SATURDAY, JULY 5 - SUNDAY, JULY 6 , 2014
Happy July 4th from The National Herald ! The National Herald
T H D E L N A AT ER IONAL H www.thenationalherald.com
THIS CELEBRATORY INSERT WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF : INVALUABLE SUPPORTER: Anonymous / George Marcus / Spiros & Amalia Spireas , Sigmapharm Laboratories
GRAND SUPP ORTER: George Behrakis / John Catsimatides / EYDAP / Aggeliki Frangou, Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. Ted and Erica Spyropoulos SUPPORTER: Nikos Andriotis / Merkourios Angeliades / Atlantic Bank of New York / Tom & Kathy Kourkoumelis, United Brothers Fruit Markets Inc. / Dr. Sotirios Vahaviolos, Mistras Group GOOD FRIEND: Kostas Antonopoulos / Ionian Management Inc. / Mount Sinai Hospital of Queens / Stephanos Tserpelis FRIEND: Anonymous / Dr. Anastasios Kassapidis / George Kitsios 2 4th of July Special THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014
201841/55 THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014 4th of July Special 3
Drs. Spiro & Amalia Spireas and Sigmapharm Laboratories
Wishing all a glorious 4th of July. Happy Independence Day.
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201520/11 4 4th of July Special THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014
The Rangos family dedicates this message to our troops…
As we celebrate the birth of our great nation, it is vital to remember the immense sacrifice of those who pledged their lives, fortunes and sacred honor to liberate us from colonial rule 238 years ago.
The Fathers of our country foresaw a future full of promise in a land where people could live, work and pursue their cultural way of life free from oppression of any kind, so the Fathers established a brilliant system of gov - ernment guaranteeing rights to all, regardless of race, color or creed.
We now find ourselves living in a more tolerant and just society because of their vision, which established the greatest democracy the world has ever known.
As Americans of Greek heritage, we feel an even greater sense of pride and satisfaction, precisely because democ - racy was born in Greece centuries ago, and also because those democratic ideals are still guiding principles for Western Civilization today.
The free world, for which America continues to be the great beacon of light, remains indebted to Greece not only for Greek genius, but also for Greek valor.
The blood of our ancestors – which they spilled while liberating themselves from Ottoman tyranny in 1821, and which they shed time and time again to advance the cause of freedom in the First and Second World Wars – has helped water the rich soil of freedom far beyond the borders of Greece, and their sacrifice spans the spectrum of time.
So as we celebrate Independence Day this year, let us be mindful of our forbears and their genius – and their sacrifice on the field of battle – and let us also pray for the safety and wellbeing of American troops, who keep us safe from terror and guard our precious freedoms with their vigilant courage, and all too often with their very lives.
The Rangos family wishes every American, along with the National Herald, a Happy 4th of July.
The Rangos Foundation actively supports various institutions and programs which benefit education, healthcare and humanitarian causes all over the world
ENRICHING MINDS Duquesne University - The Rangos School of Health Sciences Carnegie Mellon University - CMU Information Networking Institute Cooperative Exchange with Athens Institute of Technology Carnegie Science Center - The Rangos Omnimax Theater
ADVANCING HEALTHCARE Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh - The John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center and John G. Rangos - Massimo Trucco Diabetes Center Johns Hopkins University - The John G. Rangos Sr. Life Sciences Building and the John G. Rangos Sr. Professorship of Adult Medicine
ENHANCING LIVES AND PRESERVING HISTORY IOCC - International Orthodox Christian Charities Congressional Medal of Honor Society - CMOH Foundation 201846/35 THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014 4th of July Special 5
The Founders of FAITH salute and celebrate the citizens and heroes of the United States of America for their courage and heroism in promoting and preserving freedom and democracy in our great Nation.
