New Mineral Names*
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Brabantite Cath(PO4)2 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Brabantite CaTh(PO4)2 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic; partially metamict. Point Group: 2/m. Crystals are elongated, in crystalline aggregates, to 1.5 cm; fine granular, massive. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {100} and {001}. Hardness = ∼5 D(meas.) = 4.72– 5.02 (after heating to 900 ◦C); 5.20 D(calc.) = 5.26 Radioactive. Optical Properties: Semitransparent. Color: Grayish brown to reddish brown on rims, pale yellow, brownish green; brown-gray in thin section. Luster: Dull, greasy. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). α = 1.691 β = 1.696–1.73 γ = 1.725 2V(meas.) = 44◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/n. a = 6.726(6) b = 6.933(5) c = 6.447(12) β = 103◦53(16)0 Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Brabant Farm, Namibia; close to monazite. 3.06 (100), 2.85 (75), 3.26 (70), 4.15 (30), 1.947 (30), 3.46 (25), 2.14 (25) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) UO3 0.29 (Ce, Y)2O3 3.05 P2O5 27.68 28.78 30.72 Fe2O3 0.05 0.66 SiO2 2.27 1.60 MnO 0.32 UO2 1.23 MgO 0.56 trace TiO2 0.12 CaO 11.94 13.33 12.14 ThO2 52.65 51.12 57.14 H2O 3.07 Al2O3 0.74 Total 99.28 100.18 100.00 (1) Brabant Farm, Namibia; after deduction of H2O from admixed brockite, corresponds to (Ca1.00Mg0.06Mn0.02)Σ=1.08(Th0.94Al0.07)Σ=1.01[(P0.92Si0.09)Σ=1.01O4]2. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Geology and Description of Thorium and Rare-Earth Deposits in the Southern Bear Lodge Mountains, Northeastern Wyoming
l^ft PER COVER PHOTOGRAPHS 1 . Asbestos ore 8. Aluminum ore, bauxite, Georgia 1 2 3 4 2. Lead ore, Balmat mine, N. Y. 9. Native copper ore, Keweenawan 5 6 3. Chromite-chromium ore, Washington Peninsula, Mich. 4. Zinc ore, Friedensville, Pa. 10. Porphyry molybdenum ore, Colorado 7 8 5. Banded iron-formation. Palmer, 11. Zinc ore, Edward, N. Y. Michigan 12. Manganese nodules, ocean floor 9 10 6. Ribbon asbestos ore, Quebec, Canada 13. Botryoidal fluorite ore, 11 12 13 14 7. Manganese ore, banded Poncha Springs, Colo. rhodochrosite 14. Tungsten ore. North Carolina Geology and Description of Thorium and Rare-Earth Deposits in the Southern Bear Lodge Mountains, Northeastern Wyoming By MORTIMER H. STAATZ GEOLOGY AND RESOURCES OF THORIUM IN THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1049-D A description of the size, mineralogy, chemical composition, economic geology, and geologic setting of the thorium and rare-earth veins and newly discovered large disseminated deposits UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, W AS H I NGTON : 1 983 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR JAMES G. WATT, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Staatz, Mortimer Hay, 1918- Geology and description of thorium and rare-earth deposits in the southern Bear Lodge Mountains, northeastern Wyoming (Geological Survey Professional Paper 1049-D) Bibliography: 52 p. Supt. of Docs. No.: I 19.16:1049-D 1. Thorium ores Wyoming Bear Lodge Mountains. 2. Earth, Rare Wyoming Bear Lodge Mountains. I. Title. II. Series. III. Series: Geological Survey Professional Paper 1049-D QE390.2.T45S73 553.4'93 81-607092 AACR2 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. -
New Mineral Names*
