Cruise Missile Defense Systems

Home , Hydra 70, Rocket (weapon)

MISSILES AND SPACE PROGRAMS fense (IAMD) acquisition approach will en- 114M); and a metal augmented charge sure that the materiel solutions for the (MAC) warhead (AGM-114N) for urban The PEO Missiles and Space provides Army’s AMD Future Force will provide the structures, bunk ers, radar and communica- centralized management for all Army air capabilities required by the warfighter. tions installations, and bridges. and missile defense and tactical missile In 2012, a multipurpose missile (AGM- programs as well as selected Army space Joint Attack Munition Systems 114R) began delivery, which allows the pilot programs. The PEO is responsible for the (JAMS) to select warhead effects corresponding to full life-cycle management of assigned pro- The Joint Attack Munition Systems the target. UAS or rotary-wing platforms grams. (JAMS) Project Office manages all Army can deliver the AGM-114R. The PEO Missiles and Space reports to aviation rockets and missiles. The current The Longbow Hellfire (AGM-114L) is also the Army Acquisition Executive and is programs include the 2.75-inch Hydra 70 a precision-strike missile, but uses millime- aligned with the Aviation and Missile Life family of rockets, the Hellfire family of ter wave (MMW) radar guidance instead of Cycle Management Command at Redstone missiles and the Joint Air-to-Ground Mis- Hellfire II’s SAL. It is the principal antitank Arsenal, Ala. This materiel enterprise rela- sile (JAGM). system for the AH-64D Apache Longbow tionship enhances the PEO’s ability to pro- The 2.75-inch (70 mm) Hydra 70 Rocket and uses the same antiarmor warhead as vide the world’s finest support to our Family encompasses variants of the free- Hellfire II. The MMW seeker provides be- Army, joint service, interagency, and coali- flight rocket that has become the standard yond-line-of-sight fire-and-forget capability tion warfighters and customers while con- ground-attack rocket. The design includes as well as the ability to operate in adverse tinuing the Army’s modernization. multiple warheads that can be used on the weather and battlefield obscurants. The portfolio of programs assigned to rocket motor. During Operation Desert Storm, the Hell- the PEO Missiles and Space spans the full Rockets equipped with various fuzes fire earned a reputation for being one of the spectrum of the acquisition process from and warhead options include: M261 tacti- military’s most formidable tank killers. Its system development to acquisition, testing, cal, M267 practice, M151 (10-pound) anti- multimission capabilities were success- production, product improvement, field- personnel or canopy/soft bunker, M229 fully demonstrated in combat against a ing, sustainment and eventual retirement antipersonnel (17-pound), M274 smoke sig- wide variety of targets, including radar from the force. A number of programs are nature, M257 illumination, M264 smoke, installations, communications posts, bunk- joint programs being developed with the M255A1 flechette, and M278 infrared illu- ers, buildings, antiaircraft emplacements, other services. Two programs within the minating. oil rigs and bridges. Hellfire missiles were PEO are international cooperative develop- The AGM-114 Hellfire Missile Family used extensively in Operation Iraqi Free- ment programs, with other countries shar- includes the Hellfire II and Longbow Hell- dom (OIF) and are in continued use in ing in the development as full partners. fire missiles. Hellfire II is a precision-strike, Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). The In addition to specific acquisition pro- semi-active laser (SAL)-guided missile and Longbow Hellfire missile was used success- grams, the PEO is applying a system-of- is the principal air-to-ground weapon for fully in combat for the first time during OIF. systems acquisition approach to meet the Army AH-64 Apache, the U.S. Marine The Joint Air-to-Ground Missile (JAGM) warfighters’ needs and obtain the desired Corps AH-1W Super Cobra and the U.S. program will provide a rotary-wing, fixed- capabilities of the Army Air and Missile De- Air Force Predator unmanned aircraft sys- wing and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)- fense (AMD) Future Force. This approach tem (UAS). launched missile system that provides line- requires the systems to be restructured into The SAL Hellfire II guides using laser of-sight capabilities, including precision components of sensors, launchers, missiles, energy reflected off the target. It has three point targeting (both active and passive) and Battle Management Command, Con- warhead variants: a dual warhead, shaped- and fire-and-forget seeker technologies; in- trol, Communications, Computers and In- charge high-explosive antitank (HEAT) for creased range; and increased lethality against telligence (BMC4I), utilizing a standard set armored threats (AGM-114K); a blast-frag- soft and hardened moving and stationary of interfaces and networks to communicate. mentation warhead (BFWH) for urban, pa- targets. When fielded, the JAGM will re- The Army’s Integrated Air and Missile De- trol boat and other “soft” targets (AGM- place aviation-launched TOW, the Hellfire family of missiles and the Navy’s Maverick family of missiles. The JAGM will increase the warfighter’s operational flexibility by effectively engaging a variety of station - ary and mobile targets on the battlefield, including advanced heavy/light armored vehicles, bunkers, buildings, patrol craft, command-and-control vehicles, trans porter/ erector launchers, artillery sys tems and radar/air defense systems. Its multimode seeker will provide robust capability in adverse weather, day or night, and in an ob- scured/countermeasure environment, against both stationary and moving targets.

