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Youth Research Compendium 1 Institute of Economic Affairs Youth Research Compendium Edited by: Angela Kitonga Katindi Sivi Njonjo Awuor Ponge 2 Youth Research Compendium Edited by: Angela Kitonga Katindi Sivi Njonjo Awuor Ponge Published by © Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), 2011 ACK Garden House, 5th Floor, Wing D Bishops Road, 1st Ngong Avenue P.O Box 53989-00200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254-20-2721262, 2717402 Fax: +254-20-2716231 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ieakenya.or.ke With funding from ISBN: 978-9966-1561-1-2 Design and layout and Printing Ascent All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. The analysis and policy recommendations of this compendium do not necessarily reflect the views of the Rockefeller foundation or those of the Institute of Economic Affairs, its board or its members. Responsibility for the views presented herein rests with the authors. 3 Institute of Economic Affairs Contents Content Page 3 Abbreviations 4 List of Tables 11 List of Figures 15 Preface 18 Acknowledgements 19 Profile of Contributors 20 1. Introduction and Overview 23 2. The Demographic Dividend: A Gift or a Curse? 39 3. The Unemployment Casualties 61 4. Education: Adequate and Equitable Provision? 89 5. Education: An Obsession with Increasing Access at the Expense of Quality 133 6. Health: Are Young People Really ‘Chillin’? 165 7. Family Ties or Family Lies? 197 8. Youth and Politics: Generational Missions 225 9. Vigilante Violence: Kenya’s Unholy Alliances 247 10. Crime: The Young and the Restless 279 11. Sports: On the Right Track 307 12. Entertainment: The Unbwogable Industry 329 4 Youth Research Compendium Acronyms & Abbreviations 3-D Three-Dimensional 4-D Four-Dimensional ACE Adult and Continuing education ACRWC African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child AIC Africa Inland Church AIC African Israel Church AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIE Annual Increase in Enrolment AIP Annual Increase in Population AIPC African Independent Pentecostal Church ANC Ante Natal Care ANCEFA African Network Campaign on Education for All ANPPCAN African Network for Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Network AOC African Orthodox Church, ARH&D Adolescent Reproductive Health and Development ARV Anti Retro-Viral ASAL Arid and Semi-Arid Lands ASFR Age Specific Fertility Rate ASTs Age-Structural Transitions AU African Union BBC British Broadcasting Corporation CAVI Citizens Against Violence CBR Crude Birth Rates CBS Columbia Broadcasting Systems CCK Communication Commission of Kenya CD Compact Disc CDF Constituency Development Fund (CDF) CDR Crude Death Rates CHE Commission for Higher Education CIA Central Intelligence Agency CICRED Committee for International Cooperation in National Research and Demography CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIPK Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya CJPB Centre for Justice and Peace Building CLARION Centre for Legal Reform CODESSRIA Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa CPE Certificate of Education 5 Institute of Economic Affairs CPRC Comprehensive Post rape Care CRIMP Central Region Infrastructure Maintenance Programme CSA Centre for the Study of Adolescence CSI Crime Scene Investigation CSIN Crime Scene Investigation - Nairobi CYPA Children and Young Persons Act DEMA Decentralisation of Education Management DFID Department for International Development DFRDS District Focus for Rural Development Strategy DIT Directorate of Industrial Training DJ Disc Jockey DLTLD Division of Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease DVD Digital Video Disc E&T Education and Training EAA East African Association EAAG East African Association Generation EAR East African Records Limited ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECDE Early Childhood Development Education EFA Education For All EMI Electric Musical Industries EMIS Education Management Information Systems ERSWEC Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation ESP Economic Stimulus Programme EYC Elimu Yetu Coalition FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation FES Friedrich Ebert Stiftung FGC Female Genital Cutting FGM Female Genital Mutilation FIDA International Federation for Women’s Rights FIFA Federation of International Football Association FKL Football Kenya Limited FLEP Family Life Education Programme FM (Radio) Frequency Modulation FORD Forum for the Restoration of Democracy FPE Free Primary Education FY Financial Year GATM Global Fund for AIDs, Tuberculosis and Malaria GB Great Britain GBV Gender Based Violence GDP Gross Domestic Product GER Gross Enrolment Rate GFATM Global Fund to fight AIDS, TB and Malaria GHCRE Geography, History, Civics and