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Dermatophyte Infections 7/17/2011 Tinea Capitis Dermatophyte Infections . Ringworm of the scalp Electron Micrograph of M. Canis Source: . Etiologic Agent and Taxonomy http://www.superstock.com/stock- photos-images/4102-5768 • M. Canis, T. Tonsurans, M. Nanum Presentation Developed By: Jenee M. Canis T. Tonsurans M. Nanum Thurston, Brittany Seman and Adam Kingdom Fungi Fungi Fungi Speerstra Division Ascomycota Ascomycota Ascomycota Class Eurotiomycetes Eurotiomycetes Eurotiomycetes Order Onygenales Onygenales Onygenales Family Arthrodermataceae Arthrodermataceae Arthrodermataceae The above student authors generated this web page presentation as an assignment in Dr. Cooper’s Medical Mycology course at Youngstown State University. Except for the indicated copyrighted material included within this electronic document, this web page is an intellectual product of the above students and Dr. Cooper. This page may be used for educational purposes only. Any other use requires the Genus Microsporum Trichophyton Epidermophyton permission of the above authors as well as Dr. Cooper ([email protected]). Species M. Canis T. Tonsurans E. Floccosum July 17, 2011 BIOL 4849: Medical Mycology 1 July 17, 2011 BIOL 4849: Medical Mycology 2 Tinea Capitis Tinea Capitis . Also known as “Herpes Tonsurans”, “Tinea . Most widespread in children Tonsurans” or “Scalp ringworm” • Highest incidence among children aged 3-7 . Dermatophytic contagious fungal infection years of the scalp, hair follicles and hair shaft • Rare in adults . Most common dermatophyte infection . Symptoms: worldwide • hairless patches on the scalp . Caused by fungi of species genera • gray, scaly patches Trichophyton and Microsporum • Little or no irritation Figure: Child suffering from Tinea capitis Source: http://furiouspurpose.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/tinea- capitis.jpg July 12, 2011 BIOL 4849: Medical Mycology 3 07/12/11 BIOL 4849: Medical Mycology 4 Tinea Capitis M. canis .Geographic Distribution . Etiologic Agent and Taxonomy • Most prevalent in Western & • Microsporum (M.) canis (most prevalent), T. Southern Europe tonsurans, M. namum, T. violaceum, T. • Italy concentricum, and E. floccosum. • Greece • Germany • Hungary and Poland also report high rates of M. canis Figure: European countries with high rates of M. canis Source:http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/continents/Euro tinea capitis in Europe pe/label/labelanswers.GIF BIOL 4849: Medical 07/12/11 BIOL 4849: Medical Mycology 5 07/12/11 Mycology 1 7/17/2011 M. canis M. canis .Life Cycle • Have asexual spores . Epidemiology known as mitospores • In the late 19th and early 20th century, M. canis • Usually haploid and and M. audouinii were the main agents in dormant Western and Mediterranean Europe • Mitospores may reproduce • Responsible for 60% of tinea capitis cases the parent, or may also act • Most common agent of tinea capitis in Figure: The life cycle of a typical acomycota as gametes to fertilize a Source:www.scholars/biology/classification/fungi/ascomycota/ Mexico, Peru and Europe well-matched partner • Increase in incidence rate • Main reservoir of infection in cats BIOL 4849: Medical 07/12/11 Mycology M. canis M. canis . Pathogenesis . Pathogenesis (cont....) • Common source of infection is from contact • Hair invasion occurs as an ectothrix or with infected cats or guinea pigs endothrix infection. • Pathogens colonize in the fur of animals without • In ectothrix, the fungal spores attach to the surface causing clinical symptoms to the animals of the hair shaft • Transmission by indirect contact with objects • In endothrix infections, the pathogen invades the • Car seats, stuffed animals, furniture hair shaft without destroying the cuticle • Person-to-person contact Scalp Ringworm Scalp Ringworm (cont.) . Diagnosed by plain specimen (slides) and . Treatments include both oral and topical fungal cultures drugs . Symptoms include: • Oral: griseofulvin, terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole • Scaly/erythematous lesions • Topical: Selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, shampoos • inflamed kerions • seborrhea dermatitis . Prevention of Disease Reoccurance • pustules • Disinfect all skin-related objects (razors, headwear, etc) Inflamed kerion; www.healthhype.com/wp- content/uploads/kerion_celsi15.jpg • Keep away from possible carriers, such as dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs July 17, 2011 BIOL 4849: Medical Mycology 11 July 17, 2011 BIOL 4849: Medical Mycology 12 2 7/17/2011 Case Report 1: Columbus, OH Case Report 2: North India . Analysis of pediatric patients at the Nationwide . Study carried out by Departments of Dermatology Children’s Hospital; the study was on patients and Microbiology at pediatric hospital in New Delhi; who visited the Children’s Dermatology Clinic children 12 and up with suspected TC were studied from May 2001-May 2006; samples from the from April 2006-December 2008; skin scrapings and scalp collected with hairbrush and further tested hair fragments were taken from the patients and for a positive culture of Tinea Capitis; a total of collected on slides; 88.6% of patients had TC caused by T. violaceum 189 patients had positive cultures; 88.9% patients infected by T. tonsurans July 17, 2011 BIOL 4849: Medical Mycology 13 July 17, 2011 BIOL 4849: Medical Mycology 14 References . Coloe JR, Diab M, Moennich J, et. al. Tinea capitis among children in the Columbus area, Ohio, USA. Mycoses 2009; 53: 158-162. Coloe Susan, Baird Robert. Dermatophyte Infections in Melbourne: Trends from 1961/64 to 2008/2009. j.1440-0960 2010; 4: 258-262 . Fukuda Tomoo. Tinea Capitis.2011; 1: 7-13 . Grover C, Arora P, Manchanda V. Tinea capitis in the pediatric population: A study from North India. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology 2010; 5: 527-532 . Mahreen Ameen. Epidemiology of Superficial Fungal Infections. j.clindermatol 2009; 2: 197-201 July 17, 2011 BIOL 4849: Medical Mycology 15 3 .
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