Cruise Missile Defense Systems (CMDS) The CMDS Project Office is equipping the transformation of the current force maneuver air and missile defense capability into an integrated air and missile defense capability. Programs include Stinger-based Avenger A Hellﬁre Missile is loaded onto an AH-64D Apache helicopter. and Manportable Air Defense System

326 ARMY I October 2012 (MAN PADS), the Sentinel radar and the Joint Land Attack Cruise Missile Defense Elevated Netted Sensor System (JLENS). Stinger-based Avenger and MANPADS provide the only air defense weapon currently in the forward area through Stinger, a fire-and-forget infrared/ultraviolet (IR/UV) missile system. Stinger-based Avenger is highly mobile and provides shoot-on-the- move capabilities in day, night, and adverse weather operations, and is designed to counter hostile, low-flying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), cruise missiles, rotary- wing aircraft and high-performance fixed- wing aircraft. Stinger provides low-altitude defense for ground forces against aerial observation or attack by smaller threat aircraft. Stinger missiles have extensive counter-countermeasure capabilities, can engage targets from any aspect including head-on, and uti- lize a high-explosive, hit-to-kill warhead. Stinger-based Avenger mounted on a Humvee The AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel is an advanced, three dimensional, battlefield X- The Joint Land Attack Cruise Missile Lower Tier Project Office band air defense phased-array radar with Defense Elevated Netted Sensor System The Lower Tier Project Office consists of an acquisition range of 40 kilometers. Sen- (JLENS) uses advanced sensor and net- the Patriot, PAC-3 and Joint Tactical tinel transmits its radar imagery to the for- working technologies to provide 360-de- Ground Station (JTAGS). ward area air defense command and con- gree, wide-area surveillance and precision The Patriot Missile System provides de- trol (FAAD C2) via radio frequency link. tracking of land attack cruise missiles. fense of critical assets and maneuver forces Sentinel is being upgraded to the im- JLENS detects stressing, terrain-masked belonging to corps and to echelons above proved Sentinel configuration that doubles cruise missiles and other air-breathing corps against aircraft, cruise missiles and its range and will integrate with future threats, permitting extended engagement tactical ballistic missiles (TBMs). The PAC-2 AMD BMC4I via SLAMRAAM. ranges for current air defense systems. system upgrade, modified PAC-2 guidance

October 2012 I ARMY 327 enhancement missiles (GEM) and the PAC-3 to increase performance against an evolving communications (C2BMC); and THAAD- missile provide the Patriot missile system threat, meets user needs and enhances joint specific support equipment. All compo- with an advanced antitactical missile capa- interoperability. nents were successfully integrated, tested bility. The combat element of the Patriot The Joint Tactical Ground Station (JTAGS) and demonstrated during the first pro- missile system is the fire unit, which con- is a transportable information processing gram phase that concluded in 2000. sists of a phased-array radar set (RS), an en- system that supports combatant comman- The THAAD development program gagement control station (ECS), an electric ders and forward-deployed forces with flight testing resumed in 2005 with the first power plant, an antenna mast group, a com- early warning data on ballistic missile 15 flight tests. In May 2006, Lockheed Mar- munications relay group and up to eight re- launches. tin and the U.S. Missile Defense Agency motely located launching stations (LSs). The Missile Defense Agency-managed successfully conducted the first develop- The RS provides all tactical functions of Terminal High Altitude Area Defense mental flight test to engage the entire airspace surveillance, target detection and (THAAD) system, a critical element of the THAAD weapon system, including THAAD tracking, and missile guidance and engage- ballistic missile defense system (BMDS), interceptor, launcher, radar and fire-control ment support. The ECS provides the hu- will provide rapidly deployable ground- system. Following repeated flight test suc- man