Walter J Travis As a Young Man, C.1899 BA In

Sutton bay’s 4th hole is one of the three par fives that Marsh included in the front nine

Inset: a large central bunker defines the tee shot landing area on the 480m par 5 15th. the fairway splits around this bunker, with the higher left side continuing on as the main fairway, while the right is truncated

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Below: Walter J Below: The 1903 US The British champion, Caught in his own web - Travis playing The Schenectady putter, designed by Travis as a young Amateur Champion photographed upon his out of the extremely deep pot he added Arthur Knight, will forever be associated with own Memory Lane Since youthful days 50 years ago, when it was man, c.1899 in action return to America in 1904 to the 18th green at Garden City in 1906 Travis’ victory in the 1904 British Amateur

24 hours before his first He later wrote that: “Golf, with us, This caused a falling out with Emmet, He called for standardization of the Photographs below, from top: The tee shot on the opening hole at Garden City Country The 18th green at Stafford CC in 1922 His contributions as a writer and possible to take the train from London all the way to St. Andrews station, I match, Travis trialled the is mostly of a kindergarten order. and the two hardly spoke for the golf ball, advanced ideas of a national Club, Long Island, played over a sandy waste area and sandy mounds planted with displays typical Travis contouring which champion for equity in the game have centre-shafted ‘Schenectady’ The holes are too easy, and there is rest of their lives. golf farm for agronomic research and clumpy grasses / The 4th hole at Hollywood Golf Club, New Jersey c.1920, following divided the putting surface into distinct been considerable, but mostly we are formed my own special attachment with a venerable links, a golf course like putter - which he had briefly too much of a family resemblance all training of qualified personnel and the substantial redesign by Walter Travis in 1917 - note the dramatic mounding sections. Note the length of the flagstick thankful for his architectural talents no other and one that I took sublime pleasure in playing over and over again, used in the past and was later through. Our courses seem to be laid Travis and Dunn made some fought off allegations that he should and bunkering on this par 3 that were a feature of his redesign / More dramatic being held by the caddie and the steep and desire to spread the notion of to be banned - and immediately out not with reference to first class alterations to Essex Country Club in be deemed a professional since he Travis mounding and bunkering at Hollywood Golf Club’s 9th hole c.1920 mounding on the adjacent 15th hole strategic design in the days when the Old Course at St. Andrews. From some serious match play as a young amateur, rediscovered his putting touch, play, but rather to suit the game of Massachusetts, but these only lasted derived his income from writing about steeplechase golf was most common. and with it, the rest of his game. the average player. Really good a few years until Donald Ross was golf and planning courses. Forced to Travis apparently got his inspiration Travis left his country of birth as a in an Open Championship as a Tour player in 1964 and sensibly back Travis used all the negatives he was links develop really good entrusted with a major rebuild. Illness retire from Amateur tournaments to from the convoluted 16th green at young man, surely never imagining the encountering and turned them, in his players, a few remarkably so, in 1911 made Travis realise he was not pursue his course design ambitions, North Berwick. This green style saw a success and varied careers that lay playing as an amateur in countless social games since, I have played own words, into “a steel-clad resolution” while the general standard bullet proof and he convalesced in his swansong was winning the 1915 deep swale cutting through the surface, ahead of him in America. His legacy to A champion amateur golfer, author of two to win the title. This he did, overcoming of play is at the same time Vermont at Ekwanok. Later that year Metropolitan Amateur by sinking a often on a diagonal, that separated the golf is great, and we are proud to claim or walked over the old links, never bored, never under the same books on the game, turf experimentalist, the best British opponents along the very sensibly improved.” he designed an 18 holer for the 40 foot putt for a 1 up victory over 36 green into two halves. These swales so him as one of our greatest Australian way. It was far from a popular victory Youngstown Country Club in Ohio. holes. His opponent, John Anderson, influenced approach shots and putts Golf Course Architects. conditions, always exhilarated. Quite the best golf I have ever found founder and editor of The American Golfer though. The Peer, Lord Northbourne, Travis laid out a new course for stated “I cannot imagine a finer they have been softened or eliminated presented the cup and in his the club after they had been finish to a career”. over the years on a number of Travis The Walter J Travis Society What joy therefore ten years ago, having spent thirty years as a practicing and golf course architect. Was Walter speech, said he hoped that such forced to move from their courses - fortunately some have The Walter J Travis Society was golf course architect, to be given the task of producing a new course a disaster as Mr Travis’ victory previous site. The holes vary survived intact. established in 1994 to promote a on fields overlooking the “Auld Gray Toon”. A commission to design Travis a truly unsung hero of golf and would never hit British sport again, in length and direction and the The course was later remodelled by Design philosophy and legacy greater awareness and appreciation and build the Dukes golf course and clubhouse during the mid and that not since the days of the routing is far from monotonous - Dick Wilson in 1962 and by Rees Jones Over a 28 year period, Walter Travis The routing of a Travis course is always for the legacy of Walter Travis and his 90’s, reunited our firm with St. Andrews. Peter Thomson to America’s first renaissance man in golf? Roman occupation had the British although subsequently remodelled by in 1998, but still retains the Travis was involved with some 58 golf course a strong point, and he used the land accomplishments and contributions stay and live there during the summer months, the first been subject to such an indignity. It Bob Labbance, in his excellent book Donald Ross in 1921, Ross wisely left routing, his dramatic green complexes projects. Some have subsequently brilliantly to create diversity in the feel to the game of golf. The publication Open Champion to do so since Old Tom Morris presided And what claim can Australia make on was a most ungracious speech, which The Old Man, records that Travis also Travisí routing alone at Youngstown. and most of his original bunkers. been remodelled and others lost, but of the golf holes and the directions they of Bob Labbance’s book The Old Man as ‘Keeper of the Green’ a hundred years ago and the Old Man gracefully acknowledged. played a significant role in the two aspects of Travis’ designs have played in. Accolades for his bunkering was the culmination of considerable myself with the best excuse to visit more often. this man who left the country of his remodelling of the Number 2 course at The editor Travis continued to work into the rarely been altered - his course and spectacular mounding have