I ’-, <, . . . ..:,’, BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 18
THE MUSCIDAE OF CALIFORNIA Exclusive of Subfamilies Muscinae and Stomoxyinae
BY H. C. HUCKETT
UNIVERSIN OF CALIFORNIA PRESS THE MUSCIDAE OF CALIFORNIA Exclusive of Subfamilies Muscinae and Stomoxyinae BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 18
THE MUSCIDAE OF CALIFORNIA Exclusive of Subfamilies Muscinae and Stomoxyinae
BY H. C. HUCKETT (Long Island Vegetable Research Farm, Riverhead, New York)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY LOS ANGELES LONDON BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY
Advisory Editors: H. V. Daly, J. A. Powell, J. N. Belkin, R. M. Bohart, R. L. Doutt, D. P. Furman, J. D. Pinto, E. I. Schlinger, R. W. Thorp
VOLUME 18
Approved for publication September 21, 1973
Issued May 2, 1975
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS, LTD. LONDON, ENGLAND
ISBN: 0-520-09508-1 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 73-620214
01975 By The Regents of the University of California Printed by Offset in the United States of America THE MUSCIDAE OF CALIFORNIA Exclusive of Subfamilies Muscinae and Stomoxyinae
BY H. C. HUCKETT
INTRODUCTION
The following review of the Muscidae of California 12:2). However, it was decided to present the data was carried on concurrently with the recent survey more briefly for this volume, as follows. For of the family Anthomyiidae (Bull. Calif. Insect species with about 30 records or fewer, full data Surv., Vol. 12), to which the Muscidae are closely are given, sometimes supplemented by a map. For linked. The richness of the muscid fauna in Cali- species with more records, no raw data are given. fornia was much in evidence as indicated by the A statement summarizing biogeographical and sea- abundance of material made available for study. sonal patterns and usually a map of localities are Eldridge and James (1957) have already discussed provided. (Sometimes reference to a map of a re- the species belonging to the subfamilies Muscinae lated species with similar distribution suffices.) and S t omoxyinae , All maps and the seasonal geographical summaries The writer wishes to acknowledge his indebted- in this bulletin have been prepared by J. A. ness to those in charge of these collections for Powell, University of California, Berkeley. The assistance and cooperation, without which this sur- original data from specimens representing those vey would have been inordinately curtailed. The species for which data are not given in the text names of institutions and individuals that are on file with the California Insect Survey, have permitted the use of their material in this University of California, Berkeley, and can be made manner have been referred to in the text by abbre- available on request . viations already explained in the survey series The name Muscidae for the family as here treat- dealing with the Anthomyiidae of California ed supplants in part the name Anthomyiidae sens. (Nuckett , 1971). Zat. (Aldrich, 1905; Stein, 1907, 1919; Malloch, It was originally planned to treat collection 1918, 1920) and is restricted to those species data for the muscids in the same form as was done that are mentioned in which the wing vein 1st A + for the Anthomyiidae (see Bull. Calif. Insect Surv. Cuz (sixth long vein) in the imago or adult is ob-
1 2 BuLZetin of the California Insect Survey
solescent or disappears before reaching the wing es, sedges, and herbage found in the locality, par- margin, as distinct from its continuity in the fam- ticularly that surrounding ponds and lakes, in swamps ily Anthomyiidae (Roback, 1951; Hennig, 1965; Stone or along coasts. Adults are known to be preda- et al., 1965). In this sense the family Muscidae ceous on nematocerous flies or even larger Diptera is strictly limited as apart from its adoption to as in the case of Coenosia tigrina (Fabricius). include both categories (Curran, 1934; SGguy, 1937; Larvae are recorded as living in humid soil in Malloch, 1921 as Muscaridae; Van Emden 1941; such areas, feeding on organic matter, or are zoo- Ringdahl, 1954; Huckett, 1965). Cole and Schlinger phagous. (19691, in their comprehensive treatise on the flies Adults of the genera Lispe, Lispaides, Spilo- of western North America, have classified the vari- gom, and Limophora are regarded as riparian in ous scatophagid, anthomyiid, and muscid aggregates their proclivities, frequenting rocks and vegeta- under the names Scatophagidae, Anthomyiidae, and tion beside streams, lakes, ponds, and rivers. A Muscidae respectively, retaining the latter name few are known to inhabit locations along the coast. for the concept of the family as adopted in large In many instances adults have been found to be pre- measure by Aldrich (1905) and Williston (1908), and daceous on nematocerous flies, and the larvae to in a more restricted sense by Brues, Melander, and be aquatic or semiaquatic, living in moss and algae Carpenter (1954). The Anthomyiidae and Muscidae may and pupating in the watery subsoil or shallows. both be separated from the remaining families of The genus Gymnodia in contrast is mainly copropha- Muscoidea by the absence of hypopleural bristles. gous; the adults frequent poultry yards and the The present survey of the Muscidae records the excrement of animals and man for purposes of ovi- presence of 36 genera, 7 subgenera, and 248'species position and larval nourishment. and subspecies. Species included in keys and text Species belonging to the subfamily Mydaeinae that are not recognized as occurring in California commonly occur in fields and woodlands where humid- have been marked with an asterisk. These have been ity is sustained and in habitats that range from mentioned because they may be found later to occur lowlands to boreal in nature. Adults are known to within the state. occur on the trunks and foliage of shrubs and trees where they feed on the sap or on the exudation from BIOLOGY aphids, on the developing flowers, or on the forest With few exceptions, the life histories of the nu- floor whilst seeking sites for oviposition. Lar- merous species comprising the family, as here de- vae are recorded as saprophagous, having been rear- limited, are little known. Few, if any, have become ed from fungi, rotting wood, or decomposed vegeta- commercially harmful to agricultural crops in Cali- tion, and as being coprophagous, developing in the fornia. Certain species, notably in the adult later instars to become zoophagous. The larvae of stage, may be considered on occasion to be a nui- Myospila meditabwlda (Fabricius) have been reared sance to man and beast by their annoying attention, from the dung of sheep, horses, and cattle, and e.g., Hydrotaea meteorica (Linnaeus) , Fannia benja- from the feces of human beings. mini Malloch, whilst others are a hazard to public Adults of the Fanniinae are often seen hovering health due to their breeding under conditions un- or dancing under branches or the shade of trees, sanitary to man and for being vectors of pathogenic in garden or woods. They are known to feed on the organisms, e.g., Fannia scalaris (Fabricius), F. sap of plants and the exudation of aphid colonies, canicukwis (Linnaeus) , Mmcina stabulans (Fallkn) . and are frequently met with on the flowers of Com- Adults of the subfamily Coenosiinae are generally positae and Umbelliferae. Adults of Fannia benja- regarded as inhabitants of grasses and related mini have been known, on occasion, to cause con- plants, and they may be taken by sweeping the grass- siderable annoyance to human beings by persistent- Huckett: The Muscidae of California 3 ly flying around the face seeking to alight to feed pings of animals. The larvae of Pseudophaonia are on perspiration and the secretions of eyes, ears, regarded as coprophagous. Adults of Dendrophaonia lips, and nostrils. Adults of F. eanicutaris are are found often on tree trunks, and are known to recorded as frequenting buildings for domestic feed on the exuding sap. Larvae have been bred from animals and for human habitation. Larvae breed in loose bark and the decayed trunks of trees; also in a wide variety of habitats and media, including the case of D. querceti (Bouchg) from the dung of several species of fungi and the decay and litter horses, excrement of humans, and from the nests of on the forest floor, from plant and animal matter hornets, bats and various birds. Adults belonging as old stumps and trunks of fallen trees, from to the genus Phaonia 68116. str. are mostly inhabi- dead insects, dead snails and vertebrates, the de- tants of forests and woods, being seen frequently tritus from nests of birds and certain rodents and on trunks of trees, on forest litter, the blossoms squirrels, and the decaying organic matter in nests of- flowers and shrubs, and occasionally beside beds of wasps and bees. Larvae also breed on the excre- of moss. Larvae have been bred from fungi, Boletus, ment and manure of domestic animals, from the excre- AhZ’Laria, PoZypomcs, droppings of animals, decay- ta found in cesspools and latrines, and from human ed or rotting wood, and the bark of fallen or stand- feces. Larvae of Fannia scakzris and F. ~ranirmkds ing trees. In the last group mentioned, larvae be- have been recognized as incidentally involved in longing to the harti-group have been found to be cases of myiasis in man. predaceous on other insects, including larvae of The habits of the Phaoniinae also vary and dif- Dendroctonus monticolae Hopkins, and are regarded fer widely. Adults of certain species of Hydpotaea as capable of subsisting also on the sap of trees. are known to possess the hovering or dancing flight The species P. tipuzivora Malloch has been reared of certain species of Fannia, and also to be an from a tipulid pupa found in Maryland, and several annoyance to man and cattle in their attempts to European species belonging to the genus have been alight on the face for nourishment. Larvae have recorded as probably carnivorous in the larval bred on manure, feces of domestic animals (herbi- stage. The genus Muscina, as exemplified by the vores) and man, and nests of birds and of squirrels. species M. ass-h$ZiS (Fallen) and M. stabulans, They are regarded as saprophytic and zoophagous. are in part saprophagous, copraphagous, and zo- Larvae of Hydrotcsea rneteorica are recorded as being ophagus, larvae having been bred from a wide incidentally involved in cases of myiasis in man variety of media, notably decomposing vegetable and and dysentery in children. Adults of the genus animal matter in dumps and field, and from animal Ophym frequent dumps containing animal or vegetable excrement. Adults of stabutm are known to fre- refuse to oviposit. The larvae breed in such loca- quent buildings for animals and man to gain shelter, tions and are considered to be scavengers. Larvae for purposes of oviposition, and in search of food of 0. leucostoma (Wiedemann) have also been reared and are thus capable of becoming agents for the from corpses and the dung of animals, from cesspools, transfer and the incidence of disease in man, in- dead grasshoppers, and the nests of birds, and the cluding intestinal myiases. larvae of 0. aenescem (Wiedemann) from decaying meat. Species belonging to the genera Pogonomyia, Eupogonomyia, Lasiops, and Pseuhphaonia are mainly alpine or boreo-alpine in their distribution. A- dults are met with on the foliage of conifers and on the blossoms of the various alpine flora. Adults of Alloeosty lus diaphanus (Wiedemann) are recorded also as occurring on the trunks of trees and on the drop- SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT
KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF MUSCIDAE IN CALIFORNIA Two or more pairs of presutural dorso- 1. Anal vein 2nd A (seventh long vein) cur- central bristles present, anterior ved around apex of vein Cu.2 + 1st A pair more than half the length of (sixth long vein), and so directed as posterior pair ...... 5 to cross or meet the course of Cu.2 + 5. Sternopleural bristles typically ar- 1st A if extended to wing margin . . ranged in form of an equilateral Fanniinae triangle, or nearly so ...... Anal vein not so curved nor directed Coenosiinae p. p. across the course of vein Cu.2 + Sternopleural bristles not arrnaged 1st A ...... 2 as an equilateral triangle . . . 6 2. Vein Cu.2 + 1st A (sixth long vein) 6. Proboscis strongly chitinized and continuous or traceable to wing stout basad, tapering and slender margin , ...... Family Anthomyiidae as if for piercing, labellum atro- Vein Cu. 2 + 1st A not continuous nor phied, arista plumose above and bare traceable to wing margin . . . . . 3 or nearly so below . . . . . Stomoxyinae 3. Pteropleura with a loose assemblage of Proboscis not formed as above, label- hairs near center above the caudal lum functional and expanded, arista sternopleural bristle, palpi conspic- of nearly similar character above uously dilated, frons in both sexes and below ...... , . . . . . 7 about one third maximum width of head 7. Lower scale of calyptrae enlarged mesad and without cruciate bristles . Lispinae so as to impinge at base of scutellum, Pteropleura without hairs, or if pre- caudal margin transverse (exception sent the palpi not conspicuously di- P&cia pabulorum Fall&) . . Muscinae lated and/or frons in male not one Lower scale of calyptrae not enlarged third width of head ...... 4 so as to impinge at base of scutellum, 4. One pair of presutural dorsocentral caudal margin usually semicircular . 8 bristles present, frons in both 8. Hind tibia withoug posterodorsal bristles, sexes sinrilarly broad and similarly or if present usually restricted to bristled, and with one pair of re- proximal half of tibia (exception current paraorbital bristles, lower HeZina spurk Malloch) ...... 9 stigmata1 bristle usually curved Hind tibia with one or more postero- downward (fig. 15), if two pairs of dorsal bristles, usually not restrict- presutural dorsocentral bristles pre- ed to proximal half of tibia (ex- sent the anterior pair shorter than ception Hydrotaea armipes Fall&) . half the length of posterior pair . Phaoniinae Coenosiinae p. p. 9. Prealar bristle and cruciate bristles 4 Huckett: The Muscidae of California 5
absent, abdominal marks when present of a point on costa opposite r-m cross- usually subtriangular, trapezoidal, vein...... 8 subquadrate or arcuate, not as only Fore femur with only one or two distal paired spotlike marks or a median postroventral bristles, mesonotum with stripe , ...... Linmophorinae weak presutural dorsocentral bristles, Species without the above combination shorter than the posterior notopleural of characters ...... Mydaeinae bristle, eyes oblong in outline, the width well maintained ventrad, costal Subfamily COENOSIINAE cell enlarged, humeral cross-vein long- er than r-rn cross-vein and subcosta KEY TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA IN CALIFORNIA uniting with costa at a point opposite 1. Aristal hairs pectinate, longer than r-m cross-vein . . . . Atherigona Rondani width of third antennal segment, pro- 8. Arista thickened throughout the proxi- frons with hairs . . . . Pentacricia Stein mal third, dorsum of second antennal Aristal hairs shorter than width of segment markedly depressed or flatten- third antennal segment, profrons ed proximad , ...... Tetramerim Berg without hairs , ...... 2 Aristal swelling confined to base, 2. Mesonotum with one pair of presutural second antennal segment not depress- dorsocentral bristles, if a second ed on dorsum, normal ...... 9 pair is indicated such bristles are 9. Frons with 2 pairs of recurrent paraorbi- scarcely longer than one-third the tal bristles, the anterior pair set length of the stronger pair . . . . . 3 about half way between the verticals Mesonotum with two pairs of presutural and the anterior parafrontal bristles, dorsocentral bristles, the shorter with usually 2 pairs of incurving being more than half the length of parafrontals (fig. 3.) ...... the longer pair ...... 7 Lispocephaki Robineau-Desvoidy 3. Frontal vitta at a level with the anteri- Frons with or without recurrent para- or ocellus as wide or wider than its orbital bristles, when present the length from anterior ocellus to anteri- anterior or only pair present set near or margin, mid tibia with an antero- a level with the anterior ocellus or ventral bristle , . . Schoenomyza Haliday much nearer to the verticals than to Frontal vitta longer than wide, or if the anterior pair of parafrontals, as wide as long mid tibia without an with 3 or 4 pairs of incurving para- anteroventral bristle ...... 4 frontal bristles (fig. 6.) . . . . . 10 4. Hind femur with a preapical bristle on 10. Hind tibia with usually one anteroventral posterior plane or surface, fig. 19 . bristle, seldom none, and with one Neodexiopsis Malloch anterodorsal . . . Macrorchis Rondani Hind femur without a preapical posterior Hind tibia with usually 2 or more bristle (fig. 20) ...... 5 anteroventral and/or 2 or more antero- 5. Hind tibia with two adjacent bristles dorsal bristles ...... , . 11 at middle, situated respectively on 11. Frontal vitta at a level with anterior anterior and anterodorsal surfaces, ocellus as wide in both sexes as the middle sector of anteroventral surface distance between the first pair of without a bristle, fore tibia with a dorsocentral bristles, frontal triangle strong apical mid ventral bristle . . densely silvery in the male and Coenosia Meigen witish pruinescent in the female, ex- Hind tibia without a lengthy anterior tending cephalad to the base of an- bristle adjacent mid anterodorsal, tennae ...... Limnospih Schnabl* usually with an anteroventral bristle . 6 Frontal vitta so, narrower in both 6. Lower calyptral scale usually much larger sexes than the distance between the than the upper and protruding around first pair of dorsocentral bristles, the margin of the upper scale (ex- frontal triangle not silvery nor ception L. maculiventris) ...... whitish pruinescent and does not ex- Limosia Robineau-Desvoidy tend to the base of antennae . . . . Lower calyptral scale not much larger Pseudocoenosia Stein than the upper, at most not reaching beyond the tips of hairs on margin of Genus Schoenomyza Hal iday upper Rondani scale . . . . . Hoplogaster SchoenMyza Haliday, 1833, Entomol. Mag., 1:166. Fore femur with an extensive series of 7. Type-species: Schmyaa faskata Meigen, by posteroventral bristles, mesonotum subsequent designation of Westwood 1840 (= Qchti- with one or two pairs of presutural phiZa Zitore 2 Za Fallkn 1823) dorsocentral bristles as long as the posterior notopleural, eyes hemis- The genus Schoenomyza includes a few diminu- pherical in outline, narrower ventrad tive dark gray or brown species of acalyptrate than at middle, costal cell normal, subcosta uniting with costa proximad semblance. The flies occur chiefly on grasses 6 Bulletin of the California Insect Swlvey and herbage common to swamps, around ponds and lakes, and along the seashore. The frons of the adult is usually as broad as long, wider in dorsa- lis and titorella, with l or 2 pairs of parafron- tal bristles, in addition to the paraorbital pair, antennae porrect, mid tibia with an anteroventral bristle, hind metatarsus with a weak basal bristle on the ventral surface.