interface for command and control of based missile defense components that cesses, the U.S. Army “stood up” the first of operations. Each LS contains four ready-to- deepen, extend and complement the BMDS four planned THAAD firing batteries at fire missiles sealed in canisters that serve as to any combatant commander to defeat Fort Bliss, Texas, in mid-2008. both shipping containers and launch tubes. ballistic missiles of all types and ranges The Patriot’s fast-reaction capability, high while in all phases of flight. Close Combat Weapon Systems firepower and ability to track numerous THAAD’s combination of high-altitude, (CCWS) targets simultaneously and operate in a se- long-range capability and hit-to-kill lethality The Close Combat Weapon Systems vere electronic countermeasures environ- enables it to negate the effects of weapons of (CCWS) Project Office manages a range of ment are significant improvements over mass destruction at intercept ranges well be- antiarmor missile and target acquisition previous air defense systems. yond the defended area. These attributes, systems. Current programs include the The Patriot Advanced Capability-3 along with THAAD’s unique endo- and tube-launched, optically tracked, wire- (PAC-3) missile program incorporates sig- exo-atmospheric capability, enlarge the bat- guided (TOW 2)/TOW 2A/TOW 2B, Jave- nificant upgrades to the RS and ECS and tlespace to allow multiple intercept oppor- lin, improved target acquisition system the battle-proven PAC-3 missile, which uses tunities in both the late-midcourse and ter- (ITAS) and Improved Bradley Acquisition hit-to-kill technology for greater lethality minal phases of ballistic missile trajectories. System (IBAS). The office is also coordinat- against TBMs armed with weapons of mass THAAD can accept cues from Aegis, satel- ing preliminary work on future TOW mis- destruction. The PAC-3 missile is the first lites and other external sensors to further sile improvements. operationally deployed hit-to-kill weapon extend the battlespace and defended area The BGM-71 Tube-launched, Optically system capable of defeating all known air coverage. THAAD will operate in concert Tracked, Wire-guided (TOW) Missile Sys- and missile defense threats. In addition, it is with the lower-tier Patriot/PAC-3 missile tem, with the multimission TOW 2A, TOW possible to have up to 16 PAC-3 missiles system to provide increased levels of effec- 2B, TOW 2B Aero and TOW bunker buster per launcher, thereby increasing firepower tiveness. missile, is a long-range, multimission, preci- and missile defense capabilities. The PAC-3 THAAD is a rapid-response weapon sion-attack weapon system used through out missile’s primary mission is to kill maneu- system that can be deployed quickly to the world today. TOW is in service in more vering and nonmaneuvering TBMs while protect critical assets worldwide. The than 40 international armed forces and inte- remaining able to counter advanced cruise THAAD element consists of five major grated on more than 15,000 ground, vehicle missiles and aircraft. The PAC-3 missile up- components: missiles; launchers; radars; and helicopter platforms worldwide. TOW grade program adds system improvements command, control, battle management and is also the preferred heavy assault weapon system for NATO, coalition, United Nations and peacekeeping operations worldwide. The TOW 2A, TOW 2B, TOW 2B Aero and TOW bunker buster missiles can be fired from all TOW launchers, including the improved target acquisition systems, Stryker antitank guided missile (ATGM) vehicle (modified ITAS), and Bradley fighting vehicles (IBAS). The Improved Target Acquisition Sys- tem includes a second-generation FLIR that uses standard advanced dewar assembly (SADA II) technology, an eyesafe laser rangefinder. The TOW ITAS provides a highly mobile, adverse weather, day-or- night capability needed by early entry forces to destroy advanced threat armor at greater standoff ranges in the main battle area. The ITAS features an automatic bore- sighting capability, aided target tracking, embedded training, BIT/BITE and travers- ing unit modifications. These features en- sure crew survivability through increased standoff range and improved performance Lockheed Martin in the battlefield environment. Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) missile The TOW weapon system, with its ex-