BEST WISHES FOR A HAPPY INDEPENDENCE DAY
Faith: An Endowment for Orthodoxy and Hellenism supports the development of innovative educational, cultural, and scholarship programs that promote an understanding of the Orthodox faith, Hellenism, and the relationship of the two to America’s history and multicultural landscape. By promoting education and excellence through Hellenism and Orthodoxy to the young people and bright stars of our community, the potential for a positive impact on the future of the community and our country is tremendous:
FAITH Birthright Hellas Scholarship Program, we provide financial scholarships for young people to travel to Greece through Ionian Village. FAITH Scholarships for Academic Excellence Programs challenge young talented and intelligent Greek Americans to attain (and sustain) excellence by offering several college scholarships. This year special consideration will be given to high school students pursuing their college studies in the S.T.E.M fields. Ta Ellinika Mou, a series of new textbooks developed to enrich Greek language instruction in the classrooms of Greek Language programs, enhances the learning experience for our youngest children and their teachers FAITH-Fulbright Foundation of Greece Scholarship Program encourages international educational exchanges and scholarly collaboration among scholars and institutions between the United States of America and Greece and more…
For more information, please visit our website: www.faithendowment.org
3169/xx 6 4th of July Special THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014
The National Herald A Greek Fourth - Jefferson in Athens
A weekly publication of the By Sophia S. Huling NATIONAL HERALD, INC. her traveling companion, Jeanne, as she proclaimed (ΕΘΝΙΚΟΣ ΚΗΡΥΞ), one of the most enduring statements in the English reporting the news and How does an American celebrate the Fourth of July language from Thomas Jefferson’s masterpiece. addressing the issues of away from home? “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all In the birthplace of democracy, of course. men are created equal, that they are endowed by their paramount interest to the Greek On the last day of a three-week, post-college Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among American community of the European vacation – which just happened to be July these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,” United States of America. 4, 2011 – two red-white-and-blue-clad American read Jeanne. women thought it only appropriate to stand before Courtney and Jeanne punctuated their tribute with Publisher-Editor the ancient Agora in Athens and read the famous a reverent rendition of “America the Beautiful,” and Antonis H. Diamataris document it inspired: the Declaration of followed it up with a toast to their country with a pair Assistant to Publisher, Advertising Independence. of very American – or should we say Greek – cans of Veta H. Diamataris Amid the rumble of motorcycles and casual Greek “Coca-Cola Light.” street conversations, under the blazing Greek sun and Jeanne reads the Declaration of Independence in Papadopoulos the timeless peaks of the Acropolis, Courtney filmed To America! front of Athens’ ancient Agora Special Section Editor Sophia Stratakis Huling Production Manager Chrysoula Karametros Marketing & Design Director I Pledge Allegiance… to the Serapis Flag… Anna Angelidakis
37-10 30th Street of the United States of America LIC, NY 11101-2614 Tel: (718)784-5255 Fax: (718)472-0510, By Constantinos E. Scaros e-mail: phones, Jones and [email protected] other fighters in the A beautiful alternative field, or sea, of battle, Democritou 1 and Academias Sts, version of “Stars and Stripes” thousands of miles Athens, 10671, Greece or “Old Glory,” the names we from home, didn’t get Tel: 011.30.210.3614.598 Americans lovingly give to the the memo. Fax: 011.30.210.3643.776 more traditional version of our What did the e-mail: [email protected] country’s flag, is known as the American flag look Serapis Flag. It is also like, Jones and his sometimes called the John Paul men wondered. Based Jones Flag, named after the on a description given naval commander whose sea by Franklin and John battle necessitated its creation, Adams to the or the Franklin Flag, named Ambassador of Naples after a description by Benjamin (now a city in Italy, Franklin of what the American but which did not flag looks like, on which the become reunited with Serapis Flag was based. that country until While even many among almost a century later, the most ardent American in 1861): “the flag of patriots know nothing about the United States of this version of the flag, a quote America consists of from with the Battle of thirteen stripes, Flamborough Head, which alternately red, white, resulted in its creation, is far and blue; a small more likely to strike a familiar square in the upper chord: “I have not even begun angle, next the to fight!” flagstaff, is a blue Those were the words field, with thirteen uttered by Captain Jones, from white stars, denoting aboard his ship, the a new constellation.” Bonhomme Richard, in If you find yourself at sea fighting for your country, and your life, as John Paul Jones did in 1779, and And that’s exactly response to British taunts while you need an American flag in a jiffy, it might turn out to look