KEY TO MALES OF SCHOENOMYZA IN CALIFORNIA 1. Palpi dull yellow, frons brown . . . . &frons Malloch* Palpi fuscous or blackish ...... 2 2. Parafrontals with a pair of bristles op- posite base of antennae, as in female; frons without whitish pruinescence . 3 Parafrontals without bristles opposite base of antennae, frons with whitish pruinescence ...... 4 3. Frons, face and parafacials deep golden brown or ochreous, interfrontalia seen from above reddish on cephalic half . lispirla (Thomson) Frons, face and parafacials deep seal or blackish brown, frons seen from above evenly blackish . . . . nigriceps Huckett 4. Antennae largely luteous and pruines- Map 1. California distribution of Sehoenomyza dorsalis LOW. cent, frontal wedge narrow, lance- olate, (fig. l), face basically yellow Atlantic coast to Florida, in the southern states to bronzy, entirely or mostly so . . from Louisiana, and on the Pacific coast from Wash- dorsaZis var. sulfdceps Malloch ington to California Antennae mainly darkened (exclusive of California records (map 1) .--Throughout the pruinescence), face usually deeply mountainous parts of the state and along Transition tinged, golden yellow to orange . . . 5 Zone coastal areas. Absent the more austral por- 5. Frontal wedge, seen from above, usually tions of the Central Valley and both high and low broad and well etched (fig. 2) . . . deserts. dorsalis Loew Frontal wedge, seen from above, short Schoemmyza doraazis is on the wing nearly and restricted caudad, or largely ob- throughout the year near the coast, with records scured by whitish pruinescence . . . litorella (Fall&) for every month from one station or another in south- ern California. In central coastal counties and dorsal is Low Schoenomyza northward the activity season encompasses at least (Fig. 2; map 1) March to October, while in the Coast Ranges and Schoenomyza dorsaZis Loew, 1872, Berl. Entomol. Sierra Nevada the flight period is shorter, restrict- Z., 16: 95. ed to the summer months at high elevations. The 1 Type: $, District of Columbia. Geographic range.--Widely distributed in con- species has wide ecological tolerance, ranging from tinental North America, reaching its northern the edge of the Colorado Desert and through much of range in central Alaska, the Yukon and Mackenzie the Mojave Desert to near 12,000 feet in the south- River Basin, eastward across the provinces from British Columbia and Alberta to Quebec and south- ern Sierra Nevada. ern Labrador, thence southward to include the The male of S. dorsalis has the face deeply ting- states in the northeast, in the Great Lakes region and along the northern tier, southward along the ed, usually a golden yellow to orange as in the male of S. litorella, from which it usually may be dis- 1. Absence of institution citation in parentheses following tinguished by a broad dark V-shaped frontal. wedge citation of the type signifies that the location of the type specimen is unknown separating the whitish areas on the frons, (fig. 2). 7 Huckett: l‘he Muscidae of California
The females of the two species are not readily dis- tinguished from one another. Schoenomyza dorsalis var. sul furiceps Malloch (Figs. 1, 37, 46, 52)
Schoenomyza dorsatis SuZfUriceps Malloch, 1918 , Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 44: 288. Holotype: 6, Berkeley Hills, California (ANSP). Geographic range. --Alberta, British Columbia, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washing- ton , Wyoming. The variety SuZfUriceps of S. dorsaZis is evi- dently the most widely distributed representative of the genus in California. Over one thousand specimens were assigned to the taxon of which 349 were males. Specimens were recorded from approxi- mately 195 localities in 39 counties. The adult male may be distinguished from its relatives by the marrower median frontal wedge separating, or nearly so, the lateral whitish areas of frons (fig.
l), and by the largely luteous or reddish yellow 0. i. ._- silvery antennae. The females are with difficulty Map 2. California distribution of Schoenomyza Litorelk separable from those of S. Zitorella and S, dorsa- (Fall&). lis. In both sexes of S. sulfw%ceps the face is typically paler than in the latter two forms. males of S. dorsalis and S. Zitorella. In S. lis- Schoenomyza lispina (Thomson) pina the frons and face of the male are mainly ochreous to deep golden brown; in the female the OchtiphiZa lispina Thomson, 1869, In K. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademien, Kongliga svenska interfrontalia has a blaze of whitish or pale 01- fregatten Eugenies resa omkring jorden. Pt. ive gray. 2. Zoologie. [Sec.] I: Insekter, p. 599. Schoeraomyza cmvexifmns Malloch, 1918, Trans. Am. Schoenomyza nigri ceps Huckett Entomol. SOC. 44: 287. Schoenomyza flav.tceps Stein, 1920, Arch. Natur- Schoemmyza nigr6ceps Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. gesch., (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 105. Acad. Sci., ser 4, 34: 278. Type: d, California (t4” Stockholm). Holotype: d, Humboldt or Siskiyou County, Cali- Geographic range.-+.E. Alaska, British Colum- fornia (CAS). bia, California, Oregon, Washington. GeographZcaZ and CaZifornia record. California ~~CO~~S.--UTJMBOLDTCO. : Eureka, 1 --Same locality as holotype, 2 6, May or June 0, VII-15-35 (R. H. Beamer, UK). MARIN CO.: Bo- 1911, Oldenberg Collection (CAS). linas, 1 $’, V-6-51 (E. I. Schlinger, CIS). MONO The male of S. nigrieeps differs from that of CO.: Sardine Creek, 8,500 ft. 1 0, VI-28-51 (A. S. tisph in having the frons and face entirely T. McClay, UCD). MONTEREY CO.: Pacific Grove, 1 ?, X-7-06 &J. C. Bradley, CV). Point Pinos, Paci- blackish or deep seal brown. The above two speci- -24-52 (P. Arnaud, CAS). ORANGE CO.: H. mens including the holotype are on the same mount. Sunset Beac , 1 S, Vf-12-48 (A. L. Melander, USNM). SAN MATE0 CO.: Millbrae, 2 6, 1 0, 111-20-08, type series of conve~fmns,(ANSP; I11NHS). SANTA Schoenomyza litorella (Fall&) CLARA CO.: Leland Stanford University, 1 6, Lot 72 (USNM). (Map 2) Males of S. lispina and S. nigriceps are with- Ochtiphila litoreZZa Fallgn, 1823, Monographia out whitish pruinescence on the frons, and possess Muscidum Sveciae. Phytomyzides et Ochtidiae Sveciae p. 10. a pair of parafrontal bristles opposite the base Schoenomysa dorsalis partita Malloch, 1918, Trans. of antennae, thus differing essentially from the Am. Entomol. SOC., 44: 289. 8 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey Type: 9, Southern Sweden. Emden , 19 40 :94) . Geographic range.--Holarctic; in The Nearctic: Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, California, Subgenus Coenosia Meigen Colorado, Idaho, Manitoba, Montana, Northwest Ter- ritories, New York, Oregon, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Coenosia Meigen sensu Westwood, 1840, Introd. mod. Utah, Washington. Class. Ins., 2 Synopsis p. 143. California recor&.--ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley Chcea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, [Paris] Inst. de Hills, 1 d, m-11-08, type of dorsalis partita, France, [Cl. des] Sci. Math. et Phys., Acad. (ANSP). CONTRA COSTA CO.: Point Molate, Richmond, Roy. des Sci., Mem. present& par divers Sa- 3 9, 11-11-64, 1 6, 2 2, 11-27-64 (3. Powell, CIS). vans [ser. 21, 2: 530. HlTMBOLDT CO.: 3.5 mi. S. of Scotia, 1 d, 3 2, VI- 10-65 (T. W. Fisher, UCR). MARIN CO.: Lagunitas Hind tibia with two adjacent bristles near Canyon, 1 d, I 0, 111-29-08, paratypes of dorsazis middle, situated respectively on anterior and an- purtita (111NHS). MONTEREY CO.: Asilomar, 1 6, IX-1-45, 19, X-2-46, 1 d, 3 Q, VIII-4-50 (A. L. terdorsal surfaces and without an anteroventral Melander, USNM). SAN MATE0 CO.: Millbrae, 1 9, bristle exclusive of the apical, hind metatarsus 111-20-08. SANTA BARBARA CO.: Santa Ynez River, 1 d, 1 2, VI-23-65 (M. E. Irwin, UCR) . SANTA with a weak bristle at the base of ventral surface, CLARA CO.: Palo Alto. 1 d, VIII-3-94 (R. W. Doane, fore tibia with an apical mid ventral bristle, hind CU). SHASTA CO.: 3 mi. SE. of Mt. Lassen, 2 6, VII-8-55 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS). SONOMA CO.: 4 mi. femur without a preapical posterior bristle. W. of Plantation, 1 d, V-8-58 (D. Burdick, CIS). KEY TO SPECIES OF COENOSIA (COENOSIA) IN CALIFORNIA In the male of S. Zitorella the pruinescence Mid and hind femora entirely blackish, scutellum on interfrontalia is undivided along the median without setulae on lateral declivities ad- plane, the short wedge if present being reduced to jacent to basal pair of bristles, hind tibia with 1 strong bristle at apex of a small area not extending to the cephalic half anteroventral surface . . . hun6Zis Meigen of interfrontalia. The antennae are mainly dark- Mid and hind femora broadly yellowish on distal third, scutellum with setulae ened (exclusive of pruinescence) and the face is on lateral declivities adjacent the deeply tinged as in the male of S. dorsalis. basal pair of bristles, hind tibia with 2 strong bristles at apex of antero- Genus Coenosi a Mei gen ventral to ventral surface ...... tigrina (Fabricius) Coenosia Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr., 5: 210. Type-species : EQusca tigrim Fabricius , by Coenosia (Coenosia) humilis Meigen subsequent designation of Westwood,1840. (Map 3) The genus Coenosia may be distinguished from other genera belonging to the Coenosiinae by pos- Coenosk humills Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr., 5:220. session of the following combination of characters: Anthomyaa nana Zetterstedt, 1845, Diptera Scand., One pair of presutural dorsocentral bristles, one 4: 1716. Type: 6, Germany ? (MNH Paris). pair of recurrent paraorbital bristles, mid tibia Geographic range.--Holarctic; in the Nearctic without an anteroventral bristle, lower stigmata1 this species occurs in the north temperate region of North America, and to the east from the pro- bristle curved downward (fig. 15), frontal vitta vinces of Ontario and Quebec southward to New longer than wide. Within the genua are included England, New Jersey, and the states of the Great Lakes region; in the west from Idaho, Utah, and the subgenera Coenosia Meigen 68318. str., L~mosia Colorado in the Rocky Mountains, and from Washing- Robineau-Desvoidy, Hoplogaster Rondani, NeodexG ton to California on the Pacific Coast. California records (map 3). --Restricted to opsis Malloch. coastal areas and inland valleys at low elevations. The habits of these species are little known. Lack of records from the north coast counties pro- bably is an artifact of collecting effort, Larvae are cited as being zoophagous or scavengers, Adults of GoenosLa huntilk have been taken from and are recorded as living in damp locations rich February to November in coastal parts of both cen- tral and southern California and only during the in humus or organic matter (Malloch, 1917: 35). summer months in the Central Valley. Adults of certain species, e. g. Coenosia tigrim, Coenosi a (Coenosia) tigrina (Fabricius) C. hwmrlis, are known to be predaceous on smaller Musca tigrha Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Entomol., p. diptera (Evans, 1930; Hobby, 1931; 1934; Van 779. Huckett: The Muac~daeof California 9 Subgenus Limosia Robineau-Desvoidy Limosia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, [Paris] Inst. de France, [Cl. des] Sci. Math. et Phys., Acad. Roy. des Sci. Mkm. present& par divers Savans [ser. 21, 2: 535. Macrocoenosia Malloch, 1920, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 46: 162. Type-species : Lirnosia campestds Robineau- Desvoidy, by subsequent designation of Coquillett, 1901. Having the characters possessed by the genus Coenosia, but lacking the posterior preapical bristle on hind femur, as is present in Weode&- opsis; without a strong mid-ventral apical bristle on fore tibia, as is present in Coenosk sens. str.; and having in most species a larger more con- spicuously extended lover calyptra1 scale than in Hop togas ter.
KEYS TO SPECIES OF COENOSIA (LIMOSSA) IN CALIFORNIA Males 1. All femora black, except possibly at apices and occasionally at base ... 2 Mid and hind femora entirely fulvous, or partly so on proximal half .... 6 2. Knobs of halteres black, calyptrae browned, frons and parafacials en- California distribution of Coenosia h&Zis Meigen. Map 3. tirely brownish black . effuzgens Huckett Knobs of halteres yellow, calyptrae Coenosia sewmcutata Walker, 1849, List Dipt.Br. not browned ...... 3 Mus., 4: 970. 3. Mid femur with a preapical anterior Type: Sex not indicated England (locality bristle, fore tibia with a preapi- unknown). cal posterodorsal ...... 4 Geographic range.--Holarctic; in the Nearctic: Mid femur without anterior preapical Alberta, British Columbia, California, Connecticut, bristle, fore tibia with preapical Idaho, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Montana, New posterodorsal weak or absent .... 5 York, Ontario, Quebec, Oregon, Washington. 4. Tibiae infuscated .... fraterna Malloch California recor&.--This species was recorded Tibiae yellow ...... nigrescens Stein from 109 localities in 39 counties, with a distri- 5. Mid and hind femora broadly yellowish bution broader but similar to that of Coenosia on apical region, extending on mid atiena (map 4). C. tigrina was represented in the femur to include the preapical pos- collections by 93 male and 258 female specimens. terior bristles, abdominal bristles weak ...... aliena hlloch In southern California Cosnosia tigrha has Mid and hind femora narrowly yellowish been rarely collected and apparently is restrict- at apex, not extending on mid femur to include the posterior preapical ed to the mountains. Northward it occurs along bristles, abdominal bristles strong . the coast, flying from February to September in alticola Malloch 6. Hind tibia with a profuse series of the San Francisco Bay area, but has been taken on- fine longish bristles and setulae ly during the summer months along the north coast. on anterior and dorsal surfaces, fore femur bristleless on posterodorsal In the Central Valley adults are active from late and posteroventral surfaces, mid March through summer, while the activity season is femur without preapical posterior bristles, hind femur without series shortened in the mountains, May till September in of anterodorsal or anteroventral Siskiyou County, and June till August in higher bristles ...... tuma Huckett Hind tibia not profusely bristled on Parts of the Sierra Nevada. Curiously, the latest anterior and dorsal surfaces, fore records, for October, are from inland arid stations femur with posterodorsal and poster- oventral bristles, mid femur with with pronounced winter seasons, in Inyo and Modoc preapical posterior bristles, hind Cow ties. femur with a series of anterodorsal 10 Bulletin of the California Insect Smey and anteroventral bristles ...... 7 not robust ...... persp&na Euckett 7. Mid femur with a preapical anterior 17. Hind tibiae, at least, fuscous .... 18 bristle ...... 8 Hind tibiae fulvous ...... 19 Mid femur without preapical anterior 18. Frons entirely silvery pruinescent, at bristle ...... 13 middle wider than one third maximum a. Hind tibia with a lengthy slender pre- diameter of head as seen from above . apical posterodorsalbristle ..... argentcmta Coquillett conform occidentalis Huckett Frons velvety black, at middle not Hind tibia with preapical posterodor- wider than one third maximum dia- sal bristle weak or absent, not long- meter of head as seen from above ... er than apical diameter of tibia ....9 antkrecina Malloch 9. Sternum 5 with lengthy slender bristles, 19. Hind tibia with mid anterodorsal and third antennal segment about twice as preapical mid dorsal bristles each long as wide, distance from apex to about as long as three-fourths length oral margin about equal to its width . 10 of hind tibia, mid anteroventral and pre- Sternum 5 weakly and sparsely setulose, apical anterodorsal bristles each about without slender bristles, third an- as long as hind metatarsus, and with a tennal segment longer than twice its series of fine shorter anterodorsal width, distance from apex to oral mar- bristles, mid tibia with mid anterior gin less than its width at middle of bristle longer than mid metatarsus . . segment ...... atrata Walker pitosissima Stein 10. Processes of Sternum 5 usually dull Hind tibia with shorter anteroventral, along inner (ventral) border, abdo- anterodorsal, preapical mid dorsal men slender, hypopygium not pro- and preapical anterodorsal bristles, truded ...... rubdna Huckett and without a series of fine shorter Processes shining along inner (ventral) anterodorsal bristles ...... 20 border, abdomen not slender, hypopy- 20. Abdomen and thorax without marks ... 21 gium knobby ...... 11 Abdomen usually with paired marks, sel- 11. Processes with several long bristles dom entirely obscured ...... 22 from base to apex that are directed 21 Basal scutellar bristles short, not ventrad, third antennal segment mainly as long as half length of apical grayish black ...... 12 bristles, third antennal segment en- Processes sparsely bristled, the longer tirely lemon yellow, anterior ocellar restricted to apical region, third bristles each not longer than width antennal segment usually mainly of interfrontalia .... fontam Huckett yellowish ...... bonita Huckett Basal scutellar bristles much longer 12. Fore coxae and all femora fulvous ... than half length of apical bristles, mfibasis Stein third antennal segment partly grayish Fore coxae grayish black, fore femora tinged, anterior ocellar bristles each partly blackish, mid and hind femora longer than width of interfrontalia . infuscated on distal half ...... can.&& Huckett mfibasis var. strigifemur Stein 22. Palpi yellow, and third antennal segment 13. Fore and hind tibiae and usually mid basically so, occasionally tinged, setu- tibiae without bristles near middle lae on anterior surface of humeral cal- of tibia ...... nudipss Stein losities stiffened, pronotal pair of Fore andfor mid and hind tibiae, each dorsocentral setae spinulose (fig. 10) .23 with 1 or more bristles near middle Palpi fuscous, setulae on anterior surface of tibia ...... 14 of humeral callosities not stiffened, 14. Abdomen with basal segments yellowish and pronotal pair of dorsocentral setae or whitish testaceous ...... 15 nonspinulose ...indsurata van der Wulp Abdomen with basal segments gray or 23. Hind tibia with mid anterodorsal and blackish, concolorous with thorax . . 17 preapical mid dorsal bristles to- 15. Hind tibia with preapieal mid dorsal gether as long as hind tibia, hind femur and anterodorsal bristles situated with the longer anteroventral , anter- on about the same transverse plane . . odorsal and posteroventral bristles f&soni Malloch as long as hind metatarsus ...... Hind tibia with preapical mid dorsal argenticeps Malloch situated on a transverse plane dis- Hind tibia with mid anterodorsal and pre- tinctly basad of preapical anter- apical mid dorsal bristles together odorsalbristle ...... 16 shorter than hind tibia ...... 24 16. Abdomen without dorsal marks, anterior 24. Abdomen with a pair of lengthy rather pair of ocellar bristles usually elongated marks on terga 3 and 4, robust ...... albibasis Stein lower calyptra1 scale reduced in Abdomen with paired dorsal marks, size ...... maculiventds Huckett anterior pair of ocellar bristles Huckett: The Muscidae of CaZifornia 11
