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Geopolitics, Oil Law Reform, and Commodity Market Expectations
OKLAHOMA LAW REVIEW VOLUME 63 WINTER 2011 NUMBER 2 GEOPOLITICS, OIL LAW REFORM, AND COMMODITY MARKET EXPECTATIONS ROBERT BEJESKY * Table of Contents I. Introduction .................................... ........... 193 II. Geopolitics and Market Equilibrium . .............. 197 III. Historical U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East ................ 202 IV. Enter OPEC ..................................... ......... 210 V. Oil Industry Reform Planning for Iraq . ............... 215 VI. Occupation Announcements and Economics . ........... 228 VII. Iraq’s 2007 Oil and Gas Bill . .............. 237 VIII. Oil Price Surges . ............ 249 IX. Strategic Interests in Afghanistan . ................ 265 X. Conclusion ...................................... ......... 273 I. Introduction The 1973 oil supply shock elevated OPEC to world attention and ensconced it in the general consciousness as a confederacy that is potentially * M.A. Political Science (Michigan), M.A. Applied Economics (Michigan), LL.M. International Law (Georgetown). The author has taught international law courses for Cooley Law School and the Department of Political Science at the University of Michigan, American Government and Constitutional Law courses for Alma College, and business law courses at Central Michigan University and the University of Miami. 193 194 OKLAHOMA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 63:193 antithetical to global energy needs. From 1986 until mid-1999, prices generally fluctuated within a $10 to $20 per barrel band, but alarms sounded when market prices started hovering above $30. 1 In July 2001, Senator Arlen Specter addressed the Senate regarding the need to confront OPEC and urged President Bush to file an International Court of Justice case against the organization, on the basis that perceived antitrust violations were a breach of “general principles of law.” 2 Prices dipped initially, but began a precipitous rise in mid-March 2002. -
2003 Iraq War: Intelligence Or Political Failure?
2003 IRAQ WAR: INTELLIGENCE OR POLITICAL FAILURE? A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Dione Brunson, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. April, 2011 DISCLAIMER THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS ACADEMIC RESEARCH PAPER ARE THOSE OF THE AUTHOR AND DO NOT REFLECT THE OFFICIAL POLICIES OR POSITIONS OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OR THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY. ALL INFORMATION AND SOURCES FOR THIS PAPER WERE DRAWN FROM OPEN SOURCE MATERIALS. ii 2003 IRAQ WAR: INTELLIGENCE OR POLITICAL FAILURE? Dione Brunson, B.A. MALS Mentor: Ralph Nurnberger, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The bold U.S. decision to invade Iraq in 2003 was anchored in intelligence justifications that would later challenge U.S. credibility. Policymakers exhibited unusual bureaucratic and public dependencies on intelligence analysis, so much so that efforts were made to create supporting information. To better understand the amplification of intelligence, the use of data to justify invading Iraq will be explored alongside events leading up to the U.S.-led invasion in 2003. This paper will examine the use of intelligence to invade Iraq as well as broader implications for politicization. It will not examine the justness or ethics of going to war with Iraq but, conclude with the implications of abusing intelligence. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you God for continued wisdom. Thank you Dr. Nurnberger for your patience. iv DEDICATION This work is dedicated to Mom and Dad for their continued support. -
Neoconservative Propaganda Campaign Led to Iraq War Z
Neoconservative Propaganda Campaign Led to Iraq War Karen Kwiatkowski ( 2004/1/11 ) [ Document Starts on the Next Page. ] Key Words: Iraq, Neoconservative, Neocon, Description: insiders view of neoconservative manipulation of the pentagon Search the Card Catalog for other titles. Visit our Home page: zFacts.com This document is referred to by the following pages: What's behind the new U.S. global policy? This PDF = http://zfacts.com/metaPage/lib/Am-Conservative-2004-Neocons-Iraq-War.pdf Problems? Try right clicking links. Former Pentagon Insider : 'Neoconservative Propaganda C... http://www.truthout.org/docs_04/printer_011204C.shtml Go to Original Former Pentagon Insider: 'Neoconservative Propaganda Campaign Led to Iraq War' By Karen Kwiatkowski The American Conservative January 19th Issue Lt. Col. Karen Kwiatkowski, a former Pentagon insider, concludes her observations on the run-up to the Iraq war in this last of a three-part series. As the winter of 2002 approached, I was increasingly amazed at the success of the propaganda campaign being waged by President Bush, Vice President Cheney, and neoconservative mouthpieces at the Washington Times and Wall Street Journal. I speculated about the necessity but unlikelihood of a Phil-Dick-style minority report on the grandiose Feith-Wolfowitz-Rumsfeld-Cheney vision of some future Middle East where peace, love, and democracy are brought about by pre-emptive war and military occupation. In December, I requested an acceleration of my retirement after just over 20 years on duty and exactly the required three years of time-in-grade as a lieutenant colonel. I felt fortunate not to have being fired or court-martialed due to my politically incorrect ways in the previous two years as a real conservative in a neoconservative Office of Secretary of Defense. -