like this one! what the Jones crew battling on the North Sea off created. In they sailed the coast of Yorkshire against into the sunset and live happily There were battles on the high a flag, lest he be considered a with the Serapis to Holland, the British Fleet, led by a vessel ever after. seas, too. pirate illegally commandeering with the “American Flag” called the Serapis, in 1779, in Years of war ensued, until After Captain Jones was a ship! denoting the ship was captured the midst of the American the British finally decided that able to prevail against the The American flag we in battle and belonged to the Revolutionary War. holding on to the Colonies was British, with his own main ship commonly associate with those United States. Perfunctory American more trouble than it was destroyed, he boarded the times, the one that looks like It is a flag still created and history lessons often neglect to worth, and officially gave up Serapis and took command of our current version except for distributed, symbolic of the point out that upon declaring the fight in 1783. it. the 13 stars in a circle in the American spirit of never giving their independence from the The Flamborough Battle Planning to sail it safely to upper left-hand- corner, had up, epitomized by Jones’ British Empire on July 4, 1776, also depicts that the fighting shore in Holland, a neutral been officially adopted two words, when it appeared that the Colonies-turned-United was not limited to Lexington, nation that would accept it, years earlier. But in a world he would lose the battle: “I States did not simply ride off Concord, and Bunker Hill. Jones realized that he needed without the Internet or smart have not even begun to fight!”
Happy 4th of July!
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200581/55 a THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014 4th of July Special 7 4 2 / 9 9 6 1 0 2 8 4th of July Special THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014 The Declaration of Independence: A Transcription
IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776. He has forbidden his Gover - peated injury. A Prince whose The unanimous Declaration of nors to pass Laws of immediate character is thus marked by every the thirteen united States of and pressing importance, unless act which may define a Tyrant, America, suspended in their operation till is unfit to be the ruler of a free When in the Course of human his Assent should be obtained; people. events, it becomes necessary for and when so suspended, he has Nor have we been wanting in one people to dissolve the politi - utterly neglected to attend to attentions to our British brethren. cal bands which have connected them. We have warned them from time them with another, and to as - He has refused to pass other to time of attempts by their leg - sume among the powers of the Laws for the accommodation of islature to extend an unwar - earth, the separate and equal sta - large districts of people, unless rantable jurisdiction over us. We tion to which the Laws of Nature those people would relinquish have reminded them of the cir - and of Nature's God entitle them, the right of Representation in the cumstances of our emigration a decent respect to the opinions Legislature, a right inestimable and settlement here. We have ap - of mankind requires that they to them and formidable to tyrants pealed to their native justice and should declare the causes which only. magnanimity, and we have con - impel them to the separation. He has called together legisla - jured them by the ties of our We hold these truths to be tive bodies at places unusual, un - common kindred to disavow self-evident, that all men are cre - comfortable, and distant from the these usurpations, which, would ated equal, that they are en - depository of their public inevitably interrupt our connec - dowed by their Creator with cer - Records, for the sole purpose of tions and correspondence. They tain unalienable Rights, that fatiguing them into compliance too have been deaf to the voice among these are Life, Liberty and with his measures. of justice and of consanguinity. the pursuit of Happiness. – That He has dissolved Representa - We must, therefore, acquiesce in to secure these rights, Govern - tive Houses repeatedly, for op - the necessity, which denounces ments are instituted among Men, posing with manly firmness his our Separation, and hold them, deriving their just powers from invasions on the rights of the peo - as we hold the rest of mankind, the consent of the governed, - ple. Enemies in War, in Peace Friends. That whenever any Form of Gov - He has refused for a long We, therefore, the Represen - ernment becomes destructive of time, after such dissolutions, to tatives of the united States of these ends, it is the Right of the cause others to be elected; America, in General Congress, People to alter or to abolish it, whereby the Legislative powers, Assembled, appealing to the and to institute new Government, incapable of Annihilation, have Supreme Judge of the world for laying its foundation on such returned to the People at large the rectitude of our intentions, principles and organizing its for their exercise; the State re - do, in the Name, and by Author - powers in such form, as to them maining in the mean time ex - ity of the good People of these shall seem most