been research by the Society and Labbance Above: Scottish newspaper Architectural leanings Pinehurst Resort in the sand barrens of This continuously cigar smoking man, 1920’s, designing courses from routings and his greens. given by a number of into Travis’ life and achievements, and clipping from 1857 describes birth at the age of 23? At the Dyker Meadow Club, Travis first North Carolina, at least according to somewhat saturnine and of withdrawn Georgia to Canada. His friend Robert present day architects copies of the book, autographed by how the R&A had spent 20 met James L Taylor, who was planning Travis himself. The course was poorly temperament, who did not endear Hunter, tried everything he could to Bob Labbance quotes who are involved in the author, can be purchased by pounds to repair the bunker a golf course on 200 acres of farmland patronised when it first opened and himself to all, then began writing get Travis to come out to California in Dr Mike Hurdzan restoring some of his contacting the Society. Early days Opening a new store in New York, The golf bug He won the title in 1900 at his new faces. Repairing the bunker he had options on in Manchester, Travis finally convinced the owner volumes of material for Country Life 1920 and 1921, but it never came to describing Travis’ green remaining courses. Walter John Travis was born in USA in 1885, the organisation offered When Travis was sent to England home course of Garden City GC, Long faces has been a regular Vermont. Taylor invited Travis there in James Walker Tufts and his son and Golf magazines, initially fruition. Eventually Hunter became complexes: “He really by John Scarth and Neil Crafter Australia at Maldon, Victoria on 10th the 23 year old Travis the position to work from the company’s London Island, defeating Findlay Douglas on activity on the Old Course 1899 and Walter asked professional Leonard, according to Travis’ own concerning grasses for golf courses. involved with a more famous figure divided the greens up Although Travis did not January 1862. Maldon is a rural of Manager. He departed Australia office in 1895, he saw his first games the last green in a torrential downpour. ever since John Duncan Dunn to accompany writings in a 1920 American Golfer His son Bartlett later suggested that A full time architect in architectural circles, Dr Alister into small target areas design a course in his community near Bendigo that grew up in 1886, only returning once in 1888 of golf being played over the Tooting Travis backed up to win again in 1901 him on the trip. They walked the land article, to remodel the course “our front lawn resembled a botanical But was his career over or just about Mackenzie, becoming his West Coast by using ridge lines and homeland of Australia, References and sources: as a result of the gold rush in Victoria in to run the company’s booth at the Bec, Mitcham and Wimbledon courses, and was successful once more in 1903. The Old Man - The Biography of Walter J Travis Left: Allan Robertson, together and jointly declared its according to his views. To assist him in crazy quilt in spots where he planted to commence? Travis threw himself partner in 1926, in time for their most valleys. And the greens and despite becoming the mid 1800’s. Walter was the fourth Melbourne Centennial Exhibition. and purchased clubs so that he could by Bob Labbance, 2000 champion golfer and featherie suitability for a golf course, eventually this process, Travis says he involved various blends of seeds”. Travis into architecture after his competitive prized collaboration at Cypress are not big either, but an American citizen, Golf, A Pictorial History by Henry Cotton, 1975 of eleven children born to his parents learn the game on his return to New In 1902, Walter was joint runner-up in ball maker. In the end, he laying out the Ekwanok Golf Club. Pinehurst’s Scottish professional discussed his competitive struggles, retirement and, according to the Walter Point Club. a lot of them were built he was Australia’s first The Golf Course by Geoffrey S Cornish and Charles and Susan Travis over a twenty- Boarding at a guest house on the York. He joined the Oakland Golf Club the US Open Championship behind could not hold back Here Travis broke the mould of cross Donald Ross, and began “pouring into his opinions on the worthlessness of J Travis Society, went on to consult on, into hills so that the world golf champion and Ronald E Whitten, 1981 four year period. His father was a miner lower east side of Manhattan, he on Long Island in October 1896 and, winner Laurie Auchterlonie of Scotland, Tribute by Charles Price,1970 ‘progress’ and became a bunkers as fairway hazards, straight Donald’s ears my ideas”. Travis claimed American courses compared to their remodel or plan 58 golf courses, with By 1922 Walter had seven projects ball would bounce off a genius as a golf course who was later killed in a mine accident devoted himself to his new job and in his own words, “ever since I have but his most extraordinary performance Discovering Donald Ross by Bradley S Klein, 2001 gutta-percha ball maker as fairways, unimaginative routings and that it was his concepts, plans and British counterparts, rules, his most noteworthy work undertaken he was juggling, and this proved to be the hill and work back architect. Macdonald in 1880 and when Walter’s elder joined the Niantic Club, where he been a devout worshipper of the Royal was at Sandwich for the 1904 British Americas Linksland - A Century of Long Island Golf well. Allan died young, at flat, symmetrical and identical greens. work that turned Number 2 into a handicapping, equipment and course at the Equinox and Ekwanok Golf his most prolific period. He continued toward the greens. acknowledged this status by William Quirin, 2002 In September this year, at sunrise with promise brother was also killed the following played tennis, poker and billiards, also and Ancient game”. He wrote of his Amateur Championship. the age of 44, but not before He placed fairway bunkers to the side, strategically bunkered course to be maintenance. His first book Practical Clubs, Westchester Country Club, design work well into 1927, redesigning His greens would be by appointing Travis to The Walter J Travis Society and Ed Homsey for the of a fine morning ahead, I left The Old Course Hotel, year, Travis became the head of the joining a group that regularly went first golfing experiences in the fall of laying out a number of doglegged holes and created an reckoned with, and as Ross and Tufts Golf debuted in 1901 and was printed Cape Arundel GC, Garden City GC, the original Equinox course adjacent considered a little severe his select committee kind provision of information about Travis along with which had long taken the place of the old railway household. on fishing trips. Travis was clearly 1896 “I appreciated my comparative On arrival in Britain, Travis totally a number of photographs and drawings to links himself interesting routing, as well as were both alive at the time of Travis’ in three editions. In 1905 the book The Hollywood GC, Lookout Point GC in his beloved Ekwanok in Vermont. by today’s standards but considering for the National Golf Links of America, siding and repair sheds akin the 17th fairway, and cut enamoured with the New York lifestyle helplessness after a few attempts”. lost his game and so desperate was accompany this article. modulating the surface of his greens article, and neither disputed his claims, Art of Putting was published in Britain, Canada, The Country Club of Scranton, Travis made his