Algeria Country Trade Market Research & Industry Analysis Report
November 2020 Agenda
01 Country Profile 02 Ease of Doing business 03 Economy . General information . IFC Indicators . Infrastructure . Consumption & income . Economic Indices
04 Trade 05 Risk Assessment . Trade Indicators . Trade with world . Trade with Abu Dhabi . Target Sectors
2 1. COUNTRY PROFILE
3 1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION
4 General information about Algeria
. Capital Algiers . Official language Arabic . Population 42,582,000 . Population density 18.41 people per sq km . GDP US$657.462bn . GDP per capita US$15,439.92 . Income tax 35.0% . Corporate tax 23.0% . Currency Algerian dinar . Exchange rate USD/DZD=119.35 Algeria is bounded to the east by Tunisia and Libya; to the south by Niger, Mali, and Mauritania; to the west by Morocco and . Time zone UTC +01:00 Western Sahara (which has been virtually incorporated by the former); and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The . VAT 19.0% southern 80 percent of Algeria's land is in the Sahara Desert and almost completely uninhabited. The northern half of the . Average applied tariff rate 9.4% desert is less arid than the southern half, and most of the region's oases (any fertile tract in the midst of a wasteland) are found here.
5 Source: Avalara, PWC, index of economic freedom, export.gov, santander trade With a population of 2.8 million, Algiers is the largest urban area in Algeria
Population in major urban areas Land use in % of total area
Arable land Forest area Permanent cropland Other 2,768,000
0.8% 899,000 95.6% 3.1% 0.4% Algiers Oran
The current population of Algeria is 44.14 million people based on 3.1% of Algeria's area is used as arable land, 0.8% is forest and 17.4% is projections of the latest United Nations data. permanent cropland.
6 Source: Pew Research Center 2015, CIA 2020, World Bank 2019, worldpopulationreview Population projected to reach 55.6 million by 2040
Algeria is currently growing at a rate of 1.85% per year. By 2049, Algeria is projected to surpass 60 million people and continue growing through the end of the century. Algeria’s population is projected to be 70.72 million by 2099.
Population projection1 in thousand 55,640 54,059 52,494 50,908 49,226 47,388 45,350 +37.2% 43,053 40,551
2016 2019 2022 2025 2028 2031 2034 2037 2040
1: The medium fertility variant assumes that total fertility will eventually converge toward a level of 1.85 children per woman 7 Source: UN DESA 2019, Statista 2020 56.3% of the population were between the age of 20 and 64, more than half of them were men
Population distribution in 2019
Male Female Age group 80+ 75-79 70-74 Σ 28.3% Σ 27.9% 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4
Reading support: 3.4% of the population is female and between the age of 40 and 44.
8 Source: UN DESA 2019, Statista 2020 1.2 INFRASTRUCTURE
9 54.4% used the internet and there were 113.1 mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people
Internet penetration1 in 2019 Mobile phone subscriptions2 Fixed broadband subscriptions3 per 100 inhabitants in 2019 per 100 inhabitants in 2019 113.1 7.6 54.4 107.3 49.6
5.5
Algeria North Africa Algeria North Africa Algeria North Africa
1: Share of individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months 2: Subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service that provide access to the PSTN using cellular technology 3: Fixed subscriptions to high-speed access to the public internet at downstream speeds equal to or greater than 256 kbit/s 10 Source: ITU 2019, Statista 2020 Quality of trade- and transport-related infrastructure was lower than the regional average
Quality of trade- and transport-related infrastructure1 Regarding Quality of trade- and transport-related infrastructure, Algeria scored an average of 2.4 out of 5 compared to the region average of 2.5 based on the World Bank Logistics Performance 2.8 Index 2018. 2.6 2.7 With respect to freight transportation, figures for maritime 2.6 Algeria North Africa 2.4 2.5 transport in 2018 amounted to 1.5 million TEU in 2018. In the same year, air cargo volume amounted to 28.3 million ton-km in 2018.
Freight transportation2
3 1.5 million TEU in 2018
28.3 million ton-km in 2018
2014 2016 2018
1: Logistics Performance Index (5 = high, 1 = low); logistics professionals' perception of a country's quality of trade- and transport-related infrastructure (e.g., ports, railroads, roads, information technology). Scores are averaged across all respondents 2: Ton-kilometer = cargo weight transported times distance transported, TEU = Twenty-foot equivalent unit (standard-size container) 3: Container port traffic 11 Source: World Bank 2019 Algeria sports 2 major airport – flight time from the U.S. ca. 10 hours
Major airports in Algeria1 Flight times from regional hubs in hours (no. of stops)2 . Houari Boumediene Airport, Algiers Regions Hub ALG
. Airport code: ALG 9:45 North America New York City, the U.S. (JFK) . Distance to city center: 16 km (1)
. Ahmed Ben Bella Airport, Oran Latin America & 15:20 São Paulo, Brazil (GRU) Caribbean (1) . Airport code: ORN
. Distance to city center: 13 km 4:35 Europe & Central Asia London, the UK (LHR) (1)
16:35 East Asia & Pacific Hong Kong, Hong Kong (HKG) (1)
12:40 South Asia Delhi, India (DEL) (1)
Middle East & North 7:10 Dubai, the UAE (DXB) Africa (0)
14:35 Sub-Saharan Africa Johannesburg, South Africa (JNB) (1)
1: Busiest airports by number of Passengers-International Civil Aviation Organization 2: Most direct and fastest routes are considered. Flight times for 17th July 2019-Google Flights; Information will be updated after flight schedule disruptions related to COVID-19 have been resolved Note: Distances to city center are based on the shortest route calculated by Google Maps and rounded to full kilometers 12 Source: Google Flights 2019, Google Maps 2019 2. EASE OF DOING BUSINESS
13 Algeria ranks 157 in Ease of Doing Business
With an overall score of 48.6, Algeria ranks 157 among 190 economies according to the latest Ease of Doing Business Scoring published by the World Bank. The score of Algeria increased from 48.5 in 2019.
Ease of doing business scores per topic in 2020 78 72 65
54 55 49 49 44 38
20
10
Overall Starting a Dealing with Getting Registering Getting Credit Protecting Paying Trading across Enforcing Resolving Business Construction Electricity Property Minority TaxesNegative Borders Contracts Insolvency Permits Investors
14 Source: World Bank 2020 Almost 17,000 new business registered in Algeria in 2020
Compared to the average in West Asia, Algeria scores higher in the categories Starting a business (78.0), Enforcing contacts (54.8) and Getting credit (10.0).
New businesses registered Ease of doing business score2 in 2020
16,775 86.0 16,402 16,608 15,833 16,147 78.0 Starting a business Enforcing contracts Getting credit
54.8 52.9
37.0
10.0
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 Algeria North Africa
1: CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate / average growth rate per year 2: 0 = lowest performance, 100 = best performance 15 Source: World Bank 2019, Statista 2020 It takes 18.0 days to start a business in Algeria compared to the regional average of 19.7 days
Business administration in 2019
Time needed Time needed Time needed to fulfill Time needed to resolve to start a business1 to register property tax requirements insolvency2
Algeria 18.0 days 55.0 days 265.0 hours 1.3 years
North Africa 19.7 days 39.4 days 333.8 hours 2.1 years
Delivery in 2019
Time needed Time needed Efficiency of to export3 to import3 customs clearance4
Algeria 149.1 hours 96.0 hours 2.1
North Africa 88.0 hours 107.0 hours 2.3
1: Number of calendar days needed to complete the procedures to legally operate a business 2: Number of years from the filing for insolvency in court until the resolution of distressed assets 3: Time associated with compliance with the documentary requirements of all government agencies 16 of the origin economy, the destination economy and any transit economies 4: In 2018, includes e.g., speed, simplicity, and predictability of customs clearance (5 = high efficiency, 1 = low efficiency); Source: World Bank 2019, Statista 2020 Export and investment opportunities in Algeria
Opportunity through the combination of rising spending power Key oil and gas fields require investment and technology to among the Algerian population and a growing demand for increase production and future exploration foreign goods
With Algeria’s large area, climate and water table, the country’s Opportunities for foreign companies to provide training in agricultural sector has huge potential scientific and technical equipment, techniques for improving production, productivity and quality in agricultural products and fisheries
the country pledges to diversify economy, attracts investment and strengths the competitiveness of its enterprises
17 Algeria has higher cost to export and import than peer countries
Trading across borders (Cost in USD), 2019 Trading across borders (Time in hours), 2019
593.0 210.0 576.0
469.8 416.0 149.0 409.0 400.0 146.2 374.0
109.2 96.0 91.2 233.8 80.0 65.2
Cost to export: Border Cost to export: Documentary Cost to import: Border Cost to import: Documentary Time to export: Border Time to export: Time to import: Border Time to import: compliance compliance compliance compliance compliance Documentary compliance Documentary compliance compliance
Algeria North Africa Algeria North Africa
Compared to the region, Algeria has mostly higher cost to export and import Compared to the region, trading across borders in Algeria takes mostly more time
18 Source: World Bank Things you didn‘t know about Algerian business culture
Communication standards Business meeting procedures
. Direct communication is widely accepted as the standard business communication . Algerians prefer organized and systematic meeting procedures. Sometimes these are style to get quick results. Personal relations are also considered important for a outsourced to experienced third party meeting organizers for better results. strong business relationship.
. In government offices, employees engage in a lot of small talk. . Arabic is the official language in the country, but most people know French and English. Sometimes, Arabic translators are necessary to deal with local businessmen and some business leaders. . Hierarchy is rather important in the context of doing business in Algeria.
. Bargaining is common for both project terms and prices. Conflict management
. Algerians prefer to address conflicts professionally by talking to each other and arriving at a mutually acceptable solution.
Note: Please refer to the appendix for further information on the methodology of data collection 19 Source: Statista 2019 Things you didn‘t know about the Algerian business culture
Importance of business networks Gender equality
. Interpersonal relationships, which are fostered usually through face to face contact, . Algeria, which has for long suffered gender inequality, is now working towards giving are given importance. women more power and respect in the corporate sector.
. Socializing and developing a personal rapport is usually the way forward to secure a job or a promotion and develop strong business networks.
Slow business months Work-life balance
. Business is slower than usual in July, August and December. . Algerians give importance towards maintaining a good work-life balance.
Note: Please refer to the appendix for further information on the methodology of data collection 20 Source: Statista 2019 3. ECONOMY
21 Overview
GDP in Algeria is expected to reach 160.0 bUSD by the end of 2020 • IFC Indicators according to global macro models and analyst’s expectations. In the
long term, Algeria’s GDP is projected to trend around 168.1 bUSD in • Consumption & income 2022 and 173.1 bUSD in 2024 according to econometric models. GDP from services accounted for 44.0% of total GDP where GDP • Economic Indices from industry accounted for 39.6% of total GDP in 2018.
22 3.1 IFC INDICATORS
23 IFC Indicators
• GDP and GDP per capita
• GDP by sector
• Inflation rate
• Revenues and expenses in % of GDP
• General government gross debt in % of GDP
• FDI inward and outward flows
• Top global FDI inward and outward flows
• Labour force and unemployment
24 Real GDP is forecast to increase by 0.8% p.a. from 2019 to 2024
GDP in DZA was worth 167.4 bUS$ in 2019 and is expected to reach 169.7 bUS$ by the end of 2020 according to global macro models and analyst’s expectations. In the long term, DZA’s GDP is projected to trend around 170.9 bUS$ in 2021 and 160.0 bUS$ in 2022 according to econometric models. DZA’s real GDP per capita was 20,651 US$ in 2019 which is rank 35 in the world.
Real GDP1 in billion US$2
+2.1% 178.2 170.9 173.1 165.2 167.4 169.7 168.1 160.1 160.0 163.0 154.4 144.7 148.8 136.1 140.0 131.4
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 forecast based on IMF
1: Real gross domestic product (GDP) is an inflation-adjusted measure that reflects the value of all goods and services produced by an economy in a given year, expressed in base-year prices, and is often referred to as "constant-price," "inflation-corrected" GDP, or "constant dollar GDP" Unlike nominal GDP, real GDP can account for changes in price level and provide a more accurate figure of economic growth 2: Constant US$, see glossary for definition of current and constant US$ 3: CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate / average growth rate per year 25 Source: International Monetary Fund 2020, Statista, July 2020 (forecast adjusted for expected impact of COVID-19) Services accounted for 44.0% of GDP in 2018
GDP from services accounts for 44.0% of total GDP whereas GDP from industry accounts for 39.6% of total GDP in 2018.
Value added1 by sector in % of GDP
0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 8.8% 11.6% 12.0%
47.9% 35.7% 39.6%
47.4% 44.0% 39.5% 35.2%
2012 2015 2018
1: Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for the depreciation of fabricated assets or the depletion and degradation of natural resources 26 Source: World Bank 2019 The inflation rate is projected to increase from 2019 to 2021
The inflation rate in Algeria for 2019 was 2.0% according to the International Monetary Fund. In the long term, Algeria’s inflation rate is projected to trend around 3.7% in 2021 according to econometric models.
Inflation1 and central bank interest rates2,3 Inflation Central bank interest rates 8.9%
6.4% 5.7% 5.6% 4.9% 4.8% 4.5% 4.3% 3.9% 3.7% 3.3% 3.5% 2.9% 2.0% 1.5% 1.5% 0.8% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.5%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
When interest rates are low, individuals and businesses tend to take more loans. Each bank loan increases the money supply in a fractional reserve banking system. According to the quantity theory of money, a growing money supply increases inflation. Thus, a lower interest rate tends to result in a higher inflation. High interest rates tend to lower inflation. Consumers tend to save when interest rates are higher, as returns from savings are higher. More money put aside into savings means less disposable income. This results in slower economy and decreased inflation. Inflation levels are estimated after 2019 by the IMF. Due to the high degree of uncertainty in current global economic conditions, the IMF forecast of the inflation rate is only provided until 2021.
1: Percent change in annual average consumer prices 2: Monetary policy-related interest rate, percent per annum 3: Data is not available for every year 27 Source: International Monetary Fund 2020 Debt-to-GDP ratio in Algeria is expected to increase over the observed time period
General government gross debt1 in % of GDP
121 117 114 Algeria North Africa 108 109
97 96 85 75 76 72 67 61 62 63 61 61 58 51 46 38
27 20
9 9 8 8 9
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 forecast based on IMF
1: Gross government debt consists of all liabilities (such as loans, insurance, pensions, and debt securities) that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor (government) to the creditor at a date or dates in the future 28 Source: International Monetary Fund 2020, Statista, July 2020 (forecast adjusted for expected impact of COVID-19) Inward FDI amounted to 1,506.3 million in 2018
Inward foreign direct investment amounted to 1,506.3 million in 2018 whereas outward foreign direct investment was equal to 879.7.
FDI1 inward and outward flows in million US$2
Inward flows
Outward flows
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
1: Gross government debt consists of all liabilities (such as loans, insurance, pensions, and debt securities) that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor (government) to the creditor at a date or dates in the future 29 Source: International Monetary Fund 2020, Statista, July 2020 (forecast adjusted for expected impact of COVID-19) With US$254.7 billion, China registered the highest inward FDI flow in 2018
Top global inward FDI1 flows in billion US$2 in 2018
China 254.7 Singapore 77.6 Asia India 42.3 Indonesia 22.0 Egypt 6.8 South Africa 5.3 Africa Rep. of the Congo 4.3 Morocco 3.6 Netherlands 69.7 United Kingdom 64.5 Europe Spain 43.6 France 37.3 USA 251.8 Brazil 61.2 Americas Canada 39.6 Mexico 31.6 Australia 60.4 Australia & Oceania New Zealand 1.4
1: Foreign direct investment is an investment made by a resident enterprise in one economy (direct investor or parent enterprise) with the objective of establishing a lasting interest in an enterprise that is resident in another economy 2: Current US$, see glossary for differences between current and constant US$ 30 Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 2019 China also had the highest outward FDI sum in 2018 with US$215.0 billion
Top global outward FDI1 flows in billion US$2 in 2018
China 215.0 Japan 143.2 Asia South Korea 38.9 Singapore 37.1 South Africa 4.6 Nigeria 1.4 Africa Algeria 0.9 Morocco 0.7 France 102.4 Germany 77.1 Europe Netherlands 59.0 United Kingdom 49.9 Canada 50.5 Mexico 6.9 Americas Colombia 5.1 Chile 3.0 Australia Australia 3.6 & Oceania New Zealand 0.4
1: See previous slide for definition 2: Current US$, see glossary for differences between current and constant US$ 31 Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 2019 Total labor force to grow to 12.9 million by 2024
Labor force in Algeria was reported at 12.3 million in 2019 and is forecasted to grow to 12.9 million by 2024.
Total labor force1 in thousand
12,857 12,538 12,646 12,753 12,173 12,304 12,428 12,002 11,905 12,052 11,533 11,586 11,742 11,294 17.7% 17.7% +19.0% 11,075 17.7% 17.7% 17.7% 10,801 17.8% 17.6% 17.6% 19.2% 18.2% 18.0% 17.8% 18.8% 18.4% 16.8% 16.9%
82.3% 82.3% 82.3% 82.3% 82.3% 80.8% 81.8% 82.0% 82.2% 82.4% 82.4% 83.2% 83.1% 82.2% 81.2% 81.6% Male Female
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
1: The sum of individuals in employment plus individuals in unemployment. Together, these two groups of the population representthe current supply of labor for the production of goods and services taking place in a country through market transactions in exchange for remuneration 32 Source: International Labour Organization 2019 Unemployment rate was 11.4% in 2019 and is projected to be 19.9% in 2025
Unemployment rate was 11.4% in 2019 and is projected to be 15.1% in 2020 and 19.9% in 2025 which is an overall increase by 74.4% from 2019.
Unemployment1 in % of total population Unemployment1 in % of total population
67.8% 68.0% 68.5%
19.9% 69.1% 19.0% 17.4% 16.5% 15.9% 15.1% 13.9% 15.3% 13.4% 13.5%11.7% 11.4% 13.4% 13.4% 13.5% 13.3% 32.2% 32.0% 31.5% 30.9%
Algeria North Africa Male Female
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2016 2017 2018 2019
1: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment 33 Source: World Bank 2020, ILO 2020, Statista 2020 (forecast adjusted for expected impact of COVID-19) 3.2 CONSUMPTION & INCOME
34 Consumption and Income
• Household consumption expenditure
• Distribution of income
• Income per capita
• Retail market
• Consumer spending
• Interest in product and service categories
35 Household consumption expenditure in Algeria was lower than regional average
Household consumption expenditure has a share of 42.3% of GDP in Algeria which is less than the average of 59.6% in North Africa.
