TERMS and DEFINITIONS Prejudice +

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Handout #6 On Behalf of Our Children Wisconsin Council of Churches TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Stereotype A fixed over-generalized belief about a particular group or class of people. Prejudice A preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. A set of negative beliefs, generalized about a whole group of people. Privilege The dominant group has greater access or availability to resources because of particular characteristics. The dominant group’s way of thinking and living is seen as the norm against which all others are compared. Life is structured around those norms for the benefit of the dominant group, e.g., airplane seats and seatbelts are standard size; school classes are taught at a predetermined level, etc. White Privilege A right, advantage, or immunity granted to or enjoyed by while persons beyond the common advantage of all others; an exemption in many particular bases from certain burdens or liabilities. Discrimination The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people. Racism Individual and institutional discriminatory actions from a combination of prejudice, privilege and power. To exact racism, one must have social power/privilege to (further) marginalize an individual or a group without that social privilege/power. This then becomes a system of institutional and systemic oppression. Social Power Access and availability to resources which enhance one’s chances of getting what one wants and influencing others. Cultural and institutional standards are defined by those with greater social power (the dominant group). Oppression A system that locks the social power of groups into place. The dominant group controls the institutions that govern life—— education, employment, legal system, government, housing, etc.; and the cultural standards-—language, holidays, beauty, values, time, etc. The result is the exploitation of one social group by another, with benefits (real or perceived) for the dominant group. Prejudice + Power + Privilege = Oppression Example: Racial Prejudice + Institutional Power + White Privilege = Racism .

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Definitions of Oppression, Dehumanization and Exploitation
Definitions of Oppression, Dehumanization and Exploitation Oppression The dictionary definition ((Webster's Third International Dictionary): "Unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power especially by the imposition of burdens; the condition of being weighed down; an act of pressing down; a sense of heaviness or obstruction in the body or mind." The Latin origin has oppressus as the past participle of opprimere, or to press down. Amongst the synonyms: the word subjugation. The Social Work Dictionary, ed. Robert L. Barker defines oppression as: "The social act of placing severe restrictions on an individual, group or institution. Typically, a government or political organization that is in power places these restrictions formally or covertly on oppressed groups so that they may be exploited and less able to compete with other social groups. The oppressed individual or group is devalued, exploited and deprived of privileges by the individual or group which has more power." (Barker, 2003) The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology has an excellent definition of social oppression: "Social oppression is a concept that describes a relationship between groups or categories of between groups or categories of people in which a dominant group benefits from the systematic abuse, exploitation, and injustice directed toward a subordinate group. The relationship between whites and blacks in the United States and South Africa, between social classes in many industrial societies, between men and women in most societies, between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland - all have elements of social oppression in that the organization of social life enables those who dominate to oppress others. Relationships between groups and relationships between groups and social categories, it should not be confused with the oppressive behavior of individuals.
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