final visit to inspect his when he did them, I think the greens although he was later removed. In across to the 2nd tee. Well ahead of the first golfers and Educated at the Denominational and here he developed his lifelong Armed with instructionals, he practiced he after only his second game that he Far left: the bunkers on the to bring ground game skills into play. there is perhaps some measure of truth jointly authored by Travis and Jack Yahnundasis GC and Round Hill GC. course at the Country Club of Troy, really showed a lot of understanding 1917 Travis was also one of a number dressed for any weather, I set off on my brilliant walk for School in Maldon, Travis was a keen vices of whisky and black cigars. incessantly and dedicated himself to purchased a new set of clubs from Old Course are fearsome Travis spent a number of months on in them. Ross biographer Bradley Klein White, British Open champion of 1904, New York, in mid 1927, but poor health of the strategy of the game.” of golf course architects credited the umpteenth time, ambling along each fairway and over hunter and played competitive cricket becoming a proficient player. Ben Sayers at North Berwick. Arriving and, according to Michael site supervising construction, playing wrote of this matter saying, “This was but the book did not sell well and few Travis was invited in 1917 to remodel was taking its toll on Travis, and by the with giving advice to George Crump each green until a couple of hours later, the 18th tee was and tennis. Slight of build (he never Settling down at Sandwich (Royal St Georges) it Wloveridge, are now even test shots, adding hazards and no small boast, though there’s no copies were printed. the 18 holes of the Hollywood Golf July 1927 opening of Equinox, he was Tom Doak describes the Travis greens at Pine Valley, its builder and reached. Then with an affectionate glance down that famously weighed over 140 pounds), he was Around 1888 he first met Anne Bent The player seemed that the English had gone out deeper and more severe. generally fine-tuning the course. evidence to confirm his account - and Club in Deal, New Jersey, being paid too ill to play and followed the action at Country Club of Troy, Cape Arundel principal designer. wide fairway, I headed down the 17th to my hotel and breakfast! a taciturn young man somewhat and was immediately smitten, pouring Despite not taking up the game until of their way to make things difficult for This is one of the two In August 1900 Travis was back at none, as well, to refute it”. In 1908, he founded The American $1000 for his services. He built 2 tees from a car. His doctors advised him to and Hollywood as intricate as any he disadvantaged at these sports. out his heart and affections in love he was 35 years old, Travis developed him - but this only made the Old Man, spectacle bunkers short of Ekwanok, playing an exhibition match Golfer magazine, serving as its Editor per hole, when one was the standard, get away from the East Coast out to has seen, according to Labbance. The The name of Walter J Travis will In times past I had strolled it more than once with Laurie Auchterlonie letters, in such a poetic manner that a swing through trial and error, and as he had become known, more the 5th green. When this to celebrate the course opening. In 1906 Travis wrote an article on his for its first dozen years. Travis and lengthened the course to an Colorado or Arizona, and on 19th July ridges, folds, valleys and pockets built forever be associated with the who, leaning as an octagenarian on his stick in a gentle perambulation of After a stint in New South Wales as would surprise those who only knew much practice, that suited his small, determined. The caddie assigned to photograph was taken in home course Garden City, designed by pontificated on a strict adherence to unheard of 6,950 yards (6,300 metres). 1927, ‘Jack’and ‘Nan’ Travis settled into by Travis in the putting surfaces extend Schenectady putter and his victory in selected holes of the links, would chuckle as he remarked that he was a jackeroo on a sheep station, at the his dour public persona. After a long wiry frame and could repeat itself. Travis was described by him later as 1994 the sod revetting on Travis sought out other design his friend Devereaux Emmet, in which the rules and established a handicap He generally retained the old routing the Hotel Ayres in Denver, Colorado. It out into the surrounds, so that the the 1904 British Amateur at Sandwich. merely carrying out his duty as ‘Keeper of the Green’, the mantle he had age of twenty Travis was employed by courtship, ‘Nan’, as he called her, and Combined with his mental strength “a natural born idiot, and cross-eyed this bunker face had opportunities and decided that he he started by stating that it was one system that was copied throughout but combined holes and reworked all was to be his last residence. In the early green appears as part of the broader But Travis’ impact on the world of golf inherited from his father Willie upon his death in 1963. Willie Auchterlonie McLean Bros and Rigg - Hardware ‘Jack’ as she called him, were married and competitive nature, his game had at that”. Despites his efforts to change deteriorated and was due needed to study the great courses of of the best courses in the country and America. He railed against the stymie, the greens and bunkers - Hollywood hours of July 31st 1927, Walter J Travis landform, not isolated from it. Travis was much greater than simply that. had followed Andrew Kirkaldy in 1935 who in turn had taken over the Merchants of Melbourne, Sydney and early in January 1890 and moved improved to the point by 1898 where him the organisers insisted that the for replacement the British Isles, and spent a month devoted the next 15 paragraphs warned against the loss of premium was especially well known for the passed away quietly in his sleep, aged also found a place in many of his He proved that taking up the game combined duties of ‘Professional and Keeper of the Green’ from Old Tom Adelaide, as well as London, England. to a small home in Flushing, New York he felt ready to perform on a national caddie stay with Travis. The Walter J Travis Society Inc in the summer of 1901 playing 36 suggesting improvements to nearly golf ground to housing development attractive and extensive bunkering 65. His last request was that he be courses for a ‘swale’ green, not unlike late in life it was still possible to himself when the great man died in 1908 aged 87. Four professionals where they bore two children, stage, reaching the semi-finals in the 24 Sandstone Drive, Rochester,NY 14616, USA holes a day on many of the great links, every hole! He convinced the club to and told clubs to secure whatever scheme that Travis employed. buried close to Ekwanok, the first CB Macdonald and his use of compete with and defeat much more since 1860! (Editor’s note - see Michael’s article entitled A Good Walk daughter Adelaide and son Bartlett, US Amateur Championships of both Email [email protected] even playing with Old Tom Morris let him undertake a number of these land they could now, lest it be more Labbance relates that the 12th was course he created in Manchester. the ‘Biarritz’ hole. experienced and younger opponents. Web www.buff-golf.crosswinds.net/travis.htm from GA2 1998 for further recollections of Laurie Auchterlonie). over the next four years. 1898 and 1899. on the Old Course. improvements and for many years expensive in the future. once dubbed ‘the Heinz Hole’ in was allowed an almost free hand. honour of its 57 bunkers!