Expenditure in % of GDP in 2018
54.1%
44.7% 38.1% 39.7% Saudi Arabia West Asia 23.2% 21.4% 22.1% 17.4%
4.5% 5.1%
0.0% -0.2%
-26.8%
-41.3% Household General government Gross capital Changes in Exports of goods Imports of goods and Other consumption final consumption formation3 inventories4 and services services expenditure1 expenditure2
1: Expenditure by resident households and non-profit institutions providing households with individual consumption goods and services 2: Expenditure on individual consumption goods and services and collective consumption services 3: Including acquisitions minus disposals of valuables 4: Value of entries into inventories minus the value of withdrawals and value of any recurrent losses of goods held in inventories 36 Source: United Nations 2020, Statista 2020 In 2019, the highest 20% held 40.9% of the income, while the lowest 20% only held 8.3%
Distribution of income
Highest 20%
Second 20%
Third 20%
Fourth 20%
Lowest 20%
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
forecast based on World Bank
37 Source: World Bank 2020, Statista 2020 The retail market in Algeria is well-developed
Development stages of retail markets
Opening Maturing Well-developed
. Global grocery chains are not present . Global grocery chains start operations in large cities1 . Global chains operate in large cities, medium- sized cities and rural areas1 . National store ownership characterized by handcart . Store ownership is characterized by independent stores, or independent stores national or international chains . Store ownership is characterized by independent stores and national or international chains . Traditional1 payment methods are primarily used . Traditional and electronic payment methods1 are commonly used . Traditional, electronic and mobile payment methods1 are commonly used
Note: The allocation of the development stages is based on the described method and criteria 1: See glossary for definitions 38 Source: Statista 2019 Consumers in Algeria spend the most in the area of "Housing, water electricity"
The categories with the highest consumer spending in Algeria are "Housing, water electricity" with a share of 22.3% and "Food, non-alcoholic beverages", which has a share of 22.1%. In 2019, average consumer spending per capita amounts to US$1,809.50.0
Consumer spending1 in 2019 61.0% Algeria North Africa 52.9% 39.0% 47.1%
46.4% 59.5% 58.3% 40.5% 53.6% 58.5% 41.7% 64.7% 53.5% 46.5% 62.2% 53.2% 48.2% 51.8% 41.5% 52.4% 47.6% 35.3% 37.8% 46.8%
Alcohol, Clothing, Communication Education Food, non- Furnishings, Healthcare Housing, Recreation, Restaurants, Transport Other3 tobacco footwear alcoholic household water culture hotels beverages equipment and electricity routine maintenance of Consumer spending1 in US$4 the house House maintenance2
2,295.0 2,326.2 1,934.8 2,117.1 1,654.6 1,749.2 1,828.4 1,809.5 1,747.6
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Note: Regional average value is calculated using data from the countries covered by the sources 1: Average consumer spending per capita of private households 2: Furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house 3: Miscellaneous goods and services (according to the Classification of Individual Consumption Purposes) 4: Current US$, see glossary for definition of current and constant 5: CAGR 39 Source: Statista Consumer Market Outlook, July 2020 (forecast adjusted for expected impact of COVID-19) 3.3 ECONOMIC INDICES
40 Economic Indices
• Global Competitiveness Index
• Human Development Index
• E-government development index
• Economic freedom in the world
• Corruption perceptions index
• Economic Complexity
41 Algeria takes 89th place in competitiveness
Percentile rankings in Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 in 2019
. Algeria ranks #89 in a comparison of 141 countries covered by the source.
. Percentile rank indicates the country’s place in the ranking, with 0 corresponding to lowest rank, and 100 to highest rank.
. The Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 includes 103 indicators of infrastructure, information and communications technology adoption, macroeconomic stability, efficiency enhancers, and innovation factors that determine the level of competitiveness of a country. . Competitiveness is a set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of an economy. . Highly competitive economies are more productive and have higher chances of long-term prosperity than less competitive economies.
42 Source: World Economic Forum 2019 In global comparison, Algeria has a medium score in human development
Rankings in Human Development Index in 2019
. With an index of 0.759, Algeria ranks #82 out of 189 countries and territories.
. The Human Development Index was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone. . The index is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living.
43 UN human development report 2019 Algeria ranks 120 in E-government development index
Rankings in E-government development index in 2019
. Algeria ranks #120 in a comparison of 193 countries covered by the source.
. Percentile rank indicates the country’s place in the ranking, with 0 corresponding to lowest rank, and 100 to highest rank.
. The Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 includes 103 indicators of infrastructure, information and communications technology adoption, macroeconomic stability, efficiency enhancers, and innovation factors that determine the level of competitiveness of a country. . Competitiveness is a set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of an economy. . Highly competitive economies are more productive and have higher chances of long-term prosperity than less competitive economies.
44 Source: UN E-government knowledge base Algeria ranks 169 in Economic freedom in the world
Rankings in Economic freedom in the world index in 2019
. Algeria ranks #169 in a comparison of 183 countries covered by the source.
. Hong Kong is the top country by index of economic freedom in the world. As of 2019, index of economic freedom in Hong Kong was 90.2 score. The top 5 countries also includes Singapore, New Zealand, Switzerland, and Australia.
. Economic freedom is the fundamental right of every human to control his or her own labor and property. In an economically free society, individuals are free to work, produce, consume, and invest in any way they please, with that freedom both protected by the state and unconstrained by the state. In economically free societies, governments allow labor, capital and goods to move freely, and refrain from coercion or constraint of liberty beyond the extent necessary to protect and maintain liberty itself. 100 represents the maximum freedom.
45 Source: Heritage Foundation Jan 2020 Algeria ranks #106 in Corruption perceptions
Rankings in Corruption perceptions index in 2019
. Algeria ranks #106 in a comparison of 198 countries covered by the source.
. The country's score in the corruption perceptions index was at 35 in 2019, up from 35 in the previous year.
. CPI Score relates to perceptions of the degree of corruption as seen by businesspeople and country analysts, and ranges between100 (highly clean) and 0 (highly corrupt).
46 Source: Transparency international 2019 Algeria ranks #122 in Economic Complexity
Rankings in Economic Complexity in 2018
. In 2018, Algeria obtained a score of -1.31 and thus ranked #122 in a comparison of 180 countries covered by the source.
. The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) ranking is released by the Harvard Growth Lab and is a measure of the amount of capabilities and knowhow of a given country determined by the diversity, ubiquity, and complexity of the products it exports.
. Economic development requires the accumulation of productive knowledge and its use in both more and more complex industries. Harvard Growth Lab’s Country Rankings assess the current state of a country’s productive knowledge, through the Economic Complexity Index (ECI). Countries improve their ECI by increasing the number and complexity of the products they successfully export.
47 Source: Harvard atlas of economic complexity 2018 4. TRADE
48 Overview
In 2016, Algeria exported $29.99B and imported $47.09B, resulting in a negative trade • Trade indicators balance of $-17.1B, compared to $87.32B in 2017. In 2016, Algeria's exports per capita were $0.70k and its imports per capita were $1.1k. • Trade with world Globally, Algeria ranks 62 in exports and 58 in imports. Algeria’s top trade categories include Mineral fuels, mineral oils; bituminous • Trade with Abu Dhabi substances; mineral waxes (HS Code: 27) ($30.1B) which represent 39.1% of the total trade of Algeria, Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts • Trade within sectors thereof (HS Code: 84) ($8.3B) which account for 10.8%, Electrical machinery and equipment; image/sound recorders and reproducers … (HS Code: 85) ($4.6B) which account for 5.9%, Vehicles; other than railway or tramway rolling stock … (HS Code: 87) ($3.5B) which account for 4.5%, and Iron or steel articles (HS Code: 73) ($3.2B) which account for 4.2%.
49 4.1 TRADE INDICATORS
50 Trade Indicators
• Logistics Performance Index
• Enabling Trade index
• Import & export value index
• Import & export value index (% of GDP)
• Import & export value index (annual growth)
51 Algeria ranks number 117 within the Logistics Performance Index
Scores in LP index in 2018
2,76 2,60 . Algeria ranks #117 in a comparison of 160 countries covered by the World Bank. 2,45 2,42 2,39 2,39 2,13 . The Logistics Performance Index is an interactive benchmarking tool created to help countries identify the challenges and opportunities they face in their performance on trade logistics and what they can do to improve their performance. The LPI 2018 allows for comparisons across 160 countries. The LPI is based on a worldwide survey of operators on the ground (global freight forwarders and express carriers), providing feedback on the logistics “friendliness” of the countries in which they operate and those with which they trade. They combine in-depth knowledge of the countries in which they operate with informed qualitative assessments of other countries where they trade and experience of global logistics environment.
Overall Customs Infrastructure International Logistic Tracking & Timeliness Shipments Competence Tracing
52 Source: World Bank LPI 2018 Algeria ranks number 121 within enabling trade index.
Scores in Enabling trade index in 2016
3,82 . Algeria ranks #121 in a comparison of 136 countries covered 3,69 3,70 3,74 3,51 by the source. 3,30 3,18 . The Enabling Trade Index (ETI), which assesses the 3,00 performance of 136 economies on domestic and foreign market access; border administration; transport and digital infrastructure; transport services; and operating environment. Produced every two years, the report is a benchmark for leaders looking to boost growth and development through trade.
Overall Domestic market Foreign market Efficiency and Availability & Availability & Availability & Operating access access transparency of quality of quality of use of ICTs environment border transport border administration infrastructure transport services
53 Source: World Bank 2018 Algeria’s import indicators over time
Algeria's import value index is at 502.22 in 2018 (2000=100). The import share of GDP amounts to 33.2% in 2018.
Import Value Index (2000=100) Import of Good & Services (% of GDP) Import of Good & Services (% Annual Growth)
10 8.40 700 638.75 40 36.52 35.05 6.90 33.22 8 600 563.76 35 31.93 32.34 513.46 502.22 503.73 6 30 500 4 400 25 2 20 300 0 15 2014 2015 -20162.80 2017 2018 200 -2 -3.60 10 -4 100 5 -6 -7.10 0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 0 -8 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
54 Source: World Bank 2018 Algeria’s export indicators over time
Algeria’s export value index has decreased compared to 2014 and is at 186.86 in 2018 (2000=100). The exports share of GDP amounts to 25.6% in 2018.
Export Value Index (2000=100) Export of Good & Services (% of GDP) Export of Good & Services (% Annual Growth)
300 7.00 272.62 35 8 30.22 250 30 6 25.62 186.86 25 23.17 22.66 4 200 20.87 157.36 159.73 20 2 0.50 150 136.29 0.20 0 15 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 100 -2 10 -4.30 50 -4 5 -6.10 -6 0 0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 -8
55 Source: World Bank 2018 4.2 TRADE WITH WORLD
56 Trade with World
. Export & Import trade flows
. Shares in merchandise trade export and import
. Export and import flows
. Trade Balance
. Top export and import partners
. Top trade categories and products
. Top export categories and products
. Top import categories and products
57 Algeria registered a lower export trade flow than the regional average in 2018
Export trade flows of total merchandise1 Import trade flows of total merchandise1
100 2012 = 100% 120 2012 = 100%
90 110
80 100
70
90 60
80 50
40 70 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
: Goods that add or subtract from the stock of material resources of a country by entering (imports) or leaving (exports) its economic territory 58 Source: World Trade Organization 2020, Statista 2020 The share of manufacturers in merchandise exports is higher than the regional average in 2018.
Shares in merchandise1 trade export values in 2018 Shares in merchandise1 trade import values in 2018
0.9 0.7 Algeria Algeria 0.6 North Africa North Africa
0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.1 0.0 0.0 Manufactureres Fuels & mining Agricultural products Manufactureres Fuels & mining Agricultural products
59 Source: World Trade Organization 2020, Statista 2020 In 2018, total merchandise exports of manufacturers amounted to US$2 billion
Merchandise export trade flows in billion US$ Merchandise import trade flows in billion US$
0 10 +7.4% CAGR 0 -8.9% CAGR 0
13 11 34 11 0 11 4 71 10 5 3 10 0 6 64 2 3 59 0 0 39 39 42 33 34 38 34 28 34 35 34
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Manufacturers Fuels & mining Agricultural products 60 Source: World Trade Organization 2020 Algeria is the 62nd largest exporter in the world
In 2016, Algeria exported $29.99B and imported $47.09B, resulting in a negative trade balance of $-17.1B, compared to $87.32B in 2017. In 2016, Algeria's exports per capita were $0.70k and its imports per capita were $1.1k. Globally, Algeria ranks 62 in exports and 58 in imports. Countries with which Algeria has the highest surplus are Canada, Netherlands and Italy.
Trade balance in billion US$ Countries where Algeria earned the highest trade surpluses in 2016, in billion US$ 1,55
2014 2015 2016
0,78 0,72 0,56 0,45 0,41 0,38 0,31 0,30 0,24
USA Canada Netherlands Italy Singapore Brazil Belgium Spain United Portugal Kingdom
61 Source: World Bank 2020 35% of Algeria’s exports with 15 trade partners
Algeria exported $30.0B in 2016, making it the 62nd largest exporter in the world. During the last 3 years the exports of Algeria have decreased at an annualized rate of - 29.5%, from $60.4B in 2014 to $30.0B in 2016. Algeria’s top export destinations include Italy ($5.2B), Spain ($3.9B), USA ($3.9B), France ($3.4B), and Brazil ($1.6B). Algeria imported $47.1B in 2016, making it the 58th largest importer in the world. During the last 3 years the imports of 2 have decreased at an annualized rate of -10.4%, from $58.6B in 2014 to $47.1B in 2016. Algeria’s top import origins are China ($8.4B), France ($4.8B), Italy ($4.6B), Spain ($3.6B), and Germany ($3.0B).
Top 15 Export partners in 2016 in billion US$ Top 15 Import partners in 2016 in billion US$
5,21 8,41
3,88 3,87 3,42 4,77 4,65 3,57 3,02 1,62 1,47 1,34 1,30 2,32 1,06 1,94 0,99 0,85 1,33 0,60 1,21 1,09 0,94 0,51 0,50 0,48 0,76 0,75 0,65 0,61
Italy Spain USA France BrazilNetherlandsTurkey Canada United BelgiumPortugalTunisiaSingaporeMorocco India China France Italy SpainGermany USA TurkeyArgentinaBrazil Rep. of India UnitedNetherlands Saudi Portugal Kingdom Korea Kingdom Arabia
62 Source: World Bank 2020 78.0% of Algeria’s trade comes from 10 categories Algeria’s top trade categories include Mineral fuels, mineral oils; bituminous substances; mineral waxes (HS Code: 27) ($30.1B) which represent 39.1% of the total trade of Algeria, Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof (HS Code: 84) ($8.3B) which account for 10.8%, Electrical machinery and equipment; image/sound recorders and reproducers … (HS Code: 85) ($4.6B) which account for 5.9%, Vehicles; other than railway or tramway rolling stock … (HS Code: 87) ($3.5B) which account for 4.5%, and Iron or steel articles (HS Code: 73) ($3.2B) which account for 4.2%. Algeria’s top trade products include Oils; petroleum oils and oils … (HS Code: 270900) ($11.3B) which represent 14.7% of the total trade of Algeria, Petroleum gases and other gaseous … (HS Code: 271121) ($6.4B) which account for 8.3%, Petroleum oils and oils from … (HS Code: 271012) ($3.8B) which account for 5.0%, Petroleum gases and other gaseous … (HS Code: 271111) ($3.0B) which account for 3.9%, and Petroleum oils and oils from … (HS Code: 271019) ($2.6B) which account for 3.3%.
Top 10 trade categories in 2016 in billion US$ Top 10 trade products in 2016 in billion US$ 1,15 2,03 11,34 2,78 2,18 16,98 3,49 3,20 2,25 4,57 6,40 8,30 30,15 Mineral fuels, mineral oils; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 3,83 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 3,04 2,57 Electrical machinery and equipment; image/sound recorders and reproducers … 1,32 1,24 1,11 Vehicles; other than railway or tramway rolling stock … 1,00 0,77 Iron or steel articles Cereals Oils; Petroleum Petroleum Petroleum Petroleum Petroleum Cereals; Iron or non- Petroleum Cereals; Iron and steel petroleum gases and oils and oils gases and oils and oils gases and wheat alloy steel; gases and maize oils and oils other from … other from … other and bars … other (corn), Plastics and articles thereof … gaseous … gaseous … gaseous … meslin, gaseous … other Pharmaceutical products other … than … Sugars and sugar confectionery Rest
63 Source: World Bank 2020 99.6% of Algeria’s exports comes from 10 categories Algeria’s top export categories include Mineral fuels, mineral oils; bituminous substances; mineral waxes (HS Code: 27) ($28.6B) which represent 95.3% of the total export of Algeria, Fertilizers (HS Code: 31) ($0.4B) which account for 1.5%, Inorganic chemicals; precious metals … (HS Code: 28) ($0.3B) which account for 1.2%, Sugars and sugar confectionery (HS Code: 17) ($0.2B) which account for 0.8%, and Organic chemicals (HS Code: 29) ($0.1B) which account for 0.3%. Algeria’s top export products include Oils; petroleum oils and oils … (HS Code: 270900) ($11.3B) which represent 37.8% of the total export of Algeria, Petroleum gases and other gaseous … (HS Code: 271121) ($6.4B) which account for 21.3%, Petroleum gases and other gaseous … (HS Code: 271111) ($3.0B) which account for 10.1%, Petroleum oils and oils from … (HS Code: 271012) ($3.0B) which account for 10.1%, and Petroleum oils and oils from … (HS Code: 271019) ($2.0B) which account for 6.8%.