Domestic Investigation Into Participation of Polish
XXXI POLISH YEARBOOK OF IN TER NA TIO NAL LAW 2011 PL ISSN 0554-498X Adam Bodnar, Irmina Pacho* DOMESTIC INVESTIGATION INTO PARTICIPATION OF POLISH OFFICIALS IN THE CIA EXTRAORDINARY RENDITION PROGRAM AND THE STATE RESPONSIBILITY UNDER THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Abstract Poland has been accused of participation in the extraordinary rendition program established by the United States after the September 11, 2001 attacks. It is believed that a secret CIA detention facility operated on the Polish territory, where terrorist suspects were transferred, detained and interrogated with the use of torture. Currently, Poland has found itself in a unique situation, since, unlike in other countries, criminal investigation into renditions and human right violations is still pending. Serious doubts have arisen, however, as to the diligence of the proceedings. The case was incomprehen- sibly prolonged by shifting the investigation to diff erent prosecutors. Its proper conduct was hindered due to state secrecy and national security provisions, which have covered the entire investigation from the beginning. This article argues that Polish judicial au- thorities, along with the government, should undertake all actions aiming at explaining the truth about extraordinary rendition and seeking accountability for human rights infringement. Otherwise, Poland may face legal responsibility for violating the European Convention on Human Rights. This scenario becomes very probable, since one of the * Adam Bodnar, Ph.D., is the Vice-president of the Board and head of the le- gal department of the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights, Warsaw; he is also an as- sociate professor in the Human Rights Chair of the Faculty of Law, Warsaw University. -
Autumn Brings Music Medley Enjoy Piano, Clarinet from Through- out the Region
F R O S T B U R G S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y StateLineswww.frostburg.edu/news/statelines.htm For and about FSU people A publication of the FSU Division of Communications and Media Relations Volume 38, Number 6, Oct. 1, 2007 Copy deadline: noon Wednesday, 228 Hitchins or [email protected] Autumn Brings Music Medley Enjoy Piano, Clarinet from through- out the region. During Free Concert Under the The Department of Music presents exuberant baton Karen Soderberg-Sarnaker, mezzo- of music soprano, and clarinetist Mark Gallagher director and in concert, accompanied by Betty Jane conductor Elizabeth The Maryland Symphony Orchestra returns to Western Phillips on piano, on Sunday, Oct. 7, at Maryland for its annual fall concert Oct. 12 at FSU’s 3 p.m. in the Performing Arts Center Schulze, the Performing Arts Center. Faculty members Karen Pealer Recital Hall. Maryland Soderberg-Sarnaker and Mark Gallagher, at left, dazzle Soderberg-Sarnaker is the chair of the Symphony Department of Music and the director of Orchestra will audiences with vocals, clarinet and piano on Oct. 7. Vocal and Choral Activities at FSU. She perform its is active as an adjudicator, clinician, much-anticipated annual fall concert at soloist and guest conductor throughout 8 p.m. Friday, Oct. 12, in Frostburg State Theatre the region. Clarinetist Mark Gallagher is University’s Performing Arts Center’s actively involved as a solo performer Pealer Recital Hall. The performance Showbiz Satire Opens throughout the United States and features guest artist and virtuoso pianist Europe. -
We Tortured Some Folks’ the Wait for Truth, Remedy and Accountability Continues As Redaction Issue Delays Release of Senate Report on Cia Detentions
USA ‘WE TORTURED SOME FOLKS’ THE WAIT FOR TRUTH, REMEDY AND ACCOUNTABILITY CONTINUES AS REDACTION ISSUE DELAYS RELEASE OF SENATE REPORT ON CIA DETENTIONS Amnesty International Publications First published in September 2014 by Amnesty International Publications International Secretariat Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom www.amnesty.org Copyright Amnesty International Publications 2014 Index: AMR 51/046/2014 Original Language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publishers. Amnesty International is a global movement of 3 million people in more than 150 countries and territories, who campaign on human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments. We research, campaign, advocate and mobilize to end abuses of human rights. Amnesty International is independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion. Our work is largely financed by contributions from our membership and donations Table of contents ‘We tortured some folks’ ................................................................................................ 1 ‘I understand why it happened’ ...................................................................................... -