Religious Education GN Generation Next GNP Gross National Product GoK Government of Kenya GPI Gender Party Index GST General Systems Theory GSU General Service Unit 6 Youth Research Compendium HDTV High Definition elevisionT HELB Higher Education Loans Board HESP High School Equalization Policy HIV Human Immuno-deficiency irusV HPV Human Papilloma Virus IAAF International Association of Athletics Federations ICPC International Centre for Prevention of Crime ICPD International Conference on Population and Development ICT Information Communication Technology ICTJ International Centre for Transitional Justice IDPs Internally Displaced People IEA Institute of Economic Affairs IEC Information, Education and Communication IGA Income Generating Activities IIEP International Institute for Educational Planning ILFS Integrated Labour Force Survey ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IOC International Olympic Committee IP (Online) Internet Protocol (Address) IRBC Immigration & Refugee Board of Canada IRIN Integrated Regional Information Networks ISO International Organization for Standardisation ISS Institute of Security Studies ITNs Insecticide Treated Nets ITs Institutes of Technology JAB Joint Admissions Board JDL Jewish Defense League JKUAT Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology KACE Kenya Advanced Certificate of Education KAIS Kenya AIDs Indicator Survey KANU Kenya African National Union KAPEA Kenya Association of Private Employment Agencies KASU Kenya African Study Union KAU Kenya African Union KBC Kenya Broadcasting Corporation KBSA Kenya Boy Scouts Association KCA Kikuyu Central Association KCB Kenya Commercial Bank KCB Kenya Copyright Board KCC Kenya Creameries Corporation KCDF Kenya Community Development Foundation KCE Kenya Certificate of Education KCPE Kenya Certificate of Primary Education KCPS Kenya Contraceptive Prevalence Survey KCSE Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education KDHS Kenya Demographic and Health Survey KEPI Kenya Expanded Programme on Immunization KES Kenya Shillings KESPA Kenya Service Provision Assessment 7 Institute of Economic Affairs KESSP Kenya Education Sector Support Programme KESSP Kenya Sector Support Programme KFC Kenya Film Commission KFF Kenya Football Federation KFS Kenya Fertility Survey KHPF Kenya Health Policy Framework KIHBS Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey KISA Kenya Independent Schools Association KJSE Kenya Junior Secondary Education KKESA Kikuyu Karinga Educational Schools Association KKV Kazi Kwa Vijana KLDT Kenya Land Defense Force KLFA Kenya Land and Freedom Army KNASP Kenya National Aids Strategic Plan KNBS Kenya National Bureau of Statistics KNCHR Kenya National Commission on Human Rights KNDP Kenya National Development Plan KNEC Kenya National Examinations Council KNH Kenyatta National Hospital KNSC Kenya National Sports Council KNSP Kenya National Sports Policy KNT Kenya National Theatre KNYP Kenya National Youth Policy KPA Kenya Provincial Association KPLC Kenya Power and Lighting Company KRFU Kenya Rugby Football Union KSHs Kenyan Shillings KSPA Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey KSSSA Kenya Secondary Schools Sports Association KTCSA Kenya Teachers Colleges Sports Association KTTC Kenya Technical Training College KTTF Kenya Thabiti Task Force KVF Kenya Volleyball Federation LAC Latin America and Caribbean Countries LATF Local Authority Transfer Fund LCD Liquid Crystal Display LegCo Legislative Council LG Lost Generation LHG Lancaster House Generation LKWV League of Kenya Women Voters LP Long Play MARPs Most At Risk Populations MCH/FP Maternal Child Health and Family Planning MCSK Music Copyright Society of Kenya MDGs Millennium Development Goals MI Module I MII Module II MMG Mau Mau Generation MMR Maternal Mortality Rates MMUST Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology 8 Youth Research Compendium MoE Ministry of Education MoEST Ministry of Education Science and Technology MoH Ministry of Health MoYAS Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports MP3/MPEG-3 Moving Picture Experts Group – Audio Layer 3. MRC Mombasa Republican Council MSM Men having Sex with other Men MSMEs Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises MTP Medium Term Plan MYSA Mathare Youth Sports association NACADA National Agency for the Campaign Against Drug Abuse NARC National Rainbow Coalition NASCOP National AIDS & STI Control Programme NCAPD National Coordinating Agency for Population and Development NCC Nairobi City Council NCCK National Council of Churches of Kenya NCCS The National Council for Children’s Services NCDs Non-Communicable Diseases NCPD National Council for Population and Development NCST National Council for Science and Technology NDP National Development Plan NEAS National
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