Abdomen with a pair of short compact apex to oral margin about equal to marks on terga 3 and 4 (sometimes itswidth...... 12 obscured), broadly separated across 12. Fore coxae and mid and hind femora dorsum, membrane of lower calyptral fulvous ...... mfibasis Stein scales well extended beyond margins Fore coxae grayish black, mid and hind of upper ...... oregonensis Malloch femora infuscated on distal half . . mfibasis var. stri.gifemur Stein Females 13. Abdomen usually with small roundish 1. All femora black, except possibly at spots ...... rubrina Huckett apices and occasionally at base ... 2 Abdomen usually with spots of uneven Mid and hind femora at least largely density ...... bonita Huckett or partly yellowish on proximal 14. Hind tibia with preapical mid dorsal half...... 7 and preapical anterodorsal bristles 2. Knobs of halteres blackish ...... on about the same transverse plane . . effulgens Huckett frisoni Malloch Knobs of halteres yellow ...... 3 Hind tibia with preapical mid dorsal 3. Mid femur with a preapical bristle on bristle set on transverse plane dis- anterior surface ...... 4 tinctly basad of preapical anterodor- Mid femur without preapical bristle sal...... 15 on anterior surface ...... 5 15. Anterior surface of humeral callosi- 4. Tibiae extensively infuscated, or ties with stiffened setulae, pronotal fuscous ...... fratema Malloch pair of dorsocentral setae spinulose Tibiae yellow ...... nigresoens Stein (fig. 10) ...... 16 5. Frontal vitta seen from behind vel- Anterior surface of humeral callosi- vety black, parafrontals brown, ties with setulae not stiffened, pro- fore and mid tibiae fuscous or notal pair of dorsocentral setae non- blackish ...... anthracina Malloch spinulose (fig. 9) ...... Frontal vitta seen from behind not incisurata van der Wulp velvety black, parafrontals gray- 16. All tibiae yellowish brown, darker than ish, fore and mid tibiae yellowish . 6 yellowish parts of mid and hind femora . 6. Mid femur with yellowish apical region argentata Coquillett extending to incrude preapical pos- Tibiae yellow, not darker than yellow- terior bristles .....aliena Malloch ish parts of femora ...... 17 Mid femur with yellowish apical region 17. Third antennal segment and palpi entire- not extending to preapical posterior ly yellow, basal pair of scutellar bristles ...... azticola Malloch bristles about half as long as apical 7. Hind tibia with 2 anteroventral and bristles, abdomen whitish gray, un- abnormally longer semierect setulae marked ...... fontana Huckett and short bristles on anterior and Third antennal segment and/or palpi part- dorsal surfaces ..... tausa Huckett ly or entirely blackish, basal pair of Hind tibia with 1 anteroventral and scutellar bristles longer than half normally short appressed setulae on length of apical bristles, abdomen distal and proximal halves of anteri- usually with marks ...... 18 or and dorsal surfaces of tibia ... 8 18. Tergum 5 with paired marks weak, faded 8. Mid femur with a preapical bristle on or absent ...... 19 anterior surface ...... 9 Tergum 5 with well marked paired spots . 22 Mid femur without preapical bristle on 19. Fore femur mostly infuscated on dorsal anterior surface ...... 14 and ventral halves ...pilosissirna Stein 9. Hind tibia usually with a slender pre- Fore femur usually mostly yellow, in- apical posterodorsal bristle, discal fuscation at most confined to dorsal bristles on terga 4 and 5 weak ... half...... 20 conforma occidentalis Huckett 20. Third antennal segment yellowish at bas- Hind tibia with preapical posterodor- alregion...... 21 sal bristle absent or setulose, dis- Third antennal segment blackish at bas- tal bristles on terga 4 and 5 robust 10 al region ...... candida Huckett 10. Third antennal segment entirely gray- 21. Mesonotum and scutellum browned on dor- ishblack...... 11 sum, abdomen with large patchlike Third antennal segment yellowish at marks on terga 3 and/or 4 . nudipes Stein base...... 13 Mesonotum and scutellum mostly grayish 11. Third antennal segment longer than twice or lightly infuscated on dorsum, ab- its width, distance from apex to oral domen with or without restricted spot- margin less than its width at middle like marks on terga 3 andlor 4 .... of segment ...... atrata Walker albibasis Stein Third antennal segment about twice as 22. Lower calyptral scale large, broadly ex- long as mid width, distance from tended ...... 23
. 12 BulZetin of the California Insect Survey Lower calyptra1 scale reduced or restrict- ed, narrowly extended ...... 24 23. Mld and hind femora infuscated on distal half ...... oregonensis Malloch Mid and hind femora mostly fulvous on distal half, occasionally with a ru- fous scar or streak along dorsum ... qenficeps Nalloch 24. Anterior pair of ocellar bristles longer than caudal pair . . macuziventds Huckett Anterior pair of ocellar bristles weak, not longer than caudal pair ...... perspicut Huckett
Coenosia (Limosia) albibasis Stein (Figs. 10, 26) Coenosia albibasis Stein. 1920. Arch. Naturgesch., (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 95. Syntypes : 6-d, Roche Harbor, Anacortes , Mt . Constitution and Friday Harbor, Washington (USNM). Geographic range.--British Columbia, Califor- nia, Oregon, Washington. Culifornia records. --FRESNO CO. : Huntington Lake, 6 9, VII-27-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). HUMBOLDT CO.: 1 d, IV-1911 (Nunenmacher, Ha)? INYO CO.: Bishop, 1 d, VII-28-40 (L. J. Lipovsky, - ~- ...... _II, UK). Lone Pine, 1 0, VII-28-40 (L.J. Lipovsky, Map Coaosia atia UK). MONO CO.: Mammoth Lakes, 1 d, 10, VII-29- 4. California distribution of Malloch. 40 (R. H. Beamer, UK). SAN FRANCISCO CO.: San Francisco, 1 0, V-13-15, 1 2, VIII-7-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). SAN MATE0 CO.: San Gregorio, son, during the warmer months, from April to Sep- 1 0, VIII-22-53 (P. H. Arnaud, HCH). TUOLUMNE tember near the coast and June to September in the GO.: Dardanelles, 1 0, VII-13-51 (W. H. Lange, UCD) . Sierra Nevada. However, it has been taken only in Males of C. albibasis and C. perspimra, unlike October in Modoc County (two records) and in Sep- the females, have the basal segments of the abdo- tember in the San Bernardino Mountains (three re- men largely testaceous. The male of C. ulbibasis cords). has no distinct abdominal marks, and in both sex- The species C. aliena and C. alticoza have all es the anterior pair of ocellar bristles is usual- femora largely black and tibiae fulvous, and in ly lengthy, thus differing from C. perspicua. this respect differ from similar species by having no preapical bristle on anterior surface of mid fe- Coenosia (Limosia) aliena Malloch mur. The species C. aliena differs from C. alti- (Map 4) cola in having a more extensive yellowish apical aliena Malloch, 1921, Entomol. News, 32: Coenosia region on mid femur, so as to include the pre- 134. apical pair of bristles. Holotype: 0, Gallatin County, Montana (111?s). Geographic range. --Alaska, Alberta, British Coenosia (LimosiaJ alticola Malloch Columbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Northwest Territories, Oregon, Utah, Washington, ? (Map 5) Wyoming, Yukon Territory. Coenosia alticoza Malloch, 1919, Proc. Calif. Acad. California records (map 4).--Restricted to the Sci., ser. 4 9: 303. Cascade, Sierra Nevada and San Bernadino Mountains and the coastal area around the San Francisco Bay Holotype: d, Huntington Lake, California (CAS). according to available records, which represented Geographic range.--California, Oregon, Utah. about 50 localities in 19 counties. CaZifornia records.--ALPINE CO.: Hope Valley, Coenosia aliena has a rather short flight sea- 1 d, IX-11-38 (M. A. Casier, AM?). EL DORADO CO.: Huckett: The Muscidae of CaZifomzia 13 Coenosia (Limosia) anthracina Malloch
Coenosia mthracina Malloch , 1921, Entomol. News , 32 : 134. Holotype: 0, Gallatin County, Montana (111NHS). Geographic range.--Alaska, Alberta, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Lab- rador, Montana, Nevada, Northwest Territories, Quebec, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Yukon Territories. California P~coP&.--NEVADA CO.: Sagehen Creek near Hobart Mills, 1 $2, VII-7-64, 1 d, 1 2, VII-9-64, 5 0, VII-15-64, 1 d, 1 0, VII-16-64, in malaise trap (M. E. Irwin, UCR). TUOLUMNE CO.: Sonora Pass, 4 ?, VIII-21-59 (D. D. Linsdale, J. Powell, CIS), 2 ?, VIII-13-60 (W. A. Steffan, CIS). The species C. an-thracina resembles Hoplogas- ter flmibasis Huckett* in the coloration of the legs, but differs from the latter in having a lar- ger lower calyptra1 scale, and in its darker shiny appearance. In the male of C. anthracina the marks on the abdomen are lacking or obscured. In both sexes the frontal vitta is deep velvety black, the tibiae largely infuscated. All femora * ____ are entirely blackish in the female, but yellow Map 5. California distribution of Coenosia azticoh Malloch. on the proximal region of mid and hind pairs in the male. Fallen Leaf, 6,500 ft. 1 $, VII-13-61 (J. G. Chill- cott, CNC). Grass Lake, Luther Pass, 3 d, VII-24- Coenosia (Limosia) arqentata Coquillett 55 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). FRESNO CO.: Huntington Lake, 7,000 ft. 1 d, VII-9-19, holotype, 1 ?, VII- Coenosia argentata Coquillett, 1904, Invert. Paci- 29-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). INYO CO.: Bishop, 1 fica, 1:33. 6, 1 $, VII-25-40 (R. H. Beamer, UK). MONO CO.: Con- Coenosia argentieozor Stein, 1920, Arch. Natur- vict Creek, 1 ?, VI-6-48 (W. W. Wirth, USNM). McKay gesch., (1918) Abt. A 84: 96. Creek, Sonora Pass, 1 d, VIII-18-60 (C. A. 'Toschi, CIS). Sardine Creek, 8,500 ft. 1 6, VI-28-51, 2 d, Holotype: d, Stanford University, California 8 p, VII-3-18-51 (A. T. McClay, UCD). NEVADA CO.: (USNM). Boca, 1 p, VI-23-61 (F. D. Parker, UCD). Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mills, 2 9, VII-15-64, in malaise Geographic range.--California, Oregon, Wash- trap, 1 p, same date, by sweeping (M. E. Irwin, UCR). ington. Sagehen, near Hobart Mills, 1 9, VII-16-54 (G. A. California records. --ALAMEDA CO. : Berkeley , 1 Schaefers, CIS). SHASTA CO.: Echo Lake, Shasta 0, X-25-17 (J. C. Bradley, CAS); 1 9, IX-19-36 (C. Range, 1 1 $!,VIII-29-11 (A. d, Kusche, HCH). Sum- A. Hamsher, UCD). CONTRA COSTA CO.: Moraga Val- mit Lake, Lassen National Park, 1 ?, VII-23-50 (L. ley, 2 ?, IV-4-20 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). 2 mi. W, W. Quate, CDA). TUOLUMNE CO.: Leland Meadow, 2 d, of Pittsburg, 1 9, 1.12-19-57 (J. A. Powell, CIS). 1 0, VIII-5-60 (A. S. Menke, UCD; E. Jessen, CIS); 1 HUMBOLDT CO.: Trinidad, 1 6, IX-18-34 (A. L. p, VIII-21-60 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). Pinecrest, 10, Melander, USNM). INYO CO.: Bishop, 1 d, 1 0, V- VIII-3-48 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Sonora Pass, 9,624 20-51 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). MOHTEREY CO.: Man- ft. 1 9, VIII-20-60 (A. S. Menke, UCD) . Strawberry terey, 2 d, VII-31-96, type of argenticozor, 1 ?, VII-4-51, 1 d, 1 0, VII-15-51 (A. T. McClay, (ZMUB). SACRAMENTO CO.: Sacramento, 1 d, IV-16- UCD) , 1 0, VII-8-57 (W. T. Crites, UCD) . Yosemite 56 (S. M. Fidel, UCD). SAN FRANCISCO CO.: San 3,850-4,000 ft. 2 2, VI-17-31 (CIS). Francisco, 1 9, IV-11-14, 3 6, V-12-15, 2 d, VIXI- The species C. alt
both sexes, by the longer pair of bristles at base of scutellum and the longer pair of anterior ocellar bristles.
Coenosia (Limosia) conforma occidentalis Huckett Coenosia (Limosia) confom oceCdenta2.i.s Huckett , 1966, Pan-Pac. Entomol., 42: 35. HQlotype: d, Dollar Lake Trail, San Bernardi- no Mountains, California (CAS). Geographic range.--SE. Alaska, California, Wash- ington. CaZifornia records.--MADERA CO. : Biledo Meadow, 1 $!, VII-27-46 (H. Chandler, CIS). NEVADA CO.: Sage- hen, near Hobart Mills, 1 6, VII-2-54 (J. C. Domey, UCD) . Sagehen Creek near Hobart Mills, 1 0, VII-6- 64, 1 d, 2 $!, VII-7-64, 1 d, 1 0, VII-9-64, 1 9, VII- 10-64, 2 d, 4 p, VII-15-64, 1 0, VII-16-64, in mal- aise trap (M. E. Irwin, UCR). PLACER CO.: Carnelian Bay, Lake Tahoe, 1 2, VI-17-58 (R. M. Bohart, UCD) . RIVERSIDE CO.: Deep Canyon, 1 $!, IX-2-64 (P. A. Rauch, UCR) . SAN BERNARDINO CO. : Dollar Lake Trail, San Bernardino Mountains, 1 d, VII-10-56, type (G. 1. Stage, CIS). Santa Ana River, South Forks Meadow, 1 9, VI-25-48 (A. L. Melander, USNN) . SIERRA CO. : 5 mi. E. of Webber Lake, 1 d, VII-30-55 (E. A. Kurtz, UCD). SISKIYOU CO.: Summit Lake, Marble Mountains, Map 7. California distribution of Coenosth bonita Huckett. 1 0, VIII-23-62 (E, Mezger, UCD). The females of the subspecies C. occidentalis bonita and C. rubrina the third antennal segment is differ from C. conforma* in having a black patch a- nainly yellowish in the male and yellowish at base long dorsum of fore femora, or as in the male holo- in the female, in C. rufibasis entirely grayish type the fore femora may be extensively black in black. The male of C. bonita may be distinguished this sex. In the closely allied taxa C. conforma from that of C. rubfina by the stouter, knobby hy- and C. compressa* the fore femora are yellow. popygium (fig. 36), and the shiny inner (ventral) border of processes. The females of the two species Coenosia (Limosia) effulgens Huckett are scarcely distinguishable from one another, but (Map 8) usually spots on the abdomen of C. bonita are of un- Coenosia (Limosia) effulgens Huckett, 1934, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 60: 151. even density and stronger than in C. rmbrina. Holotype: 6, Alta Meadow, Sequoia National Coenosia (Limosia) candida Huckett Park, California (USNM), Geographic range.--California, Oregon, Washing- Coenosia (Limosia) candida Huckett, 1934, Trans. Am. ton. Entomol. SOC., 60: 185. California records.--ALPINE CO.: 2 mi. N. of : Holotype 6, Ilwaco, Washington (USNM) . Blue Lakes, 9,000 ft. 2 0, VII-17-60 (A. S. Menke, Geographic range.--California, Oregon, Washing- UCD). Carson Pass, 1 $,, VI-29-57 (3. Powell, CIS). ton. Ebbetts Pass, 1 0, VII-22-57 (E. Mezger, UCD). Forestdale Meadow, 2 9, VII-17-60 (C. G. Moore, R. California record.--HUMBOLDT CO.: Samoa Beach E. Rice, UCD). AMADOR CO.: 4 mi. N. of Silver and dunes, 1 d, VI-28-07 (J. C. Bradley, CU). Lake, 7 2, VII-25-55 (J. C. Dmey, E. I. Schlin- The males of C. candida and C. fontana have ger, UCD). EL WRADO CO.: Echo Lake, 7,500 ft. 4 0, VII-23-55 (J. C. Downey, UCD), 1 0, VII-13-61 thorax and abdomen mainly whitish or pale gray and (J. G. Chillcott, CNC). Pacific, 10, VIII-9-40 without any marking, all coxae and femora entirely (R. H. Beamer, UK). FRESNO CO.: Marie Lake, 10,500 ft. 1 0, VIII-30-52 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). yellow, thus differing from males of related species. INYO CO.: Bishop, 1 9, VII-28-40 (R. H. Beamer, C. candida may be distinguished from C. fontana, in UK). Ruby Lake, 11, 250 ft. 1 d, 2 0, VIII-13-57 Coenosia(Limosia)fontana Huckett Coenosia [Lirnosia]fintana Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4 34: 278.
Holotype:$, Victorville, Sa11 Bernardino County, California (CNC).
Geopphic range.--California, Utah.
CalifGmia records. --INYO CO. :Deep springs, le, X-13-51, allotype (E. L. Kessel, CAS). Saratoga Springs, Death Valley, l$, V-30-53 (USNM). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Victorville, 18, V-20-55, type (W. R. Richards, CNC).
The species C. fintuna may be distinguish- ed from similar forms by the weak basal scutellar and anterior pair of ocellar bristles. In the holotype the head capsule, except for the occiput, is notably dull golden yellow, and in both sexes the entire third antennal segment and palpi are yellow. 10 OuLLetzn of the L'aLzlornza lnsect 5urvey -" . . - .. I, 'I Geographic range.--Arizona, California, Colo- rado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Saskatchewan, Texas, Utah, Wyoming. California records. --This species has a distri- bution similar to that of C. bonita (map 7), but has been less well collected, having been repre- sented in the material examined by about 40 locali- ties in 21 counties. It has been taken up to 9,000 feet in the southern Sierra Nevada. The flight period of C. fraterna is restricted to the warmer months but appeqs to extend somewhat longer than in related species, with records from March to September in the San Francisco Bay area and at scattered stations inland, from March (Oro- ville) to October (Milton, Calveras County, and Palmdale). The species C. fratem and C, nigrescens are closely related. In C. fraterna the tibiae are in- fuscated, in C. nigrescens yellow. Both have all femora black and thereby differ from the allied species C. utrata that has mid and hind femora at least partly yellow. Coenosia (Limosia) frisoni Malloch Coenosia frisoni Malloch, 1920, Trans. Am. Entomol. Map 8. California distribution of Coenoeia effulgem Soc., 46: 165. Huckett. Holotype: d, Cottonwood Grove, Urbana Illinois (111"s).