American Mineralogist, Volume 66, pages 878-879, 1981 NEW MINERAL NAMES* MtcHaer FrprscuBR. G. Y. Crno AND CARL A. FRnNcrs Almbosite Brabantite* P. Ramdohr and G. Cevales(1980) A uranium deposit altered by Rose, D. (1980) Brabantite, CaTh[POal2'& rr€w mineral of the contact with igneous rocks. Mineralium Deposita 15, 383-390 monazitc group. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Monatsh., no.6 247-257. (in German). Wet chemical analysis of an impure sample gave CaO 11.94, The deposit is in Permian sandstones adjacent to the gran- MgO 0.56,MnO 0.32,iJ2O3 0.74, Fe2O3 0.05, ThO2 52.65,P2O5 odiorite-tonalite of the Adanello pluton. The mineral occurs in 27.68, SiO, 2.27, H2O 3.07, X : 99.28Vo.From DTA and TGA contact silicates, mainly epidote. Microprobe analysis of a fresh, studies the H2O was attributed to admixed brockite. Recalculated bluish-reflectinggrain gave Fe 41.1,V 16.6,Si 6.9, O 35.3; "cor- to l00%o,this yields the empirical formula (Ca1666Mg666t rectedvalues" (not explained)Fe 41.9,V 16.3,Si 6.9, O 34.8,cor- Mn3t2rAb.o68Fe3tor)r,rrThqe(P, erzSb.rrr)z.66eOscorresponding responding to FeeVaSi3O2,or 5FeO .2Fe2O1.2V2Os. 3SiO2. to the ideal formula CaTh[POo]r.The structural analogy to motr- Cleavage cubic. Color, variable blue. Reflectance variable; inter- azite is establishedby infrared spectraand X-ray powder patterns. nal reflections sometimes observed. Brabantiteis monoclinic, P21with Z :2. Gttiilet photographs The name is for the localitv. the Almhiitte Bos. yield lattice parameters (unheated and heated) a : 6.726r-0.O06, 6.718t0.004;D : 6.933t0.005;6.916t0.003; c : 6.447t0.012, Discusion 6.42t0.N9 A; F : 103'53'+I 6', 103"46' +l l'. -
New Mineral Names*
American Mineralogist, Volume 70, pages 436441, 1985 NEW MINERAL NAMES* Pnre J. DUNN, Volxrn Gosrl, Jonr, D. Gnrce, hcnr Puzrw,ncz Jauns E. Smcrnv, Devro A. VlNro, ANDJANET Zttcznx Bergslagite* (OH)n.oo.10.66HrO. Determination of the exact water content the discoveryof better S. Hansen.L. Felth, and O. Johnsen(1984) Bergslagite, a mineral and its structural role in eggletoniteawaits with tetrahedral berylloarsenatesheet anions. Zeitschrift liir material. Kristallographie,166, 73-80. Precessionand WeissenbergX-ray study showsthe mineral to : S. Hansen,L. Felth, O. V. Petersen,and O. Johnsen(1984) Berg- be monoclinic, space grotp l2la or Ia; unit c.ell a 5.554 : : : : slagite,a new mineral speciesfrom Liingban, Sweden.Neues b 13.72,c 25.00A,f 93.95',Z 2; this is equivalentto the Jahrb.Mineral., Monatsh.,257-262. substructureof ganophyllite.The strongestlines (20 given) in the partially indexed powder pattern are 12.(100X002), Descriptive analyses(Hansen, Fiilth, Petersen,and Johnsen, 3.13(30X116,134,m9),2.691(25Xnot indexed), 2.600(20{not in- 1984)defined bergslagite as a new mineral specieswith the follow- dexed),and 2.462(20\notindexed). ing composition:CaO 28.57,BeO 13.0,AsrO, 51.58,SiO2 2.48, The mineral occursas a rare constituentin small pegmatiteor HrO 6.0, sum 101.63wt.%o, corresponding to empirical formula miarolytic cavities in nephelinesyenite at the Big Rock Quarry, Cao.nnBer.or(Asos?Sioo8)o.esOr.ro(OH)r..o,and ideal formula Little Rock, Arkansas.Associated minerals include albite, biotite, CaBeAsOoOH. acmite,titanite, magnetite,natrolite, and apophyllite.Eggletonite Least squaresrefinement of powder XRD data, indexed on a is found as acicular radiating groups of prismatic crystals up to monoclinic cell, resulted in the following cell dimensions: 1.5mm in length that are elongatedalong [100] and twinned on a : a.8818(9),b : 7.309(1),c : r0.r27(\4, : 90.16(r)",Z : 4. -
IAEA TECDOC SERIES World Thorium Occurrences, Deposits and Resources
IAEA-TECDOC-1877 IAEA-TECDOC-1877 IAEA TECDOC SERIES World Thorium Occurrences, Deposits and Resources Deposits and Resources Thorium Occurrences, World IAEA-TECDOC-1877 World Thorium Occurrences, Deposits and Resources International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna ISBN 978–92–0–103719–0 ISSN 1011–4289 @ WORLD THORIUM OCCURRENCES, DEPOSITS AND RESOURCES The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GERMANY PAKISTAN ALBANIA GHANA PALAU ALGERIA GREECE PANAMA ANGOLA GRENADA PAPUA NEW GUINEA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA GUATEMALA PARAGUAY ARGENTINA GUYANA