Top 10 export categories in 2016 in billion US$ Top 10 trade products in 2016 in billion US$
0,12 11,33 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,45 0,35 6,40 0,23 0,08 0,07 Mineral fuels, mineral oils; bituminous substances; mineral waxes 3,04 3,03 Fertilizers 2,03 Inorganic chemicals; precious metals … 1,32 1,00 Sugars and sugar confectionery 0,45 0,40 0,23 28,59 Organic chemicals Oils; Petroleum Petroleum Petroleum Petroleum Petroleum Petroleum Fertilizers, Oils and Sugars; Salt; sulphur; earths, stone; plastering materials, lime and cement petroleum gases and gases and oils and oils oils and oils gases and gases and mineral or other sucrose, Fruit and nuts, edible; peel of citrus fruit or melons oils and oils other other from … from … other other chemical; products chemically Electrical machinery and equipment; image/sound recorders and reproducers … … gaseous … gaseous … gaseous … gaseous …nitrogenous, … of … pure, in … Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof Glass and glassware Rest
64 Source: World Bank 2020 66.4% of Algeria’s imports comes from 10 categories Algeria’s top import categories include Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof (HS Code: 84) ($8.3B) which represent 17.6% of the total import of Algeria, Electrical machinery and equipment; image/sound recorders and reproducers … (HS Code: 85) ($4.5B) which account for 9.6%, Vehicles; other than railway or tramway rolling stock … (HS Code: 87) ($3.5B) which account for 7.4%, Iron or steel articles (HS Code: 73) ($3.2B) which account for 6.8%, and Cereals (HS Code: 10) ($2.8B) which account for 5.9%. Algeria’s top import products include Cereals; wheat and meslin, other … (HS Code: 100199) ($1.2B) which represent 2.6% of the total import of Algeria, Iron or non- alloy steel; bars … (HS Code: 721420) ($1.1B) which account for 2.4%, Petroleum oils and oils from … (HS Code: 271012) ($0.8B) which account for 1.7%, Cereals; maize (corn), other than … (HS Code: 100590) ($0.8B) which account for 1.6%, and Medicaments; consisting of mixed or … (HS Code: 300490) ($0.8B) which account for 1.6%.
Top 10 import categories in 2016 in billion US$ Top 10 import products in 2016 in billion US$
0,99 1,24 2,02 1,11 2,25 2,18 15,80 2,78 1,56 0,80 0,77 0,76 0,75 3,20 0,70 0,66 0,63 0,62 3,49 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof 4,54 8,28 Electrical machinery and equipment; image/sound recorders and reproducers … Vehicles; other than railway or tramway rolling stock … Iron or steel articles Cereals Iron and steel Cereals; Iron or non- Petroleum Cereals; Medicaments; Sugars; Iron or Telephones Iron or steel Vehicles; Plastics and articles thereof wheat alloy steel; oils and oils maize consisting of cane steel; for cellular (excluding with only and bars … from … (corn), mixed or … sugar, raw, structures networks or … cast … spark- Pharmaceutical products meslin, other in … and … ignition Mineral fuels, mineral oils; bituminous substances; mineral waxes other … than … internal … Dairy produce; birds’ eggs; natural honey … Rest
65 Source: World Bank 2020 Export Growth by Market
Algeria’s fastest growing export markets are South Korea with $942M (+ 119%), Italy with $862M (+ 16.1%) and United Kingdom with $822M (+ 44.8%)
Total Export Growth by Market (2017 - 2018) FASTEST GROWING EXPORT MARKETS (2017 - 2018)
. South Korea $942M (+ 119%) . Italy $862M (+ 16.1%) . United Kingdom $822M (+ 44.8%)
66 Source: OECD world 2018 Import Growth by Market
Algeria’s fastest growing import markets are France with $917M (+ 17.9%), Spain with $755M (+ 23.5%) and United Arab Emirates with $468M (+ 213%)
Total Import Growth by Market (2017 - 2018) FASTEST GROWING IMPORT MARKETS (2017 - 2018)
. France $917M (+ 17.9%) . Spain $755M (+ 23.5%) . United Arab Emirates $468M (+ 213%)
67 Source: OECD world 2018 4.3 TRADE WITH ABU DHABI
68 Trade with Abu Dhabi
. Exports, imports and trade balance
. Top trade categories and products
. Top export categories and products
. Top import categories and products
69 Algeria makes up 0.1% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade volume
Abu Dhabi’s export value to Algeria was 112.9 mAED in 2019. The main export categories have been Plastics and articles thereof, Iron and steel and Vehicles; other than railway or tramway rolling stock … and the average annual growth rate was -7.4% between 2015 and 2019. Total imports from Algeria had an average annual growth rate of -69.7% between 2015 and 2019 and amounted to 0.0 mAED in 2019. Main categories were Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other printing products …, Apparel and clothing accessories; knitted or crocheted and Electrical machinery and equipment; image/sound recorders and reproducers …. In Total, Abu dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria of 112.8 mAED in 2019.
Exports to Algeria, in million AED bAED Growth in % 100% 300 100 205.96 118.16 123.70 129.50 Trade balance, in million AED 200 153.46 140.14 50 5% 5% 5% -9% 102.99 112.87 100 -27% 0 250 -45% 205.48 0 -50 200 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 147.82 139.89 150 102.91 112.83 Imports from Algeria, in million AED 100
bAED Growth in % 50 5.64 6 467% 600 0 400 4 0.24 200 2 -25% -25% -25% -96% -65% -90% 0 0.09 0.48 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0 -200 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 70 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center 86% of Abu Dhabi’s trade with Algeria among 5 categories
The total value of the trade between Algeria and Abu Dhabi in 2019 is equal to 112.92 mAED (30.79 mUS$). The top traded products are Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … (HS code: 390120) (28.49 mAED), Iron or non-alloy steel; H … (HS code: 721633) (25.62 mAED), Vehicle parts and accessories; n.e.c. … (HS code: 870899) (16.34 mAED), Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … (HS code: 390140) (8.46 mAED) and Aluminium; unwrought, alloys (HS code: 760120) (5.81 mAED).
Top trade categories with Algeria in 2019, in million AED Value Value Top trade products with Algeria in 2019 Code 39,92 (mAED) (mUS$) Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … 390120 28.487 7.768
28,22 Iron or non-alloy steel; H … 721633 25.617 6.986 Vehicle parts and accessories; n.e.c. … 870899 16.34 4.456
16,69 Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … 390140 8.463 2.308
Aluminium; unwrought, alloys 760120 5.811 1.585 9,02 Aluminium; unwrought, (not alloyed) 760110 3.21 0.875 3,40 Derivatives of hydrocarbons; containing only … 290410 2.918 0.796 Plastics and Iron and steel Vehicles; other Aluminium and Organic articles thereof than railway or articles thereof chemicals Uncoated paper and paperboard (not … 480255 2.452 0.669 tramway rolling stock … Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled, … 721049 2.408 0.657 Surveying equipment; parts and accessories … 901590 1.924 0.525
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 71 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center 86% of Abu Dhabi’s exports to Algeria are within 5 categories
Abu Dhabi's export value to Algeria was 112.87 mAED (30.78 mUS$) in 2019. The top export products are Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … (HS code: 390120) (28.49 mAED), Iron or non-alloy steel; H … (HS code: 721633) (25.62 mAED), Vehicle parts and accessories; n.e.c. … (HS code: 870899) (16.34 mAED), Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … (HS code: 390140) (8.46 mAED) and Aluminium; unwrought, alloys (HS code: 760120) (5.81 mAED).
Value Value Top categories for export to Algeria in 2019, in million AED Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code (mAED) (mUS$) 39,92 Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … 390120 28.487 7.768
Iron or non-alloy steel; H … 721633 25.617 6.986 28,22 Vehicle parts and accessories; n.e.c. … 870899 16.34 4.456
Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … 390140 8.463 2.308 16,69 Aluminium; unwrought, alloys 760120 5.811 1.585
9,02 Aluminium; unwrought, (not alloyed) 760110 3.21 0.875
3,40 Derivatives of hydrocarbons; containing only … 290410 2.918 0.796
Uncoated paper and paperboard (not … 480255 2.452 0.669 Plastics and Iron and steel Vehicles; other Aluminium and Organic articles thereof than railway or articles thereof chemicals Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled, … 721049 2.408 0.657 tramway rolling stock … Surveying equipment; parts and accessories … 901590 1.924 0.525
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 72 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center 100% of Abu Dhabi’s imports from Algeria are within 5 categories
Abu Dhabi's import value from Algeria was 47.82 kAED (13.04 kUS$) in 2019. The top import products are Printed matter; books, brochures, leaflets … (HS code: 490199) (45.00 kAED), Negligees, bathrobes, dressing gowns and … (HS code: 610892) (1.00 kAED), Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and … (HS code: 611020) (1.00 kAED), Electrical apparatus; fuses, for a … (HS code: 853610) (1.00 kAED) and Singlets and other vests, briefs, … (HS code: 620891) ( kAED).
Value Value Top categories for import from Algeria in 2019, in thousand AED Top products for import from Algeria in 2019 Code (kAED) (kUS$) 44,99 Printed matter; books, brochures, leaflets … 490199 45 12
Negligees, bathrobes, dressing gowns and … 610892 1 186.285
Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and … 611020 1 126.878
Electrical apparatus; fuses, for a … 853610 1 123.167
Singlets and other vests, briefs, … 620891 416.539 113.591
Blouses, shirts and shirt-blouses; women's … 620610 399.753 109.014
1,76 0,59 0,48 Printed books, Apparel and clothing Electrical machinery Apparel and clothing newspapers, pictures accessories; knitted or and equipment; accessories; not knitted and other printing crocheted image/sound recorders or crocheted products … and reproducers …
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 73 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center 4.4 TRADE WITHIN SECTORS
74 Trade within sectors
Content within each sector: Target Sectors: Food & Beverages . Total import and export per sector Gold & Jewelry . Top export and import products Construction & Building Materials . Trade with Abu Dhabi: Imports, exports, growth Plastics and Packaging rates and trade balance Pharma & Medical equipment . Trade with Abu Dhabi: Top export categories and Perfumes and Cosmetics products Electrical Machinery & Apparatus . Trade with Abu Dhabi: Top import categories and Textiles products Vehicles & Transport Equipment Chemical Products Base Metals Optical & Accessories Miscellaneous manufactured articles
75 Electrical Machinery makes up 16.7% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Electrical Machinery sector was equivalent to 51.59 mUS$, with major export products being Insulated electric conductors; for a … (HS code: 854460) (18.8 mUS$), Washing machines; household or laundry-type, … (HS code: 845011) (13.5 mUS$), Machinery; for manufacture or finishing … (HS code: 844900) (5.1 mUS$), Waste and scrap of primary … (HS code: 854810)(3.7 mUS$) and Reception apparatus for television, whether … (HS code: 852872)(3.3 mUS$). Electrical Machinery imports in 2016 amounted to 12,825.27 mUS$. Major import products are Telephones for cellular networks or … (HS code: 851712) (658.3 mUS$), Turbines; parts of gas turbines … (HS code: 841199) (466.8 mUS$), Reception apparatus for television, whether … (HS code: 852872) (369.8 mUS$), Telephone sets and other apparatus … (HS code: 851770) (347.8 mUS$) and Boards, panels, consoles, desks and … (HS code: 853710)(324.6 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Electrical Machinery sector makes up 16.7% of Algeria’s total trade.
Electrical Machinery exports in million US$ Top Electrical Machinery export products in Top Electrical Machinery import products in 51.59 Code Value (mUS$) Code Value (mUS$) 2016 2016
Insulated electric conductors; for a … 854460 18.825 Telephones for cellular networks or … 851712 658.251 Washing machines; household or laundry-type, 845011 13.515 Turbines; parts of gas turbines … 841199 466.758 … 10.59 13.27 Machinery; for manufacture or finishing … 844900 5.148 Reception apparatus for television, whether … 852872 369.767
2014 2015 2016 Waste and scrap of primary … 854810 3.687 Telephone sets and other apparatus … 851770 347.782
Electrical Machinery imports in million US$ Reception apparatus for television, whether … 852872 3.278 Boards, panels, consoles, desks and … 853710 324.563
28,492.20 Boring or sinking machinery; parts … 843143 1.405 Boring and sinking machinery; not … 843049 202.191 Reception and transmission apparatus; aerials 852910 1.088 Air conditioning machines; comprising a … 841510 201.092 15,248.97 … 12,825.27 Semiconductor media; smart cards, whether … 852352 0.83 Taps, cocks, valves and similar … 848180 196.835
Electronic integrated circuits; n.e.c. in … 854239 0.764 Pumps and compressors; for air, … 841480 162.688
2014 2015 2016 Insulated electric conductors; for a … 854449 0.305 Mechanical shovels, excavators and shovel … 842952 155.105
76 Source: World Bank 2020 Electrical Machinery makes up 3.1% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Electrical Machinery sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 3,524.85kAED (961.24kUS$) in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 3,525.44kAED (961.40kUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.59 kAED (0.16 kUS$). Overall, trade within the Electrical Machinery sector made up 3.1% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 3.4% in 2018.
Electrical Machinery exports in thousand Electrical Machinery imports in thousand AED AED 248.28 10,000 8,883.57 250 Electrical Machinery trade balance in thousand AED 8,000 6,715.89 200 6,000 5,418.53 150 3,525.44 4,000 2,843.67 2,293.75 100 10,000 8,883.57 1,850.17 2,000 951.09 50 8,000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.59 6,467.62 0 0 5,418.53 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 6,000 4,000 3,524.85 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 2,000 951.09 470% 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
24% -19% -19% -19% -48% -100% 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 -89% 2019
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 77 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Electrical Machinery makes up 3.1% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Electrical Machinery makes up 3.1% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 3,525.44kAED (961.40kUS$) to Algeria. Major export products are Sound recording or reproducing apparatus; … (HS code: 851950) (1.52 mAED), Machinery; for filtering or purifying … (HS code: 842139) (1.11 mAED), Valves; safety or relief valves, … (HS code: 848140)(0.27 mAED), Ignition or starting equipment; parts … (HS code: 851190)(0.12 mAED), Engines; hydraulic power engines and … (HS code: 841221)(0.11 mAED).
Sector Electrical Machinery: Top categories for export to Value Value Electrical Machinery: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code Algeria in 2019, in million AED (mAED) (mUS$)
Sound recording or reproducing apparatus; … 851950 1.519 0.414 1.79 1.74 Machinery; for filtering or purifying … 842139 1.113 0.303
Valves; safety or relief valves, … 848140 0.272 0.074
Ignition or starting equipment; parts … 851190 0.124 0.034
Engines; hydraulic power engines and … 841221 0.11 0.03
Furnaces; furnace burners, for pulverized … 841620 0.091 0.025
Electric accumulators; parts n.e.c. in … 850790 0.087 0.024
Machinery, plant and laboratory equipment; … 841989 0.059 0.016 Electrical machinery and equipment; image/sound Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and recorders and reproducers … mechanical appliances; parts thereof Carbon; lamp carbons, battery carbons … 854590 0.059 0.016
Machines and mechanical appliances; parts, … 847990 0.043 0.012
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 78 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Electrical Machinery makes up 1.2% of Abu Dhabi's imports from Algeria
Electrical Machinery makes up 1.2% of Abu Dhabi's imports from Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi imported 0.59 kAED (0.16 kUS$) to Algeria. Major import products are Electrical apparatus; fuses, for a … (HS code: 853610)(1.00 kAED).
Sector Electrical Machinery: Top categories for import from Value Value Electrical Machinery: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code Algeria in 2019, in thousand AED (kAED) (kUS$)
0.59 Electrical apparatus; fuses, for a … 853610 1 259.354
Electrical machinery and equipment; image/sound recorders and reproducers …
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 79 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Gold & Jewellery makes up 0.0% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Gold & Jewellery sector was equivalent to 0.00 mUS$, with major export products being (HS code: ) ( mUS$), (HS code: ) ( mUS$), (HS code: ) ( mUS$), (HS code: ) ( mUS$) and (HS code: ) ( mUS$). Gold & Jewellery imports in 2016 amounted to 7.91 mUS$. Major import products are Jewellery; imitation, of other than … (HS code: 711790) (3.3 mUS$), Jewellery; imitation, (excluding cuff links … (HS code: 711719) (2.5 mUS$), Metal; precious or metal clad … (HS code: 711590) (0.8 mUS$), Stones; precious or semi-precious, synthetic … (HS code: 710490) (0.4 mUS$) and Pearls; articles of natural or … (HS code: 711610)(0.4 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Gold & Jewellery sector makes up 0.0% of Algeria’s total trade.
Gold & Jewellery exports in million US$ 0.00 Top Gold & Jewellery export products in 2016 Code Value (mUS$) Top Gold & Jewellery import products in 2016 Code Value (mUS$)
Jewellery; imitation, of other than … 711790 3.345 0.00 Jewellery; imitation, (excluding cuff links … 711719 2.478
Metal; precious or metal clad … 711590 0.831
2014 2015 Stones; precious or semi-precious, synthetic … 710490 0.448
Gold & Jewellery imports in million US$ Pearls; articles of natural or … 711610 0.411
14.03 Metals; gold, semi-manufactured 710813 0.152 10.36 Metals; silver, semi-manufactured 710692 0.08 7.91 Stones; precious or semi-precious stones … 711620 0.068
Jewellery; imitation, cuff links and … 711711 0.036
2014 2015 2016 Stones; precious or semi-precious, synthetic … 710420 0.022
80 Source: World Bank 2020 Gold & Jewellery trade with Algeria
Within the Gold & Jewellery sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to kAED(0.82 kUS$) in 2015. In 2015, Abu Dhabi exported 3.00 kAED (0.82 kUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.00 kAED (0.00 kUS$). Overall, trade within the Gold & Jewellery sector made up 0.0% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2015 compared to 0.0% in 2014.
Gold & Jewellery exports in thousand AED Gold & Jewellery imports in thousand AED
3.00 3.0 1.0 Gold & Jewellery trade balance in thousand 2.5 0.8 AED 2.0 0.6 1.5 3.00 0.4 3.0 1.0 0.5 0.2 2.5 0.00 0.0 0.0 2.0 2015 2015 1.5 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 1.0 0.5 0.0 2015.0 2015.2 2015.4 2015.6 2015.8 2016.0
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 81 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Gold & Jewellery exports to Algeria
Within the sector Gold & Jewellery, there were no exports to Algeria in 2019
82 Gold & Jewellery imports from Algeria
Within the sector Gold & Jewellery, there were no imports fromAlgeria in 2019
83 Vehicles & Transport Equipment makes up 5.7% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Vehicles & Transport Equipment sector was equivalent to 2.34 mUS$, with major export products being Aircraft launching gear, deck-arrestor or … (HS code: 880510) (0.8 mUS$), Tankers (HS code: 890120) (0.8 mUS$), Aircraft and spacecraft; parts of … (HS code: 880330) (0.4 mUS$), Vehicles; bodies (including cabs) for … (HS code: 870790) (0.2 mUS$) and Rail locomotives and locomotive tenders; … (HS code: 860290)(0.1 mUS$). Vehicles & Transport Equipment imports in 2016 amounted to 4,406.89 mUS$. Major import products are Vehicles; with only spark-ignition internal … (HS code: 870322) (616.8 mUS$), Vehicles; with only compression-ignition internal … (HS code: 870332) (365.1 mUS$), Tractors; road, for semi-trailers (HS code: 870120) (318.9 mUS$), Aeroplanes and other aircraft; of … (HS code: 880240) (310.3 mUS$) and Vehicles; compression-ignition internal combustion piston … (HS code: 870421)(218.8 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Vehicles & Transport Equipment sector makes up 5.7% of Algeria’s total trade.
