Guidelines For Arena Dasherboard & Shielding Systems May 2009

Notice This document is a preliminary draft. It has not been formally released by the ORFA and should not at this stage be construed to represent Association recommended best practice. It is being circulated for comment on its technical accuracy and policy implications.

ORFA Guidelines for Arena Dasherboard and Shielding Systems v.09

Content

Part-I – UNDERSTANDING ICE ARENA BOARDS & SHIELDING SYSTEMS

1.1 - Introduction

1.2 - Dasherboard History

1.3 - Current Trends

1.4 - CSA Guidelines for Spectator Safety in Indoor Arenas (CAN/CSA-Z262.7-04)

1.5 - CSA Definitions

1.6 - ORFA Definitions

1.7 - Protective Shielding Systems

1.8 - Dasherboard Anchoring Systems

1.9 - Dasherboard Cladding Systems

1.10 - Player, Penalty and Timekeeper Boxes

1.11 - Gates and Hardware Selection

1.12 - Minimum Protection Requirements

1.13 - CSA Protective Netting Testing Guidelines

1.14 - Suggested Guidelines for Selecting Protective Netting

1.15 - Signage and Warning

1.16 - Dasherboard Advertising

1.17 - Etching of Dasherboard Shielding

1.18 - Conversions

1.19 - Ice Floor Covers

1.20 - Conclusion

Part-II SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING and MAINTAINING ARENA BOARDS & SHIELDING SYSTEMS

Part-III SLEDGE HOCKEY ACCESSIBILITY: DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ARENAS

1 ORFA - SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR ARENA DASHERBOARDS AND SHEILDING V.09

checklist of items that need to be PART I – UNDERSTANDING ICE considered as part of an ongoing systems ARENA BOARDS & SHIELDING review process. SYSTEMS

The Ontario Recreation Facilities Association (ORFA) has attempted to collect information on the almost 60-year history and evolution of ice arena dasherboard and shielding systems. The ORFA is not an authority on these systems. It has however called upon a variety of manufacturers and professional dasherboard system installers to ensure the accuracy and correctness of these materials. The intent of this document is to provide facility owners and those responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of ice arenas with a strong background of proven dasherboard 1.1 Introduction systems, installation and design best Protecting patrons and workers while practices. providing a consistent playing environment in Ontario sport arenas continues to be a Changing technologies, advancing building priority for those who design, construct and techniques and increased governance operate these facilities. Since the original through local, provincial and federal release of this information in 2001 and legislation changes makes it impossible to subsequent release of the CSA “Guidelines guarantee the accuracy of this information. for spectator safety in indoor arenas It is the sole responsibility of the owner to (CAN/CSA-Z262.7-04)” in 2004 many arena diligently research the precise needs, owners have taken action to reduce the proper design and most applicable materials opportunity of harm and liability by for the specific building that the upgrading their aged facilities. When dasherboard system is to be installed in. installing new dasherboards the owner must carefully consider the best dasherboard There continues to be a variety of suppliers installation practices and methods as part of of dasherboard systems. The available the design process. These efforts have options, hardware and professional significantly reduced injury and litigation installation requires an owner to be diligent claims from items that have accidentally left in researching what system best meets their the playing surface. immediate and long term needs. This document will review different systems but The Ontario Recreation Facilities should not be considered a complete technical text for tendering or design Association (ORFA) in harmony with the purposes. Measurements are given as members of the Canadian Recreation reference only and should be verified prior to Facilities Council (CRFC) continues to using the stated information. promote the need to continually evaluate and maintain current dasherboard This document is designed in two parts. installations while providing “industry best Part I gives the reader full information on practices” for operations that are the subject while Part –II includes system considering upgrades or new construction of risk assessment documents and sample dasherboard and spectator protection 2 ORFA - SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR ARENA DASHERBOARDS AND SHEILDING V.09

systems. Further “industry standards” for dialect added from the area where the first the regular inspection and repair of these boards were constructed. systems are also recommended in this document. • First mechanical ice rink – London England 1876 The following “guidelines” should not be used in isolation. Users of this document • First North American ice rink – must ensure that any changes to the Madison Square Garden, New York industry or emerging issues are researched 1879 and considered as part of the review process. Some key points of the CSA • Madison Square Garden receives document are outlined and referenced in patent in 1893 for first multi-purpose these guidelines. Readers are encouraged floor to access the most recent CSA Standard to ensure the information they are using is • First successful poured concrete current. The CSA can be contacted at 5060 floor – Ice Casino in Rye, New York Spectrum Way, Suite 100 Mississauga, – 1929 – no expansion joints Ontario Canada L4W 5N6 1-800-463-6727, 416-747-4044 or www.csa.ca • First indoor rink to use plastic pipe instead of steel pipe– Hamilton Arena 1953

Dasherboards play a key role in the protection of participants, spectators and workers during sporting events, which have an object in play. Concern for spectator safety continues to be an issue, and litigation-surrounding lack of protection mounts, the dasherboard system will continue to be analyzed and evolve. Although boards and shielding are a primary part of a protection system, they must be enhanced with protective netting when human occupancy is potentially exposed to 1.2 Dasherboard History items that can leave the playing area. Dasherboards are a key component of Originally designed for the sport of ice every ice arena with little appreciation of hockey, they now are used in other sport their purpose and design. The word setups such as lacrosse, broomball, indoor dasherboard has always been questioned football and tennis. as to its origin and what it means. History suggests that it is derived from the word There has been roughly a twenty-year cycle dashboard, which is defined as a screen on in the major construction of rinks. These the front of a horse-drawn vehicle to cycles have consistently brought new intercept water, mud, or snow. This word technology and designs improving the arena was created in 1846, which would make it a environment and especially dasher current term used when the first rudimentary construction. boards were erected around outdoor rinks. Like anything else, standard materials 1950’s would have been used for a new application • Dasherboards were constructed like a rink. The “er” is probably the local much like the wooden fences used

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outdoors with the main purpose • A 50mm – 150mm (2in. x 6in) being to contain the puck wooden board was secured on top and 19mm (¾in.) plywood was • Materials used were the off-the-shelf placed on front, covered with 6mm wood materials with basic hardware (¼in) polyethylene that was adapted to the boards • Systems were built on the perimeter • Systems were considered high pad. maintenance requiring annual painting and repairs • Variations of this basic design were introduced with a wide variety of • Chain link fencing was introduced to hardware, supports and anchoring keep the puck from going out of play systems being experimented with

1960’s • Tempered glass was introduced as a • Plastic industry provides arenas with more durable shield, and the design acrylic (Plexiglas) panels to replace of shield supports continued the chain link fences • In the U.S., the Fiberglas system • Custom aluminum extrusions were was introduced and formed a experimented with to hold the acrylic template for many rinks large and panels in place small across the country.

• Shield height of 60cm (2ft)on the • Manufacturing became a more sides and 120cm- 150cm (4 to 5ft) acceptable means of building on the ends was standard dashers in the U.S., than in Canada

• 6mm (¼in.) polyethylene began to • First pre-manufactured was installed be used to cover the plywood, at the Winnipeg Arena improving the boards and reducing maintenance 1980’s • There were various manufacturers 1970’s building systems that were still • Government funding assisted the primarily built in place (B.I.P.) in development of leagues and Canada, and a pre-manufactured construction of rinks across Canada variation of the BIP system or Fiberglas in the U.S • Companies with experience in supplying rinks worked closely with • As a way to reduce weight, the first communities to build what was aluminum system was released in considered a “complete system” Western Canada

• This system was referred to as the • Advertising was introduced onto the “Vallance” system named after its face of the dashers in the NHL designer Doug Vallance • The first seamless glass dasher • Vallance systems are comprised of a system was designed by an post on 120cm (4ft) centers with engineering firm and built at Sask three stringers (originally wood) Place in Saskatchewan

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• This was a revolutionary heavy by arena owners prior to installation. New framed prefabricated steel design shielding systems, coated acrylic, new types of materials used for dasher facing, cap rail • The glass was held in place by two protection and other dasherboard large steel angles, which sat on top components that improve the design of the of each other. dasher system continually being re- engineered to improve the play of the game • The glass was at the front of the and the safety of the players in both dasher board system. community and spectator arenas.