(D. D. Linsdale, 3. Powell, CIS). MARIPOSA CO.: Geographic range.--Alberta, British Columbia, Yosemite National Park, Glacier Point Road, 1 d, California, Illinois, Manitoba, Northwest Territo- 1 9, VII-1-47, 1 9, VII-6-47 (A. L. Melander, US") ; ries, Oregon, Quebec, Utah, Wyoming Porcupine Flat, 5 '$, VIII-2-62 (R. and K. Dreis- California records.--NEVADA CO.: Sagehen Creek, bach, CU). MONO CO.: 1 mi. S. of Saddleback Lake, near Hobart Mills, 1 d, VII-6-64, 3 d, 1 9, VII-7- 9 2, VII-15-61 (G. I. Stage, CIS). SHASTA CO.: 3 64, 1 9, VII-9-64, 4 6, 9 $, VII-15-64, 2 6, VII-16- mi. SE. of Mt. Lassen, 1 0, VII-8-55 (J. W. Mac 64, all in malaise trap, 1 d, VII-15-64 (M. E. Irwin, Swain, CIS). TULARE CO.: Alta Meadow, Sequoia UCR) . National Park, 9,000 ft. 1 6, 1 9, VII-19-07, type series (J. C. Bradley, USNM); 1 0, same date, (J. The male of C. fgsoni has basal region of abdo- C. Bradley, CAS). Giant Forest, Sequoia National men yellowish testaceous, and in both sexes the pre- Park, 1 0, VII-28-29 (R. H. Beamer, UK). Siberian apical anterodorsal and mid dorsal bristles of hind Outpost, 9,500-10,550 ft. 3 0, VII-31-15 (USIYH). tibia are situated on about the same transverse TUOLUHNE CO.: Ellery Lake, Tioga Pass, 8,400 ft. plane. 1 d, 4 p, VII-3-27 (J. M. Aldrich, USNM). Tioga Pass, 2 d, VII-31-40 (R. €I.Beamer, UK). Tuolumne Coenosia (Limosia) incisurata van der Wulp Meadows, Yosemite National Park, 1 0, VII-5-27 (J. M. Aldrich, USNM); 2 '$, VIII-1-40 (R. H. Beamer, Comos&z incisurata van der Wulp, 1869, Tijdschr. UK). TUOLUMNE-MARIPOSA CO.: Yosemite National Entomox., 12:86. Park, 2 6, 2 '$, VIII-1-80 (D. E. Hardy, UK). Coenosia flav Coenosia (Limosia) nigrescens Stein Coenosia nigrescens Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., I-.__ __L_ i_L_ -I w-J -l_l_ (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 98. Map 9. California distribution of Coenosia maculiventrie Syntypes: dd $2, Montreal, Province of Quebec; Huckett. Colorado. Geographic range.--Occurs in nearly all pro- vinces and states of North America, exclusive of the anterior setulae on humeral callosities and the the southern tiers, from which as yet no records pronotal pair of dorsocentral setulae on mesonotum are available. Also present in southern Yukon normal, not stiffened or stumpy as in oregonensis, Territory and the Mackenzie River Basin, North- argenticeps and related species. Abdominal spots in west Territories. C. incisurata are yellowish brown, not blackish. CaZifornia records. --CALAVERAS CO. : Milton, 1 $, X-21-17 (J. C. Bradley, CU). FRESNO CO.: Coenosia (Limosia) maculiventris Huckett Academy, 1 d, 3 $, VI-21-56 (R. 0. Schuster, CIS). Bluffs, Fresno, 1 d, V-13-23 (M. E. Phillips, Coenosia (Lhsia) macuL$vent&s Huckett, 1934, HCH). Lost Lake, 1 mi. W. of Friant, 3 d, 7 0, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc., 60:187. VII-1-56 (R. 0. Schuster, CIS). INYO CO.: Bishop, 1 0, VII-28-40 (D. E. Hardy, UK). KERN CO.: Onyx, Holotype: d, Ilwaco, Washington (USNM) . 4 9, VII-23-40 (R. H. Beamer, UK). RIVERSIDE CO.: Geographic range.--California, Washington. Riverside, 1 d, 11-20-59, ex sod, emerged PIT-10- 59 (L. D. Anderson, UCR). SACRAMENTO CO.: Sacra- California recorda.--AMADOR CO.: 4 mi. N. of mento, l 9, 111-25-31 (H. H. Keifer, CDA), l ?, Silver Lake, 1 6, 1 2, VII-25-55 (E. I. Schlinger, VI-17-35 (Wilson, CDA) . TULARE CO. : Lemoncove, UCD). EL DORADO CO.: Echo Lake, 1 d, VII-23-55 1 d, 1 2, VII-26-29 (R. H. Beamer, UK). (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). Fallen Leaf, 6,500 ft. 1 d, The species C. nigrescens is akin to C. fra- VII-16-17 (USNM). FRESNO CO.: Dinkey Creek, 1 $, VIII-8-56 (R. 0. Schuster, CIS). MADEM CO.: tema, differing mainly in the yellowish color of San Joaquin Experiment Station, 1 d, 11-22-53 (P. D. Hurd, CIS). Madera County, 1 d, 1 9, VII- the tibiae . 27-46, on Ceanothus (T. 0. Thatcher, CIS). MONO CO.: Leavitt Meadow, 7,200 ft. 1 d, 1 0, VII-6- Coenosia (Limosia) nudipes Stein 51 (A. T. McClay, UCD); 4 $, VIII-13-63, 2 2, VIII-14-63, flight trap (H. B. Leech, CAS). 1 mi. Coenosia nudipes Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., W. of Tom's Place, 1 d, VIII-13-57 (D. D. Linsdale, (1918) Abt. A. 84 (9): 99. CIS). NEVADA CO. : near Hobart Mills, 1 d, X-ll- Syntypes: 66, Friday Harbor and Guemes Island, 52 (J. C. Hall, UCD). Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Washington (ZMUB) Mills, 1 d, VII-15-64, in malaise trap (M. E. . Irwin, UCR). PLACER CO.: Cisco, 1 2, VII-28-54 Geographic rmge. --California, Washington. IO BuLLetzn or the CaLzj'ornza lnsect survey California records.--HUMBOLDT CO.: Dyerville, case of C. aZbibasis and C. nudipes. It may be 5 d, VI-20-35 (A. L. Melander, USNM). Orick, 1 d, 1 9, VI-21-35 (A. L. Melander, USNM); 1 9, VIII-3- separated from the male of C. albibasis by the pre- 50 ( L. W. Quate, CDA). sence of distinct spots on the abdomen, and in The male of C. nudipes is without bristles near both sexes by the usually weaker pair of anterior middle of fore and hind tibiae, but not always so ocellar bristles. on mid tibiae, thereby differing essentially from Coenosia (Limosia) pilosissima Stein C. atbibasis with which it is closely related. Coenosia pitosissha Stein, 1920 , Arch. Naturgesch. , The female has normal mid tibial bristling, and (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 100. may not readily be distinguished from that of C. Coenosia longispinosa Malloch , 1920 , Trans. Am. aZbibasis. Entomol. SOC., 46: 166. Syntypes: dd, Collins , Idaho (USNM) , Mount Coenosia (Limosia) oregonensis Mal loch Constitution, Washington and Pine Lake, California Coenosia oregonensis Malloch, 1919 , Proc. Calif. (ZMUB) . Acad. Sci., ser.4 9: 254. Geographzk range. --Alaska, Alberta, British Holotype: d, Corvallis , Oregon (CAS). Columbia, California, Idaho, Montana, Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. Geographie range.--Alaska, British Columbia, California, Montana, Northwest Territories, Oregon, CaZifornia rewr&.--CONTRA COSTA CO. : Wild Washington. Cat Canyon, San Pablo, 1 d, X-16-06 (J. C. Bradley, CU). FRESNO CO.: Auberry, 1 d, IV-12-52 (R. CaZifomia recor&.--ALPINE CO. : Ebbetts Pass, Craig, CIS). MARIN CO. : Indian Beach, 1 d, V-15- 1 d, VIII-24-57, 1 9, VIII-23-59 (E. Mezger, UCD). 58 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). 1.5 mi. NW. of Olema, 1 EL DORADO CO.: Lake Fontanilis, 8,500 ft. 19, d, VI-10-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS. MENDOCINO CO.: VIII-21-55 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). MONO CO.: Ukiah, 1 d, 111-31-31 (C. C. Wilson, USNM). SAN Leavitt Meadow, 7,200 ft. 3 $2, VIII-13-14-63, BERNARDINO CO. : Boulder Bay, Big Bear Lake, 1 6, flight trap (H. B. Leech, CAS). near Naval Research IX-20-65 (R. E. Orth, UCR). SAN DIEGO CO.: Pine Station, 10,150 ft., N. Fork of Crooked Creek, 3 mi. Lake, 1 d, no date, type series, (ZMUB). SANTA N. of Inyo County, 1 2, VIII-20-63, flight trap CLARA CO.: Stanford University, 1 d, X-9-52 (P. (H. B. Leech, CAS). Virginia Lakes, 9,750 ft. 10 9, H. Arnaud, UCD) . VIII-17-63 (H. B. Leech, CAS). SACRAMENTO CO.: Sac- ramento, 1 d, IV-16-56 (S. M. Fidel, UCD) . The unusually long curling bristles on all fe- The species C. oregonensis and C. argentieeps mora and tibiae, and particularly those of the hind are closely related, the male of the former having legs, should serve to distinguish the male of C. shorter bristles on mid and hind femora and tibiae piZosissirna from those of its nearest relatives. than in the male of C. argenticeps. The female of The female is scarcely distinguishable from that of C. oregonensis differs from that of C. argenticeps C. oregonensis. in having mid and hind femora extensively infuscat- Coenosia (Limosia) rubrina Huckett ed on distal half. In both species the lower calyp- (Figs. 9, 25, 35) tral scale is fully extended beyond margin of upper. Coenosia (Limosia) mLbrina Huckett, 1934, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 60: 194. Coenosia (Limosia) perspicua Huckett Holotype: d, Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego Coenosia (Limosia) per8picua Huckett, 1934, Trans. County, California (HCH). Am. Entomol. SOC., 60: 176. Geographic range.--California. Holotype: a", Kern Lake to Rock Creek, Tulare County, California (US"). Ca'tifornia records.--FRESNO CO.: Mono Hot Springs, 1 d, VIII-8-56 (R. 0. Schuster,CIS). Geographic range.--California, Montana. Shaver Lake, 1 d, VII-1919 (CAS). MADERA CO.: Sug- California records.--KERN-TULARE CO. : Kern ar Pine, 1 d, 3 $2, VII-18-46 (H. Chandler, CAS). Lake to Rock Creek, 6,250-7,000 ft. 1 d, VII-27- NEVADA CO.: Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mills, 1 d, VIII-1-15, type USNM). MONO CO.: Leavitt Meadow, VII-18-62 (M. E. Irwin, UCD). PLUMAS CO.: 4 mi. W. 7,200 ft. 1 d, VIII-13-63, flight trap (H. B. of Quincy, 1 d, VI-25-49 (F. Morishita, CIS). SAN Leech, CAS). Virginia Lakes , 9 ,750 ft. 8 d, VIII- BERNARDINO CO.: Mt. Home Canyon, 3 $2, IX-20-22 (F. 17-63 (H. B. Leech, CAS). R. Cole, CAS). Victorville, 1 9, V-5-56 (J. Powell, The male of C. perspicua, unlike the female, CIS). SAN DIEGO CO.: Cuyamaca Mountains, 1 a", VIII- 16-14, holotype (J. C. Bradley, CU). SAN MATE0 CO.: has basal abdominal segments testaceous, as is the Belmont, 1 6, VII-15-61 (R. 0. Schuster, UCD). Cor- Huckett: The Muscidae of CaZifornia 19 te de Madera Creek, near Portola, 1 d, X-28-53 (P. eral long bristles from base to apex that are di- H. Amaud, CAS). SANTA CLARA CO.: Stanford Univer- sity, 1 9, XI-19-52, 1 d, 2 0, X-18-53 (P. H. Arnaud, rected ventrad. CAS). Coenosia (Limasia) rufibasis var. strigifemur Stein The species C. mcbrina is related to C. bonita, Coenosia strigifemr Stein, 1920, Arch. Natur- and C. rufibasis, and from C. bonita, which it most gesch., (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 103. closely resembles, the male may be distinguished by Type: d, Mt. Constitution, Orcas Island, Washington (ZMUB) the weak accentuation of the hypopygium as viewed in . profile (fig. 35), and by the dull ventral border Geographic rmge. --British Columbia, Califor- nia, Oregon, Washington. (inner margin) of the processes. The female of c. CaZifornia records. --MARIN CO . : Muir Woods, 1 mrbrina usually has weaker or smaller spots on 0, VI-21-47 (A. L. Melander, USNM). MONTEREY CO.: the abdomen than in the female of C. baita. Big Sur, 1 0, IX-4-45 (A. L. Melander, USNM) . Monterey, 2 9, VIII-10-38 (R. I. Sailer, HCH). Coenosi a (Limosi a) rufi basi s Stein The variety strigifem has the fore coxae (Fig. 20) grayish black and mid and hind femora infuscated Coenosia rufibasis Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch. , on distal half, whereas in C. rufibasis of Stein (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 101. the fore coxae and distal halves of mid and hind Type: 6, Washington (ZMUB). femora are all yellowish. Geographic range.--British Columbia, California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington. Coenosia (Limosia) tausa Huckett California records.--ALAMEDA CO.: Oakland, 1 0, Coenosia (Lhosia) tausa Huckett, 1934, Trans. Am. VII-1937 (E. S. ROSS, CAS). Hills back of Oakland, Entornol. SOC., 60: 156. 1 0, VIII-19-51 (W. C. Bentinck, CIS). CONTRA COS- Holotype: Friday Harbor, Washington (USNM). TA CO.: Point San Pablo, Richmond, 1 $. VI-3-64 (P. d, Rude, CIS). FRESNO CO.: Huntington Lake, 7,000 ft. Geographic range.--California, Washington, 1 0, VII-14-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). Shaver Lake, California CO.: 7 mi. 2 0, VII-1919 (CAS). MARIN CO. : Alpine Dam, 2 0, records.--MARIN W. of VIII-27-53 (A. D. Telford, UCD). MONTEREY CO.: Fairfax, 1 d, VI-23-51 (W. C. Bentinck, CIS). ln- verness, 1 0, VII-12-62 (C. A. Toschi, SAM Honterey, 3 d, 3 2, VIII-10-38 (L. W. Hepner, J. CIS). CO.: Corte de Madera Creek, near Portola, 1 Russell, R. I. Sailer, UK). NEVADA CO.: Prosser MATEO 9, X-28-53 (P. Arnaud, CAS). SANTA CRUZ CO: San- Creek 6,300 ft., near Hobart Mills, 1 0, VII-13-61 H, ta Cruz Mountains, 1 ?, VIII-13-38 (L. Hepner, (J. G. Chillcott, CNC). Sagehen, near Hobart Mills. W. 1 0, VIII-24-56 (J. M. Linsley, CIS). Sagehen Creek, WI . near Hobart Mills, 1 6, VII-7-64, 1 0, VII-7-64, 1. The male of C. tausa is notable for the profuse 9, VII-10-64, in malaise trap (M. E. Irwin, UCR). PLUMAS CO.: 4 mi. W. of Quincy, 1 6, VI-21-49, 2 clothing of slender setulae on the anterior and ?, VII-19-49 (H. A. Hunt, UCD). RIVERSIDE CO.: Idyll- dorsal surfaces of hind tibia, the sparse bristl- wild, 1 6, IX-5-64 (E. I. Schlinger, UCR). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Redlands, 1 0, 1913 (CAS). SAN ing of the femora, and the strong apical postero- MATEO CO.: Redwood City, 1 0, X-14-50 (P. H. Arnaud, ventral bristle on mid tibia. The mid anterodorsal, CAS). San Gregorio, 1 0, VIII-22-53 (P. H. Arnaud, HCH). SANTA CLARA CO.: Palo Alto, 1 0, IX-30-06 preapical mid dorsal and anterodorsal bristles on (J. C. Bradley, CU). Stanford University, 1 ?, IX- the hind tibia are all long and finely drawn as in 28-53, 2 0, X-18-53 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS; Ha). SO- NOMA CO.: Freestone, 1 ?, IX-7-50 (H. H. Keifer, C. Kizosisskz. The female of 6, tnusa has 2 antem- CDA). Mesa Grande, Russian River, 1 2, IX-30-06 ventral bristles on the hind tibia, as in the male, (J. C. Bradley, CU). Occidental, 1 0, VIII-16-38 (J. Russell, UK). but the setulae on anterior and dorsal surfaces of hind tibia, although lengthy, are much shorter than in the male and the fore tibia of the female has a The species C. rmfibasis has the third antennal longish mid posterior bristle. segment mainly grayish black, and thereby differs Subgenus Hop1ogaster Rondani from C. baita and C. rubrina, which usually have HopZogastsr Rondani, 1856, Dipt. Ital., Prodr. I third antennal segment more or yellowish the less p. 98. in the and yellowish at base in the female. male Type-species: Musca moZZicuZa Fall’en, by ori- The processes of the male in C. mfibasis have sev- ginal designation. 20 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey The subgenus HopZogaster is closely related to the subgenus Lksia, from which it usually may be separated by the weaker, smaller development of the lower calyptral scale, the outer margin failing to extend, or only slightly so, beyond the margin of the upper scale. KEYS TO SPECIES OF COENOSIA (HOPLOGASTER) n IN CALIFORNIA' Males 1. A1L femora entirely blackish ...... 2 Mkd and hind femora partly or entirely yellow...... 3 2. Hind tibia with short mid posterodorsal bristle, mid femur with lengthy mid anteroventralbristle ...... caZifornica Malloch Hind tibia without mid posterodorsal bristle, and mid femur without long- ish mid anteroventral. ni&teZZa Huckett 3. Mid and hind femora yellow on proximal half, blackened on distal half, hind tibiae fuscous . , . flavibasis HuckettX Mid and hind femora yellow, infuscation - -- t- _&_ if present restricted to dorsum, hind IC------.-!- tibiae yellow ...... 4 Map 10. California distribution of Coenosia cutifomicu 4. Mid femur with anterior preapical bris- tle, anal segment of hypopygium sub- Malloch. globose, knoblike .....minor Huckett Mid femur without anterior preapical Tibiae broadly yellowish proximad .... bristle, anal segment not subglobose . 5 ftavibasis Huckett 5. Third antennal segment mainly blackish, 5. Mid femur with anterior preapical bris- mid tibia without mid anterior bris- tle, palpi yellow .....minor Huckett tle, abdomen not arcuate viewed late- Mid femur without anterior preapi- rad ...... ftavidipaZp& Huckett cal bristle, palpi fuscous ...... Third antennal segotent mainly yellow, C. (Limosia) macuZivent=rfsHuckett at most grayish tinged, mid tibia with mid anterior bristle, abdomen arcuate, Coenosia (Hoplogaster) califomica Malloch curved downward on caudal region ... C. flimosia) maculiventris Huckett (Map 10) Coenosia paruisqma Malloch, 1919, Proc. Calif. Females Acad. Sci., ser. 4 9:304. name preoc. femora black except at apices 2 1. All .... Hoplogaster califomzica Malloch, 1920, Trans. her. Mid and hind femora at least largely Entomol. SOC., 46: 194. new name. yellow...... 5 2. Tibiae partly or entirely blackish or Hoplogaster califomiensis Malloch, 1921, Ent. fuscous ...... 3 News, 32: 205. Tibiae yellow ....fZavidipaZpis Huckett Holotype: 9, Huntington Lake, Fresno County, Hind tibia with short mid posterodorsal 3. California bristle, tibiae narrowly reddish at (CAS). base ...... caZifomica Malloch Geographic range.--Arizona, California, Colo- Hind tibia without short mid posterodor- rado, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon. sal bristle ...... 4 California records. (map lo).--This species 4. Tibiae entirely blackish ...... nigritezza Huckett has been taken only in the Sierra Nevada portion -- of the state, from Mt. Lassen south to Bridgeport, primarily at moderate elevations, up to about 9.600 2. In Coenosia (Lksia) macuZiuen&s Huckett, the lover calyptral scale is reduced in size compared to other feet at Sonora Pass. The adults have been recorded merabers of Lhsia, and thus this species is included in keys to both subgenera as an aid in its identification, in late March at Oroville, and in October at Sagehen Huckett: The Muscidae of CaZifomia 21 Creek north of Truckee, but nearly all records are of the female of C fZavidipaZpis, unlike the male , for the summer months. are largely black and the palpi fuscous. The species C. cazifornica and C. nigKteZZa Coenosia (Hoplogaster) minor Huckett have legs largely blackish. The former differs Coenosia (HopZogasterl minor Huckett, 1965, Mem . from the latter in having a bristle near middle of Entomol. SOC. Can., 42 p. 175. anteroventral surface of midfemur and near middle Holotype : d, Valdez , Alaska (USNM) . of posterodorsal surface of hind tibia. Geographic range.