, Banu,¯ of Yaman, 291 Mus.t.afaMu¯ lh. im, Niza¯r¯ı am¯ır of muq¯atila, 42 Mas.ya¯f, 489 Muqat.t.am hills, near Cairo, 190–191 mustaj¯ıb, 219, 220, 221, 273, 275, 440, al-Muqtadir,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 143, 149 442 al-Muqtaf¯ı,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 356 Musta
lawiyya, see Musta
lians al-Muqtana,¯ Baha¯ al-D¯ın, Druze al-Musta
l¯ı,Fat¯.imid caliph, 3, 211, 238, leader, 187–188, 189, 190 241–243, 243–244, 245, 261, 263, Mura¯dBakhsh,Mughalrulerin 277, 301, 324–325, 333, 343 Gujarat,¯ 284 Musta
lians, Musta
liyya(or Mura¯d M¯ırza,¯ Niza¯r¯ıimam, 422, 425, Musta
lawiyya), 1, 3, 238–239, 435–436, 437 242–243, 332 Mura¯d M¯ırza¯ b. H. asan, of Sidih,eponym enumeration ofimams, 97, 238–239 of Mura¯d M¯ırza¯¯ıs, 490–491, 492–493 H. afi¯ z.¯ı–T. ayyib¯ı schism, 23, 246–248, Mura¯d M¯ırza¯¯ıs, dissident Niza¯r¯ısof 256–260, 262, 264, 277, 325 Khuras¯ an,¯ 491–493 see also Bohras; Da¯u¯d¯ıs; H. afi¯ z.¯ıs; mur¯ıd, mur¯ıd¯an, 419, 428, 430, 431, 436, Niza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism; Sulayman¯ ¯ıs; 440, 444, 453, 466 T. ayyib¯ıs Murra b.
Am¯ ir, Banu,¯ of eastern Musta
liyya, see Musta
lians Arabia, 210 al-Mustans.ir,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 388 murshid, 412, 428, 431, 433, 444, 476 al-Mustans.ir,Fat¯.imid caliph, 2, 137, 140, see also p¯ır; qut.b; shaykh 196–198 passim, 199–211 passim, Mus¯ a¯ (Moses), 94, 97, 98, 131, 208, 227, 217, 237, 244, 258, 263, 310, 313, 365 332, 359–363 passim, 385 Mus¯ a¯ b. Abi’l-
Afi¯ ya, Berber chief, 142 accession and early years, 193–195 Mus¯ a¯ b. Sayf al-Mulk b.
Amrun,¯ 350 and Fat¯.imid doctrine of the imamate, Mus¯ a¯ Kal¯ımal-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 284–285 207–209, 223 Mus¯ aa¯ l-Ka¯z.im, Twelverimam, 88–89, 90, andBadr al-Jama¯l¯ı, 194–195, 211 91, 92, 95, 96, 170, 204, 430, 452 succession to, 3, 211, 241–243, 245, Mus¯ a¯ Khan¯ b. Muh. ammadKhan¯ 301, 324–325 Khuras¯ an¯ ¯ı, 407 and H. asan-iS.abba¯h. , 312, 313 Mus.
abb.al-Zubayr, 53 Mustans.ir bi’lla¯h II, Niza¯r¯ıimam, 418, Musafi¯ rids, ofDaylam and 422–423, 425, 431–433, 445 A¯ dharbayjan,¯ 121, 153–154, 317 Mustans.ir bi’lla¯h III, Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Musallam b. Muh. ammad al-Lah. j¯ı, Yaman¯ı Ghar¯ıb M¯ırza¯ Zayd¯ıhistorian, 230 mustaqarr imam, see under imam Mus.¯ara
at al-fal¯asifa,of al-Mustarshid,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 338, 346, al-Shahrastan¯ ¯ı, 340, 380 356 Muscat (Masqat.), in
Uman,¯ 291, 486 al-Musta
s.im,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 388, 398 musharrif¯at,ofSulayman¯ ¯ı d¯a
¯ıs, 299 mustawda
imam, see under imam Musha
sha
, 426 al-Mustaz.hir,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 10, 320, Mushta¯q
Al¯ıSha¯h,M¯ırzaMu¯ h. ammad 336, 342 Turbat¯ı,Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ıSufi, 461–462 al-Mustaz.hir¯ı,of al-Ghaza¯l¯ı, 10, 209–210, Mushta¯qiyya, mausoleum, in Kirman,¯ 462 342

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Index 747

mut
a (temporary marriage), 69, 171 Nairobi, in Kenya, 293, 483, 486, 497 al-Mu
tad. id,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 109, 110, Najaf, in
Ira¯q, 463, 468, 472, 479, 480 122 al-Naja¯h. , founder of theNaja¯h. id dynasty al-Mut.ahharb.Sharaf al-D¯ın, Zayd¯ı of Yaman, 199 imam in Yaman, 280 Naja¯h. ids, of Yaman, 198, 199, 256, 258, al-Mu
tamid,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 108 259, 264 al-Mutawakkil Ah. madb.Sulayman,¯ Zayd¯ı al-Najas¯ h¯ı,Ah. madb.
Al¯ı,Imam¯ ¯ı imam in Yaman, 259 scholar, 68, 168 al-Mutawakkil Yah. ya,¯ Zayd¯ıimam in Najd, intheH. ija¯z, 296, 297 Yaman, 297 Najmal-D¯ınIsma¯
¯ıl b. al-Sha
ran¯ ¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı Mu
tazil¯ıs, Mu
tazila, school of chief d¯a
¯ı in Syria, 399–400, 401 theology, 73, 75, 102, 219, 228, 235 Najmal-D¯ınal-Khabus¯ han¯ ¯ı, Shafi¯
¯ı al-Mut.¯ı
,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 159 theologian, 252 mutimm, atimm¯a (completers), 132 Najran,¯ innortheastern Yaman, 296, 297, Muwaffaq al-Dawla
Al¯ı,grandfather of 298 Rash¯ıd al-D¯ınFad. l Alla¯h, 306 najw¯a, 215 Muwah. h. idun,¯ see Almohads; Druzes Nakhshab, see Nasaf Muz.affar, ra¯ıs, commandant of al-Nakhshab¯ı,Muh. ammadb.Ah. mad, see Girdku¯h, 315, 321 al-Nasaf¯ı,Muh. ammadb.Ah. mad Muz.affar, ra¯ıs,Niza¯r¯ıleaderin Nanji,Azim, 32, 448 Quhistan,¯ 359 Napier, GeneralSirCharles, conqueror of Muz.affar II, sultan of Gujarat,¯ 279 Sind, 470 Muz.affar III, sultan of Gujarat,¯ 281 Naples, 32, 144 Muz.affar
Al¯ıSha¯h,Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ı naq¯ıb, nuqab¯a, 76, 77, 190, 218 Sufi, 461, 462 Naq¯ıl Ban¯ıSharh. a, nearS.an
a¯, 265 Muz.affar al-D¯ın Sha¯hQa¯ja¯r, 481 Naq¯ıl S.ayd, in Yaman, 257 al-Muz.affarQutuz,Mamlu¯k sultan, 399 Nar (Nu¯r)Muh. ammad, son of Imam¯ Sha¯h, 445–446 nab¯ı, anbiy¯a (prophets), 36, 118 Narmas¯ h¯ır, in Kirman,¯ 460, 464 Na¯dir Sha¯h Afsha¯r, founder of the Nasaf (Nakhshab), inTransoxania, 113 Afsha¯rid dynasty ofPersia, 457–458, Nasaf¯ı,Az¯ız al-D¯ın, Sufi author, 420 459 al-Nasaf¯ı,Muh. ammadb.Ah. mad,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı nafs (soul), 65, 229–230, 231 (Qarmat.¯ı) d¯a
¯ı and author, 113, 133, al-nafs al-h. issiyya, 229 154, 155, 225–226, 230, 232, 233 al-nafs al-kulliyya, 190, 229 al-Nasaw¯ı,Muh. ammadb.Ah. mad, al-nafs al-n¯amiya, 229 secretary and chronicler ofSultan al-nafs al-n¯at.iqa, 229 Jala¯l al-D¯ın Khwa¯razmsha¯h, 376, al-Nafsal-Zakiyya, Muh. ammadb.
Abd 386, 387 Alla¯h,H. asanid leader ofrevolt, 68, Nashtak¯ın, Druze leader, see al-Daraz¯ı 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 80 al-Nas¯.ir,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 373–374, 375, Nagir, innorthern Pakistan, 495 376–377, 386, 389 Nagos¯ hiyya, subgroup of
Alaw¯ı Nas¯.ir al-Dawla, Turkish commander, 194 Da¯u¯d¯ıs, 282 Nas¯.ir al-DawlaAftak¯ın, governor of Nagpur, inIndia, 288 Alexandria, 242 Nahrawan,¯ battleof, 46 Nas¯.ir al-D¯ın, p¯ır, 443 Na¯ib al-S.adr, see Ma
s.um¯
Al¯ıSha¯h, Nas¯.ir al-D¯ın
Abd al-Rah.¯ım b. Ab¯ı Muh. ammad Ma
s.um¯ Sh¯ıra¯z¯ı Mans.u¯r,Niza¯r¯ı muh. tasham in Na¯¯ın, in Persia, 459 Quhistan,¯ 378–379, 393

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748 Index

Nas.¯ır al-D¯ınMuh. ammad,Mihraban¯ id, in doctrine of Abu’l-Khat.t.a¯b, 86 411 in doctrine of Mukhammisa, 94 Nas¯.ir al-D¯ın Sha¯hQa¯ja¯r, 423, 472–473, inearly Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı (Qarmat.¯ı) doctrine, 481 97–98, 117–118, 120, 131–132, 134 Nas.¯ır al-D¯ınal-T. us¯ ¯ı, see al-T. us¯ ¯ı,Nas.¯ır inFat¯.imid doctrine, 164–165, 208–209, al-D¯ın 217, 223, 272 Nas¯.ir al-D¯ın
Uthman,¯ Nas.rid am¯ır of in writing of Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 209 S¯ıstan,¯ 383–384 inIranian school of philosophical Nas¯.ir Khan,¯ Ta¯lpur am¯ır ofKalat,¯ 470 Isma¯
¯ılism, 226–228, 231, 234 al-Nas¯.ir li-D¯ınAlla¯h Ah. madb.Yah. ya,¯ Navanagar, see Jamnagar Zayd¯ıimam in Yaman, 230 al-Nawbakht¯ı,AbuMu¯ h. ammad al-H. asan al-Nas¯.ir li’l-H. aqq,Zayd¯ıimam in b. Mus¯ a,¯ Imam¯ ¯ı scholar and T. abaristan,¯ see al-H. asan b.
Al¯ı heresiographer, 9, 87, 98, 102, 116, al-Ut.rus¯ h 117 al-Nas¯.ir Nas¯.ir al-D¯ınMuh. ammad, on the Kaysan¯ iyya, 59, 61 Mamlu¯k sultan, 402 on Ism¯a
¯ıliyya al-kh¯alis.a, 89–90 Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı and author, on the Khat.t.a¯biyya, 85, 90 30, 205–207, 226, 233, 312, 428, 440 on the Qarmat.¯ıs, 96–97, 102, 107, 109 publishedinthe West, 28, 30 on early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıimams, 96–97, 117 on Qarmat.¯ısofBah. rayn, 111, 210 omits mention of Ibnal-Qadda¯h. , 103 on the doctrine of the imamate, Naw-h. is.¯ar,ceremonies of, 494 208–209 Nawsar¯ı, inGujarat,¯ 442 da
wa activities in Khuras¯ an,¯ 206, 218, Na¯wus¯ iyya, early Sh¯ı
¯ı sect, 88 325 NearEast, 11, 19, 20, 69, 114, 115, 145, supposed author of Kal¯am-i p¯ır, 433 201, 243, 368 reveredbyNiza¯r¯ıs: ofBadakhshan, see also Middle East 206–207, 407, 494; ofKhuras¯ an,¯ 493 Neoplatonism, 223 Nas¯.iriyya, Zayd¯ı communityin Pseudo-Aristotelian works, 224 T. abaristan,¯ 314 in cosmology of Iranian school of Nas¯.irwands, ofLa¯h¯ıjan,¯ 416 philosophical Isma¯
¯ılism, 228–231 Naslan,¯ d¯a
¯ı, 262 inFat¯.imid teaching, 166, 230, 232–233 Nas.r II, Sam¯ an¯ id am¯ır, 112, 113 of al-Nasaf¯ı, 113, 154, 225–226, 233 Nas.r al-
Ajam¯ı, see Abu¯ Mans.u¯rb. of AbuH¯ . at¯ imal-Ra¯z¯ı, 225–227, 228, Muh. ammad 233 Nas.rb.
Abbas¯ b. Abi’l-Futu¯h. , 250 of al-Sijistan¯ ¯ı, 155, 225–228 Nas.rb.Sayya¯r,Umayyad governor, 73, of al-Kirman¯ ¯ı, 225–226, 233–234 77 of Ras¯ail Ikhw¯anal-S. af¯a, 235–237 Nas.ra¯ba¯d,village, in Khuras¯ an,¯ 494 in Druze doctrine, 189–190 Nas.rid Maliks, ofS¯ıstan¯ (N¯ımru¯z), 374, inT. ayyib¯ı cosmology, 234, 269 383 Nestorian Christianity, 15 nas..s (designation), 39, 60, 64, 67–68, 71, New Testament, 233 72, 73, 81, 88, 211, 241, 243, 245, Nicephorus II Phocas, Byzantine 248, 262, 275, 281, 284, 286–287, emperor, 145 289, 292, 296, 324, 375, 376, 391, 417 Nih, in S¯ıstan,¯ 384 see also imamate; principleof nas..s Nile, river and valley, 138, 201, 251, 496 n¯as¯ut, 274 Ni
mat Alla¯h Wal¯ıKirman¯ ¯ı, Sha¯h, n¯at.iq, nut.aq¯a (speaking or founder of theNi
mat Alla¯hiyya, law-announcing prophets) 427–429, 461