1990’s • Produced a boom in major sized 1.4 CSA Guidelines for Spectator Safety arenas in Indoor Arenas (CAN/CSA-Z262.7-04) • Arena development had shield heights that were more specific to The ORFA respects the commitment of the the size of the building Canadian Standards Association (CSA) in their efforts to provide specific direction on • Large arenas were installing 180cm matters of public safety. The creation of the (6ft) high on the sides and 240cm CSA Guidelines for Spectator Safety in (8ft) high on the ends – community Indoor Arenas (CAN/CSA-Z262.7-04) is a rinks 120cm-180cm (4ft and 6ft) further testament of this commitment. It is respectively important to note that there is no legal

obligation for the CSA Guidelines to be met. Between the 1970’s and the 1990’s many However, owners considering dasherboard advances continued to take place. 12.5mm and shielding retrofits or new installations (½in.) Polyethylene became a replacement would be wise to carefully consider the CSA for wood altogether due to its low Guidelines. It is important to recognize that maintenance and ease to work with (also these Guidelines are a minimum because plastic companies were driving rink requirement and the owner should consider development). Steel replaced wood on the if in fact these Guidelines can be exceeded dasher system frames to extend the life of as part of the design and installation of a the system. dasherboard and shielding system. The

ORFA offers excerpts from the CSA 1.3 Current Trends Guideline as a basic understanding to the

intent of the CSA document. The complete The conversion requirements in both large CSA document should be purchased and and small arenas will advance again due to carefully reviewed as part of any design or technological changes in other areas of the purchasing of a dasherboard system. arena and the increased number of secondary market arenas making use of the Overview of the CSA Guidelines for ice for multiple activities. Introduction of Spectator Safety in Indoor Arenas LED video signage, rotational signage and (CAN/CSA-Z262.7-04) other forms of advertising will improve the revenue streams that are generated from Scope - The CSA guidelines were created the dashers. This may impact the play of the to provide direction to those who own, boards. operate or conduct business involving dasherboard, shielding and protection The seamless glass systems provided systems. They are not intended to excellent sightlines for spectators but have supersede any federal, provincial or been linked to increased player injury – municipal legislation, by-law, regulation or these systems require careful consideration code. They further offer no assistance or

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actual guidance toward participant safety associated with dasherboard systems. The while on the arena surface. readers should be able to comprehend standard language associated with 1.5 CSA Definitions dasherboard construction and installations. The reader should be able to identify what The Standard clearly defines roles and system is currently in place in their facility or obligations through the following definitions: what is available in today’s marketplace when choosing a new dasherboard system. Activity- a sport or recreational event, game or activity Owner: as defined in the Occupational Health and Safety Act “includes a trustee, Indoor Arena- an indoor facility where sport receiver, mortgagee in possession, tenant, of recreational activities take place lessee, or occupant of any lands or premise used or to be used as a workplace and a Non-Participant- a person present in an person who acts for or on behalf of an indoor arena but who is not involved in (see owner as an agent or delegate” Participant) or watching (see Spectator) an activity e.g. arena employee, manager or Basic Types of Dasherboard Systems: participant either prior to or after taking part in an activity • Built in place dashers (B.I.P.) Permanent Operator- an individual, individuals, an • Prefabricated dashers - make up the organization, or an entity tasked with majority of systems sold in the operating one or more arenas on behalf of industry, whether in a retrofitted the owner building or a new building. Owner- an organization or entity with legal title to the indoor arena Prefabricated dashers come in a variety of design materials and are outlined below. Participant- a person taking part in an activity for which the indoor arena was Arena: a facility with a flat floor; designed and built e.g. a player or official 5,000-20,000 tiered seats; oval shaped

Protective (safety netting) System- a Auditorium: a facility with a flat floor; oval system of netting of sufficient strength and shaped with horseshoe shaped seating durability to ensure adequate protection of focusing the line of site on the floor; usually spectators from objects (balls, pucks, sticks, much smaller than arenas or water bottle), which can leave the playing area Theatre: usually 300-3,500 fixed seats; permanent stage; with seating arranged on Spectator- a person who watches an a sloped floor in front of and to the sides of activity for which the indoor arena was the stage; a loft above the stage allows for designed and built quick scenery changes; may include acoustic shells or orchestra pits Test object- an object (simulation) used in the activity Amphitheatre: essentially an outdoor theatre with attendees in fixed seats. They 1.6 ORFA Definitions need to see, but they don't really need to hear The ORFA offers the following descriptions of common terms and technical verbiage

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Stadium: professional and college football Acrylic must be cleaned with a mild soap stadiums are characterized by rectangular and water as dissolvent or chemicals will or oval configurations that seat 60,000 - weaken the plastic and can breakdown the 100,000; rectangular fields are 120-yards in shields over time. Acrylic is also easily length including end zones replaced when broken. Due to acrylic’s ability to flex, there must be a small channel No clear definition for an “ice arena” has on the top sill or a groove in the top sill to been found prevent the bottom from bending inward too much. If using 150cm-180cm (5 or 6ft) wide acrylic shielding to reduce the number of 1.7 Protective Shielding Systems shield supports it is necessary to include clips on the top corners of the shields as A product that is placed on top of a well as the supports. dasherboard for viewing purposes that offer limited protection and safety for patrons and Tempered glass is heavy and is not easily should not be considered the sole protection handled, however, it is extremely easy to system for all who use the facility. maintain and will not scratch. Tempered shields can be cleaned with any glass There are three main types of protective cleaner or dissolvent. Abrasive chemicals or shielding used in arenas. cleaners should never be used. When using They are: tempered glass it is recommended that • Chain link fence (outdoor only) 12.5mm (1/2in.) is used on sides and 15mm • Acrylic (5/8in.) is used on the ends radius to radius. • Tempered Glass This has been the practice since the inception of tempered glass back in the Chain link fence is primarily used in early 1970's due to the requirement for outdoor construction. It is very durable and increased impact strength and the direct can withstand much abuse. Owners of a shots against the end glass.12.5mm (1/2in.) chain link fence system, much like their acrylic has a higher impact strength then glass counterparts, must set into action a 15mm (5/8in.) tempered and can be used comprehensive inspection process to on the ends. Broken tempered glass will ensure that no parts of the fence have leave millions of small pieces. Personal loosened posing a safety risk to players or Protective equipment such as safety spectators. It is recommended that coated glasses, CSA approved footwear, hardhat, chain link fencing be used. gloves and long sleeved shirts shall be worn when working with any type of shielding. A Acrylic shields are light and easily handled detailed written work procedure should be in for facilities with quick changeover place at each site detailing how to handle, schedules. When using acrylic shielding it is remove and install shielding. recommended that 12.5mm (1/2in.) thickness is used to surround the entire arena. Some major league arenas are Other types of shielding, which have been starting to use 15mm (5/8in.) acrylic at the introduced include laminated safety glass ends due to the increased impact of the and polycarbonate. However, both have puck. New coated acrylics are being used been found to have limitations and presently which reduces the tendency to scratch. are cost-prohibitive.

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Weights of Glass: supports require a gasket to protect the shielding from breakage along the edges. Tempered Glass Some systems benefit from having a 7lbs per square foot @ 1/2-inch thick gasket/shock absorber installed between (34.22kg per square metre @ 12mm the shield and the dasherboard. thick) • Two-piece aluminium support is 8.5lbs per square foot @ 5/8-inch thick standard in community rinks. It is (41.57kg. per square metre @ 15 mm approximately 50mm (2in.) wide and thick) includes a flat or slightly bevelled ice-side face plate to reduce puck Acrylic Glass bounces that is mechanically 3lbs per square foot @ 1/2-inch thick fastened to the body of the support (14.67kg per square metre @125mm and can be removed to replace the thick) shield from the ice side. 4lbs per square foot @ 5/8-inch thick • Quick release support is a two-piece (19.56kg per square metre @15mm aluminium support with no thick) mechanical fasteners. Designed to allow for quick changeovers. It is accepted for high conversation facilities. The faceplate is flat to Shielding Supports – are the pieces that reduce puck bounces and is also project upward from the dasherboards that removed from the ice side. holds the shielding in place. The types of • One-piece solid aluminium shield shield support range from one manufacturer support is a typical H design that is to another, but can be broken down into the used in lightweight inline following categories: applications. Similar one-piece supports are used for gate • Standard aluminium 2-piece tube terminations or any point where the support shielding ends. This one piece • 2-piece aluminium quick release design can create glass removal support issues. • Aluminium 2 piece support with pressure plate and neoprene • Clear polycarbonate support is gaskets. designed as a one-piece support to use as an alternative to the • One piece aluminium support seamless system. It provides a • Clear polycarbonate supports relatively clear view and plenty of • Channel in dasherboard and flex. This design is known to create polycarbonate clips some glass removal issues. Shielding supports are usually installed on the ice side and are most often designed to be no less than 2.133 m (7ft) from the top of Seamless Glass System - have been very the ice. Most common installations have a popular over the last few years. These 37.5 mm (1.5in.) thickness at the top of the systems use no shielding supports! support. The support is generally mounted on the middle stringer in a cup or bracket. • Tempered glass must be Such supports allow for easy shield repair used because of its ability to and/or removal. All aluminums shield remain rigid without a vertical support.