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current distortion of the game where the ball travels out of earshot and ‘fore’ For them it is not seen as so important. It is well recorded that when the gutta Below: the tranquil setting Right: expanses of sandy becomes an unheeded warning, a four letter word lost on the wind. percha ball, the ‘gutty’, came along in 1848, respected St. Andrews champion of the par 3 8th hole at waste border the length of golfer and ball maker, Jericho National Golf Club the 8th hole at Calusa Pines Allan Robertson in New Hope, Pennsylvania in Naples, Florida. Pine declared in disgust, straw and native grasses ‘it’s nae gowff!’ Now, add to the effect more than 150 years Right: cartoon from on, we as present day c. 1905 titles ‘The Latest golf architects can Improvements at St. only throw our hands Andrews’. Seems that up in agreement and 100 years ago golfers despair as inevitably were also complaining the skills developed about the depth of not so many years ago the bunkers! by the top players, will become obsolete as the modern It was on one of these walks that I first learned of The Reverse Course, a I resumed my solitary walk, chatting Below: Churchman masters perfect their wonderfully Scottish arrangement, allowing the badly worn areas of the fairways occasionally to the greenkeepers, some cigarette cards of the chipping and putting to be rested as the ball was driven over them to fall upon virtually pristine turf, of whom I have come to know, learning Old Course from the and consign a one with the course played ‘backwards’. The Reverse Course was used in this that it can take up to 2 hours to cut ‘can you beat Bogey at time glorious game fashion for a hundred years or so and only recently, by St. Andrews chronology, each of the seven double greens in St. Andrews?’, a series to relative farce. After moving from the east coast of Having broken the news to his Needless to say these factors contribute The back nine begins, played from But undoubtedly the most regrettable The 17th was regarded by Bobby “Many innovations that Captain Thomas has the practice been completely abandoned. Judging from the terrible wear by summertime using a ‘walk behind’ of 55 cards from 1934 the USA in 1920, George C Thomas Jr. companions, it was Thomas who was to providing one of the most unique the patio of the Clubhouse, with the disfigurement to the course has been Jones as one the best holes he ever and Billy Bell implemented at Bel-Air divots following a summer of constant traffic, an order to play mower. One of these greens occupies that also contained a Of course all of these turned his considerable talents as a to observe a ridge some 150 feet routing experiences in world golf. pivotal 10th hole characterized by the the homogenization of the fabulous played, a strong par 4 dogleg to the were important because they served as the Reverse Course until next season would bring a welcome an acre! Happily there are uncountable description by Bernard lamentations are old golf course architect to opportunities in across a scrub-filled canyon. Struck stark whiteness of the Swinging Bridge. Thomas and Bell bunkering. Once right. Ben Hogan considered it one a trial run for their most enduring respite to the fine old turf and a splendid new experience for numbers of greenkeepers on the Old darwin on the back hat to the games’ California. Sometime in 1922 Thomas with an idea, Thomas encouraged However, much more can be said Shorter in length but also in par, the sinuous and spidery capes and bays of his favourites too, but the hole they design elements, which were used on players to boot! Course able to stay well ahead of the of each hole administrators on both met William Bell, and together they Neville to attempt a stroke across the about what makes this routing so back nine holes are the more have disappeared, either lost to past knew was not exactly the hole that the next two (and most popular) golfers carrying out their daily chore sides of the Atlantic, as limited by archaic legal structures, they seem laid bare, embarked in 1925 on one of the most gulch with the only club at hand, an distinguished and unforgettable. Upon difficult and memorable. maintenance practices or deliberately Thomas and Bell built in 1926, as projects”, namely Riviera Country Club Laurie would point all this out and chat about it. He preferred of mowing, mowing and mowing. powerless to act in the face of pugilistic manufacturers who seem to have significant routing triumphs in the aluminium headed putter, and upon playing Bel-Air the golfer can at times removed altogether - filled and flooding caused the loss of a small and the redesign of Los Angeles it and I better understood the role of a host of bunkers that I no heed of the extent of their vandalism in a headlong pursuit of more distance history of golf course architecture. succeeding, all three men repeated become unaware of their proximity With significant change over the smoothed over. Even the Redan green peninsula of fairway on the inside Country Club - North. never quite considered to be of much use, even on the wildest Very fast greens were made notorious and more profit - and we golfers buy it! Pray soon that it will all surely change They had consultative input from Jack the feat. Fortunately, Alphonso Bell to the hustle and bustle of Beverley Hills years, Bel-Air is a course that has at the 13th has been compromised by corner of the dogleg where only the of days. Played in reverse, most of the huge greens seem in Melbourne during the 50’s, 60’s and 70’s Above: cover of Old Tom’s and we shall awaken one morning to find our great golf courses restored Neville, the co-designer of Pebble owned all the land beyond the ridge. and Sunset Boulevard. There is no suffered much disfigurement at the the insertion of a bunker into the hillside very brave would attempt to drive their by Paul Mogford more receptive to the approach shot than the current version, by Claude Crockford with his slick but true price list from 1894. Wonder to us to be enjoyed as they were intended. Beach with Douglas Grant. Millionaire sense of parallel holes and at Bel-Air, hands of the well meaning. Creeks at the right of the green, which had fed ball. It is still a great hole and described with some lovely ‘broken ground’ to carry. Laurie spoke with Royal Melbourne greens. As time passed the what he would make of founder of Bel-Air, Alphonso Bell, had So it was that Thomas declared that Thomas and Bell introduced a number and washes which characterized balls back onto the putting surface. by Thomas’ biographer Geoff much affection of the broken ground and of ‘the whiskers’, a practice tended to be overdone by some of today’s clubs and balls? Help, Laurie, help! If you need me, I’ll be on the Reverse Course! made his money in oil and invested this would be the site for the tenth tee, of bold design elements, such as the holes such as on the 9th, have