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Index 749

Ni
mat Alla¯hiyya(Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ı), Sufi in Egypt, 243, 324–325 orde 421, 427–429 passim, 431, 435, inIndia, 242, 325 456, 461–462, 463–464, 465–467, Niza¯r¯ıs, Niza¯riyya, 1, 3, 24, 95, 242–243, 477–479 301–302 N¯ımru¯z, see S¯ıstan¯ historiography, 6–30 passim, 303–310, al-N¯ısa¯bu¯r¯ı,Ah. madb.Ibra¯h¯ım, Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı 405–406 d¯a
¯ı and author, 5, 219–220 distortedimage, 11, 18, 19–20, 22–24, N¯ısha¯pu¯r (N¯ısa¯bu¯r), in Khuras¯ an,¯ 108, 362 113, 195, 206, 221, 224, 312, 345, origins, 310–318 383, 406, 492, 494 Alamut¯ period (483–654/1090–1256), al-N¯ısha¯pu¯r¯ı,Muh. ammadb.Surkh, 3, 301, 316–402;revolt against Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı author, 155 Salju¯qs (483–511/1090–1118), 243, Nis.¯ıb¯ın, in
Ira¯q, 59 313–321 passim, 327–331, 335–338; Niya¯z¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıpoet, 438 consolidation (511–559/1118–1164), Niz.am¯ al-Dawla, M¯ırza¯
Al¯ı Muh. ammad, 338–340, 344–346, 350–358; qiy¯ama maternal grandfather of Aga Khan (559 –607/1164–1210), 358–367, III, 480 373–375; satr (607–654/1210–1256), Niz.am¯ al-Mulk, Salju¯q vizier, 9, 111, 197, 375–398 209, 312, 314, 319, 337 Niza¯r¯ı methodsof struggle, 326–329, Niz.am¯ al-Mulk Mas
u¯db.
Al¯ı, 332, 355 Khwa¯razmian vizier, 374 Niza¯r¯ı state described, 352–355 Niz.am¯ iyya, party, 320 and the Mongols, 382–383, 386–389 Niz.am¯ iyyaMadrasa, Baghdad, 10 passim, 391–398 Niz.am-¯ Sha¯hs, of Ah. madnagar, 452–455 post-Alamut¯ period (654/1256 to passim present), 304, 403, 410–504;initial Niza¯r II, Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Sha¯h Niza¯r II period (654/1256 to ca. 868/1463), Niza¯rb.al-Mustans.ir,Niza¯r¯ıimam, 3, 10, 405–422; Anjudan¯ revival (ca. 211, 241–242, 313, 325–326, 868/1463 to ca. 1100/1690), 405, 418, 342–343, 381, 385 422–442 passim, Kahak andKirman¯ succession to imamate, 3, 241–242, 245, period (ca. 1100/1690 to 1232/1817), 301, 324–325 456–463; modern period (ca. as ancestor of H. asan II
al¯a 1257/1841 to present), 473–504 dhikrihi’l-sal¯am, 361, 363–364, succession ofimams, 97, 325–326, 381 413–415, 417–418, 423, 425 Niza¯r¯ıQuhistan¯ ¯ı,H. ak¯ım Sa
d al-D¯ın b. doctrine: see under imam; imamate; Shams al-D¯ın, Niza¯r¯ıpoet, 406, qiy¯ama; satr; categories of mankind, 411–413, 419 365–366, 381–382, 441–442;inIndia Niza¯rids, branch of Fat¯.imids, 325–326, andin gin¯an literature, 385–386; of 363 al-da
wa al-jad¯ıda, 339 Niza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism, of 487/1094, 2–3, da
wa, see under da
wa 221, 241–243, 245, 311, 324–325, literature, see under literature 342–343, 449, 451 organization, 484–488, 493–494, in al-Hid¯aya al-Amiriyya¯ , following 498–501 passim meeting of 516/1122 inCairo, 245, constitutions, 486–487, 498–501 325, 326, 343 andSufism, see under Sufis, Sufism in Yaman, 243, 263–264 Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı/Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı in Persia, 243, 324–325, 328 schism, 413–414 in Syria, 243, 324–325, 332 overthrew Musafi¯ rids, 154

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750 Index

Niza¯r¯ıs, Niza¯riyya(cont.) numbers, symbolic natureof, 86, plots inFat¯.imid Egypt, 244, 325–326, 131–132, 237 342–343 numismaticevidence, 154, 242, 247, 257, and the Khwa¯razmians, 384, 386–387 304, 326 against Crusaders; Nus.ayr¯ıs, see under nuqab¯a, see naq¯ıb Crusaders; Nus.ayr¯ıs Nuqt.awiyya, 421–422, 426, 436, 437 of named areas, see under A¯ dharbayjan¯ ; n¯ur, see light Afghanistan; Badakhshan; Central Nu¯r, inMa¯zandaran,¯ 417 Asia; Daylam; East Africa; India; Nu¯r
Al¯ıSha¯h,Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ıSufi, 461, Pakistan; South Asia; Khuras¯ an¯ ; 462 Kirman¯ ; Persia; Syria; Quhistan¯ ; Nu¯r Alla¯h,grandson of Ni
mat Alla¯h Wal¯ı Transoxania; etc. Kirman¯ ¯ı, 428 see also Assassins; Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs; Khojas; Nu¯r al-Dahr (Nu¯r al-D¯ın)
Al¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı Satpanth Isma¯
¯ılism; imam, 425, 437–439 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ıs; Niza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı Nu¯r al-Dahr Khal¯ıl Alla¯h,Niza¯r¯ıimam, schism; Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ıs see Nu¯r al-Dahr (Nu¯r al-D¯ın)
Al¯ı Noah, see Nu¯h. Nu¯r al-D¯ın(Nu¯r al-Dahr)
Al¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı non-Arab Muslims, see maw¯al¯ı imam, see Nu¯r al-Dahr (Nu¯r al-D¯ın) Normans, 144, 202
Al¯ı North Africa, 2, 5, 99, 102, 115, 128, 139, Nu¯r al-D¯ınMah. mu¯db.Zang¯ı, Zangid 142, 157, 170, 176, 182, 201–202, ruler of Aleppo, 250–252 passim, 214, 221, 225, 239, 313 253, 254, 352, 367, 368, 369 see also Ifr¯ıqiya; Maghrib; Morocco Nu¯r al-D¯ınMuh. ammad,Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Nott, General William, 470 Abu¯ Dharr
Al¯ı Nubia, Nubians, 182, 217 Nu¯r al-D¯ınMuh. ammad II b. H. asan
al¯a nubuwwa (prophecy), 63, 83–84 dhikrihi’l-sal¯am, see Muh. ammad II, Nubuwwiyya, 370 Niza¯r¯ıimam Nu¯h. (Noah), 94, 97, 98, 131, 208, 226, 365 Nu¯r al-D¯ınNi
mat Alla¯hb.
Abd Alla¯h, Nu¯h. I, Sam¯ an¯ id am¯ır, 113 see Ni
mat Alla¯h Wal¯ıKirman¯ ¯ı Nukhayla, nearKu¯fa, 51 Nu¯r al-D¯ın Sha¯h, son of Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ II, Nukka¯r¯ıs, Nukka¯riyya, subgroup of 480 Iba¯d. iyya, 145–146 Nu¯r Muh. ammad Nu¯r al-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, al-Nu
man¯ b. Muh. ammad,al-Qa¯d.¯ı Abu¯ 285 H. an¯ıfa, Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıjurist and author 5, Nu¯rbakhsh,Muh. ammadb.
Abd Alla¯h, 30, 104, 162, 168–170, 177, 215–225 Sufi master, 427 passim, 297 Nu¯rbakhshiyya, Sufi order, 419, 427, 435 on theMahd¯ı’s role, 119, 164–165, 166 Nu¯r¯ı,M¯ırza¯ A¯ qa¯ Khan,¯ see A¯ qa¯ Khan¯ Nu¯r¯ı on the ideal d¯a
¯ı, 219–220 al-Nu¯r¯ı,M¯ırzaH¯ . usayn, Twelver traditions compiledby, 83, 222 scholar, 168 quotes
Abdan,¯ 120–121 Nus.ayr¯ıs, Nus.ayriyya, 27, 95, 332, 348, 349 reports Fat¯.imid assertion of
Alid rivalry with Niza¯r¯ıs, 94, 309, 353, 408, ancestry, 104 489, 490 on da
wa, 216–217; to Yaman, 109 doctrines: ghul¯at heritage, 67, 94; eulogizedbyNas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 205 gnostic, 94–95; of tan¯asukh, 190, 372 reveredbyT. ayyib¯ıBohras, 280, 294 Nus¯ htag¯ın, Salju¯q am¯ır, 324 works preservedbySyrian Niza¯r¯ıs, 309 Nus.rat al-Dawla, F¯ıru¯z M¯ırza,¯ Qa¯ja¯r and Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı system of fiqh, 168–171, governor ofKirman,¯ 465 214, 222, 299 Nus.rat al-D¯ın, lord of Zawzan, 374

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Index 751

Nus.rat al-D¯ın b. Bahrams¯ ha¯h,Nas.rid Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ısof, 429 am¯ır ofS¯ıstan,¯ 384 see also Chitral; Gilgit; Hunza; Multan¯ ; Nus.rat al-fatra,of
Ima¯d al-D¯ın Panja¯b; Sind Muh. ammad al-Kat¯ ib al-Is.fahan¯ ¯ı, 308 Palermo, in Sicily, 143, 144 al-Nuwayr¯ı,Ah. madb.
Abd al-Wahha¯b, Palestine, 61, 123, 163, 205, 399 historian, 8, 25, 101 under Fat¯.imids, 139, 175, 176, 195, 197, Nuzhat al-afk¯ar,of Idr¯ıs
Ima¯d al-D¯ın, 240 221, 250 Nuzhat al-qul¯ub,of H. amd Alla¯h disputedbyFat¯.imidsand Jarra¯h. ids, Mustawf¯ı, 307 182, 192 under Crusaders, 13, 14, 244 oath of allegiance, see bay
a; m¯ıth¯aq Artuqids in, 243 occultation, see ghayba Pamir, region and mountains, in Central OdoofSaint-Amand,Grand Master of Asia, 29, 206, 408, 452, 494 the Knights Templar, 369 Pamiri languages, 495, 496 OdoricofPordenone, Franciscan friar Pandiy¯at-i jav¯anmard¯ı,of Mustans.ir and traveller, 19 bi’lla¯h II, 432–433, 445, 446, 447 Oge¨ dei,Great Khan, 388 Panjriver, inTransoxania, 29, 451, 495 Oghuz Turks, 195 Panja¯b,nowin Pakistan, 409, 410, 443, Old Man of the Mountain, 11, 13, 14, 16, 457 18, 19, 368, 390 Panja¯b¯ı (language), 444 Old Testament, 233 Paradise, 134, 274 O¨ ljeytu(U¨ lja¯ytu),¯ ¯Ilkhan¯ id, 305–306, 307 of theOld Man inMarco Polo’s Oman, see
Uman¯ narrative, 16–17 Orestes, Melkite patriarch of deniedbyghul¯at, 65 Jerusalem, 177 in doctrine of Abu¯ Mans.u¯r, 70 orientalism, 22–26, 30 inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine of the qiy¯ama, Orontes river, in Syria, 123, 335 360–361, 364, 411 Oteg¨ u-C¨ hina, Mongol commanderin inNuqt.aw¯ıdoctrine, 422 Khuras¯ an,¯ 397 in Satpanth Isma¯
¯ılism, 450 OttoI,emperor of Germany, 145 pardah (ch¯adur), 300, 488 Ottoman Turks, 10, 20, 280, 287, 296, 408, Paris, 27, 28, 31, 481, 504 481, 489 Pasha¯pu¯ya(Fasha¯fu¯ya), nearRayy, 111 Ottomans, see Ottoman Turks Pas¯ıkhan¯ ¯ı,Mah. mu¯d,Nuqt.aw¯ıleader, 422 Outram, Major James, Britishpolitical Pas¯ıkhan¯ iyya, see Nuqt.awiyya agent in Sind, 470 Patan,¯ inGujarat,¯ 276, 277–278, 385, 442 Oxus (Am¯ u¯ Darya)¯ river, 29, 206, 325, peasantry; early supportersof 373, 377, 383, 387, 391, 392, 451, 495 Isma¯
¯ılism, 108, 115 O¨ zbeg, Muz.affar al-D¯ın, Eldigu¨zid, 377, Perry, Sir Erskine, 475 386, 387 Persia(Iran) O¨ zbegs, 452 Marco Polo in, 15–16 Sh¯ı
ism in, 54, 56, 420–421, 425–427, Pa¯diz, in Daylam, 415 430–431, 435–436 Padua, inItaly, 22 laterKaysan¯ ¯ı sects, 63, 79 Pakistan, 207, 483, 496 Sufism in, 420–421, 426–431 Niza¯r¯ısof, 433, 484, 488, 494, 495, 497, early Isma¯
¯ılism in, 95, 109, 115–116, 503; organization, 499–500, 501 121–122, 149, 152–155, 166 Da¯u¯d¯ısof, 290–291 Iranian school of philosophical Sulayman¯ ¯ısof, 298, 299 Isma¯
¯ılism in, 167, 225–228

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752 Index

Persia(Iran) (cont.) philosophical Isma¯
¯ılism, 138, 222, Fat¯.imid Isma¯
¯ılism in, 184, 202–207, 224–228, 230–231, 232, 233–234, 420 218, 310–311 see also cosmology; Neoplatonism Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı‘threat’perceivedbyNiz.am¯ pilgrimage to Mecca, see h. ajj al-Mulk, 209 Pipino, Francesco, ofBologna, IbnMu
a¯wiya in, 75 Dominican friar and author, 13 underSalju¯qs, 195–197, 313, 316, p¯ır, 207, 405, 412, 439–441, 442, 443, 488 346 analogous with Niza¯r¯ıimam, 366 Niza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism, 324–325 operated as d¯a
¯ıs independently of underKhwa¯razmsha¯hs, 373–374, 383, Niza¯r¯ıimams, 409, 432, 439, 384, 386–388 442–443, 445, 447, 452 Mongol conquest of, 301, 388–389, authorsand subjects of gin¯ans, 385, 391–397 409, 442–444, 450 under ¯Ilkhan¯ idsand T¯ımu¯rids, 425–426 Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıimams as, 419, H. uru¯f¯ıs in, 421 431, 433, 434, 440 underS.afawids, 430–431, 435–437 conversion strategy of, 448–450 Afghan invasion of, 459 see also murshid; qut.b under Zanddynasty, 459–462 P¯ır Muh. ammadSh¯ırwan¯ ¯ı, Sunn¯ı underQa¯ja¯rdynasty, 459–463, 464–468 scholar, 453, 454 during ConstitutionalRevolution, P¯ırana,¯ near Ah. mada¯ba¯d, 445, 446 492–493 p¯ır-i kull, 434 maw¯al¯ı of, 54–55 P¯ırkhan¯ Shuja¯
al-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı Niza¯r¯ısof, 3, 4, 13, 209–210, 301, 304, d¯a
¯ı, 283–284 320–324, 330, 403, 488;literature, Plato (Aflat¯.un),¯ 223, 229, 237 303–304, 406, 418–420, 433–434, Plotinus (al-Shaykh al-Yun¯ an¯ ¯ı), 455; establishment of Niza¯r¯ı state philosopher, 223–224, 228, 229, 231, centred at Alamut,¯ 314–319, 234 326–330, 335–339, 344–346, Polo, Marco, see Marco Polo 352–355;proclamation of qiy¯ama at Poona, inIndia, 407, 473, 476, 480 Alamut,¯ 358–367, 373–374; satr at Poonawala, Ismail K., 32, 407, 439 Alamut,¯ 375–398;post-Alamut¯ Pope, the, 352, 390 period: initialperiod, 410–422; Porphyry (Furfu¯riyus),¯ philosopher, 224 Anjudan¯ revival, 418–420, 422–425, Portugal, 501 431–442;Kahak andKirman¯ period, Pragati Mandal (Progressive Group), of 456–463; modern period, 463–468, Da¯u¯d¯ıBohras, 289 470–472, 490–494 prayer,see.sal¯at Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I’s campaign, 465–470, 471, Privy Council Judgement, of 1947, 289 473 Proclus (Buruqlus), philosopher, 224 Aga Khan III’svisitto,484 prophecy,seenubuwwa Persian (language), 1, 21, 207, 449, 447, prophets 480 cycleof, 69, 70, 97–98, 135 adoptedbyNiza¯r¯ıs, 302, 304, 316, ¯ulu’l-
azm, 97, 131, 226 406–408, 432 inthe historicalprocess, 231–232 Persian Gulf, 43, 138, 148, 201, 210, 291, pseudo-Aristotelian works, see 459, 468, 500 Neoplatonism Persian ‘national sentiment’, 316 Philip II Augustus, king of France, 22 Qa¯an¯ ¯ı,H. ab¯ıb Alla¯h, poet, 464 Philip of Montford, lord of Tyre, 402 qadar, 134–135, 136, 230