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• The support mechanism for Cast in place - anchors are used when the the shields is a combination dashers are to go on the refrigerated floor. of a top clip, a bottom clip These anchors are generally made up of a and the shield groove. 15mm (5/8in.) thread-coupling bolt attached to a threaded rod and welded onto a bottom • The top clip is generally plate. The design allows the anchor to be manufactured from Lexan laid out on the insulation and between the and prevents the shields pipes prior to the concrete being poured. from separating. The anchor layout must be drawn in advances and should be coordinated with • The shields are also the refrigeration and seating contractors to supported at the bottom in a ensure the anchors are in the right place. groove that is at least The threaded rod allows the adjustment of 100mm (4in.) deep. the anchors prior to the pour to ensure everything is level. Levelling of the anchors • This channel is the key to is best done with a laser device. providing movement in the Wedge Anchors - When placing the shields. dashers on the perimeter pad a drill in concrete anchors are used either with epoxy • Bottom clips are also or without. The anchor should be a required to space the glass minimum 76mm (3in.) long with a minimum properly ensuring the 15mm (5/8in.) thread. Epoxy provides a tempered glass does not stronger set in the concrete and is come in contact with each recommended. The anchor layout can be other, which could instantly done at the time of the dasher installation, shatter the glass. but should still be laid out in advance by the manufacturer. 1.8 Dasherboard Anchoring Systems

Dasherboard Curb Detail The dasherboard system must be securely Dasherboard systems are constructed on or anchored in place. It is important to note surrounding a refrigerated slab. Systems that the system should have some flexibility can be anchored directly to the slab; or and as such should not be mounted directly anchored to a synthetic ice dam that is to an exterior wall or seating area. Facility placed on the concrete slab as a barrier that management must train ice resurfacer helps expedites changeovers or; it can sit drivers to not come in contact with the on a 50mm – 150mm (2in.-6in.) permanent dasherboards while resurfacing – concrete curb or an apron slab which dasherboard systems are prone to fail from surrounds the refrigerated floor system. constant pressure from the weight of this Which design detail is best to be used is equipment. determined by the proposed uses of the

facility. In community rinks, used for mostly Permanent - anchors are welded or fixed in ice events and the occasional non-ice place under the center posts of a Built-in- event, the boards are typically permanently place dasher system. These anchors are installed onto an apron curb or on the flat installed prior to the posts being set in place refrigerated slab. In multi-use facilities, and are located on the perimeter slab. where a variety of events are held and the Generally, a curb accompanies this type of dasherboards are removed on a regular construction and the posts are able to fit basis, dasherboards are typically installed close to the edge. onto a flat floor.

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In multi-use buildings that require the (7in.) wide. The ice dam is bolted to the removal of the dasher boards to allow for a perimeter of the ice rink and the dasher larger unobstructed floor space the boards are installed on top of the ice dam. It anchoring detail must allow for a flat floor is recommended that the ice dam be when the boards are removed. In this independently anchored and not reliant on situation the apron slab and the refrigerated the dasher anchors to hold it in place, Ice slab are finished to the same elevation. dams are most commonly manufactured out When the boards are removed, the floor of stress relieved High Density Polyethylene provides a risk reduced surface free of (HDPE) or galvanized, powder-coated or obstacles and trip hazards. In this situation zinc-plated steel channel. Another important the dasherboards could be installed on role of the ice dam is to retain the ice floor either the refrigerated slab or the apron cover. A 50mm (2in.) ice dam will not only slab. hold the ice in place when the boards are removed it will also act as containment for In community arenas where the removal of an ice floor cover. A properly designed ice the dasher system is not required, the dam or sections of ice dam will help to dasherboards are typically installed onto a speed up the conversion process and curb on the apron slab. This curb is usually maintain the integrity of the ice. 50mm-150mm (2 – 6in.) higher than the refrigerated slab. The higher the curb, the In some regions an ice dam is being placed bigger the step down onto the rink slab. even if the dasherboard is being designed Most new arenas are designed today with a not to be regularly removed. 50mm (2in.) high curb. This curb allows the dasher system to be installed above the ice 1.9 Dasherboard Cladding Systems surface helping to prevent water leakage under the boards and containing the ice Options for the surface of a dasher frame inside a concrete “pool” on the refrigerated include: slab. This design helps to reduce the wear • Plywood with 6mm (1/4in.) and tear on the dasher frame components polyethylene and helps keep the ice from creeping under • 12.5mm (1/2in.) Polyethylene the boards and onto the surrounding slab. • 12.5mm (1/2in.) Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW) Occasionally, a curb detail is designed into • Fibreglass/Urethane – normally used the refrigerated slab and the dashers are for outdoor sports installed onto a curb that is a continuous part of the refrigerated floor. This design Fibreglass or fibreglass/ urethane materials allows the dashers to be installed onto the are lighter weight and can be designed to refrigerated slab while also raising the provide better puck play. These materials boards above the ice surface. However, do not react to temperature. Fibreglass this design is not common. cladding is a preferred outdoor material.

Ice Dams are an integral part of the multi- Dasherboard Sills, Sill Bands and Kick purpose facility dasher system. Whether Plates they are partial ice dams at lift-out sections To provide a quality installation several or a complete rink perimeter ice dams both items are applied to the board construction play an important role in the conversion once complete. The top of the dasherboard process. Ice dams provide a solid edge to system will have a sill plate (usually 50mm contain the ice when the dasher boards or (2in.) x 150mm (6in)) applied so that the lift-out sections are removed for an event. shielding has a quality surface on which to Ice dams are typically 25mm (1in.) or 50mm rest. A high-density 12.5mm (1/2in.),19mm (2in.) thick and 150 mm (6in.) to 175mm

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(3/4in.) or 25mm (1in.) polyethylene material requirements to be met to sanction larger can be applied. The edge of the top sill must events. be radiused to reduce the impact on a body part or the potential for injury. The thicker A standard length of a player box is 11.8m 25mm (1in.) top sill will not expand or (30ft). This allows a full complement of contract and tends not to wear out at the adult hockey players in full gear to sit. Depth support holes as quickly as 12.5mm (1/2in.) is no less than 1525mm (5ft) with a sill. Again, a wood/ polyethylene preferred depth of 2440mm (8ft). Floors of combination can be used as a cost saving the boxes are always covered with resilient measure. The sill band, which lies directly rubber flooring. The floors can be raised below the sill plate facing the ice surface, is 150mm (6in) to 200mm (8in.). usually 50mm (2in) wide and placed to cover the joint between the top sill and the Raised floors allow for easy removal for dasher facing to help reduce injury caused changeovers and provide easy access to by gaps through the contraction and the ice from the boards. Benches are expansion of the plastic. With today’s typically 228mm (9in.) wide and a height of installation this 50mm (2in.) sill is not at least 609mm (24in.) above the flooring. recommended. The benches are mounted to the concrete floor or inserted into bench bracket supplied The kick plate is installed at the bottom of by the manufacturer. It is strongly the cladding and provides a safe operating recommended to include floor drains in the distance for the ice resurfacer to run along concrete floor of the players and penalty while not interfering with the actual board box bench areas. Player boxes must have cladding. Kick plates are 200mm (8in.) high 1 door on each end for players to get on with a thickness ranging from 6mm (1/4in.) and off of the ice. Penalty boxes are to 12.5mm (1/2in.); however 12mm (1/2in.) typically 2440mm (8ft) long placed on either is the industry norm. In sand floors the kick side of the 1828mm (6ft) long timekeeper’s plate is often extended down an additional box. There is a table in the scorekeeper’s 50mm (2in.) to 75mm (3in.) to provide or area and there should be access to penalty hold in a moisture barrier. Although there boxes for closing the gates after the players are no legal requirements for kick plate leave. It is recommended that the colours Hockey Canada rules recommend timekeeper’s box be totally enclosed with the kick plate be yellow or gold. Facilities protective glass. that offer ringette should avoid the colour blue as it is the same colour as the ring All players’ boxes and penalty boxes shall used in this sport. have protective glass of the same height as the adjoining board glass along the ends 1.10 Players, Penalty and Timekeeper and back of the box to protect spectators in Boxes walkways, alleys and seating area. In front of the home and visitors penalty boxes the Sometimes forgotten during the early glass shall be continuous and be the same planning stages, these areas are an integral height as the adjoining protective glass. For part of the playing area and dasherboard consistency and fairness of play, glass system. Most common layouts finds players installation and height should reflect the boxes on one side of the surface while the installation at the opposite end. penalty boxes being separated by the timekeepers box on the other side. The box areas need to be reviewed and laid Constructors are encouraged to seek out all out properly for functionality and access current sporting rules as some leagues and points prior to construction. It is governing bodies have specific recommended that access to the timekeeper’s box should be available