been With so few of the original bunkers Shackelford “as strong a par-4 as reedy, upright grass, which had a nasty habit of getting in the his ‘disciples’ and on occasions of high winds, wisely in real estate, and entrusted the with the Clubhouse to be located 11th hole with its alternate fairway, re-aligned and taken out of play, while remaining - the sprawling Redan one could wish to play.” The finishing way of the ball. I should love to have played the Reverse putting became impossible with unfortunate Left: cigarette card from trio to deliver him a unique golf course immediately adjacent. A suspension striking mounding and even a modified unique and voluptuous mounding bunker at the front left of the 13th hole winds its way back up the canyon course early one morning with Laurie presiding, now that would have been headlines resulting. At St. Andrews on the 1900 by Cope Bros. showing by Michael Wolveridge in Los Angeles amongst the canyons. bridge was conceived by Thomas to ‘Redan’ hole, the par 3 thirteenth. such as those which brought about the being regarded by many observers as to finish under the Swinging Bridge. References: The Confidential Guide to Golf interesting. Alas! Laurie has long gone, though his shop and gallery remain in Old Course the greens have always been cut Tom Morris, the Grand Old cross the canyon between the tee 12th being known as the ‘Mae West’ the very best ever built by Thomas and by Tom Doak, 1996. the high street, open for business as usual. What a pity it is when such an at 4.5 to 4.75mm, even during tournaments Man of Golf Now surrounded by the palatial homes and green, and today the ‘Swinging The opening hole, a Thomas trademark hole, after the buxom film star, have Bell - efforts are underway, with the Despite its shortcomings, the Bel-Air The Captain - George C Thomas Jr. interesting and knowledgeable man occupying a position of privilege, departs including The Open Championship. Why so of the Bel-Air Estate, the planning of Bridge’ hole and its bridge remain short par 5, is one exception, as play is been tragically removed in the guidance of course superintendent Country Club remains a wonderful and his Golf Architecture without leaving a memoir. He did enjoy doing speaking tours of the United States, long? “Well if they were any shorter, the ba’ the second nine holes was to as Bel-Air’s landmark. aimed at the skyscrapers of Westwood, name of ‘fairness’. Brian Sullivan, to restore and reinstate golfing experience, with much intrigue by Geoff Shackelford, 1996 perhaps there are some tapes, apart from treasured memories like my own. would blow away when the wind gets up” momentarily falter as land previously which when experienced in the early some of the old magic of the once regarding its famous political and was the swift response. The greens are firm thought available below Sunset To solve the seemingly difficult task of morning takes on an ethereal effect. famous Bel-Air bunkers. Hollywood neighbours - past and and fast but there is grass enough to keep the Boulevard was removed from the linking the returning nines, Thomas sunk The next four holes play within what is present. And as Geoff Shackelford ball from blowing off. Melbourne’s continued equation. an elevator shaft from the Clubhouse the first of two canyons on the front nine, wrote in The Captain: pursuit of slick greens mowed as close as to a tunnel, which linked the canyons which are of course both connected by 2.5mm should take note from the Master Copy. containing the 9th and 18th greens. concrete lined and lighted tunnels.

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Open the pages of any slick new golf The change in attitude began rather And it went beyond inland golf. magazine and you will be mesmerized innocently. In 1898 Horace Hutchinson A thoughtful Horace Hutchinson after Excuisite ‘hairy’ bunkering on the par 4 third at Royal County by beautiful images. Not only are writing for Country Life produced a a visit to Ireland, “We have been seeing Down, Northern Ireland. The course has undergone a number of the pictures visually stunning, the series of articles on the best links of the course at Newcastle, County Down, changes in the time since Horace Hutchinson’s critique descriptions are equally enticing. Great Britain - St. Andrews, Prestwick, after an interval of something over “The roller coaster experience begins North Berwick, Sandwich, Hoylake, twenty years. When we saw it first, all with a brief swing through the foothills and Westward Ho! - culminating in the that while ago, with its great sand- and high desert before plunging seventh and final installment, 'Inland dunes, and the good turf in between, it full-speed toward the lake, the next Greens'. The article focused on the promised to be one of three holes embrace the turquoise best inland courses and their positive the best in the world. The present water....the 14th tumbles back toward attributes. In it Hutchinson impression of it is good, but not quite the lake and serves as a perfect acknowledged the shortcomings of so good as that. And perhaps the real prelude to the once in a life-time finish”. many inland courses, especially in truth is that the ground which comparison to ‘Nature’s handiwork’ - Nature has laid out on this magnificent Left: Hurzdan Fry’s We turn the pages, and lo and behold the seaside links. Despite their limited plan, as it were a succession of new Highlands we are introduced to another standout natural advantages, comparatively, Sandwich ‘Maidens’ or Prestwick course at hamilton golf course. And the courses in the Hutchinson said that the new designs ‘Himalayas’ is rather deceitful. For Farm in New previous issue were fabulous, and the need not be so stiff and geometric, one thing, it must evidently be hard Jersey. The uphill month before that, and every month “If one might be allowed to criticize to avoid ‘blind’ shots, in laying the 14th features last year, and for the last decade. those shown in our picture, one might course out, and these there are a spectacular lace- They are all incredible! We have been say that their imitation of Natureís great too many at Newcastle”. edged bunkering inundated with course profiles that curves is scarcely as successful as it read more like advertisements than might be”. He went on to say, “...the objective reviews, and this has been great majority of bunkers artificially the case for some time. The seasoned planned, for it seems, that only in a golfer takes these reports with a grain few instances have our links gardeners of salt, but pity to the unsuspecting. had a gift of the artistic eye, or even Right: no, you’re not seeing Certainly some of these courses are the unspoilt natural eye”. double! Hurzdan Fry built good, if not very good, but far too two distinct greens on the many are nothing more than pleasant A relatively mild critique, but it Mid-Surrey was later redesigned by Having paid a just tribute to the “The