Vehicles & Transport Equipment exports in million US$ Top Vehicles & Transport Equipment export Top Vehicles & Transport Equipment import 21.99 Code Value (mUS$) Code Value (mUS$) products in 2016 products in 2016
Aircraft launching gear, deck-arrestor or … 880510 0.801 Vehicles; with only spark-ignition internal … 870322 616.839 Vehicles; with only compression-ignition Tankers 890120 0.785 870332 365.079 internal … 3.00 2.34 Aircraft and spacecraft; parts of … 880330 0.364 Tractors; road, for semi-trailers 870120 318.912
2014 2015 2016 Vehicles; bodies (including cabs) for … 870790 0.233 Aeroplanes and other aircraft; of … 880240 310.348 Vehicles; compression-ignition internal Vehicles & Transport Equipment imports in Rail locomotives and locomotive tenders; … 860290 0.067 870421 218.794 million US$ combustion piston … Vehicles; compression-ignition internal 10,716.94 Cycles; parts thereof, n.e.c. in … 871499 0.047 870423 213.805 combustion piston … Vehicles; compression-ignition internal 7,263.53 Vehicles; with only spark-ignition internal … 870322 0.019 870422 210.501 combustion piston … 4,406.89 Vehicles; with only spark-ignition internal … 870323 0.014 Vehicles; with only spark-ignition internal … 870323 202.523 Containers; (including containers for transport Vehicles; break-down lorries, road-sweepers, 860900 0.004 870590 155.916 … spraying … 2014 2015 2016 Vehicle parts and accessories; n.e.c. … 870899 0.003 Aircraft and spacecraft; parts of … 880330 152.047
84 Source: World Bank 2020 Vehicles & Transport Equipment makes up 14.8% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Vehicles & Transport Equipment sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 16.69 mAED (4.55 mUS$) in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 16.69 mAED (4.55 mUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.00 mAED (0.00 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Vehicles & Transport Equipment sector made up 14.8% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 49.2% in 2018.
Vehicles & Transport Equipment exports in Vehicles & Transport Equipment imports in million AED million AED 120 0.25 0.23 101.44 Vehicles & Transport Equipment trade 100 0.20 balance in million AED 80 0.15 60 0.10 34.01 0.10 120 40 28.93 26.83 101.21 16.69 21.16 20 10.38 0.05 100 6.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 80 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 60 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 40 28.83 16.69 20 6.10 10.38 877% 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
374% 27% 27% 27% -64% -84% -100% -100% 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2017 2019
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 85 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Vehicles & Transport Equipment makes up 14.8% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Vehicles & Transport Equipment makes up 14.8% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 16.69 mAED (4.55 mUS$) to Algeria. Major export products are Vehicle parts and accessories; n.e.c. … (HS code: 870899) (16.34 mAED), Vehicles; spark-ignition internal combustion piston … (HS code: 870431) (0.23 mAED), Vehicles; with only spark-ignition internal … (HS code: 870324)(0.11 mAED), Vehicles; with only spark-ignition internal … (HS code: 870323)(0.02 mAED).
Sector Vehicles & Transport Equipment: Top categories for Value Value Vehicles & Transport Equipment: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code export to Algeria in 2019, in million AED (mAED) (mUS$)
16.69 Vehicle parts and accessories; n.e.c. … 870899 16.34 4.456 Vehicles; spark-ignition internal combustion piston … 870431 0.226 0.062
Vehicles; with only spark-ignition internal … 870324 0.105 0.029
Vehicles; with only spark-ignition internal … 870323 0.02 0.005
Vehicles; other than railway or tramway rolling stock …
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 86 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Vehicles & Transport Equipment imports from Algeria
Within the sector Vehicles & Transport Equipment, there were no imports from Algeria in 2019
87 Base Metal & Articles makes up 8.7% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Base Metal & Articles sector was equivalent to 4.74 mUS$, with major export products being Slag, ash and residues; (not … (HS code: 262019) (1.7 mUS$), Zinc; unwrought, (not alloyed), containing … (HS code: 790111) (1.3 mUS$), Tools, interchangeable; rock drilling or … (HS code: 820719) (0.8 mUS$), Iron or steel; structures and … (HS code: 730840) (0.4 mUS$) and Iron or steel (excluding cast … (HS code: 730629)(0.1 mUS$). Base Metal & Articles imports in 2016 amounted to 6,719.19 mUS$. Major import products are Iron or non-alloy steel; bars … (HS code: 721420) (1,108.1 mUS$), Iron or steel; structures and … (HS code: 730890) (697.1 mUS$), Iron or steel (excluding cast … (HS code: 730429) (629.9 mUS$), Iron or steel (excluding cast … (HS code: 730419) (333.5 mUS$) and Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished … (HS code: 720711)(175.8 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Base Metal & Articles sector makes up 8.7% of Algeria’s total trade.
Base Metal & Articles exports in million US$ Top Base Metal & Articles export products in Top Base Metal & Articles import products in 36.12 Code Value (mUS$) Code Value (mUS$) 2016 2016 27.87 Slag, ash and residues; (not … 262019 1.709 Iron or non-alloy steel; bars … 721420 1108.095
Zinc; unwrought, (not alloyed), containing … 790111 1.305 Iron or steel; structures and … 730890 697.076
4.74 Tools, interchangeable; rock drilling or … 820719 0.775 Iron or steel (excluding cast … 730429 629.904
2014 2015 2016 Iron or steel; structures and … 730840 0.369 Iron or steel (excluding cast … 730419 333.541
Base Metal & Articles imports in million US$ Iron or steel (excluding cast … 730629 0.142 Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished … 720711 175.791
13,989.69 Tools, interchangeable; (for machine or … 820770 0.077 Copper; wire, of refined copper, … 740811 148.56
Iron or steel; articles n.e.c. … 732690 0.056 Iron or steel (excluding cast … 730411 143.202 7,412.19 6,719.19 Iron or steel; tube or … 730799 0.051 Cooking appliances and plate warmers; … 732111 111.143
Iron or steel; threaded screws … 731815 0.022 Iron or steel; articles n.e.c. … 732690 99.993
2014 2015 2016 Tools, hand; pipe-cutters, bolt croppers, … 820340 0.018 Iron or steel; structures and … 730840 89.672
88 Source: World Bank 2020 Base Metal & Articles makes up 34.0% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Base Metal & Articles sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 38,405.50kAED (10,473.28 kUS$) in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 38,405.50 kAED (10,473.28 kUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.00 kAED (0.00 kUS$). Overall, trade within the Base Metal & Articles sector made up 34.0% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 17.5% in 2018.
Base Metal & Articles exports in thousand Base Metal & Articles imports in thousand AED AED 115,299.35 120,000 2.0 1.77 Base Metal & Articles trade balance in 100,000 88,330.29 thousand AED 1.5 80,000 69,365.34 60,000 38,405.50 28,577.15 1.0 115,297.58 120,000 40,000 36,206.96 21,263.97 0.5 20,000 15,822.31 100,000 88,330.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.0 80,000 69,365.34 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 60,000 36,206.96 38,405.50 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 40,000 20,000 6% 2016.0 2016.2 2016.4 2016.6 2016.8 2017.0 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 -21% -26% -26% -26% -23% -48%
-100%
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 89 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Base Metal & Articles makes up 34.0% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Base Metal & Articles makes up 34.0% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 38,405.50 kAED(10,473.28 kUS$) to Algeria. Major export products are Iron or non-alloy steel; H … (HS code: 721633) (25.62 mAED), Aluminium; unwrought, alloys (HS code: 760120) (5.81 mAED), Aluminium; unwrought, (not alloyed) (HS code: 760110)(3.21 mAED), Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled, … (HS code: 721049)(2.41 mAED), Cast iron; tubes, pipes and … (HS code: 730300)(0.71 mAED).
Sector Base Metal & Articles: Top categories for export to Value Value Base Metal & Articles: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code Algeria in 2019, in million AED (mAED) (mUS$)
28.22 Iron or non-alloy steel; H … 721633 25.617 6.986 Aluminium; unwrought, alloys 760120 5.811 1.585
Aluminium; unwrought, (not alloyed) 760110 3.21 0.875
Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled, … 721049 2.408 0.657
Cast iron; tubes, pipes and … 730300 0.71 0.194 9.02 Reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar … 730900 0.214 0.058
Iron or steel; cast articles, … 732599 0.194 0.053 1.17 Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled, … 721030 0.191 0.052 Iron and steel Aluminium and Iron or steel articles articles thereof Iron or steel; articles n.e.c. … 732690 0.033 0.009
Iron or steel; structures and … 730890 0.012 0.003
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 90 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Base Metal & Articles imports from Algeria
Within the sector Base Metal & Articles, there were no imports from Algeria in 2019
91 Mineral Products makes up 39.1% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Mineral Products sector was equivalent to 28,585.81 mUS$, with major export products being Oils; petroleum oils and oils … (HS code: 270900) (11,332.0 mUS$), Petroleum gases and other gaseous … (HS code: 271121) (6,400.2 mUS$), Petroleum gases and other gaseous … (HS code: 271111) (3,043.7 mUS$), Petroleum oils and oils from … (HS code: 271012) (3,033.4mUS$) and Petroleum oils and oils from … (HS code: 271019)(2,026.2mUS$). Mineral Products imports in 2016 amounted to 1,562.88 mUS$. Major import products are Petroleum oils and oils from … (HS code: 271012) (797.5 mUS$), Petroleum oils and oils from … (HS code: 271019) (538.8 mUS$), Petroleum bitumen; obtained from bituminous … (HS code: 271320) (185.1 mUS$), Coke and semi-coke; of coal, … (HS code: 270400) (21.3 mUS$) and Coal; anthracite, whether or not … (HS code: 270111)(4.8 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Mineral Products sector makes up 39.1% of Algeria’s total trade.
Mineral Products exports in million US$ 66,696.73 Top Mineral Products export products in 2016 Code Value (mUS$) Top Mineral Products import products in 2016 Code Value (mUS$) 58,713.99 Oils; petroleum oils and oils … 270900 11332.004 Petroleum oils and oils from … 271012 797.47
28,585.81 Petroleum gases and other gaseous … 271121 6400.241 Petroleum oils and oils from … 271019 538.813 Petroleum bitumen; obtained from bituminous Petroleum gases and other gaseous … 271111 3043.725 271320 185.138 … 2014 2015 2016 Petroleum oils and oils from … 271012 3033.446 Coke and semi-coke; of coal, … 270400 21.33
Mineral Products imports in million US$ Petroleum oils and oils from … 271019 2026.204 Coal; anthracite, whether or not … 270111 4.846
4,683.72 Petroleum gases and other gaseous … 271112 1318.475 Oils; petroleum oils and oils … 270900 4.081
2,843.74 Petroleum gases and other gaseous … 271113 999.752 Peat; (including peat litter), whether … 270300 2.962
1,562.88 Oils and other products of … 270799 395.575 Paraffin wax; containing by weight … 271220 2.807
Petroleum gases and other gaseous … 271129 23.527 Petroleum jelly 271210 1.593
2014 2015 2016 Electrical energy 271600 10.746 Bitumen and asphalt, natural; asphaltites … 271490 1.126
92 Source: World Bank 2020 Mineral Products makes up 0.8% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Mineral Products sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 0.95 mAED (0.26 mUS$) in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 0.95 mAED (0.26 mUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.00 mAED (0.00 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Mineral Products sector made up 0.8% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 16.4% in 2018.
Mineral Products exports in million AED Mineral Products imports in million AED
40 1.0 33.82 Mineral Products trade balance in million AED 30 0.8 0.6 20 33.82 0.4 35 10 0.2 30 0.95 0.00 0.00 25 0 0.0 2018 2019 2018 2019 20 15 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 10 5 0.95 0 2018 2019
-97% 2019
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 93 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Mineral Products makes up 0.8% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Mineral Products makes up 0.8% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 0.95 mAED (0.26 mUS$) to Algeria. Major export products are Petroleum oils and oils from… (HS code: 271019)(0.91 mAED), Petroleum oils and oils from … (HS code: 271012)(0.05 mAED).
Sector Mineral Products: Top categories for export to Algeria Value Value Mineral Products: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code in 2019, in million AED (mAED) (mUS$)
0.95 Petroleum oils and oils from … 271019 0.908 0.248 Petroleum oils and oils from … 271012 0.047 0.013
Mineral fuels, mineral oils; bituminous substances; mineral waxes
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 94 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Mineral Products imports from Algeria
Within the sector Mineral Products, there were no imports from Algeria in 2019
95 Food & Beverages makes up 12.2% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Food & Beverages sector was equivalent to 331.00 mUS$, with major export products being Sugars; sucrose, chemically pure, in … (HS code: 170199) (231.1 mUS$), Fruit, edible; dates, fresh or … (HS code: 80410) (37.5 mUS$), Cocoa; butter, fat and oil (HS code: 180400) (9.4 mUS$), Vegetable oils; soya-bean oil and … (HS code: 150790) (8.3 mUS$) and Locust beans (carob); fit for … (HS code: 121292)(3.8 mUS$). Food & Beverages imports in 2016 amounted to 9,064.80 mUS$. Major import products are Cereals; wheat and meslin, other … (HS code: 100199) (1,241.1 mUS$), Cereals; maize (corn), other than … (HS code: 100590) (768.4 mUS$), Sugars; cane sugar, raw, in … (HS code: 170114) (747.4 mUS$), Cereals; wheat and meslin, durum … (HS code: 100119) (549.3 mUS$) and Dairy produce; milk and cream, … (HS code: 40221)(542.4 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Food & Beverages sector makes up 12.2% of Algeria’s total trade.
Food & Beverages exports in million US$ Top Food & Beverages export products in Top Food & Beverages import products in 474.65 Code Value (mUS$) Code Value (mUS$) 2016 2016
325.96 331.00 Sugars; sucrose, chemically pure, in … 170199 231.112 Cereals; wheat and meslin, other … 100199 1241.081
Fruit, edible; dates, fresh or … 80410 37.502 Cereals; maize (corn), other than … 100590 768.361
Cocoa; butter, fat and oil 180400 9.403 Sugars; cane sugar, raw, in … 170114 747.437
2014 2015 2016 Vegetable oils; soya-bean oil and … 150790 8.323 Cereals; wheat and meslin, durum … 100119 549.316
Food & Beverages imports in million US$ Locust beans (carob); fit for … 121292 3.837 Dairy produce; milk and cream, … 40221 542.37
20,169.73 Waters; including mineral and aerated, … 220210 3.352 Oil-cake and other solid residues; … 230400 533.646
11,880.20 Non-alcoholic beverages; n.e.c. in item … 220290 3.229 Vegetable oils; soya-bean oil and … 150710 525.126 9,064.80 Sugars; molasses, from sugar cane, … 170310 2.7 Coffee; not roasted or decaffeinated 90111 301.174
Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or … 151219 2.528 Tobacco; homogenised or reconstituted 240391 284.555
2014 2015 2016 Vegetable products; fit for human … 121299 2.463 Dairy produce; milk and cream, … 40210 249.241
96 Source: World Bank 2020 Food & Beverages makes up 0.6% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Food & Beverages sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 706.05 kAED (192.54kUS$) in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 706.05kAED (192.54kUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.00 kAED (0.00 kUS$). Overall, trade within the Food & Beverages sector made up 0.6% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 0.2% in 2018.
Food & Beverages exports in thousand AED Food & Beverages imports in thousand AED
2,000 1,763.04 50 45.27 Food & Beverages trade balance in thousand AED 1,500 40 1,182.41 30 26.28 1,000 706.05 446.81 20 2,000 1,759.04 500 288.00 310.62 282.75 10 178.94 4.00 3.00 0.00 1,500 0 0 1,137.14 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 1,000 706.05 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 500 261.72 307.62 512% 2016 2017 2018 2019 0 -25% 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
127% -42% -85% -82% -37% -37% -37% -100% 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 -76%
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 97 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Food & Beverages makes up 0.6% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Food & Beverages makes up 0.6% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 706.05kAED (192.54kUS$)to Algeria. Major export products are Birds; live, other than birds … (HS code: 10639) (513.00 kAED), Horses; live, other than pure-bred … (HS code: 10129) (145.00 kAED), Birds; live, ostriches; emus (Dromaius … (HS code: 10633)(45.00 kAED),Fruit, edible; dates, fresh or … (HS code: 80410)(3.00 kAED).
Sector Food & Beverages: Top categories for export to Algeria Value Value Food & Beverages: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code in 2019, in thousand AED (kAED) (kUS$)
703.45 Birds; live, other than birds … 10639 513 140 Horses; live, other than pure-bred … 10129 145 40
Birds; live, ostriches; emus (Dromaius … 10633 45 12
Fruit, edible; dates, fresh or … 80410 3 1
2.60 Animals; live Fruit and nuts, edible; peel of citrus fruit or melons
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 98 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Food & Beverages imports from Algeria
Within the sector Food & Beverages, there were no imports from Algeria in 2019
99 Pharma & Medical Equipment makes up 4.3% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Pharma & Medical Equipment sector was equivalent to 87.83 mUS$, with major export products being Cyclic hydrocarbons; benzene (HS code: 290220) (34.8 mUS$), Alcohols; saturated monohydric, methanol (methyl … (HS code: 290511) (33.6 mUS$), Cyclic hydrocarbons; p-xylene (HS code: 290243) (7.1 mUS$), Medicaments; consisting of mixed or … (HS code: 300490)(5.3 mUS$) and Derivatives of hydrocarbons; n.e.c. in … (HS code: 290490)(2.8 mUS$). Pharma & Medical Equipment imports in 2016 amounted to 3,234.19 mUS$. Major import products are Medicaments; consisting of mixed or … (HS code: 300490) (756.0 mUS$), Blood, human or animal, antisera, … (HS code: 300210) (290.1 mUS$), Medicaments; containing insulin, for therapeutic … (HS code: 300431) (242.9 mUS$), Medicaments; containing antibiotics (other than … (HS code: 300420) (186.4mUS$) and Medicaments; (not containing antibiotics, hormones, … (HS code: 300390)(126.5mUS$). Overall, trade within the Pharma & Medical Equipment sector makes up 4.3% of Algeria’s total trade.