--Alaska, California, Labra- dor, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Coenosia (Hoplogaster) flavidipalpis Huckett Quebec, Yukon Territory. Coenosia (HopZogasterl fZavidipaZpis Huckett , 1934, CaZifornia record. --MONO CO. : Leavitt Meadow, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 60:95. 1 d, VII-6-51 (A. T. McClay, UCD). Holotype: d, Salmon Arm, British Columbia The male of C. minor has a prominent hypopygium, (CNC) . with the anal segment knoblike or subglobose. In Geographic range. --Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, California, Montana, Oregon, Yukon Ter- both sexes the palpi and all coxae, femora and ti- ritory. biae are mainly yellow except for a fuscous streak CaZiforn.la records.--ELDORADO CO.: Fallen along the dorsum of femora. The mid femur has a pre' Leaf, 6,500 ft. 1 0, VII-16-17 (USNM). Lake Tahoe, 1 P, VIII-11-40 (R. H. Beamer, HCH). Riverton, 1 apical bristle on anterior surface. 6, VIII-17-53 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). FRESNO CO.: Mono Hot Springs, 19, VIII-8-56 (CIS). INYO CO.: Deep Spring, 1 d, VII-16-53 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). Coenosia (Hoplogaster) nigritella Huckett Goodale Creek, N. of Lone Pine, 1 d, 10, 1V-3-53 Coenosia (HopZogaster) nigriteZZa Huckett, 1934, (H. B. Leech, CAS). LASSEN CO.: Bridge Creek Trans. Am. Entomol SOC., 60: 93. Camp, 1 9, VII-12-54 (J. C. Downey, UCD). MONO CO.: Cottonwood Creek, 9,300 ft. 1 d, VII-10-61 Holotype: d, Aneroid Lake, Blue Mountains, Ore- (G. I. Stage, CIS). Leavitt Meadow 7,200 ft. 1 2, gon (HCH). VIII-13-63, flight trap (H. B. Leech, CAS). Sar- Geographic range.--California, Oregon, Washing- dine Creek, 8,500,ft. 1 9, VI-28-51 (S. G. Watkins, ton. UCD). NEVADA CO.: near Hobart Mills, 1 P, VI-20- 64 (M. E. Irwin, UCR). Prosser Creek, 6,300 ft. CaZifornia records.-- ALPINE CO.: 2 mi. N. of near Hobart Mills, 1 9, VII-13-61 (B. H. Poole, CNC). Blue Lake, 9,000 ft. 1 0, VII-17-60 (A. S. Menke, Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mills, 1 0, VII-15-64, UCD). INYO CO.: Ruby Lake, 11,250 ft. 1 9, VIII- sweeping (M. E. Irwin, UCR). PLUMAS CO.: Keddie, 1 13-57 (J. Powell, CIS). SHASTA CO.: 3 mi. SE. of 0, VI-26-49 (C, I, Smith, UCD) , RIVERSIDE CO.: Hemet Mt. Lassen, 1 $, VII-8-55 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS). Lake, 19, V-19-65 (T. W. Fisher, UCR). SAN BERNARDI- The species C. nig&teZZa has blackish legs as NO CO.: Barton Store, San Bernardino Mountains, 1 d, VII-4-46 (A. L. Melander, USNM). Big Bear Lake, San in C. californica, but is much smaller and has weak- Bernardino Mountains, 19, VII-6-42 (A. L, Melander, er bristling on the abdomen. The lower calyptra1 USNM). Lake Arrowhead, 1 9, VII-9-56 (E. G. Lins- ley, CIS). SHASTA CO.: Cassel, 1 d, VII-15-55 scale is not as exposed beyond margin of the upper (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). SIERRA CO.: Yuba Pass, 2 as is the case with C. caZifornica. Other differ- 0, VII-7-64 (M. E. Irwin, UCR). SISKIYOU CO.: Mt. Shasta City, 4 d, 1 0, VIII-13-58, 3 $, VIII-22-58, ences between the two species have been mentioned in at light (J. Powell, CIS). TRINITY CO.: Trinity remarks concerning the latter species. River Camp, 5 6, 5 9, VII-13-53 (A. T. McClay, UCD) TUOLUMNE CO.: Strawberry, 1 9, VI-25-51 (A. T. McClay, UCD); 1 d, VII-20-51 (W. C. Bentinck, CIS); 1 0, VI-29-57 (D. L. Flaherty, UCR). VENTURA CO.: Subgenus Neodexiopsis Malloch Lockwood Creek, near Stauffer P. O., 1 6, 4 2, V- 5-59 (J. R. Powers, G. I. Stage, CIS), 1 d, V-7-59 Neodexiopsis Malloch, 1920, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC. (J. Powell, CIS). Mt. Pinos, 7,500 ft. 1 13, V-8- 46 :162 59 (G. I. Stage, CIS). Type-species: Dexiopsis basatis Stein (mono- The diminutive species C. fZavidipaZpis has no basic). preapical anterior bristle on mid femur, and in the The subgenus Neodexiopsis may be distinguished male is without a mid anterodorsal bristle on mid from Lirnosia and HopZogaster by the presence of a tibia. The tibiae are yellow and the third anten- preapical bristle on the posterior surface of hind nal segment mostly or entirely black. The femora femur, (fig. 19). 22 Bulletin of the Cazifornia Insect Survey KEYS TO SPECIES OF COENOSIA (NEODEXIOPSIS) 1 bristle on anterior and posterior IN CALIFORNIA surfaces respectively ...... 3 3. Hind tibia without a mid anteroventral Males bristle, palpi yellow or light amber . pectorazis Huckett 1. Wings with a digitate or thumblike exten- Hind tibia with a mid anteroventral bris- sion of anal margin, abdomen with a tle, palpi partly or entirely fuscous shiny black scar laterad along the an- orbrown...... 4 terior border of tergum 4 ...... 2 4. Cheek less in height than length of pro- Wings with rounded anal margin, without frons, third antennal segment 3 times a digitate extension, abdomen without as long as its maximum width .... a black shiny scar laterad along an- simpZex Stein terior border of tergum 4 ...... 4 Cheek as high as length of profrons, 2. Anal projection of wing longer than its third antennal segment shorter than base, third antennal segment yellowish 3 times its width ... basaZis (Stein)* basad ...... &zona Snyder 5. Mid and hind femora largely blackish, Anal projection of wing diminutive, distance from apex of antennae to oral scarcely longer than its base, third margin less than width of third anten- antennal segment grayish black ... 3 nal segment ...... oceidentis Stein 3. Palpi yellow ...... ovata Stein Mid and hind femora largely fulvous, Palpi brown or fuscous .....ovata var. distance from apex of antennae to or- 4. Third antennal segment yellow, hind ti- al margin fully equal to width of bia normally without a mid posterodor- third antennal segment ...... 6 sal bristle ...... hilads Huckett 6. Third antennal segment yellowish basad . 7 Third antennal segment mainly blackish Third antennal segment blackish ... orgray...... 5 ovata Stein 5. Hind tibia with 1 or 2 posterodorsal 7. Palpi brown, abdomen with weak spots . bristles, mid and hind femora largely hitaris Huckett or entirely fulvous ...... 6 Palpi yellow, abdomen with strong spots . Hind tibia without posterodorsal bris- arizonu Snyder tles, all femora extensively blackish . occidentis Stein Coenosia (Neodexiopsis) arizona Snyder 6. Hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal and 2 Neodedopsis daona Snyder, 1958, Am. Mus. Novit., posterodorsal bristles , processes No. 1892 p. 25. with dense long bristles ...... setizhna Huckett Holotype : 6, Tucson, Arizona (USNM) . Hind tkb-bia with 1 1 anterodorsal and Geographh range.--California, Arizona, Wash- posterodorsal bristle, processes with ington. sparse weak bristles ...... 7 7. Hind tibia without mid anteroventral CaZifornia YWCOP~~.--INPERIAL CO.: Potholes, 1 bristle, palpi yellowish or light am- d, IV-8-23 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). INYO CO.: Deep ber ...... pectoralis Huckett Springs, 1 Y, X-13-51 (E. L. Kessel, CAS). Little Hind tibia with mid anteroventral bris- Lake, 1 0, VI-7-29 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). Owens tle...... 8 River, 1 2, no date (CAS). KERN CO.: Onyx, 2 2, a. Abdomen usually testaceous basad, cheek IV-25-50 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). ORANGE CO.: San as high as length of profrons, third Juan Creek, 1 2, VII-14-65 (R. Orth, UCR). RIVER- antennal segment shorter than 3 times SIDE CO.: 4 mi. W. of Aguanga, 1 d, 4 ?, IV-24-51 its width...... basalis (Stein)* (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). Coachella, 1 d, V-21-28 Abdomen usually gray-black basad, concol- (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). Hemet Reservoir, San Juan orous, cheek narrower than length of Mountains, 1 Q, VI-14-40 (C. D. Michener, CIS). profrons, third antennal segutent 3 Indio, 1 9, 111-6-55 (W. R. Richards, CNC). Palm times as long as its maximum width . Springs, 16, 1-17-53, 2 9, 1-19-53 (P. H. Amaud, simplex Stein CAS). Temecula, 1 d, IV-4-49 (W. W. Wirth, USNM); 3 9, IV-24-51 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD); 1 VI-29-65 Females 6, (R. Orth, UCR). SACRAMENTO CO.: Sacramento, 1 P, 1. Hind tibia with 1 or 2 posterodorsal V-4-30 (H. H. Keifer, CDA). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: bristles ...... 2 Morongo, 1 d, IX-28-44 (A. L.Melander, USNM). Mor- Hind tibia without posterodorsal bris- ongo Valley, 1 $, V-20-51 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). tles...... 5 Redlands, 1 6, 1 2, V-25-35 (A. L. Melander, USNM). 2. Hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal and 2 Victorville, 1 I$, IV-28-56 (J. Powell, CIS); 2 0, posterodorsal bristles, mid tibia with V-5-56 (B. J. Adelson, CIS). SAN DIEGO CO.: San 2 bristles on anterior and posterior Diego, 1 9, V-8-13 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). Warner surfaces respectively. setitadnu Huckett Springs, 1 0, VIII-30-51 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). Hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal and 1 San Diego County, 1 6, V-25-50, at trap (CDA). SAN posterodorsal bristle, mid tibia with FRANCISCO CO.: Lake Merced, 19, V-7-27 (C. L. Fox, Huckett: The Muscidae of Catifornia 23 CAS). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Santa Cruz, 1 2, VII-17-40 (B. Brookman, CAS). The species C. &zona is closely related to C. ovata, from which it differs in having the third an- tennal segment yellowish basad, by the longer more constricted anal projection at wing margin in the male, and by the yellowish palpi in the female. Coenosi a (Neodexiopsi s) hi1 aris Huckett Coenosia (Neodexiopsis) hiZaris Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser 4 34: 279. Holotype: d, Sunnyside Canyon, West side of Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona (CAS). Cdographic range.--Arizona, California. CaZifornia records.--INYO CO.: Deep Springs Lake, 1 9, VI-14-60 (H. K. Court, UCD). Owens Ri- ver, 1 2, no date (CAS). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Vic- torville, 2 6, 1 9, V-2-53 (G. A. Marsh, R. 0. Schuster, UCD); 1 2, V-20-55 (W. R. Richards, CNC). The male of C. hihris has abdpen yellowish testaceous basad as in the males of c. pectorazis and in certain male specimens of C. basatis (Stein)+ Map 11. California distribution of Coenasia ovata Stein. From both of the latter the male of C. hilar& dif- fers in having the third antennal segment mainly yellow and shorter, the hind tibia typically with- CNC). Riverside, 1 2, X-7-34, 1 6, 11-3-35 (A. L. Melander, USNM). Thousand Palms, 1 d, 111-8-55 (W. out a mid posterodorsalbristle. The female of C. R. Richards, CNC). Thousand Palms Oasis, 1 d', 1 Y, hiZa-ris has the third antennal segment partly yel- 111-17-55 (W. R. Richards, CNC) . Upper Deep Canyon, 1 9, 111-19-65 (M. E. Irwin, UCR). Whitewater, Fish lowish as in C. &zona, from which it differs in Hatchery 1 p, 1-16-53 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Willis having the palpi brown. Palms Oasis, 1 2, IV-3-55 (W. R. Richards, CNC). SAN DIEGO CO.: Balboa Park, San Diego, 1 d, XII-3- 55 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). SANTA BARBARA CO.: Canada del Puerto Creek, Santa Cruz Island, 1 a", VII-23-63 Coenosia (Neodexiopsis) occidentis Stein (T. Fisher, UCR) . VENTURA CO. : Foster Park, 1 0, (Map 12) VI-25-59 (R. D. Gehring, CIS). Coenosia -t-ibiaZis Stein, 1898, Berl, Entomol. Z., The species C. occidelatis is related to C. (1897) 42: 275. name preoc. ovata, from which it may readily be distinguished occidentis Stein, 1901, Z. Syst. Hymenopt. Coenosia by the extensively black femora and the notably Dipt., I (4): 203; Huckett, 1972, Entomol. News, 83: 170. lengthened antennae. The male of C. occidentis Coenosia rufitibia Stein, 1919, Arch Naturgesch. , has no thumblike anal extension at wing margin, as (1917) Abt. A 83 (1): 161. new name. is present in the males of C. ovata and C. arizona. Type: d, U. S. (BM"). Coenosia (Neodexiopsis) ovata Stein Geographic range.--California, Connecticut, Dis- trict of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indi- (Fig. 19; map 11) ana, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, North Carolina, Coenosia ovutu Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., (1897) New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania. 42: 263. California records.--LOS ANGELES CO.: Glendale, Syntypes: $2, Tifton, Georgia; Algonquin, 2 d, X-8-51 (W. M. Schlinger, CIS). Los Angeles, 1 dd Illinois d, V-21-15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS). ORANGE CO.: (FM",USNM). Laguna Canyon, 1 0, XII-22-62 (M. E. Irwin, UCD). Geographic range. --Widely distributed, reaching Orange County, 1 ?, VII-14-29 (P. W. Oman, UK). RI- its northern limits in the southern parts of the pro- VERSIDE CO.: Indio, 2 d, 111-6-55 (W. R. Richards, vinces, and southward to include many eastern, cen- t 24 ouLLetzn 01 tnt abzjornza insecc survey Geographic range.-Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah. CaZifomia records. --LOS ANGELES CO. : Santa Monica Mountains, 1 6, VII-3-50 (HCtI) . MARIN CO. : Mill Valley, 1 2, VII-3-33 (H. H. Keifer, CDA). PLACER CO.: Cisco, 1 0, VI-15-51 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). Colfax, 1 p, IX-10-52 (P. H. Arnaud, HCH). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: East Highlands, 1 2, 1-7-14 (CAS). Redlands, 3 6, 3 2, XII-1914 (CAS). SANTA CLARA CO.: Stanford University, 1 d, VII-30-53 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). TUOLUMNE CO.: Leland Meadow, 1 0, VIII-5-60 (A. S. Menke, UCD). The species C. peetoraZis is related to C. sim- plex and C. basaZis (Stein)", from both of which it may be separated by the absence of mid anteroventral bristle on the hind tibia. The palpi in both sexes of C. pectoralis are yellowish or light amber. In the above specimens from California the anterior setulae on humeral callosities are not as robust as in specimens from Arizona and New Mexico, including the above type. Coenosia (Neodexiopsis) setilamina Huckett Map 12. California distribution of Coemsia occ<&nt -- - .- -~-7 .,,,-j ly near Macrorehis in its relationships. The male I I> frons is narrow, narrower than in the female, the Map 13. California distribution of Macrorehis majuscuZa (Coquillett) . interfrontalia in both sexes is at most scarcely wider at middle than the parafrontals there situated, Macrorchi s majuscul a (Coqui 11ett) the recurrent paraorbital bristles may be absent in (Map 13) the male or, as in the female, with 1 or 2 pairs, Coenosia majuseu~aCoquillett, 1904, Invert. Paci- the caudal pair of ocellar bristles is short and fica, Dipt., 1: 34. fine, and directed forward (fig. 6), the arista is Holotype: 6, Stanford University, California (USPJM) . nonthickened on proximal half, the lower prostigma- Geographic range.--California, Washington. tal bristle is curved upward or forward, the mid California records. --ALAMEDA CO. : Newark, 1 femur has a preapical bristle on the anterior or an- VI-27-39 (G. F. Knowlton, USU). HUMBOLDT CO.: d', terodorsal surface, and the hind tibia possesses a Samoa Beach and dunes, 1 d, 1 0, VI-18-07 (J. C. Bradley, CU). KERN CO.: Mill Potrero, 1 2, VII- robust bristle near the middle of anterodorsal sur- 6-59 (J. L. Bath, UCR). LOS ANGELES CO.: Palos face, much as in Coenosia. Verdes, 1 d, 1 f, VII-15-45 (A. L. Melander. USNM). PfARIW CQ.: BoPinas, 1 6, VI-5-49 (R. E. Ryckman, KEY TO SPECIES OF PSEUDOCOENOSIA USNM). McClure's Beach, 1 0, VII-29-61 (C. A. Tos- chi, CIS). MONTEREY CO.: Asilomar, 19, IX-1-45, IN CALIFORNIA 3 9, IX-3-45 (A. L. Melander, USNM). MOnterey, 1 1. Hind tibia with a lengthy preapical pos- d, VI€-23-96 (W. M. Wheeler, CAS). Pacific Grove, terodorsal bristle, longer than apical 1 d, V-7-06 (J. C. Bradley, CV). ORANGE CO.: La- diameter of tibia . ?l?&WpOZitQ (Malloch) guna Beach, 1 d, VIII-18-43 (A. L. Melander, USNM). Hind tibia with preapical posterodorsal RIVERSIDE CO.: Temecula, 16, IV-24-51 (E. I. bristle fine and setulose, shorter Schlinger, UCD). SAN DIEGO CO. : Silver Strand, than apical diameter of tibia . . . . 2 1 d., IV-25-53 (A. PI. Barnes, BVC). Solano Beach, 2. Hind tibia with a well-developed apical 2 d, 6 q, VI-19-63 (J. D. Birchim, JDB; D. Wust- ventral to posteroventral bristle, ner, P. D. Hurd, CIS); 4 6, 7 9, VI-23-63 (T. aristal hairs not longer than basal Bolton, I. H. Pogojeff, UCD); 2 0, VI-24-63 (D. diameter of arista . brevicauda Huckett* Wustner, CIS). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: Os0 Placo Hind tibia with apical posteroventral Lake, 1 3, VII-13-59 (A. E. Menke, UCD). SAN bristle weak or setulose, aristal MATE0 CO.: Redwood City, 1 9, IV-19-06 (J. C. hairs longer than basal diameter of Bradley, CU). SANTA BARBARA CO.: Carpinteria, 2 arista . . . . . solitaria (Zetterstedt) Huekett: The Muscidae of CaZifornia 27 The species P. nigropotita may be separated from its congeners by its notably black shining abdomen, concolorous with femora. The hind tibia has a longish preapical posterodorsal bristle. Pseudocoenosia soli taria (Zetterstedt) Anthomyza solifzmh Zetterstedt, 1838, Ins. Lapp. p. 677. Ad&a zongieauda Zetterstedt, 1860, Dipt. Scand., 14: 6230. Type: 6, Lycksele Lappmark. Geographic range.--Holarctic; in the Nearctic Alaska, Alberta, California, Colorado, Labrador, Manitoba, Montana, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, Yu- kon Territory. CaZifomia record.--TUOLUMNE CO.: Sonora Pass, 1 ?, VIII-21-59 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). The male of P. solitax-ia differs from that of P. nigpopozita in having weak paired marks on the abdomen, with or without a median dorsal stripe, and in the tapering outline of the hypopygium. In both sexes the preapical posterodorsal bristle of Map 14. California distribution of Pseudocoenosia nigropozita the hind tibia is weak, setulose. (Malloch) . Genus Tetrameri nx Berg Pseudocoenosia nigropolita (Malloch) Tetmchrreta Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., (1897) 42: 254. name preoc. (Fig. 6; map 14) PhyZlogaster Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., (1897) Dialyyta nigropozita Malloch, 1919, Proc. Calif. 