PERU ARMENIA HAITI PHILIPPINES AUSTRALIA HOLY SEE POLAND AUSTRIA HONDURAS PORTUGAL AZERBAIJAN HUNGARY QATAR BAHAMAS ICELAND REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BAHRAIN INDIA BANGLADESH INDONESIA ROMANIA BARBADOS IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION BELARUS IRAQ RWANDA BELGIUM IRELAND SAINT LUCIA BELIZE ISRAEL SAINT VINCENT AND BENIN ITALY THE GRENADINES BOLIVIA, PLURINATIONAL JAMAICA SAN MARINO STATE OF JAPAN SAUDI ARABIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JORDAN SENEGAL BOTSWANA KAZAKHSTAN SERBIA BRAZIL KENYA SEYCHELLES BRUNEI DARUSSALAM KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SIERRA LEONE BULGARIA KUWAIT SINGAPORE BURKINA FASO KYRGYZSTAN SLOVAKIA BURUNDI LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC SLOVENIA CAMBODIA REPUBLIC SOUTH AFRICA CAMEROON LATVIA SPAIN CANADA LEBANON SRI LANKA CENTRAL AFRICAN LESOTHO SUDAN REPUBLIC LIBERIA CHAD LIBYA SWEDEN CHILE LIECHTENSTEIN SWITZERLAND CHINA LITHUANIA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LUXEMBOURG TAJIKISTAN CONGO MADAGASCAR THAILAND COSTA RICA MALAWI TOGO CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAYSIA TRINIDAD -
New Mineral Names
THE AMURICAN MINERALOGIST. VOL. 53, JULY-AUGUST, 1968 NEW MINERAL NAMES Mrcn,lrr- FlBrscunr< Unnamed Lead-Bismuth Telluride J. C. Rucrr.mca (1967) Electron probe studies of some Canadian telluride minerals. (abstr). Can. Mineral.,9, 305. A new Pb-Bi telluride has been found as minute inclusions in chalcopyrite from the Robb Montbray mine, Montbray Township, Quebec.The probable formula is (Pb,Bi)rTe+. J. A. Mondarino Sakuraiite Arrna Karo (1965) Sakuraiite, a new mineral. Chigakw Kenkyu (Earth Sci.mce Studies), Sakurai Vol. 1-5 [in Japanese]. Electron microprobe anaiyses of two grains with different texture gave C:u23j- 2,21 *2;Zn 10+1, 14+1; Fe 9*1, 5+0.5;Ag 4105, 3.5+0.5;ln 17+2,23+2; Sn 9+7, 4+0.5; S 31+3, 30+2; total 103*10.5, 100.5+9.5, correspondingto (Cur pfnsTFenT Ags )(In6 zSnoa)Sr z and (Cur tZno sF'eoaAgs 1)(Inn gSnor)Sr 1 respectively or A:BSa, with A: Cu, Zn, Fe, Ag (Cu ) Zn ) FeAg) and B : In, Sn (In > Sn). This is the indium analogue of kesterite. Spectrographic anaiysis of the ore containing sakuraiite, stannite, sphalerite, chalcopy- rite and quartz gave Cu, ln, Zn, Sn as major, Fe, Ag as subordinate, Bi as minor and Pb, Ga and Cd as trace constituents. The X-ray powder data are very close to those for zincian stannite [L. G. Berry and R. M. Thompson, GeoLSoc. Amer. Mem. 85, 52 53 (1962)l and give 3.15(l}0)(ll2), 1.927 (n)Q2O,O24),1.650(20)(132, 116),2.73(10)(020,004) as the strongest lines. -
Smithite Agass2 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Smithite AgAsS2 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Crystals commonly equant, {100}, {001}, {111}, {111}, and a dozen other forms; also tabular on {100}, to 3 mm; pseudohexagonal. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect on {100}. Fracture: Conchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 1.5–2 VHN = n.d. D(meas.) = 4.88 D(calc.) = 4.926 Optical Properties: Transparent; becoming opaque on exposure to light, then translucent in thin splinters. Color: Scarlet, vermilion, pink; becoming red-orange on exposure to light. Streak: Vermilion. Luster: Adamantine. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Pleochroism: Slight in transmitted light. Orientation: Y = b; Z ∧ c = 6.5◦. Dispersion: Strong. n = 3.27(9) 2V(meas.) = ∼65◦ R1–R2: (400) 40.7–44.0, (420) 40.0–43.2, (440) 39.3–42.4, (460) 38.7–41.5, (480) 37.9–40.4, (500) 37.0–39.2, (520) 36.0–38.0, (540) 35.0–36.6, (560) 33.8–35.4, (580) 32.7–34.7, (600) 32.0–34.0, (620) 31.4–33.4, (640) 31.0–32.9, (660) 30.6–32.4, (680) 30.4–31.8, (700) 30.1–31.4 Cell Data: Space Group: A2/a. a = 17.23 b = 7.78 c = 15.19 β = 101◦120 Z=24 X-ray Powder Pattern: Synthetic. 2.82 (100), 3.21 (80), 2.72 (60), 1.953 (50), 1.701 (40), 1.661 (40), 1.608 (40) Chemistry: (1) (2) Ag 43.9 43.69 As 28.9 30.34 Sb 0.4 S 26.0 25.97 Total 99.2 100.00 (1) Binntal, Switzerland. -