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without the need to step on the ice. The new gates reinforcement of the dasher penalty box’s must be closed off from ice section surrounding the gates must be side access accept via the scorekeeper box considered for the same reasons as for protection of players and officials. previously indicated. Design of this area is dependant on the layout of the arena and is typically on the spectator side. Caution should be taken in Types of Gates Gate Sizes Hinge Type the planning stage to ensure adequate Double swing 120”(3048mm) HD adjustable space is provided. machine gate in width Overhead lift 120”(3048mm) machine gate in width and height 1.11 Gates and Hardware Selection Player/Penalty 30 “ (762 mm) Piano Hinge/ box gate in width Pin Hinge The following is a chart detailing the General access 36”(914mm) Pin Hinge or standard types and sizes of gates found in gate with 4” in width Standard hinge (100mm) to most arenas. Sizes may vary with each 8”(200mm) facility depending on the age of the system threshold and access to the rink. In new construction, General access 48”(1220mm) As above the gate location should be reviewed with gate c/w 4” in width your local fire marshal to ensure it complies (100mm) or less threshold with fire escape regulations. Double swing 72”(1828mm) Pin hinge or access gate in width adjustable hinge • All gates should swing outwards Lift-out /Concert 48”(1220mm) in Polyethylene slide from the ice surface gate width track

• All gates which contain shielding must have an ice side door release Vertical Lift or Machine Gates - are mechanism that allows players to considered an efficient alternative for the easily exit the ice area by opening machine gate because they operate quickly the gate with their hockey gloves on. under push-button control and can be operated by one person. Most gates are • Gates must be properly aligned and self-levelling with adjustable hardware for balanced to function properly and ease of operation and maintenance. should be checked regularly as part Machine gates require a steel threshold. of your maintenance program. Thresholds on access gates need to be covered with 50mm (1in.) poly and will vary • An item often missed on access in height Vertical lift gates are available in gates is a gate stop located at the an electric, hydraulic lift or the original chain lower part of the gate to prevent it hoist. They must be designed and installed from being pushed out too far and with safety features in case of cable, chain stressing the gate latch. It is or hydraulic failure. Inspections must be important to keep the gate stop completed at minimum, annually by a tightened in order to maintain proper qualified licensed contractor. movement of the gate.

On a new installation once your gate Hardware Designs – can be specific to a locations are selected, extra anchoring particular manufacturer or generic in design. points will help to ensure that the dashers It is important when contemplating your and the gates stay in alignment and provide dasher system that the hardware is the added stability needed in corner reviewed to ensure it meets your facility locations or wide gate openings. When user needs and are of sound design. retrofitting an existing set of dashers with

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There are some common elements for all removable. Size of goal judge box is systems: typically 1220mm (48in.) x 1220mm (48in.) • Galvanized steel with a side gate for easy access. The goal • Stainless steel judge box must be designed to fit the • Zinc plated facility. • Nylon bearings built into a hinge is an advantage. Storage- if your dasher board system is • Latches should be easy to operate removable, be sure to include dasher and with a hockey glove or by a small shield carts as part of the original purchase. child. The dasher carts are a simple flat bed with removable posts that are stackable. Types of Hinges Include: Generally, 9 carts are required to store an entire dasher system. Glass storage carts • Piano hinge are available in a few designs. A frame carts • Pin hinges, minimum of 2 per gate, are the most common and come in a large available with self-lubricating and small size for end and side shields features and easy lift off respectively. Proper straps should be used • Heavy-duty adjustable hinge, used to secure the glass in place when on the for large gates that can be adjusted carts. Whether empty or full these carts are vertically and horizontally to bulky and require adequate storage. A properly, align the gate. (Machine or forklift, complete with glass lifting equipment gates should have a attachment, is a proven time and money minimum of 3 hinges per door). saver to such systems.

Latches- most latches are gravity latches Backer Panels – Backer panels are an that are simply pushed down or lifted up. option. Backer panels are used to close in This reduces the amount of moving parts the back of the dashers. They can be either and ensures the latch will be down to fit into permanent or removable and can be made the strike plate attached to the dasher out of anything from plywood to frame. polyethylene. Some operators prefer backer panels because they prevent debris and garbage from accumulating along the back side of the dashers. Some facility operators like them because they cover up damage and deterioration of some installations. The installation of backer panels is primarily aesthetic however they can help reduce moisture migration to the surface. Some systems also have insulation installed to reduce sound. Mould can be an issue making ongoing inspection essential.

Insulation - Where heat is being transmitted from an outside area it will sometimes cause a softening of the ice in the affected area. Insulation can be added

inside the boards to reduce the heat being Goal Judge Boxes - are required at a transferred to the ice surface. Insulation certain level of play. This box should be must be moisture and mould resistant. constructed of similar materials as the dasher and can be permanent or

13 ORFA - SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING DASHERBOARDS AND SHIELDING

Rink Dividers - Small thin dasher walls that with the owner; there are specific separate the ice into 2 or 3 areas for shared legal obligations outside of the practices, youth hockey and 3 on 3 Hockey. document that must be met; owners Dividers are made out of a variety of are reminded that the arena serves materials and are quickly becoming a as two separate environments – revenue generator in many rinks. work and play.

Electrical Needs – must be considered as • Ontario workers are supported part of the overall design. As the through the OHSA Sections 25 (1) dasherboard systems is prone to coming in an employer shall ensure that (a) the contact with water GFCI electrical is equipment, materials and protective required. Facility mangers must consider devices as prescribed are the outlet needs for special events that might occur in the facility. Trade shows • provided (b) the equipment, require significant power and as such the materials and protective devices electrical needs should be designed to provided by the employer are accept maximum loads safely. Workers who maintained in good condition 25 (2) are using electrical equipment in the bowl (a) that the employer shall provide area need to be protected from electrical information instruction and shock. A system to ensure GFCI equipment supervision to a worker to protect is properly working needs to be part of the the health and safety of the worker ongoing inspection process. • A facility should be adequately 1.12 Minimum Protection Requirements designed so that limited interaction between players, spectators and The CSA Standard adopted the original non-participants exists ORFA Guidelines in their document: information remains up to date in this • That the responsibility of owners to revised information. evaluate the existing design of the facility to ensure objects cannot • That the overall safety for human easily leave the playing area is occupancy in an indoor arena rests emphasised • That a non-play areas such as Recommended “minimum heights” of concession stands and open public protection zones require a heightened responsibility for review • When measured from the playing surface side, the • Owners, through their evaluation minimum height of the board and findings must consider a balance of glass system should be 2.4m at permanent or additional, temporary the sides of the playing area, dasherboard, protective shielding and; and netting to surround each playing area specific to the type of event that • 3.2m at the ends of each playing is to take place.(ORFA note: It area should not be expected that one “protection system” can adequately • If the height(s) on the spectator protect every activity- to be and non-participant side of the successful an ongoing evaluation of boards and glass system is (are) activities must take place) less than 2.4m or 3.2m,

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additional protection should be considered

There is no expectation to place additional protection in any area that has no opportunity for an object to leave the playing surface and have contact with a human occupant i.e. a facility that has a dasherboard system directly against an outside wall. However, the need to protect areas where non-participants or spectators may exist is reconfirmed as an important element to the overall safety of those who visit or work in these areas.

The following table contains measurements in both imperial and metric conversions. Information is current at time of printing (04/2002).

Facility Type Size of Ice Surface l Radius of Height of Dasher Height of Shield x w Corners Sides Ends Community * 190ft x 90ft 28ft 42 -48inches 48inches 72inches Facility Seating 1500 58m x 27m 8.5m 1070-1220mm 1220mm 1828mm or less Community * 190ft x 90ft 28ft 48inches 48inches 72inches Facility Seating more than 1500 58m x 26m 8.5m 1220mm 1220mm 1828mm

Community 200ft x 85ft 28ft 48inches 48inches 72inches Facility 60m x 26m 8.5 m 1220mm 1220mm 1828mm Community+ 185ft x 85ft 28ft 48inches 48inches 72inches Facility 56m x 26m 8.5m 1220mm 1220mm 1828mm NHL Facility 200ft x 85ft 28ft 42inches 60-72inches 96inches 60m x 26m 8.5m 1066mm 1524-1828mm 2440mm Olympic 200’ft x 100ft 28ft 48inches 36inches 72inches Facility 60m x 30m 8.5m 1220mm 1m 2m A.S.T.M. 200ft x 100ft 28ft 42-48inches 36inches(min) 72inches (min) Guide 60m x 30m 8.5m 1066-1220mm 914mm (min) 1828mm (min)

General Facts: Dasherboards

*Recommended for New Constructions +Old municipal Standard

15 ORFA - SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING DASHERBOARDS AND SHIELDING

Types of Dasher Systems

Permanent

Wood stringers / steel posts

Steel stringers / steel posts

Retrofit with any style of dasher

Prefabricated

Steel frame

Combination of seamless sides and standard shields on ends

Seamless glass system

Standard shield supports with acrylic or glass

Aluminum frame

Combination of seamless sides and standard shields on ends

Seamless glass system

Standard Shield supports with acrylic or glass

Inline dasher systems

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1.13 CSA Protective Netting Testing Sweeping and mopping needs to be Guidelines regularly scheduled however a sanitization of these areas needs also be completed to Protective netting that is to be purchased or ensure microorganisms through spit, nasal that is already installed should meet some releases and other human body fluids is minimum strength requirements. Once kept in check! installed, it becomes the owner’s responsibility to ensure that the original strength and protective integrity of the netting is being maintained. The CSA testing protocol includes:

• The creation of a “test frame” that allows a piece of the protective netting to be attached

• A device that can represent an object with applicable velocity is to be used. This object shall be released toward the test frame at a velocity of 36 +0.5m/s(130+2km/h) with as little rotation as possible from a distance not to exceed 1.8m 1.14 Suggested Guidelines for Selecting Protective Netting • The velocity of the test object shall be measured within a It is strongly recommended that high quality distance of 60cm (2ft) from the protective safety netting be installed to point of impact with an error limit adequately protect all spectators at the ends of less than 2% and corners of rinks where seating is permitted (such netting to extend to the full • Two test zones on the target width of the ice surface 2250cm (75ft) to sample must be established. No 3000cm (100ft). The netting shall be of adjustments to the target sufficient strength and durability to ensure between tests may take place. A the adequate shielding of spectators sitting minimum of 25 test objects are in the ends and corners of the lower bowl to be shot at the centre of each (seats) from pucks/balls, which leave the target zone (a sample of this playing surface. target set-up is included in the CSA document) It is strongly recommended that when arenas install protective safety netting that Risks of Mould – dasherboards are perfect the following guidelines be implemented: environments for mould growth. Backer panels need to be removed and assessed 1. The netting manufacturer and/or for mould growth on an annual basis or installer must certify in writing that whenever possible mould growth is the netting to be installed will be of identified. sufficient strength and durability to ensure the adequate shielding of Maintenance of Player Seating Areas – all spectators sitting in the ends and too often player seating areas are forgotten corners of the lower bowl (seats) as part of the facilities housekeeping plan. from pucks/balls which leave the 17 ORFA - SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR ARENA DASHERBOARDS AND SHEILDING V.09

playing surface. These technical and fresh using the most applicable details should include size, type, language found in the facility. break strength etc. 2. You must ensure the netting is • It is strongly recommended that all installed by qualified installation facilities post the following team with previous experience, using acceptable commercial fittings Patrons Entering These Premises and ties. The manufacturer should Voluntarily Assume All Risks and provide a warranty on this Dangers Incidental to any Game or installation to ensure it is sound. Event. Failure of the netting can be caused by a number of reasons, ensure the information in a highly visible area in netting system is tested stringently English and all other applicable 3. As part of the final agreement the languages: manufacturer and/or installer should define in writing the exact limitations of responsibility and potential liability that may arise in the event of a failure of the netting being installed. 4. It is mandated that the protective netting have a maximum mesh stretch size of 162mm (3 1/4in.) (measured inside to inside), and a break strength that is, at a minimum, sufficient to withstand and restrain pucks travelling at the speeds at which pucks typically leave playing surfaces. 5. With respect to netting installation, the following shall apply: nets shall

be attached to the spectator side of the shielding system (e.g. glass) and shall be hung in a vertical manner or • Prior to the game/event and before angled back away from shielding the beginning of each period of any and back towards the spectator sporting event the following seating. No part of the net shall announcement is strongly protrude past the shielding and over recommended for broadcast in the ice surface. English and all other applicable languages over the facility sound 1.15 Signage and Warning system. Note: some facilities approach local media outlets to Signage and ongoing warnings of the risks design their announcements to associated with a sporting environment are ensure a clear precise message is recognized as positive risk reduction tools. being delivered. Owners that accept the benefits of signage and warning tactics must ensure that signs remain prominent and in good condition while warning techniques remain up to date

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Attention Fans! - “Be aware that Considering the average installation and pucks/balls/sticks/equipment may upkeep costs of a complete dasherboard leave the surface at anytime which system, a facility manager can easily recoup can cause serious injury. Please actual installation costs and upkeep costs pay attention to the activities on with a quality-advertising program. the playing surface at all times!” Managers must review planned advertising • Where tickets are sold it is strongly concepts with users as some organizations recommended that the following have clear policy on acceptable forms and disclaimer is found somewhere on content to be displayed during significant the portion of the ticket that is events. Professional hockey allows a retained by the patron. It is also maximum of 17-advertisements to be important to note that to be of any placed while community rinks have been legal benefit this information must be known to accept 50 advertisers. easily read by the ticket holder. Determining the number of ads and installation format will be influenced by several factors; price, length of advertising The facility owners /arena and/or contract and expected presentation. The host club/organization shall not be following are the four basic dasherboard held liable for any injury that may advertisement formats. occur at the event taking place on this date. Each patron assumes all It is also recommended that a policy risks and dangers associated with defining what types of advertising is this spectator event/activity. considered appropriate in this public setting be developed prior to ads being sold.

Permanent Advertisement or Polycarbonate Advertisement Panels Accepted in most community arenas as a “full-season” permanent advertisement. It is not scheduled to be removed for one entire operating season and is usually controlled under strict contract. Some facilities control the selling, installation and maintenance of such arrangements while others sub- contract the responsibilities, accepting a percentage of the rental fees. These decisions must be made by determining how much time a facility might afford to the set requirements for a successful program.

Advertisement is usually applied to a sheet 1.16 Dasherboard Advertising of ABS material, covered with 8mm (3/16in.) sheet of polycarbonate and then installed in The 1972 Russia-Canada hockey series a method to replace existing dasher introduced the world to arena dasherboard cladding material. The installation must be advertising. Dasherboard advertising is a smooth to ensure that no player becomes true revenue generator for all involved. entangled during play. Larger facilities may continually change advertisers based on events while smaller operations may contract on a yearly basis.

19 ORFA - SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING DASHERBOARDS AND SHIELDING

Vinyl Coated Advertisements Regardless of which system is chosen; to Constructed as a stick-on advertisement be successful a detailed maintenance and made of heavy vinyl these types of ads are upkeep schedule must be crafted and placed on to existing dasher cladding thus adhered to! making them easily replaced when damaged. Having a high clarity for the 1.17 Etching of Dasherboard Shielding advertisement while affording flexibility to the facility makes this type of advertising Some facilities have taken to etching appealing is essential! dasherboard glass as an opportunity to generate revenue. The process involves the Vinyl Banner Advertisement selling of a small area on the bottom of the Usually used for one-time events, a (0.16in.) shielding that is etched with a company’s ad is applied to vinyl banner and then logo or in one case an “In memory of” placed over the existing dasher cladding. format for past facility users was in place. Replacement ads must be considered to replace damaged units between periods. The etching process, much like the speak- Such advertising is also considered to have hole and camera hole installation, should be a high clarity value and offers much completed prior to the glass actually being flexibility to the facility. tempered. This process takes place on the raw float glass. Once the etching, notching, hole cutting, sizing etc is complete, the raw float glass is put into the ovens for final tempering. Note: it should now be realized why it takes so long to have such pieces replaced, and why the cost for such shielding is so high?

Although not necessarily recommended, it may be possible for a qualified craftsman to sandblast a motif or logo on tempered glass but they will be limited to etching a very-thin part of the surface on the glass. If the cut is too deep, the glass will possibly shatter – 2mm (1/32in.) is the maximum possible etching depth!” That the grinding of the glass may take away the smooth surface – causing dirt to build-up, creating a possible Rotational Advertisement Systems housekeeping issue? This concept is borrowed from the professional basketball circuit. A Consideration should be given when mechanically driven system is mounted installing the etching, as to not obstruct site within the dasherboard system and lines – understanding that a direct viewing protected with a piece of 12.5mm (1/2in.) in front of the etching may not cause visual polycarbonate. Requiring 110v electrical interference but a side, or angle view, access, these units are controlled by a pending the size of the etching could cause computer or automated time device that some visual impairment. Generally, it is felt scrolls advertising on demand. The flexibility that etching of glass, if completed properly, of such units is huge as it allows a facility to would not weaken the product however, generate revenues in many different should an incident occur it will be left to the manners. owner to prove that in fact, the etching did not contribute to the shielding failure; in all

