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Sensu Stricto Remnant in Pecies S ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2010 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution N Vascular Flora of a Cerrado sensu stricto remnant in PECIES S Pratânia, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil OF ISTRIBUITIO D * ISTS L RAPHIC Marina Begali Carvalho, Katia Losano Ishara and Rita C. S. Maimoni-Rodella G * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] EO Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica. Caixa Postal 510. CEP 18618-000. Botucatu, SP, Brazil. G N O Abstract: The Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) has suffered massive destruction in recent years, mainly due to OTES N the expansion of agricultural areas. Many remnants of this vegetation are still poorly studied. Therefore, the registered.purpose of thisThe studyfamilies was with to carry greater out richnessa floristic were: survey Fabaceae in a remnant (23 species), of Cerrado Asteraceae in the municipality (15), Myrtaceae of Pratânia, (10), central-west region of state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. In total, 120 species (38 families, 88 genera) were the study area representing 37.5 % of the recorded species. A comparison among eight Cerrado areas showed greaterMalpighiaceae similarity and between Rubiaceae areas (seven with each) similar and altitude. Bignoniaceae (five). The shrub component was predominant in Introduction kind of conservation unit (Durigan et al. 2006). Even so, The Brazilian savanna, so-called Cerrado, is the second these remnants are notably rich in species and therefore largest biome of Brazil (Ribeiro and Walter 1998) and highly representative (Ratter et al. 2003) since 34 % of the occupies the intermediate region between the two largest total Cerrado species set can be found in São Paulo state Neotropical moist forests: the Amazon forest and Atlantic (Cavassan 2002). forest (Méio et al. 2003). The Cerrado is included in the list of global hotspots or The typical vegetation landscape of this biome consists areas with high concentrations of endemic species, which of savanna of very variable structure, encompassing suffered heavy habitat losses (Myers et al. different vegetation physiognomies, and is termed Cerrado sensu lato. Depending on some environmental its best use, serving as a basis for ecological 2000). studies The flora and characteristics a series of physiognomies can be inventory is the first step to vegetation knowledgeet al. 1993; and found, ranging from open grasslands (campo limpo) to Mendonça et al. 1998). Considering this, in the central- dense woodlands (cerradão), with three intermediate thewest planning region ofof Sãoconservation Paulo state, projects municipality (Felfili of Pratânia, physiognomies: campo sujo, grassland with a scattering a Cerrado sensu stricto remnant was inventoried to of shrubs and small trees; campo Cerrado, where there are more shrubs and trees but still a larger proportion larger project which intends to perform a more detailed of grassland; and Cerrado sensu stricto, where trees and vegetationprovide a vascular study concerning flora check the list. structure This study and is dynamics part of a shrubs dominate but with a fair amount of herbaceous of the woody component of a Cerrado fragment in Pratânia vegetation (Coutinho 2002). These differences are due Municipality, and was developed aiming to add information to the wide area and distribution of Cerrado vegetation to the initial inventory performed by Machado et al. (2005), which provides a variety of environmental conditions which included all three Cerrado physiognomies occurring related to seasonal precipitation, soil fertility and drainage, in the area. et al. 2003). These variations condition the settlement of a Cerrado vegetation Materials and Methods mosaictemperature even inand small fire areasregime (Coutinho (Durigan 2002). According to The studied area is a Cerrado sensu stricto remnant Rizzini (1971), more than half of Brazil’s central savanna located within a larger Cerrado fragment of nearly 180 ha that also presents other two Cerrado physiognomies: a cerradão and a campo Cerrado remnant. The fragment ecologicalflora is originated importance from of the other Cerrado, vegetation many elements types, which of the belongs to a private reserve of Cerrado (22°48’50” S, also contributes to its floristic heterogeneity. Besides the 48°44’36” W: 720 m average altitude), located in Pratânia as a source of active ingredients for the pharmaceutical Municipality, at the central-west region of São Paulo state, industryCerrado floraamong have other some uses economic (Cavassan potential, 2002). for example, southeastern Brazil (Figure 1). The fragment is surrounded Despite its relevance, the Cerrado has been continuously by pastures, sugar cane and