Third Hole ought to be one of the Soon after he was given free reign by fourth hole at Sand Barrens, layouts lacking any real interest. was the start of an open and frank the British duo of JH Taylor and Peter unrivaled putting greens and fairway, finest holes to be found anywhere, but the club and over the next ten years one left and one right Which begs the question, might these commentary on golf architecture. Lees in 1911. In an attempt to produce this old golfer proceeds to state that is entirely ruined by a gigantic mound completely redesigned the golf course. less than stimulating designs be the This new open climate was assisted interest on an ultra flat property, they the naturalness of the course has right in front of the green ... (the green product of the shallow reviews? There by two controversial issues that created artificial hillocks to simulate given away to artificiality, and that the should be moved to improve the Travis went on to found the magazine was a celebrated era when architects stimulated strong opinion - the the dunes by the sea. Bernard bunkers are no longer to be avoided approach) instead of the present blind The American Golfer. In the inaugural expected their work to be scrutinized. polarizing debate surrounding the new Darwin commented on Mid-Surrey's but must be carried...The course is and stupid shot over the bank ...The issue he set forth the magazine’s Haskell ball and the famous 'Best Hole controversial influence: “A great deal absolutely full of hazards which have to Sixth Hole is one of the best holes of platform: “In short, this magazine will Over a century ago, when the Discussion' sponsored by the British of credit is due to Taylor and Peter Lees be avoided, and it is a libel to say that its length to be found on any links ... be redolent of golf in its highest and Left: rectangular Horace Hutchinson was a fine popularity of the game was just magazine Golf Illustrated. In addition and the others who first exploited the sheer brute force and high pitching The Fourteenth Hole is a very bad best aspects throughout, and any tees and classical amateur player and one of the building, early golf writing was not there was an increase in the number theory of 'humps and hollows' at Mid- are the only requisites. The golfer who example of a one shot hole. The green antagonistic influences will be dealt bunkering hark back first writers on the subject of unlike what we find today - very of outlets covering the game, both Surrey ... we may see pious imitations would win at Westward Ho! must be is large and flat, and all the so-called with in these columns in a spirit of open, to an earlier era course design and maintenance positive reports without a critical word. magazines and newspapers. Under on many field courses, but by no armed in all points and must be straight green bunkers are so far away that they fearless and unprejudiced criticism - at the new Militia Amazing, considering most of the new the circumstances it is not surprising a means all of them successful. True, before all else. But the main point I look as though they felt ashamed of and may the best man win”. Hill course at the courses, especially the inland variety, mentality of critical analysis spread. An Irish newspaper (Irish Field) some of these other clubs cannot would emphasize here is that whatever intercepting a moderately good shot”. Philadelphia Cricket were dreadfully bad. These new commenting on a prototypical inland afford the labour, and the thorough the course may have been three years It was in The American Golfer that Club in Flourtown, courses were built with a formulaic An open forum course: “If Mid-Surrey demonstrates ‘alpinsation' of a whole course is a ago, it is now far more open for the The American debate Travis's work at Garden City became Pennsylvania precision, featuring the hideous cop Early on the critics acknowledged the anything, it was that the cross bunker, very big job; but many of these short player and has far more America was also engaged in the a target, in the form of an open letter bunker (a shallow sand trench backed formulaic courses of the late 1800’s short of the flat open green, calls for no attempts need not be half so futile as hazards for the player to avoid”. debate. Walter Travis produced a from a prominent member. The by a pyramidal rampart of a precise were awful, and everyone took turns brain work at all, and falls lamentably they are. We see little groups of grassy famous critique entitled 'Merits and member wrote, “I write this in the height) extending from the rough on piling on poor Tom Dunn - the busiest short of St Andrews class of golf ‘pimples’ looking like a dog’s cemetery Shifting from defender to critic, Demerits of the Garden City Links' most friendly spirit, and with a most the one side, to the rough on the other. builder of that class of golf course. In course in calling for accurate and plumped down on a flat of ground”. Fowler analyzed Deal on the eve of (1906): “Garden City is one of the best profound sense of difference to your One would negotiate a cop on the tee fact the name of Tom Dunn became skilful approaching”. the Open: “it may interest golfers courses in the country. With the superior knowledge of golf architecture. shot, another cop on the second shot, synonymous with bad design. A sample Herbert Fowler was involved in a major who have not played there to place possible exception of Myopia, it is not But is does seem to me, speaking from and so on. There were no side-hazards of the new attitude came courtesy of redesign of Westward Ho!, and not before them a short description of too much to say that it is indeed the the standpoint of the average duffer, with the exception of long grass and Garden Smith, the editor of Golf everyone was pleased. His response to the various holes and the general best. Good as it is, however, it is easily that we stand in danger of having the trees, the fairways were invariably Illustrated (UK) who said, “The modern a critic: “If the general criticism on the features of this fine course”. He then susceptible of improvement in many course ëimprovedí to such an extent rectangular and the putting-greens new course is about as interesting alterations have been most favourable, went on to describe the strengths and ways; and it is my present endeavor to that many of us will either lose pleasure were square and flat. They were the and picturesque as a racecourse, and a golfer under a nom de plume to weaknesses of each hole, including point out its shortcomings...” He then in playing, or be driven to inferior, but antithesis of the natural seaside links. one knows exactly, given the length The Times has made some wonderful a laundry list of suggested alterations: proceeded to identify the course's more enjoyable courses”. of a hole, where the hazards will be statements which need correction. numerous faults. found. This may be fairer golf, but is it as interesting?”