The Wizards of Ozymandias.Pdf
The Wizards of Ozymandias The Wizards of Ozymandias Refl ections on the Decline and Fall B UTLER SHAFFER MISES INSTITUTE AUBURN, ALABAMA Copyright © 2012 Butler Shaff er. Permission to reprint in whole or in part is gladly granted, provided full credit is given. Published by the Ludwig von Mises Institute 518 West Magnolia Avenue Auburn, Alabama 36832 mises.org ISBN: 978-1-610160-252-4 Dedication To the memory and spirit of Sophie and Hans Scholl and the White Rose, who reminded us what it means to be civilized. Table of Contents Preface. ix Ozymandias . xiii Introduction. .xv 1. On the Decline and Fall. 1 2. Th e Life and Death of Civilizations . .11 3. Consuming Our Capital . .23 4. A World Too Complex to be Managed . .33 5. Th e Common Good = Collectivism . .37 6. Th e Dysfunctional Society . .43 7. Th e Silence of Institutions. .49 8. Law as “Reason” or as “Violence”? . .53 9. Lest We Forget . .59 10. We’re Going Away!. .63 11. Fighting for Freedom. .69 12. Orwell Lives!. .73 13. Th e Siege of San Francisco . .75 14. Suicide and the Insanity of War . .79 15. Vonnegut on War . .83 16. How We Lost Our Souls . .85 17. Th e Wee Ones Revisited . .89 18. Resisting the Deadly Virus . .91 19. Structuring the Instruments of Expansion. .97 vii viii · Th e Wizards of Ozymandias 20. Why TSA, Wars, State Defi ned Diets, Seat-Belt Laws, the War on Drugs, Police Brutality, and Eff orts to Control the Internet, are Essential to the State . -
Application No. 28761/11 Abd Al Rahim Hussayn Muhammad AL NASHIRI Against Poland Lodged on 6 May 2011
FOURTH SECTION Application no. 28761/11 Abd Al Rahim Hussayn Muhammad AL NASHIRI against Poland lodged on 6 May 2011 STATEMENT OF FACTS 1. The applicant, Mr Abd Al Rahim Hussayn Muhammad Al Nashiri, is a Saudi Arabian national of Yemeni descent, who was born in 1965. He is currently detained in the Internment Facility at the US Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba. The applicant is represented before the Court by Mr J.A. Goldston, attorney, member of the New York Bar and Executive Director of the Open Society Justice Initiative (“the OSJI”), Mr R. Skilbeck, barrister, member of the England and Wales Bar and Litigation Director of the OSJI, Ms A. Singh, attorney, member of the New York Bar and Senior Legal Officer at the OSJI, and also by Ms N. Hollander, attorney, member of the New Mexico Bar. A. Background 1. USS Cole bombing in 2000 2. On 12 October 2000 a suicide terrorist attack on the United States Navy destroyer USS Cole took place in Aden, Yemen when the ship stopped in the Aden harbour for refuelling. It was attacked by a small bomb- laden boat. The explosion opened a 40 foot hole in the warship, killing 17 American sailors and injuring 40 personnel. The applicant, considered to have been one of the most senior figures in al’Qaeda, has been the prime suspect in the 2000 bombing. He has been suspected of masterminding and orchestrating the attack (see also paragraph 55 below). 2 AL NASHIRI v. POLAND – STATEMENT OF FACTS AND QUESTIONS 2. MV Limburg bombing 3. -
The American Invasion of Iraq: Causes and Consequences
Raymond Hinnebusch THE AMERICAN INVASION OF IRAQ: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES Raymond HINNEBUSCH* As the Middle East has become the centerpiece of its drive for global hegemony, America’s de-stabilizing impact on the region has deepened; equally, the reaction from the Middle East to US policy carries important consequences for US hegemony globally. The Iraq war is the pivotal event around which these developments centre. Explaining the US Invasion of Iraq The invasion of Iraq can only be properly understood by bringing together three levels of analysis: 1) US global grand strategy 2) the US strategic position in the Middle East; and 3) the interests of Bush's ruling coalition. Understanding the Iraq war, in turn, exposes the inner mainsprings of US Middle East policy and the region's pivotal role in overall US global strategy. US Global Grand Strategy and the Middle East The starting point for understanding the invasion of Iraq is the grand strategy of the US under Bush to undertake a coercive assertion of global hegemony. The Project for a New American Century frankly acknowledges this reach for hegemony. The Bush doctrine and the 2002 National Security Strategy, formulated in response to the 9/11 attacks, make explicit the coercive turn: the call for "full spectrum dominance;" the strategy of dealing with resistance to the US not simply through traditional containment, but via "preventive wars;" the resort to unilaterialism, with ad-hoc "coalitions of the willing;" the view that states not with the US in the war on terrorism are against it; and the claim that only the US liberal model is legitimate, with sovereignty exempting no nation from the demand that it conform. -
