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Speight of Violence.Pdf Speight of Violence Inside Fiji's 2000 Coup ALSO BY TUPENI BABA Bavadra: Prime Minister, Statesman, Man of the People - Selection of Speeches and Writings (co-ed, 1990) Researching Pacific and Indigenous Peoples (co-ed, 2004) Business of Australian Aid: Education, Training and Development South Pacific Education profiles: A Sourcebook on Trends and Developments (co-author, 1992) ALSO BY UNAISI NABOBO-BABA Researching Pacific and Indigenous Peoples (co-ed, 2004) ALSO BY MICHAEL FIELD Cook's Wild Strait (1983) Mau: Samoa's Struggle for Freedom (1984) Speight of Violence Inside Fiji's 2000 Coup Michael Field TupeniBaba Unaisi Nabobo-Baba PANDANUS BOOKS Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY The views expressed are those of the authors alone and no liability should be attached to those who aided our work. Cover: George Speight, a convicted traitor, is escorted out of court after hearing a death sentence passed on him. AFP Photo ©Michael Field, Tupeni Baba, Unaisi Nabobo-Baba 2005 The authors assert their moral rights in the work. This book is copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne convention. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Ty peset in Sabon lOpt on 13.04pt and printed by Publishing Press Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand CiP data for this title is available from the National Library in Australia ISBN 1 74076 170 7 Editorial inquiries please contact Pandanus Books on 02 6125 3269 www.pandanusbooks.com.au Published by Pandanus Books, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Pandanus Books are distributed by UNIREPS, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052 Te lephone 02 9664 0999 Fax 02 9664 5420 For Junior and Mela Baba and Te uila and Palemia Field who worried and wondered what was happening to their parents. Isa Lei, na noqu rarawa Niko sa na vodo e na mataka Bau nanuma, na nodatou lasa Mai Suva nanuma tiko ga Isa Lei, the purple shadows fall Sad the morrow will dawn upon my sorrow Oh forget not when you are far away Precious moments beside the Suva bay The phrase 'Isa Lei' emphasises one's extreme and heartfelt sense of vakanananu or nostalgia over a place, person, event, or loved one. It registers the feeling that the speaker is shedding deep emotions about their loss, grief and sense of emptiness. It encompasses the intellect, the heart and the soul. Key events in Fiji politics 1970 October 10 (Sat.) Fiji becomes independent with Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara founding prime minister. 1985 July 1 (Mon.) Fiji Labour Party (FLP) founded. 1987 Apri 12 (Sun.) Timoci Bavadra's FLP wins general election. May 14 (Thurs.) Sitiveni Rabuka stages Fiji's firstcoup. September 26 (Sat.) Rabuka's second coup. October 7 (Wed.) Fiji declared a republic. 1990 July 25 (Wed.) New, racist constitution promulgated. 1997 July 25 (Fri.) Multiracial constitution promulgated. 1999 May 19 (Wed.) Mahendra Chaudhry sworn in as Fiji's firstIndian prime minister. 2000 May 19 (Fri.) George Speight seizes Fiji Parliament, taking government hostage. May 24 (Wed.) UN special representative Sergio de Mello and Commonwealth head Don McKinnon visit Speight. May 2 7 (Sat.) President Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara sacks hostage Prime Minister Chaudhry. May 28 (Sun.) Policeman Filipo Seavula murdered by rebels, Fiji TV trashed. May 29 (Mon.) Fiji Military declare martial law and dump President Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara. June 12 (Mon.) Soldiers fire at Speight at a road block. June 24 (Sat.) Speight releases female hostages. July 3 (Mon.) Laisenia Qarase named by military as interim prime minister. July 9 (Sun) Muanikau Accord signed to end crisis. 13 July 13 (Thurs.) Chaudhry and the last of the hostages freed. July 27 (Thurs.) Speight and key coup figuresarr ested. November 2 (Thurs.) Mutiny at military headquarters - eight killed. 2001 July 1 (Sun.) Fiji Red Cross head John Scott and partner murdered. September 12 (Wed.) Qarase's new government sworn in, after democratic elections. 2002 February 18 (Mon.) Speight convicted of treason and sentenced to death - commuted to life imprisonment within hours. 2003 June 2 7 (Fri.) Joe Nata and Timoci convicted of treason. 