Blev JFK Dræbt Af ”Friendly Fire”?

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Blev JFK Dræbt Af ”Friendly Fire”? Blev JFK dræbt af ”friendly fire”? Af Knud Jeppesen www.kennedy-mord.dk I 70’erne foreslog en våbensmed fra Baltimore en kontroversiel teori: Oswald sad godt nok oppe på 5.sal og skød mod Kennedy, men skuddet, der ramte præsidenten i hovedet, kom fra en Secret Service-agent, der ved et uheld kom til at affyre sin Colt AR-15 riffel! Denne vilde, men alligevel populære teori er relativt nem at skyde i sænk. Vi ser på hvad baggrunden var for den, og kommer ind på andre endnu mere vanvittige teorier om hvem den virkelige morder var. *** I 1967 foretog CBS TV en rekonstruktion af skydningen på Dealey Plaza, hvor man lod en række skytter forsøge om de kunne gøre Oswald kunsten efter. Det foregik på en bane i Maryland. Én af skytterne var en lokal våbensmed og våbenekspert ved navn Howard Donahue. Donahue skød exceptionelt godt, med tre træffere inden for en cirkel på 8 cm på blot 5,2 sekunder. Seancen gjorde Donahue interesseret i attentatet på JFK. Han begyndte at læse en masse om mordet, og kunne konstatere at mange kritikere ikke vidste ret meget om våben og ballistik. Donahue satte sig for at undersøge sagen på egen hånd. Han nåede frem til at støtte Warren-kommissionen i mangt og meget. Blandt andet mente han at Single-bullet theory, dvs. den teori at Kennedy og Connally blev ramt af samme kugle, var særdeles plausibel. Én af grundene hertil var ifølge Donahue at Oswald havde skudt med fuldkappede militærpatroner. Et fuldkappet projektil ses i ovenstående billede. Det består af en kerne af bly der er helt dækket af en ”kappe” af hårdt metal – som oftest stål eller kobber. Sådanne projektiler går som regel ikke i stykker eller bliver mast flade når de rammer deres mål. Medmindre de rammer meget hård knogle vil de typisk flyve lige igennem fx en menneskekrop, uden at projektilet deformeres synderligt. Dette er i slående kontrast til projektilerne som ses i ovenstående. Til venstre har vi et projektil hvor blykernen er blottet i spidsen. Og til højre et projektil med en blød plastic spids. Disse ”kugler” bliver helt flade når de rammer en krop og møder modstand, fx ved at ramme knogle. De flyver således gennem kroppen med en meget større overflade og vil derfor ødelægge meget mere væv. Sådanne kugler kan forårsage stor skade og har en høj ”killing power” dvs. evne til at dræbe. De bruges af jægere som gerne vil være sikre på at nedlægge dyret. De bruges også af politiet. Ikke fordi politifolk nødvendigvis er ude på at dræbe folk, men fordi man vil forhindre at kuglen fortsætter ud igennem kroppen på banditten og rammer uskyldige personer i nærheden. De blødnæsede projektiler vil nemlig typisk stoppe inden i kroppen. Man kan også få projektiler med hulspids, såkaldte hollow-points, eller hollow-tip. De vil også flade ud ved kontakt og kan anrette voldsom skade. Grunden til at militæret ikke anvender disse, men kun fuldkappede projektiler, skyldes Haag- konventionen. I 1899 besluttede en lang række lande at underskrive en aftale om kun at bruge fuldkappede projektiler i krig. Man mente simpelthen at det var for brutalt og inhumant at skyde soldater med blødnæsede projektiler. En sidegevinst ved fuldkappede projektiler var at de ofte kun sårede soldater uden at dræbe dem. Det kunne være en fordel på en slagmark, for en såret soldat er ukampdygtig og lægger beslag på 1-2 kammerater som prøver at hjælpe ham – de kan så heller ikke længere deltage i kampen. Oswald havde brugt en militær fuldkappet patron, 6,5 mm, som blev skudt af med 700 m/s. Donahue mente at den på 50 meters afstand sagtens ville kunne flyve gennem to mænd, som Warren-kommissionen hævdede. Uenigheden opstod ved det tredje skud – det grufulde hovedskud hvor JFKs hoved nærmest eksploderer. Den forstod Donahue ikke. Nu skulle det fuldkappede projektil angiveligt være nærmest desintegreret, dvs. sprængt i en masse små stykker. Hvorfor det? Blev vi ikke lige enige om at fuldkappede militærpatroner er hårdføre og ikke sådan uden videre fragmenterer? Kobber-kappen på Oswalds kugler var tyk og meget stærk, fortæller Donahue. Det viste sig jo også ved at ”the magic bullet” som fløj gennem Kennedy og Connally kun havde taget meget lidt skade. Donahue mente at skaden i Kennedys hoved ville være meget mere konsistent med en patron fra en M-16 riffel. U.S Navy, public domain M-16 riflen er berømt som det militærgevær de amerikanske soldater brugte i Vietnam i 60’erne. Den skyder med en langt mindre patron – 5,56 mm. Fordele ved den mindre størrelse var blandt andet en lavere rekyl og lavere vægt. Soldaten kunne således bære flere patroner. For at kompensere for den mindre størrelse var der en kraftigere krudtladning som skød den af sted med hele 