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Index 753

Qadda¯h. ids, 101–105 passim, 106 Qa¯ja¯rdynasty,ofPersia, 459–460, 461, Qa¯d.¯ı Ah. mad al-Qumm¯ı, historian, 436 462, 477 al-Qa¯d.¯ı al-Fa¯d. il,Fat¯.imid secretary, 255 chroniclersof, 408 al-Qa¯d.¯ı al-Nu
man,¯ see al-Nu
man¯ b. and Niza¯r¯ıs, 405, 463–465; and Imam Muh. ammad Abu’l-H. asan
Al¯ı, beglerbegi, q¯ad.¯ıal-qud. ¯at (chief q¯ad.¯ı), 168, 172, 181, 459–462; andSha¯hKhal¯ıl Alla¯h (III), 187, 195, 208, 214, 252 27, 463; Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I, 463–469, 473; Qa¯d.¯ıRah. mat Alla¯hb.Ghulam¯ Mus.t.afa,¯ Sarda¯r Abu’l-H. asan Khan,¯ 471–472; Imam-¯ Sha¯h¯ı author, 444 Aga Khan III, 481 al-Qa¯dir,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 101, 185 qalam (pen), 134, 230, 270 Qa¯diriyya, Sufi order, 428, 444 qalandar, 412, 421 Qa¯disiyya, in
Ira¯q, 124 Qal
at Ban¯ı H. amma¯d, inthe Qadmus,¯ castle, in Syria, 12, 349–350, Maghrib, 147, 180 368, 400, 401, 402, 456, 489, Qal
at al-Shar¯ıf, castle, in Syria, 347 490 al-Qalqashand¯ı,Ah. madb.
Al¯ı, secretary Qafs.a, inNorth Africa, 127 intheMamlu¯k chancery and al-Qa¯hir b. al-Muhtad¯ıb.al-Ha¯d¯ıb. author, 6, 140, 213, 247 Niza¯r,Niza¯r¯ıimam, 364 Qandaha¯r, inAfghanistan, 436, 460, 468, al-Qa¯hira, see Cairo 469–470 Qah. t.aba b. Shab¯ıb, 77 Qara Qoyunlu dynasty,ofPersia,
Ira¯q al-Qa¯id b. H. amma¯d,H. amma¯did, 202 and eastern Anatolia, 425 q¯aim, Qarakhan¯ ids, of Transoxania, 203, 316 in doctrine ofpre-Fat¯.imid Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, Qaram¯ it.a, see Qarmat.¯ıs 96–97, 98, 108, 116–119, 124, 129, QaraqaiBitikchi, Mongol 132, 134 commander, 397 in doctrine of Fat¯.imid Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, Qarmat.¯ıs, 2, 32, 96, 116, 210 164–165, 208, 219, 222, 223 originof the name, 108 in Druze doctrine, 188–189 ofBah. rayn, 110–111, 121, 133, inIranian school of philosophical 147–150, 152, 161–162, 235, 310; Isma¯
¯ılism, 226–228 relations with Fat¯.imids, 9, 26, in Musta
l¯ı-T. ayyib¯ıdoctrine, 239, 140–141, 149, 151–152, 161–167 272–275 passim, 185; allowed compilation of inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine of theAlamut¯ Epistles, 235–236 period, 326, 360, 363, 412 of
Ira¯q, 98–99, 107–109, 115, 116–117, see also im¯am-q¯aim; Mahd¯ı; qiy¯ama; 120, 124, 149–150, 166–167 q¯aim al-qiy¯ama ofPersia, 121, 152, 167 al-Qa¯im,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 194, 195, of Yaman, 122 196–197, 209, 210 in revolts of, 289–294/902–907, al-Qa¯im, Fat¯.imid caliph, 105, 106, 119, 122–124 123, 125, 140, 142–143, 144, invasions ofSyria, 173–174 145–146, 156, 157, 166, 173, 211–212 enumeration ofimams, 96–97, 104–105 q¯aim al-qiy¯ama, 208, 272, 360–361 series of ¯ulu’l-
azam prophets, 97, 131 Qa¯im-maqam-¯ i Fara¯han¯ ¯ı,M¯ırza¯ Mahdism of Muh. ammadb.Isma¯
¯ıl, Abu’l-Qas¯ im, Qa¯ja¯r chief 97–98, 131–132, 149, 152 minister, 464, 467 as dissident Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs inschism of, Qa¯in, in Quhistan,¯ 319, 353, 378, 411, 286/899, 116–117, 120–121, 427, 490, 493, 494 122–123, 164 Qajaq, Salju¯q am¯ır, 357 Qashqa¯¯ı tribesmen, ofPersia, 462

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754 Index

Qas¯ im
Al¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıimam, 459 under Am¯ır Kiya¯¯ıSayyids, 415 Qas¯ imal-Anwa¯r, Sufi poet, 420, 422, 428, Jahang¯ ¯ır (Iskandarid) executed at, 417 430 Nuqt.awiyyaof, 422 al-Qas¯ im b.
Abd al-
Az¯ız b. Muh. ammad as S.afawid capital, 437 b. al-Nu
man,¯ Fat¯.imid chief d¯a
¯ı and Qift., inupperEgypt, 254 chief q¯ad.¯ı,great-grandson of al-Qa¯d.¯ı qil¯a
al-da
wa,Niza¯r¯ı castles in Syria, 350, al-Nu
man,¯ 172, 203 408 al-Qas¯ im b. Ah. mad, Qarmat.¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 124 Qirwas¯ hb.al-Muqallad,
Uqaylid, 185 al-Qas¯ imal-Mans.u¯r,Zayd¯ıimam in qiy¯ama (resurrection), 60, 120, 132, 133, Yaman, 296 208 Qas¯ im Sha¯h,Niza¯r¯ıimam, 385, 413–414, in doctrines of the ghul¯at, 65 418, 442 deniedbyAbu¯ Mans.u¯r, 70 Qas¯ ima¯ba¯d,village, innorthern inT. ayyib¯ıdoctrine, 272–275 Khuras¯ an,¯ 494 Niza¯r¯ıdoctrine of, 303, 357–361 Qas¯ im¯ı Zayd¯ıs, of Yaman, 199, 296–297 elaboration ofdoctrine by Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıs, see Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ıs Muh. ammad II, 363–367, rejectedby Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ıs, Qas¯ imiyya, branch of H. asan III, 375;revived under Niza¯r¯ıs, 32, 405, 413–414, 417–418 Muh. ammad III, 378–382;Syrian, literature, 406, 413, 433–434 371, 372 Anjudan¯ period, 413, 422–423, 425, proclamation: at Alamut,¯ 358–359; at 431–442 passim;laterperiod, Mumina¯ba¯d, 359;in Syria, 359, 456–463; see further Niza¯r¯ıs: 370 post-Alamut¯ period: modern period forQas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıs, 412, 433, and Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ıs, 413–414, 440–442 417, 433, 451, 455–456, 490 inNiza¯r¯ı gin¯ans, 450 ofSyria, 489–490 in Druze doctrine, 188 see also Khojas; Niza¯r¯ıs; Satpanth inNuqt.aw¯ıdoctrine, 422 Isma¯
¯ılism see also ma
¯ad; eschatology Qas.r-i
Al¯ı, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı’s family, 294 qiy¯amat al-qiy¯am¯at (theGreat Qassam,¯ assistant to Alftak¯ın, 175, 177 Resurrection), 132, 269, 272, 381 Qast.¯ıliya, inNorth Africa, 127, 146 qiy¯as (analogy), 171 Qat.¯ıf, in easternArabia, 110, 185, 210 Qizil-bas¯ h, 430, 435, 437 qawl al-aimma, 171 Qizil Sa¯riq, Salju¯q am¯ır, 319 Qawnas. (Qun¯ is.), d¯a
¯ı, 262 Quatreme`re, E´ tienne Marc, orientalist, 24 Qayrawan¯ (Kairouan), 125, 126, 143, 146, Quba¯diyan,¯ in Khuras¯ an,¯ 205 159, 162, 168, 180, 183, 201 Qubayb, Banu’l-, of Yaman, 259 Abu¯
Abd Alla¯h al-Sh¯ı
¯ı threatened, 127 Qubilai,Great Khan, 15 in Kha¯rij¯ırevoltof AbuYa¯ z¯ıd, 146–147 Quc¯ han¯ (Khabus¯ han),¯ in Khuras¯ an,¯ 393 Z¯ırid capital, 202 Quhistan¯ (Ku¯histan),¯ region, in Qays, Banu,¯ ofSyria, 51 southeastern Khuras¯ an,¯ 311, 356, Qays.ariyya, see Caesarea 414, 427, 470, 491 Qazv¯ın¯ı,Muh. ammad, 103, 106, 305 Marco Polo in, 17 Qazw¯ın, in Persia, 307, 317, 319, 324, 393, Niza¯r¯ısof, 316, 318–319, 320, 329, 336, 394, 396, 453 339, 352, 358, 376, 378, 452; underSalju¯qs, 338 libraries, 355;Salju¯q attackson,329, H. asan-iS.abba¯h. at, 314 330, 336, 345, 356; against S¯ıstan,¯ relations with Niza¯r¯ısofRu¯dba¯r, 346, 345, 383–384; against Ghu¯rids, 374, 356, 374, 376, 387–388 376; Mongolinvasions, 383, 391–394 Mongol massacreof Niza¯r¯ıs at, 397 passim, 397, 411;post-Alamut¯

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Index 755

centre, 410;Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı centre, Rad.¯ı al-D¯ınAbu’l-Ma
a¯l¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı chief 438, d¯a
¯ı in Syria, 389, 399, 400 home of Niza¯r¯ıQuhistan¯ ¯ı, 411–412 Rad.¯ı al-D¯ın b. Muh. ammadSha¯h, Qulay
a, castle, in Syria, 350, 400, 401 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıimam, 451 Qul¯ıj Khan,¯ Mughal governor of Gujarat,¯ Rad. wa¯ mountains, near Medina, 59 281 Raf¯ı
al-D¯ınH. usayn, son ofSha¯h T. a¯hir Qum¯ is, region, innorthern Persia Dakkan¯ı, 455 Niza¯r¯ısof, 329, 339, 342, 353, 376, 384 Rafi¯ d. a, Rawafi¯ d. , 72, 206 in Mongolinvasions, 391, 397 raf¯ıq, raf¯ıq¯an (comrades), 317, 329, 358, underSalju¯qs, 321, 338, 345 365 Qumm, incentralPersia, 111, 311, 418, Rafsanjan,¯ in Kirman,¯ 459 431, 437, 455, 456, 463, 464, 465 R¯ah. at al-
aql,of H. am¯ıd al-D¯ın al-Qumm¯ı, Sa
db.
Abd Alla¯h al-Ash
ar¯ı, al-Kirman¯ ¯ı, 184, 233–234, 269, 297 Imam¯ ¯ı scholar andheresiographer, 9, R¯ah. at al-s.ud¯ur,of al-Ra¯wand¯ı, 308 59, 87, 102, 116, 117 Rah. ba, 196 on theMukhammisa, 94 Rahim, Prince, son of Aga Khan IV, 504 on the Ism¯a
¯ıliyya al-kh¯alis.a, 90 Rah. mat
Al¯ıSha¯h,Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ıSufi on the Khat.t.a¯biyya, 85, 90 master, 468, 477 on the Qarmat.¯ıs, 96–97, 98, 109 Rah. mat Alla¯hb.H. asan Kab¯ır al-D¯ın, 447 on early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıimams, 96–97, 117 raj
a (return), 60, 64, 65 omits mention of Ibnal-Qadda¯h. , 103 Ra¯jaJama¯l al-D¯ın b. H. asan, Quran,¯ 37, 39, 42, 60, 66, 70, 82, 86, 117, Mulla,¯ 278–279, 284 126, 135, 181, 222, 227, 272, 285, Rajasthan, inIndia, 276, 450 396, 477, 501 Ra¯j¯ı T. a¯hira, wifeofSha¯hj¯ı M¯ıran¯ z. ¯ahir and b¯at.in aspects, 83, 129 Sha¯h, 447 on evolution, 131–132, 133–134 Ralph of Merle, Crusaderknight, 352 understoodperfectly by imam, 83 Ramdev P¯ır,Hindusaint, 450 taw¯ıl of, 70, 86 Rametta, in Sicily, 145 inIsma¯
¯ıl¯ı system oflaw, 170–171 Ramla, in Palestine, 123, 125, 161, 162, as the last Veda, 450 173, 182, 216, 244 al-Qur¯anal-n¯at.iq, 222 Ram¯ pu¯r¯ı,Muh. ammad
Al¯ı, see al-Qur¯anal-s.¯amit, 222 Muh. ammad
Al¯ıb.MullaJ¯ ¯ıwa¯bha¯¯ı al-Qurash¯ı,Muh. ammadb.al-Wahb, Ram¯ pu¯r¯ı Druze d¯a
¯ı, 187, 190 Ran¯ iku¯h, in Daylam, 416 Quraysh, Meccan tribe, 37, 44, 57, 240, Raqqa, in Syria, 192, 335, 367 267 Raqqa¯da, nearQayrawan,¯ 127, 128, 157 Quraysh,
Uqaylid ruler of Maws.il, 196, Raqqam¯ ¯ıKhuras¯ an¯ ¯ı,
Al¯ıQul¯ıb.Imam¯ 204 Qul¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıpoet, 406 Qurra, Banu, 182 Ras.ad, mother of theFat¯.imid caliph qurr¯a, inearly Islam, 42–43, 44, 45, 47, 51 al-Mustans.ir, 193 Qus¯ ., in Egypt, 249 Ras¯ail al-h. ikma,scriptures of the qut.b (pole), Sufi master, 427, 429, 431, Druzes, 189 433, 461, 463, 467, 468, 477 Ras¯ail Ikhw¯anal-S. af¯a, 28, 32, 100, 203, see also murshid; p¯ır; khal¯ıfa; shaykh 235–236, 265, 367 Qut.bkhan¯ Qut.b al-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 283 influences of different traditions and schoolsof thought, 236, 237 al-Ra¯d.¯ı,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 150, 151 see also Ikhwan¯ al-S.afa¯ Rad.¯ı al-D¯ınIIb. T. a¯hir,Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Rasam¯ u¯j, holder ofLamasar, 324 Niza¯r¯ıimam, 451, 452 al-Ras¯ hid,
Abbas¯ id caliph, 356