328 ARMY I October 2012 tended-range performance, is the long- range precision heavy antitank/assault missile of choice for the U.S. Army Stryker, Bradley, ITAS-Humvee platforms and the U.S. Marine Corps Humvee, light armored vehicle and AH-1W Cobra platforms. In addition, it can be operated in a dismounted ground mode. The TOW weapon system entered its production and deployment phase in 1970. Since then, multiple variations of the missile and launcher systems have been fielded. Recent developments include the development of the bunker buster missile for use by the Stryker brigade combat teams and the introduction of the TOW 2B Aero, Javelin missile an extended-range (4.5-kilometer) version of the TOW 2B missile. Future improve- Javelin has been used very successfully may also be used in the stand-alone mode ments will include replacing the wire in Iraq and Afghanistan to defeat armored for battlefield surveillance and target de- guidance system with a wireless radio fre- targets, bunkers and hard-to-reach targets tection; this has proven effective both in quency (RF) guidance system. in urban terrain, without endangering Afghanistan and Iraq. The Javelin is a shoulder-launched, fire- friendly forces or noncombatants. The missile is 127 mm in diameter with a and-forget, manportable, antiarmor and Javelin has two major tactical compo- staring, imaging infrared seeker; a feature- assault weapon system optimized for at- nents: a reusable command launch unit based tracker; a lethal warhead; dual in- tacking and destroying armored tank tar- (CLU) and a missile sealed in a disposable line eject; a solid-propellant flight motor; gets, buildings, bunkers and hovering heli- launch tube assembly. gunner-selected direct-attack or top-attack copters. It replaces the Dragon antiarmor The CLU is a compact, lightweight, tar- engagement guidance options; and the missile system, providing a medium-range get-acquisition device incorporating an in- Javelin launch tube assembly, an expend- multipurpose capability for infantry, scouts tegrated day/second-generation thermal able handling launch tube to house the and combat engineers. The system is lethal sight, launch controls and a gunner’s eye- missile, power pack attachment and CLU against tanks with conventional and reac- piece display. It provides target engage- interface. The complete round is described tive armor and against a variety of other ment capability in adverse weather and as “wooden,” as it requires no pre-use test- targets. countermeasure environments. The CLU ing or maintenance. Its shelf life is 10 years.

October 2012 I ARMY 329 The Javelin system weighs 49 pounds, proved conventional munition submuni- The ATACMS Block IA, with enhanced and its maximum range is more than 2,500 tions. MLRS, however, is capable of sup- accuracy enabled by GPS augmentation to meters (minimum operational range is 65 porting and delivering all of the MLRS fam- its inertial guidance capability, has a 300- meters). Javelin’s key technical feature is ily of munitions (MFOM), including the kilometer reach. the use of fire-and-forget technology that Army tactical missile system (ATACMS) Block IA began fielding in FY 1998, and allows the gunner to fire and immediately variants. retrofit of selected launchers to Block IA ca- take cover. Additional special features are The M142 High Mobility Artillery pability occurred simultaneously with mis- the top-attack and direct-fire modes (for Rocket System (HIMARS) Launcher is sile fielding. Fired from M270A1 and HI- targets under cover), advanced tandem the newest launcher variant of the MLRS MARS launchers, it was highly effective in warhead, imaging infrared seeker, target family. OIF. lock-on before launch and soft launch. Soft HIMARS is a highly mobile artillery The ATACMS Unitary Missile is a U.S. launch allows Javelin to be fired safely rocket system offering MLRS firepower on Army requirement developed from lessons from enclosures and covered fighting posi- a wheeled chassis and is C-130 trans- learned in Kosovo. It was clear that battle- tions, increasing gunner survivability. The portable. field commanders