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Biblical Chronology

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Biblical Chronology Sept 78 78 38 45 98 180 Aug 77 77 July 75 32 170 76 76 Jun Pentecost 75 75 181 Legion Legion May - th 27 Masada of Fall Matt28 - RISEN MINISTRY Marcus Marcus Aurelius 161 160 WEEK LAST 74 Apr 74 Passover Mar Matt 21 Matt 73 73 20 - Feb 150 66 77/103 90 72 72 MINISTRY Transfiguration Matt17 Pius Pius Jan Destruction Jerusalem of Destruction LATER PEREAN PEREAN LATER 33 71 71 161 Temple destroyed Temple - Dedication Dec Jerusalem occupied by the Roman 10 Roman the by Jerusalemoccupied 140 Titus to Jerusalem of Fall 135 79 - 70 Antoninus 138 70 - Nov GALBA OTHO VITELLIUS Matt16 VESPASIAN 69 MINISTRY 69 69 Oct CIVIL WAR CIVIL Tabernacles JUDEAN LATER AMUEL Second JewishSecond Revolt,132 S 130 68 FIRST FIRST 68 BEN Sept JEWISH REVOLT 87 4/64/67 104 Jude ? Jude Aug 70? 67 67 - HANNIAS 138 P 66 - 120 Peter II July 15 BEN Hadrian 117 - 66 66 I Peter I Florus Jun 66 - Pentecost ATTHIAS (or AD 67) AD (or HEOPHILUS 65 65 Revelation M T 65 Gessius PAUL Matt14 of the of TWELVE 110 Paul & Peter of Martyrdom 46 52 104 May SPECIAL TRAINING SPECIAL . 64 IITim 64 BEN Apr Albinus Albinus July July 19, 64 Passover 64 117 - AMALIEL - Burning of Rome ESUS Titus the Baptist the J G 63 63 63 Trajan 98 Mar Tim. I 100 John of Death I,II,III I,II,III John First First Christian Persecution Lucceius BEN 98 - 62 63 62 Feb - Nerva 96 AMNAEUS ESUS FINAL FINAL TRAVELS Release from Imprisonment from Release J D 62 Acts Phil. Jan 61 Acts 24.27 Acts 61 32 62 Phile. - 90 HABI OSEPH book J C 61 end of of end Col. Dedication Dec 60 Eph. 60 96 BEN - 28 - Domitian 81 Nov 61 Voyage to Rome to Voyage - FIRST ROMAN IMPRISONMENT HIABI 59 59 59 81 27 SMAEL 80 I P 59 PORTIUS FESTUS FESTUS PORTIUS - Publius Heb. ? Heb. Oct Tabernacles Acts Acts 28.7 Titus Titus 79 58 58 Governor of Malta 73 Sept - 79 26 - - 57 57 70 Vespasian 69 PAUL Aug 13 22 - Acts 25.13 CAESAREAN CAESAREAN IMPRISONMENT ) Arrest in Jerusalem in Arrest John Acts Acts 25:11 FirstJewish Revolt,66 56 56 July Acts 24.24 Acts Rom. 68 Matt4 - 3 3 mo Berenice Jun Cor. II 60 55 55 Corinth Pentecost NERO 54 68 - PARTICULARLY OF Particularly of of Particularly Cor. I Nero 54 May 54 54 (and sister 21 Ephesus - Apr THE GREAT GALILEAN MINISTRY 50 Passover of 53 53 2 2 years 3 months 19 THIRD THIRD MISSIONARY JOURNEY Mar 54 Luke ANTONIUS FELIX Drusilla) (wifeFELIX ANTONIUS 52 - Gallio 52 Achaia 52 Claudius 41 Acts Acts 18.12 Feb Pronconsul II Thess. II 40 41 51 - 51 Corinth Thess. I Jan 18 18 18 months 31 Caligula 37 - Cumanus Dedication 50 50 APOSTOLIC MINISTRY, MINISTRY, APOSTOLIC 16 Dec SECOND SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY 30 Council Jerusalem Temptation Ventidius EDEBAEUS 49 49 Nov 49 N 15 KING HEROD AGRIPPA HEROD AGRIPPA II KING Gal. Acts 18.2 Mark from Rome JESUS' JESUS' BEN PUBLIC PUBLIC Jews banished Oct Tabernacles 48 14 MINISTRY 48 - 59 - NANIAS 20 A 47 13 Sept 47 FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY to Jerusalem to 47 Paulus 46 46 ? 37 - Aug Visit Relief Famine Cyprus Tiberius 14 Tiberius Alexander Alexander Tiberius Acts Acts 13.7 James Proconsul Proconsul of 46 JESUS' PUBLIC MINISTRY 46 Sergius BEN Visit Visit to Temple, age12 July 10 Fadus 4 - Herod King of Chalcis 45 45 47 - Jun ANTHERAS LIONAEUS Pentecost E C 44 Judea again under Roman PROCURATORS Roman underagain Judea Cuspius Acts Acts 18.2 44 James of Martyrdom Matt3 44 12 Paul Antioch in Paul May Apr 43 43 BC AD BC Birth Birth of Jesus Passover 54 ANTHERUS - C Mar 42 42 Made part of Made part CLAUDIUS 41 44 - IMON the kingdomthe of S 41 Feb 10 41 THE SETTING OF THE NEW TESTAMENT 41 Matthew Jan 30 40 40 BEGINNING of CHRIST'S PUBLIC MINISTRY APOSTOLIC MINISTRY, A.D. A.D. 14 Dedication Gal.2:1 - Dec KING HEROD AGRIPPA HEROD AGRIPPA I KING NNAS 20 A 39 39 "fourteen years after" Nov BEN Caesar Augustus 27 B.C. Paul Tarsus in Paul 41 38 38 Oct Tabernacles - 11 41 - - 30 Marullus HEOPHILUS appointed king Acts 12 CALIGULA 37 4 4 B.C. T 37 - 37 37 10 Sept Herod the Great 37 Jerusalem to Visit First Paul's 33 Acts Acts 13.1 banished - Aug 36 36 Marcellus 37 nd Octavian Octavian (Augustus) Marcus Lepidus MarkAntony - 2 Triumvirate 43 40 Antigonus 40 9 July 35 35 44 - 8 Gal.1:18 and Arabia - Jun Julius Julius