likely to effect posed to all the dangers of inva - Colonies, solemnly publish and their Safety and Happiness. Pru - sion from without, and declare, That these United dence, indeed, will dictate that convulsions within. Colonies are, and of Right ought Governments long established He has endeavoured to pre - to be Free and Independent should not be changed for light vent the population of these States; that they are Absolved and transient causes; and accord - States; for that purpose obstruct - from all Allegiance to the British ingly all experience hath shewn, ing the Laws for Naturalization Crown, and that all political con - that mankind are more disposed of Foreigners; refusing to pass nection between them and the to suffer, while evils are suffer - others to encourage their migra - State of Great Britain, is and able, than to right themselves by tions hither, and raising the con - ought to be totally dissolved; and abolishing the forms to which ditions of new Appropriations of that as Free and Independent they are accustomed. But when Lands. acknowledged by our laws; giv - render it at once an example and ready begun with circumstances States, they have full Power to a long train of abuses and He has obstructed the Admin - ing his Assent to their Acts of pre - fit instrument for introducing the of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely par - levy War, conclude Peace, con - usurpations, pursuing invariably istration of Justice, by refusing tended Legislation: same absolute rule into these alleled in the most barbarous tract Alliances, establish Com - the same Object evinces a design his Assent to Laws for establish - For Quartering large bodies of Colonies: ages, and totally unworthy the merce, and to do all other Acts to reduce them under absolute ing Judiciary powers. armed troops among us: For taking away our Charters, Head of a civilized nation. and Things which Independent Despotism, it is their right, it is He has made Judges depen - For protecting them, by a abolishing our most valuable He has constrained our fellow States may of right do. And for their duty, to throw off such Gov - dent on his Will alone, for the mock Trial, from punishment for Laws, and altering fundamentally Citizens taken Captive on the the support of this Declaration, ernment, and to provide new tenure of their offices, and the any Murders which they should the Forms of our Governments: high Seas to bear Arms against with a firm reliance on the pro - Guards for their future security. amount and payment of their commit on the Inhabitants of For suspending our own Leg - their Country, to become the ex - tection of divine Providence, we – Such has been the patient suf - salaries. these States: islatures, and declaring them - ecutioners of their friends and mutually pledge to each other ferance of these Colonies; and He has erected a multitude of For cutting off our Trade with selves invested with power to leg - Brethren, or to fall themselves by our Lives, our Fortunes and our such is now the necessity which New Offices, and sent hither all parts of the world: islate for us in all cases their Hands. sacred Honor. constrains them to alter their for - swarms of Officers to harrass our For imposing Taxes on us whatsoever. He has excited domestic in - mer Systems of Government. The people, and eat out their sub - without our Consent: He has abdicated Government surrections amongst us, and has The 56 signatures on the De - history of the present King of stance. For depriving us in many here, by declaring us out of his endeavoured to bring on the in - claration appear in the positions Great Britain is a history of re - He has kept among us, in cases, of the benefits of Trial by Protection and waging War habitants of our frontiers, the indicated: peated injuries and usurpations, times of peace, Standing Armies Jury: against us. merciless Indian Savages, whose Column 1 all having in direct object the es - without the Consent of our legis - For transporting us beyond He has plundered our seas, known rule of warfare, is an Georgia: tablishment of an absolute latures. Seas to be tried for pretended of - ravaged our Coasts, burnt our undistinguished destruction of all Button Gwinnett Tyranny over these States. To He has affected to render the fences towns, and destroyed the lives of ages, sexes and conditions. Lyman Hall prove this, let Facts be submitted Military independent of and su - For abolishing the free System our people. In every stage of these Op - George Walton to a candid world. perior to the Civil power. of English Laws in a neighbour - He is at this time transporting pressions We have Petitioned for Column 2 He has refused his Assent to He has combined with others ing Province, establishing therein large Armies of foreign Merce - Redress in the most humble North Carolina: Laws, the most wholesome and to subject us to a jurisdiction for - an Arbitrary government, and en - naries to compleat the works of terms: Our repeated Petitions necessary for the public good. eign to our constitution, and un - larging its Boundaries so as to death, desolation and tyranny, al - have been answered only by re - Continued on page 13
On the Occasion of the 4TH OF JULY our thoughts are with the pioneers who founded our community, the hardships that they overcame and the progress we have all made.
