Fungi from Soomaa National Park: Rarities and Species New for Estonia
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Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 56: 127–136 (2019) https://doi.org/10.12697/fce.2019.56.13 Fungi from Soomaa National Park: rarities and species new for Estonia Kadri Põldmaa1, Viacheslav Spirin2, Otto Miettinen2, Kadri Runnel1, Anton Savchenko1, Kadri Pärtel1,3, Urmas Kõljalg1 1Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia E-mail: [email protected] 2Botany Unit (Mycology), Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 3Mycological Collections, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51006 Tartu, Estonia Abstract: To commemorate the internationally renowned mycologist and founder of the mycological research group in Estonia, the late Prof. Erast Parmasto on his 90th anniversary, a mycological foray was conducted at Soomaa National Park, Estonia, in September 2018. Among the 232 fungi recorded, 18 represented species new to Estonia. We present an annotated list of these as well as other species that are rare, nationally protected, and/or threatened at the local, regional or global scale. Kokkuvõte: Tähistamaks Erast Parmasto, rahvusvaheliselt tunnustatud mükoloogi ja Tartu mükoloogia töörühma rajaja, 90. sünniaastapäeva, korraldati septembris 2018 seeneretk Soomaa rahvusparki. 232 registreeritud seene hulgas on 18 liigi esmasleiud Eestist. Lisaks neile esitatakse artiklis nimekiri liikidest, mis on haruldased ja/või ohustatud Eestis, Põhjamaades või kogu maailma ulatuses. Keywords: Agaricomycetes, Atractiellomycetes, Dacrymycetes, Leotiomycetes, Spiculogloeomycetes, Sordariomycetes, strictly protected fungi INTRODUCTION The year 2018 marked the ninetieth anniversary rivers in their natural bed, with up to 40% of of an internationally acknowledged Estonian the area being seasonally floated. Around 42% mycologist Erast Parmasto (1928-2012). Dur- of the 39,884 ha territory is covered by forests, ing an extremely productive career, Parmasto the most prevalent types being pine-dominated conducted studies in various fields of mycology, peatland forests that have partly been trans- with special focus on the taxonomy of corticioid formed into the decayed peatland site type after and polyporoid basidiomycetes as well as the large-scale industrial forest drainage in the diversity of fungi in Estonia (Parmasto, 2012). In 1970s. In addition, the National Park includes addition to internationally renowned research, seasonally floated alluvial forests along rivers, his impact is continuously being expanded by old meso-eutrophic, dry boreal and boreal heath his students and their students who form the forests (Keskkonnaamet, 2016). mycological research group in Tartu, founded by Parmasto. Members of this group, together with Soomaa was one of the favorite fieldwork desti- mycologists from abroad, all co-authoring the nations of Parmasto, with his collections from present paper, celebrated his anniversary with 1953 to 2001 deposited at TAAM (data available a field trip to one of the mycological ‘hotspots’ at the Estonian eBiodiversity portal). During in Estonia, Soomaa National Park, during 16–18 1975–1995 he also led several mycological field- September 2018. courses for biology students; these were based at the field station of the University of Tartu, the Soomaa National Park is situated in south- former schoolhouse in Tipu. In 2001 Parmasto western Estonia, on the western slopes of the summarized the knowledge on the mycota of the Pärnu Lowland and Sakala Upland, at the Soomaa National Park, documenting the occur- basins of the Halliste, Navesti, and Raudna riv- rence of 360 species of mostly basidiomycetes ers. The typical landscape in the National Park (Parmasto, 2001; Keskkonnaamet, 2011). Two is characterized by large bog plains, divided by of these species are legally protected in Estonia 128 Folia Cryptog. Estonica (Estonian Nature Conservation Act, ENCA, 3rd with 140–150-year-old trees in the overstorey; category): Skeletocutis odora (Sacc.) Ginns and (3) Lemmjõe (58.45°N, 25.09°E) and (4) Pääsma Steccherinum pseudozilingianum (Parmasto) (58.38°N, 25.04°E), both representing riverine Vesterh., the latter being originally described by mature and old forests of Aegopodium and Parmasto in the genus Chaetoporus (Parmasto Filipendula type, dominated by deciduous tree 1959). In addition, the species list included two species, notably up to 110-year-old elms and nationally threatened fungi – Gomphus clavatus aspens. (Pers.) Gray and Punctularia strigosozonata (Schwein.) P.H.B. Talbot. The specimens collected during the field trip were deposited at TU or H (O.M. – collection During the last decade, the fungal surveys in numbers of Otto Miettinen and V.S. those of Vi- Soomaa have mainly focused on