ISBN 5 900395 50 2 UDK 549 New Data on Minerals. Moscow
#00_firstPpages_en_0727:#00_firstPpages_en_0727.qxd 21.05.2009 19:38 Page 2 ISBN 5900395502 UDK 549 New Data on Minerals. Moscow.: Ocean Pictures, 2003. volume 38, 172 pages, 66 color photos. Articles of the volume are devoted to mineralogy, including descriptions of new mineral species (telyushenkoite – a new caesium mineral of the leifite group, neskevaaraite-Fe – a new mineral of the labuntsovite group) and new finds of min- erals (pabstite from the moraine of the Dara-i-Pioz glacier, Tadjikistan, germanocolusite from Kipushi, Katanga, min- erals of the hilairite group from Khibiny and Lovozero massifs). Results of study of mineral associations in gold-sulfide- tellyride ore of the Kairagach deposit, Uzbekistan are presented. Features of rare germanite structure are revealed. The cavitation model is proposed for the formation of mineral microspherulas. Problems of isomorphism in the stannite family minerals and additivity of optical properties in minerals of the humite series are considered. The section Mineralogical Museums and Collections includes articles devoted to the description and history of Museum collections (article of the Kolyvan grinding factory, P.A.Kochubey's collection, new acquisitions) and the geographical location of mineral type localities is discussed in this section. The section Mineralogical Notes includes the article about photo- graphing minerals and Reminiscences of the veteran research worker of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Doctor in Science M.D. Dorfman about meetings with known mineralogists and geochemists – N.A. Smoltaninov, P.P. Pilipenko, Yu.A. Bilibin. The volume is of interest for mineralogists, geochemists, geologists, and to museum curators, collectors and amateurs of minerals. EditorinChief Margarita I .Novgorodova, Doctor in Science, Professor EditorinChief of the volume: Elena A.Borisova, Ph.D Editorial Board Moisei D. -
Thorite, Thorogummite and Xenotime-(Y) Occurrence in Ditrau Alkaline Intrusive Massif, East Carpathians, Romania
THE PUBLISHING HOUSE GEONOMY OF THE ROMANIAN ACADEMY Research article THORITE, THOROGUMMITE AND XENOTIME-(Y) OCCURRENCE IN DITRAU ALKALINE INTRUSIVE MASSIF, EAST CARPATHIANS, ROMANIA PAULINA HIRTOPANU 1* , GYULA JAKAB 2, C. JENS ANDERSEN 3 and J. ROBERT FAIRHURST 3 1 Department of Mineralogy, University of Bucharest, Romania 2 IG Mineral Gheorgheni, Romania 3 University of Exeter, Camborne School of Mine, UK Corresponding author : *[email protected] Received July 10, 2013 The thorite and thorogummite, closely associated with the xenotime-(Y) represent the characteristic paragenessis of the Belcina type mineralization of the Ditrau alkaline intrusive massif. The Belcina vein mineralization is localized in the South-East of the massif, within the Cambrian metamorphic Tulghes Group. Genetically the Belcina mineralization is linked to the red alkaline syenites, the fluid responsible for the mineralisation belonging to the late-stage hydrothermal event. Late stage calcite, siderite, ferrodolomite veins and development of the Fe-oxides and hydroxides (hematite, goethite, lepidocrocite), minor sulphides of Fe, Pb, Zn, Mo and Hg, may be present. Also, REE-apatite, monazite-(Nd), monazite-(Ce), brabantite, ferrocolumbite, manganocolumbite, Nb-rutile, zircon, magnetite, thorianite, Y-fluorite are present as primary mineralization sequence. The gangue associated to the ore is represented by feldspars (microcline, albite, orthoclase), quartz, different common carbonates of at least two generations, natrolite, pectolite and different chlorites. Electron microprobe analyses of many individual grains of thorite gave mainly ThO 2=70-80.00, SiO 2=15- 17.00, ZrO=0-6, FeO=0-4% and very little Ce 2O3, UO 2, Y 2O3, PbO and P 2O5 contents. Thorogummite has less ThO 2, more SiO 2, ZrO, FeO, CaO, PbO and P2O5, than thorite. -