38-08 Ditmars Blvd. * Astoria, NY 11105 • (718) 728-8500 ΚΩΣΤΑΣ ΑΝΤΩΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ OWNER, FUNERAL DIRECTOR THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014 4th of July Special 9
JOHN, MARGO, YIANNI CATSIMATIDIS AND CHRISTOPHER NIXON COX & ANDREA b To our beloved country
a with gratitude, respect and admiration for the freedom, opportunities, values and ideas God Bless America !
3537/111 10 4th of July Special THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014 American Presidents Who Spoke Greek
By Constantinos E. Scaros
Ask most Americans to name all 43 individuals who have been president of the United States (there are “44 presidents” under the Constitution, but Grover Cleveland counts twice because he was elected to non- consecutive terms) and they might get stuck after rattling off about 10 or 15 of them. “Washington, Lincoln, Adams, Jefferson, the two Roo - sevelts, the two Bushes, Kennedy, Truman, Reagan, Clin - ton, ummm, Eisenhower...oh yeah, Obama, he’s president now…Benjamin Franklin, was he president? I’m not sure…oh Nixon! How could I forget him, and…umm…” Few would utter the names Rutherford Birchard Hayes, James Abram Garfield, or Chester Alan Arthur. But those three, in addition to the better- known John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison, and the relatively obscure John Quincy Adams (John Adams’ son), John Tyler, James Polk, and James Buchanan, share at least one common distinction besides having occupied the White House: they were all flu - ent in Greek. Garfield, in fact, who also knew Latin, had the amazing ability to read (or hear) a pas - sage in English, and translate it into Greek with one hand, and Latin with the other hand, si - multaneously! He and John Adams also taught the Greek language. After Garfield was assassi - nated in 1881, his vice presi - dent, Arthur, became president. Arthur, who did not seek elec - tion to his own term and left the White House in early 1885 after serving out Garfield’s term, was the last U.S. president who was fluent in Greek. The Greek-speaking presidents: The consecutive Adams-Jef - Top Row: (L-R 2, 3, 4, 6): John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Quincy Adams. ferson-Madison and later Hayes- Second Row (L-R, 1, 2, 6): John Tyler, James Polk, James Buchanan. Garfield-Arthur presidencies Third Row: (L-R, 1, 2, 3): Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur. marked the two instances in our nation’s history when three chief executives in a row spoke Greek. It is not surprising, given those to Latin (13 presidents). Also, three presidents often con - president under the Constitu - speaks Spanish. But George time and again while practicing times – because most Americans Interestingly, some of Amer - sidered worldly either because tion, is the only one who H.W. (the father), who doesn’t the speech, the speechwriter seeking higher education were ica’s most revered presidents, of of their mastery of foreign af - learned English as a second lan - speak any foreign language, simply attributed those quotes required to know Greek and modern times and of all time, fairs or their affinity for other guage – he grew up in New once gave a speech while vice to “Plato.” As classics scholar Latin. It is also not surprising, did not speak any foreign lan - cultures – John F. Kennedy, York, speaking Dutch. president, for which his speech - Tracy Lee Simmons described, then, that of all foreign lan - guage: they include George Richard Nixon, and Barack Lastly, there are the Bushes. writer had inserted quotes from the thinking was: one dead guages spoken by any presi - Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Obama – also never learned a George W. (the son), whose in - Thucydides. But after the elder Greek was as good as another, dents, Greek is the second-most Harry Truman, Dwight Eisen - second language. tellectual rigor, if not outright Bush struggled pronouncing the and who would know the dif - common (10 presidents), next hower, and Ronald Reagan. Martin Van Buren, the eighth intelligence, is often mocked, Ancient Greek historian’s name ference?