needed a weapon with time required to prepare Javelin for firing HIMARS carries a single six-pack of precise guidance and lower lethal radii to is less than 30 seconds, with a reload time MLRS rockets, or one Army tactical missile minimize collateral damage. of less than 20 seconds. system (ATACMS) missile, on the Army’s The Army TACMS Quick-Reaction Uni- new family of medium tactical vehicles tary (QRU) Missile is a responsive all- Precision Fires Rocket and Missile (FMTV) 5-ton truck. HIMARS is designed weather, long-range missile with a high-ex- Systems to launch the entire MLRS family of muni- plosive, single-burst warhead fired from The Precision Fires Rocket and Missile tions. A platoon of HIMARS advanced the multiple-launch rocket system family Systems (PFRMS) Project Office manages concept technology demonstration proto- of launchers. the multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) types were successfully used during OIF, The Army TACMS QRU is converted to family of launchers, including the M270A1 exclusively firing ATACMS missiles in the unitary configuration by replacing the and High-Mobility Artillery Rocket System support of ground forces. antipersonnel/antimateriel (APAM) sub- (HIMARS) as well as the entire suite of The MFOM munition systems have munitions in Block IA missiles and integrat- rockets and missiles for those launchers. proven to be highly effective and reliable ing a proven government-furnished unitary The MLRS family of munitions includes during combat operations. warhead (470-pound SLAM/HARPOON) the basic, extended-range and guided The ATACMS Blocks I and IA Missiles and fuze into the warhead section. MLRS rockets as well as the Block I/IA and provide long-range, surface-to-surface fire The missile has a range of 270 kilome- unitary Army Tactical Missile System (AT- support for Army corps and division oper- ters and provides the Army the interim ca- ACMS). ations. Both ATACMS Blocks I and IA are pability to attack high-payoff, time-sensi- The M270A1 Multiple Launch Rocket surface-to-surface guided missile systems tive targets without placing combat or System (MLRS) is a highly mobile, auto- with antipersonnel/antimateriel (APAM) support aircraft and crews at risk. mated system that fires surface-to-surface warheads. Its precision accuracy, the absence of po- rockets and missiles from a tracked plat- The ATACMS with an APAM warhead tential submunition duds and reduced form derived from the same chassis used by attacks soft-area targets at ranges well be- lethal radii overcome collateral damage the Bradley fighting vehicle. The MLRS yond the capability of existing cannons concerns. delivers large volumes of firepower in a and rockets. Targets include surface-to-sur- The Army TACMS QRU was used effec- short time against critical, time-sensitive tar- face missile and multiple rocket launcher tively in OIF and continues to be highly ef- gets. From inside the cab, the crew of three units; air defense systems; logistics ele- fective in destroying high-payoff targets can fire up to 12 MLRS rockets. The basic ments; and command, control and commu- in OEF. rocket warhead carries dual-purpose, im- nications complexes. The Army TACMS QRU evolved into the TACMS 2000 (T2K) variant with upgraded vertical impact capability to mini- High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) mize target altitude error. This vertical impact capability maximizes warhead effects in complex urban and mountain terrain. The Extended-Range Multiple Launch Rocket System (ER-MLRS), which extends the 31.8-kilometer range of the basic rocket to approximately 45 kilometers, provides longer-range rocket capability. The program emerged from lessons learned during Operation Desert Storm, in which senior- level commanders, while applauding the effectiveness of the basic rocket, stated a requirement for greater range. The ER-MLRS is a free-flight, area-fire artillery rocket designed to enhance the capabilities of the MLRS. The Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS) supports Army transformation with increased overmatch capabilities and a reduced logistics footprint over current free-flight rockets. GMLRS is used with the M270A1 and the HIMARS

Lockheed Martin launchers.

