Introduction
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Notes Introduction 1. A more in- depth discussion on the biography and historical context of May- lender can be found in Chapter 1. 2. A description of the criteria followed in the creation of the IAD is avail- able in the following publications: Simone Testa, “Un nuovo progetto sulle Accademie: Italian Academies 1530– 1700. A Themed Collection Database,” Bruniana e campanelliana 14 (2008), pp. 243– 48; Simone Testa, “Le accad- emie senesi e il network intellettuale della prima età moderna in Italia. Un progetto online (1525– 1700),” intro. Jane Everson, Bullettino senese di sto- ria patria 117 (2010), pp. 613–37; J. E. Everson, “Le Accademie italiane del Cinque e Seicento: Nuove richerche e una nuova risorsa on- line,” in Le virtu- ose adunanze II. la cultura accademica tra XVI e XVII secolo. Emblemi simboli e linguaggi, ed. Clizia Gurreri et al. (Avellino: Sinestesie, 2014), http:// www .bl .uk/ catalogues/ ItalianAcademies/ GenesisOfItalianAcademies .aspx. 3. Corrado Pecorella, “Note per la classificazione delle Accademie italiane,” Studi sassaresi, 3rd ser., 1 (1979): 205– 31. 4. Bruno Migliorini, Storia della lingua italiana, 4th ed. (Florence: Sansoni, 1963), p. 295. 5. Poggio Bracciolini, Poggii Epistolae, ed. Thomas de Tonellis (Florence: Marchini, 1832), p. 149. This is now called Accademia Valdarnese and hosts a museum of paleontology: http:// brunelleschi .imss .fi .it/ itineraries/ place/ MuseoPaleontologicoAccademiaValdarnesePoggio .html. 6. Arnaldo Della Torre, Storia dell’accademia platonica (Florence: Carnesecchi, 1902), p. 364. 7. Accademia della Crusca, Il vocabolario degli accademici della Crusca (Venice: Alberti, 1612). 8. Accademia della Crusca, Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca. Quarta impressione (Florence: Tipografia galileiana, 1863). 9. Antonio Gamba and Lucia Rossetti, eds., Giornale della gloriosissima Aca- demia Ricovrata. A. Verbali delle adunanze accademiche dal 1599 al 1694 (Padua: Accademia galileiana di scienze lettere ed. arti, 1999), p. 23. 10. Maria Fedi, “Tuo lumine.” L’Accademia dei Risvegliati e lo spettacolo a Pistoia tra Sei e Settecento (Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011), pp. 34, 35. 11. Maurice Agulhon, “Introduction. La sociabilité est-elle object d’histoire?,” in Sociabilité et société bourgeoise en France, en Allemagne et en Suisse 184 NOTES (1750– 1850), ed. E. François (Paris: Editions Recherche sur les civilisations, 1986), pp. 13– 23. 12. Arjan Van Dixhoorn and Susie Speakman Sutch, eds., The Reach of the Republic of Letters: Literary and Learned Societies in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe (Leiden: Brill, 2008), p. 16. Still in the Italian context, there were several Jewish academies whose features were similar to the academies created by Christians. This important example of cultural transfer deserves to be studied further, see Andrea Yaakov Lattes and Mario Perani, “Un poema per la rifondazione della ‘compagnia di mezzanotte’ nella Lugo ebraica di metà settecento,” Materia giudaica 15– 16 (2010– 11): 439– 56. 13. Mario Diani, “Networks and Social Movements,” in The Wiley- Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Social and Political Movements, ed. D. A. Snow, D. Della Porta, et al., 3 vols. (Oxford: Blackwell, 2013), vol. 2, pp. 835–40. Enrico Franceschini, “Quando le Accademie erano come Facebook,” La Repubblica 1 (2011, December): pp. 61; Roberta Macedo, “Facebook renascentista,” Cor- reio Braziliense, January 28, 2013, p. 18. 14. Dixhoorn and Speakman, The Reach of the Republic of Letters, pp. 1– 16. 15. Richard S. Samuels, “Benedetto Varchi, the Accademia degli Infiammati, and the origins of the Italian academic movement,” Renaissance Quarterly 29 (1976): 599. 16. Paula Findlen, “Academies,” in Encyclopaedia of the Renaissance, ed. Paul F. Grendler, 6 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner, 1999), vol. 1, pp. 4– 6. 17. Ibid. 18. Ibid. 19. Francesco Barozzi’s 1561 opening speech in the Accademia dei Vivi (The Alive Ones), which he founded with other friends at the age of 24 in Herak- lion, Crete, was deeply inspired by Aristotle. I am grateful to Marco Sgarbi for letting me read his introduction to, and critical edition of, Barozzi’s text. 20. David Chambers, “The Earlier ‘Academies’ in Italy,” in Italian Academies of the Sixteenth Century, ed. David Chambers and François Quiviger (London: Warburg Institute, 1995), pp. 1– 14. 21. David Chambers, Jennifer Fletcher, and Brian Pullan, eds., Venice: A Docu- mentary History 1450–1630 (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004), pp. 376–80. See also Peter Jordan, The Venetian Origins of the Commedia dell’Arte (London: Rout- ledge, 2014), who discusses Compagnie della Calza in relation to carnival. 