WRITING URBANISM: a Design Reader
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Page 1 WRITING URBANISM Urban design continues to grow and mature as a field of study, research, and professional endeavour. This welcome collection of both invited and pub- lished essays is panoramically broad and comprehensive in its scope. Com- bining essays from both practice and academia, this volume includes some of the most significant texts on urban design from the last two decades, a period of transformational growth in the field and exponential growth in the metropolis. Writing Urbanism asks how cities can become more coherent, sustain- able, authentic, and equitable, as well as aesthetically compelling and cul- turally meaningful. The essays probe such issues as community, social equity, design theory, technology, and globalism. How does a rapidly urbanizing and polarizing world embrace these and other issues, and how can urban design translate them into consequential and workable urban form? By assembling a range of voices across different institutions and gener- ations, Writing Urbanism offers the most multifaceted portrait of urban design today. Scholars, students, and design professionals alike will find this collection to be a useful resource for understanding this increasingly important design field and for insights into the forces that shape the city itself. Douglas Kelbaugh F.A.I.A. is Dean and Professor of Architecture and Urban Planning at the University of Michigan Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning. He is a leading practitioner, teacher, and thinker in urban design, is the author of several books on urban design, and has taught design at eight schools of architecture in the USA, Europe, Japan, and Australia. Kit Krankel McCullough is a lecturer at the University of Michigan Taub- man College of Architecture and Urban Planning. She is Principal of Kit Krankel McCullough Urban Design, and has significant and broad experi- ence as a practitioner of urban design as well as having taught a variety of courses in urban design. 16:21:08:05:08 Page 1 Page 2 THE A.C.S.A. ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION SERIES The intent of the Architectural Education Series is to produce readers for use across the curriculum in architecture and design programs matching current lines of scholarly inquiry with curricular needs. Each reader focuses on a thematic topic and is composed of chapters presented originally at A.C.S.A. conferences along with invited chapters. Leading edge design work and scholarship are included to give faculty, students and professionals resources for the studio and classroom. SERIES EDITORIAL BOARD Michael Benedikt, University of Texas at Austin Luis Carranza, Roger Williams University Thomas Fisher, University of Minnesota Lisa Iwamoto, University of California at Berkeley Fernando Luiz Lara, University of Michigan John Stuart, Florida International University ABOUT A.C.S.A. The Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (A.C.S.A.) is a non- profit organization founded in 1912 to enhance the quality of architectural education. School membership in A.C.S.A. has grown from 10 charter schools to more than 200 schools in several membership categories world- wide. Through these schools, more than 5,000 architecture faculty members are represented in A.C.S.A.’s membership. A.C.S.A., unique in its repre- sentative role for professional schools of architecture in the United States and Canada, provides a major forum for ideas on the leading edge of archi- tectural thought. Issues that will affect the architectural profession in the future are being examined today in A.C.S.A. member schools. Additional information is available at www.acsa-arch.org. 16:21:08:05:08 Page 2 Page 3 WRITING URBANISM A design reader EDITED BY DOUGLAS KELBAUGH AND KIT KRANKEL McCULLOUGH 16:21:08:05:08 Page 3 Page 4 First published 2008 by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Simultaneously published in the UK by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2008 Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Writing urbanism : a design reader / edited by Douglas Kelbaugh & Kit Krankel McCullough. p. cm. – (The A.C.S.A. architectural education series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–415–77438–3 (hbk : alk. paper) – ISBN 978–0–415–77439–0 (pbk: alk. paper) – ISBN 978–0–203–92702–1 (ebk) 1. City planning–United States. I. Kelbaugh, Doug. II. McCullough, Kit Krankel. III. Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture. NA9105.W75 2008 307.1′2160973–dc22 2007047375 ISBN 0-203-92702-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN10: 0–415–77438–1 (hbk) ISBN10: 0–415–77439–X (pbk) ISBN10: 0–203–92702–8 (ebk) ISBN13: 978–0–415–77438–3 (hbk) ISBN13: 978–0–415–77439–0 (pbk) ISBN13: 978–0–203–92702–1 (ebk) 16:21:08:05:08 Page 4 Page 5 CONTENTS Notes on contributors ix Foreword xv Robert Fishman Preface xxi Douglas Kelbaugh and Kit Krankel McCullough Acknowledgments xxv I URBAN PROCESS 1 Introduction 3 Kit Krankel McCullough Observations The virtues of cities 6 Alex Krieger Working cities: Density, risk, spontaneity 12 J. Max Bond, Jr. Meaningful urban design: Teleological/catalytic/relevant 14 Aseem Inam Mathematics of the ideal roadtrip 24 Christopher Monson City walking: Laying claim to Manhattan 34 Ben Jacks Preservation, re-use, and sustainability Green Manhattan 45 David Owen Stewardship of the built environment: The emerging synergies from sustainability and historic preservation 57 Robert A. Young DROSS; Re-genesis of diverse matter 61 Lydia Kallipoliti The shared global ideology of the big and the green 69 David Gissen Community Levittown retrofitted: An urbanism beyond the property line 75 Teddy Cruz The mnemonic city: Duality, invisibility, and memory in American urbanism 80 Craig Evan Barton v 16:21:08:05:08 Page 5 Page 6 CONTENTS Mapping East Los Angeles: Aesthetics and cultural politics in an other L.A. 87 José Gámez Celebrating the city 96 Alan J. Plattus Skid Row, Los Angeles 98 Camilo José Vergara II URBAN FORM 103 Introduction: Further thoughts on the three urbanisms 105 Douglas Kelbaugh Everyday urbanism, landscape urbanism, and infrastructure Everyday urban design: Towards default urbanism and/or urbanism by design? 115 John Kaliski Without end: Mats, holes, and the promise of landscape urbanism 120 Karen M’Closkey Boston’s New Urban Ring: An antidote to urban fragmentation 127 George Thrush Infrastructure for the new social compact 138 William R. Morrish and Catherine R. Brown New urbanism Whatever happened to modernity? 155 Daniel Solomon The town of Seaside: Designed in 1978–1983 by Duany Plater-Zyberk & Co. 168 Andrés Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk The impact of ideology on American town planning 176 Tony Schuman and Elliott Sclar New Urbanism as a counter-project to post-industrialism 185 Ellen Dunham-Jones Integrating urbanisms: Growing places between New Urbanism and Post-Urbanism 194 Carl Giometti Post urbanism Rem Koolhaas’s writing on cities: Poetic perception and gnomic fantasy 203 William S. Saunders “Bigness” in context: Some regressive tendencies in Rem Koolhaas’ urban theory 220 Jorge Otero-Pailos vi 16:21:08:05:08 Page 6 Page 7 CONTENTS Habraken and Koolhaas: Two Dutchmen flying over Bijlmermeer 229 June P. Williamson Heterotopias and Urban Design 237 David Grahame Shane III URBAN SOCIETY 245 Introduction 247 Douglas Kelbaugh The public realm Big Brother is charging you 250 Michael Sorkin Communitas and the American public realm 254 Spiro Kostof Contesting the public realm: Struggles over public space in Los Angeles 271 Margaret Crawford Action space 281 Richard Scherr The inscription of “public” and “civic” realms in the contemporary city 291 Michael E. Gamble Globalism and local identity Zone 297 Keller Easterling Dis-assembling the urban: The variable interactions of spatial form and content 303 Saskia Sassen Tropical Lewis Mumford: The first critical regionalist urban planner 313 Liane Lefaivre and Alexander Tzonis The luxury of languor 324 Michael A. McClure and Ursula Emery McClure Technology Technoscience and environmental culture: A provisional critique 333 Kenneth Frampton Technology, place, and the nonmodern thesis 345 Steven A. Moore Immanent domain: Pervasive computing and the public realm 360 Dana Cuff City of dreams: Virtual space/public space 372 Eugenia Victoria Ellis Index 383 vii 16:21:08:05:08 Page 7 Page 8 16:21:08:05:08 Page 8 Page 9 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Craig Evan Barton is an associate professor of urban design and the Director of the Urban Studies Program at the University of Virginia. He is a founding principal of RBGC Associates. He investigates issues of cultural and historical preservation and their interpretation through architectural and urban design. He is the editor of the anthology Sites of Memory: Perspectives on Architecture and Race. J. Max Bond, Jr. is a partner at Davis Brody Bond in New York. He established the Architects Renewal Committee of Harlem, where he served as director. He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. He received the 2005 President’s Award from the A.I.A. New York Chapter for his commitment to design excellence, activism, and diversity in the profession.