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Katrina Cottages: the Value of Place and Permanence in a Post-Disaster Landscape" (2021)

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Katrina Cottages: the Value of Place and Permanence in a Post-Disaster Landscape Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 8-6-2021 Katrina Cottages: the value of place and permanence in a post- disaster landscape Matthew C. Hinton [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation Hinton, Matthew C., "Katrina Cottages: the value of place and permanence in a post-disaster landscape" (2021). Theses and Dissertations. 5246. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/5246 This Graduate Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Katrina Cottages: the value of place and permanence in a post-disaster landscape By TITLE PAGE Matthew C. Hinton Approved by: Cory Gallo (Major Professor/Graduate Coordinator) John Poros Jason B. Walker Scott Willard (Dean, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences) A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Landscape Architecture in Landscape Architecture in the Department of Landscape Architecture Mississippi State, Mississippi August 2021 Copyright by COPYRIGHT PAGE Matthew C. Hinton 2021 Name: Matthew C. Hinton ABSTRACT Date of Degree: August 6, 2021 Institution: Mississippi State University Major Field: Landscape Architecture Major Professor: Cory Gallo Title of Study: Katrina Cottages: the value of place and permanence in a post-disaster landscape Pages in Study: 173 Candidate for Degree of Master of Landscape Architecture Hurricane Katrina overwhelmed the government’s capacity to provide adequate long- term housing to disaster victims. In response, Congress created a pilot program to test the efficacy of permanent disaster housing prototypes known as “Katrina Cottages.” However, implementation was hindered by a lack of planning and local opposition. In Mississippi, residents feared adverse impacts to property values, citing poor design quality resembling manufactured mobile homes as a primary concern. Using standardized local tax appraisals, this study finds that Katrina Cottages are valued significantly higher than manufactured homes. It further reveals no significant difference between Katrina Cottages and single-family homes. It also suggests a strong relationship between value and smart growth design metrics, including density, walkability, and urban context. However, it shows that Mississippi Katrina Cottages are valued lower than those in Alabama and Louisiana. Furthermore, analysis of community demographics suggests Katrina Cottages may be less valuable in wealthy communities. DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my family and friends who have provided unwavering love and support throughout my life. I would like to start by thanking my mother and father for their patience and sacrifice over the years. Their devotion has inspired my pursuits and taught me the value of resilience. I would also like to thank my grandfather who has been the bedrock of our family. His steadfast support has made this possible. Finally, I would like to express my love and gratitude to those who are no longer with me, including my grandmothers, my grandfather, my aunt, and my dear friend. It is in their memories and honor that I continue my endeavors. I owe my success in life to those who have loved and encouraged me along the way. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the mentors, friends, and colleagues who have helped me reach this point. I would like to start by thanking my thesis committee members for providing invaluable insight and thoughtful suggestions that made this thesis meaningful. I would especially like to thank Cory Gallo for guiding me through this process and directing my focus when I strayed off course. His patience and dedication made this possible. I would also like to thank the entire faculty of the Mississippi State University Department of Landscape Architecture. The breadth of knowledge and perspectives I have received from the faculty at MSU has sharpened my interests and ensured my success. I would be remiss if I failed to acknowledge those friends, colleagues, and mentors who helped to guide my journey into planning and design. First, I would like to thank Doctor Amelia Fox, who encouraged me to pursue a post-graduate degree in community planning. Her love and support have made my career possible. I would also like to thank Cheryl Morgan, who inspired my passion for urban design through her work at the Auburn University Urban Studio. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the colleagues who have shaped my professional career, including Wade Burcham, Ashley Campbell, Jordan Hillman, Mayor Mike McMillan, Bruce Renkert, and the staff at the Mobile Bay National Estuary Program. Their passion and dedication to their communities exemplifies the power of planning and collaboration in driving positive change. For those who have invested themselves in me, I am truly grateful. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................1 Goal and Objectives ..........................................................................................................1 Scope of Study ...................................................................................................................2 Organization of Thesis ......................................................................................................2 II. LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................4 Catastrophic Disasters and the American Landscape ........................................................4 Accelerating Pace of Billion-Dollar Disasters ............................................................4 Cost of Billion-Dollar Disasters ..................................................................................7 Historic Atlantic Hurricane Season .............................................................................9 Billion-Dollar Tropical Cyclones ..............................................................................10 Climate Change Fueling Mass Migrations ................................................................12 Post-Disaster Recovery ...................................................................................................14 Recovery Timeline ....................................................................................................14 Barriers to Recovery ..................................................................................................15 Planning for Resilience ....................................................................................................17 Affordable Housing as Infrastructure ........................................................................19 Temporary Housing Isn’t Temporary ........................................................................20 Long-Term Disaster Housing ....................................................................................21 Smart Growth ............................................................................................................22 The Adequate Housing Pilot Program .............................................................................24 Federal Disaster Aid ..................................................................................................24 The Post-Katrina Housing Disaster ...........................................................................27 The Mississippi Renewal Forum ...............................................................................29 The Adequate Housing Pilot Program .......................................................................32 Implementation ..........................................................................................................33 iv Advantages of Prefabricated Housing .......................................................................34 Mississippi Cottages: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly .................................................36 The Good ...................................................................................................................36 The Bad .....................................................................................................................39 The Ugly ....................................................................................................................41 Cottage Square ...........................................................................................................44 The
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