Happy 4th of July THE LAW OFFICES OF HARRY PAUL MANESIS
224 West 30th Street, Room 803, New York, NY 10001 b Tel.: (212) 947-8710 • Fax: (212) 564-2543 a 3443/ 2 THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014 4th of July Special 11 A Greek Heroine
for the Fourth of July Federation of Hellenic Medical Societies By Sophia S. Huling In a 2003 interview with the TNH Staff Writer Chicago Tribune, Janus, then of North America 92, spoke about his family. A little-known novel by a "She couldn't understand Greek-American writer tells the how in this great country there amazing true story of a young could be a Ku Klux Klan," Janus Greek immigrant to the United told the Tribune. The commu - States who is honored by her nity "voted her Miss 4th of July. new community as the personi - Unfortunately, that was the time fication of all that the Fourth of of the great flu epidemic. My fa - July symbolizes. ther, my brother and my sister Christopher Xenopoulos all died within three months." Janus (1911-2009) wrote “Miss According to the Tribune, Fourth of July, Goodbye” in 1986 Janus, author of 10 books, grad - (reprinted 1990), the true story uated from Oxford University of Niki, the elder sister he never and wrote for publications in - Spyros G.E. Mezitis , M.D., Ph.D. met, who, with her family, emi - cluding the former Chicago President grated to Montgomery, Fayette Daily News. He served as an in - County, West Virginia from telligence officer during World Greece during World War I. War II and helped with Greek A review by Publishers sults from some of her peers. post-war relief efforts. America's Independence Day Weekly, reads: “In his poignant Ambivalence wracks the girl, for In 1988, The Disney Channel first novel, Janus (co-author of though she relishes America's produced a film version called is the Celebration of Freedom The Search for Peking Man) liberated social ways, prejudice “Goodbye, Miss Fourth of July,” uses the epistolary form to pre - repels her. Despite these tor - starring the Greek-American ac - and Human Dignity. sent a fictional story based on ments, Niki doggedly retains her tor and West Virginia native the experiences of his teenage dignity and wins acceptance by Chris Sarandon as Niki’s father, sister Niki, who emigrated from being named the town’s “Miss George, Chantal Contouri as her Greece to Montgomery, West Fourth of July,” just before an - mother, Olymbia, Roxana Zal as This Annual Holiday reminds us of the Virginia in 1917. In letters to other crisis confronts her. Janus the teenage Niki, and Louis Gos - her grandfather, Niki describes movingly communicates Niki's sett Jr. as Big John Creed, the ideals and values, including Democracy, her jubilation upon arrival, but winsome youth and integrity, as African-American Niki be - disillusionment soon diminishes well as the injustice of discrimi - friends. It was released in VHS Academia, Philanthropy which the her glee. Although most of the nation.” and on DVD in 1993 (according town's residents are upstanding, An anonymous reviewer on to the film website RottenToma - United States and Greece share. the Ku Klux Klan persecutes Amazon.com calls the novel toes). The Disney Channel blacks, Jews and foreigners. Be - “comparable to ‘The Diary of sometimes airs it on the Fourth cause of their nationality and Anne Frank’ and ‘The Color Pur - of July. Niki's outspokenness, the Janus ple’.” Reviews of the film version This relationship is further strengthened family is also harassed. A cross “Miss Fourth of July, Good - include this one on Amazon, is burned on their lawn; a rock bye” is available used from "’Goodbye, Miss 4th of July’ is by the success and patriotism of the bearing a threatening note shat - Barnes and Noble and Amazon the inspiring true-life drama of ters a window; Niki endures in - in very limited quantities. 17-year-old Niki Janus. After Hellenic American Community. fleeing persecution in Greece, Niki and her family immigrate to West Virginia and begin living the American Dream. Among Greece derives strength from the active their friends is Big John Creed, a wise and helpful handyman. But Niki's friendship with him support of Hellenic American organiza - and her belief in freedom un - wittingly bring the wrath of the tions and individuals. Ku Klux Klan to her very doorstep. Full of courage and passion, Niki challenges the powerful Klan and, at the same The members of the Federation time, must overcome her own fears to help the townspeople of Hellenic Medical Societies survive a horrible flu epidemic. Also starring Academy Award of North America nominee Chris Sarandon.” The film is available on VHS wish everyone in very limited quantities from Amazon. The film website Rot - a Happy Fourth of July Holiday! ten Tomatoes states it was re - leased on DVD in 1993. Look for Chris Sarandon as George Janus and Roxana Zal as his daugh - it to possibly run on the Disney ter Niki in “Goodbye, Miss Fourth of July” Channel on July 4. 200855/93