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likelihood, the manufacturer would be New York’s Madison Square Garden dissolved of any liability based on the fact understands the benefits of conversions. the original materials were altered from the This venue is known to offer 500+ proven creation process of the shielding. significant events in any given 365-day year! It is not uncommon for a circus to be Alternatively, some facilities are using a held in the early hours of the day and a clear plastic sticker that allows for ease of complete conversion to a sporting event application, repair or removal of the taking place later that same evening. The advertising. military type execution of these transitions are a marvel to watch. The facility staffing in 1.18 Conversions this building have developed a system for each transition that ensures each event is Traditionally, the arena market has been properly and safely set. In Ontario, the split up into large professional buildings; Ministry of labour has investigated accidents medium sized junior league buildings that have occurred during conversions (Secondary market) and small community prompting facilities to develop Standard rinks. With the increased demand for a Operating Procedures for staffs who wider range of venues and an increase in participate in the conversion process. The shows geared to the secondary market, ORFA Facilities Library has begun both community rinks and secondary arenas collecting a variety of these types of are taking advantage of the ability to utilize documents that might assist you in the their ice surface to accommodate a wider development of your SOP? We also ask variety of functions in the same fashion as that you share your information so that we the large centres. This opens up a wide might continue to be able to provide the variety of community service opportunities most up to date documentation as possible. and revenue generating events that will not only contribute to the bottom line, but also Large venues, 15,000+ seat arenas, will increase the profile of a smaller facility. convert the rink from ice events to dry floor Although different in many ways the idea of events on a fairly regular basis. Some of converting ice have some similar the busiest facilities in North America will characteristics in both large and small host up to 280 non-ice events during a buildings. calendar year. Every element of these multi- purpose (15,000+) arenas is designed with the ability to convert from one event to another very quickly and efficiently. A dedicated conversions crew is used to convert the arena from ice hockey to basketball, concerts, or other activities in a short period of time (4 – 6 hours in some cases). In some major buildings the rink may undergo a double conversion, which may start out as wrestling, convert to a hockey game and finish with an evening basketball game. The key to an efficient and successful conversion process in a major arena is coordination of labour. The conversions crew must work in conjunction with the ice crew, housekeeping and

building operations must work together for

signage and seating set up. In some major centres there may be anywhere from 3 to 10

21 ORFA - SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING DASHERBOARDS AND SHIELDING

different unions involved in the conversion important to incorporate products and process, which adds to the challenge of systems to make the conversion process achieving a 2 hour conversion. easy and quick.

Secondary market facilities, such as OHL The design, selection or modification of an arenas are now being built with the same existing dasher system is a key component multi-purpose conversion abilities in mind. in the conversion of a facility. As this These mid-size buildings (5,000 – 12,000 document contains detailed information on seats) are attracting events that are dasher systems types and designs, only traditionally the domain of the large rinks. In aspects important to the conversion process order to host events such as concerts, will be discussed. circuses, boxing etc. the mid-size arena is operating in a similar manner as their larger cousins. Dedicated operations staff trained in the change-over process are a normal part of the staffing contingent at most mid- size arenas.

The traditional workhorse of the arena market is the small community rink, less than 5,000 seats. Generally, small community arenas are ice facilities during the winter months and have a variety of non-ice activities after the hockey season (in the summer months), ranging from ball hockey to weddings and fairs. In the winter months the demand for ice time typically precludes the use of the smaller buildings for other events, however, some of these Lift-out sections/panels are a necessity for buildings will host up to 25 events in a any multi-purpose arena. Removable season. Also, with increasing demand for sections of the rink boards should be ice time during the spring, summer and fall incorporated into a dasher system to allow small arenas are running extended ice for move-in and move-out of the event, season. The impact of this increased access for participants and compliance with demand is the need to convert the ice rink fire and safety codes. Lift out sections or for a dry floor activity. In most cases the removable panels should be lightweight and small arena does not employ a conversion easily demounted. The removable sections staff so the conversion of the rink is done by could be full dasher panels, small lift-out existing rink personnel. sections inside of a dasher panel, removable gates or additional bi-fold or Building Preparation and Design double leaf gates. Typically the removable Considerations sections/panels/gates are manufactured from aluminum so that they are light weight When considering adding a non-ice event to and easy to handle. Existing permanent an ice arena it is important to review the dasher systems can be retrofitted with facilities ability to host the event. This removable sections or new gates. includes staffing, building design, safety, code requirements, equipment, tools and Shielding or upper containment design and outsourcing. When designing or type should be taken into consideration for constructing a new facility that may hold a multi-purpose arenas. The two basics types variety of events and functions it very of shielding are tempered glass and acrylic.

22 ONTARIO RECREATION FACILITIES ASSOCIATION INC.

Both are acceptable for use in a multi- screw’s should be avoided as they slow purpose environment. 12mm (½”) thick down the conversion process and create a tempered glass weighs 31.62 kg/square safety issue by having staff up on a ladder meter (6.54 lbs./square foot) , 15mm (5/8”) on the ice surface to remove screws. Quick weighs 39.7 kg/square meter (8.17 release aluminum supports with no screws lbs/square foot) and 12mm (1/2”) acrylic are preferable. Seamless glass systems are comes in at 14.8 kg/square meter (3.10 also designed for easy conversion. The lbs/square foot). Acrylic is light weight, easy glass sits in a channel in the boards and to handle, does not require special handling has a small polycarbonate shield clip at the equipment and is not prone to shattering. top of the glass. If the arena has tempered Tempered glass is much more durable than glass it is recommended that the facility acrylic, is easy to clean and maintain and purchase either hand-held suction cup lifters will not scratch or become cloudy over time. or an electronic suction lifter and forklift Typically a conversion using acrylic will be attachment. much quicker than with tempered glass. There are hybrid shielding systems on the Storage carts can assist in making the market that use both acrylic and tempered conversion process faster and quicker. glass. Arenas are now successful placing Carts for storage of the removed dasher acrylic shields 60" wide on the sides which sections, lift-out panels and shielding allow reduces the number of shields to be the conversion staff to handle and store removed during a conversion as well as these items in a safe and secure manner. reducing the supports to improve visibility. Most storage carts have heavy-duty caster for easy movement or can be lifted by a forklift.

1.19 Ice Floor Covers

For many type of events an ice floor cover is required. Ice floor covers allow an arena to cover the ice and host a “dry” floor activity. Many arenas do not have the time or ability to remove the ice in order to hold an activity that does not require ice. This is where and ice floor covers come in. An ice cover will allow arena operators to quickly isolate the ice, insulate from the cold and provide a safe and sturdy surface on which to hold a function. There are a number of options available to arenas today to cover their ice.

Depending on the type of facility, type of Shielding support systems will have an events, staffing and budgets the operator impact on how quickly a rink can remove will need to select the appropriated ice floor and reinstall the shielding for an event. cover for their facility. Figure skating competitions, concerts, and other spectator events require the rink Plywood provides a low-cost method of shielding to be removed. The support covering the ice surface. 20mm (¾in.) or system for a multi-purpose arena should be 25mm (1in.) thick plywood, either painted or either a two-piece aluminum support or natural, has been used in many facilities as seamless tempered glass system. Two- an inexpensive method of covering the ice. piece aluminum supports with fastening While an economical option plywood can be heavy to work with, can stick to the ice, and

23 ORFA - SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING DASHERBOARDS AND SHIELDING

can absorb moisture over a period of time. as they are subject to slight contraction from Plywood does not provide much in the way the cold temperatures. A composite ice of insulation and when left on the ice for an floor cover can be left on the ice surface for extended period of time may be difficult to an extended period of time without damage pick up from the ice. Plywood does not to the ice or the cover. As the composite ice provide an engineered slip resistance covers do not stick to the ice it is imperative surface and can be irregular in size and that they have an ice dam or dasher system thickness. around the perimeter to lock them into place. Due to the cost of these covers they Homasote has been used in ice rinks for are usually found in the mid to large arena many years. Homasote is a 25mm (1in.) facilities with 20 or more conversions per thick compressed recycled newsprint/pulp year. sheet. Most commonly Homasote has an acrylic coating to increase durability and All ice covers should be properly palletized prevent moisture absorption. Homasote is and stored in a covered place to properly used in all sizes of arenas and provides a maintain them and increase their life span. cost effective method of covering the ice. Storage carts are a must as they can be Homasote has an insulating ability that used to wheel the stacks of flooring into allows the ice to remain covered for a place and eliminate the need of a forklift number of days at a time. As it is while providing a storage area. Be manufactured from recycled paper products cautioned that these carts can add 25-30% Homasote can absorb moisture and smells to the actual purchase price of a flooring and if not properly handled and stored it can system and as such need to be considered be broken. Over time, depending on the as part of the purchasing process. usage the acrylic coating can break down and the sheets will deteriorate. Netting Systems Most ice arenas now have some type of Plastic roll ice floor covers are one of the spectator netting installed to prevent injury options available to operators. These rolled from pucks leaving the ice surface. In many products provide a durable, stable insulating arenas the netting system is installed surface on which to host an event. They permanently and is not easily removed or are easily cleaned and do not absorb retracted. With increased demand for moisture. Installation of these surfaces can alternative use of the ice arenas operators be tricky as they need to be interlocked and should make sure that the netting system is snapped together with a special tool. While properly designed and installed for their more expensive than plywood or Homasote facility. In the multi-purpose environment they are still a cost effective method of netting systems should be installed so that covering the ice for small to mid size the can be removed or retracted quickly and arenas. easily. In many mid-size and large arenas the netting system is designed to be Fiberglass -Urethane Composite sheets retracted or removed by using a manual or designed to be light-weight yet durable are motorized winch and pulley system. In used in many large arena facilities. These smaller arenas the netting can be pulled up 25mm (1in.) thick sheets are manufactured by ropes or cables or manually removed for from a combination of urethane foam and events. The options available to operators fiberglass scrim creating a strong light sheet range from simple to high-tech remote with insulating ability. The top surfaces are controlled truss systems. Each facility engineered to be slip-resistant and chemical should install a netting system that meets resistant. The urethane foam will not their needs, budgets and staffing levels. absorb moisture. Caution must be used when first installing theses ice floor covers

