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Proceedings of the Understanding Timor UnderstandingTimor-Leste Hatene kona 2019 ba Volume II Compreender Timor-Leste 1999: 20 Years On Steven Farram, Dulce Martins da Silva , Leonardo F. Soares, Nuno Canas Mendes, Clinton Fernandes, Mica Barreto Soares, Uka Pinto, Hannah Loney, Robert L Williams, Claudino Ninas Nabais and Michael Leach. tlsa Timor-Leste Studies Association www.tlstudies.org Hatene kona ba Timor-Leste 2019 Compreender Timor-Leste 2019 Understanding Timor-Leste 2019 1999: 20 Years On Volume II Proceedings of the Understanding Timor-Leste 2019 Conference, Liceu Campus, Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa’e (UNTL), Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, Dili, Timor-Leste, 27-28 June 2019. Edited by Steven Farram, Dulce Martins da Silva, Leonardo F. Soares, Nuno Canas Mendes, Clinton Fernandes, Mica Barreto Soares, Uka Pinto, Hannah Loney, Robert L Williams, Claudino Ninas Nabais and Michael Leach (eds). This collection first published in 2020 by the Timor-Leste Studies Association (www.tlstudies.org). Printed by Swinburne University of Technology. Copyright © 2020 by Steven Farram, Dulce Martins da Silva, Leonardo F. Soares, Nuno Canas Mendes, Clinton Fernandes, Mica Barreto Soares, Uka Pinto, Hannah Loney, Robert L Williams, Claudino Ninas Nabais, Michael Leach and contributors. All papers published in this collection have been peer refereed. All rights reserved. Any reproductions, in whole or in part of this publication must be clearly attributed to the original publication and authors. Cover photo courtesy of Susana Barnes. Design and book layout by Susana Barnes. ISBN: 978-1-925761-26-9 (3 volumes, PDF format) 2 Contents – Volume II Lia Maklokek – Prefácio – Foreword 4 Lia Maklokek – CNC 6 Foreword – CNC 7 Introduction – 1999: 20 Years On 8 1999: 20 Years On 9 1. The Transnational Timor Solidarity Movement as History: Public Rhetoric and 10 International Clandestinity David Webster 2. Timor Sea Oil and Gas as a Factor in Australia’s Policy Response to an 15 Independent East Timor 1998-1999 Kim McGrath 3. Indonesian Solidarity with the Struggle for Timor-Leste’s Independence in the 1990s 21 Max Lane 4. The Day Hope and History Rhymed in East Timor 27 Patrick Walsh 5. Remembering James Dunn 31 Peter Job 6. Music as a Medium Advocating for Change: The Audio -Visual Pieces of Martin 37 Wesley-Smith, a Musical Protagonist for the East Timorese Roslyn Dunlop 7. Solidariedade iha Kampu – Prosesu Observasaun ba Timor-Leste nia Referendu 44 Charles Scheiner no Pam Sexton 8. Solidarity in the Field -- Observing Timor-Leste’s Consultation 55 Charles Scheiner and Pam Sexton 9. The Victim Interprets History 65 Susan Connelly 10. Norwegian Solidarity in the 1990s 71 Yiannis Tavridis 11. The Collapse of Indonesian Policy in 1999 75 Clinton Fernandes 3 Lia Maklokek – Prefácio – Foreword Artigu sira ne’ebe tama iha volume ida ne’e aprezenta ona iha Timor-Leste Studies Association (TLSA) nia konferensia Hatene kona ba Timor-Leste 2019 ne'ebé realiza iha Universidade Nacional de Timor Lorosa’e (UNTL) Kampus Liceu, Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, Dili, Timor-Leste, iha 29 no 30 Juñu 2019. Konferensia TLSA nian iha 2019 ne’e ba dala hitu (7), tuir konferensia sira ne’ebé hala’o ona iha Melbourne (2005) no Dili (2009, 2011, 2013, 2015 no 2017). Partisipante Timoroan ho internasional sira 200 resin mak partisipa no apresenta ona sira nia estudus durante loron rua nia laran. Konferensia ida ne’e organiza iha dalen hat: Tetum, Portugues, Bahasa Indonesia no Ingles. Aproximasaun ida ne’e refleta diversidade linguistika iha Timor-Leste, no la’o ho suksesu boot. Iha konferensia 2019 ne’e, iha mos painel espesiais hat mak hanesan: “1999: Hafoin Tinan 20” konvokadu husi Clinton Fernandes no Mica Barreto Soares; “Peskiza Jéneru” organiza husi Hannah Loney no Uka Pinto; “Agrikultura” organiza husi Claudino Ninas Nabais no Robert Williams no “Dekoloniza Koñesimentu” husi Josh Trindade. Editor sira hakarak hato’o obrigadu barak ba UNTL, Swinburne University of Technology, no Universidade de Lisboa ba parseria ne’ebé halo konferensia ne’e sai posivel. Partikularmente hakarak hato’o ami nia agradesimentu ba Reitor UNTL, Professor Francisco Martins no Centro Nacional Chega! (CNC) ba sira nia apoiu jenerozu no ko-patrosínio ba konferensia 2019 ne’e. Ami mos hakarak hato’o obrigadu ba mica Barreto Soares no Susana Barnes ba sira nia asistensia ba produsaun koleksaun ne’e; Hannah Loney, Michael Leach no Mica Barreto Soares ba sira nia asistensia hodi organiza konferensia ne’e, nunemos ba Uka, Vero no Zairo ba sira nia apoiu tomak durante konforensia iha Dili. Partikularmente ami hato’o obrigadu ba hakerek nain sira, no dala ida tan ami hein katak volume ida ne’e sei asiste estudante no akademiku sira iha Timor-Leste, no mos ba sira ne’ebé iha estranjerru ne’ebé hakarak hatene dezafiu no oportunidade barak ne’ebé nasaun foin sa’e ne’e hasoru. * As comunicações, revistas por pares, incluídas neste volume foram apresentadas na conferência Compreender Timor-Leste 2019, organizada pela Timor-Leste Studies Association (TLSA), a qual decorreu na Universidade Nacional de Timor-Leste (UNTL), no Campus do