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756 Index

al-Rash¯ıd Ah. madb.
Al¯ıb.al-Zubayr, H. asan-iS.abba¯h. ’searly careerin, al-Qa¯d.¯ı, 257 311–312, 314 Rash¯ıd al-D¯ınFad. l Alla¯h, historian and Niza¯r¯ısof, 324, 329, 357; da
wa to, 384 ¯Ilkhan¯ id vizier, 6, 25, 305–306, 307, in Mongolinvasions, 394 309, 360, 380 al-Ra¯z¯ı (Rhazes), Abu¯ Bakr Muh. ammad on H. asan-iS.abba¯h. , 313;‘taleof the b. Zakariyya¯, physician and three schoolfellows’, 312 philosopher, 112 on Fakhr al-D¯ınal-Ra¯z¯ı, 367 al-Ra¯z¯ı,AbuH¯ . at¯ im, see AbuH¯ . at¯ im on al-Sijistan¯ ¯ı, 155 al-Ra¯z¯ı on Mongolinvasions, 393, 398 RedSea, 296 Ras¯ hid al-D¯ın Sinan,¯ Niza¯r¯ıleaderin coast of Africa, partof Fat¯.imid empire, Syria, 11, 13, 27, 254, 309, 313, 138, 176 367–373, 389, 402 trade routes through, 201, 256 Rasht, inG¯ılan,¯ 416 Reginald of Vichiers, Grand Master of the ras¯ul, 97, 118 Knights Templar, 390 ras¯ul All¯ah, 36 religious dues, see under dah-yik; Rasu¯lids, of Yaman, 267, 268 dassondh; khums; najw¯a; zak¯at; h. aqq Rawafi¯ d. , see Rafi¯ d. a al-nafs; h. aqq-i im¯am; sal¯am al-Ra¯wand¯ı,Najmal-D¯ınMuh. ammadb. resurrection, see qiy¯ama
Al¯ı, historian, 308 Rhazes, see al-Ra¯z¯ı,Abu¯ Bakr Ra¯wandiyya, 62, 79 Richard I, the Lion Heart, king of see also Has¯ himiyya, Sh¯ı
¯ı group England, 372, 373 Ra¯war, in Kirman,¯ 465, 469 Rid. a¯
Al¯ıSha¯hDakkan¯ı,Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ı Rawd. at al-akhb¯ar,of Idr¯ıs
Ima¯d Sufi master, 461 al-D¯ın, 240 al-rid. ¯amin ¯alMuh. ammad, 76–77, 79 Rawd. at al-tasl¯ım,of Nas.¯ır al-D¯ın Rid. wan,¯ Salju¯qruler of Aleppo, 325, al-T. us¯ ¯ı, 379, 380, 381 331–334 passim, 348 Rawlinson, Major Henry, Britishpolitical Rid. wan¯ b. Walakhsh¯ı,Fat¯.imid vizier, 249 agent inAfghanistan, 470 R¯ıf, inNorth Africa, 156 Ray
an,¯ in Yaman, 259 Rifa¯
a, Banu,¯ of
Ira¯q, 149 Raydan,¯ confidant of theFat¯.imid caliph R¯ıgan,¯ in Baluc¯ histan,¯ 469 al-H. a¯kim, 180 Ris¯ala,of Abu¯
¯Isaa¯ l-Murshid, 133, 233 Raydan,¯ mosque, Cairo, 187 Ris¯ala,ofKhayrkhwa¯h-i Harat¯ ¯ı, 434 Rayh. an¯ıs, faction inFat¯.imid army, al-Ris¯alaal-j¯ami
a,of Ikhwan¯ al-S.afa¯, 236 250 al-Ris¯alaal-mudhhiba,of al-Qa¯d.¯ı Raymond, son ofBohemond IV, of al-Nu
man,¯ 164 Antioch, 389 al-Ris¯ala al-Ramad. aniyya¯ ,of T. a¯hir Sayf Raymond II of Tripoli, 352 al-D¯ın, 290 Raymond of Antioch,Crusader al-Ris¯alaal-w¯a
iz.a,of H. am¯ıd al-D¯ın knight, 352 al-Kirman¯ ¯ı, 188 Rayy, in Persia, 153, 233, 319, 320, 373, al-Ris¯ala al-waz¯ıriyya,of Ibn Killis, 177 377, 427 Riya¯h. iyya, subgroup ofKaysan¯ iyya, 62 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa to, 102, 111–112, 113, Roger II, king ofSicily, 202, 249 115, 152 Romanus IV Diogenes, Byzantine joineddissidents inIsma¯
¯ıl¯ı schism of emperor, 198 286/899, 121 Rome, 13 al-Sijistan¯ ¯ıin, 112, 113, 155 Rousseau, Jean Baptiste L. J.,French Fat¯.imid da
wa to, 202 consulinAleppo, 26–27

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Index 757

Ru¯dba¯r, district intheupperSha¯hru¯d, in s¯abiqa, 42, 43, 134, 229, 230 northern Persia 153, 317, 318–320 Sab
iyya(Seveners), 97 passim, 324, 344 Sabta (Ceuta), intheMaghrib, 142, 156 Niza¯r¯ısof, 324, 329, 339, 342, 344, 352, Sa¯bu¯r (Sha¯pu¯r), son of AbuT¯ . a¯hir 358;Salju¯q attackson,318, 319, 337, al-Janna¯b¯ı, 151, 161 345, 376;relations with: Caspian Sabz
Al¯ı, p¯ır, 495, 496 provinces, 357, 367, 374, 387; Sa
d al-Dawla, H. amdan¯ id am¯ır of Khwa¯razmians, 374, 387; Aleppo, 175 Ma¯zandaran,¯ 374;Qazw¯ın, see under S.a
da, in Yaman, 198, 259 Qazw¯ın; Mongolinvasions:during, al-s¯adaal-ruas¯a, Qarmat.¯ıleaders in 391, 393–398 passim; post-Alamut¯ Bah. rayn, 161 410–411, 415–418 S.adaqa b. Yusu¯ f,Fat¯.imid vizier, 193 r¯uh. ,seenafs al-S.a¯diq, imam, see Ja
far al-S.a¯diq r¯uh. aniyy¯¯ un, 134 S.a¯diq Khan¯ Zand, 460 see also jadd; fath. ; khay¯al S.adr al-D¯ın, Niza¯r¯ı envoy ofRuknal-D¯ın Ruknal-Dawla Qa¯rin, Ba¯wandid, 374 Khursha¯h, 393 Ruknal-D¯ın, son of Muh. ammad S.adr al-D¯ın, p¯ır, 443, 445, 450, 476 Khwa¯razmsha¯h, 384 S.adr al-D¯ın(Sadruddin), Prince, son of Ruknal-D¯ın b. Bahrams¯ ha¯h,Nas.rid am¯ır Aga Khan III, 483 ofS¯ıstan,¯ 384 S.adr al-D¯ın, S.afawid shaykh, 430 Ruknal-D¯ın Khursha¯h (Khwursha¯h), S.adr al-D¯ın
Al¯ıb.Nas¯.ir al-H. usayn¯ı, Niza¯r¯ıimam andlast lord of historian, 308 Alamut,¯ 18, 302, 304–305, 391–398 S.adr al-D¯ınMuh. ammadb.H. aydar, passim, 403, 410, 411, 446 Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıimam, 455 Rum¯ (Anatolia), 205, 217, 374, 384, 390, S.afad, in Syria, 255, 261 421, 430 Safar-n¯ama,of Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 28, 205, Ruman¯ ¯ı, nearShahr-iBa¯bak, 468 206 Rus.a¯fa, castle, in Syria, 350, 368, 400, Safar-n¯ama,of Niza¯r¯ıQuhistan¯ ¯ı, 411, 401 412 Rus¯ han,¯ in Badakhshan, 29, 452, 502 S.afawid dynasty,ofPersia, 279, 415, 417, Russell, Justice Coram, 481 422, 425, 426, 427, 429–430, 452–459 Russia, 31, 495 passim see also Soviet Central Asia established TwelverSh¯ı
ism as state Rustamda¯r, in Daylam, 344, 367, 417 religion, 420–421, 426, 430–431, 435 Rustamid dynasty,ofwestern religious policy, 435–437 Algeria, 127, 142 and Niz.am-¯ Sha¯h¯ı state, 454–455 RustichelloofPisa, 18 seized G¯ılan,¯ 417 Ru¯yan,¯ in Daylam, 344, 367, 374, 387 persecutedSufis and extremist Sh¯ı
¯ıs, Ruzz¯ık b. T. ala¯i
,Fat¯.imid vizier, 251 435 S.afawiyya, Sufi order, 427, 430–431 Sa
a¯datku¯h, castle, in Daylam, 345, 356 S.afdarKhan,¯ m¯ır of Hunza, 495–496 Saba b. Abu’l-Su
u¯d,Zuray
id, 256–257 al-Saffa¯h. ,Abu’l-
Abbas,¯
Abbas¯ id Saba b. Yusu¯ f,Ya
bur¯ı chiefin caliph, 75, 77–78, 79 Yaman, 266 S.affa¯rids, ofS¯ıstan¯ and eastern Sabaeans (S.a¯bia), 227 Afghanistan, 114, 139, 155, 316 Sabaiyya, 63–64 S.af¯ı
Al¯ıSha¯h,Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ıSufi S.a¯bia, see Sabaeans; Mandaeans master, 477–479 al-s¯abiq (the preceder), 134, 190 S.af¯ı al-D¯ın, S.afawid shaykh, 430

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758 Index

S.af¯ı al-D¯ınMuh. ammadb.al-Fahd Salerno, inItaly, 144 al-Makram¯ı, Sulayman¯ ¯ı S.a¯lih. b. Mirdas,¯ Kila¯bid, 183, 192 author, 295–296 S.a¯lih. b. Mudrik, 62 Saf¯ıdru¯driver, in Daylam, 153, 324, 415 Sal¯ım Khan,¯ m¯ır of Hunza, 495 .sah. aba¯ , see Companions of the Prophet Salj¯uq-n¯ama, attributed to Z. ah¯ır al-D¯ın .s¯ah. ib al-da
wa, 294 N¯ısha¯pu¯r¯ı, 308 S.a¯h. ib Fakhkh, see al-H. usayn b.
Al¯ı, S.a¯h. ib Salju¯qs, 9, 10, 139, 195–196, 197, 204, Fakhkh 209, 310–311, 313, 316, 320, 338, .s¯ah. ib al-h. aqq, 101 346, 373, 384 .s¯ah. ib al-kh¯al, see al-H. usayn, son of realm, Niza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism in, Zikrawayh 324–325 .s¯ah. ib al-n¯aqa, see Yah. ya,¯ son of Zikrawayh histories of Niza¯r¯ıs, 308 .s¯ah. ib al-sh¯ama, see al-H. usayn, son of against Niza¯r¯ıs, 301, 318–319, 327–330, Zikrawayh 335–338, 344–346, 397 Sa
¯ıd, see al-Mahd¯ı,
Abd Alla¯h,first Salla¯rids, see Musafi¯ rids Fat¯.imid caliph Salman¯ al-Fa¯ris¯ı, 39, 92, 94, 365 S.a
¯ıd, in Egypt, 193–194 salvation, see eschatology; soteriology Sa
¯ıd b.
Abd Alla¯h al-H. anaf¯ı, 50 Sam¯ (Shem), 132 S.a¯
id b. Bad¯ı
, ra¯ıs of Aleppo, 334, 347 Sam¯ M¯ırza,¯ S.afawid author, 455 Sa
¯ıd b. al-H. usayn, see al-Mahd¯ı,
Abd S.amadSha¯h, son of Muc¯ hu¯lSha¯h and Alla¯h,first Fat¯.imid caliph H. a¯jj¯ıB¯ıb¯ı, 481, 491 Sa
¯ıd al-Dawla, H. amdan¯ id am¯ır of Sam¯ an¯ ids, ofKhuras¯ an¯ and Transoxania, Aleppo, 176, 183 112–113, 155, 202, 203, 316 Sa
¯ıd Khan,¯ son of Nar Muh. ammad, 446 Samaritan gnosticism, 135 St Catherine, monastery, in Mount Samarqand, in Central Asia (nowin Sinai, 246 Uzbekistan), 203, 383, 392, 421, St Louis, king of France, see LouisIX 428 StMercurius, church, near Fust.at¯., 177 Sama¯wa, desert, 122 St Petersburg, 29 .s¯amit Sa¯jids(Banu¯ Sa¯j), of A¯ dharbayjan,¯ 153 in doctrine of Abu’l-Khat.t.a¯b, 86 sajj¯ada-nish¯ın, 446, 453, 455 inImam¯ ¯ıdoctrine, 83 Saladin(S.ala¯h. al-D¯ın), founder of the inIsma¯
¯ıl¯ıdoctrine, 132 Ayyu¯bid dynasty, 251–255 passim, Sammas, ofSind, 443 309, 368–369, 370, 372, 373, 389 S.ams.am¯ al-Dawla, Bu¯yid, 235 S.ala¯h. al-D¯ın, p¯ır, 385 S.an
a¯ 28, 110, 122, 126, 198, 199, 238, S.ala¯h. al-D¯ın
Al¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı envoy to 255, 257–260 passim, 265, 266 Khwa¯razmsha¯h, 386 Sana¯¯ı, poet, 420 S.ala¯h. al-D¯ınH. asan-i Mah. mu¯d,Niza¯r¯ı S.anha¯ja(S.inha¯ja), Berbers, 141, 145, author, 380 156–157, 162, 179, 183 S.ala¯h. al-D¯ınYusu¯ f,Ayyu¯bid, see Saladin Sanjar, Salju¯q sultan, 320, 321, 335, 338, sal¯am, 294 340, 345, 346, 357, 373 Salama¯ b.
Abd al-Wahha¯b al-Samu¯ rr¯ı, relations with Niza¯r¯ıs, 329, 330, 336, Druze leader, 187, 190 342, 345–346, 357 Salamiyya, incentralSyria, 5, 100, 102, Sanskrit(language), 409, 443, 474 107, 116, 117, 119, 123, 145, 332, SanudoTorsello, Marino, historian, 13 489–490, 496 Saoshyant, Zoroastrian saviour, 60 Sa¯la¯rids, see Musafi¯ rids S.aqa¯liba, see Slavs .sal¯at (ritualprayer), 169, 294, 442 Saracens, 15, 20

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Index 759

Sarandib (Ceylon), 271 Sayyid Abu’l-H. asan Kahak¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıimam, see also Sri Lanka see Abu’l-H. asan
Al¯ı, beglerbegi Sarbada¯rs, ofKhuras¯ an,¯ 426 Sayyid
Al¯ı,Niza¯r¯ıimam, 458–459 Sarb¯ısha, in Persia, 469 Sayyid
Al¯ıKiya¯ b. Am¯ır KiyaMa¯ lat¯.¯ı, Sarda¯r Abu’l-H. asan Khan,¯ brother of founder of the Caspian Zayd¯ıdynasty Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I, see Abu’l-H. asan Khan¯ of Am¯ır Kiya¯¯ıSayyids, 415–416, 417 Sardinia, 144 Sayyid Fa¯d. il Sha¯h, ancestor ofKadiwala Sargudhasht-i Sayyidn¯a,of H. asan-i Sayyids, 448 S.abba¯h. , 304, 305, 311–312 Sayyid H. asan Beg, Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Sa¯r¯ı, inMa¯zandaran,¯ 417 H. asan
Al¯ı S.a¯rimal-D¯ınMuba¯rakb.Rad.¯ı al-D¯ın, al-Sayyid al-H. imyar¯ı, poet, 60 Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı in Syria, 400–401 Sayyid Ja
far,Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Qas¯ im
Al¯ı Sarm¯ın, innorthern Syria, 333, 335 Sayyid Ja
farSh¯ıra¯z¯ı, see Ja
far, Sayyid Sartakht, fortress, in Quhistan,¯ 393 Sayyid Mahd¯ıKiya¯ b. Am¯ır Kiya¯ Saru¯j, 192 Malat¯.¯ı, 416 Sarv-i Jahan¯ Khanum,¯ Qa¯ja¯rprincess, Sayyid Rad.¯ıKiya¯ b. Sayyid
Al¯ıKiya,¯ ruler mother of Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ II, 464, 477 ofLa¯h¯ıjan,¯ 417 Sas¯ an¯ ids, Sas¯ an¯ id empire, 42, 43, 55, 78, Sayyid Sa
¯ıd b. Sult.an,¯ A¯ lBu¯ Sa
¯ıd¯ı sultan 79 of
Uman¯ and Zanzibar, 291, 486 Satgur Nu¯r, p¯ır, 385, 442 Sayyid Sha¯hKham¯ us¯ h,H. asan, Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı Sat.¯ıf, inNorth Africa, 126 in Badakhshan, 452 Satpanth Isma¯
¯ılism, 32, 442–445, 446, Sayyid Sha¯h Malang, Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı in 447, 448–450, 474 Badakhshan, 452 see further gin¯an; Khojas; Niza¯r¯ıs Sayyid al-T. a¯ifa(Bah. r al-
Ulum),¯ Satpanth¯ıs, see Imam-¯ Sha¯h¯ıs Muh. ammad al-Mahd¯ı al-T. abat¯.aba¯¯ı, satr (concealment), 441 Twelver scholar, 168 Niza¯r¯ıdoctrine of, 378, 380–382, 436 al-SayyidaH. urra bint Ah. mad al-S.ulayh.¯ı, see also dawr al-satr see Arwa¯ Saudi Arabia, 297–298 SayyidnaH¯ . asan-iS.abba¯h. , see H. asan-i Sa
u¯d¯ıs, see A¯ lSa
u¯d S.abba¯h. Sa¯wa, nearQumm, 337, 338, 387, 416 ‘school of Is.fahan¯ ’, 420 Sawa¯d,ofKu¯fa, 42, 99, 107, 109, 115, 124, scriptures, symbolic interpretation of, see 149, 311 taw¯ıl .sawm (fasting), 169, 288, 442 Semenov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 29, S.ayda,¯ see Sidon 30, 31 Sayf al-Dawla S.adaqa, Mazyadid, 335 Seraphiel, see Isra¯f¯ıl Sayf al-D¯ınMuh. ammad,Ghu¯rid, 356 Seth, see Sh¯ıth Sayf al-D¯ın Sult.an¯ Malik b. Kiya¯ Bu¯ Seven-day Prayers (Ad
iyat al-ayy¯am Mans.u¯rb.Muh. ammad II, Niza¯r¯ı al-sab
a), of theFat¯.imid caliph envoy, 394 al-Mu
izz, 165 Sayf al-Mulk b.
Amrun,¯ lord of Severus, bishop of Ashmuna¯ yn, 177 Kahf, 349, 350 Seville(Ishb¯ıliya), 159 Sayf¯ıDars(Jam¯ i
a Sayfiyya), Su¯rat, 286, al-Shaban¯ ka¯ra¯ı,Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ı, 287, 290, 292, 293, 294 historian, 307 Sayf¯ı Masjid, Da¯u¯d¯ı mosque, Shabistar, in A¯ dharbayjan,¯ 419 Bombay, 290 Sha¯dh¯ı al-Kha¯dim, 349 Sayr va sul¯uk,of Nas.¯ır al-D¯ınal-T. us¯ ¯ı, 379 Shafi¯
¯ıSunnism, 172, 252, 376, 426, 430, Sayyid,Ayman F., 239 456