24 ONTARIO RECREATION FACILITIES ASSOCIATION INC.

Safety Considerations for Conversions risk management program and improve the The process of converting a rink for an public safety within your facility. We hope event can be complicated and requires for your ongoing evaluation of your facilities; numerous staff, contractors and processes we encourage you to take the necessary to take place at the same time. During steps to protect your organization, your conversions there are many people on the patrons and your users from undue harm. floor, driving boom lifts, fork lifts etc. At all times the safety of the staff and workers needs to be at the forefront of the task!

Forklift Safety - All lift operators should have a valid operator’s ticket to work any of the lifts. Mirrors should be installed in loading areas so people can see what is around the corner. Spotters should be used to stop people and direct the operators through the loading dock.

Loose Equipment - must be safely attached to your person or a hard point on the catwalk. This includes radios, belt packs, hand tools, and anything else that could fall from the catwalk or steel girders.

A Fall Arrest/Restraint System - should be in place at facilities with overhead rigging requirements. This consists of steel airplane cable fastened through out the beams. It allows the riggers to hook on to a line and freely walk along the beams when rigging a production, hanging banners etc. Any rigging outside the fall arrest system should be done from a boom lift.

Fall-Arrest Policy – Multi-purpose facilities should develop and implement a fall arrest policy similar to what is written below.

1.20 Conclusion

The ORFA’s Ice Making and Painting Technologies training course undertakes a comprehensive review of dasherboard systems. Those seeking additional information on this subject are encouraged to attend this training course. You are reminded that it is your responsibility to take every precaution necessary to provide a safe facility environment for all of your patrons. It is hoped that these guidelines continue to assist and enhance your current

25 ORFA - SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING DASHERBOARDS AND SHIELDING

PART II • Increasing glass height and installing safety protective netting, or SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR • Planning for future capital EVALUATING and MAINTAINING ARENA expenditures to increase glass BOARDS & SHIELDING SYSTEMS height

Evaluating your Premise Risk Assessment The review committee must be properly Facilities that have dasherboard systems in prepared for the task at hand. Also, as part place must conduct an initial review of their of an ongoing proactive operational system current installation to ensure that the system it is important that those who are charged meets or exceeds the expected level of with maintaining the integrity of the original safety. Many facilities along with CSA dasherboard and protective system are embraced the first ORFA Boards and Glass properly trained to take on this task. Merely Document and thoroughly conducted a asking a frontline staff member to conduct dasherboard system risk assessment an inspection or maintain an area they are review – many have failed to regularly unfamiliar with is poor supervision. Those revisit the system to ensure it remains a expected to conduct such activities should safe environment. The ORFA strongly be given some standard information as part recommends that an ongoing operational of that orientation. Once the committee has risk review file be created and maintained. retained the operational and design The following information has been information relating to their specific system designed by practitioners who embrace it should be passed along to the system such a philosophy. It is meant as a catalyst maintainers. This collected information toward your own specific assessment might include: document. • The age and type of construction of The ORFA Recommended Guidelines for your facility’s board and shielding Assessing the Current State of an system. Arena’s Boards, Shielding and Protective • The exact height of glass as Netting Systems measured from the ice surface to the top of the shield The following information is provided to • The exact height of shield measured operations as a guide toward evaluating a from the concrete floor on the facilities current protective state of their spectator (off ice) side to the top of dasherboard system. It is strongly the shield recommended that a committee or task • The type and dimensions of the force to implement the recommendations be spectator seating. created and empowered to implement and • That the board and shielding system maintain the findings. It is important that one is removable or permanent person be designated as the catalyst for • If the existing board system support implementation of the findings, is designed to accept an increase in recommendations and corrective measures. shielding height? Corrective measures may include but not be • If seating causes any risk to the limited to: spectator at any point • Installing safety protective netting in • If there are any exposed supports appropriate locations, or that are padded • Increasing glass height, or • Types of programs that are regularly scheduled

26 ONTARIO RECREATION FACILITIES ASSOCIATION INC.

• That there is a proactive • Loose gates, hinges, latches accident/incident collection system should be identified to report incidents involving • Condition of Lexan and/or participant and or spectator injuries board advertising kits • Is there a design problem identified • Are board advertising by a pattern of spectator or player shielding in tact injury, and what action is to be taken should such an incident reoccur 2. Inspect safety protective netting • Inspect netting for Site Visit tightness/tension A review of the facility is a vital part of the • Inspect netting for wear, process. Reviews should be conducted on holes, torn or cuts two separate occasions – when the facility • Inspect netting connection is empty and when a significant event is cables and clamps taking place. The ORFA encourages its • Inspect netting mesh hole members to utilize the experience and size expertise of others in the industry. Once you have conducted your self-assessment a 3. Draw a map of your arena and mark simple invitation of another member to in the following areas: conduct an evaluation often renders a new • Players boxes view of the environment. These findings • Penalty boxes might also be considered as part of the • Camera and media areas review process. • Gates and resurfacer gates Other agencies might also be invited to (note if machine gate is a lift participate as they too can lend to a gate or a swing gate) different viewpoint toward safety and • Seating areas operational efficiencies. Local safety • Concession areas if committees, Fire department safety officers, applicable insurance risk managers and building • Opening to outside corridors officials are all highly skilled professionals or lobby that have received training in safety matters. • Areas along the dashers Using standard tools such as pucks, where there is no shielding hockey/lacrosse sticks and measuring tapes separating the ice from the should be considered as part of the review. spectator area The following tasks should be considered as • Steps or risers in the part of your review process: spectator area

1. Evaluate your dasher boards 4. Look for any gaps or spaces in your • Measure outside surface to shielding system that may allow top of glass shields objects or sticks to leave the playing • Measure ice side surface to area without going over the shields. top of glass shields Gates are especially bad for this. • Width of dasher boards Use the stick and a puck to confirm • Height of dasher boards whether this is possible. Mark these • Type and condition of facing areas on the floor plan with a large “X”. • Are shield supports intact?

• Condition of dasher board 5. Look for ice- side deviations that (stability) may cause a stick, blade or body part to become caught and thereby

27 ORFA - SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING DASHERBOARDS AND SHIELDING

result in an injury. Mark these • Are the patrons of your rink problem spots on the ice side of the protected from the risk of a floor plan with an “X”. flying puck or stick while standing or sitting in any part Observations of your arena? The following are guidelines are designed • Are there any gaps where by industry practitioners to assist in pucks or other objects can go summarizing the state of your arena and through? identifying potential risks. Review the • Can a puck or ball escape following possible conclusions drawn from into an adjacent traffic area? the data gathered to help design your • Are there any gaps or weak specific action plan. spots in the boards that will cause a player to become General Evaluation injured or allow for a stick to Note any consistencies in player or get caught? spectator injury observed by staff or user groups. Action Plan From your summary, list the specific • Are there any programming problem areas that require attention. For issues that may pose a every issue, identify solutions that may be hazard to public safety? feasible including any associated costs and • Should there be any policies ease of implementation. Example or procedures implemented Information Collection System: to protect user groups and spectators. (e.g. ensuring Problem Solutions/Action Priority Projected that all gates are closed Cost during practice sessions.) Gap in Stop Activities High • Is netting installed over end Glass boards where spectator seating is located and/or at Replace/fix High $200.00 spectator walkways, stairs or supports Upgrade Medium $1,000 steps? glass

Boards/Shielding Evaluation

• In the data sheets, highlight This plan should clearly identify and outline the existing problems by the steps your organization will need to take marking an “X” on your to establish the most appropriate drawing. improvement plan for your system. Be • Check the outside resourceful but clear with pending liability measurement of the dasher when dealing with the identified problems. system. Compare to the Issues that are of high risk to injury must be inside and measure the corrected immediately while other items shield height. may require further planning and budgetary • Is the height of the dashers consideration. Be mindful to submit the on the spectator’s side of evaluation as part of the annual capital your arena shorter than the budget submissions as this will serve notice ice side? If yes, are patrons to the ongoing importance of these matters. at risk when standing or

sitting around the rink?

