Aristolochiaceae – Birthwort Family

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ARISTOLOCHIACEAE – BIRTHWORT FAMILY Plant: herbs (perennial) or woody vines, sometimes shrubs, may be aromatic Stem: Root: Leaves: alternate, simple or basal; Large and heart-shaped without teeth, sometimes 3-lobed Flowers: perfect, irregular (zygomorphic); 3 sepals that are reddish-brown, purple or brown that form triangular flowers, or sometimes ‘S’-shaped or pipe- like; no petals; (5)6 or 12 stamens; ovary superior or inferior, 1 pistil, 4-6 carpels, 1 style, 3-6 stigmas; sometimes carrion-scented Fruit: capsules, 4-6 chambered, with seeds Other: wild ginger most common in this area, family most common in the tropics; Dicotyledons Group Genera: 5 genera; locally Hexastylis, Aristolochia, Asarum (wild ginger) WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive Flower Morphology in the Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort) Family) Genus Asarum Genus Aristolochia Flower pipe-like, climbing stem (woody) Flowers and stem from rhizome, flower regular Woolly [Pipe-Vine] Dutchman's Pipe Wild Ginger ARISTOLOCHIACEAE – BIRTHWORT FAMILY Woolly [Pipe-Vine] Dutchman's Pipe; Aristolochia tomentosa Sims [Canadian] Wild Ginger; Asarum canadense L. Woolly [Pipe-Vine] Dutchman's Pipe USDA Aristolochia tomentosa Sims Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort Family) Alley Springs, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri Notes: vine, woody at base; calyx (no petals) flower, ‘S’-shaped (like curved pipe), pale greenish yellow, hairy, purple inside; leaves entire, cordate; both stem and leaves downy hairy; fruit a 6- ribbed capsule; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2006] [Canadian] Wild Ginger USDA Asarum canadense L. Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: calyx flower (no petals), 3-lobed, reddish to purple-brown inside, solitary; 2 leaves, heart-shaped with cordate base, long petioles from rhizomes; no stems; root tastes and smells like ginger; spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2004].

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Wild Ginger, Asarum Spp
A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 27 June 2005 Wild Ginger, Asarum spp. There are 60-70 species of woodland perennials in the genus Asarum. These great foliage plants in the family Aristolochiaceae make excellent ground covers for shady sites. Their leaves vary considerably in texture, colors of green and patterning. They all need rich organic soil with plenty of moisture to thrive. Under favorable conditions they spread quickly and vigorously. Of these numerous species, European wild ginger, A. europaeum, and wild ginger, A. ca- nadense, are the most commonly available to Asarum europeaum has at- tractive glossy leaves. American gardeners. Both spread slowly to form dense colonies once established. The interest- ing but inconspicuous, dark brown, reddish or purple, bell-shaped fl owers are produced near the ground in spring, hidden by the leaves and blending in with The fl owers of wild gin- soil and leaf litter. ger, Asarum canadense, are small, dark-colored European Wild Ginger (A. europeaum) and hidden by the foliage. This elegant plant with glossy, dark green, nearly rounded leaves makes an excellent ground cover. Plants form neat clumps up to 6 inches high and remain evergreen where winters are not too harsh; in Wisconsin the leaves generally die back to the ground. The leaves are produced in pairs and the small, greenish-brown drooping fl owers are rarely noticed, being hidden by the foliage. This plant prefers part to full shade and rich, moist soil – but has done very well in my garden on clay soil with summer sun until about 2:00 p.m.
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An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials This page intentionally left blank An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials W. George Schmid Timber Press Portland • Cambridge All photographs are by the author unless otherwise noted. Copyright © 2002 by W. George Schmid. All rights reserved. Published in 2002 by Timber Press, Inc. Timber Press The Haseltine Building 2 Station Road 133 S.W. Second Avenue, Suite 450 Swavesey Portland, Oregon 97204, U.S.A. Cambridge CB4 5QJ, U.K. ISBN 0-88192-549-7 Printed in Hong Kong Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmid, Wolfram George. An encyclopedia of shade perennials / W. George Schmid. p. cm. ISBN 0-88192-549-7 1. Perennials—Encyclopedias. 2. Shade-tolerant plants—Encyclopedias. I. Title. SB434 .S297 2002 635.9′32′03—dc21 2002020456 I dedicate this book to the greatest treasure in my life, my family: Hildegarde, my wife, friend, and supporter for over half a century, and my children, Michael, Henry, Hildegarde, Wilhelmina, and Siegfried, who with their mates have given us ten grandchildren whose eyes not only see but also appreciate nature’s riches. Their combined love and encouragement made this book possible. This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword by Allan M. Armitage 9 Acknowledgments 10 Part 1. The Shady Garden 11 1. A Personal Outlook 13 2. Fated Shade 17 3. Practical Thoughts 27 4. Plants Assigned 45 Part 2. Perennials for the Shady Garden A–Z 55 Plant Sources 339 U.S. Department of Agriculture Hardiness Zone Map 342 Index of Plant Names 343 Color photographs follow page 176 7 This page intentionally left blank Foreword As I read George Schmid’s book, I am reminded that all gardeners are kindred in spirit and that— regardless of their roots or knowledge—the gardening they do and the gardens they create are always personal.
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1 Ecological, Morphological, Micromorphological And
1 ECOLOGICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, MICROMORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR ANALYSES OF THE SPECIES IN THE Hexastylis heterophylla COMPLEX. A Report to the NC Department of Transportation By ZACK E. MURRELL JAMES E. PADGETT EMILY L. GILLESPIE FALINA WILLIAMS Department of Biology Appalachian State University Boone, NC 28608 May 2007 NCDOT Project # 2002-04 Report # FHWA/NC/2004-01 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/NC/2004-01 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Ecological, Morphological, Micromorphological, and Molecular May 2007 Analyses of the Species in the Hexastylis Heterophylla Complex 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Zack E. Murrell, James E. Padgett, Emily L. Gillespie, Falina Williams 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Department of Biology Appalachian State University 572 Rivers Street 11. Contract or Grant No. Boone, NC 28608 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered North Carolina Department of Transportation Final Report Research and Analysis Group July 2001 – June 2003 1 South Wilmington Street 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Raleigh, North Carolina 27601 2002-04 Supplementary Notes: This project was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation and the North Carolina Department of Transportation, through the Center for Transportation and the Environment, NC State University. 16. Abstract Both Blomquist and Gaddy recognized a group of eight Hexastylis (commonly known as “Wild Gingers” or “Little Brown Jugs”) that are referred to as the Virginica Group. This group was further subdivided into the three Subgroups: Virginica, Shuttleworthii, and Heterophylla.
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Asarum Harperi : a New Combination for a Hexastylis (Aristolochiaceae) Taxon
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Developing New Morphological, Geographic, and Molecular Tools to Circumscribe Hexastylis Naniflora
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PHYLOGEOGRAPHICAL, ECOLOGICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, and MICROMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS of the SPECIES in the Hexastylis Heterophylla CO
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