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Bel-Air Country Club A Thomas, Bell and Neville Classic The famous Swinging View of the 13th at Bel-Air, Bridge across the ravine at showing the spectacular Students from St. Andrews Approaching ‘The Loop’ I was amused to find that an Autumn haar had taken Here at St. Andrews, the home of golf, where legislation is a constant feature Bel-Air’s par 3 tenth, with Thomas/Bell bunker at the Hurdzan Fry are one of the best and busiest architectural practices in the Twenty-nine courses are examined in the book, ranging from Devil’s Pulpit One of this reviewer’s favourites from these pages would be the stunning University at play in cheape’s away the view of the River Eden ahead of the 11th hole. The mist had obliterated it of R & A life, how sad it is that they continue to ignore the growing plight of our the green in the background left of the green. The right United States today, due in no small part to the talents of Dr. Mike Hurdzan, in Ontario, Canada, which opened in 1990, to the new Militia Hill course par-3 course at Highland Farms in New Jersey, with its evocative Mackenzie- bunker on the 2nd hole of the for the moment, so I gave my attention to the bunkers in immediate eyeshot and great game. They seem to pay little heed to architects whose efforts to bunker for side bunker was a later a past contributor to GA magazine, and his partner Dana Fry. Earlier this year, at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Flourtown, Pennsylvania. This course, which esque lace edged bunkering. Tiger Woods and Michael Jordan are reputed to have Old Course, c. 1860. The bunker formed the impression that they had become deeper and as a result, more severe Tour players are nullified in most instances and long rough becomes the sole addition which nullified the Selected Golf Courses with the financial support of one of their clients, they published a delightful was opened for play in 2002, complements the Club’s existing AW Tillinghast spent nearly a week at Highland Farms in the summer of 2001, playing a round on faces are wild and eroded - than usual. I discussed this later that day with friends who had played the course remaining effective tool, along with occasional silly pin placements, to tame the Redan strategy of this hole by Hurdzan Fry - Photos and Essays book highlighting a select number of their completed courses, matching designed Flourtown course from 1922. the full size Highlands course and two on the 18-hole par-3 course each day, as no sign of the sod revetting frequently over the summer. They agreed that they had become more difficult. I put modern tigers. Speaking of whom, Tiger Woods, Arnold Palmer, Peter Thomson, Vol. 1 by Dr. Michael Hurdzan and the stunning photographs of John and Jeannine Henebry with essays on Tiger felt the par 3 course would be a great tune-up for his next tournament. of faces which was not to it down to the continuous practice of sod revetting every bunker face. A very Gary Player and Jack Nicklaus, to name a few of a distinguished group of past the background to the development of each course by Mike Hurdzan. The evolution of the Hurdzan Fry designs over this 12-year period is apparent Below: the eleventh hole had Right: Billy Bell (left) and Dana Fry, edited by Ron Whitten 2003, come until later expensive practice that The Links Trust pursue on the Old Course, resulting in Open Champions, vigorously call for a halt to this destructive technological path Aerial perspective sketches by illustrator Donald A Keller provide a good and the photography highlights this to good effect. The book is well laid A most interesting book that allows a snapshot of the development of the work of an optional fairway to the left George C Thomas Jr (centre) hardcover 384pp, US$75, review some ëimpossibleí bunkers from which to escape, or even climb out of! They are which sees an average drive of 300 yards by the Tour players. What does that basis for understanding the routing of each project. out and the photographs are given space to breath and provide maximum the Hurdzan Fry golf architecture practice over the last decade - well worth having. of this photograph, but this show Dr Alister Mackenzie book from Hurdzan Fry certainly marked ‘for championship use only’, or they ought to be. Perhaps do for the classical short par 4 hole when such a player, who is fast adopting visual impact to the reader. Short of visiting all these courses in person, has sadly been abondoned. over their course at Riviera because the Old Course at itís current championship length is just about stretched the attitude of ‘hit it as far as you can’, can be left with simply a short iron, The book was published primarily as a means of promoting the firm in a reading this book would be the next best thing. by Neil Crafter Thomas’ original green remains, during construction to the maximum, The Links Trust who maintain the courses, has decided to add chip or a bunker shot inevitably leaving a reasonable putt for birdie? toughening US market, however, it also caters to those readers interested but with modified bunkering teeth by making the bunkers so fearsome. If this is so, then in a peculiar fashion in understanding a little of the personalities and the difficulties that may these very difficult bunkers may have become a victim to the ridiculous distances Happily, the vast majority of golfers enjoy the club and ball improvements, be encountered in the development of a golf course. the modern ball flies, possibly reflecting a desire by the Trust to anaesthetize this it makes little difference to their scores and they benefit from the extra length. current distortion of the game where the ball travels out of earshot and ‘fore’ For them it is not seen as so important. It is well recorded that when the gutta Below: the tranquil setting Right: expanses of sandy becomes an unheeded warning, a four letter word lost on the wind. percha ball, the ‘gutty’, came along in 1848, respected St. Andrews champion of the par 3 8th hole at waste border the length of golfer and ball maker, Jericho National Golf Club the 8th hole at Calusa Pines Allan Robertson in New Hope, Pennsylvania in Naples, Florida. Pine declared in disgust, straw and native grasses ‘it’s nae gowff!’ Now, add to the effect more than 150 years Right: cartoon from on, we as present day c. 1905 titles ‘The Latest golf architects can Improvements at St. only throw our hands Andrews’. Seems that up in agreement and 100 years ago golfers despair as inevitably were also complaining the skills developed about the depth of not so many years ago the bunkers! by the top players, will become obsolete as the modern It was on one of these walks that I first learned of The Reverse Course, a I resumed my solitary walk, chatting Below: Churchman masters perfect their wonderfully Scottish arrangement, allowing the badly worn areas of the fairways occasionally to the greenkeepers, some cigarette cards of the chipping and putting to be rested as the ball was driven over them to fall upon virtually pristine turf, of whom I have come to know, learning Old Course from the and consign a one with the course played ‘backwards’. The Reverse Course was used in this that it can take up to 2 hours to cut ‘can you beat Bogey at time glorious game fashion for a hundred years or so and only recently, by St. Andrews chronology, each of the seven double greens in St. Andrews?’, a series to relative farce. After moving from the east coast of Having broken the news to his Needless to say these factors contribute The back nine begins, played from But undoubtedly the most regrettable The 17th was regarded by Bobby “Many innovations that Captain Thomas has the practice been completely abandoned. Judging from the terrible wear by summertime using a ‘walk behind’ of 55 cards from 1934 the USA in 1920, George C Thomas Jr. companions, it was Thomas who was to providing one of the most unique the patio of the Clubhouse, with the disfigurement to the course has been Jones as one the best holes he ever and Billy Bell implemented at Bel-Air