602046/66 12 4th of July Special THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014 The Influence of Greek Ideals and Culture in Writing the American Constitution
By Demetrios J. ter the Constitutional Conven - Constantelos tion of 1787 in Philadelphia. On the basis of a common core of (Editor’s note: The following classical learning, the Founding is a brief excerpt from Rev. Dr. Fathers in their debates ap - Demetrios J. Constantelos’ essay pealed to classical antiquity for “Thomas Jefferson and the In - lessons and guidance. The Fed - fluence of Greek Ideals and Cul - eralist Papers reveal that the ture in Writing the American Founding Fathers were well- Constitution.”) read in the classics, and some of them knew Greek and Latin. First, some introductory re - marks on the classics, philhel - lenism, and the founders of the on the importance of “logos,” American republic. The defeat thinking right and speaking log - of the British in 1781 at York - ically; Plato’s belief in dialogue, town ended the military phase the principle that it is better to of the American War of Inde - find ways to talk with each pendence, and the Treaty of other than be left talking about Paris of 1783 officially gave or against each other; Aristotle’s birth to a new nation. But one verdict that “ptocheia,” poverty, or 13 nations? Even before the is the greatest defect of democ - Declaration of Independence, racy and the cause of civil wars leaders of the 13 colonies real - and social conflicts; St. Paul’s ized the necessity for a common teaching that “pistis,” faith, is constitution and an effective ad - trust, conviction, and persuasion ministration, which would unite – all were ancient Greek ideals the 13 states into one. and principles, which became But what type of constitu - very dear to the Founding Fa - tion? What form of govern - thers of the young American na - ment? An Athenian type of di - tion. rect democracy, or Roman Christian Hellenism – republicanism? Carthaginian “Byzantion” – too, made its con - aristocracy, or Spartan mixed tributions to the ideology of the democracy? What happens if in American republic. For example, adopting an Athenian type of Patriach Photios’ teaching that democracy, it breaks down and the basis of lawful government leads to a civil war, as happened is the consent and the goodwill in the Golden Age of Athens? of the subjects had found fertile And what kind of guarantees are ground in Western European po - there to safeguard Roman re - litical philosophy, and by way of publicanism from breaking England it had reached the down into military dictatorships American colonies. and imperialism as it did in the The Greek classical concept Roman republic during the first of statesmanship had been re - century before Christ? Plato and Aristotle, Herodotos cero and Tacitus served as Greek and Latin were sys - the young American republic. vived by St. Photios in the ninth These and other similar ques - and Thucydides, Polybios and sources for the drawing of par - tematically taught in the nine For Dickinson, Sparta produced century, and subsequently it ex - tions were raised before and af - Plutarch, Sallust and Livy, Ci - allels and lessons. colonial colleges: from Harvard, “as brave and as free a people erted a profound influence on Dartmouth, Brown and Yale in as ever existed.” And Otis, ar - the development of political the north to King’s College (Co - ticulating the prevailing opinion thought from the age of the Re - lumbia), Queen’s College (Rut - in the colonies, said, “Greece naissance to the age of Enlight - gers), College of New Jersey was a better mother of colonies enment in Western European (Princeton) and Pennsylvania in than Rome which dominated states and in the United States. the center, to William and Mary hers overbearingly and brutally.” St. Photios’ views are echoed in in the south. The constitutional thought Thomas Jefferson’s proclama - For some 30 years in partic - and legal practices of Solon of tion of independence that “gov - ular, between 1760 and 1790, Athens and Lycourgos of Sparta, ernments are instituted among the Greek and Latin classics en - as well