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Recommended Dasherboard Guidelines • For community arena facilities with for Community Arena Events seating for 1500 or less, all other remaining perimeter glass should be After collaboration with facility personnel, a minimum of 1830mm (6ft) in height agencies, manufacturers and national sport with 15mm (5/8in.) in thickness for organizations, the Ontario Recreation tempered and 25mm (1/2in.) in Facilities Association recommends the thickness for acrylic glass. following guidelines for all recreation arena facilities. • For community arena facilities with seating for more than 1500, all other • Meet with each user group annually remaining perimeter glass should be to discuss pending changes to their a minimum of 240cm (8ft) in height sport or activity, facility layout, as with 15mm (5/8in.) in thickness for well as to review any facility tempered and 12.5mm (1/2in.) in operational concerns and risk thickness for acrylic glass. management techniques. • All players’ benches and penalty • Report each incident and/or accident benches shall have protective glass by filling out the appropriate form(s). of the same height as the adjoining Staff training is required on how to board glass along the ends and back properly assess the situation and to of the bench to protect spectators in take the appropriate actions. This walkways, alleys and seating area. process should be in accordance In front of the home and visitors with the Employer’s recognized penalty boxes the glass shall be policies and procedures. continuous and be the same height as the adjoining board glass. It is • For all new or major retrofits to a recommended that all timekeepers’ community arena facility with boxes be totally enclosed with spectator seating of 1500 or less: protective glass. glass should be a minimum of four 1220mm (4ft) in height or a height • For consistency and fairness of play, that will provide a minimum glass installation and height should clearance of eight 2440mm (8ft) as reflect the installation at the opposite outlined in item 1.1; shielding should end. be 25mm (1/2in.) in thickness from • Arena Board height should be radius to radius for tempered or consistent with recognized industry acrylic glass. standards of a minimum of 1070mm • For all new or major retrofits to a (42in) to a maximum of 1220mm community arena facility with (48in). For community arenas where spectator seating of more than 1500: majority of its primary users are glass should be a minimum of minor hockey (boys or girls), the 1830mm (6ft) in height or a height desired height of board from the that will provide a minimum floor surface to top of sill is 1220 clearance of 3150mm (10ft) as (48in). described in item 1.2; glass should • Protective netting is strongly be 25mm (1/2in.) in thickness from recommended to be installed from along each side from the beginning the top of the glass to a height as to of the radius on each end for adequately protect all spectators in tempered or acrylic glass. the arena proper (seated or mobile) especially at arena ends/boards. The safety netting should not exceed

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a 75 mm (1.5in.) x 75mm (1.5in.) Measure: opening. Refer to appendix A. • Measure height of dashers from top of top sill to ice (1A) and top of top • Safety netting must be maintained - sill to the base of the dasher (1B) dust, grease and other such matter that is allowed to settle and collect • Measure total height of dasher on the netting fabric increases the system from top of shields to ice risk of fire (2A) and from top of shields to surface behind the dashers (2B). • For all existing community arenas, it • Measure top of shields to top sill for is strongly recommended that every shield height at both the sides and precaution reasonable be taken in the ends. the protection of the spectator and participant, whether it is an increase in glass height or the installation of the preferred safety netting or a combination of both.

FIGURE 1

Ice Side Spectator Side 2A 2B

1A 1B

ICE

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Calculate: It is recommended that facility owners • On a flat floor 1A and 1 B should be develop a daily and/or weekly inspection equal, less the thickness of the ice. If checklist to be completed by identified staff. there is a difference its probable that This will facilitate the evaluation of your the dashers sit on a curb. This facility safety program and take appropriate should be noted. action when it is required. • An elevated walkway will be evident if there is a difference between 2A Sample Inspection Procedure and 2B. This should be noted and taken into consideration when The ongoing inspection of the dasherboard determining a safe shield height. and protection system by all staff is 1.1 Seating 1500 or less - It is strongly expected. Any identified problems must be recommended that an 8 ft. clearance immediately rectified or action taken to be achieved on both sides of the ensure the safety or all who use or enter the boards (8 ft. clearance from lowest facility is maintained. This may include the point of ice/surface/floor to top of closing of the facility until the problem has glass/shield). been corrected. 1.2 Seating 1500 or greater - It is strongly recommended that a A minimum of once per-week or anytime 3000cm (10ft.) clearance be corrective action is taken by staff or a achieved on both sides of the boards concern is expressed by any user a full (3000cm (10ft.) clearance from inspection of the dasherboard and lowest point of ice/surface/floor to protective system must be undertaken. top of glass/shield). Persons making entries in this inspection log must be trained to do so. They must Risk Maintenance identify themselves on the inspection form Scheduled inspections of board and and agree to take responsibility for shielding systems are an important risk corrective action and/or reporting the matter management tool. The inspection report to their immediate supervisor. should identify components that require ongoing assessment such as glass supports, spacers, checking boards for cracks, loose fitting or projecting screws and nails. Be sure that all board advertising kits and Lexan coverings are inspected. The inspection should also include the safety netting for tears, holes and weak spots in the mesh netting.

These reviews should be conducted on a basis that is consistent with the age, use and identified issues surrounding the system. Staff should be trained to recognize the potential hazards that may exist in their facility. It is important to provide staff with the necessary resources such as policies, procedures and training to address any facility concerns that may affect the operation. Program requirements must be known and understood by all in order to facilitate a safe activity for all.

31 ORFA - SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING DASHERBOARDS AND SHIELDING

SAMPLE INSPECTION LOG SHEET – Develop one for your specific installation (Your Log Book May Contain the Following Information)

Year System Was Installed: Facility Policy for Regular Inspection:

Date: Inspection Location: Inspected by:

Inspection Findings Action Notes Kicker Plate – Condition/Screws Plastic Board – Condition/Screws Shielding Shielding Supports Shielding Gasket Player Box End Protection Door Closing Door Hardware Advertising Protective Netting Top Sill – Condition/Screws Lift Gate GFCI Inspection Other

PART III SLEDGE HOCKEY ACCESSIBILITY: DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ARENAS AS RECOGNIZED BY HOCKEY CANADA THE CANADIAN RECREATION FACILITIES COUNCIL

SLEDGE HOCKEY is the Paralympic participants and programs into arena version of hockey and, since its debut on facilities. With the sport of sledge hockey the Paralympic program at the 1994 growing in popularity across Canada and Lillehammer Paralympic Winter Games, it the fact that it is a wholly inclusive sport has become one of the biggest attractions enjoyed equally by males and females, for spectators at the Paralympic Winter building owners are encouraged to evaluate Games. It is fast paced, highly physical and their existing buildings to accommodate played by athletes with a physical disability such programming. This would include in the lower part of the body. (Hockey accessibility, adaptability of current structure Canada) and any financial implications for modifications. Sledge Hockey is just one of the program extensions that have brought new

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A guide has been created intended for the players around the ice. As much as the building owners and managers wishing to game is designed for physically disabled accommodate the sport of Sledge Hockey. athletes it is not uncommon to see able It is not a standard but rather a resource bodied players participating. It can be tool to help evaluate existing systems and to played at either a competitive or guide future construction. recreational level.

Building owners should review the most Sledge hockey follows International Ice current accessibility laws and building code Hockey Federation (IIHF) rules with a few requirements for their local jurisdictions. modifications and as such can be played on any existing hockey surface. Current Sledge hockey consists of players being dasherboard design specific to height and moved about an ice surface on a “sledge” construction are acceptable, but instead of traditional skates – this design consideration for design and construction allows the puck to pass underneath the changes to meet the needs of sledge player. The traditional hockey stick is hockey players should be investigated. replaced with a shorter version that has a Existing ice hockey markings are utilized for spiked end and a different lie to help move sledge hockey games.

For access to the complete Guide – please download the following file: http://www.orfa.com/orfaoldweb/Resoorces/Sledge_arena_guidelines.pdf

Disclaimer ©Ontario Recreation Facilities Association Inc., 2009 The information contained in this reference material is distributed as a guide only; it is generally current to the best of our knowledge as to the revision date, having been compiled from sources believed to be reliable and to represent the best current opinion on the subject. No warranty, guarantee or representation is made by ORFA as to the absolute correctness or sufficiency of any representation contained in this reference material and ORFA assumes no responsibility in connection therewith; nor can it be assumed that all acceptable safety and health measures are contained in this reference material, or that other or additional measures may not be required in particular or exceptional conditions or circumstances.

While ORFA does not undertake to provide a revision service or guarantee accuracy, we shall be pleased to respond to your individual requests for information at any time.

Reference to companies and products are not intended by the publisher as an endorsement of any kind.

The Ontario Recreation Facilities Association T. 416-426-7062 F.416-426-7385 www.orfa.com [email protected]

33 ORFA - SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING DASHERBOARDS AND SHIELDING