22. Tommaso Mozzati, Giovanfrancesco Rustici, le compagnie del Paiuolo e della Cazzuola. Arte, letteratura e festa nell’età della Maniera (Firenze: Olschki, 2008); Alison Brown, “Defining the Place of Academies in Florentine Cul- ture and Politics,” in The Italian Academies 1525–1700: Networks of Cul- ture, Innovation and Dissent, ed. J. E. Everson, D. V. Reidy, and L. Sampson (Oxford: Legenda, forthcoming). 23. Laura Riccò, “Introduzione,” in Scipione Bargagli, I Trattenimenti, ed. Laura Riccò (Rome: Salerno editrice 1989); Laura Riccò, La miniera accademica: Pedagogia, editoria, palcoscenico nella Siena del Cinquecento (Rome: Bulzoni, 2002). NOTES 185 24. Giuseppe Gabrieli, Contributi alla storia della Accademia dei Lincei, 2 vols. (Rome: Accademia dei Lincei, 1989). 25. Samuels, “Benedetto Varchi.” 26. Monica Miato, L’Accademia degli Incogniti di Giovan Francesco Loredan (Florence: Olschki, 1998). 27. Michel Plaisance, “Une Première affirmation de la politique culturelle de Côme Ier: La transformation de l’Académie des ‘Humidi’ en Académie Flo- rentine (1540– 1542),” in Les Ecrivains et le pouvoir en Italie a l’époque de la Renaissance, ed. André Rochon (Paris: Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, 1973), pp. 361– 438. 28. Maria Pia Donato, Accademie romane: Una storia sociale. 1671– 1824 (Napoli: Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 2000). 29. See Chapter 2 for a bibliography of studies on Venetian academies. 30. Curzio Mazzi, La Congrega dei Rozzi di Siena nel secolo XVI, 2 vols. (Florence: Successori Le Monnier, 1881). 31. Umberto Pirotti, Benedetto Varchi e la cultura del suo tempo (Florence: Olschki, 1971); Vanni Bramanti, ed., Benedetto Varchi. 1503– 1565 (Rome: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 2007). 32. Florindo Vincent Cerreta, Alessandro Piccolomini, letterato e filosofo senese del Cinquecento (Siena: Accademia Senese degli Intronati, 1960); Letizia Panizza, “Alessandro Piccolomini’s Mission: Philosophy for Men and Women in Their Mother Tongue,” in Vernacular Aristotle, ed. Simon Gilson (forthcoming). 33. Antonio Daniele, “Sperone Speroni,” in Filologia veneta. Lingua, letteratura e tradizioni, ed. Gianfranco Folena, 2 vols. (Padua: Editoriale programma, 1989), vol. 2. 34. Elizabeth See Watson, Achille Bocchi and the Emblem Book as Symbolic Form (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993). 35. Although it refers to a later period than the one analyzed here, see Ann Thomson and Simon Burrows, “Introduction,” in Cultural Transfers: France and Britain in the Long Eighteenth Century, ed. A. Thomson et al. (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 2010), pp. 1– 15, provides a methodological starting point. 36. J. Scott and G. Marshall, A Dictionary of Sociology, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 444. 37. Quoted in Linton C. Freeman, The Development of Social Network Analysis. A Study on the Sociology of Science (Vancouver: Empirical Press, 2004), p. 1. 38. Freeman, The Development, p. 2: “The kind of research that studies the links among the objects of study is called structural.” 39. Ibid. 40. J. E. Everson, D. V. Reidy, and L. Sampson, eds., The Italian Academies 1525–1700: Networks of Culture, Innovation and Dissent (Oxford: Legenda, forthcom- ing); Lorenza Gianfrancesco, Academies and the Urban Sphere in Early Mod- ern Naples (1590–1650) (forthcoming). 41. Freeman, The Development, p. 3. 186 NOTES 42. Ibid., p. 4. 43. “Social Movement,” Wikipedia, accessed July 17, 2013, http:// en .wikipedia .org/ wiki/ Social _movement #History. 44. Diani, “Networks and Social Movements,” p. 835. 45. Paul D. McLean, The Art of Network. Strategic Interaction and Patronage in Renaissance Florence (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007). 46. Donato, Accademie romane. 47. I am referring to the Post- Doctoral Multidisciplinary Research Workshop for the Max Weber Programme in the History and Civilization Depart- ment at the European University Institute: “History and the Social Sciences: Still a Dialogue of the Deaf?” (May 20, 2013), accessed November 5, 2014, http:// www .eui .eu/ ProgrammesAndFellowships/ MaxWeberProgramme/ Activities/ MRWAbstracts20122013 .aspx. 48. Carlo Dionisotti, Geografia e storia della letteratura italiana (Turin: Einaudi, 1967), first pub. in Italian Studies, 6 (1951): pp. 70– 93 (page numbers refer to journal article). 49. Sergio Luzzatto and Gabriele Pedullà, eds., Atlante della letteratura italiana, 3 vols. (Turin: Einaudi, 2010– 12). 50. Christine L. Borgmann, Big Data, Little Data, No Data: Scholarship in the Networked World (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015). 51. Patricia Cohen, “Humanities 2.0: A New Enlightenment: Digital Keys to the Humanities’ Riches,” New York Times, November 17, 2010, p. C1. 52. Cultures of Knowledge, “Networking the Republic of Letters (1550–1750),” accessed March 6, 2015, http://www .culturesofknowledge .org; Archilet, “Epistolary Network: Online Archive of Italian Literary Correspondences in