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760 Index

Shafu¯rqan,¯ nearBalkh, 392 Shahr-iBa¯bak, in Kirman,¯ 423, 459–462 Sha¯h
A¯ lam II, Mughal emperor, 286 passim, 468, 473, 494 Sha¯hB¯ıb¯ı, daughter ofSha¯hKhal¯ıl Alla¯h Shahriya¯rku¯h, inMa¯zandaran,¯ 314 (III), 464 Shahrnus¯ hb.Haza¯rasfb.Nama¯war, Sha¯h Ghar¯ıb,Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Ghar¯ıb Ba¯dus¯ pan¯ id, 345 M¯ırza¯ Sha¯hru¯driver, in Daylam, 153, 317, 324 Sha¯h Gha¯z¯ıRustam I b.
Ala¯ al-Dawla Sha¯hrukh,Afsha¯rid, 459
Al¯ı, Ba¯wandid, 344–345, 357 Sha¯hrukh,T¯ımu¯rid, 308, 422, 425, 427, Sha¯h Gha¯z¯ıRustam II, Shams al-Mulu¯k, 428, 429 Ba¯wandid, 374 Shahza¯da Begum, daughter of Jang¯ıSha¯h, Sha¯h Ja
far, brother ofSha¯h T. a¯hir first wifeof Aga Khan III, 481 Dakkan¯ı, 454 Sham,¯ see Syria Sha¯h Jahan,¯ Mughal emperor, 283 Shamir b. Dhi’l-Jawshan, 53 Sha¯hKar¯ımal-H. usayn¯ı, see Aga Khan IV Sham¯ıran,¯ castle, inT. a¯rum, 153–154, 205, Sha¯hKhal¯ıl Alla¯h, son of Ni
mat Alla¯h 415 Wal¯ı, see Khal¯ıl Alla¯h Shams al-D¯ın, A¯ qa,¯ son of Jang¯ıSha¯h, 480 Sha¯hKhal¯ıl Alla¯h II, Niza¯r¯ıimam, 425, Shams al-D¯ın, grandson of Ni
mat Alla¯h 439, 456 Wal¯ıKirman¯ ¯ı, 429 Sha¯hKhal¯ıl Alla¯h III, Niza¯r¯ıimam, 27, Shams al-D¯ın, Niza¯r¯ı muh. tasham in 462–463, 472 Quhistan,¯ 383–384, 388 Sha¯h Ni
mat Alla¯h Wal¯ı, see Ni
mat Alla¯h Shams al-D¯ın, p¯ır, 385, 442–443, 450 Wal¯ıKirman¯ ¯ı Shams al-D¯ın, q¯ad.¯ı ofQazw¯ın, 388 Sha¯h Niza¯r II, Niza¯r¯ıimam, 439, Shams al-D¯ın
Al¯ı,
Alaw¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 282 456–458 Shams al-D¯ın
Al¯ı,Mihraban¯ id, 411–412 Sha¯hQalandar,Niza¯r¯ıimam, see Shams al-D¯ın b. Najmal-D¯ınIsma¯
¯ıl, Mustans.ir bi’lla¯h II Niza¯r¯ı d¯a
¯ı in Syria, 400, 401 Sha¯hRad.¯ı al-D¯ın, Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Shams al-D¯ınG¯ılak¯ı,Niza¯r¯ı vizier to Rukn Niza¯r¯ıleader, see Rad.¯ı al-D¯ınII al-D¯ın Khursha¯h, 394 Sha¯hSayyid Nas¯.ir, see Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw Shams al-D¯ınMuh. ammad,Niza¯r¯ıimam, Sha¯hShuja¯
al-Mulk, Durran¯ ¯ıruler of 385, 411–412, 413–414, 418, 419 Afghanistan, 470 Shams al-D¯ınMuh. ammad I, Kart ruler of Sha¯h T. a¯hir Dakkan¯ı (Sha¯h T. a¯hir b. Rad.¯ı Harat,¯ 393, 411 al-D¯ınIIal-H. usayn¯ıDakkan¯ı), Shams al-D¯ınMuh. ammadb.Yah. ya¯ La¯h¯ıj¯ı, Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıimam, see La¯h¯ıj¯ı, Shams al-D¯ınMuh. ammad 413, 414, 419, 435, 451–455 passim Shams al-D¯ınMuh. ammad Tabr¯ız¯ı, Sha¯h Taq¯ı,village, innorthern spiritual guideof Jala¯l al-D¯ın Khuras¯ an,¯ 494 Rum¯ ¯ı, 385, 413, 442 Shahansha¯h, fortress, near Nih, 384 Shams al-Mulu¯k, Qa¯ja¯rprincess, mother Shahansha¯hb.
Ala¯ al-D¯ınMuh. ammad of Aga Khan III, 480 III, 393–394 Shams-iD¯ınN¯ımru¯z
Al¯ı, see Shams Sha¯hdiz, fortress, in Qum¯ is, 391 al-D¯ın
Al¯ı,Mihraban¯ id Sha¯hdiz (Dizku¯h), fortress, near Shams-i Tabr¯ız, see Shams al-D¯ın Is.fahan,¯ 330, 336–337 Muh. ammad Tabr¯ız¯ı Sha¯hj¯ı M¯ıran¯ Sha¯h,Imam-¯ Sha¯h¯ı Shams¯ıs, Niza¯r¯ı communityin leader, 446–447 Panja¯b, 442–443 al-Shahrastan¯ ¯ı,Muh. ammadb.
Abd Sham
un¯ al-S.afa¯ (Simon Peter), 132 al-Kar¯ım, heresiographer and Sharaf,T. a¯haA¯ ., 151 Ash
ar¯ı theologian, 59, 90, 118, 304, Sharaf al-D¯ınal-H. usayn b. Ah. mad 340–342, 379, 380 al-Makram¯ı, Sulayman¯ ¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 297

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Index 761

Sharaf al-D¯ınMuh. ammad, son of ra¯ıs forSufis, 366, 388, 427, 428–430 passim Muz.affar, commandant of Niza¯r¯ıimams as, 418–420, 431 Girdku¯h, 321 Shaykh A¯ dam S.af¯ı al-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 282 Sharaf al-Ma
a¯l¯ı, son of al-Afd. al, 244 Shaykh al-Jabal, see Old Man of the Sharaf al-Mulk,vizier to Jala¯l al-D¯ın Mountain Khwa¯razmsha¯h, 386–387 Shaykh J¯ıwanj¯ı Awranga¯ba¯d¯ı, ancestor of Sharh. al-akhb¯ar,of al-Qa¯d.¯ı some Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ıs, 287 al-Nu
man,¯ 119, 222 Shaykh al-T. a¯ifa, see al-T. us¯ ¯ı,AbuJa¯
far Sharh. al-mas¯ail,of H. usam¯ al-D¯ınal-H. ajj Muh. ammad Ghulam¯ H. usayn, 297 al-Shaykh al-Yun¯ an¯ ¯ı, see Plotinus Sharh. -i gulshan-i r¯az,ofSha¯h T. a¯hir al-Shayya¯l,Jama¯l al-D¯ın, 32 Dakkan¯ı, 419 Shayzar, castle, incentralSyria, 335, 350 shar¯ı
a (religious law), 10 Sheil, Justin, British ministerin in pre-Fat¯.imid Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıdoctrine, Tehran, 472 97–98, 131–132 Shem, see Sam¯ inFat¯.imid writings, 167, 209, 222 Sh¯ı
a, see Sh¯ı
¯ıs, Sh¯ı
ism inIranian school of philosophical Shi
a¯f (orSha
a¯f), inH. ara¯z, 265 Isma¯
¯ılism, 226–227 Sh¯ı
at
Al¯ı, see Sh¯ı
¯ıs, Sh¯ı
ism inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine, 364, 433, 441–442 Sh¯ı
at al-Mahd¯ı, 53 shar¯ı
a,sacredlaw of Islam, 40, 83, 126, Sh¯ı
at Mu
awiya¯ , 46 164, 287, 288, 420, 422 Sh¯ı
at
Uthm¯an, 46 not observedbyghul¯at, 66 Shibam,¯ mountainandfortress, in understoodperfectly by imam, 83 H. ara¯z, 259, 266, 268 in pre-Fat¯.imid Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıdoctrine, 98, shifting identities, 450–451 129, 130–131 Shiha¯b al-D¯ın, Niza¯r¯ı muh. tasham in in Druze doctrine, 188–189 Quhistan,¯ 383, 388 inIsma¯
¯ıl¯ı system oflaw, 214 Shiha¯b al-D¯ın, p¯ır, 443 inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine of theAlamut¯ Shiha¯b al-D¯ın b. al-
Ajam¯ı, Zangid period, 336, 358–362, 366, 375, 378, vizier, 370 380–381, 382–389, 410 Shiha¯b al-D¯ın b. H. arb,Nas.rid am¯ır of in Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ı teaching, 441 S¯ıstan,¯ 384 al-Shar¯ıf al-Murtad. a,¯
Alam al-Huda,¯ Shiha¯b al-D¯ınMah. mu¯db.Takash, Imam¯ ¯ı theologian, 185 governor of H. ama,¯ 370 al-Shar¯ıf al-Rad.¯ı,Imam¯ ¯ı theologian, Shiha¯b al-D¯ınMuh. ammad,Ghu¯rid, 374 185 Shiha¯b al-D¯ın Sha¯h al-H. usayn¯ı, p¯ır,son Shar¯ık b. Shaykh al-Mahr¯ı (al-Mahd¯ı), of Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ II, Niza¯r¯ı author, 407, leader ofSh¯ı
¯ırevolt, 79 480 al-Shaw¯ahidwa’l-bay¯an,of Ja
farb. Sh¯ı
¯ıs, Sh¯ı
ism, 1, 2, 7, 34–35, 204 Mans.u¯r al-Yaman, 165 origins of (in Sh¯ı
¯ı view), 36–38, 39–40, Sha¯war,Fat¯.imid vizier, 251–252, 253 41 al-Sha¯wir¯ı,
Abd Alla¯hb.
Abbas,¯ Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı early development, 41–60 d¯a
¯ı in Yaman, 166, 198 Arab,unifiedphase, 46–51 Sha¯yasta Khan,¯ Mughal governor of revoltof al-Mukhta¯r, 52–56 Gujarat,¯ 283 period offragmentation (al-Mukhta¯r shaykh (plural, mash¯ayikh), 19, 59, 60, 72, to
Abbas¯ id revolution), 57–71; 122, 145, 405, 432 radicalbranch, 59–67, 69–70, 75–78; in Druze community, 190 moderate branch, 57, 67–69, 71–80 forDa¯u¯d¯ıs, 287, 292 passim; Zaydiyya, 72–74 forSulayman¯ ¯ıs, 298 repressedby
Abbas¯ ids, 78–81

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762 Index

Sh¯ı
¯ıs, Sh¯ı
ism (cont.) elitism among, 70 during imamate of Ja
far al-S.a¯diq, see also imamate; Imam¯ ¯ıs; Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs; 71–80 passim;in pre-Fat¯.imid North Nus.ayr¯ıs;Qa¯rmat.¯ıs; Twelvers; Zayd¯ıs Africa, 126 Sh¯ırans¯ ha¯hb.
Ala¯ al-D¯ınMuh. ammad (Fat¯.imid)caliphate established, III, 394 127–128, 137 Sh¯ıra¯z, inFa¯rs, 203, 422, 427, 461, 462, in Egypt, 158 465, 477 of
Ira¯q, attracted to Fat¯.imid Sh¯ırg¯ır,Anus¯ htag¯ın, Salju¯q Isma¯
¯ılism, 184–185 am¯ır, 337–338, 342, 345 inIfr¯ıqiya, persecutedbySunn¯ıs, 183, Sh¯ırku¯h,Asad al-D¯ın, Zangid general and 201 Fat¯.imid vizier, 251–252 suppressedinGujarat,¯ 277 Sh¯ırku¯h, fortress, near Alamut,¯ 392 persecutedbyAwrangz¯ıb, 283–284, 456 Sh¯ırwan¯ ¯ı,Zaynal-
A¯ bid¯ın, Mast
Al¯ı as state religion ofS.afawid Persia, Sha¯h,Ni
mat Alla¯h¯ıSufi master, 463, 425–426, 430–431, 435;radicals 465–468 persecutedbyS.afawids, 435–437 Sh¯ıth (Seth), 132 adoptedbyYusu¯ f
A¯ dil Sha¯h and Shughnan,¯ in Badakhshan, 29, 95, 408, BurhanIN¯ iz.am¯ Sha¯h, 453–454 452, 502 Sufism and, 420–421, 425–426, 427 Shuja¯
al-Salt.ana, pretender to the Qa¯ja¯r anddissident Niza¯r¯ıKhojas inAga throne, 464 Khan Case, 475–476 Shumayt.iyya, subgroup of Imam¯ iyya, 88 conception ofreligious authority, 35, sh¯ur¯a (consultative council), 37, 41 39–40 Shurat,¯ early Kha¯rij¯ıs, 46 devotion to
Al¯ı, 46–47, 425, 427 al-Shus¯ htar¯ı,Nu¯r Alla¯h, Qa¯d.¯ı,Twelver hereditary sanctity of the Prophet’s scholar andjurist, 168, 281 family, 37, 39–41, 57–58 Sibt. Ibnal-Jawz¯ı, historian, 309 definition of ahl al-bayt, 37–38, 40–41, Sicily (S.iqilliyya), 138, 143–144, 162, 202, 57–58, 81, 82–83 390 significance of Fat¯.imid ancestry for, Siddhara¯jaJayasingha, Ra¯jput¯ Hindu king 82–83 of Gujarat,¯ 276, 385 tradition of h. ad¯ıth, 69–80 Sidhpu¯r, inGujarat,¯ 269, 277, 279, 291 significance of nas..s imamate, 81–82 Sidih,village, in southern and taqiyya, 68, 82, 83 Khuras¯ an,¯ 490–491 imam’s role in, 39–40, 83, 364–365 Sidon (S.ayda),¯ 244, 313, 369 use of theterm h. ujja, 83, 117–118 S.idq
Al¯ıSha¯h, see Muh. ammadS.a¯diq martyrology, 49, 50 Mah. allat¯ ¯ı eschatology, 59–60 S.iff¯ın, battleof, 43, 45–46, 47, 49 doctrine of ta
l¯ım, 40, 82, 313, 340–342 sijill, 140, 245, 247 system oflaw, 68–69, 80, 170–171 Sijilmasa,¯ 125–126, 127, 128, 142, 156, 157 ceremonies under Fat¯.imids, 177–178 Sijistan,¯ see S¯ıstan¯ mawl¯a Sh¯ı
ism, 58, 79 al-Sijistan¯ ¯ı,AbuYa¯
qu¯b Ish. a¯qb.Ah. mad, contribution of ghul¯at to, 63, 66 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı and author, 112, 113, and Mu
tazil¯ıs, 73 138, 154–155, 166 popular motifs in Syrian Niza¯r¯ı provides evidence ofpre-Fat¯.imid doctrine of qiy¯ama, 371–372 cosmology, 133–135 maw¯al¯ı: their effect on Sh¯ı
ism, 55–56, as member of Iranian school of 76;desertedrevolutionary Sh¯ı
ism, philosophical Isma¯
¯ılism, 225–228 78 passim, 229, 230–231, 233