Pharma & Medical Equipment exports in million US$ Top Pharma & Medical Equipment export Top Pharma & Medical Equipment import 178.60 Code Value (mUS$) Code Value (mUS$) 175.24 products in 2016 products in 2016
Cyclic hydrocarbons; benzene 290220 34.804 Medicaments; consisting of mixed or … 300490 755.997 87.83 Alcohols; saturated monohydric, methanol 290511 33.636 Blood, human or animal, antisera, … 300210 290.058 (methyl … Medicaments; containing insulin, for Cyclic hydrocarbons; p-xylene 290243 7.135 300431 242.883 therapeutic … Medicaments; containing antibiotics (other 2014 2015 2016 Medicaments; consisting of mixed or … 300490 5.337 300420 186.411 than … Medicaments; (not containing antibiotics, Pharma & Medical Equipment imports in Derivatives of hydrocarbons; n.e.c. in … 290490 2.831 300390 126.539 million US$ hormones, … 6,355.38 Cyclic hydrocarbons; toluene 290230 1.269 Medicaments; containing hormones (but not … 300439 90.922 Pharmaceutical goods; appliances identifiable 3,755.60 300691 0.852 Vaccines; for human medicine 300220 69.294 3,234.19 for … Medicaments; containing antibiotics other Medicaments; containing corticosteroid 300320 0.377 300432 58.235 than … hormones, their … Blood, human or animal, antisera, … 300210 0.315 Antibiotics; penicillins and their derivatives … 294110 55.911
2014 2015 2016 Surveying equipment; articles n.e.c. in … 901580 0.262 Heterocyclic compounds; n.e.c. in headings … 293399 55.871
100 Source: World Bank 2020 Pharma & Medical Equipment makes up 4.7% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Pharma & Medical Equipment sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 5.32 mAED (1.45 mUS$) in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 5.32 mAED (1.45 mUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.00 mAED (0.00 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Pharma & Medical Equipment sector made up 4.7% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 1.8% in 2018.
Pharma & Medical Equipment exports in Pharma & Medical Equipment imports in million AED million AED
40 36.82 0.012 0.01 Pharma & Medical Equipment trade balance 0.010 in million AED 30 0.008 19.32 20 0.006 6 10.14 0.004 5.32 10 3.69 5.32 5 3.28 1.47 0.002 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.69 0 0.000 4 3.28 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 3 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 2 1.47 1 0.07 2016.0 2016.2 2016.4 2016.6 2016.8 2017.0 0 4,089% 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
-55% 152% 44% 91% 91% 91%
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 -100%
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 101 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Pharma & Medical Equipment makes up 4.7% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Pharma & Medical Equipment makes up 4.7% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 5.32 mAED (1.45 mUS$) to Algeria. Major export products are Derivatives of hydrocarbons; containing only … (HS code: 290410) (2.92 mAED), Surveying equipment; parts and accessories … (HS code: 901590) (1.92 mAED), Amine-function compounds; acyclic polyamines and … (HS code: 292121)(0.48 mAED), Halogenated derivatives of acyclic hydrocarbons … (HS code: 290377)(0.00 mAED).
Sector Pharma & Medical Equipment : Top categories for Value Value Pharma & Medical Equipment : Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code export to Algeria in 2019, in million AED (mAED) (mUS$)
3.40 Derivatives of hydrocarbons; containing only … 290410 2.918 0.796 Surveying equipment; parts and accessories … 901590 1.924 0.525
Amine-function compounds; acyclic polyamines and … 292121 0.478 0.13
1.92 Halogenated derivatives of acyclic hydrocarbons … 290377 0.002 0.001
Organic chemicals Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, medical, surgical instruments …
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 102 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Pharma & Medical Equipment imports from Algeria
Within the sector Pharma& Medical Equipment , there were no imports from Algeria in 2019
103 Textiles makes up 1.4% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Textiles sector was equivalent to 1.98 mUS$, with major export products being Gauze; other than narrow fabrics … (HS code: 580300) (0.5 mUS$), Fibres; synthetic staple fibres, of … (HS code: 550320) (0.5 mUS$), Wool; (not carded or combed), … (HS code: 510121) (0.3 mUS$), Wool; wool tops and other … (HS code: 510529) (0.3 mUS$) and Wool; wool tops and other … (HS code: 510521)(0.1 mUS$). Textiles imports in 2016 amounted to 1,099.37 mUS$. Major import products are Fabrics, woven; from high tenacity … (HS code: 540710) (115.7 mUS$), Dresses; women's or girls', of … (HS code: 620449) (38.7 mUS$), Nonwovens; whether or not impregnated, … (HS code: 560311) (33.8 mUS$), Nonwovens; whether or not impregnated, … (HS code: 560312) (30.7 mUS$) and Trousers, bib and brace overalls, … (HS code: 620349)(23.7 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Textiles sector makes up 1.4% of Algeria’s total trade.
Textiles exports in million US$ 4.02 Top Textiles export products in 2016 Code Value (mUS$) Top Textiles import products in 2016 Code Value (mUS$)
Gauze; other than narrow fabrics … 580300 0.476 Fabrics, woven; from high tenacity … 540710 115.721 1.98 1.35 Fibres; synthetic staple fibres, of … 550320 0.454 Dresses; women's or girls', of … 620449 38.667
Wool; (not carded or combed), … 510121 0.344 Nonwovens; whether or not impregnated, … 560311 33.807
2014 2015 2016 Wool; wool tops and other … 510529 0.303 Nonwovens; whether or not impregnated, … 560312 30.656
Textiles imports in million US$ Wool; wool tops and other … 510521 0.116 Trousers, bib and brace overalls, … 620349 23.727 Yarn, synthetic; filament, monofilament (less 2,131.55 Fibres; synthetic staple fibres, n.e.c. … 550690 0.072 540233 20.21 … Dresses; women's or girls', of … 620449 0.034 T-shirts, singlets and other vests; … 610990 19.398 1,030.67 1,099.37 Fabrics, woven; from high tenacity … 540710 0.034 Blankets and travelling rugs; n.e.c. … 630190 18.727
Nonwovens; whether or not impregnated, … 560314 0.025 Fabrics, woven; containing less than … 540769 17.066
2014 2015 2016 Nonwovens; whether or not impregnated, … 560392 0.023 Blankets (other than electric blankets) … 630140 15.281
104 Source: World Bank 2020 Textiles makes up less than 0.1% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Textiles sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 8.78 kAED (2.40 kUS$)in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 11.02 kAED (3.01 kUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 2.24 kAED (0.61 kUS$). Overall, trade within the Textiles sector made up 0.0% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 0.0% in 2018.
Textiles exports in thousand AED Textiles imports in thousand AED
300 8 Textiles trade balance in thousand AED 257.11 6.64 250 6.00 6 200 150 4 3.57 2.24 300 100 1.77 250.47 45.57 2 1.40 1.11 250 50 26.66 0.78 0.00 11.02 7.09 4.56 2.93 200 0 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 150 100 39.57 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 50 23.09 -0.78 8.78 0 189% -502015 2016 2017 2018 2019
-41% -36% -36% -36%
-40% -21% -21% -21% -100% 2016-10% 2017 2018-78% 2019 2020 2021 2022 -82% 2016 2017 2018 2020 2021 2022
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 105 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Textiles makes up less than 0.1% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Textiles makes up less than 0.1% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 11.02 kAED (3.01 kUS$)to Algeria. Major export products are Textiles; made up articles (including … (HS code: 630790) (9.00 kAED), Blankets; electric (HS code: 630110) (1.00 kAED), Clothing; parts, knitted or crocheted (HS code: 611790)( kAED).
Sector Textiles: Top categories for export to Algeria in 2019, in Value Value Textiles: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code thousand AED (kAED) (kUS$)
10.52 Textiles; made up articles (including … 630790 9 3 Blankets; electric 630110 1 44.281
Clothing; parts, knitted or crocheted 611790 66.75 18.203
0.50
Textiles, made up articles; sets; worn Apparel and clothing accessories; clothing and worn textile articles … knitted or crocheted
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 106 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Textiles makes up 4.7% of Abu Dhabi's imports from Algeria
Textiles makes up 4.7% of Abu Dhabi's imports from Algeria. In 0, Abu Dhabi imported 2.24 kAED (0.61 kUS$) to Algeria. Major import products are Negligees, bathrobes, dressing gowns and … (HS code: 610892) (1.00 kAED), Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and … (HS code: 611020) (1.00 kAED), Singlets and other vests, briefs, … (HS code: 620891)( kAED), Blouses, shirts and shirt-blouses; women's … (HS code: 620610)( kAED).
Sector Textiles: Top categories for import from Algeria in 0, in Value Value Textiles: Top products for export to Algeria in 0 Code thousand AED (kAED) (kUS$)
1.76 Negligees, bathrobes, dressing gowns and … 610892 1 5.592 Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and … 611020 1 5.29
Singlets and other vests, briefs, … 620891 17.359 4.734
Blouses, shirts and shirt-blouses; women's … 620610 13.713 3.74
0.48
Apparel and clothing accessories; Apparel and clothing accessories; not knitted or crocheted knitted or crocheted
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 107 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Perfume & Cosmetic makes up 0.7% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Perfume & Cosmetic sector was equivalent to 2.03 mUS$, with major export products being Perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations; … (HS code: 330720) (1.2 mUS$), Washing and cleaning preparations; surface-active, … (HS code: 340220) (0.3 mUS$), Perfumes and toilet waters (HS code: 330300) (0.2 mUS$), Waxes; artificial and prepared, other … (HS code: 340490)(0.1 mUS$) and Perfumes and deodorizers; perfuming or … (HS code: 330749)(0.1 mUS$). Perfume & Cosmetic imports in 2016 amounted to 571.78 mUS$. Major import products are Washing and cleaning preparations; surface-active, … (HS code: 340220) (60.6 mUS$), Odoriferous substances and mixtures; of … (HS code: 330210) (58.0 mUS$), Odoriferous substances and mixtures; used … (HS code: 330290) (50.1 mUS$), Hair preparations; shampoos (HS code: 330510) (43.8 mUS$) and Lubricating preparations; (other than for … (HS code: 340319)(41.5 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Perfume & Cosmetic sector makes up 0.7% of Algeria’s total trade.
Perfume & Cosmetic exports in million US$ Top Perfume & Cosmetic export products in Top Perfume & Cosmetic import products in 2.03 Code Value (mUS$) Code Value (mUS$) 2016 2016 Washing and cleaning preparations; surface- Perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations; … 330720 1.156 340220 60.603 1.10 active, … Washing and cleaning preparations; surface- 340220 0.265 Odoriferous substances and mixtures; of … 330210 58.039 0.58 active, … Perfumes and toilet waters 330300 0.244 Odoriferous substances and mixtures; used … 330290 50.123
2014 2015 2016 Waxes; artificial and prepared, other … 340490 0.09 Hair preparations; shampoos 330510 43.828
Perfume & Cosmetic imports in million US$ Perfumes and deodorizers; perfuming or … 330749 0.068 Lubricating preparations; (other than for … 340319 41.451
1,021.35 Candles, tapers and the like 340600 0.042 Cosmetic and toilet preparations; n.e.c. … 330499 37.771
Soap and organic surface-active products; … 340111 0.035 Perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations; … 330720 37.735 520.91 571.78 Hair preparations; shampoos 330510 0.03 Perfumes and toilet waters 330300 32.977
Odoriferous substances and mixtures; of … 330210 0.02 Hair preparations; n.e.c. in heading … 330590 27.581 Organic surface-active products and 2014 2015 2016 Hair preparations; n.e.c. in heading … 330590 0.018 340130 20.044 preparations …
108 Source: World Bank 2020 Perfume & Cosmetic makes up 1.3% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Perfume & Cosmetic sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 1.47 mAED (0.40 mUS$) in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 1.47 mAED (0.40 mUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.00 mAED (0.00 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Perfume & Cosmetic sector made up 1.3% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 1.7% in 2018.
Perfume & Cosmetic exports in million AED Perfume & Cosmetic imports in million AED
4 1.0 3.42 Perfume & Cosmetic trade balance in million AED 3 0.8 0.6 2 1.57 3.42 1.47 1.43 1.38 1.34 0.4 3.5 1 0.49 0.2 3.0 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.5 0 0.0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2.0 1.57 1.47 1.5 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 1.0 0.49 0.5 0.09 0.0 462% 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 219% 118% -3% -3% -3% -57% 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 109 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Perfume & Cosmetic makes up 1.3% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Perfume & Cosmetic makes up 1.3% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 1.47 mAED (0.40mUS$) to Algeria. Major export products are Organic surface-active agents; anionic (other … (HS code: 340211) (1.05 mAED), Washing and cleaning preparations; surface-active, … (HS code: 340290) (0.33 mAED), Organic surface-active agents; whether or … (HS code: 340219)(0.10 mAED).
Sector Perfume & Cosmetic: Top categories for export to Value Value Perfume & Cosmetic: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code Algeria in 2019, in million AED (mAED) (mUS$)
1.47 Organic surface-active agents; anionic (other … 340211 1.05 0.286 Washing and cleaning preparations; surface-active, … 340290 0.325 0.089
Organic surface-active agents; whether or … 340219 0.097 0.027
Soap, organic surface-active agents; washing, lubricating, polishing products ...
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 110 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Perfume & Cosmetic imports from Algeria
Within the sector Perfume & Cosmetic, there were no imports from Algeria in 2019
111 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles makes up 0.8% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles sector was equivalent to 3.66 mUS$, with major export products being Sanitary towels (pads) and tampons, … (HS code: 961900) (3.3 mUS$), Lamps and light fittings; parts … (HS code: 940591) (0.1 mUS$), Water sport equipment; water-skis, surf-boards … (HS code: 950629) (0.1 mUS$), Furniture; plastic (HS code: 940370) (0.1 mUS$) and Mattresses; of other materials, not … (HS code: 940429)(0.0 mUS$). Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles imports in 2016 amounted to 640.63 mUS$. Major import products are Furniture; wooden, other than for … (HS code: 940360) (74.2 mUS$), Furniture; wooden, for bedroom use (HS code: 940350) (56.1 mUS$), Buildings; prefabricated (HS code: 940600) (46.8 mUS$), Chandeliers and other electric ceiling … (HS code: 940510) (32.8 mUS$) and Lamps and light fittings; electric, … (HS code: 940540)(31.4 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles sector makes up 0.8% of Algeria’s total trade.
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles exports in million US$ Top Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles Top Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles 5.98 Code Value (mUS$) Code Value (mUS$) export products in 2016 import products in 2016
3.66 Sanitary towels (pads) and tampons, … 961900 3.316 Furniture; wooden, other than for … 940360 74.151 2.16 Lamps and light fittings; parts … 940591 0.106 Furniture; wooden, for bedroom use 940350 56.105 Water sport equipment; water-skis, surf- 950629 0.056 Buildings; prefabricated 940600 46.82 boards … 2014 2015 2016 Furniture; plastic 940370 0.05 Chandeliers and other electric ceiling … 940510 32.836
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles imports Mattresses; of other materials, not … 940429 0.033 Lamps and light fittings; electric, … 940540 31.401 in million US$ 1,344.98 Lamps and light fittings; electric, … 940540 0.027 Furniture; metal, other than for … 940320 25.562
Brushes; paint, distemper, varnish or … 960340 0.025 Tricycles, scooters, pedal cars and … 950300 25.476 651.53 640.63 Brooms, brushes, mops, feather dusters, … 960390 0.016 Sanitary towels (pads) and tampons, … 961900 25.37
Seats; of a kind used … 940120 0.008 Furniture; wooden, for kitchen use 940340 24.583
2014 2015 2016 Seats; with wooden frames, upholstered, … 940161 0.007 Furniture; of cane, osier, or … 940389 18.564
112 Source: World Bank 2020 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles makes up less than 0.1% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 0.07 mAED (0.02 mUS$) in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 0.07 mAED (0.02 mUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.00 mAED (0.00 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles sector made up 0.1% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 0.1% in 2018.
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles exports Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles imports in million AED in million AED 1.0 0.05 0.84 0.04 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles trade 0.8 0.04 balance in million AED
0.6 0.03 0.02 0.79 0.4 0.02 0.02 0.8 0.15 0.19 0.18 0.2 0.07 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.6 0.0 0.00 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 0.4
0.17 0.18 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 0.2 0.13 0.07 0.0 462% 179% 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
-5% -43% -77% -63% -40% -40% -40% 2016 2017 -2018100% 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 113 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles makes up less than 0.1% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles makes up less than 0.1% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 0.07 mAED (0.02 mUS$) to Algeria. Major export products are Personal and used household items (HS code: 980100)(0.07 mAED).
Sector Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles: Top categories Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles: Top products for export to Algeria in Value Value Code for export to Algeria in 2019, in million AED 2019 (mAED) (mUS$)
0.07 Personal and used household items 980100 0.068 0.019
Personal and used household items
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 114 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles imports from Algeria
Within the sector Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles, there were no imports from Algeria in 2019
115 Leather & Other Articles makes up 0.4% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Leather & Other Articles sector was equivalent to 11.48 mUS$, with major export products being Tanned or crust hides and … (HS code: 410411) (5.4 mUS$), Tanned or crust skins of … (HS code: 410510) (2.7 mUS$), Leather; further prepared after tanning … (HS code: 411200) (2.4 mUS$), Tanned or crust hides and … (HS code: 410621) (0.3 mUS$) and Tanned or crust hides and … (HS code: 410419)(0.3 mUS$). Leather & Other Articles imports in 2016 amounted to 289.03 mUS$. Major import products are Footwear; n.e.c. in chapter 64 (HS code: 640590) (52.8 mUS$), Sports footwear; tennis shoes, basketball … (HS code: 640411) (34.4 mUS$), Footwear; n.e.c. in heading no. … (HS code: 640299) (31.2 mUS$), Footwear; n.e.c. in heading no. … (HS code: 640399) (29.8 mUS$) and Footwear; (other than sportswear), with … (HS code: 640419)(14.9 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Leather & Other Articles sector makes up 0.4% of Algeria’s total trade.