330 ARMY I October 2012 The rockets incorporate GPS-aided inertial navigation systems. A second GMLRS variant is the GMLRS Unitary. GMLRS unitary integrates a 200- pound class unitary warhead into the GMLRS. This munition has a range up to 70 kilometers and is effective against multiple targets. Its multimode warhead fuze (impact, delay and airburst) greatly enhances its employment options against many types of targets in various combat environments. The GMLRS unitary proved its effectiveness in OIF and has become the indirect- fire weapon of choice in urban areas. Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS) GMLRS Alternative Warhead (AW) The GMLRS AW program will replace the GMLRS DPICM with the mission to at- vide localized warning to the defended area correlated air and ground pictures and link- tack, neutralize, suppress and destroy tar- with sufficient time for personnel to take ing units to the Army Battle Command Sys- gets using rocket-delivered indirect preci- appropriate action; intercept rounds in tem (ABCS) and the Joint Defense Network sion fires while decreasing the probability flight, thus preventing damage to ground (JDN), with various forms of communica- of unexploded ordnance. forces or facilities; and enhance response to tions to provide situational awareness and GMLRS AW provides field artillery and defeat of enemy forces. The current C- exchange of timely and accurate informa- units with medium- and long-range fires RAM SoS is composed of a combination of tion to synchronize and optimize auto- while supporting brigade, division, corps, multiservice fielded and nondevelopmental mated shape, sense, warn, intercept, re- Army, theater, joint/coalition forces and item (NDI) sensors, mission command sys- spond and protect decisions. Marine Corps air-ground task forces in tems, and a modified U.S. Navy intercept The currently fielded capability uses full, limited or expeditionary operations. system (land-based phalanx weapon sys- existing field artillery and air defense sen- The GMLRS AW rocket is a solid pro- tem [LPWS]), with a low-cost, commercial sors (AN/TPQ-36/37 Firefinder, Light- pellant artillery rocket deployed from ei- off-the-shelf (COTS) warning system and weight Counter Mortar Radar (LCMR), ther the M270A1 or HIMARS. local area network (LAN). The C-RAM SoS and Sentinel), a commercial-industry-pro- GMLRS AW uses an inertial measuring capability is currently fielded at multiple duced warning system (Wireless Audio Vi- unit (IMU) with global positioning sys- sites in two theaters of operation, providing sual Emergency System [WAVES]), LPWS, tem assistance to guide the rocket to a specific point to deliver effects on a target. GMLRS AW is transported and fired from a launch pod container (LPC) that holds six rockets.

Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) In addition to the efforts of its “weapon system” project offices, the PEO Missiles and Space is applying a system-of-systems acquisition approach to meet warfighter re- quirements and obtain the desired capabilities of the Army Air and Missile Defense Future Force. This approach calls for a re- structuring of systems into components of sensors, weapons and Battle Management C4I with a standard set of interfaces among the components, using a standard set of networks for communication. The Army’s Integrated Air and Missile Defense acquisition approach significantly affects the PEO strategy for materiel development and systems acquisition. The Counter-Rocket, Artillery and Mor- tar (C-RAM), also referred to as Indirect Fire Protection Capability (IFPC) Incre- ment 0, is an evolutionary, nondevelopmental program initiated by the Army Chief of Staff in response to the indirect fire (IDF) threat and a validated operational needs statement. The primary mission of the C-RAM program is to develop, procure, field and maintain a system of systems (SoS) that can detect RAM launches; pro-

October 2012 I ARMY 331 agement shelter. The Air and Missile De- fense Workstation (AMDWS) is a common Counter-Rocket, Artillery and Mortar (C-RAM) defense/staff planning and situational awareness/situational understanding software tool. AMDWS is deployed with air and missile defense units at all echelons and is also a component of the ADAM. The AMDWS performs all aspects of AMD force operations. It assists in the automated development of the intelligence preparation of the battlefield, provides situational awareness, and is capable of planning, coordinat- ing, and synchronizing the air, land, and sea battle. AMDWS is the interoperability link for AMD forces with the ABCS and provides the air situational input to the common operational picture. Forward Area Air Defense Command and Control (FAAD C2). The FAAD C2 system consists of common hardware, soft- U.S. Air Force U.S. ware and communications equipment to and U.S. Air Force base defense security sys- C-RAM capabilities (sense, warn, inter- meet the command-and-control and target- tems. It is tied to various response systems cept, respond, command and control (C2), ing needs of C-RAM units and AMD bat- via the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Marine Corps shape and protect). IFPC Increment 1 talions. FAAD supports the air and missile and ABCS. The Forward Area Air Defense fields a warn capability as a horizontal