Caesar 49 attached to Syria Pentecost Paul in Damascus "after three years" 34 34 Conversion of Paul of Conversion 3.19,13.32,23.6 II Lk 50 Stephen of Martyrdom May Pompeius 33 Resurrection & Crucifixion 3.1, 23.1 33 ACTS 1 ACTS PHILIP | | PHILIP Apr Lk 53 3.1 : - Passover Hyrcanus 40 st Lk - 1 Triumvirate 60 Julius Caesar Marcus Crassus Gnaeus ANTIPAS ANTIPAS 32 32 John John 63 Mar : : 60 II AIAPHAS 31 C Trachonitis 31 Feb 63 Perea , - 37 60 BEN - - Aristobulus 67 Jan 30 30 509 29 37 TIBERIUS 14 - JUDEA: A Roman Province under PROCURATORS under Province Roman A JUDEA: PILATE PONTIUS Galilee, Batania 70 OSEPH ' Ministry ' Jeus Start of of Start J 18 67 Roman Republic - Dec 29 Salome 76 29 Start of John's Ministry John's of Start Nov 76 28 28 - 80 Oct Alexander Janaeus 103 Sept Aug Chronology and the Birth of Christ - When was He Born? The Julian Calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC. This was 708 A.U.C. (anno urbis conditae = from the foundation of the city [of Rome]). It was 365 days in length, with a leap year every 4th year. In AD 525 Pope John I commissioned the monk Dionysius to construct a Christian calendar. Dionysius determined that Christ was born Dec 25, 754 A.U.C, so that became AD 1. In the days of Pope Gregory XIII (c. 1580) the Julian calendar was reformed. The reform corrected two errors: 1) Since the solar year is actually 365.2425 days long rather than 365.25, the calendar had been gaining about 11 minutes per year, or about 3 days in 400 years. Thus in the new calendar, every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100; the centurial years that are exactly divisible by 400 are still leap years. For example, the year 1900 is not a leap year; the year 2000 is a leap year. 2) The Gregorian calendar also corrected for this loss by skipping 10 days in order to restore March 21 as the date of the vernal equinox. Eventually it was determined that Dionysius miscalculated his dates. Herod the Great died in 4 BC, thus Jesus was born earlier, not in 1 BC or AD 1. Josephus records that there was an eclipse of the moon shortly before Herod's death. It can be calculated that this eclipse happened on March 12/13, 4 BC Herod died before the Passover that year, the first day of which was April 11. Since the 34th year of his reign did not begin until Nisan 1 (March 29), his death would have occurred between March 29 and April 11, 4 BC Thus Jesus could not have been born later than Spring of 4 BC Decapolis [independent cities] Antipas [Galilee, Perea] Herod the Great Philip [Batania, Trachonitis] Governors of Judea Archelaus [Samaria, Judea, Idumea] Province of Judea 6 5 4 3 2 1BC AD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Varus unknown Gaius Caesar Saturninus Quirinius Governors of Syria Act 5:37 - After him Judas the Galilean rose up in the days of the census and drew away some of the people after him. He too perished, and all who followed him were scattered. 18 - Passover, April 11 April Passover, Census decree? Census Bethlehem to Travel Christ of Birth Egypt to flight Magi, of Visit Bethlehemin killed Toddlers Herod of Death 5 BC 12/13 March eclipse, Lunar 4 BC Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Herod year 32 Herod year 33 (Nisan calendar) 34 Other Chronological Issues Related to the Infancy Narratives Eight days after his birth, the infant was named Jesus. After the time had lapsed for Mary and Jesus’ purification, a length of 33 days (see Lev 12:24), they went to the temple to present Jesus to the Lord (Luke 2:21-24). When did the wisemen visit Jesus? 1) The wisemen visited after the birth of Jesus but before Herod’s death. This likely places their visit between the end of 5 BC and Herod’s death in April, 4 BC. 2) Herod’s paranoia was aroused by the wisemen. After their visit, God sent them home by a different route and sent the holy family south to Egypt to avoid Herod’s sword. There seems to be little room for delay between their visit and the exodus from Bethlehem. 3) The holy family visited the Temple for purification about a month after the birth (Luke 2:22), something that would be very unlikely if the wisemen had already visited them and raised Herod’s awareness. Thus the visit of the wisemen was probably in January or February of 4 BC.
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