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Home , Frontal nerve, Lingual nerve, Long ciliary nerves, Mandibular nerve, Maxillary nerve, Nasociliary nerve

Human Functional Anatomy 213 lecture week 9 Trigeminal details 1 Human Functional Anatomy 213 lecture week 9 details 2

The trigeminal nerve Ophthalmic division The nerve of the 1st – it has sensory and Exits the through the . The voluntary motor components recurrent branch supplies the and the tentorium cerebelli (meningeal fold above the ) The sensory fibres of the trigeminal nerve have a in It divides into the following branches 1. – goes through the top of the and divides the and the three divisions radiate out into the supra orbital and supra trochlea . Both supply the from there of the and the . Sensory divisions to the 3 regions of the as discussed in 2. Lachrymal nerve – passes further laterally through the orbit – it the development lecture supplies the skin over the lateral part of the upper 1. Ophthalmic – to the frontonasal process a. It also receives a parasympathetic branch from the facial 2. Maxillary - to the maxillary process of the 1st arch nerve that hitchhikes to with it to the lachrymal gland 3. Mandibular - to the mandibular process of the 1st arch 3. – goes more medially through the orbit and a. The mandibular division also carries motor nerves has a number of branches. st a. Posterior ethmoid nerve – supplies the linings of the to the (1 arch) ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. The trigeminal nerve not only supplies the skin of the face – it b. Anterior ethmoid nerve – supplies the upper part of the also supplies deeper structures in the same regions: and a the skin over the cartilaginous part of 1. – of the anterior and middle cranial fossae - the (+Philtrum?) - (external nasal branch) supplied by a recurrent branch from each division. c. Nasociliary nerve – is the most important because it 2. of eye supplies the cornea of the eye. This branch also carries 3. Nasal cavity and the parasympathetic hitchhikers from the oculomotor 4. Oral cavity and teeth nerve that supply the and the pupillary muscles The trigeminal nerve has a tendency to pick up hitchhikers. i. Branch to the (preganglionic This is because it goes to all regions of the face (hitchhikers parasympathetic) – from there go are shown in italics in the following) to the eyeball ii. – are sensory nerves to the front of the eye including the cornea. iii. Infratrochlea nerve – emerges onto the face near the medial corner of the eye and supplies some skin in that region

Human Functional Anatomy 213 lecture week 9 Trigeminal nerve details 3 Human Functional Anatomy 213 lecture week 9 Trigeminal nerve details 4

Maxillary division Mandibular division Exits the cranial cavity through the . The recurrent Exits the cranial cavity through the . A recurrent branch supplies the anterior part of the middle cranial fossa. The meningeal branch goes back into the cranial cavity to supply the goes to the nasal region (ptyerygopalatine fossa) middle cranial fossa and inside the temporal region. where it is joined by hitchhikers from the Motor branches (). These parasympathetic and nerves In the infratemporal region the mandibular nerves has branches to all supply the palatine, nasal and lachrymal glands – and get there by the muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, hitchhiking with most of the branches of the maxillary nerve. lateral pterygoid) plus also the anterior belly of digastric, tensor palati Branches of the facial nerve: and tensor tympani (in the ). 1. – goes through the into The sensory branches include: the orbit it divides into zygomaticofacial and 1. Auriculotemporal – passes through the and zygomaticotemporal nerves and also passes its hitchhiker to supplies the anterior part of the external ear and the skin of the the lachrymal branch of the temporal region. It receives a hitchhiker from the 2. Posterior superior alveolar nerves – stream down over the glossopharyngeal nerve () which it carries to the back and sides of the to the molar teeth parotid gland 3. Anterior superior alveolar nerves – run through the orbit with 2. Buccal – supplies the inner and outer surfaces of the cheek the and then stream over the front of the 3. Lingual – Goes to the maxilla to the anterior teeth and is its main 4. Infraorbital nerve – runs through the orbit and sinks into the sensory supply. The orbital floor before emerging onto the face at the infraorbital is joined foramen. It supplies the upper , cheek, adjacent lining of the by the mouth, and the lower eyelid which hitchhikes to the 5. (greater and lesser) go down through the submandibular palatine foraminae to the posterior part of the . They ganglion. The chorda supply the posterior part of the palate and . tympani carries taste 6. – enters the naslal cavity and runs down the fibres from the tongue septum towards the incisor teeth to the . It and parasympathetic supplies the and the ends in the anterior part of the fibres to the palate. submandibular and 7. Posterolateral nasal nerves – Supply the posterior parts of the sublingual glands. nasal cavity both the septum and the lateral walls. 4. Inferior Palatine, Nasopalatine and Nasal nerves carry hitchhikers that – runs into the stimulate secretion from the nasal and , and taste mandibular and fibres to the palate supplies all the lower teeth. Its ends on the as the

Human Functional Anatomy 213 lecture week 9 Trigeminal nerve details 5 Human Functional Anatomy 213 lecture week 9 Trigeminal nerve details 6

Facial Nerve

The nerve of the 2nd pharyngeal arch. Components include 1. Motor to muscles of facial expression – SVE 2nd arch Other components are from a part called the “nervus intermedius” 2. Parasympathetic to glands - GVE a. above the mouth (palatine, nasal, lachrymal) b. below the mouth (submandibular, sublingual) 3. Taste – SVA. a. Palatine taste buds above the mouth b. Anterior 2/3 of the tongue (below the mouth) 4. It also has some small sensory fibres to the external ear. Exits the cranial cavity through the internal acoustic – leading into the petrous temporal . Branches in the : 1. – emerges from the temporal bone in the middle cranial fossa and goes through the foramen lacerum on its way to the . – (above the mouth) a. Parasympathetic fibres synapse in the ganglion; taste fibres go through non-stop – branches are distributed with branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal 2. Chorda tympani – emerges from the temporal bone through petrotympanic fissure (near the TMJ). It joins the lingual branch of the . (below the mouth) a. Parasympathetic fibres synapse in the before rejoining the lingual nerve to be carried to sublingual and submandibular glands. 3. The main motor part of the facial nerve supplies muscles of facial expression. It emerges through the . It swings forwards and branches as it passes through the parotid gland. a. Temporal b. Zygomatic c. Buccal d. Mandibular e. Cervical

Human Functional Anatomy 213 lecture week 9 Trigeminal nerve details 7 Human Functional Anatomy 213 lecture week 9 Trigeminal nerve details 8

FACIAL NERVE PICTURES COMPOSITION OF GSA GVA SSA/SVA GSE GVE SVE I Smell

II Vision III * Extraocular Const pupil. muscles Ciliary musc

IV * Superior

oblique V Skin and Muscles of

mucous mastication

membranes VI * Lateral rectus Temporal VII Skin of the Viscera Taste Sublingual Muscles of ear Submand. facial

Zygomatic Nasal buccal expression VIII Balance Buccal IX Skin of the Viscera Taste Parotid gland Stylo-

ear Sense pharyngeus Mandibular X Mucosa of Viscera Taste Thoracic & Palate

the larynx & Sense abdominal

Cervical ear skin organs Larynx XI Trapezius

and SCM

XII * Tongue muscles

* Also GSA - muscle sensory