defense battalion mission by providing C2I Command and Control (FAAD C2) system, technology insertion, using current C- information to higher, adjacent and lower also under the management of the C-RAM RAM warning equipment to provide early, units. Computer displays allow comman- Program Directorate, has been enhanced to localized warning to the brigade combat ders access to databases for the air picture, integrate the sensors, weapons and warning teams (BCTs). It will employ the Air De- situation reports, enemy assessments and systems to provide command and control fense Airspace Management (ADAM) cell friendly forces. The FAAD C2 system can for the C-RAM SoS. C-RAM C2 software already resident in the BCT headquarters process information classified up to secret. correlates RAM sensor data, evaluates that as the C2 element, use the Firefinders and The system provides an embedded train- threat, provides early warning, directs en- LCMRs already in the target acquisition ing capability that will replicate those situ- gagements and cues counter-fire systems platoon of the Fires battalion as the sense ations encountered in actual mission oper- and reaction forces. The C-RAM SoS has element, and add existing C-RAM warn- ation. Evolving software capabilities are been fielded to forward operating bases ing devices, controller, and dedicated com- added with each new version throughout (FOBs) in Iraq and Afghanistan. Sense and munications devices between the radars the FAAD C2 development cycle. The warn (S&W) performance has been ex- and the ADAM cell. IFPC Increment 1 ad- FAAD C2 system also has the capability to tremely successful, providing timely warn- ditional equipment (for example, speakers interface with joint and NATO C2 systems. ing for more than 2,000 rocket and mortar and masts) will warn localized affected ar- To accomplish its mission, FAAD C2 is in- attacks against C-RAM FOBs, with a mini- eas, and a wireless LAN, along with the tegrated into and interoperates with both mum of false warnings, saving countless FAAD C2 system, already existing in the the ABCS and AMDWS. The AMDWS is lives. In addition, intercept systems achieved BCT’s ADAM cell, will integrate the sen- integrated in FAAD C2-equipped battal- more than 160 successful intercepts of rock- sors and warning equipment, thus provid- ions at the ADA battery and battalion com- ets and mortar rounds fired at high-value ing real-time situational awareness and mand posts and is a product under the U.S. Forces-Iraq assets. Current, operational understanding. The Air and Missile De- AMDPCS program. The FAAD C2 engage- needs statement-based capability enhance- fense Workstation (AMDWS) is also or- ment operations subsystem provides the ments include an improved radar for detec- ganic to the BCT’s ADAM cell and will joint air picture via implementation of two- tion of high/low quadrant elevation (QE) pass the RAM events and data to the Battle way TADIL-A, -B and -J links. The FAAD threats, a mobile up-gun LPWS for im- Command/Mission Command Data Dis- C2 system is the backbone for the C-RAM proved mobility and extended range, inte- semination Service/Publish and Subscribe system and assists with digitization of the gration of military spectrum communica- Services (DDS/PASS) servers to provide battlefield by providing air situational tions, integration with unmanned aerial situational awareness and understanding awareness to the supported force, alerting systems (UAS) universal ground station at all BCT units/echelons. The IFPC Incre- and cueing to C-RAM systems and FAAD (UGS), and dynamic clearance of fires. Fol- ment 1 Capability Production Document weapons. The FAAD C2 system supports lowing the drawdown of efforts in Iraq, C- was approved in August 2010. C-RAM by receiving and correlating sensor RAM sense-and-warn assets began support- The Air and Missile Defense Planning inputs, then alerting the intercept system ing State Department and Office of Security and Control System (AMDPCS) provides and the sense and warn elements of a mor- Cooperation-Iraq (OSC-I) operations. At this command-and-control capability for air de- tar, artillery and/or rocket attack. The time, it is anticipated that the LPWS assets fense artillery (ADA) brigades, Army air FAAD C2’s ever-expanding mission en- in Iraq will be returned to the continental and missile defense commands (AAMDCs), compasses the detection, acquisition, and United States for reset/recap, upgraded to a and maneuver brigade combat team and identification of enemy mortar and rocket mobile up-gun configuration, and fielded to joint force command-and-control elements projectiles, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, an IFPC intercept battalion. such as the battlefield coordination detach- and unmanned aerial vehicles; the distrib- The IFPC is the Army’s acquisition pro- ments (BCDs). Shelter Systems-AMDPCS ution and dissemination of C2I data among gram for the transition of C-RAM SoS ca- provides various air defense shelter sys- the air and missile defense units and com- pability to the modular force and will pro- tems for all echelons built on a baseline bined arms elements; the provision of early vide an incremental fielding of all current known as the air defense and airspace man- warning; and alerting the supported forces.

332 ARMY I October 2012