By C.T. Harper the Steadily Growing Demand for Rare Earth Elements
- 82 - Rare Earth Elements and their Occurrence in Northern Saskatchewan by C.T. Harper Harper, C. T. (1987) : Rare earth elements and their occurrence in northern Saskatchewan; in SIM!milry of Investigations 1987, Saskatchewan Geological Survey; Saskatchewan Energy and Mines, Miscellaneous Report"li7 -4. The steadily growing demand for rare earth bastnasite and xenotime. Monazite, a REE- Y -Th elements (REE) and yttrium (Y) in petroleum phosphate, contains up to 70 percent RED (rare cracking catalysts, the electronics industry, and the earth oxide), 7 percent ThO and 2 percent Y z03. manufacture of super conductors, permanent Bastnasite is a rare earth fluorocarbonate which magnets, ceramics, glass and metal alloys indicates contains up to 75 percent RED and minor Y z03. that these elements are worthy of exploration Xenotime is a yttrium phosphate, which contains up attention. The purpose of this paper is firstly to to 60 percent Yz03 and is more enriched in the illustrate the character, variety and distribution of 'heavy' REE, dysprosium (Dy, atomic no. 66) to REE occurrences in general, and particularly in lutecium (Anstett, 1986). Both monazite and northern Saskatchewan, and secondly to fulfill a bastnasite are 'light' REE enriched. demand from the mineral industry for information on these REE occurrences. Minor ore minerals include apatite, allanite, brockite , crandalite, euxenite and loparite. The Rare Earth Elements Until recently, monazite was the principal source of REE. It occurs in many geological environments, Rare earth elements, or the lanthanide series, being most prominent in felsic igneous rocks such as constitute a group of 15 elements (16 including granites and pegmatites. -
Thorium Occurrences in the Czech Republic and Their Mineralogy
Uranium Deposits, B. Kribek & J. Zeman (eds) © Czech Geological Survey, Prague, ISBN 80-7075-583-0 Thorium Occurrences in the Czech Republic and their Mineralogy V. Goliáš Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic ABSTRACT: Short description and characteristics of several types of thorium mineralization in the Bohemian Massif are given: orthogneisses with 200 ppm of Th (Moldanubicum), Permian volcanites in the Intra-Sudetic basin (U-Th-V to 450 ppm Th), REE-Th pegmatites (Moldanubicum), metasomatic (the Sudety Mts.) and Ordovician Ti-Zr-Th-REE paleo-placers (Saxothuringicum), recent Ti-Zr-Th-REE-Nb placers (Lužnice, S. Bohemia), vein type – Moldanubicum (Th-U). At the Budišov location (vein type in melanosyenites), resources of 87 tons Th have been calculated in the Estimated Additional II category. Figure 1. Thorium radiometric anomalies in the Czech Republic. Selected from databaze of Krištiak & Záliš (1994). 1 INTRODUCTION The field gamma spectrometry were carried out at chosen localities. On the basis of the results Thorium has not been mined in the Czech Republic obtained, samples with increased Th content were to date and thorium deposits have not been taken (ore samples). The selected ore samples were systematically explored or studied. This paper subjected to silicate analysis, quantitative X-ray briefly describes main types of thorium powder diffraction and analysis of micro-elements mineralization of the Bohemian Massif. Their by the ICP-MS and AAS methods; laboratory geochemical and mineralogical characteristics are gamma spectrometry was employed to analyze the given and their economic potential is discussed. content of radioactive elements.