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Index 763

sijj¯ın, 275 S¯ıstan¯ (Arabic, Sijistan¯ ; also called al-Sijz¯ı, see al-Sijistan¯ ¯ı N¯ımru¯z), in eastern Persia, 113, 153, silsila,chainof spiritual masters in 353, 383–384, 452 Sufism, 426 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa to, 113 Silvestre de Sacy, Antoine Isaac, supported Fat¯.imid cause, 166 orientalist, 22–24, 25, 26, relations with Niza¯r¯ısofQuhistan,¯ 319, 27 345, 374, 383–384, 411 al-Sim
an¯ ¯ı, see Assemani Sitt al-Mulk,sister of Fat¯.imid caliph Simla, inIndia, 482 al-H. a¯kim, 191–192 Simnan,¯ in Persia, 394 Siya¯hchashm, see Mahd¯ıb.Khusraw F¯ıru¯z Simon Peter, see Sham
un¯ al-S.afa¯ Siy¯asat-n¯ama,of Niz.am¯ al-Mulk, 9, 209 al-S.¯ın, see China slaves’revolt, see Zanj Sinan¯ b. Salman¯ (orSulayman)¯ b. Slavs (S.aqa¯liba), 156, 217 Muh. ammad Abu’l-H. asan al-Bas.r¯ı, Societ´ eAs´ iatique, Paris, 23, 27, 28 Niza¯r¯ıleaderin Syria, see Ras¯ hid socio-economicconditions, 486, 493, 500, al-D¯ın Sinan¯ 502 Sinan¯ b. Sulayman,¯ Kalbid, 192 for early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı, 114–115 Sind,nowin Pakistan, 104, 279, 298, 442, leading to early support forSh¯ı
ism, 445, 463 54–57 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa to, 99, 110, 116, 164, under
Abbas¯ ids, 78–79, 114–115 220, 266 in Qarmat.¯ı state ofBah. rayn, 110–111 Fat¯.imid suzerainty acknowledgedin, see also maw¯al¯ı 166–167 soteriology jaz¯ıra of, 218, 298 in doctrine of early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 135 and Mah. mu¯d of Ghazna, 200 inIranian school of philosophical Niza¯r¯ıs in, 385–386, 409, 410, 449; Isma¯
¯ılism, 231–232, 234 Qas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ıs, 436, 442–451 passim in doctrine of T. ayyib¯ıs, 271, 273–275 457; Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I in, 470–472; Ag¯ ha¯ see also eschatology; qiy¯ama Khan¯ II visited, soul, see nafs British conquest of, 470–472 South Asia, 3, 4, 7, 30, 290, 298, 299, see also Pakistan 300, 403, 408, 442–451, 484, 494, Sindh¯ı (language), 432, 444, 445, 457 497 .sinf (guild), see guilds see also India; Pakistan; Sind; etc. Singapore, 501 Southern, Richard W., 11 S.inha¯ja, see S.anha¯ja Soviet Central Asia, 408, 455, 495, 502 Sinja¯r, 196 see also Central Asia; Transoxania Sinkiang (Xinjiang), region, inChina, 496 Spain, 157, 159 S.iqilliyya, see Sicily see also al-Andalus S¯ıra,of Jawdhar, 6, 172 Sri Lanka (Ceylon), 291 S¯ıra,of al-Muayyad fi’l-D¯ınal-Sh¯ıra¯z¯ı, 6, see also Sarand¯ıb 203 Stern, Samuel Miklos, 32, 106, 133, S¯ıra¯f, portonPersian Gulf, 148 235 Sira¯j al-D¯ınMuz.affarb.al-H. usayn, Niza¯r¯ı Stroeva, LyudmilaV., 31, 310 chief d¯a
¯ı in Syria, 389 Strothmann, Rudolf, 31 Sira¯j al-D¯ınNajm b. Ja
far,Fat¯.imid chief S. ubh. al-a
sh¯a,of al-Qalqashand¯ı, 6, d¯a
¯ı and chief q¯ad.¯ı, 253 140 S¯ırjan,¯ in Kirman,¯ 457, 459, 460, 461, 462, Su¯dan¯ ¯ıs, 193–194 468, 469, 494 al-S.ufat¯ (the Pure), 372

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764 Index

Sufis, Sufism, 148, 426–431, 449, 501 Sult.an¯
Al¯ı, S.afawid shaykh, 430 role inspreading Sh¯ı
ism in Persia, Sult.an¯ Khwa¯razmsha¯h, see
Ala¯ al-D¯ın 420–421, 426–427 Muh. ammad suppressedbyS.afawids, 435, 437 Sult.an¯ Muh. ammadSha¯h,AgaKhan III, analogies with Niza¯r¯ı teaching, 361, see Aga Khan III 366, 382 Sult.an¯ a¯ba¯d, see Ara¯k Niza¯r¯ı association with, 388, 404, 406, Sult.an¯ iyya, innorthwestern Persia, 416, 407, 418–420, 425, 431–433, 444, 417, 451, 453 456–457, 461–462, 465, 477, 504; Sultans ofDelhi, 277 Niza¯r¯ıimams disguised as Sufi p¯ırs, see further Khalj¯ıdynasty; Mu
izz¯ı 412, 418, 419, 431–432, 435, 437 dynasty; Tughluqid dynasty and TwelverSh¯ı
ism, 420–421 Sum¯ ras, ofSind, 167, 443 andSatpanth, 444 sunna, 37, 48, 68, 170–171 Sha¯h T. a¯hir as, 454 Sunn¯ıs, Sunnism, 2, 34–35, 340–341 in poetry of Niza¯r¯ıQuhistan¯ ¯ı, 412–413 originof name, 48 S.ufriyya, subgroup ofKha¯rij¯ıs, 145 hostility to the ghul¯at, 63, 66 Suhra¯bKhan,¯ Qa¯ja¯r commander, 465 respect for Ja
far al-S.a¯diq, 80–81 Suhrawardiyya, Sufi order, 444 and Zayd¯ıs, 74 Sukayn, Druze leader, 188–189
Abbas¯ id support for, 78–79 Sukman,¯ Artuqid ruler ofPalestine, 243 view of chief offence ofSh¯ı
¯ıs, 66 S.ulayh. ids, of Yaman, 3, 138, 198–201, 203, failuretoabsorb Sh¯ı
ism, 82 210, 243, 255–258, 262–263, 264, 277 system of fiqh, 170 historiography, 239–241 anti-Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı accounts, 7–10, 99 supported T. ayyib¯ıs, 238, 246, 262–263 failed to distinguish early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı Sulaym, Banu,¯ 201 groups, 152 Sulayman,¯ son of theFat¯.imid caliph andhistory of Fat¯.imids, 139–140 al-H. afi¯ z., 248–249 on Niza¯r¯ıdeclaration of the qiy¯ama, Sulayman¯ b.
Abd al-Malik,Umayyad 362, 367 caliph, 61, 62, 71 persecutedSh¯ı
¯ıs inIfr¯ıqiya, 182–183, Sulayman¯ b. Da¯u¯db.al-
A¯ d. id, Badr 201 al-D¯ın, H. afi¯ z.¯ıimam, 254 persecuted Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıBohras inIndia, Sulayman¯ b. H. asan, Sulayman¯ ¯ı 283–285, 286 d¯a
¯ı, 281–282, 295, 296 massacres of Niza¯r¯ıs, 329, 374 Sulayman¯ b. al-H. asan b. Abi’l-H. ifa¯z., 264 Jala¯l al-D¯ınH. asan III’s rapprochement Sulayman¯ b. H. aydar, Shaykh,Niza¯r¯ı with, 375–377, 389 leader at Mas.ya¯f, 489 Niza¯r¯ı alliances with, 375–376, 404, 504 Sulayman¯ b. Ja
farb.Fala¯h. , 179 andSufism, 425–426, 427, 428 Sulayman¯ b. Kath¯ır, 76, 79 ‘Sh¯ı
itization’ of, 426, 429–430 Sulayman¯ b. S.urad al-Khuza¯
¯ı, 49, 51 opposed Fat¯.imids inNorth Africa, 141 Sulayman¯ ¯ıs, Sulayman¯ iyya, branch of in Kha¯rij¯ıBerberrevolt, 145–146 T. ayyib¯ıs, 30, 241, 276, 281–282, in Egypt, 159–161, 177, 181, 192, 295–300 252–253, 261 fiqh, 169, 280, 294–295 in S.afawid Persia, 435–436 da
wa organization, 298–299 ofSyria, 331–332 schism withDa¯u¯d¯ıs, 3, 239, 280–282, institute at Fust.at¯., 181 298–299 championedbySalju¯qs, 195–196 Sulaymans¯ ha¯h, Salju¯q sultan, 338 Zuray
id territories reverted to, 257 Sullam al-naj¯at,of AbuYa¯
qu¯b Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıBohras converted to, 277–279, al-Sijistan¯ ¯ı, 231–232 283, 285, 290, 299

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Index 765

Khojas as, 474–476, 484, 488 331–334;Damascus period Imam-¯ Sha¯h¯ıs as, 446–447 (507–523/1113–1129), 347–349; Momnas¯ as, 448 JabalBahra¯ period and Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 205, 206–207 (524–545/1130–1151), 349–352; see also Ahl al-Sunna wa’l-Jam¯a
a; underRas¯ hid al-D¯ın Sinan¯ Jam¯a
a (557–589/1162–1193), 367–373; Sunqur, holder of Mas.ya¯f, 350 post-qiy¯ama (589–654/1193–1256), S.u¯r, see Tyre 376, 389–391, 397, 398–399; under al-s. ¯ura al-n¯ur¯aniyya, 273 BaybarsI,399–402; under Mamlu¯ks, Su¯rat, inGujarat,¯ 33, 241, 286, 287, 291, 401–402, 489; under Ottomans, 408, 292, 294, 442, 472, 485 489; modern period, 488-490, 501 al-S.u¯r¯ı,Muh. ammadb.
Al¯ı,Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı subgroup, 408, and authorin Syria, 208 413–414, 451, 455–456 Suru¯r,Muh. ammad J., 32 see also Crusaders: and Niza¯r¯ıs; Susa,¯ inNorth Africa, 147 Nus.ayr¯ıs: rivalry with Niza¯r¯ıs Switzerland, 482–483, 496 Syriac (-Aramaic) language, 184, 223, 233 symbolic exegesis, see taw¯ıl Syria, 3, 4, 12, 22, 45, 204, 313, 430 al-T. abar¯ı,AbuJa¯
far Muh. ammadb.Jar¯ır, histories of, 309–310 historian, 6, 99, 103, 107, 109, 147 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı libraries, 30, 32 T. abaristan¯ (Ma¯zandaran),¯ innorthern versus
Ira¯q, 44, 46, 77–78 Persia, 152, 344, 367, 415, 417, 420 opposed
Al¯ı, 44–46 early Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa to, 102, 112 as Umayyadrulecollapsed, 75 Nas¯.ir-iKhusrawin, 206 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa in, 5, 99, 221 Zayd¯ıs in, 313–314 Qarmat.¯ırevolts of, 289–294/902–907, controlledbySanjar, 338 122–123 Niza¯r¯ı da
wa to, 314, 342, 346 under T. u¯lun¯ ids, 123–124 against Niza¯r¯ısofRu¯dba¯r, 337, 357, 374 disputedbyFat¯.imidsandQarmat.¯ıs, in Mongolinvasions, 394 161–162, 166–167 T¯ımu¯rin, 418 under Fat¯.imids, 103, 139, 161, S.afawid conquest of, 417 173–176, 182–183, 192, 195 T. abas, in Quhistan,¯ 17, 319, 329 under Mirdas¯ ids, 183 Tabr¯ız, in A¯ dharbayjan,¯ 356, 412, 416, under Zangids, 250–251 419, 430, 431 under Ayyu¯bids, 253 Tabu¯k, battleof, 41 Crusaders in, 11, 18, 244, 331, 350–352, Tafi¯ la¯lt, inNorth Africa, 125 368 tafs¯ır (Quran¯ commentary), 130, 222, 340 underSalju¯qs, 331 Taft, near Yazd, 429 in Mongolinvasions, 398–399 .tah¯ara (ritualpurity), 169 under Mamlu¯ks, 399–401 Ta¯hart, in westernAlgeria, 127, 142, 156, inNiza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism, 245, 157 324–325 T. a¯hir b. Rad.¯ı al-D¯ın, Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı home ofDruze movement, 188 Niza¯r¯ıimam, 451 inH. afi¯ z.¯ı–T. ayyib¯ı schism, 248 T. a¯hir Sayf al-D¯ın, Sayyidna,¯ Da¯u¯d¯ı T. ayyib¯ısof, 236, 261 d¯a
¯ı, 289–290 H. afi¯ z.¯ısof, 254–255 T. a¯hirids, of southern Yaman, 267, 268 Niza¯r¯ısof, 11–19 passim, 28, 254, 301, T. ahmas¯ p I, S.afawid sha¯h, 422, 435–436, 304, 309, 403;literature, 406; 454, 455 preserved Fat¯.imid traditions, 302, al-T. a¯¯ı,
Al¯ıb.Ah. mad, see al-Muqtana¯ 408; Aleppo period (to 507/1113), T. a¯if, in Saudi Arabia, 297