42: 256. name preoc. Cistl, 1834. Acad. Sci.,ser. 4 9: 302. Tetramerim Berg, 1898, Commun. Mus. Nac. Buenos Pseudocoenosia nigriven&rb Huckett , 1936, J . N.Y. Aires, I: 17. new name for Tetrachaeta Stein. Entomol SOC., 44: 206. Panzsteinia Cockerell, 1905, Can. Entomol., 37: Holotype: d, Huntington Lake, California (CAS). 361. new name. Geographic range.--California, Washington. Type-species: Tetrachaeta unica Stein (mono- CazifomiQ PW?OP&.--FRESNO CO. : Huntington basic). Lake, 7,000 ft. 2 2, VII-7-19, paratypes of P. ni- gropozitu (E. P. Van Duzee, USNM), l d, l 9, VII- The genus Tetramedm has two pairs of presutu- 9-19, types of P. nCgropotita (E. P. Van Duzee, ral dorsocentral bristles and the lower prostigma- CAS). INYO CO.: Ruby Lake, 11,250 ft., 1 0, VIII- 13-57 (J. Powell, CIS). NEVADA CO.: Prosser tal bristle dorsad of fore coxa is curved upward. Creek, 6,300 ft. near Hobart Mills, 1 6, VII-13-61 The genus may be distinguished from its relatives (J. G. Chillcott, CNC). Sagehen, near Hobart Mills, 5 d, 3 $, VII-2-54 (R. C. Blaylock, J. C. Downey, by the peculiar conformation of the second antennal UCD); 1 9, VII-21-54 (J. A. Powell, CIS), 1 6, 2 9, segment, which, proximad on its dorsal surface is VII-4-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mills, 1 d, VII-13-61 (J. G. Chillcdtt, CNC). flattened or depressed, by the lengthened thicken- SIIASTA 00. : Sunmcit Lake, Lassen National Park, 1 6, ing of the arista on its proximal half, and in the VII-23-50 (L. W. Quate, CIS). SIERRA CO.: 5 mi. E. of Webber Lake, 1 d, VII-30-55 (E. A. Kurtz, comparatively robust caudal pair of ocellar bris- UCD). TRINITY CO.: Scott Mtn., 5,350 ft. 1 ?, tles, that are directed outward. The habitats of the VII-14-49 (A. T. McClay, UCD). TULARE CO.: Alta Meadow, 1 d, VIII-24-17 (CUI. Rattlesnake Creek, various species are evidently in the rough herbage 9,000 ft. 1 d, 1 2, VIII-2-15, types of P. nigA- and vegetation on marshes and dunes along the coast ventris (ANSP). TUOLUMNE CO.: Tuolumne Meadows, 1 d, VII-1-40 (R. H. Beamer, HCH). and in the vicinity of lakes and ponds. 28 Bulletin of the California Insect Smvey KEY TO SPECIES OF TETRAMERINX Syntypes: 6 $9, Dewatto and Friday Harbor, IN CALIFORNIA Washington; Stanford University, California (ZMUB, USNM) * 1. Abdomen with spots laterad on terga 3 Geogra@ic range.--California, Oregon, Washing- and 4, and with a blackish dorso- ton, Baja California. central stripe or series of marks . . 2 Abdomen without dorsal spots laterad . 3 CaZifomzia reco&.--ORANGE CO. : Sunset Beach, 2. Tibiae black, hind tibia with a long 1 2, VI-12-48 (A. L. Melander, USNM). SAN DIEGO robust apical pos teroventral bristle, CO.: Palm City, 1 6, 3 Q, VII-19-40 (R. H. Beamer, arista pubescent ...Zongispina (Malloch) D. E. Hardy, L. C. Kuitert, UK). Solana Beach, 1 Tibiae reddish, hind tibia with at 0, VI-19-63 (J. Powell, CIS). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: most a fine weak apical posteroven- Morro Bay, 1 6, 1 Q, VIII-29-45 (A. L. Melander, trdl bristle, arista nude ...... USNM). SANTA BARBARA CO.: Goleta, 1 d, VI-22-59 rufitibia Stein (R. W. Spore, UCR). SANTA CLARA CO.: Stanford 3. Height of cheek about equal to half University, 1 2, Oct. 190-, syntype (USNM) . height of eye ...... inemnis (Stein) The species T. inemis may be distinguished Height of cheek less than half height ofeye...... 4 from associated taxa having in common 4 pairs of Tibiae blackish, usually 4 pairs of 4. postsutural dorsocentral bristles and being without postsutural dorsocentral bristles present ...... 5 paired abdominal spots, by the high cheeks and com- Tibiae fulvous, usually 3 pairs of plete series of well developed anteroventral bris- postsutural dorsocentral bristles present ...... littoralis (Malloch) tles on hind femur. The female, as in T. azbine- 5. Mid tibia with an anterior bristle, permis, is without recurrent spinules on the subanal hind tibia with 3 or 4 anterodorsal bristles, ovipositor with subanal re- plate of ovipositor. current spinules ..... unica Stein Mid tibia without anterior bristle, an Tetramerinx littoralis (Malloch) COMB. hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal N. bristles, ovipositor without subanal Phyllogaster Littoralis Malloch, 1917, Can. Entomol., recurrent spinules. albinepennis (Huckett) 49 :22 8. Holotype: d, Grand Tower, Illinois (IllNHS). Tetramerinx albinepennis (Huckett) N. COMB. Geographic runge.--Alberta, California, Colora- Phyllogaster albinepennis Huckett, Proc. Calif. A- do, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Ne- cad, sci., ser. 4 34: 282. braska, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Quebec, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming. Holotype: Q, Thousand Palms, Riverside County, California (CNC). California record--1NYO CO.: Olancha, 1 0, V-20-37 (N. W. Frazier, AM"). Geographic range.--California. The species T. littoralis is dull whitish gray, California recorh. --IMPERIAL CO. : Obsidian Buttes, 1 p, 111-26-59 (C. A. Toachi, CIS). RIVER- and is densely and evenly dusted. The mesonotum is SIDE CO. : Hunter's Spring, 1 $', V-10-52 (CIS). without stripes and the abdomen is without distinct Thousand Palms, 1 p, 111-13-55, type (J. E. H. Martin, CNC), 1 p, 111-18-55 (W. R. M. Mason, CNC). marks. The tibiae are reddish yellow. There are SAN BERNAKDINO CO.: Trona, 12, IV-25-37, Creo- sote bush (F. B. Foley, CAS). SANTA BARBARA CO.: usually 3 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles Goleta, 1 d, VI-22-59 (R. W. Spore, UCR). SANTA present, and in both sexes there frequently occurs CRUZ CO.: 4.4 mi. S. of Boulder Creek, 1 p, IV-10- on the under surface of the wing one or more widely 65 (M. E. Irwin, UCR) . spaced setulae on the proximal sector of vein R.4+5. The species T. albinepennis possesses the habi- The female has recurrent spinules on the subanal tus of T. unica, from which it may be distinguished plate of ovipositor. by the absence of an anterior bristle on mid tibia, the presence of 2 anterodorsal bristles on hind Tetramerinx longispina (Malloch) tibia, and by the absence of recurrent spinules on Phyllogaster Longispina Malloch, 1923, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4 12: 426. the subanal sclerite of the ovipositor. Holotype: d, Gonzales Bay, Baja California (CAS). Tetramerinx inermis (Stein) N. COMB. Geographic range.--California, Baja California. Phgllogaster inermis Stein, 1920 , Arch. Naturgesch., California record.--ORANGE CO. : Sunset Beach, (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 58. 1 9, VI-12-48 (A. L. Melander, USNM). Huckett: The Muscidae of California 29 The adults are active throughout the year along the coast, having been taken in every month, but there are records for only April and October in the desert, suggesting that emergence there may be in response to rainfall. T. rufitibia as represented in California has 3 or 4 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles. The height of eyes and cheeks varies in relation to one another, the taller the eyes the shorter the cheek, and vice versa. The tibiae are reddish, the abdomen has paired spots and a dorsocentral stripe. Tetramerinx +(Stein) Tetrachaeta unica Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., (1897) 42: 254. Syntypes: 6 9, Horse Neck Beach, Bristol, Plass- achusetts (FMNH). Geographic range. --Occurs in the south temper- ate region of North America; in the east from Vir- ginia to its northern range in southern Quebec, Ontario and in Michigan; in the west, from Texas, Kansas northward to South Dakota, and in the Rocky Mountain region from Colorado, Utah, to Alberta; in Map 15. California distribution of Tetrmerim nifitibia the southwest from Arizona and Nevada, and on the Pacific coast from southern California to British Stein. Columbia. California records. --Tetramerim mica has an austral distribution in the State, similar to that The species 4. Zoqgispina may readily be re- of Lispe nasmi (map 16), but less extensive, occur- cognized by the strong bristles on the hind tibia, ring east of the Sierra Nevada in the Owens Valley and at 10,000 feet in the White Mountains, southward including the preapicals and apical posteroventral. in the Mojave Desert, northward through the Central The tibiae are black, and the abdomen has paired Valley to Lake County, and on the coast on Santa Cruz Island and at Santa Cruz and Berkeley. There spots and a dorsocentral vitta that may be quite is one anomalous record from 9,000 feet in Alpine faint . County (2 miles N. of Blue Lakes). Records for this species indicate a flight per- Tetramerinx rufitibia Stein iod at various times of year, from Narch to October, (Map 15) there being too few records from any one area to de- fine voltinism precisely. Tetrwnerhx mfitibia Stein, 1911, Arch. Natur- gesch.,Abt. A 77 (1): 144. The species T. mica and T. aZbinepemis possess Tetrumer&ax caZifomienais Malloch, 1918, Trans. the same pale gray habitus, both having 4 pairs of Am. Entomol. SOC., 44: 274. postsutural dorsocentral bristles , the tibiae black Syntypes: 6 pp, Arica and Tacna, Chile; Mol- and hind femur with a weak series of anteroventral lendo, Peru. bristles. The species differs from T. aZbinepennis Geographic range.--California, Florida, Oregon, Bahama Islands , South America. by having an anterior bristle on proximal half of CaZifornia recorck (map 15) .--The peculiarly mid tibia, 3 or 4 anterodorsalbristles on hind ti- disjunct distribution in the Americas may be re- bia, and recurrent spinules on the subanal plate of lated to the habitat occupied by f. mfitibia; in California this species is restricted to beach and ovipositor. desert sand dune localities, occurring in a dis- junct distribution along the immediate coast and Genus Lispocephala Pokorny in the deserts. There is one exceptional record from 10,000 feet in Tuolmne County which may be LispocephaZa Pokorny, 1893, K.-k. 2001.-Bot. Ges- considered of possible air-borne derivation. sel. Wien, Verhandl. 43 (Abhandl.): 532. 30 truLbetzn of tne ca~zjornzainsect: survey Type-species: Anthorn& aha Meigen, by origi- third antennal segment, the latter yel- nal designation. lowish, tinged distad, frontal triangle pale gray ...... nsarctica Huckett The genus Lispocephala has 2 pairs of presutur- Aristal hairs as long as half width of a1 dorsocentral bristles, the frons equally broad third antennal segment , the latter mainly blackish tinged distad, fron- in male and female and with 2 pairs of recurrent tal triangle brownish ...... 4 paraorbital bristles. The anterior pair of paraor- 4. Hind tibia usually without mid antero- ventral bristle . , brevitarsis Malloch bital bristles is robust and set about midway be- Hind tibia usually with mid anteroven- tween the anterior pair of parafrontals and inner tral bristle ...... erythrocera (Robineau-Desvoidy) pair of vertical bristles, fig. 3. The caudal pair of ocellar bristles is directed outward and the Lispocephala acuticauda Huckett lower stigmata1 bristle curved downward, Lispocephala acuticauda Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4 34: 282. KEYS TO SPECIES OF LISPOCEPHALA Holotype: d, Ruby Lake, Inyo County, Califor- IN CALIFORNIA nia. (CAS). Geographic range.--California. Males reoord8.--INYO CO.: Ruby Lake, 1 Scutellum densely and widely spotted at CaZifornia 6, 1. VIII-13-57, holotype (J. Powell, CIS), 1 6, same lo- basal angles cross-veins usually , cality and data as holotype, (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). clouded ...... aha (Meigen) Scutellum at most with a limited brown- The male of L. acuticauda has the processes of ish mark at basal angles, cross-veins sternum 5 sharply tapering and slightly curved dis- clear...... 2 2. Mid tibia with a mid anterior bristle tad, pronglike as in L. nearctica, from which it and a close series of slender antero- differs in having the tibiae fuscous and third an- ventral setulae on prosimal half, mid femur with a close series of slender tennal segment mainly grayish black. posterior bristles on distal half . . setipee Malloch Lispocephala (Meigen) Mid tibia and mid femur without the Anthomyia aha Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr., foregoing characters ...... 3 5:L88. 3. Processes of sternum 5 sharply tapering Type: 9, locality not stated. and slightly curved distad, pronglike 4 range.--Widely distributed through- Processes broadly maintained distad and Geographic out the north temperate region of 'North America, blunt at apex. 5 ...... reaching northward to central Alaska, the Yukon and 4. Third antennal segment mainly gray- Mackenzie River Basin, black, one or more tibiae infuscated thence eastward to Labrador , Newfoundland and the New England states, across the or tinged ...... acut~cauda Huckett Third antennal segment extensively yel- northern tier of American states to as far south as Tennessee, Utah and California. lowish, tibiae fulvous . nearctica Huckett 5. Hind tarsal segments 2 to 4 widened and CaZifornia records.--LOS ANGELES CO.: Big Pines, foreshortened, densely setose, dis- 1 6, 1 $, VIII-2-44 (A. L. Melander, USNM) . Moun- similar to mid tarsal segments 2 to tains near Claremont, 1 ?, no date (Baker, USNM). 4, segment 1 of hind tarsus longer MONO CO.: Sardine Creek, 8,500 ft. 1 6, 1 9, VI-28- than segments 2 to 4 . brevitarsis Malloch 51 (A. T. McClay, UCD). NEVADA CO.: Sagehen Creek, Hind tarsal segments 2 to 4 not widened near Hobart Mills, 1 ?> VII-7-64, 2 9, VII-15-64, in nor foreshortened, segment 1 shorter malaise trap (M. E. Irwin, UCR). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: than segments 2 to 4 ...... Baldy Grade Falls, San Gabriel Mountains, 1 0, X-25- erythroceru (Rob ineau-Desvoidy) 35 (A. J. Basinger, CAS). SHASTA CO.: 3 mi. SE. of Mt. Lassen 1 2, VII-8-55 (3. W. MacSwain, CIS). TUO-- Females LUMNE CO.: Pinecrest, 1 0, VII-9-47 (P. H. Arnaud, 1. Scutellum densely and widely spotted at CAS). basal angles, cross-veins usually The species L. aZma may usually be separated clouded ...... ah(Meigen) Scutellum unmarked, or at most with a from its congeners by the brawn marking at basal an- limited brown marking at basal angles, gles of scutellum and the brown spots at base me- cross-veins clear ...... 2 of 2. Mid tibia with a mid anterior bristle . sonotal macrochaetae. In the male the bristles a- setipes Malloch long ventral margin of tergum 5 are notably strong. Md tibia without mid anterior bristle . 3 3. Aristal hairs shorter than half width of The cross-veins are not invariably clouded. Huckett: !The Muscidae of California 31 Lispocephala brevi tarsis Malloch 1 d, 1 2, X-11-52 (E. I. Schlinger, J. Hall, UCD). MONO CO.: 1 mi. W. of Tom's Place, 2 0, VIII-13-57 Lispocephakz brehtars& Malloch, 1935, Ann. Mag. (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). White Mountains, 10,150 Et. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 16: 570. 3 mi. N. of Inyo County, 2 6, VIII-20-63, flight Holotype: 6, Aklavik, Northwest Territories trap (H. B. Leech, CAS). NAPA CO.: Knoxville, 8 d, (USNM) . 5 0, X-26-52 (J. C. Hall, UCD). SACRAMENTO CO.: Andrus Island, 1 d, IV-1931 (CDA). Elk Grove, 1 Geographic range.--Alaska, Alberta, British 0, N-18-52 (E. C. Carlson, UCD). Florin, 1 d, Columbia, California, Colorado, Labrador, Manitoba, X-9-28 (H. H. Keifer, CDA). SAN BEWARDIN0 CO.: Northwest Territories, Quebec, Yukon Territory. Colton, 1 0, VII-5-51 (3. C. Hall, UCD). Pawnskin, California records.--ALAMEDA CO. : Alvarado, 1 1 0, VII-29-61 (G. C. Eickwort, MSUM). Victorville, 9, 11-28-37 (R. C. Dickson, UCR). MARIN CO.: 1.5 5 d, 7 0, IV-28-56 (J. Powell, CIS), 2 d, 1 0, V- mi. NW. of Olema, 1 0, VI-10-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). 5-56 (M. Wasbauer, CIS). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: Os0 PLlclMAS CO. : 8 mi. NW of Chester, 1 0, VIII-17-58 Flaco Lake, 1 0, VI-15-65 (R. Orth, UCR) . TUOLUMNE (J. Powell, CIS). SAN FRANCISCO CO. : San Fran- CO.: Yosemite, 7,000 ft. 1 6, V-20-34 (0. Bryant, cisco, 2 d, 2 0, 11-25-26 (M. c. Van Duzee, CAS). USNM) . YOLO CO. : Davis, 1 d, IX-30-48 (UCD) , 1 d, SANTA CLARA CO. : 1 d, no date (Baker, USNM) . SAN- V-14-52 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD), 1 d, 2 0, IIX-21-53 TA CRUZ CO.: Santa Cruz, 1 d, 5 9, VII-17-40 (B. (J. C. Hall, UCD) . Putah Canyon, 1 d, 1 0, XI-6-54 Brookman, CAS). SWTA CO. : 9 mi.. W. of Hat Creek (W. H. Lange, UCD). Winters, 1 d, VIII-6-29 (R. H. P. O., 1 0, VII-3-55 (K. Bowers, UCR). TUOLUMNE CO.: Beamer, UK) . Woodland, 1 0, 111-1-49 (J. Fowler, Sonora Pass, 1 6, 1 0, VIII-21-59 (D. D. Linsdale, UCD) . CIS). The species L. erythrocera is closely related The male of L. brevitarsis may readily be dis- to L. brevitarsis, from which it differs in having tinguished by the shortening of the dilated hind slender. normal hind tarsi in the male, and a mid tarsal segments 2 to 4. The female usually is with- anteroventral bristle on hind tibia in the female. out an anteroventral bristle near the middle of hind Lispocephal a nearcti ca Huckett tibia. Lispocephala rubmkornis Malloch (not Zetterstedt) , 1935, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 16: 567. Lispocephal a erythrocera (Robineau-Desvoi dy) LispocephaZa nearactica Huckett, 1965, Mem. Entomol. (Figs. 3, 15) SOC. Can. 42 p. 182. Cdcea erythrocera' Robineau-Desvoidy. 1830, [Paris] Holotype: d, Aklavik, Northwest Territories, Inst. de France, [cl. des] Sei. Math. et Phys., (USNM} . prgsentbs par divers Acad. Roy. des Sci., dm. Geographic range.