polyporoid acheslav Spirin). * marks species new to Estonia basidiomycetes. An inventory focusing on fun- and ** four species yet to be described. Detailed gal species of conservation concern (nationally information on localities, substrata/hosts as protected, threatened, rare and indicator spe- well as DNA sequences and photos for all the cies) in the oldgrowth forests of the National 227 collected specimens and 51 cultures iso- Park documented six species legally protected in lated from these (deposited at TFC) can be found Estonia, two assigned to the ENCA 1st and four at the Estonian eBiodiversity portal and the to the 3rd category (Sell, 2015). Among these, PlutoF data management platform where also new localities were listed for Hapalopilus croceus the whole dataset (https://doi.org/10.15156/ (Pers.) Donk and Boletopsis grisea (Peck) Bond- BIO/786364) can be downloaded. artsev & Singer, both representing threatened species in Europe (Dahlberg and Croneborg, 2003; Lõhmus et al., 2018). A survey focusing on the biodiversity of drained peatland forests in Soomaa documented 87 polypore species (Run- nel et al., 2013; Runnel et al., in prep.). One of these, Postia auricoma Spirin & Niemelä, was reported as new to Estonia. The current paper presents an annotated list of the most notable records from the 2018 field expedition, featuring species that are: (1) note- worthy at local scale: new to Estonia, nationally rare (<10 localities) or threatened (assessed as vulnerable - VU, endangered - EN or critically endangered - CR, based on IUCN 2010 (Lõh- mus et al., 2018, Saar et al., 2019) or strictly protected (ENCA category 1–3), (2) rare at global scale or (3) of particular interest regarding taxo- nomical or ecological aspects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 2018 we visited four strictly protected forest sites at the Soomaa National Park (Fig. 1): (1) Maasaare conservation zone (58.35°N, 25.0°E) – a large wind-throw area at the remote southern edge of Kikepera bog where the mixed forests are dominated by deciduous trees, with >120 year-old spruces forming 5% of the overstorey; (2) old pine-dominated forests and drained Fig. 1. Four localities at the Soomaa National peatland forests at Maasaare (58.33°N, 25.0°E) Park visited in September 2018. A. Savchenko 129 LIST OF SPECIES lected once from Denmark and from the United Kingdom. Three previous records on different ASCOMYCOTA polypores from Estonia. Pezizomycotina Leotiomycetes HYPOMYCES SEMITRANSLUCENS G.R.W. Arnold On Exidia candida (TU131131, TFC202313; 4), Cenangiaceae representing a genus rarely parasitized by hypo- CHLORENCOELIA VERSIFORMIS (Pers.) J.R. Dixon crealean fungi in temperate regions. The species On decaying fallen trunks of Populus tremula grows on diverse members of Agaricomycetes, (TU131080; 1) and Ulmus glabra (TU134053; mostly on polypores. It is common in Estonia 3). Known from nine localities in Estonia, all (Põldmaa, 1999) where it has been found on an- within protected areas, regarded as VU (Saar other member of the Auriculariales, Auricularia et al., 2019). All specimens have been collected mesenterica (Dicks.) Pers). during the two last decades, on decorticated **HYPOMYCES sp. rotting trunks that are often too decayed for A pleomorphic collection on Porotheleum fimbria- identification. Likewise, in Finland, this inhabi- tum (Pers.) Fr. (TU131122, TFC202294; 4) and tant of nemoral forests, considered as NT, has an anamorph on Physisporinus sp. (TU131127, been found more frequently in recent years (S. TFC202296; 4) each representing a new species Huhtinen, pers. comm.). that will be described in a future publication. Cordieritidaceae IONOMIDOTIS FULVOTINGENS (berk. & M.A. Curtis) E.K. Cash (Fig. 2) Under flaking bark on a branch ofAlnus incana (TU131164.B; 4), next to the stromota of Tricho- derma rodmanii. The fifth locality in Estonia. The species grows on deciduous dead wood, usually on corticated and sometimes attached branches, often in association with other (pyrenomycetous, corticoid) fungi. In North Europe known from many records in Denmark and a few localities in southern Norway (GBIF). Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales Fig. 2. Ionomidotis fulvotingens and Trichoderma CLADOBOTRYUM CROCEUM K. Põldmaa rodmanii. K. Põldmaa On Megalocystidium sp. (TU131081B, TFC202281; 1). Earlier known only from the type locality in *OPHIOCORDYCEPS VARIABILIS (Petch) G.H. Sung, central Estonia, growing on basidiomata of J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora (Fig. 3) Stereum rugosum Pers. (Põldmaa 1996). The On a larva of Xylophagus sp. (Xylophagidae, current record suggests that it might be a rare Diptera) under the bark of a fallen trunk of specialist of wood-decaying members of the Tilia cordata covered by mosses (TU131117, Russulales