900 meter i sekundet. Jo hurtigere en kugle flyver, jo mere dræbende er den. For højere fart betyder dels at den lettere slår ”kolbøtter i luften” og dels at den lettere fragmenterer med mødet med en krop. Oven i hatten har M-16 projektilet en tynd kappe som let går i stykker. Formelt set overholder man Haag- konventionen fordi den har en kappe. I praksis er vi tæt på en overtrædelse. Det var en sådan kugle, mente Donahue, som dræbte JFK. Donahue ville dog ikke erklære sig enig med konspirationsteoretikerne. Kuglebanen var uden tvivl forløbet bag præsidenten, dvs. skuddet kom bagfra ifølge obduktionsrapporten. Donahue talte med en retsmediciner der havde set røntgenbillederne i 1968, og som forklarede ham at der ganske tydeligt var et indgangshul i præsidentens baghoved. Det var det eneste, foruden indgangshullet i ryggen. Altså intet dræbende skud fra Græshøjen. Donahue analyserede Zapruder-filmen og nåede desuden frem til at kuglens bane var for lav til at kunne stamme fra højhusene omkring Elm Street. Men hvad så? Hvor kom skuddet så fra? Det slog på et tidspunkt Donahue, at der var en M-16 riffel til stede på Dealey Plaza den dag. I følgebilen lige efter limousinen havde Secret Service agenterne medbragt en række våben. Heriblandt en Colt AR-15 riffel, som var prototypen på Vietnam-soldaternes M-16. Secret Service agent George Hickey sad på bagsædet, og havde lettest ved at snuppe geværet som lå på gulvet. Hickey havde faktisk taget geværet og rejst sig op omkring det tidspunkt hvor Kennedy blev skudt. Donahue fik en vild ide. Sæt nu at det var Hickey, der havde skudt JFK i hovedet? Ikke med vilje. Men ved et uheld. Donahue læste vidneudsagn fra S.M. Holland som mente at have set en agent i følgebilen falde bagover ved det sidste skud. Teorien blev som følger. Efter det andet skud rejste Hickey sig op i bilen og ville dreje geværet over mod bogdepotet. Men han får overbalance, og idet han falder bagover, kommer han til at trykke på aftrækkeren så geværet går af. Og ulykkeligvis peger geværet på det tidspunkt lige mod JFK´s hoved! Howard Donahue mente at der var flere indikationer på at det var det som var sket. Flere vidner havde lugtet krudtrøg i kortegen. Og Holland havde set ham falde bagover. Donahue kontaktede HSCA i 1978 for at få lov til at vidne om sagen, men blev afvist. Han kom i diskussion med HSCA’s efterforskere om kuglebanen. HSCAs folk ville ikke acceptere at kuglen havde ramt Kennedy i en lav vinkel. Denne konklusion var baseret på at Kennedy drejede sit hoved 15 grader til siden. Men HSCA mente at det var 25 grader, og så passer vinklen med et skud fra bogdepotet, men ikke med en næsten lige linie fra følgebilen. Donahue fik ikke lov at vidne. I stedet blev hans teori berømt i 1992, da han allierede sig med journalisten og forfatteren Bonar Menninger, som fortalte hans historie i bogen Mortal Error. På dette tidspunkt var Donahues teori blevet en konspirationsteori: Hickey skød JFK ved et uheld, men regeringen og Secret Service dækkede over det efterfølgende. Donahue er ikke nogen usympatisk skikkelse, han virker dygtig og seriøs nok. Bogen er ligeledes ganske spændende og velskrevet, og mere fair end andre konspirationsbøger, i og med at den giver kritikere lov til at tale. Det ændrer dog ikke ved at bogen er et ”propaganda” fremstød for Donahues ret vilde teori. Det ændrer heller ikke ved det faktum at teorien er forkert. Hvorfor teorien ikke holder Der er adskillige indvendinger mod teorien. Her er de centrale: 1. Donahue er ikke fotografisk ekspert. Det er svært at forestille sig at hans analyse på 15 graders hoveddrejning er korrekt, mens det fotografiske panel af eksperter hos HSCA skulle have taget fejl med de 25 grader. Er det 25 grader, falder hans teori. 2. Testforsøg har vist at også fuldkappede projektiler vil fragmentere voldsomt under nogle betingelser når de fx rammer et kranium. Knoglevæggen er meget tyk i baghovedet og en voldsom belastning for projektilet. Trykket i hjernen der opstod, var med til at ”flå” kuglen i stykker. Desuden overdriver Donahue. Den blev ikke desintegreret, men fragmenterede i flere stykker. Donahue var våbenekspert men ikke ekspert i skudsår. Folk som er det, fx retsmedicinere som Vincent Di Maio, Martin Fackler og Michael Baden, fysikere som Larry Sturdivan, eller kriminalefterforskere som Robert Frazier, har erklæret sig uenige i, at en 6,5 mm fuldkappet patron ikke ville fragmentere voldsomt ved dette anslag. 3. Alt hvad man har fundet af kugler og kuglefragmenter fra ofrene og limousinen, kan bevises at stamme fra Oswalds gevær. Der er ikke fundet spor af en kugle der skulle stamme fra et andet gevær. 4. Det eneste vidne der så Hickey falde bagover, var S.M. Holland, der stod oppe på jernbanebroen.
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