--Alberta, California, North- Savans [ser. 21, 2: 534. west Territories. Coenosia Walker, 1861, Trans. Entomol. SOC. intacta California record. --NEVADA CO. : Sagehen Creek, Lond., (1860) 5: 318. name preoc. near Hobart Mills, 1 6, VII-6-64, 1 ?, VII-7-64, in Types: sex not indicated, Saint Saweur and malaise trap (M. E. Irwin, UCR). Paris (location unknown). The species L. nearctica and L. acut~e& are Geographic range. --Holarctic; widely distribut- closely allied, the former differing from the latter ed throughout the provinces and in many of the states of North America, reaching northward to cen- in having the third antennal segment mainly yellow- tral Alaska, Yukon Territory and Mackenzie River ish, being slightly tinged distad, and the tibiae Basin, thence eastward to Labrador and Newfoundland, southward to as far as Florida, Louisiana, and west- fulvous, without trace of infuscation. erly through Kansas, Colorado, Utah, and California. California records. --ALAMEDA CO .: Alvarado , 4 Lispocephala setipes Mal loch d, 1 0, IV-12-31 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). Emery[ville], LispocephaZa setipes Malloch, 1935, Ann. Mag. Nat. 10, VIIL-25-21 (C. T. Dodds, CIS). COLUSA CO.: Hist., ser 10 16: 567. Colusa, 1 0, VIII-15-55 (R. 0. Schuster, CIS). FRESNO CO.: Firebaugh, 1 d, IV-22-48 (R. F. Smith, Holotype: d, Grass Lake, near Tahoe, California CIS). INYO CO.: Cartago, 2 mi. N., 16, VII-15-53 (USNM) . (E. I.Schlinger, UCD). Bishop 1 0, VII-28-40 (R. H. Geographic range.-California, Nevada, Oregon. Beamer, UK). Ruby Lake, 11,250 ft., 1 d, VIII-13-57 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). KINGS CO.: McClure, 2 0, California zlecords.--AMhDOR CO.: 4 mi. N. of 111-6-53 (J. C. Hall, UCD). LAKE CO.: Anderson Silver Lake, 1 g, VII-25-55 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). Spring, 1 0, XI-25-60 (J. S. Buckett, UCD). LASSEN EL DORADO CO.: Garden Valley, 1 9, IV-3-52 (E. 1. CO.: Summit Camp, 1 0, VI-28-49 (J. W. MacSwain, Schlinger, UCD). Grass Lake, Luther Pass, 3 0, VII- CIS). LOS ANGELES CO.: Rio Hondo, Montebello, 1 0, 24-55 (J. C. Downey, E. I. Schlinger, UCD). FRESNO 1'4-27-61 (E. C. Bay, UCR). MODOC CO.: Lake City, CO.: Mono Hot Springs, 10, VIII-8-56 (R. 0. 32 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey Schuster, CIS). MODOC CO.: Cedar Pass, 1 0, VI-29- Syntypes: $6" 2, Tifton, Georgia; Algonquin, 55 (K. Bowers, UCR) . Eagle Park Meadows, 7,050 ft. Illinois; Kansas (FM", USNM). l VI-1-31 (CIS). MONO CO.: Sardine Creek, 8,500 d, Geographic rmzge. --Widely distributed in the ft. ?, VI-28-51 (E. Silver, S. G. Watkins, 7 I. UCLA; north temperate region of North America, reaching UCD); 3 0, VII-11-18-51 (A. T. McClay, UO). NFXADA its northern limits in the provinces of Alberta, On- CO. : Sagehen Creek, 6,500 ft. near Hobart Mills , 1 tario, and the state of Maine, from thence southward ?, VII-13-61 (J. G. Chillcott, CNC). Truckee, 10, along the Atlantic border from New York to Florida, VI-22-43 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). PLACER CO.: Grass in the central states from North Dakota and Michigan Lake, near Tahoe, 7,000 1 2 $, VII-15-17 ft. 6, to Kansas; westward in Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada, types (J. M. Aldrich, USNM) PLUMAS CO. : BuckI's . and on &he Pacific coast from Washington to Califor- Lake, VlI-1-49 (P. D. Hurd, Clio, 1 d, 1 v, CIS). nia. VII-9-16 (H. G. Dyar, USNM). RIVERSIDE CO.: Hemet Reservoir, San Jacinto Mountains, 2 6, 1 9, VI-14- CaZifomia records. --WAVERAS CO. : Milton, 40 (C. D. Michener, CIS). Herkey Creek, San Jacin- 1 d, X-21-17 (J. C. Bradley, CU). FRESNO CO.: to Mountains, 19, VI-10-40, 1 ?, VI-14-50 (C. D. Fresno, 1 d, XI-12-22 (M. E. Phillips, HCH). SAN Michener, CIS). 5 mi. W. of Sage, 1 d, VII-3-63 DIEGO CO.: Desert edge, 1 d, IV-17-15 (M. C. Van (E. I. Schlinger, UCR). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Bear Duzee, CAS). SANTA CRUZ CO. : Capitola, 1 d, 1 $, Valley, 1 0, VI-6-14 (R. S. Woglum, CIS). Boulder VI-7-12-40 (M. T. and H. B. James, USU). SHASTA Bay, Big Bear Lake, 1 6, 1 9, VII-8-65, 1 d, IX- CO.: Cassel, 1 0, VII-15-55 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). 20-65 (R. E. Orth, UCR). Jenks Lake, 1 d, VIII-18- SIERRA CO.: I mi. W. of Sierraville, 1 0, VIII-3- 50 (A. L. Melander, USNM). Santa Ana River, South 65 (T. W. Fisher, R. Orth, UCR). YOLO CO.: Win- Fork(s) , 2 d*, VII-29-42, 1 d, 1 0, VII-31-42, 2 d, ters, 1 d, XI-3-52 (W. H. Lange, UCD). VI-19-45 (A. L. Melander, USNM). SAN DIEGO CO.: Laguna Mountains, 1 $, VII-6-29 (R. H. Beamer, UK). Subfamily LISPINAE SANTA CRUZ CO.: Santa Cruz, 1 2, VII-17-40 (B. Brookman, CAS). SHASTA CO.: Old Station, 1 6, 1 &nus Lispe Latreil le 9, VI-22-55 (E. E. Lindquist, CIS). SIERRA CO.: 1 mi. W. of Sierraville, 1 $, VIII-3-65 (T. W. Fisher, Lispe Latreille, 1796 , Prgcis des caractzres pine'- R. Orth, UCR). Yuba Pas6, 1 d, 1 9, VIII-20-53 (E. iiques des insectes, p. 168; Snyder, 1954, Am. I. Schlinger, UCD). SISKNOU 03.: Mt. Shasta City, MUS. Novit., No 1675 pp. 1-40. 1 0, VII-13-58 (J. Powell, CIS). Sugar Creek, Etna, Type-species: Musca tentaculata De Geer, by 12, VII-16-39 (F. D, Horn, CAS). TU- CO.: subsequent designation of Latreille, 1802. Johnsondale, 1 d, IV-27-64 (J. Doyen, CIS). TUO- LUNNE CO. : Harden Lake, 7,575 ft. 1 d, 1907 (HCH) . The subfamily Lispinae is represented in North Tuolumne Meadows, 1 9, VII-9-46 (T. 0. Thatcher, America by the single genus Lispe Latreille. Adults CIS). Yosemite, 7,000 ft. 2 6, 1 0, V-20-34 (0. Bryant, USNM) . TUOLUMNE-MARIPOSA CO. : Yosemite possess the following diagnostic characters: Ptero- National Park, 1 2, VIIL-1-40 (D. E. Hardy, LK). pleura with several hairs posteriorly, palpi abrupt- The species L. setipes may be distinguished ly or gradually dilated, parafacials rarely without from allied taxa by having a mid anterior bristle a few or several short setulae or hairs. The frons on mid tibia. In addition the mid tibia of the in both sexes is similarly broad and bristled and male has a dense series of anteroventral setulae on is without cruciate bristles; the arista is plumose. proximal half. The flies are commonly found on the herbage and Genus Pentacricia Stein grasses near lakes and ponds and along the margins Pentacricia Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., (1897) of rivers, and are known to feed on small nemato- 42: 249. cerous diptera and aquatic larvae (Lamborn, 1920: Type-species: Pentacricia aldrichii Stein 279; Sgguy, 1923: 187; Hobby, 1934: 185; Cuthbertson, (monobasic). 1937: 23). Larvae of Lispe are aquatic or semi- The Nearctic genus Pentacricia and its sole aquatic (Johannsen, 1935: 42), and have been known species P. azdriehii may be distinguished readily to be zoophagous (Williams , 1939 : 114-115). from among the Coenosiinae of North America by the plumose arista and the hairs on dorsal half of para- KEYS TO SPECIES OF LISPE IN CALIFORNIA facials. Males 1. Mid tibia without mid anterodorsal bris- tle, sternum 5 with a lengthy median Pentacricia aldrichii Stein caudal process, fore metatarsus with Pentacricia atdriehii Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol Z., an apical prolongation overlapping seg- (1897) 42: 249. ment 2, scutellum with fine ventral Huckett: The Muscidae of California 33 hairs at apex ...... 2 hairs on posterior surface (fig. 30b.) . Mid tibia with a mid anterodorsal bris- jamesi Snyder tle, sternum 5 without a lengthy medial 13. Sternum 5 not notched, with a short process directed caudad, fore metatar- stubby subdivided median process di- sus without a slender apical prolonga- rected caudad (fig. 53). desertom Huckett tion, scutellum hairless on ventral Sternum 5 with a caudal notch or inden- border at apex ...... 3 tation ...... 14 2. Fore metatarsal prolongation longer than 14. Palpi purplish, sternum 5 with a weak the basal part of metatarsus ..... shallow median notch (fig. 541, hind tentacuZata (De Geer) femur with a few short posteroventral Fore metatarsal prolongation shorter than bristles ...... appro&mUta Huckett the basal part of metatarsus ..... Palpi yellowish or ochreous, sternum 5 patellata Aldrich deeply notched, hind femur with dense 3. Second mid tarsal segment much shorter long posteroventral bristles ..... than the third, mid tibia with 2 pos- salina Aldrich terior bristles sordida Aldrich ..... Females Second mid tarsal segment as long or long- er than the third, mid tibia with 1 pos- 1. Mid tibia without a mid anterodorsal terior bristle ...... 4 bristle, scutellum with fine ventral 4. Hypopygium sooty black and with a chalk- hairs at apex ...... 2 white dorsal mark, palpi broadly and Mid tibia with a mid anterodorsal bris- abruptly dilated ...... 8 tle, scutellum without fine ventral Hypopygium not thus marked, palpi gradml- hairs at apex ...... 3 ly widening from base to apex ..... 5 2. Mid and/or hind tibiae more or less ful- 5. Mid tibia with an anteroventral bristle . 6 vow, or if both darkened at least Mid tibia without mid anteroventral largely reddish tinged on ventral sur- bristle ...... 7 face, knees pallid . tmtaculata (De Geer) 6. Tibiae blackish, concolorous with femora . Mid and hind tibiae largely black, knees potita Coquillett fulvous ...... pteltata Aldrich Tibiae fulvous ...... cotidiana Snyder 3. Mid tibia usually with 2 posterior bris- 7. Mesonotum with 4 pairs of postsutural tles, fore tibia with a mid postero- dorsocentral bristles ....nasoni Stein posteroventral bristle . . sordida Aldrich Mesonotum with 3 pairs of postsutural Mid tibia with 1 posterior bristle ... 4 dorsocentral bristles. neouZig.inosa Snyder 4. Hind tibia with mid anteroventral bristle, 8. Fourth mid tarsal segment with an apical palpi gradually widening from base to spine or spur on posterior surface, as apex...... 5 long as segment 5 (fig. 28.) ..... 9 Hind tibia without mid anteroventral Fourth mid tarsal segment without a long- bristle, palpi broadly and abruptly ish apical spine on posterior surface . 10 dialated ...... 8 9. Vibrissae weak or absent, nondifferen- 5. Mid tibia with a mid anteroventral bris- tiated from adjacent bristling .... tle...... 6 probokemica Speiser Mid tibia without mid anteroventral bris- Vibrissae well developed, longer than tle...... 7 maximum width of palpus . .myentea Snyder 6. Tibiae blackish . . , * . potita Coquillett 10. Vibrissae weak or absent , nondifferen- Tibiae fulvous ...... cotidiana Snyder tiated from adjacent bristling .... 11 7. Four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral Vibrissae well developed and as long as bristles ...... Wsni Stein maximum width of palpus ...... 13 Three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral 11. Palpi nigrescent, dark brown or blackish, bristles ...... neouliginosa Snyder parafacials with a broad dark trans- 8. Palpi nigrescent or purplish ...... 9 verse band opposite base of antennae, Palpi yellow to partly reddish brown . . 10 the ventral margin reaching a level op- 9. Parafacials with a dark transverse band posite apical half of second antennal opposite the base of antennae and with segment ...... palposa (Walker) * hairs on dorsal and ventral halves . . Palpi reddish brawn or paler, parafacials paZposa (Walker)* with a narrow linear dark band at base Parafacials silvery opposite the base of antennae, restricted to a level op- of antennae, nonbanded thereat, and posite basal half of second antennal without hairs on dorsal half ..... segment, or such a marking absent ...12 approxhzta Huckett 12a, Hind tarsal segments 2 to 5 attenuated 10. Presutural region of mesonotum, seen and foreshortened, the fifth inconspic- from in front, with interserial stripes uously haired near apex of posterior between the planes of acrostical and surface (fig. Na.) ...brevipes Aldrich dorsocentral bristles, and continuing Hind tarsal segments 2 to 5 normal and caudad to postsutural region; with a undiminished, the fifth segment not median postsutural vitta that ends ce- small and having longish preapical phalad at transverse suture.sat Lispe jamesi Snyder (Fig. 30) Lispe jamesi Snyder, 1954, Am. Mus. Novit., No. 3675 p. 33. Y Holotype: d, Neskowin, Oregon (WSU) . j ._ Geographic range.--Alaska, California, Oregon, Hap 16. California distribution of Lispe nasani Stein. Washington. Californk records.--MARIN CO.: 6 mi. W. of Inverness, 1 6, 2 $, VII-28-62 (M. E. Irwin, L. A. Alaska and eastward throughout the provinces from Stange, UCD) . MODOC CO. : Cedar Pass, 1 0, VI-29- Alberta to Quebec, southward to include many of the 55 (R. D. Browning, UCD). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Santa states in various regions, reaching as far as Flori- Cruz, 1 2, VI-15-17-50 (M. T. James). da and the Bahama Islands in the East, the Gulf States to the South, and Arizona and California in The male of L. jamesi has weak or undeveloped the West . vibrissae, as in the male of paZpsa, but differs CaZifomia records (map 161.--This species has from the latter in the paler color of the palpi and an austral distribution, occurring in the Great Ba- sin, both deserts, the Central Valley, and interior by the narrower dark transverse band on the prof rons; valleys of the Coast Range. There is one record at from the male of L. brevipes by the more robust hind Pollock Pines in the central Sierra Nevada. The flight period is prolonged, from March to October in tarsal segments (fig. 30b). The female of t. jamesi, the south and April to October in the north, without as in the male, has paler palpi and narrower profron- disjunct generations shown by available records. Specimens were available from more than 60 localities tal bands than in the female of L. pazposa. It dif- representing 26 counties. fers from the female of L. brevipes in having a cau- The species L. nasoni may be distinguished from dally divergent V-shaped mark on tergum 5, and the its congeners by the presence of 4 pairs of postsu- posteroventral bristles on hind femur are restricted tural dorsocentral bristles, the two anterior pairs to the basal region. being short, and scarcely much longer than half Lispe nasoni Stein length of the two posterior pairs. (Map 16) Lispe neouliginosa Snyder Lispa nasoni Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., (1897) 42: 280. (Map 17) Syntypes: dd $9, Algonquin, Illinois; Georgia, Lispe neouliginosa Snyder, 1954, Amer. Nus. Novit., South Dakota (PM"). No. 1675 p. 24. GeogmphZc range. --Widely distributed in conti- Holotype: d, Lone Pine, Lnyo County, Califor- nental North America, reaching northward to central nia (hi"). 36 Bulletin of the CaZifornia Insect Survey Map 17. California distribution of Lispe neouliginosa Snyder. Geographic range.--Arizona, California, Idaho, ho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wash- New Mexico, Nevada, Ontario, Oregon, Saskatchewan, ington, Wyoming. Utah, Washington. California records. --INYO CO. : near Mono Pass, California records (map 17).--This species has 12,000 ft. 1 9, VIII-19-56 (C. D. MacNeill, CIS). a distribution similar to that of Lisp naaoni, oc- Upper Rock Creek, 10,000 ft. NW. Inyo County, 1 9, curring primarily in drier, interior valleys, al- VIII-14-63 (M. J. Tauber, C. A. Toschi, CIS). MONO though records for L. neouliginosa are mostly CO.: Leavitt Meadow, 7,200 ft. 1 d, 2 2, VIII-13- from more northern areas. The flight period is 63, flight trap (H. B. Leech, CAS). White Moun- correspondingly shorter, with captures from April tains, 10,150 ft. 3 mi. N. of Inyo County, L d, 2 or May to August in most areas. However, there 0, VIII-20-63, flight trap (H. B. Leech, CAS). are two records for November in the Colorado Des- ert. The species L. patetkta is closely related to L. tentacdata, the male differing from that of L. The species L. neouZi&nosa is related to I;. tentamdata by having a shorter prolongation on nasoni, both having the palpi gradually widening fore metatarsus. The female of L. patezlata has from base to apex, the mid tibia without and hind mid and hind tibiae black, at and tibia with a mid anteroventral bristle. In males and fulvous base at apex. of both species the hypopygium is concolorous with &dormen. L. neout<&nosa differs from L. nasoni in having 3 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bris- Lispe polita Coquillett tles. (Map 18) Lispe potita Coquillett, 1904, Invert. Pacifica, Lispe patellata Aldrich Dipt. 1:34. Lispa patettata Aldrich, 1913, J. N. Y. Entomol. Type: 6, Ormsby County, Nevada (USNM) . SOC., 21: 140. Geographic range. --Alberta, California, Colorado, Syntypes: dd, Moscow, Idaho (USNM, MCZ) . Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming. Geographic range.--California, Colorado, Ida- California records.--EL DORADO CO.: Lake Tahoe, 1 d, 1 2, VIII-11-40 (R. H. Beamer, UK). INTO CO.: Syntypes: dd $9, Great Salt Lake, Utah; Pyra- Deep Springs, 1 6, VII-16-53 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). mid and Walker Lakes, Nevada; Borax Lake, Califor- Independence, 1 2, IX-1-63 (J. D. Birchim, JDB). nia (USNM) , also 1 d, Walker Lake, Nevada, and 3 Lone Pine, 1 0, VII-11-37 (C. L. Johnston). LASSEN 2, Borax Lake, California (MCZ) . CO.: Bridge Creek Camp, 1 d, VII-9-49 (R. C. Bech- tel, UCD). Hallelujah Junction, 2 2, VI-27-49 (B. Geographic range.--Alberta, California, Colo- Keh, BVC); 8 d, 5 9, VI-27-49 (D. Cox, C. I. Smith, rado, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Nebraska, UCD); 5 6, 6 0, VII-4-49 (E. L. Atkinson, P. D. Hurd, Nevada, Oregon, Saskatchewan, Utah, Washington. CIS; A. S. Deal, UCD) . Summit Camp, 8 6, 2 0, VI- CaZifonia records.--HUMBOLDT GO.: Orick, 3 28-49 (E. L. Atkinson, W. H. Wade, CIS; A. S. Deal, 9, IX-18-34 (A. L. Melander, USNM). IWO CO.: E. I. Schlinger, UCD). MODOC CO.: 15 mi. E. of Klondike Lake, 1 $!* VII-18-53 (W. D. McLennan, Cedarville, 12, VII-3-35 (J. Schuh, OSU). MONO CO.: UCD). LAKE CO.: Borax Lake, 1 d, 4 2, VIII-8- Blanco's Corral, 10,000 ft. White Mountains, 3 6, 1 11, syntypes (J. M. Aldrich, MCZ; USNM); 1 9, VIII- 9, VI-20-53 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS). Cottonwood Creek, 6-62 (G. Grodhaus, BVC). Lower Lake, Borax Lake, 16, VII-14-53 (H. Nakakihara, UCR). Crooked Creek, 6 d, 5 9, V-14-22 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). MONO 9,000 ft. White Mountains, 1 d, VI-20-53 (J. W. Mac- CO.: Black Lake, 1 9, VIII-10-62 (L. A. Stange, Swain, CIS). Mono Lake, 1 6, VI-23-37 (J. H. Mit- UCD). Topaz Lake, 1 9, VII-17-51 (A. T. McClay, chell, AM"). Sardine Creek, 1 0, VI-28-51, 10, UCD). RIVERSIDE CO.: Lake Elsinore, 3 6, XI-21- VII-12-51 (A. T. NcClay, UCD). NEVADA CO.: Floris- 34, 1 $, V-10-50 (A. L. Melander, USNM). SISKNOU ton, E. of Truckee, 1 6, VI-4-40 (M. T. and H. D. CO.: Salt Lake, 1 6, 1 $, VIII-20-32 (J. E. Davis, James, WSU). SIERRA CO.: 1 mi. W. of Sierraville, OSU) . 