Exhibits Attached to Arguments on Admissibility, Declaration of Mohammed Abdullah Saleh Al-Asad, and Declaration of Zahra Ahmed Mohamed
BEFORE THE AFRICAN COMMISSION FOR HUMAN & PEOPLES’ RIGHTS 49th ORDINARY SESSION: APRIL-MAY 2011 COMMUNICATION NO. 383/2010 In the matter between: MOHAMMED ABDULLAH SALEH AL-ASAD and DJIBOUTI EXHIBITS ATTACHED TO ARGUMENTS ON ADMISSIBILITY, DECLARATION OF MOHAMMED ABDULLAH SALEH AL-ASAD, AND DECLARATION OF ZAHRA AHMED MOHAMED EXHIBITS The United Republic of Tanzania Departure Declaration Card, 27 December 2003…….A Center for Human Rights and Global Justice, On the Record: U.S. Disclosures on Rendition, Secret Detention, and Coercive Interrogation (New York: NYU School of Law, 2008)………………………………………………………………………………..B Letter to the Attorney General of Djibouti, 31 March 2009…….….…..…….…….….…C United Nations Human Rights Council, 13th Session, Joint Study on Global Practices in Relation to Secret Detention in the Context of Countering Terrorism, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/13/42 (19 February 2010)………………………………………………………. D Republic v. Director of Immigration Services, ex parte Mohammed al-Asad (Habeas Corpus petition), High Court of Tanzania, 17 June 2004………………………………...E Amnesty International, United States of America: Below the radar- Secret flights to torture and ‘disappearance,’ 5 April 2006……………………………………………….F Prepared Remarks of Treasury Secretary John Snow to Announce Joint U.S. and Saudi Action Against Four Branches of Al-Haramain in the Financial War on Terror, JS-1107, 22 January 2004…………………………………………………………………………..G Henry Lyimo, Guardian (Dar es Salaam), Yemenis, Italians Expelled, 30 December 2003…………………………………………………………………………………...….H Roderick Ndomba, Daily News (Dar es Salaam), Dar Deports 2,367 Aliens, 30 December 2003……...……………………………..………………………………………………….I International Committee of the Red Cross, ICRC Report on the Treatment of Fourteen “High Value Detainees” in CIA Custody, 2007…………………………..……….……...J International Seismological Centre Earthquake Data…………………………………….K U.S. -
Iraq War Documentaries in the Online Public Sphere
Embedded Online: Iraq War Documentaries in the Online Public Sphere Eileen Culloty, MA This thesis is submitted to Dublin City University for the award of PhD in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Dublin City University School of Communications Supervisor: Dr. Pat Brereton September 2014 I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of Doctor of Philosophy is entirely my own work, that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge breach any law of copyright, and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Signed: ___________ ID No.: ___________ Date: _________ ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the memory of Martin Culloty. … I go back beyond the old man Mind and body broken To find the unbroken man. It is the moment before the dance begins. Your lips are enjoying themselves Whistling an air. Whatever happens or cannot happen In the time I have to spare I see you dancing father Brendan Kennelly (1990) ‘I See You Dancing Father’ iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ viii ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................... -
CIA Torture Unredacted: Chapter
APPENDIX 1 CHAPTER 1 UNREDACTING CIA TORTURE CHAPTER 1: CHAPTER 1 UNREDACTING CIA TORTURE CHAPTER 2 Much has been written about the CIA torture programme, and its broad contours are now well understood. Referred to by the CIA as the Rendition, Detention and Interrogation (RDI) pro- gramme, it ran from September 2001 until January 2009, and formed a central plank of the Bush administration’s ‘War on Terror’. It was global in scope, and shocking in its depravity, representing one of the most profoundly disturbing episodes of recent US and allied foreign policy. The pro- gramme resulted in multiple violations of domestic and international law, encompassing a global network of kidnap operations, indefinite secret detention at numerous locations, and the sys- CONCLUSION tematic use of brutal interrogation techniques which clearly amounted to torture. As part of the programme, scores of terror suspects were swept up by the CIA in the months and years after 9/11, with capture operations taking place across Europe, Africa, the Caucasus, the Middle East, and Central, South and Southeast Asia. Foreign security forces often played a role in the capture, either jointly with the CIA or acting on the basis of US and allied intelligence. Prisoners were held for days or weeks in foreign custody, and were often interrogated under torture. CIA officials were present during many of these interrogations. For example, Majid al- APPENDIX 1 Maghrebi (#91) was held in Pakistani custody for several weeks before his transfer to a CIA prison in Afghanistan. Throughout this period, he was interrogated and tortured repeatedly, including many times via electric shocks until he lost consciousness, as well as beatings (including with a leather whip) and the use of stress positions and positional torture (including tying him to a frame and ‘stretching’ him).