Leather & Other Articles exports in million US$ Top Leather & Other Articles export products in Top Leather & Other Articles import products 34.55 Code Value (mUS$) Code Value (mUS$) 2016 in 2016 28.54 Tanned or crust hides and … 410411 5.435 Footwear; n.e.c. in chapter 64 640590 52.79
11.48 Tanned or crust skins of … 410510 2.702 Sports footwear; tennis shoes, basketball … 640411 34.406
Leather; further prepared after tanning … 411200 2.37 Footwear; n.e.c. in heading no. … 640299 31.155
2014 2015 2016 Tanned or crust hides and … 410621 0.324 Footwear; n.e.c. in heading no. … 640399 29.84
Leather & Other Articles imports in million Tanned or crust hides and … 410419 0.301 Footwear; (other than sportswear), with … 640419 14.907 US$ 520.11 Leather; further prepared after tanning … 410799 0.138 Cases and containers; trunks, suit-cases, … 420219 13.008
Headgear; safety, whether or not … 650610 0.1 Cases and containers; handbags (whether … 420229 12.147 285.45 289.03 Tanned or crust hides and … 410622 0.032 Cases and containers; trunks, suit-cases, … 420212 11.622
Footwear; parts, outer soles and … 640620 0.029 Footwear; with metal toe-cap, outer … 640340 7.401
2014 2015 2016 Leather; further prepared after tanning … 411310 0.016 Footwear; with uppers of leather … 640510 6.908
116 Source: World Bank 2020 Leather & Other Articles trade with Algeria
There is no trade between Abu Dhabi and in 2019
Leather & Other Articles exports in million Leather & Other Articles imports in million AED AED 1.0 1.0 Leather & Other Articles trade balance in 0.8 0.8 million AED 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.0
0.2 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.6
0.4 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 0.2
0.0
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 117 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Leather & Other Articles exports to Algeria
Within the sector Leather & Other Articles, there were no exports to Algeria in 0
118 Leather & Other Articles imports from Algeria
Within the sector Leather & Other Articles, there were no imports from Algeria in 2019
119 Chemical Products makes up 2.6% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Chemical Products sector was equivalent to 797.75 mUS$, with major export products being Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, … (HS code: 310210) (446.1 mUS$), Ammonia; in aqueous solution (HS code: 281420) (179.6 mUS$), Ammonia; anhydrous (HS code: 281410) (143.2 mUS$), Gases, rare; other than argon (HS code: 280429) (23.4 mUS$) and Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, … (HS code: 310260)(1.5 mUS$). Chemical Products imports in 2016 amounted to 1,194.14 mUS$. Major import products are Reagents; diagnostic or laboratory reagents … (HS code: 382200) (115.4 mUS$), Chemical products, preparations and residual … (HS code: 382490) (56.9 mUS$), Cements, mortars or concretes; their … (HS code: 382440) (52.5 mUS$), Phosphates; calcium hydrogenorthophosphate (dicalcium phosphate), … (HS code: 283525)(33.9 mUS$) and Mixed alkylbenzenes and mixed alkylnaphthalenes, … (HS code: 381700)(32.7 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Chemical Products sector makes up 2.6% of Algeria’s total trade.
Chemical Products exports in million US$ Top Chemical Products export products in Top Chemical Products import products in 1,860.42 Code Value (mUS$) Code Value (mUS$) 2016 2016 Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, 310210 446.075 Reagents; diagnostic or laboratory reagents … 382200 115.367 … 948.63 Chemical products, preparations and residual 797.75 Ammonia; in aqueous solution 281420 179.573 382490 56.888 … Ammonia; anhydrous 281410 143.242 Cements, mortars or concretes; their … 382440 52.524 Phosphates; calcium hydrogenorthophosphate 2014 2015 2016 Gases, rare; other than argon 280429 23.368 283525 33.866 (dicalcium phosphate), … Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, Mixed alkylbenzenes and mixed Chemical Products imports in million US$ 310260 1.489 381700 32.652 … alkylnaphthalenes, … Herbicides, anti-sprouting products and plant- 2,778.94 380893 1.288 Insecticides; other than containing goods … 380891 28.605 growth … Zinc; oxide and peroxide 281700 0.711 Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing … 310520 27.924 1,431.39 1,194.14 Solvents and thinners; organic composite … 381400 0.524 Anti-knock preparations; based on lead … 381111 27.43
Cements, mortars or concretes; their … 382440 0.372 Fungicides; other than containing goods … 380892 24.009
2014 2015 2016 Lead; lead monoxide (litharge, massicot) 282410 0.363 Carbonates; calcium carbonate 283650 23.339
120 Source: World Bank 2020 Chemical Products makes up 1.4% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Chemical Products sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 1.57 mAED (0.43 mUS$) in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 1.57 mAED (0.43 mUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.00 mAED (0.00 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Chemical Products sector made up 1.4% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 4.3% in 2018.
Chemical Products exports in million AED Chemical Products imports in million AED
12 10.81 1.0 Chemical Products trade balance in million 10 8.95 0.8 AED 7.81 8 0.6 6 4.86 0.4 12 10.81 4 1.57 0.2 10 8.95 2 0.70 0.31 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.81 0 0.0 8 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 6 4.86 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 4 1.57 2 61% 0 15% 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 -55% -55% -55% -83% -55%
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 121 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Chemical Products makes up 1.4% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Chemical Products makes up 1.4% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 1.57 mAED (0.43 mUS$) to Algeria. Major export products are Mastics; painters' fillings (HS code: 321410) (0.54 mAED), Cements, mortars or concretes; their … (HS code: 382440) (0.27 mAED), Paints and varnishes; (including enamels, … (HS code: 321000)(0.24 mAED), Manganese oxides; excluding manganese dioxide (HS code: 282090)(0.23 mAED), Lustres; liquid lustres and similar … (HS code: 320730)(0.19 mAED).
Sector Chemical Products: Top categories for export to Value Value Chemical Products: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code Algeria in 2019, in million AED (mAED) (mUS$)
0.97 Mastics; painters' fillings 321410 0.538 0.147 Cements, mortars or concretes; their … 382440 0.267 0.073
Paints and varnishes; (including enamels, … 321000 0.241 0.066
Manganese oxides; excluding manganese dioxide 282090 0.233 0.064
Lustres; liquid lustres and similar … 320730 0.191 0.052 0.29 0.27 Silicon dioxide 281122 0.048 0.013
Adhesives; prepared, based on polymers … 350691 0.033 0.009 0.03 Isotopes (excluding those of heading … 284590 0.011 0.003 Tanning or dyeing Inorganic chemicals; Chemical Albuminoidal extracts; dyes, precious metals … products n.e.s. substances; modified Fire-extinguishers; preparations and charges and … 381300 0.003 0.001 pigments; paints, starches; glues; varnishes … enzymes Glues and other adhesives; prepared, … 350699 0.001 8.659
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 122 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Chemical Products imports from Algeria
Within the sector Chemical Products, there were no imports from Algeria in 2019
123 Cement, Ceramic & Glass makes up 1.7% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Cement, Ceramic & Glass sector was equivalent to 93.68 mUS$, with major export products being Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminium … (HS code: 251020) (71.8 mUS$), Glass; float glass and surface … (HS code: 700529) (11.3 mUS$), Plaster, or plaster compositions; boards, … (HS code: 680911) (4.0 mUS$), Glass; safety glass, laminated, (not … (HS code: 700729)(3.9 mUS$) and Glass; float glass and surface … (HS code: 700510)(0.9 mUS$). Cement, Ceramic & Glass imports in 2016 amounted to 1,185.49 mUS$. Major import products are Cement; portland, other than white, … (HS code: 252329) (217.0 mUS$), Ceramic flags and pavings; glazed (HS code: 690890) (192.7 mUS$), Cement clinkers (whether or not … (HS code: 252310) (59.5 mUS$), Glass; carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, … (HS code: 701090) (44.7 mUS$) and Glassware of a kind used … (HS code: 701349)(42.5 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Cement, Ceramic & Glass sector makes up 1.7% of Algeria’s total trade.
Cement, Ceramic & Glass exports in million US$ Top Cement, Ceramic & Glass export products Top Cement, Ceramic & Glass import products 226.46 Code Value (mUS$) Code Value (mUS$) in 2016 in 2016 Natural calcium phosphates, natural 251020 71.823 Cement; portland, other than white, … 252329 216.967 127.69 aluminium … 93.68 Glass; float glass and surface … 700529 11.27 Ceramic flags and pavings; glazed 690890 192.674
Plaster, or plaster compositions; boards, … 680911 4.006 Cement clinkers (whether or not … 252310 59.525
2014 2015 2016 Glass; safety glass, laminated, (not … 700729 3.934 Glass; carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, … 701090 44.742
Cement, Ceramic & Glass imports in million Glass; float glass and surface … 700510 0.851 Glassware of a kind used … 701349 42.526 US$ 2,666.77 Glass; carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, … 701090 0.47 Ceramic sinks, wash basins, wash … 691090 33.388 Ceramic tableware, kitchenware, other Kaolin and other kaolinic clays; … 250700 0.393 691200 33.364 1,507.30 household … 1,185.49 Ceramic flags and pavings; glazed 690890 0.226 Marble and travertine; merely cut, … 251512 29.333
Glass; multiple-walled insulating units of … 700800 0.113 Granite; articles thereof, simply cut … 680223 29.27
2014 2015 2016 Stemware drinking glasses, other than … 701328 0.104 Ceramic flags and paving; unglazed 690790 24.321
124 Source: World Bank 2020 Cement, Ceramic & Glass makes up 1.2% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Cement, Ceramic & Glass sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 1.35 mAED (0.37 mUS$) in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 1.35 mAED (0.37 mUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.00 mAED (0.00 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Cement, Ceramic & Glass sector made up 1.2% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 1.2% in 2018.
Cement, Ceramic & Glass exports in million Cement, Ceramic & Glass imports in million AED AED 12 10.98 1.0 Cement, Ceramic & Glass trade balance in 10 0.8 million AED 8 0.6 6 5.54 5.46 0.4 6 5.54 4 2.43 2.71 2 1.35 0.2 5 0.07 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.0 4 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 3 2.43 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 2 1.35 1 0.07 0.33 631% 0 393% 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
101% 101% 101% -45% 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 -99%
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 125 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Cement, Ceramic & Glass makes up 1.2% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Cement, Ceramic & Glass makes up 1.2% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 1.35 mAED (0.37 mUS$) to Algeria. Major export products are Minerals; mixtures and articles of … (HS code: 680690) (0.88 mAED), Glass fibres; n.e.c. in heading … (HS code: 701990) (0.45 mAED), Cement, concrete or artificial stone; … (HS code: 681099)(0.02 mAED).
Sector Cement, Ceramic & Glass: Top categories for export to Value Value Cement, Ceramic & Glass: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code Algeria in 2019, in million AED (mAED) (mUS$)
0.90 Minerals; mixtures and articles of … 680690 0.878 0.24 Glass fibres; n.e.c. in heading … 701990 0.449 0.122
Cement, concrete or artificial stone; … 681099 0.021 0.006
0.45
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or Glass and glassware similar materials; articles thereof
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 126 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Cement, Ceramic & Glass imports from Algeria
Within the sector Cement, Ceramic & Glass, there were no imports from Algeria in 0
127 Plastics & Rubber makes up 3.6% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Plastics & Rubber sector was equivalent to 3.79 mUS$, with major export products being Plastics; carboys, bottles, flasks and … (HS code: 392330) (1.6 mUS$), Plastics; articles for the conveyance … (HS code: 392390) (0.9 mUS$), Plastics; plates, sheets, film, foil … (HS code: 392010) (0.2 mUS$), Styrene polymers; (other than expansible … (HS code: 390319) (0.1 mUS$) and Plastics n.e.c. in heading no. … (HS code: 391590)(0.1 mUS$). Plastics & Rubber imports in 2016 amounted to 2,760.86 mUS$. Major import products are Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … (HS code: 390120) (310.7 mUS$), Rubber; new pneumatic tyres, of … (HS code: 401120) (222.3 mUS$), Poly(ethylene terephthalate); in primary forms (HS code: 390760) (181.4 mUS$), Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … (HS code: 390110) (177.3 mUS$) and Rubber; new pneumatic tyres, of … (HS code: 401110)(138.5 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Plastics & Rubber sector makes up 3.6% of Algeria’s total trade.
Plastics & Rubber exports in million US$ Top Plastics & Rubber import products in 7.79 Top Plastics & Rubber export products in 2016 Code Value (mUS$) Code Value (mUS$) 2016
4.68 Plastics; carboys, bottles, flasks and … 392330 1.581 Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … 390120 310.743 3.79 Plastics; articles for the conveyance … 392390 0.857 Rubber; new pneumatic tyres, of … 401120 222.317
Plastics; plates, sheets, film, foil … 392010 0.245 Poly(ethylene terephthalate); in primary forms 390760 181.405
2014 2015 2016 Styrene polymers; (other than expansible … 390319 0.147 Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … 390110 177.328
Plastics & Rubber imports in million US$ Plastics n.e.c. in heading no. … 391590 0.113 Rubber; new pneumatic tyres, of … 401110 138.485
5,481.77 Plastics; of polymers of propylene, … 392020 0.106 Vinyl chloride, other halogenated olefin … 390410 102.121 Propylene, other olefin polymers; Plastics; stoppers, lids, caps and … 392350 0.098 390210 93.209 2,848.13 2,760.86 polypropylene … Rubber; vulcanised (other than hard … 401693 0.098 Acrylic polymers; (other than polymethyl … 390690 75.875
Plastics; boxes, cases, crates and … 392310 0.096 Polyethers; in primary forms, excluding … 390720 74.472
2014 2015 2016 Polymers, natural and modified natural; … 391390 0.059 Plastics; of polymers of propylene, … 392020 62.424
128 Source: World Bank 2020 Plastics & Rubber makes up 35.5% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Plastics & Rubber sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 40.12 mAED (10.94mUS$) in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 40.12 mAED (10.94 mUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.00 mAED (0.00 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Plastics & Rubber sector made up 35.5%of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 4.2% in 2018.
Plastics & Rubber exports in million AED Plastics & Rubber imports in million AED
1,200 1,078.73 6 5.51 Plastics & Rubber trade balance in million 1,000 5 AED 800 4 600 3 360.09 50 400 2 40.12 200 120.20 1 40 4.88 11.38 4.47 8.71 40.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 30 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20 11.38 8.71 10 4.47 Exports growth in % Imports growth in % -0.63 0 361% 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016.0 2016.2 2016.4 2016.6 2016.8 2017.0 -10 200% 200% 200% 95% 133% -61% 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 -100%
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 129 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Plastics & Rubber makes up 35.5% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Plastics & Rubber makes up 35.5%of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 40.12 mAED (10.94mUS$) to Algeria. Major export products are Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … (HS code: 390120) (28.49 mAED), Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … (HS code: 390140) (8.46 mAED), Propylene, other olefin polymers; polypropylene … (HS code: 390210) (1.49 mAED), Propylene, other olefin polymers; propylene … (HS code: 390230) (1.45 mAED), Rubber; new pneumatic tyres, of … (HS code: 401190) (0.20 mAED).
Sector Plastics & Rubber: Top categories for export to Algeria Value Value Plastics & Rubber: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code in 2019, in million AED (mAED) (mUS$)
39.92 Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … 390120 28.487 7.768 Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, … 390140 8.463 2.308
Propylene, other olefin polymers; polypropylene … 390210 1.492 0.407
Propylene, other olefin polymers; propylene … 390230 1.453 0.396
Rubber; new pneumatic tyres, of … 401190 0.2 0.055
Plastics; plates, sheets, film, foil … 392010 0.03 0.008
0.20 Plastics and articles thereof Rubber and articles thereof
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 130 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Plastics & Rubber imports from Algeria
Within the sector Plastics & Rubber, there were no imports from Algeria in 2019
131 Paper & Articles makes up 1.1% of Algeria’s total trade volume In 2016, Algeria’s export value in the Paper & Articles sector was equivalent to 12.01 mUS$, with major export products being Paper or paperboard; waste and … (HS code: 470790) (6.3 mUS$), Paper and paperboard; cartons, boxes … (HS code: 481910) (1.7 mUS$), Paper or paperboard; waste and … (HS code: 470720) (0.9 mUS$), Tissue, towel, napkin stock or … (HS code: 480300) (0.9 mUS$) and Paper or paperboard; waste and … (HS code: 470710)(0.6 mUS$). Paper & Articles imports in 2016 amounted to 814.78 mUS$. Major import products are Uncoated paper and paperboard (not … (HS code: 480255) (76.8 mUS$), Paper and paperboard; folding cartons, … (HS code: 481920) (73.3 mUS$), Paper and paperboard; coated, impregnated … (HS code: 481159) (71.2 mUS$), Paper & paperboard; uncoated, testliner … (HS code: 480524) (63.8 mUS$) and Printed matter; books, brochures, leaflets … (HS code: 490199)(54.2 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Paper & Articles sector makes up 1.1% of Algeria’s total trade.
Paper & Articles exports in million US$ 21.27 Top Paper & Articles export products in 2016 Code Value (mUS$) Top Paper & Articles import products in 2016 Code Value (mUS$)
Paper or paperboard; waste and … 470790 6.344 Uncoated paper and paperboard (not … 480255 76.825 11.88 12.01 Paper and paperboard; cartons, boxes … 481910 1.672 Paper and paperboard; folding cartons, … 481920 73.334 Paper and paperboard; coated, impregnated Paper or paperboard; waste and … 470720 0.92 481159 71.192 … 2014 2015 2016 Tissue, towel, napkin stock or … 480300 0.86 Paper & paperboard; uncoated, testliner … 480524 63.773
Paper & Articles imports in million US$ Paper or paperboard; waste and … 470710 0.643 Printed matter; books, brochures, leaflets … 490199 54.217
1,688.02 Paper and paperboard; corrugated, whether … 480810 0.507 Printed matter; in single sheets, … 490110 46.581
Printed matter; books, brochures, leaflets … 490199 0.315 Paper and paperboard; cartons, boxes … 481910 40.308 928.54 814.78 Paper and paperboard; other than … 480890 0.274 Kraft paper and paperboard; sack … 480421 33.521
Paper articles; handkerchiefs, cleansing or … 481820 0.088 Wood pulp; chemical wood pulp, … 470321 33.496
2014 2015 2016 Paper articles; toilet paper 481810 0.068 Paper and paperboard; coated with … 481019 27.528
132 Source: World Bank 2020 Paper & Articles makes up 2.4% of Abu Dhabi's trade with Algeria
Within the Paper & Articles sector, Abu Dhabi had a positive trade balance with Algeria amounting to 2.64mAED (0.72 mUS$) in 2019. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 2.68 mAED (0.73 mUS$) to Algeria while imports from Algeria amounted to 0.04 mAED (0.01 mUS$). Overall, trade within the Paper & Articles sector made up 2.4% of Abu Dhabi’s total trade with Algeria in 2019 compared to 0.0% in 2018.