as the experiences of men deriving their just powers joyed a great popularity in the Carthage and Rome were stud - from the consent of the gov - 13 states. Writing in 1765, the ied and served as the back - erned.” Bostonian John Adams advised, ground to the mixed constitu - Thus, philhellenism became “Let us study…the history of the tion that was ultimately adopted a matter of sympathy and em - ancient ages; contemplate the by the Founding Fathers. pathy not only for the struggling AGORA PLAZA great examples of Greece and The debates on federalism, Greeks who revolted in 1821 to 23-18 31 ST STREET Rome…” For Adams, “the re - too, paid much attention to the free themselves from the Ot - ASTORIA, NY 11105 publics of Greece and Rome strengths and weaknesses of toman Turkish rule, but also for were the seats of liberty:” In a Greek leagues such as the Aeto - their language and literature, Tel.: 718-728-8484 • Fax: 718-728-0066 letter to the Marquis de lian, the Achaean, the Lycian art and architecture. Hellenism Lafayette, he adds, “Two repub - and the Amphictyonic council. became a state of mind, a point www.artopolis.net • e-mail:[email protected] lican powers, Athens and Rome, For James Wilson, the Amphic - of view, a departure from and FREE PARKING AVAILABLE have done more honor to our tyonic Council was “the Con - adoption of political and social species (humanity) than all the gress of the United States of philosophy to the extent that “I like to see a man proud of the place in rest of it. A new country can be Greece: a proper model for the Hellenism, its ideals and princi - planted only by such govern - American Congress.” ples, became components of the which he lives. I like to see a man live ment.” Overwhelming evidence con - American ethos, a common her - so that his place will be proud of him” Though Adams admired both firms that there were many phil - itage of us all. Athens and Rome, he judged hellenes in the colonial, revolu - Abraham Lincoln Sparta’s constitution to be a tionary, and early national Rev. Demetrios J. Constantelos, model for the new nation. period of the United States. Hel - Ph.D. is a retired priest of the Sparta for him was a model of lenism became popular because Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of freedom and order, a stable, of the values it had emphasized, the United States, and a distin - long-lived commonwealth, its because of the constitutions it guished scholar and professor people distinguished by virtue, had made. Solon’s teachings of Eastern Orthodoxy, history, simple lifestyle, patriotism, about “isonomia,” equality un - and philosophy with numerous vigor. For others, such as John der the law; Kleisthenes’ con - books, essays, and reviews to Dickinson, James Otis, and cept of “democratia” as power his name. He is a professor James Madison, ancient Greece that resides with the “demos,” emeritus at Richard Stockton presented better examples for the people; Socrates’ emphasis College in Pomona, N.J.
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201839/18 3167/ 46 THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014 4th of July Special 13 Declaration of Independence: A Transcription
Continued from page 8
William Hooper Joseph Hewes John Penn
South Carolina: Edward Rutledge Thomas Heyward, Jr. Thomas Lynch, Jr. Arthur Middleton
Column 3 Massachusetts: John Hancock
Maryland: Samuel Chase William Paca Thomas Stone Charles Carroll of Carrollton
Virginia: George Wythe Richard Henry Lee Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Harrison Thomas Nelson, Jr. Francis Lightfoot Lee Carter Braxton
Column 4 Pennsylvania: Robert Morris Benjamin Rush Benjamin Franklin John Morton George Clymer James Smith George Taylor James Wilson George Ross
Delaware: Caesar Rodney George Read Thomas McKean Column 5 New York: William Floyd Philip Livingston Francis Lewis Lewis Morris
New Jersey: Richard Stockton John Witherspoon Francis Hopkinson John Hart Abraham Clark
Column 6
New Hampshire: Josiah Bartlett William Whipple Massachusetts: Samuel Adams John Adams Robert Treat Paine Elbridge Gerry
Rhode Island: Stephen Hopkins William Ellery
Connecticut: Roger Sherman Samuel Huntington William Williams Oliver Wolcott
New Hampshire: Matthew Thornton 14 4th of July Special THE NATIONAL HERALD, JULY 5, 2014
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“My God! How little do my countrymen know what presious blessing they are in possession of, and which no other people on earth enjoy!” Thomas Jefferson
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