divots following a summer of constant traffic, an order to play mower. One of these greens occupies that also contained a Of course all of these turned his considerable talents as a to observe a ridge some 150 feet routing experiences in world golf. pivotal 10th hole characterized by the the homogenization of the fabulous played, a strong par 4 dogleg to the were important because they served as the Reverse Course until next season would bring a welcome an acre! Happily there are uncountable description by Bernard lamentations are old golf course architect to opportunities in across a scrub-filled canyon. Struck stark whiteness of the Swinging Bridge. Thomas and Bell bunkering. Once right. Ben Hogan considered it one a trial run for their most enduring respite to the fine old turf and a splendid new experience for numbers of greenkeepers on the Old darwin on the back hat to the games’ California. Sometime in 1922 Thomas with an idea, Thomas encouraged However, much more can be said Shorter in length but also in par, the sinuous and spidery capes and bays of his favourites too, but the hole they design elements, which were used on players to boot! Course able to stay well ahead of the of each hole administrators on both met William Bell, and together they Neville to attempt a stroke across the about what makes this routing so back nine holes are the more have disappeared, either lost to past knew was not exactly the hole that the next two (and most popular) golfers carrying out their daily chore sides of the Atlantic, as limited by archaic legal structures, they seem laid bare, embarked in 1925 on one of the most gulch with the only club at hand, an distinguished and unforgettable. Upon difficult and memorable. maintenance practices or deliberately Thomas and Bell built in 1926, as projects”, namely Riviera Country Club Laurie would point all this out and chat about it. He preferred of mowing, mowing and mowing. powerless to act in the face of pugilistic manufacturers who seem to have significant routing triumphs in the aluminium headed putter, and upon playing Bel-Air the golfer can at times removed altogether - filled and flooding caused the loss of a small and the redesign of Los Angeles it and I better understood the role of a host of bunkers that I no heed of the extent of their vandalism in a headlong pursuit of more distance history of golf course architecture. succeeding, all three men repeated become unaware of their proximity With significant change over the smoothed over. Even the Redan green peninsula of fairway on the inside Country Club - North. never quite considered to be of much use, even on the wildest Very fast greens were made notorious and more profit - and we golfers buy it! Pray soon that it will all surely change They had consultative input from Jack the feat. Fortunately, Alphonso Bell to the hustle and bustle of Beverley Hills years, Bel-Air is a course that has at the 13th has been compromised by corner of the dogleg where only the of days. Played in reverse, most of the huge greens seem in Melbourne during the 50’s, 60’s and 70’s Above: cover of Old Tom’s and we shall awaken one morning to find our great golf courses restored Neville, the co-designer of Pebble owned all the land beyond the ridge. and Sunset Boulevard. There is no suffered much disfigurement at the the insertion of a bunker into the hillside very brave would attempt to drive their by Paul Mogford more receptive to the approach shot than the current version, by Claude Crockford with his slick but true price list from 1894. Wonder to us to be enjoyed as they were intended. Beach with Douglas Grant. Millionaire sense of parallel holes and at Bel-Air, hands of the well meaning. Creeks at the right of the green, which had fed ball. It is still a great hole and described with some lovely ‘broken ground’ to carry. Laurie spoke with Royal Melbourne greens. As time passed the what he would make of founder of Bel-Air, Alphonso Bell, had So it was that Thomas declared that Thomas and Bell introduced a number and washes which characterized balls back onto the putting surface. by Thomas’ biographer Geoff much affection of the broken ground and of ‘the whiskers’, a practice tended to be overdone by some of today’s clubs and balls? Help, Laurie, help! If you need me, I’ll be on the Reverse Course! made his money in oil and invested this would be the site for the tenth tee, of bold design elements, such as the holes such as on the 9th, have been With so few of the original bunkers Shackelford “as strong a par-4 as reedy, upright grass, which had a nasty habit of getting in the his ‘disciples’ and on occasions of high winds, wisely in real estate, and entrusted the with the Clubhouse to be located 11th hole with its alternate fairway, re-aligned and taken out of play, while remaining - the sprawling Redan one could wish to play.” The finishing way of the ball. I should love to have played the Reverse putting became impossible with unfortunate Left: cigarette card from trio to deliver him a unique golf course immediately adjacent. A suspension striking mounding and even a modified unique and voluptuous mounding bunker at the front left of the 13th hole winds its way back up the canyon course early one morning with Laurie presiding, now that would have been headlines resulting. At St. Andrews on the 1900 by Cope Bros. showing by Michael Wolveridge in Los Angeles amongst the canyons. bridge was conceived by Thomas to ‘Redan’ hole, the par 3 thirteenth. such as those which brought about the being regarded by many observers as to finish under the Swinging Bridge. References: The Confidential Guide to Golf interesting. Alas! Laurie has long gone, though his shop and gallery remain in Old Course the greens have always been cut Tom Morris, the Grand Old cross the canyon between the tee 12th being known as the ‘Mae West’ the very best ever built by Thomas and by Tom Doak, 1996. the high street, open for business as usual. What a pity it is when such an at 4.5 to 4.75mm, even during tournaments Man of Golf Now surrounded by the palatial homes and green, and today the ‘Swinging The opening hole, a Thomas trademark hole, after the buxom film star, have Bell - efforts are underway, with the Despite its shortcomings, the Bel-Air The Captain - George C Thomas Jr. interesting and knowledgeable man occupying a position of privilege, departs including The Open Championship. Why so of the Bel-Air Estate, the planning of Bridge’ hole and its bridge remain short par 5, is one exception, as play is been tragically removed in the guidance of course superintendent Country Club remains a wonderful and his Golf Architecture without leaving a memoir. He did enjoy doing speaking tours of the United States, long? “Well if they were any shorter, the ba’ the second nine holes was to as Bel-Air’s landmark. aimed at the skyscrapers of Westwood, name of ‘fairness’. Brian Sullivan, to restore and reinstate golfing experience, with much intrigue by Geoff Shackelford, 1996 perhaps there are some tapes, apart from treasured memories like my own. would blow away when the wind gets up” momentarily falter as land previously which when experienced in the early some of the old magic of the once regarding its famous political and was the swift response. The greens are firm thought available below Sunset To solve the seemingly difficult task of morning takes on an ethereal effect. famous Bel-Air bunkers. Hollywood neighbours - past and and fast but there is grass enough to keep the Boulevard was removed from the linking the returning nines, Thomas sunk The next four holes play within what is present. And as Geoff Shackelford ball from blowing off. Melbourne’s continued equation. an elevator shaft from the Clubhouse the first of two canyons on the front nine, wrote in The Captain: pursuit of slick greens mowed as close as to a tunnel, which linked the canyons which are of course both connected by 2.5mm should take note from the Master Copy. containing the 9th and 18th greens. concrete lined and lighted tunnels.

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