Paper & Articles exports in million AED Paper & Articles imports in million AED
250 228.29 0.08 Paper & Articles trade balance in million 0.06 AED 200 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 150 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 100 3.0 2.64 51.90 50 0.02 2.5 0.19 0.67 0.14 2.68 11.80 0 0.00 2.0 2015 2016 2017 2019 2020 2021 2022 2015 2016 2017 2019 2020 2021 2022 1.5
Exports growth in % Imports growth in % 1.0 0.61 0.5 0.14 0.09 340% 340% 340% 0.0 2015 2016 2017 2019 18% 248% -8% -8% -8% -79% -16% 2016 2017 2020 2021 2022 2016 2017 2020 2021 2022
Notes: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED; Forecast from 2020 based on historical values 133 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Paper & Articles makes up 2.4% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria
Paper & Articles makes up 2.4% of Abu Dhabi's exports to Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi exported 2.68 mAED (0.73 mUS$) to Algeria. Major export products are Uncoated paper and paperboard (not … (HS code: 480255)(2.45 mAED), Paper and paperboard; coated, impregnated … (HS code: 481159)(0.23 mAED).
Sector Paper & Articles: Top categories for export to Algeria Value Value Paper & Articles: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code in 2019, in million AED (mAED) (mUS$)
2.68 Uncoated paper and paperboard (not … 480255 2.452 0.669 Paper and paperboard; coated, impregnated … 481159 0.23 0.063
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or paperboard
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 134 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center Paper & Articles makes up 94.1% of Abu Dhabi's imports from Algeria
Paper & Articles makes up 94.1% of Abu Dhabi's imports from Algeria. In 2019, Abu Dhabi imported 0.04 mAED (0.01mUS$) to Algeria. Major import products are Printed matter; books, brochures, leaflets … (HS code: 490199)(0.05 mAED).
Sector Paper & Articles: Top categories for import from Algeria Value Value Paper & Articles: Top products for export to Algeria in 2019 Code in 2019, in million AED (mAED) (mUS$)
0.04 Printed matter; books, brochures, leaflets … 490199 0.045 0.012
Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other printing products …
1: 1 US$ = 3.667 AED 135 Source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center 5. RISK ASSESSMENT
136 Operational risk breakdown Methodology
The risk/reward indexes by Fitch Solutions constitute a comparative regional ranking system that classifies different markets by the ease of doing business there as well as operational risks and limitations faced by Operation risk index potential investors. The operational risk index uses quantitative measures to compare the challenges of operating in 201 countries worldwide. The index attributes scores between 0-100 to each country, with 100 (100%) being the lowest risk. The index focuses on four main risk areas:
. Labor market: evaluation of the risks in regard to the size, education levels, and costs of employing Labor market Logistics Trade & investment Crime & security workers in a country (25%) (25%) (25%) (25%) . Logistics: evaluation of the quality and extent of the transport infrastructure, the ease of trading, and the quality and availability of utilities Economic Education Transport network Conflict risk . Trade & investment: evaluation of the openness of an economy, the level of government intervention, openness and the quality and efficacy of the legal environment
. Crime & security: evaluation of operating conditions with respect to interstate conflict risk, terrorism, Trade procedures and Vulnerability and crime, including cybercrime and organized crime Availability of labor Legal governance to crime
Market size Labor costs Government intervention Business crime and utilities
Note: THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS MACRO RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' credit ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely derived from Fitch Solutions Macro Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings' analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Macro Research 137 Source: Fitch Solutions 2019 Overall index score decreased in 2019, which means that the operational risk for Algeria decreased
The overall operational risk index in Algeria has been going down from 40 in 2016 to 39.1 in 2019. The subindex with the lowest risk in 2019 is Labor market whereas the highest risk is in Trade & investment.
Development of overall operational risk index1 Development of subindexes1 Labor market Trade & investment Logistics Crime & security
2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note: THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS MACRO RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' credit ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely derived from Fitch Solutions Macro Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings' analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Macro Research 1: Scale of 0-100, with 100 being the lowest risk 138 Source: Fitch Solutions 2019 In the 'labor market' area, Algeria is 1.1 points behind the regional high performer
Comparison of country scores to highest and lowest regional and worldwide scores1 in 2019
Labor market Logistics Trade & investment Crime & security
Algeria 46.1 Algeria 42.9 Algeria 31.1 Algeria 36.2
Sudan 34.6 Libya 29.3 Libya 22.1 Sudan 12.8 Regional high/low Libya 47.2 Morocco 54.8 Morocco 63.8 Azerbaijan 53.2
Sierra Leone 25.5 Yemen 15.8 New Zealand 75.7 South Sudan 4.8 Global high/low United States 81.3 Netherlands 88.6 Venezuela 13.1 New Zealand 88.3
Note: THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS MACRO RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' credit ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely derived from Fitch Solutions Macro Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings' analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Macro Research. 139 1: Scale of 0-100, with 100 being the lowest risk; Source: Fitch Solutions 2019 With an index score of 39.1, the operational risk in Algeria is relatively high
Operational risk index1 worldwide
In 2019, Algeria ranks #109 in the Fitch operational index score out of 150 selected countries.
It comes #4 when compared to the other 6 countries in the region North Africa.
Note: THIS COMMENTARY IS PUBLISHED BY FITCH SOLUTIONS MACRO RESEARCH and is NOT a comment on Fitch Ratings' credit ratings. Any comments or data included in the report are solely derived from Fitch Solutions Macro Research and independent sources. Fitch Ratings' analysts do not share data or information with Fitch Solutions Macro Research. 140 1: Scale of 0-100, with 100 being the lowest risk; Source: Fitch Solutions 2019 APPENDIX
141 Directory of commodity codes and descriptions
Product Code Product Description 10129 Horses; live, other than pure-bred breeding animals 10633 Birds; live, ostriches; emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) 10639 Animals; live, birds, other than birds of prey and Psittaciformes 40210 Dairy produce; milk and cream, concentrated or containing added sugar or other sweetening matter, in powder, granules or other solid forms, of a fat content not exceeding 1.5% (by weight) 40221 Dairy produce; milk and cream, concentrated, not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter, in powder, granules or other solid forms, of a fat content exceeding 1.5% (by weight) 80410 Fruit, edible; dates, fresh or dried 90111 Coffee; not roasted or decaffeinated 100119 Cereals; wheat and meslin, durum wheat, other than seed 100199 Cereals; wheat and meslin, other than durum wheat, other than seed 100590 Cereals; maize (corn), other than seed 121292 Sugar cane; of a kind used primarily for human consumption, fresh or dried, whether or not ground 121299 Vegetable products (including unroasted chicory roots, chicorium intybus sativum variety); n.e.s. in chapter 12, fresh or dried, ground or unground, primarily for human consumption 150710 Vegetable oils; soya-bean oil and its fractions, crude, whether or not degummed, not chemically modified 150790 Vegetable oils; soya-bean oil and its fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified 151219 Vegetable oils; sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified 170114 Sugars; cane sugar, raw, in solid form, other than as specified in Subheading Note 2 to this chapter, not containing added flavouring or colouring matter 170199 Sucrose; chemically pure, not containing added flavouring or colouring matter, in solid form 170310 Sugars; molasses, from sugar cane, resulting from the extraction or refining of sugar 180400 Cocoa; butter, fat and oil 220210 Waters; including mineral and aerated, containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or flavoured 220290 Non-alcoholic beverages; n.e.s. in item no. 2202.10, not including fruit or vegetable juices of heading no. 2009 230400 Oil-cake and other solid residues; whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of soya-bean oil 240391 Tobacco; "homogenised" or "reconstituted" 250700 Kaolin and other kaolinic clays; whether or not calcined 251020 Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminium calcium phosphates and phosphatic chalk; ground 251512 Marble and travertine; merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape, having a specific gravity of 2.5 or more 252310 Cement clinkers (whether or not coloured) 252329 Cement; portland, other than white, whether or not artificially coloured 262019 Ash and residues; (not from the manufacture of iron or steel), containing mainly zinc, other than hard zinc spelter 270111 Coal; anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated 270300 Peat; (including peat litter), whether or not agglomerated 270400 Coke and semi-coke; of coal, lignite or peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon 270799 Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; n.e.s. in heading no. 2707 270900 Oils; petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude 271012 Petroleum spirit for motor vehicles **LEGACY NON-WCO CODE** 271019 Light petroleum distillates nes **LEGACY NON-WCO CODE** 271111 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; liquefied, natural gas 271112 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; liquefied, propane 271113 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; liquefied, butanes 271121 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; in gaseous state, natural gas
142 Directory of commodity codes and descriptions
Product Code Product Description 271129 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons; in gaseous state, other than natural gas 271210 Petroleum jelly 271220 Paraffin wax; containing by weight less than 0.75% of oil, obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured 271320 Petroleum bitumen; obtained from bituminous minerals 271490 Bitumen and asphalt, natural; asphaltites and asphaltic rock 271600 Electrical energy 280429 Gases, rare; other than argon 281122 Silicon dioxide 281410 Ammonia; anhydrous 281420 Ammonia; in aqueous solution 281700 Zinc; oxide and peroxide 282090 Manganese oxides; excluding manganese dioxide 282410 Lead; lead monoxide (litharge, massicot) 283525 Phosphates; calcium hydrogenorthophosphate ("dicalcium phosphate") 283650 Carbonates; calcium carbonate 284590 Isotopes (excluding those of heading no. 2844); compounds, inorganic or organic, of such isotopes, whether or not chemically defined 290220 Cyclic hydrocarbons; benzene 290230 Cyclic hydrocarbons; toluene 290243 Cyclic hydrocarbons; p-xylene 290377 Halogenated derivatives of acyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more different halogens; n.e.c. in headings 290371 to 290376, perhalogenated only with fluorine and chlorine 290410 Derivatives of hydrocarbons; containing only sulpho groups, their salts and ethyl esters, whether or not halogenated 290490 Derivatives of hydrocarbons; n.e.s. in heading no. 2904, whether or not halogenated 290511 Alcohols; saturated monohydric, methanol (methyl alcohol) 292121 Amine-function compounds; acyclic polyamines and their derivatives, ethylenediamine and its salts 293399 Heterocyclic compounds; n.e.c. in headings no. 2933 294110 Antibiotics; penicillins and their derivatives with a penicillanic acid structure; salts thereof 300210 Blood; human and animal, antisera and other blood fractions 300220 Vaccines; for human medicine 300320 Medicaments; containing antibiotics other than penicillins, streptomycins and their derivatives, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, (not in measured doses, not packaged for retail sale) 300390 Medicaments; (not containing antibiotics, hormones, alkaloids or their derivatives), for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, (not packaged for retail sale) 300420 Medicaments; containing antibiotics (other than penicillins, streptomycins or their derivatives), for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale 300431 Medicaments; containing insulin (but not containing antibiotics), for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale 300432 Medicaments; containing adrenal cortex hormones (but not containing antibiotics), for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packagedfor retail sale 300439 Medicaments; containing hormones (but not insulin), adrenal cortex hormones or antibiotics, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale 300490 Medicaments; consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.s. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale 300691 Pharmaceutical goods; appliances identifiable for ostomy use 310210 Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, urea, whether or not in aqueous solution 310260 Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; nitrogenous, double salts and mixtures of calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate 310520 Fertilizers, mineral or chemical; containing the three fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 320730 Lustres; liquid lustres and similar preparations
143 Directory of commodity codes and descriptions
Product Code Product Description 321000 Paints and varnishes; (including enamels, lacquers and distempers), prepared water pigments of a kind used for finishing leather 321410 Mastics; painters' fillings 330210 Odoriferous substances and mixtures; of a kind used in the food or drink industries 330290 Odoriferous substances and mixtures; used as raw materials in industries other than the food or drink industries 330300 Perfumes and toilet waters 330499 Cosmetic and toilet preparations; n.e.s. in heading no. 3304, for the care of the skin (excluding medicaments, including sunscreen or sun tan preparations) 330510 Hair preparations; shampoos 330590 Hair preparations; n.e.s. in heading no. 3305 330720 Perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations; personal deodorants and antiperspirants 330749 Perfumes and deodorizors; perfuming or deodorizing preparations for rooms, (excluding those which operate by burning) 340111 Soap and organic surface-active products; in the form of bars, cakes, moulded shapes, and paper, wadding, felt and nonwovens, impregnated, coated or covered with soap or detergent, for toilet use (including medicated products) 340130 Organic surface-active products and preparations for washing the skin, in the form of liquid or cream and put up for retail sale, whether or not containing soap 340211 Organic surface-active agents; anionic (other than soap), whether or not put up for retail sale 340219 Organic surface-active agents; whether or not put up for retail sale, n.e.s. in heading no. 3402 340220 Washing and cleaning preparations; surface-active, whether or not containing soap (excluding those of heading no. 3401), put up for retail sale 340290 Washing and cleaning preparations; surface-active, whether or not containing soap (excluding those of heading no. 3401), including auxiliary washing preparations, not for retail sale 340319 Lubricating preparations; (other than for the treatment of textile and similar materials), containing less than 70% (by weight) of petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals 340490 Waxes; artificial and prepared, other than of chemically modified lignite or polyethylene glycol 340600 Candles, tapers and the like 350691 Adhesives; prepared, based on rubber or plastics (including artificial resins) 350699 Glues and other adhesives; prepared, n.e.s. in heading no. 3506, not exceeding a net weight of 1kg 380891 Insecticides; not containing substances of 3808.50; put up in forms or packings for retail sale or as preparations or articles 380892 Fungicides; not containing substances of 3808.50; put up in forms or packings for retail sale or as preparations or articles 380893 Herbicides, anti-sprouting products and plant-growth regulators; not containing substances of 3808.50; put up in forms or packings for retail sale or as preparations or articles 381111 Anti-knock preparations; based on lead compounds 381300 Fire-extinguishers; preparations and charges and charged fire-extinguishing grenades 381400 Solvents and thinners; organic composite solvents and thinners, n.e.s. or included, prepared paint or varnish removers 381700 Mixed alkylbenzenes and mixed alkylnaphthalenes, other than those of heading no. 2707 or 2902 382200 Reagents; composite diagnostic or laboratory reagents, other than those of heading no. 3002 or 3006 382440 Cements, mortars or concretes; their prepared additives 382490 Chemical products, preparations and residual products of the chemical or allied industries, n.e.s. or included in heading no. 3824 390110 Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 390120 Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more 390140 Ethylene polymers; in primary forms, ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers, having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 390210 Propylene, other olefin polymers; polypropylene in primary forms 390230 Propylene, other olefin polymers; propylene copolymers in primary forms 390319 Styrene polymers; (other than expansible polystyrene), in primary forms 390410 Vinyl chloride, other halogenated olefin polymers; polyvinyl chloride (not mixed with any other substances), in primary forms 390690 Acrylic polymers; (other than polymethyl methacrylate), in primary forms 390720 Polyethers; in primary forms, excluding polyacetals
144 Directory of commodity codes and descriptions
Product Code Product Description 390760 Polyethylene terephthalate; in primary forms 391390 Polymers, natural and modified natural; in primary forms (excluding alginic acid, its salts and esters) 391590 Plastics n.e.s. in heading no. 3915; waste, parings and scrap 392010 Plastics; plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of polymers of ethylene, non-cellular and not reinforced, laminated, supported or similarly combined with other materials 392020 Plastics; of polymers of propylene, plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, non-cellular and not reinforced, laminated, supported or similarly combined with other materials 392310 Plastics; boxes, cases, crates and similar articles for the conveyance or packing of goods 392330 Plastics; carboys, bottles, flasks and similar articles, for the conveyance or packing of goods 392350 Plastics; stoppers, lids, caps and other closures, for the conveyance or packing of goods 392390 Plastics; articles for the conveyance or packing of goods n.e.s. in heading no. 3923 401110 Rubber; new pneumatic tyres, of a kind used on motor cars (including station wagons and racing cars) 401120 Rubber; new pneumatic tyres, of a kind used on buses or lorries 401190 Rubber; new pneumatic tyres, of a kind used on light commercial vehicles 401693 Rubber; vulcanised (other than hard rubber), gaskets, washers and other seals, of non-cellular rubber 410411 Tanned or crust hides and skins; without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet blue), full grains, unsplit; grain splits 410419 Tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the wet state (including wet blue),excluding full grains, unsplit; grain splits 410510 Tanned or crust skins of sheep and lambs, without wool on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state ( including wet blue) 410621 Tanned or crust hides and skins; of goats or kids, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state (including wet blue) 410622 Tanned or crust hides and skins; of goats or kids, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust) 410799 Leather; further prepared after tanning or crusting, incl. parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, no hair, excluding leather of heading 41.14, and whole hides and skins, and sides, (full grains, unsplit and grain splits) 411200 Leather; further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment dressed leather, of sheep or lamb, without wool on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14 411310 Leather; further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, without hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14, of goats and kids 420212 Cases and containers; trunks, suit-cases, vanity-cases, executive-cases, brief-cases, school satchels and similar containers, with outer surface of plastics or of textile materials 420219 Cases and containers; trunks, suit-cases, vanity-cases, executive-cases, brief-cases, school satchels and similar containers, with outer surface of vulcanised fibre or of paperboard 420229 Cases and containers; handbags (whether or not with shoulder strap and including those without handle), with outer surface of vulcanised fibre or of paperboard 470321 Wood pulp; chemical wood pulp, soda or sulphate, (other than dissolving grades), semi-bleached or bleached, of coniferous wood 470710 Paper or paperboard; waste and scrap, of unbleached kraft paper or paperboard or of corrugated paper or paperboard 470720 Paper or paperboard; waste and scrap, of paper or paperboard made mainly of bleached chemical pulp, not coloured in the mass 470790 Paper or paperboard; waste and scrap, of paper or paperboard n.e.s. in heading no. 4707 and of unsorted waste and scrap 480255 Paper and paperboard; uncoated, for printing & writing, containing no, or not more than 10% by weight of total fibres obtained by mechanical or chemi-mechanical process, weighing 40g/m2 to 150g/m2, in rolls 480300 Tissue, towel, napkin stock or similar; for household or sanitary use, cellulose, wadding webs of cellulose fibres, in rolls exceeding 36cm in width or rectangular sheets with one side more than 36cm in unfolded state 480421 Kraft paper and paperboard; sack kraft paper, uncoated, unbleached, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4802 or 4803 480524 Paper & paperboard; uncoated, testliner (recycled linerboard), weight 150g/m2, or less, in rolls or sheets 480810 Paper and paperboard; corrugated (with or without glued flat surface sheets), whether or not perforated, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4803 or 4818 480890 Paper and paperboard; (other than kraft paper), whether or not embossed or perforated, in rolls or sheets, other than that of heading no. 4803 or 4818 481019 Paper and paperboard; coated with kaolin or other inorganic substances, for printing/writing/graphics, having 10% or less by weight of total fibres got by mechanical/chemi-mechanical process, sides exceeding 435mm and 297mm, unfolded, sheets 481159 Paper and paperboard; coated, impregnated or covered with plastics (excluding adhesives), other than bleached and weighing more than 150g/m2, not goods of heading no. 4803, 4809, 4810 or 4818 481810 Paper; toilet paper 481820 Paper articles; handkerchiefs, cleansing or facial tissues and towels 481910 Paper and paperboard; cartons, boxes and cases, of corrugated paper or paperboard 481920 Paper and paperboard; folding cartons, boxes and cases, of non-corrugated paper or paperboard