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766 Index

Ta
izz, in Yaman, 257 taqiyya (precautionary dissimulation), 4, Ta¯j al-D¯ın, Mihraban¯ id, 412 5, 68, 74, 82, 83, 87, 101, 118–119, Ta¯j al-D¯ın, p¯ır, 445–446, 447 129, 137, 167, 170, 277, 279, 280, Ta¯j al-D¯ınAbu’l-Futu¯h. b. Muh. ammad, 283, 376, 379–380, 382, 396, 404, Niza¯r¯ı chief d¯a
¯ı in Syria, 389, 390 410, 412, 419, 425, 435, 441, 444, Ta¯j al-D¯ın Amu¯ l¯ı,Zayd¯ı sayyid, 416 448, 449–450, 453–454, 492 Ta¯j al-D¯ınMardans¯ ha¯h, q¯ad.¯ı,governor of taql¯ıd (emulation), 171 Girdku¯h, 394 T. arablus, see Tripoli, in Syria Tajikistan, 29, 207, 408, 494–495, 502, T. ar¯aiq al-h. aq¯aiq,of Ma
s.um¯
Al¯ıSha¯h, 503 Muh. ammad Ma
s.um¯ Sh¯ıra¯z¯ı, 477 Tajr¯ıdal-
aq¯aid,of Nas.¯ır al-D¯ın Tar¯ıkh al-rusul wa’l-mul¯uk,of al-T. us¯ ¯ı, 379–380 al-T. abar¯ı, 99 Takr¯ıt, in
Ira¯q, 321, 324, 335 Tar¯ıkh al-Yaman,of
Uma¯ra b.
Al¯ı T. ala¯i
b. Ruzz¯ık,Fat¯.imid vizier, 250–251, al-H. akam¯ı al-Yaman¯ı, 239–240, 255 253 Tar¯ıkh-i alf¯ı, 436 T. alh. a b.
Ubayd Alla¯h, 41, 44 Tar¯ıkh-i Firishta,of Firishta, 452 al-t¯al¯ı (the follower), 134, 190, 229, Tar¯ıkh-i guzida,of H. amd Alla¯h 230 Mustawf¯ı, 307 T. a¯libids, branch of Has¯ himids, 57, 73 Tar¯ıkh-i jah¯an-gush¯a,of Juwayn¯ı, 305 ta
l¯ım, 339, 500 Tar¯ıkh-i T. abarist¯an,of IbnIsfandiya¯r, in Sh¯ı
¯ı thought, 40, 82–84 308 in teaching of H. asan-iS.abba¯h. , 313, .tar¯ıqa, 420, 423, 426, 427, 428–429, 431, 339–342, 366 433, 444, 461–462, 465, 477, 501 Ta
l¯ımiyya, 24, 342 T. arm, see T. a¯rum T. a¯liqan,¯ in Daylam, 319, 324, 345, 394 Ta¯rmal,minister to Ra¯jput¯ king of T. a¯liqan,¯ in Khuras¯ an,¯ 111, 383 Gujarat,¯ 276 Tam¯ım b. al-Mu
izz, poet, son of the Tartars, see Mongolia, Mongols Fat¯.imid caliph al-Mu
izz, 172–173 T. a¯rum, in Persia, 153, 154, 384, 391, 397, Tam¯ım b. al-Mu
izz,Z¯ırid, 201, 202 415 Tam¯ ir,
A¯ rif, 32 T. arz, in Khuras¯ an,¯ 345 T. amu¯rt.ughan,¯ Salju¯q am¯ır, 345 tas.awwuf, see Sufis tan¯asukh (metempsychosis), tashb¯ıh (anthropomorphism), 61, 64, 228 in doctrine of
Abd Alla¯hb.al-H. arb, 62 Tashkent, inUzbekistan, 29 in doctrines of the ghul¯at, 65 Tashkorghan, in Sinkiang (Xinjiang) in Druze doctrine, 190 region of China, 494 in Syrian Niza¯r¯ıdoctrine, 372 ta
.t¯ıl, 228 rejectedbyT. ayyib¯ıs, 273 tawh.¯ıd, 188, 189, 228, 233, 270 inNuqt.aw¯ıdoctrine, 422 taw¯ıl (esoteric interpretation), Tancred, prince of Antioch, 333–334 in doctrine of al-Mugh¯ıra, 70 TandoMuh. ammadKhan,¯ in Sind, 448 in Sh¯ı
¯ı thought, 83–84 Tanga, in East Africa, 291, 486 in doctrine of early Khat.t.a¯b¯ıs, 86 Tanganyika, in East Africa, 291, 487 inearly Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıdoctrine, 129–130 see also Tanzania in Druze religion, 188–189 Tangier, 156 inFat¯.imid doctrine, 166, 169, 208, 213, Tantrism, 449 221, 228, 232 Tanzania, 291, 484, 497–498, 501 inNiza¯r¯ıdoctrine of qiy¯ama, 358, 360, see also Tanganyika; Zanzibar 364, 366, 411 tanz¯ıl, 130 in Sufi doctrine, 419 Taormina, in Sicily, 145 for H. urufi¯ yya, 421

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Index 767

Taw¯ıl al-da
¯aim,of al-Qa¯d.¯ı Templars, see Knights Templar al-Nu
man,¯ 215 temporary marriage, see mut
a Taw¯ıl al-zak¯at,of Ja
farb.Mans.u¯r Terken Khat¯ un,¯ Maliksha¯h’s wife, 319, 320 al-Yaman, 165 .th¯akur (.th¯akkar), 443 Tawwa¯bun¯ (the Penitents), 51, 52 Thanapipli, near Jun¯ aga¯ rh, 448 taxation, 108, 141, 185, 317, 330, al-th¯an¯ı (the second), 229 400 Thatta, in Sind, 167, 443 see also jizya; khar¯aj Theology,of Aristotle, see Uth¯ul¯ujiy¯a Tayir-Buqa, Mongol general, 396 Thietmar,M.,German traveller, 14 T. ayy tribesmen, 192 Thima¯lb.Mirdas,¯ 195, 204 al-T. ayyib,sonof theFat¯.imid caliph Third World, 497, 503 al-Am¯ ir, Musta
l¯ı-T. ayyib¯ı ‘three schoolfellows’, legend of, 312 imam, 105, 238–239, 246, 247, 256, Tifl¯ıs, 356 261–262, 264, 274, 275 Tigris river, 321 T. ayyib D. iya¯al-D¯ın b. Nu¯r al-D¯ınYusu¯ f, Tihama,¯ in Yaman, 198, 199
Alaw¯ıBohra d¯a
¯ı, 282 T¯ımjan,¯ in Daylam, 416 T. ayyib Zaynal-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 287 T¯ımu¯r (Temu¨r), founder of theT¯ımu¯rid TayyibhaiRazzak,Malik Shahanshah, dynasty, 308, 415, 416, 418, 421, 422, leader of Arta¯liswa¯las,¯ 289 425, 426, 428, 451, 452 T. ayyib¯ıBohras, see India: T. ayyib¯ısof T¯ımu¯rids, ofPersiaand Transoxania, 308, T. ayyib¯ıs, T. ayyibiyya, branch of 415, 425, 427, 429, 431, 452 Musta
lians, 1, 3, 94, 201, 246, 287, Tinn¯ıs, in Egypt, 244 385 tolerance, racial andreligious, 137, 176, historiography, 239–241, 261 177, 212, 236 preserved Fat¯.imid literature, 172, 207, Toluy, son of Chingiz Khan, 383 236, 265 Toronto, 497, 504 doctrine, 269–275 Tortosa (T. art.us),¯ 389 system oflaw, 169 trade, 138, 176, 181, 201, 285, 290, 291 epistle announcing birth of al-T. ayyib, Transcaucasia, 154, 356 246, 261 transmigration of souls, see tan¯asukh tradition concerning fate of al-T. ayyib, Transoxania(Ma¯ wara¯ al-nahr), 29, 54, 261–262 218, 224, 334, 415 tradition concerning early d¯a
¯ıs, laterKaysan¯ ¯ı sects of, 63 263–264 and Umm al-kit¯ab, 95 da
wa organization, 219, 275–276 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa to, 99, 111, 116, 122, 203 schism with H. afi¯ z.iyya, 246–248, 259, al-Nasaf¯ı’smission to, 113 260, 264, 277, 325 following of Ah. madb.al-Kayya¯l, Da¯u¯d¯ı–Sulayman¯ ¯ı–
Alaw¯ı schism, 239, 112–113 280–282, 295–296, 299–300 Fat¯.imid da
wa to, 202, 209, 325 Ja
far¯ı secession, 278–279 followeddissident Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 154, of named areas see under Egypt; India; 121–122 Syria; Yaman originofSalju¯qs, 195 see also Musta
lians; Da¯u¯d¯ıs; conqueredbyMongols, 382 Sulayman¯ ¯ıs;
Alaw¯ıs(
Alawiyya) Ni
mat Alla¯h Wal¯ıin, 428 ta
ziya (popularreligious play), 50 Niza¯r¯ısof, 407, 451–452, 455, 456, Ta¯zrut,¯ inNorth Africa, 126 494–495, 502;literatureand Tegu¨der, Mongol general, 394 historiography, 406, 407–408, Tehran, 31, 111, 427, 460, 463, 464, 465, 494–495 466, 469, 470, 472, 473, 493, 494 see also Badakhshan; Central Asia

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768 Index

Tripoli, inNorth Africa, 125, 162, 169, 183 definition of ahl al-bayt, 57–58, 82–83 Tripoli (T. arablus), in Syria, 22, 179, 244, use of theterm h. ujja, 117–118 331, 350, 352, 369, 402 Mahd¯ı concept, 60 Tu¨bingen University Library, 32 and taqiyya, 68, 82, 129, 404 T. ubna, inNorth Africa, 127, 147 and the ghul¯at, 63, 67 Tughluqid dynasty,of India, 277 supportedimamate of Mus¯ aa¯ l-Ka¯z.im, T. ughril I, Salju¯q sultan, 195–197, 205 89 T. ughril II, Salju¯q sultan, 338, 346 hostiletoIsma¯
¯ıl b. Ja
far, 89, 91 T. ughril III, Salju¯q sultan, 373 hostiletoMuh. ammadb.Isma¯
¯ıl, 96 T. ughtig¯ın, founder of the Bu¯rid (Bo¨rid) practices developed underBu¯yids, 178 dynasty ofDamascus and southern system oflaw, 80, 170–171, 172 Syria, 334, 347–348 persecuted under
Abbas¯ ids, 78–79 Tuh. fat al-qul¯ub,of H. at¯ im b. Ibra¯h¯ım proclaimed as state religion inFat¯.imid al-H. am¯ id¯ı, 275 Egypt, 247, 262 Tukha¯ristan,¯ 320 on Nas.¯ır al-D¯ınal-T. us¯ ¯ı, 379 Tu¨kelBahadur, Mongol officer, 393 proclaimed as state religion in S.afawid T. u¯lun¯ ids, ofEgyptandSyria, 125 Persia, 405, 431, 435 Tun,¯ in Quhistan,¯ 17, 319, 353, 391, proclaimed as state religion in 392–393, 412 Niz.am-¯ Sha¯h¯ıDeccan, 454 Tunis, 146, 183 andSufism, 420, 429–430 Tunisia, 127 guise forQas¯ im-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıs, 437, see also Ifr¯ıqiya 451, 490, 504; campaigns against Tu¯rans¯ ha¯h,Ayyu¯bid ruler of Yaman, 257, Niza¯r¯ıs, 463, 490–491, 492–493; 260 guise for Muh. ammad-Sha¯h¯ı Niza¯r¯ıs, T. urayth¯ıth, in Quhistan,¯ 345, 357 454–455;relations with Turbat-i H. aydariya, in Khuras¯ an,¯ 494 contemporary Niza¯r¯ısofPersia, 494; Turkey, 421 ritualsobservedbyPersian Niza¯r¯ıs, Turkistan,¯ 29, 374, 438 492, 493 Turkomans, 196, 197, 210, 331, 425, 430 of Anjudan,¯ 423 Turks, 175, 178, 187, 193, 218, 316, 331, ofKhojas, 474, 481, 484, 486, 488 332, 352, 373 hostiletoNi
mat Alla¯h¯ıs, 461–462 see also Ottoman Turks; Salju¯qs; ofEast Africa, 486 Turkomans Imam-¯ Sha¯h¯ıs as, 446–447 Tursh¯ız, in Khuras¯ an,¯ 329, 391 Momnas¯ as, 448 T. us,¯ in Khuras¯ an,¯ 378, 393 hostiletoSha¯hKhal¯ıl Alla¯h (III), 463 al-T. us¯ ¯ı,AbuJa¯
far Muh. ammadb. Mura¯d M¯ırza¯¯ısembraced, 491 al-H. asan, Shaykh al-T. a¯ifa, Imam¯ ¯ı al-Qa¯d.¯ı al-Nu
man¯ depicted as, 168 scholar, 68, 168, 170 Nas.¯ır al-D¯ınal-T. us¯ ¯ı as, 379–380 al-T. us¯ ¯ı, Khwa¯jaNas.¯ır al-D¯ınMuh. ammad see also imamate; Imam¯ ¯ıs; Sh¯ı
¯ıs b. Muh. ammad, Sh¯ı
¯ı scholar, 304, Tyabji family,ofBombay, 300 340, 378–382, 393, 395, 398, 440 Tyre(S.u¯r), 179, 197, 216, 243, 244, 313, Tutar, Mongol officer, 394 372, 402 Tutush, Salju¯qruler ofSyria, 197, 320, 325, 331
Ubayd Alla¯hb.Ziya¯d,Umayyad Twelvers, TwelverSh¯ı
ism governor ofBas.raandKu¯fa, 50, 51 (Ithna¯
ashariyya), 1, 35, 58, 63, 81,
Ubayd Alla¯h al-Mahd¯ı, see al-Mahd¯ı, 89, 117, 206, 311, 495
Abd Alla¯h,first Fat¯.imid caliph as majoritybranch of the Sh¯ı
a, 58–59, Uchchh, in Sind, 442–443, 444, 450 89 Udaipur, inIndia, 291

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Index 769

Uganda, 291, 484, 487, 497, 501
Uqaylids, of
Ira¯q and northern Ujjain, inIndia, 285–286, 291 Syria, 176, 183, 185, 196
Ula¯iyya, 94–95 al-Uqh. uwana,¯ in Palestine, 192
ulam¯a (religious scholars), 7, 34, 35, al-Urbus (Laribus), inNorth Africa, 127 201, 203, 206, 281, 287, 288, 312, Urdu(language), 30, 297, 299 321, 336, 341, 435, 461, 466 U¯ rkhan,¯ Khwa¯razmian commander, 386
Ulaym, Banu,¯ ofSyria, 335
Us.fun,¯ village, inupperEgypt, 255
Ulays., Banu’l-, ofSyria, 122
Uslu¯jb.al-H. asan, Fat¯.imid ‘Ullayqa, castle, in Syria, 368, 400, 401, administrator, 212 402 Ustun¯ a¯wand, fortress, in Dama¯wand, 321 ¯ulu’l-
azm, 97, 131, 226 us. ¯ulal-fiqh, 171
Uman,¯ 110, 199, 291, 486 see also fiqh
Umar II, Umayyad caliph, 71 al-Us. ¯ulmin al-K¯af¯ı,of al-Kulayn¯ı, 118
Umarb.al-Khat.t.a¯b, second caliph, 36, Us.u¯l¯ı school,of Twelverlaw, 171 37, 41, 42, 43, 55, 66, 74 Usyut¯. (Asyut¯.), inupperEgypt, 250
Umarb.Sa
d, 53
Uthman¯ b.
Affan,¯ third caliph, 37, 41,
Umarb.Yah. ya,¯ 151 42–44, 45, 46, 48, 66, 74
UmarKhayyam,¯ poet and
Uthman¯ iyya, 45, 46 astronomer, 312 Uth¯ul¯ujiy¯a (Theology), of Aristotle,
Uma¯ra b.
Al¯ı al-H. akam¯ı, Yaman¯ı Pseudo-Aristotelian treatise, 224 historian andpoet, 239–240, Uwa¯l, island, in Persian Gulf, 210 253–254, 255, 261, 263 UwaysI,Jala¯yirid ruler of Umayyads, BanuUma¯ yya, 37, 44, 45, 48, A¯ dharbayjan,¯ 416 49, 52, 56, 58, 62, 66, 114, 223
Uy¯un al-akhb¯ar wa-fun¯un al-¯ath¯ar,of control over
Ira¯q, 51, 53–54 Idr¯ıs
Ima¯d al-D¯ın, 5, 90, 99, 240 challenged
Al¯ıb.Ab¯ı T. a¯lib, 44–46 on ‘hidden imams’, 106 cursedbyradicalSh¯ı
¯ıs, 66 on al-T. ayyib, 262 collapse, 71, 72, 74
Uyun¯ ids, of easternArabia, 210 overthrown by
Abbas¯ ids, 62, 78 Uzbekistan, 113 Umayyads, ofSpain, 140, 141, 156, 182 Umm al-kit¯ab, anonymous Sh¯ı
¯ıwork, 29, Vaishnavism, 450 93–94, 95, 98, 407 Valentinian Gnosticism, 69, 93 umma (community ofbelievers), 1, 34, Vancouver, in Canada, 497 36, 39 Vasak, brother of theFat¯.imid vizier United ArabEmirates, 501 Bahram,¯ 249 UnitedKingdom, Vatican Library,Vatican, 21 in East Africa, 291 Vaz¯ır¯ıKirman¯ ¯ı,Ah. mad
Al¯ıKhan,¯ invasion of Afghanistan, 468, 469–470 historian, 408, 459 and Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ I, 469–472, 473–474 Veda, 450 and Ag¯ ha¯ Khan¯ II, 477 vegetarianism, 124, 204, 282 and Aga Khan III, 481–483, 493 Venice, inItaly, 15, 18 Niza¯r¯ı community of, 501 Vetus de Montanis, see Old Man of the see also England; India; Britain Mountain United Nations, 496 Victoria, queen of Great Britainand UnitedStates of America, 497, 501 empress of India, 481 University of Central Asia, in Vieux de la Montagne, le, see Old Man of Tajikistan, 503 the Mountain upper Oxus region, see Transoxania Villani,Giovanni, historian, 19
Uqayl, Banu,¯ 176 Vishnu, Hindu deity, 450