2004 April 19 (Mon.) Mara dies. Contents Abbreviations 11 Map of Fiji 12 Foreword 13 1 Armed strangers: Friday 19 May 2000 17 2 The way the world should be: Vanua and taukei 20 3 Kala pani: Thursday 14 May 1897 30 4 Military takeover: Thursday 14 May 1987 37 5 People's coalition: Wednesday 19 May 1999 54 6 Civil coup: Friday 19 May 2000 73 7 Speight, son of Sam: 'Failed businessman' 91 8 Reaction: Golf clubs in action 101 9 Ten-day slide: Chaudhry beaten 112 10 Constitution's edge: Friday 26 May 2000 124 11 Another military coup: Monday 29 May 2000 133 12 Ten-point plans: Through June 2000 143 13 What does God want?: 'Forgiveness' 150 14 Long days and nights in captivity: Carnival at Parliament 158 15 Clueless: 'Great' chiefs and reporters 168 16 Nightmare spreads: 'Darkness of Fiji' 181 17 Assassination or stage play?: Queen's Birthday: 12 June 2000 187 18 Families: John Scott and the Red Cross 192 19 Muanikau Accord: Sunday 9 July 2000 204 20 Meeting my husband's captors: Monday 10 July 2000 213 21 Freedom: Thursday 13 July 2000 216 22 Desert Island: Wednesday 26 July 2000 232 23 New coup: Thursday 2 November 2000 242 24 Death by hanging: Monday 18 February 2002 248 25 So what was it all about? More coups? 261 Further reading 275 Authors 277 Acknowledgements 279 Index 281 Abbreviations AFP Agence F rance-Presse ALTA Agricultural Landlord and Te nants Act CCF Citizens Constitutional Forum CDC Commonwealth Development Corporation CRW Counter Revolutionary Wa rfare Unit FAB Fijian Affairs Board FAP Fijian Association Party FLP Fiji Labour Party FPSA Fiji Public Service Association GCC Great Council of Chiefs NBF National Bank of Fiji NFP National Federation Party NLTB Native Land Trust Board PANU Party of National Unity QEB Queen Elizabeth Barracks QVS Queen Victoria School RFMF Republic of Fiji Military Forces SVT Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Ta ukei TRM Trans Resource Management USP University of the South Pacific 11 @] Fiji Islands Rolu1111 I I I \ ,/... .... <r�acula ' ' \ I 0 ' M1110 I lomaiviti Group I I TOVATA O c;m I I I I I Lau Group I I ,£. I ' I Yetulelt� 'I Macoo BUREBASAGA \f I I I 17 I Ka""'O I I I I 0 Foreword There are certain events in our lives that are etched in our consciousness. They affect forever how we think, how we feel and how we see the world. Until these events leave our memory, they continue to grate and fester and, like a young life in an embryo, they seek full expression through their own existence in the world. But like all births, these events or stories have their own timing and also require an appropriate environment for their full appreciation. The three authors have had their lives affected by Fiji's 2000 coup. They have carried that experience in their consciousness while longing and waiting for an opportunity to share it with others. This book provides that opportunity and it is by coincidence that we were able to come together through a meeting with a Reed Publishing representative. This book will be launched on the fifth anniversary of the Fiji 2000 coup, by which time many of the characters indicted will have been charged and convicted and many others will have been clearly identified and awaiting trial. But the 2000 coup is not only about these people who planned and carried it out; it is also about all those who were unfortunately the victims, like the parliamentarians and their immediate families, those who lost their work and businesses, not to mention the ordinary people whose dreams and faith in Fiji have been shaken and in many cases shattered. Many of these people have since left the country, along with thousands who have migrated abroad since the first coup of 1987. The book also shows that a story of such an important event in a small country like Fiji inevitably features all the important institutions and offices of the land: the office of the president, the 13 14 SPEIGHT OF VIOLENCE judiciary, the Parliament, the police, the military, the Great Council of Chiefs, the churches and other civil society organisations. Perceptions of groups, communities and individuals inevitably shape how they relate to other groups in a plural society. Fijian perceptions of their interests were drawn upon to galvanise indigenous Fijians and institutions like the Great Council of Chiefs to support 'The Cause'. All three coups in Fiji have been justified on the basis of 'Fijian interest'. The 2000 coup has also shown that beneath the guise of pushing for Fijian interest is the real interest of those who stand to lose thousands of dollars, and in some cases millions, in unpaid tax and bad debts owed to the former National Bank of Fiji and the Fiji Development Bank. There are also those who lost power and positions through the defeat of the Sitiveni Rabuka's government in the 1999 elections. Many of those who would lose their privileges in the change of government combined and formed formidable opposition to the new government. It is to be noted that the wheels of justice turn very slowly in Fiji, that many of those who were involved in the 2000 coup have only just been charged and convicted and many more are still awaiting trial even as we prepare to commemorate the fifth anniversary of the coup.
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