145 Directory of commodity codes and descriptions
Product Code Product Description 490110 Printed matter; in single sheets, whether or not folded 490199 Printed matter; books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter n.e.s. in item no. 4901.10 or 4901.91 510121 Wool; (not carded or combed), degreased, (not carbonised), shorn 510521 Wool; wool tops and other combed wool, in fragments 510529 Wool; wool tops and other combed wool, other than in fragments 540233 Yarn; textured, (not sewing thread), of polyesters (including synthetic monofilament of less than 67 decitex), not put up for retail sale 540710 Fabrics, woven; from high tenacity yarn, of nylon, other polyamides or of polyesters 540769 Fabrics, woven; containing less than 85% by weight of non-textured polyester filaments 550320 Fibres; synthetic staple fibres, of polyesters, not carded, combed or otherwise processed for spinning 550690 Fibres; synthetic staple fibres, n.e.s. in heading no. 5506, carded, combed or otherwise processed for spinning 560311 Nonwovens; whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, of man-made filaments, (weighing not more than 25g/m2) 560312 Nonwovens; whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, of man-made filaments, (weighing more than 25g/m2 but not more than 70g/m2) 560314 Nonwovens; whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, of man-made filaments, (weighing more than 150g/m2) 560392 Nonwovens; whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, not of man-made filaments, (weighing more than 25g/m2 but not more than 70g/m2) 580300 Gauze; other than narrow fabrics of heading no. 5806 610892 Negligees, bathrobes, dressing gowns and similar articles; women's or girls', of man-made fibres, knitted or crocheted 610990 T-shirts, singlets and other vests; of textile materials (other than cotton), knitted or crocheted 611020 Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles; of cotton, knitted or crocheted 611790 Clothing; parts, knitted or crocheted 620349 Trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts; men's or boys', of textile materials (other than wool, fine animal hair, cotton or synthetic fibres), (not knitted or crocheted) 620449 Dresses; women's or girls', of textile materials n.e.s. in item no. 6204.4 (not knitted or crocheted) 620610 Blouses, shirts and shirt-blouses; women's or girls', of silk or silk waste (not knitted or crocheted) 620891 Singlets and other vests, briefs, panties, negligees, bathrobes, dressing gowns and similar articles; women's or girls', of cotton (not knitted or crocheted) 630110 Blankets; electric 630140 Blankets (other than electric blankets) and travelling rugs; of synthetic fibres 630190 Blankets and travelling rugs; n.e.s. in heading no. 6301 630790 Textiles; made up articles (including dress patterns), n.e.s. in chapter 63, n.e.s. in heading no. 6307 640299 Footwear; n.e.s. in heading no. 6402, (other than just covering the ankle), with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics 640340 Footwear; with metal toe-cap, outer soles of rubber, plastics, leather or composition leather, uppers of leather 640399 Footwear; n.e.s. in heading no. 6403, (not covering the ankle), outer soles of rubber, plastics or composition leather, uppers of leather 640411 Sports footwear; tennis shoes, basketball shoes, gym shoes, training shoes and the like, with outer soles of rubber or plastics and uppers of textile materials 640419 Footwear; (other than sportswear), with outer soles of rubber or plastics and uppers of textile materials 640510 Footwear; with uppers of leather or composition leather, n.e.s. in chapter 64 640590 Footwear; n.e.s. in chapter 64 640620 Footwear; parts, outer soles and heels, of rubber or plastics 650610 Headgear; safety, whether or not lined or trimmed 680223 Granite; articles thereof, simply cut or sawn, with a flat or even surface 680690 Minerals; mixtures and articles of heat-insulating, sound-insulating or sound-absorbing mineral materials, other than those of heading no. 6811 or 6812 or of chapter 69 680911 Plaster, or plaster compositions; boards, sheets, panels, tiles and similar articles, faced or reinforced with paper or paperboard only, not ornamented 681099 Cement, concrete or artificial stone; articles (other than prefabricated structural components for building or civil engineering), whether or not reinforced, n.e.s. in heading no. 6810
146 Directory of commodity codes and descriptions
Product Code Product Description 690790 Ceramic flags and paving; unglazed 690890 Ceramic flags and pavings; glazed 691090 Ceramic sinks, wash basins, wash basin pedestals, baths, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitary fixtures; of other than porcelain or china 691200 Ceramic tableware, kitchenware, other household articles and toilet articles; other than of porcelain or china 700510 Glass; float glass and surface ground or polished glass, in sheets, non-wired, having an absorbent or reflecting layer 700529 Glass; float glass and surface ground or polished glass, in sheets, non-wired, (other than coloured throughout the mass (body tinted), opacified, flashed or merely surface ground) 700729 Glass; safety glass, laminated, (not of a size and shape suitable for incorporation in vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft or vessels) 700800 Glass; multiple-walled insulating units of glass 701090 Glass; carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, pots, phials and other containers of glass used for the conveyance or packing of goods 701328 Stemware drinking glasses, other than of lead crystal or glass-ceramics 701349 Glassware of a kind used for table or kitchen purposes (not drinking glasses or of glass-ceramics), of glass n.e.c. in item no. 7013.4 701990 Glass fibres; n.e.s. in heading no. 7019 710420 Stones; precious or semi-precious, synthetic or reconstructed, (not piezo-electric quartz), unworked or simply sawn, roughly shaped, (not strung, mounted or set), temporarily strung for transport convenience 710490 Stones; precious or semi-precious, synthetic or reconstructed, (not piezo-electric quartz), worked or graded or not, (but not strung, mounted or set), temporarily strung for transport convenience, n.e.s. in item no. 7104.20 710692 Metals; silver, semi-manufactured 710813 Metals; gold, semi-manufactured 711590 Metal; precious or metal clad with precious metal, other than that of item no. 7115.10 711610 Pearls; articles of natural or cultured pearls 711620 Stones; precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed) articles of 711711 Jewellery; imitation, cuff links and studs, of base metal, whether or not plated with precious metal 711719 Jewellery; imitation, (excluding cuff links and studs), of base metal, whether or not plated with precious metal 711790 Jewellery; imitation, of other than base metal, whether or not plated with precious metal 720711 Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel; containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (including square) cross-section, width less than twice thickness 721030 Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled, width 600mm or more, electrolytically plated or coated with zinc 721049 Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled, width 600mm or more, (not corrugated), plated or coated with zinc (not electrolytically) 721420 Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, containing indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process or twisted after rolling 721633 Iron or non-alloy steel; H sections, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80mm or more 730300 Cast iron; tubes, pipes and hollow profiles 730411 Iron or steel (excluding cast iron); seamless, line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, of stainless steel 730419 Iron or steel (excluding cast iron or stainless steel); seamless, line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines 730429 Iron or steel; casing and tubing, of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas 730629 Iron or steel (excluding cast iron); casing and tubing of a kind used in drilling for oil and gas (other than stainless steel or seamless), n.e.c. in chapter 73 730799 Iron or steel; tube or pipe fittings, n.e.s. in item no. 7307.9, other than stainless steel 730840 Iron or steel; structures and parts thereof, props and similar equipment for scaffolding, shuttering or pit-propping 730890 Iron or steel; structures and parts thereof, n.e.s. in heading no. 7308 730900 Reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers; for any material (excluding compressed or liquefied gas), of iron or steel, capacity exceeding 300l, whether or not lined or heat insulated 731815 Iron or steel; threaded screws and bolts n.e.s. in item no. 7318.1, whether or not with their nuts or washers 732111 Cooking appliances and plate warmers; for gas fuel or for both gas and other fuels, of iron or steel 732599 Iron or steel; cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of non-malleable cast iron 732690 Iron or steel; articles n.e.s. in heading no. 7326
147 Directory of commodity codes and descriptions
Product Code Product Description 740811 Copper; wire, of refined copper, of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 6mm 760110 Aluminium; unwrought, (not alloyed) 760120 Aluminium; unwrought, alloys 790111 Zinc; unwrought, (not alloyed), containing by weight 99.99% or more of zinc 820340 Tools, hand; pipe-cutters, bolt croppers, perforating punches and similar tools 820719 Tools, interchangeable; rock drilling or earth boring tools, with working part (other than of cermets), whether or not power operated, including parts 820770 Tools, interchangeable; (for machine or hand tools, whether or not power-operated), for milling 841199 Turbines; parts of gas turbines (excluding turbo-jets and turbo-propellers) 841221 Engines; hydraulic power engines and motors, linear acting (cylinders) 841480 Pumps and compressors; for air, vacuum or gas, n.e.s. in heading no. 8414 841510 Air conditioning machines; comprising a motor-driven fan and elements for changing the temperature and humidity, window or wall types, self-contained 841620 Furnaces; furnace burners, for pulverized solid fuel or gas, including combination burners 841989 Machinery, plant and laboratory equipment; for treating materials by change of temperature, other than for making hot drinks or cooking or heating food 842139 Machinery; for filtering or purifying gases, other than intake air filters for internal combustion engines 842952 Mechanical shovels, excavators and shovel loaders; with a 360 degree revolving super structure 843049 Boring and sinking machinery; not self-propelled 843143 Boring or sinking machinery; parts of the machinery of item no. 8430.41 or 8430.41 844900 Machinery; for manufacture or finishing felt or non-wovens in the piece or in shapes, including machinery for making felt hats, blocks for making hats 845011 Washing machines; household or laundry-type, fully-automatic, (of a dry linen capacity not exceeding 10kg) 847990 Machines and mechanical appliances; parts, of those having individual functions 848140 Valves; safety or relief valves, for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like 848180 Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances; for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, including thermostatically controlled valves 850790 Electric accumulators; parts n.e.s. in heading no. 8507 851190 Ignition or starting equipment; parts of the equipment of heading no. 8511, for use in spark-ignition or compression-ignition internal combustion engines 851712 Telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks 851770 Telephone sets and other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, via a wired or wireless network; parts 851950 Sound recording or reproducing apparatus; telephone answering machines 852352 Semiconductor media; smart cards, whether or not recorded, excluding products of Chapter 37 852872 Reception apparatus for television, whether or not incorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus; incorporating a colour video display or screen 852910 Reception and transmission apparatus; aerials and aerial reflectors of all kinds and parts suitable for use therewith 853610 Electrical apparatus; fuses, for a voltage not exceeding 1000 volts 853710 Boards, panels, consoles, desks and other bases; for electric control or the distribution of electricity, (other than switching apparatus of heading no. 8517), for a voltage not exceeding 1000 volts 854239 Electronic integrated circuits; n.e.c. in heading no. 8542 854449 Insulated electric conductors; for a voltage not exceeding 80 volts, not fitted with connectors 854460 Insulated electric conductors; for a voltage exceeding 1000 volts 854590 Carbon; lamp carbons, battery carbons and other articles of graphite or other carbon, with or without metal, of a kind used for electrical purposes 854810 Waste and scrap of primary cells, primary batteries and electric accumulators; spent primary cells, spent primary batteries and spent electric accumulators 860290 Rail locomotives and locomotive tenders; other than diesel-electric powered 860900 Containers; (including containers for transport of fluids) specially designed and equipped for carriage by one or more modes of transport 870120 Tractors; road, for semi-trailers
148 Directory of commodity codes and descriptions
Product Code Product Description 870322 Vehicles; spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 1000cc but not exceeding 1500cc 870323 Vehicles; spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 3000cc 870324 Vehicles; spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 3000cc 870332 Vehicles; compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 2500cc 870421 Vehicles; compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a gvw not exceeding 5 tonnes), nes in item no 8704.1 870422 Vehicles; compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. exceeding 5 tonnes but not exceeding 20 tonnes), nes in item no 8704.1 870423 Vehicles; compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. exceeding 20 tonnes), nes in item no 8704.1 870431 Vehicles; spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. not exceeding 5 tonnes), nes in item no 8704.1 870590 Vehicles; break-down lorries, road-sweepers, spraying lorries, mobile workshops, mobile radiological units, and other special purpose vehicles n.e.s. in heading no. 8705 870790 Vehicles; bodies (including cabs) for the motor vehicles of heading no. 8701, 8702, 8704 or 8705 870899 Vehicles; parts and accessories, n.e.s. in heading no. 8708 871499 Cycles; parts thereof, n.e.s. in item no. 8714.9 880240 Aeroplanes and other aircraft; of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000kg 880330 Aircraft and spacecraft; parts of aeroplanes or helicopters n.e.s. in heading no. 8803 880510 Aircraft launching gear, deck-arrestor or similar gear and parts thereof 890120 Tankers 901580 Surveying equipment; articles n.e.s. in heading no. 9015, including hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological, meteorological or geophysical instruments and appliances (excluding compasses) 901590 Surveying equipment; parts and accessories for articles of heading no. 9015 940120 Seats; of a kind used for motor vehicles 940161 Seats; with wooden frames, upholstered, (excluding medical, surgical, dental, veterinary or barber furniture) 940320 Furniture; metal, other than for office use 940340 Furniture; wooden, for kitchen use 940350 Furniture; wooden, for bedroom use 940360 Furniture; wooden, other than for office, kitchen or bedroom use 940370 Furniture; plastic 940389 Furniture; of cane, osier, or similar materials (other than bamboo or rattan) 940429 Mattresses; of other materials, not cellular rubber or plastics 940510 Chandeliers and other electric ceiling or wall light fittings; excluding those used for lighting public open spaces or thoroughfares 940540 Lamps and light fittings; electric, n.e.s. in heading no. 9405 940591 Lamps and light fittings; parts thereof, of glass 940600 Buildings; prefabricated 950300 Tricycles, scooters, pedal cars and similar wheeled toys; dolls' carriages; dolls; other toys; reduced-size (scale) models and similar recreational models, working or not; puzzles of all kinds 950629 Water sport equipment; water-skis, surf-boards and other water-sport equipment, excluding sailboards 960340 Brushes; paint, distemper, varnish or similar brushes (not those of item no. 9603.30), paint pads and rollers 960390 Brooms, brushes, mops, feather dusters, squeegees, hand operated mechanical floor sweepers; (not motorised), prepared knots and tufts for brooms or brush making n.e.s. 961900 Sanitary towels (pads) and tampons, napkins and napkin liners for babies and similar articles, of any material 980100 Personal and used household items
149 Methodology and data used in this report Data description and methods (1/2)
Data sources This report presents quantitative data from various private and public sources of information. These sources include the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the United Nations, the OECD, the World Economic Forum, the International Labour Organization, the CIA World Factbook, the Freedom House, the International Foundation for Electoral Systems, and Statista. The data sources are indicated in footnotes throughout the report.
Real GDP calculation A country's real GDP is an inflation-adjusted GDP assessment reflecting its net growth. It can be used to compare economy sizes across countries. The data in this report is presented in U.S. dollars and maintains the growth rates of the real GDP series. The data is expressed in the base year of each country‘s national accounts, and the year is specified for each country. For more information, please refer to the FAQ section of the World Economic Outlook Database.
Difference between current and constant US$ Data reported in current US$ reflects the value that the currency has in a specific year. The current data series is influenced by the effect of price inflation and differences in exchange rates, and the comparability of growth rates between countries is limited. Data expressed in constant US$ reflects the value of a currency in a specified base year. The individual base year listed in a country’s national accounts differs from country to country. Constant series are used to measure the true growth of a series by adjusting for the effects of price inflation.
150 Methodology and data used in this report Data description and methods (2/2)
Business culture data Data related to country-specific business cultures was collected between January 5 and February 19, 2019. In order to obtain reliable insights into business cultures for each country, only individuals with business experience in their respective countries were included in the survey. The survey sample consisted of 381 participants and a total of 127 countries. Due to the small sample size, the information presented in this report gives the reader a subjective, approximate impression of the business culture in a country and cannot always be generalized.
Determination of retail market development stages The development stages of retail markets were identified based on the specific features of each individual retail market. In cases in which only two out of three features qualified a country for a certain development stage, the country was placed in the transition zone or at the beginning of the higher development stage. For instance, in Egypt, international chains operate in rural areas as well as medium-sized and large cities, and the grocery market is characterized by international, national, and independent store ownership (all indicators for a well-developed retail market). But since payment options do not yet incorporate smartphones and only include traditional and electronic methods (indicator for a maturing market), Egypt was assigned an early well-developed retail market stage.
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