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770 Index

vizier,vizierate, see waz¯ır Wellhausen, Julius, orientalist, 34, 74 Vohra, Hindu caste, 276 West: Isma¯
¯ıl¯ısmigrated to, 290, 291, 497, 500, 504 Wa¯d¯ı al-Taym, in Syria, 348, 352 West Africa, 189 waezeen,Niza¯r¯ıpreachers, 499 WesternIsma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, see Musta
lians wah. da, see ahl-i vah. dat wil¯aya, 428 Wahha¯biyya, 86, 296 Wilhelm II, Kaiser,emperor of Wahsu¯dan¯ b. Muh. ammad, Germany, 481 Musafi¯ rid, 121, 153, 154 William of Chateauneuˆ f,Grand Master of Wahsu¯dan¯ b. Murzuban,¯ Justan¯ id, 153 the Knights Hospitaller, 390 wah. y (divine revelation), 83 William ofRubruck (Rubruquis), Wajh-i d¯ın,of Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 30, Franciscan friar and envoy ofLouis 208–209 IX to Mongolia, 15, 17, 389 w¯ajib al-wuj¯ud, ‘the necessary William of Tyre, archbishop and Crusader existent’, 233, 234 historian, 13, 310, 350, 369 Wakhan,¯ in Badakhshan, 29, 95 Windsor Castle, 481 wak¯ıl, 447 women, emancipation of, 290, 300, wal¯a (clientage), 54 487–488 see also maw¯al¯ı World War I, 482, 483, 486, 491 al-walad al-t¯amm (the perfect child), 273 World War II, 483, 491 wal¯aya (Persian wal¯ayat), 83–84, 169, 170 Wus.afa¯ (the Servants), 70 wal¯ı, awliy¯a, 84, 134, 215, 428 see also Mugh¯ıriyya w¯al¯ı, head of T. ayyib¯ı da
wa inIndia, 276, 277, 278 Ya
bur¯ıs, branch ofBanuHam¯ dan,¯ 266, Wal¯ı al-DawlaAbu’l-Barakat¯ b.
Abd 268 al-H. aq¯ıq,chief d¯a
¯ı, 245 yad, rankin da
wa hierarchy, 218 w¯al¯ımull¯a, rankin Da¯u¯d¯ı da
wa, 293 al-Yafi¯
¯ı,
Abd Alla¯h, Sufi master, 428 al-Wal¯ıd I, Umayyad caliph, 54, 61 Yafi¯
iyya, Sufi order, 428 al-Wal¯ıd II, Umayyad caliph, 74, 75 Ya
furid (or Ya
firid) dynasty,of al-Wal¯ıd b. ‘Utba b. Ab¯ıSufyan,¯ Yaman, 122, 198 Umayyad, 267 Yah. ya,¯ son of Zikrawayh b. Wal¯ıd, Banu’l-, of Yaman, 240, 267, 269 Mihrawayh, 122–123 Walker, PaulE., 32, 231 Yah. ya¯ IV, Idr¯ısid, 142 Walter of Mesnil,Templarknight, 369 Yah. ya¯ b.
Abbas,¯ 210 w¯aqifiyya, 96 Yah. ya¯ b. Abi’l-Shumayt., 88 Was.¯ay¯a, attributed to Niz.am¯ al-Mulk, 312 Yah. ya¯ b.
Al¯ıb.H. amdun,¯ 157, 158 was.¯ı, aws.iy¯a (legatees), 40, 81, 83, 85, Yah. ya¯ b. al-
Az¯ız,H. amma¯did, 202 129, 130, 132, 217, 232, 234, 365 Yah. ya¯ b. Lamak al-H. amma¯d¯ı, d¯a
¯ı in Was¯.il b.
At.a¯, founder of the Yaman, 243, 263–264 Mu
tazila, 73 Yah. ya¯ b. Zayd b.
Al¯ı,Zayd¯ıimam, 73, 77 Was¯ it., in
Ira¯q, 54, 149, 196, 367 Ya
la¯ b. Muh. ammad, ¯Ifranid, 156 w¯asit.a, 179, 180, 181, 191, 212 Yalaoui (al-Ya
la¯w¯ı), Mohammed Watt, William Montgomery, 47 (Muh. ammad), 32 waz¯ır (vizier), 52, 77, 158, 172, 176, 179, Yam,¯ Banu,¯ of Yaman, 255, 258, 295–296, 180, 181, 191, 211–212, 248, 252, 312 297, 298 waz¯ır al-sayf (wa’l-qalam), 194, 212, 248 Yamama,¯ 99, 110, 206 waz¯ır al-tafw¯ıd. , 212 Yaman, 3, 5, 20, 28, 30, 400 waz¯ır al-tanf¯ıdh, 212 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı da
wa to, 102, 109–110, 327

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Index 771

Qarmat.¯ısof, 99, 122 Yaz¯ıd I, Umayyad caliph, 49–50, 51, 52 inIsma¯
¯ıl¯ı schism of 286/899, 122 Yaz¯ıd II, Umayyad caliph, 71 under Fat¯.imids, 176, 218; Fat¯.imid Yaz¯ıd III, Umayyad caliph, 74–75 da
wa to, 198–201, 204, 220, al-Ya¯zur¯ı,al-H. asan b.
Al¯ı,Fat¯.imid vizier, 256–257, 263–264; da
wa to India, 172, 193–194, 197, 201, 203–204 200–201 Yina¯ltig¯ın, see Bina¯ltig¯ın H. afi¯ z.iyyasupportedin, 238, 248, Yule, Sir Henry, 16–17 255–260 Yumgan,¯ in Badakhshan, 206–207 H. afi¯ z.¯ı–T. ayyib¯ı schism, 258–259, Yu¯run Tas¯ h, Salju¯q am¯ır, 318 263–264 Yus¯ ha
(Joshua), 132 inNiza¯r¯ı–Musta
l¯ı schism, 262–263, Yusu¯ f, father of theFat¯.imid caliph 324–325 al-
A¯ d. id, 251 Zuray
idsof, 255–257 Yusu¯ f
A¯ dil Khan,¯
A¯ dil-Sha¯h¯ıruler, T. ayyib¯ısof, 94, 256, 262–269 passim, , 453 276–277, 281 Yusu¯ fb.Abi’l-Sa¯j, Sa¯jid am¯ır of Da¯u¯d¯ısof, 281–282, 291 A¯ dharbayjan,¯ 149, 153 Sulayman¯ ¯ısof, 281–282, 295–300; Yusu¯ fb.F¯ıru¯z, 348 jaz¯ıra of, 298 Yusu¯ fb.Sulayman,¯ T. ayyib¯ı d¯a
¯ı revoltof F¯ıru¯z, 125 mut.laq, 269, 279–280 Ayyu¯bid conquest of, 253 Yusu¯ fb.
Umar al-Thaqaf¯ı,Umayyad Ottoman occupation of, 280, 296 governor of
Ira¯q, 72 warwithSa
u¯d¯ıs, 297 Yusu¯ f Najmal-D¯ın, Da¯u¯d¯ı d¯a
¯ı, 286 see also S.ulayh. ids, of Yaman Yves le Breton, friar and envoy to Syrian Yaman¯ıs, Nizar¯ıs, 14–15, 391 Sh¯ı
¯ı tendencies, 41, 43, 45, 47–48, 51, 77 Za¯b, battleof, 78 traditions ofkingship andhereditary Za¯b, inNorth Africa, 147, 157 attributes, 41, 47, 55–56 Zab¯ıd, inTihama,¯ 198, 199, 256, 259–260, Yam¯ınal-D¯ın Bahrams¯ ha¯h,Nas.rid am¯ır 268 ofS¯ıstan,¯ 383–384 Za¯bu¯d mountains, in Syria, 261 Yan¯ is, Fat¯.imid vizier, 246, 247, 248 al-Zab¯ur,of the founder of the Sabaean Yan¯ isiyya, 248 religion, 227 Ya
qu¯b,sonofBha¯rmal, d¯a
¯ı in Z¯ad al-mus¯afir¯ın,of Nas¯.ir-iKhusraw, 206 Gujarat,¯ 276 Z. afar, fortress, in Badakhshan, 452 Yaranqush, Salju¯q am¯ır, 353 Z. afarKhan¯ Muz.affar,sultan of Yarde-Buller, Joan, mother of Aga Khan Gujarat,¯ 277 IV, 483 al-Za
faran¯ ¯ı, Sunn¯ıjurist, 111 Yar¯ım, in Yaman, 298 al-Z. afi¯ r,Fat¯.imid caliph, 249–250, 251 Yarkand, in Sinkiang (Xinjiang) province Zagros mountains, in western Persia, 321, of China, 494, 496 339, 353, 384 Ya¯ru¯kh,Fat¯.imid governor of Za¯hid
Al¯ı, 30 Damascus, 182 z. ¯ahir, 10, 83, 129–131, 167, 221–222, 226, Yasaur Noyan, Mongol commander, 392, 269, 361, 362, 366, 381, 412, 420, 393 441 Yas¯ ir b. Bila¯l,Zuray
id vizier, 257 al-Z. a¯hir,Ayyu¯bid ruler of Aleppo, 389 Yazd, in Persia, 313, 427, 429, 459, 463, al-Z. a¯hir,Fat¯.imid caliph, 191–192, 198, 468, 494 200 Yazd¯ı, Sharaf al-D¯ın
Al¯ı, historian, 418 Z. ah¯ır al-D¯ınN¯ısha¯pu¯r¯ı, historian, 308

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772 Index

Zahr al-ma
¯an¯ı,of Idr¯ıs
Ima¯d al-D¯ın, against Niza¯r¯ıs, 10, 24 106, 269 against S.ulayh. ids, 198–199 Z. ahra, fortress, inH. ara¯z, 266 against Hamdan¯ ids, 259 Zahra, Princess, daughter of Aga Khan IV, escaped Ayyu¯bid control, 260 504 against T. ayyib¯ıs, 239, 240, 264, 267, Zakar¯ı or Zakariyya¯,the ‘Persian Mahd¯ı’ 268, 280 of the Qarmat.¯ıs, 150 against Sulayman¯ ¯ıs, 296, 297 zak¯at (alms), 169, 294 at warwithSa
u¯d¯ıs, 296 Zak¯ı al-D¯ınT. ayyib b. Shaykh A¯ dam, in Caspian region, 112, 114, 178, 314,
Alaw¯ıBohra d¯a
¯ı, 282 317, 344, 346, 415, 416 Zanata,¯ Berbers, 141, 142, 145–146, 156, at Alamut,¯ 314, 415–416 157, 182 Zaynal-
A¯ bid¯ın, imam, see
Al¯ıb. Zanddynasty,ofPersia, 405, 408, 459–461 al-H. usayn Zang¯ıb.A¯ qSunqur, founder of the Zervan,¯ angel, 270 Zangid dynasty, 352 Zikrawayh b. Mihrawayh, Qarmat.¯ı d¯a
¯ı, Zangids, ofSyriaand northern
Ira¯q, 99, 108, 117, 122–124, 125 250–251, 350, 368, 369, 370, 372, 373 Z¯ır¯ıb.Mana¯d, am¯ır ofS.anha¯jaand Zanj, 108, 109, 114, 115, 218 Fat¯.imid general, 146, 147, 156, 157 Zanjan,¯ in Persia, 377 Z¯ırids, of Ifr¯ıqiya, 157, 162, 176, 179–180, al-Zanjan¯ ¯ı, see
Al¯ıb.Ha¯run¯ al-Zanjan¯ ¯ı 183, 201 Zanzibar, 291–292, 293, 485–487, 497 Ziya¯db.Ab¯ıhi,Umayyad governor of see also Tanzania Bas.raandKu¯fa, 49 Zarand, in Kirman,¯ 460 Ziya¯dat Alla¯h III, Aghlabid, 127 Zarang, in S¯ıstan,¯ 384 Ziya¯dids, of Yaman, 198 Zardusht, see Zoroaster Ziya¯rid dynasty,of T. abaristan¯ and Zarubin, Ivan I., 29, 30 Gurgan,¯ innorthern Persia, 112, Za¯wa, in Khuras¯ an,¯ 393 152 al-Zawa¯h.¯ı, Sulayman¯ b.
Abd Alla¯h, Zoroaster, 150, 227 Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı d¯a
¯ı in Yaman, 198, 199 Zoroastrians, Zoroastrianism, 56, 60, 133, z¯awiya, 429 136, 150, 227, 270 see also kh¯anaq¯ah al-Zubayr b. al-
Awwam,¯ 41, 44 Zawzan, see Zu¯zan Zubayr Rag¯ h¯ı, rulerin Badakhshan, 452 Zayd b.
Al¯ıb.al-H. usayn, Zayd¯ıimam, Zubayrid anti-caliphate, 53, 58 68, 72–73, 75, 76 Zubdat al-asr¯ar,ofS.af¯ı
Al¯ıSha¯h, 479 Zayd b. Rifa¯
a, 235 Zubdat al-h. aq¯aiq,of
Az¯ız al-D¯ın Nasaf¯ı, Zayda¯ba¯d, fortress, in S¯ırjan,¯ 469 420 Zayd¯ıs, Zaydiyya, 35, 69, 73–74, 75, 153, Zubdat al-nus.ra,of al-Bunda¯r¯ı, 308 199, 257, 344, 353 Zubdat al-taw¯ar¯ıkh,ofKas¯ han¯ ¯ı, 307 sources, on pre-Fat¯.imid Isma¯
¯ıl¯ı Zuhayr b. al-Qayn, 50 cosmology, 133–134, 230 z.uh¯ur (manifestation), 65, 89, 238–239 term d¯a
¯ı usedby, 219 see also dawr al-kashf transmittersof h. ad¯ıth for al-Qa¯d.¯ı Zura¯ra b. A
yan, Imam¯ ¯ı scholar, 68, 84 al-Nu
man,¯ 170 Zuray
, Banu,¯ of
Adan, 255 against Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıs, 110 Zuray
b. al-
Abbas,¯ Zuray
id, 255–256 system oflaw, 171 Zuray
ids, Zuray
iyya, of
Adan, 199, 200, forced Isma¯
¯ıl¯ıstoretreat in Yaman, 238, 255–257, 258, 260, 265 109–110 Zu¯zan, in Quhistan,¯ 319, 374

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