eucalyptus plantations. The climate of the region is Cwa according to Koeppen state, southeastern Brazil, the Cerrado remnants are todaydestroyed very to reduced create pasturesand fragmented and field (Durigan crops. In et São al. 2004)Paulo hot summers and no prolonged drought, annual average and only 0.5 % of the original area is protected in some temperatureclassification, of that 21ºC is, and humid annual subtropical average rainfall climate of 1,128with Check List | Volume 6 | Issue 3 | 2010 350 Carvalho et al. | Vascular Flora, Cerrado sensu stricto, Pratânia São Paulo, Brazil Miconia, Mimosa and Vernonia (four species each). Among Latosol and Argisol (according to the Brazilian System of the angiosperms, 20 families and 69 genera had one single mm (Déstro and Campos 2006). The soils are classified as species. Several weeds (17 species) were found in the area: Soil Classification, EMBRAPA 1999). Baccharis dracunculifolia, Bidens gardineri, Chamaecrista CerradoThe sensufloristic stricto survey area waswas inventoriedcarried from and January all species to desvauxii, C. flexuosa, Commelina diffusa, Cuphea October 2008, on a weekly basis. Approximately 1 ha of the cartaginensis, Emilia sonchifolia, Lantana camara, Mikania Voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium cordifolia, Pterocaulon lanatum, Pyrostegia venusta, in reproductive phase were collected and identified. Sida linearifolia, Solanum americanum, S. lycocarpum, Spermacoce capitata, Vernonia cognata and V. polyanthes. BOTU (Herbário “Irina Delanova Gemtchújnicov”, Instituto This indicates some disturbance, probably caused by andde Biociências Ellenberg de1974) Botucatu, and included UNESP). the The present floristic study similarity and otherwas estimated seven previously using the published Jaccard Indexstudies (Mueller-Dombois on Cerrado sensu found in the study area - Arrabidaea brachypoda, A. florida, lato vegetation performed in São Paulo state. Species with theByrsonima proximity intermedia of agricultural and Dimorphandraareas. Four Cerrado mollis species – are frequently quoted as weeds (Lorenzi 2008) in areas where the original Cerrado vegetation was removed for the inincomplete just one area,identification according (only to methodology genus, aff. or adopted cf.) were by introduction of crops or pastures. Ratterexcluded et al.as well as those whose occurrence was reported all plant habits were compared. A cluster analysis among followed by herbs (27.5 %), trees (23 %), and vines (12 (2003). Only floristic surveys which included %).Shrubs Among makethe shrub up 37.5species, % ofthe the richest inventoried families flora,were Asteraceae and Myrtaceae (seven species each) and dendrogramthese eight areas elaboration was also (Sneath performed and Sokal using 1973). the Jaccard Index of Similarity and the UPGMA algorithm for the Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae and Proteaceae showed only was delimited and every woody plant with stem basal oneFabaceae shrub (five). species Apocynaceae, each. Among Dilleniaceae, the herbs Erytroxylaceae, the richest diameterIn the centerequal orof thesuperior sampled to 3area cm awas 5 x 30recorded m transect and families were: Fabaceae (nine species), Asteraceae (seven) and Rubiaceae (three). Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Albuquerque and Rodrigues (2000). Commelinaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, drawn, in order to make a profile diagram, according to Lythraceae, Polypodiaceae and Sapotaceae had only one herbaceous species each. The arboreal component had Fabaceae (seven species), Malpighiaceae and Myrtaceae (three species each) as the richest families. Araliaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Ebenaceae, Malvaceae, Ochnaceae, Salicaceae and Vochysiaceae had only one tree species each. The families with the highest number of vines were Apocynaceae and Bignoniaceae, both with three species each, and Fabaceae with two species. The other families where vines were represented had only one species each (see Table 1). Machado et al. (2005), in an inventory of all Cerrado physiognomies in the same fragment quoted 168 species Figure 1. Location of study area in Pratânia, state of São Paulo, south- eastern Brazil. in total, but there was no indication of the class or classes of physiognomy where the plant species were found. This Results and Discussion A total of 119 species of Angiosperms (37 families, 87 to observe that 66 species were common to our inventory genera) and one pteridophyte were registered (Table 1). andmakes that the 54 comparisons species that difficult. we found However, were not it wascollected possible by Although this number may seem small compared to core Machado et al. (2005), while they quote 102 other species 2006), many São Paulo state Cerrado areas have similar
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