Liceu, Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, Díli, Timor-Leste, nos dias 27 e 28 de Junho de 2019. Esta foi a 7.a conferência da TLSA, na sequência das de Melbourne (2005) e das de Díli (2009, 2011, 2013, 2015 e 2017). Mais de 200 conferencistas timorenses e internacionais apresentaram as suas comunicações durante dois dias. A conferência decorreu em três línguas, com painéis em Tétum, Português e Inglês. Esta escolha reflecte a diversidade linguística de Timor-Leste e tem tido grande êxito. A conferência contou ainda com sessões especiais dedicadas aos seguintes temas: “1999: 20 anos depois”, coordenada por Clinton Fernandes e Mica Barreto Soares; “Estudos de Género em Timor-Leste”, coordenada por Hannah Loney e Uka Pinto; “Agricultura”, coordenada por Claudino Ninas Nabais e Robert Williams e ainda dois painéis sobre “Descolonizar o pensamento”, organizados por Josh Trindade. Os editores gostariam de agradecer à UNTL, à Swinburne Technology University e à Universidade de Lisboa pelas parcerias que tornaram esta conferência possível. Em particular agradecemos ao Reitor da UNTL, Professor Francisco Martins, e ao Centro Nacional Chega! (CNC) pelos seu generoso apoio e co-patrocínio à conferência de 2019. Gostaríamos ainda de agradecer à mica Barreto Soares e à Susana Barnes pela colaboração na organização desta coletânea, à Hannah Loney, ao Michael Leach e à Mica Barreto Soares pela participação na organização do evento, assim como à Uka, Vero e Zairo pela inestimável assistência prestada em Díli. Um agradecimento especial aos autores das comunicações e votos de que estes volumes possam ser úteis aos estudantes e académicos de Timor-Leste e aqueles que fora do país queiram compreender melhor os muitos desafios e oportunidades que esta jovem nação enfrenta. * 4 The peer-reviewed papers included in these volumes were first presented at the Timor-Leste Studies Association (TLSA)’s Understanding Timor-Leste 2019, which was held at the Universidade Nacional Timor-Lorosa’e (UNTL), Liceu Campus, Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, Dili, Timor-Leste, 27–28 June 2019. This was the 7th TLSA conference, following our conferences in Melbourne (2005) and Dili (2009, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017). More than 200 East Timorese and international delegates presented papers over two days. The conference was organised into three language streams, with papers presented in Tetum, Portuguese and English. This approach reflects the linguistic diversity of Timor-Leste and proved a great success. The conference also saw special streams on “1999: 20 Years On” convened by Clinton Fernandes and Mica Barreto Soares; “Gender Research in Timor-Leste” convened by Hannah Loney and Uka Pinto; “Agriculture” convened by Claudino Ninas Nabais and Robert Williams; and two panels on “Decolonising Knowledge” organised by Josh Trindade. The editors would like to thank UNTL, Swinburne University of Technology and the University of Lisbon for the partnerships that made this conference possible. In particular we thank the Rector of UNTL, Professor Francisco Martins, and the Centro Nacional Chega! (CNC) for their generous support and co-sponsorship of the 2019 conference. We also wish to thank mica Barreto Soares and Susana Barnes for their assistance in the production of this collection; Hannah Loney, Michael Leach and Mica Barreto Soares for their assistance in conference organisation; as well as Uka, Vero and Zairo for their wonderful support in Dili. We particularly thank the authors of these papers, and once again hope that these volumes will assist students and academics in Timor-Leste, and also those outside the country who wish to better understand the many challenges and opportunities facing this young nation. * Steven Farram, Dulce Martins da Silva, Leonardo F. Soares, Nuno Canas Mendes, Clinton Fernandes, Mica Barreto Soares, Uka Pinto, Hannah Loney, Robert L Williams, Claudino Ninas Nabais and Michael Leach (eds). 5 Lia Maklokek – CNC Hodi Centro National Chega! I.P. Hosi Memória ba Esperansa (Centro Chega!) nia naran, hau hakarak kongratula Timor-Leste Studies Association (TLSA) ne’ebe organiza ona ho suksesu Konferensia TLSA 2019 iha Dili. Konferensia TLSA 2019 ho tema Hatene kona ba Timor-Leste 2019 no foku ba tema especial konaba 1999 hafoin liu tia tinan 20 ne’e monu-kedas ho tinan ne’ebé ita komemora tinan 20 Konsulta Popular iha Agusto 1999 no selebra vitoria Timor oan sira nian hafoin luta tinan-naran ba autodeterminasaun. Centro Chega! nia mandatu mak atu preserva memoria pasadu, halo memoria ne’e asesivel ba públiku, no aprende husi istória pasadu atu harii Timor-Leste ida diak liu. Bazeia ba razaun sira ne’e, Centro Chega! simu konvite husi TLSA nudar patrosinador formal ba konferensia 2019. Centro Chega! no TLSA asina Nota Intendementu ida iha Marsu 2019 hodi estabelese Centro Chega! hanesan ko patrosinu ba Konferensia TLSA 2019. TLSA nia parseria ho Universidade Nasional Timor-Lorosa’e (UNTL) fo kbit institusionalidade ba Centro Chega! atu dezenvolve métodu peskiza istória, frekuenta investigador sira no hala’o peskiza tematiku ho kle’an bazeia ba relatório Chega! no nia rekomendasaun sira.
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