3 6, 4 0, VIII-3-65 (T. W. Fisher, R. Orth, UCR). The male of L. saZina may be distinguished The species L. pozita is allied to L. cotidiana, from those of related species by the dense series but differs markedly in its blackish shiny appear- of long posteroventral bristles on proximal half ance and blackish tibiae. of hind femur; the female by the striping on the Lispe probohemica Speiser thorax, which when viewed from in front has inter- (Fig. 28) serial stripes between the respective series of Lisp spinipes Aldrich, 1913, J. N. Y. Entomol. SOC., 21: 136. name preoc. acrostical and dorsocentral bristles, and a median Lispa probohemica Speiser, 1914, zool. Anz., 44: 93. vitta restricted to the postsutural region. Syntypes: 2 d 1 g? Lake Elsinore, Riverside, County, California; Lewiston, Idaho (USNM). Lispe sordida Aldrich GeograpMc range.--Holarctic; in the Nearctic: Lispa sordida Aldrich, 1913, J. N. Y. Entomol. SOC., Arizona, California, Idaho, Kansas, Mississippi, New 21: 132. Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Washington. Syntypes: dd 09, Box Elder Lake, Brigham City, California recorda.--INYO CO.: Big Pine, 1 9, Utah (USNM, MCZ). VI-16-29 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). MONTEREY CO.: Bradley, 1 d, V-23-20 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). RIVER- Geogpaphic range.--California, Colorado, Idaho, SIDE CO.: Elsinore Lake, 1 d, VIII-2-11, syntype of New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. s$nipes (J. M. Aldrich, USNM), 1 d, V-25-44 (A. L. California records.--ALAMEDA CO. : Oakland, 1 Melander, USNM). STANISLAUS CO.: 5 mi. NE. of '$, VIII-15-49 (L. W. Quate, CIS). CONTRA COSTA Crows Landing, 3 d, VII-23-60 (W. A. Steffan, CIS). CO.: Antioch, 2 9, IV-20-H] (P. D, Hurd, CIS). Males of L. probohsm I 12,000 ft. NW. Inyo County, 1 0, VIII-11-63 (M. J. 1 Tauber, C. A. Toschi, CIS). Ruby Lake, 11,250 ft., 1 d, 2 $, VIII-13-57 (D. D. Linsdale, J. Powell, I CIS). MONO CO.: White Mountains, 10,150 ft. 3 mi. 'I N. of Inyo County, 1 I$, VIII-20-63, flight trap (H. B. Leech, CAS) I TUOLUMNE CO.: Ellery Lake, Tioga Pass, 9,400 ft. 1 d, VII-3-27 (J. M. Aldrich, USNM). Sonora Pass, 2 $, VIII-21-59 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). Tuolumne Meadows, 8,600 ft. 2 $, VIII-15-16 (G. R. Pilate, USNM). Tuolumne Meadows, Soda Springs, 8,600 ft. 2 9, VIII-8-16 (G. R. Pilate, US"). The high montane species S. *tat& is one of the few species of Spizogaa known at present to occur in California that has a slender predorsal bristle in the mesopleural series, where otherwise that particular area or locus immediately below the dorsal bristle in the series remains bare (fig. 13). The male has strong erect poeteroventral bristles on the mid femur, the wings densely infuscated bas- ad, abdominal terga 1+2 mostly blackish and tergum 3 with a pair of large quadrate, narrowly divided marks. In both sexes there is no posterior bris- tle on the fore tibia, usually no anterodorsal bristle on the mid tibia, and no distinct postero- Map 23. California distribution of SpizOgoM magnipmtata ventral bristles on the hind femur. (Malloch) . Spi logona leucoqaster (Zetterstedt) Anthomyza leucogaster Zetterstedt, 1838, Ins. Lapp., black, shiny and unmarked, and the halteres with p. 674. yellow to yellowish brown knobs. The female has Eriphia biquadmta Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus., 4: 963. the frontal triangle polished, the parafrontals Spkenomyia kineaid$ Aldrich, 1919 , Proc. Entomol. shiny, and the abdomen glossy black. SOC. Wash., 21: 108. Spilogona magnipunctata (Mal loch) L~rnrtu~homnitidifrons Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 50. (Map 23) LhWpkOFQ magnipunctata Malloch 1919 Proc. Calif. Sphenomyia banffi Seamans, 1926, Can. Entomol., 58: , Acad. Sci., ser. 4 9: 301. 175. Type: 6, Tome Lappamrk, Sweden, Lhnophora ftunosa Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 48. Geographic range.--Alaska, Alberta, British Holotype: 6, Huntington Lake, California (CAS). Columbia, California, Idaho, Labrador, Manitoba, Michigan, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Oregon, Geographic range.--Alaska, Alberta, British Co- Quebec, Saskatchewan, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, lumbia, California, Colorado, Labrador, Montana, Yukon Territory. New Hampshire, Oregon, Quebec, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. CaZifornia records.--NEVADA CO.: Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mills, 1 0, VII-15-64, in malaise trap CaZifornia recurds (map 23).--This is a strictly (M. E. Irwin, UCR). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Baldwin Sierran species, having been recorded from Mt. Shas- Lake, 6,500 ft. 6 d, 3 9, V-13-55 (We R- M- won, ta (Panther Meadow) south to Sequoia National Park CNC). Big Bear Lake, 1 0, VII-26-32 (R. H. Beau-, (Uta Meadow) , primarily at elevations between 7,000 IJK) . Boulder Bay, Big Bear Lake, 1 9, VII-8-65, 5 and 10,000 feet, although there is one record from 6, 1 0, VIII-30-65, 1 d, IX-20-65 (R. E. Orth, UCR). Bishop (4,100 feet) and one from Ruby Lake (11,250 feet) in the northwest comer of Inyo County. The male of S. Zaccogaster has a densely whitish The 33 collections available in this survey were made be- gray abdomen, and with only a pair of subquadrate tween late June and early August. marks on tergum 3. In both sexes the mesonotum is S. magnipunctata has three pairs of postsutural 46 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey dorsocentral bristles, a polished haustellum, large The dark species S. obsdpennis, with infus- paired marks on abdomen, and an arista with weak cated wings in the male, differs from similar taxa pubescence, resembling in these respects the spe- in having the haustellum lightly dusted and partly cies s. anthrax. From the latter the male of s. dull. The male has a full series of longish antero- magnipunctata differs in having the calyptrae whit- ventral bristles and a few equally long posteroven- ish or yellowish tinged. The female of the two trals on the hind femur. In both sexes the scutel- species are not SO readily distinguishable, both lum has a few preapical hairs on upper border of having slender setulae on the subanal plate of the declivities. The female has the abdomen shiny and ovipositor. Specimens of S. magnipunctata vary in with obscure dark marks or patches, the ovipositor length from 4 to 6 mm. with recurrent spinules on the subanal plate, and Spilogona nobilis (Stein) the hind femur with anteroventral bristles restrict- Liwphora nobizis Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., ed to the distal half, and with short posteroventral (1897) 42: 207. bristles. Type: d, Fort Wrangell, Southeast Alaska (USNM) . ogona Geographic range.--Alaska, British Columbia, Spi 1 pseudodi spar (Frey) California, Oregon, Washington. Limophora pseudodispar Frey, 1915, Ross. Akad. Nauk Petrograd. Zap. Fiz.-Mat. Otd.(Acad. des Sci. de CaZifornia records.--CONTRA COSTA CO.: Antioch, Russie, C1. Phys.-Math.) ser. 8, 29 (10): 10, V-8-50 (P. D. Hurd, CIS). HUMBOLDT CO.: Orick, Sm., 24. 1 6, 1 0, IX-18-34 (A. L. Melander, USNM) . MARIN CO.: Corte Madera, 1 d, 33-16-53 (H. L. Mathis, Limnophom spinitibia Ringdahl, 1918, Entomol. Tid- UCD). Mill Valley, 1 2, VIII-22-52 (P. H. Arnaud, skr., 39: 151. CAS). Point Reyes Station, 2 0, X-2-57 (S. M. Fi- Type: Lena estuary, Siberia (Leningrad MUS.) del, UCD). Stinson Beach, 1 d, V-6-51 (E. I. d, Hennig. Schlinger, UCD); 2 6, 2 ?, VI-2-51 (W. C. Bentinck, teste CIS), 1 d, 111-19-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). Tomales, Geographic range.--Alaska, Birtish Columbia, 1 0, VI-11-60 (S. M. Fidel, Urn). MARIPOSA CO, : California, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Quebec, Glacier Point Road, Yosemite National Park, 1 0, Yukon Territory, and Baffin Island. VII-1-47 (A. Melander, USNM). SAN LUIS OBISPO L. CaZifornia record. --FRESNO CO. : Marie Lake, Morro Bay, 10, VIII-29-45 (A. L. Melander, CO.: 10,500 ft. 1 0, VIII-30-52 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). USNM). SAN MATE0 CO.: Redwood City, 1 d, 1 9, VI- 3-51, 1 d, IX-14-52 (P. D. Arnaud, CAS). S. pseudodi8pu.r has the epistoma extended to a The male of S. nsbilis has a broad opaque black level beyond the tip of profrons as viewed in pro- frontal vitta and large trapezoidal patches on dor- file, and the mid tibia with 1 or 2 ventral to pos- sum of terga 3 and 4 that extend ventrad along the teroventral bristles near middle of tibia. caudal borders of terga. In both sexes the para- facials and cheeks are broadly maintained, the vi- Spilogona sororcula (Zetterstedt) brissal angle prominent and with coarse setulae. Aricia sororcula Zetterstedt, 1845, Dipt. Scand., 4: Spiloqona obscuripennis (Stein) 1459. Limnophorm zetters teatic Ringdahl , 1918, Entomol Stein, 1916, Arch. Natur- . Lhophora obscuripanis Tidskr., 39: 173. gesch., (1915) Abt. A 81 (10): 93. Limnophora (Spilogaa) fuscomarginata Hucke t t , 1932, Type: d, Kantalahti, Lapland (ZMUB) Hen- teste J. N. Y. Entomol. SOC., 40: 290. nig. Types: 6 0, Scandinavia (Zool. Inst., Lund). Geographic mnge.--Alaska, Alberta, California, Colorado, Labrador, Quebec, Yukon Territory. Ceographie range.--Alaska, Alberta, British Co- lumbia, California, Colorado, Manitoba, Northwest reeo&.--NEVADA CO.: Sagehen Creek, CaZifornia Territories, Quebec, Washington, Wyoming, Yukon Ter- near Hobart Mills, 3 6, 2 3, VII-7-64, 2 6, VII-9- ritory. 64, 1 0, VII-10-64, 3 ds 3 0, VII-15-64, 4 d, 4 9, VII-16-64, in malaise trap, and of which 1 0, VII-7, Caziforn&z record. --MONO CO. : Virginia Lakes, 1 2, VII-10, 19, VII-15, 2 0, VII-16-64 have fron- 9,750 ft. 2 0, VIII-17-63 (ti. B. Leech, CAS). tal triangle partly shining as if abraded (H. E. The species S. sorocula differs from those taxa Irwin, UCR). TUOLUMNE CO.: Sonora Pass, 1 d, VIII- 21-59 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). of similar habitus and character in having an antero- Huckett: The llruscidae of CaZifomzia 47 dorsal bristle on mid tibia. In both sexes of S. sorareukz there are usually expansive marks on the ab- domen, and in the female slender setulae on subanal plate of the ovipositor. Spilogona tetrachaeta (Mal loch) Limptophorn tetrachaeta Malloch, 1920, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 46: 153. Holotype: d, Blitzen River, Oregon (I11NRS) . Geographic rage.--Alberta, California, Colo- rado, Montana, Oregon, Wyoming. CaZifornia record.--nnARE GO. : Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, 1 6, 1 0, VII-28-29 (R. H. Beamer, UK) . The species S. tetrachaeta has legs strongly bristled, and may be distinguished from kindred forms having acrosticals of a bristly nature by the presence of 1 or 2 anterodorsal bristles on the mid tibia, and by the full series of robust anteroventralbristles on the hind femur. Spi logona tundrarum Huckett Map 24. California distribution of Gynmodh (Stein) Sfibgona tundrarum Huckett, 1965, Mem, Entomol. Can., p. Soe. 42 234. dorsal bristle on hind tibia, and by the presence Holotype: d, Naknek, Alaska (CNC). of a fringe of stiffish setulae on sternum 1 of Geographic range. --Alaska, Alberta, Califor- the abdomen. adults commonly inhabit filth nia, Colorado. The and manure for purposes of oviposition, and CaZifornia record. --MONO CO. : Leavitt Meadow, the 7,200 ft. 1 0, VIII-13-63, flight trap (H. B. larvae have been bred from excrement of animals Leech, CAS). and man. (Howard, 1900: 582, Sbguy, 1937: 258, The species S. tun&- is closely allied to Hennig, 1952: 385.) S. mfitarsis (Stein)*, from which it differs in having the tibiae and tarsi blackish, and the KEY TO SPECIES OF GYMNODIA IN CALIFORNIA frons in the male narrower. Hind femur with entire series of antero- ventral bristles, those on proximal Genus Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy half much shorter and weaker, smaller Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863, Hist. Nat. Dipt. species, 3 to 3,75 mm.. cizifera (Malloch) env. Paris, 2: 635. Hind femur with anteroventral series of bristles confined to distal half, lar- EuZhphora Malloch, 1920, Trans. Am. Entomol. ger species, 4.5 to 5.75 mm. . . . . SOC., 46: 145. ercz~ta(Stein) Type-species : GymodZa pratensb Robineau- Desvoidy , monobasic (= Anthoqia pozystigma Gymnodia arcuata (Stein) Meigen, 1826). (~ap24) The genus Qmnodia Robineau-Desvoidy may be Linmophorvl arcuata Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., distinguished from L?hnopbra by the absence of (1897) 42: 201. setulae at the base of vein R.4+5 and of hairs a- Syntypes: dd 29, Tifton, Georgia (FMNH, MCZ). long the lateral margins of prosternum, the pro- Geographic range.--Occurs widely in the eastern half of North America, from Florida, Georgia, east- boscis is stocky and labellum unrestricted; from ern Tennessee, northward to Kentucky, West Virginia, Spizogona by the absence of the preapical antero- the region of the Great Lakes, South and North Da- 48 BuZZetin of the California Insect Survey kota; in the south from Texas and Louisiana, north- with dissimilar bristling. Adults are known to ward in Oklahoma and Kansas; in the southwest from frequent the courses of rivers, streams and their New Mexico, Arizona and southern California. Also from Mexico, banks, the shores of lakes and ponds. Larvae are California reoords (map 24) .--Gymodia armata aquatic or semiaquatic, and are found to pupate in is primarily cismontane in California, although the submerged shallow debris. Larvae and puparia there are scattered records from the margins of both deserts and in the White Mountains (Silver Canyon). of Limnophora discreta have been described and Adults have been taken throughout the year in coast- illustrated by Marchand (1923: 58) and Johannsen al southern California, from March to November in the San Francisco Bay area, and from May to October (1935 :42). in the Central Valley. KEY TO SPECIES OF LIMNOPHORA IN CALIFORNIA The species was recorded from about 40 localities during the present survey, representing 16 counties. 1. Wing vein M.,+2 more distinctly curved at apex than vein E. 2 Among specimens examined, adults were reared 4+5 ...... Wing vein 1+2 not more distinctly cur- from dog manure at El Cerrito, Contra Costa County, M. ved at apex than vein R.4+5 4 and from cull peaches at Fresno...... 2. Mesonotum with 3 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles, acrosticals Gymnodia cilifera (Malloch) in 2 series and lacking interserial setulae ...... invada Huckett Eulimphora cizifera Malloch, 1920, Trans. Am. En- Mesonotum with 4 pairs of postsutural tomol. SOC., 46: 145. bristles, acrosticals with several Holotype: d, Waukegan, Illinois (11l”S). interserial setulae ...... 3 3. Anterior intraalar bristle absent or Geographic range.--Arizona, California, Florida, setulose ...... cor~&~a (Giglio-Tos) Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, New Mexico, Ohio, Anterior intraalar bristle well devel- Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas , Vir- oped ...... narona (Walker) ginia. 4. Hind femur in male with a decided or CaZifornia records. --RIVERSIDE CO. : Riverside, slight prebasal bulge or thickening ventral region (fig. 21), female 1 9, 111-20-35 (A. L. Melander, USNM). SAN DIEGO CO.: on Borrego Springs, 7d, IV-27-65, 1 d, VII-5-65, 1 0, similar to that of discreta ..... VII-7-65, 1 0, VI-15-67 (S. E, Haseltine, BVC). 2 mi. incrassakz Malloch E., 3 mi. N. of Borrego Springs, 2 0, XI-9-65 (S. E. Hind femur in male with no prebaaal bulge Haseltine, BVC). SANTA CLARA CO.: Alum Rock Park, or thickening on ventral region (fig. 1 d, VII-14-62 (J. M. ROSS, BVC). 22), female pale gray, with or without mesonotal stripe, mid tibia without The diminutive species G. cizifera may be separat- anterodorsal bristle . , . diiscreta Stein ed from the larger species arcuata in that the antero- Limnophora corvina (Giglio-Tos) ventral bristles of the hind femur are continued to (Map 25) base of femur in a distinctive series as fine, much LeucomeZina corvina Giglio-Tos, 1893 [Turin Univ.] shorter bristles . Mus. 2001. ed hat. Comp., Bol. 8 (147): 7; 1895, Ditteri del Messico. Pt. 4, p. 19. Genus Lirmophora Robineau-Desvoidy Type: d, Mexico (ZMU Turin). Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, [Paris] Inst. Geographic range, --California, South Carolina, de France, [Cl. des] Sci. Math. et Phys., Acad. and Mexico. Ray. des Sci., am. prdsentds par divers Sa- vans [ser. 21, 2: 517. Cazifornia records. --LOS ANGELES CO .: Downey , 1 XI-27-33 (A. J. Basinger, CAS). Pico, Rio Type-species : L~mnophorapatustris Robineau- d, 10, Hondo River, 1 d, V-24- (C. H. Martin, HCH). Whit- Desvoidy, by subsequent designation of Coquillett, tier, 3 d, VII-26-23 (A. J. Basinger, CIS). ORANGE 1910. CO.: Brea, 1 d, VIII-25-23 (A. J. Basinger, CIS). The genus L;mraOphom, in common with Bwephalo- Peters Canyon, 2 6, VIII-30-55 (R. M. Bohart, UCD). RIVERSIDE CO.: Corona, 19, XI-1-35 (A. J. Basinger, ry&~and PseudoZirnnophoYur, has the wing vein R. 4+5 CAS). Riverside, 1 9, VI-20-34 (A. J. Basinger, with a few setulae at base, the prosternum with CAS), 1 6, 1 0, X-25-36 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS); 1 d, X-15-34, 1 2, XI-29-34, 1 d, 11-22-35, 2 d, VII-9-40, marginal hairs, and the hind tibia with the preapi- 4 d, V-25-42 (A. L. Melander, USNM); 1 d, IV-26-65 cal anterodorsal bristle lacking. Limophora dif- (L. L. Lewallen, UCR) . SAN BERNARDINO CO. : Jenks Lake, 1 6, IX-7-50 (A. L. Melander, USNM) . 1 mi. fers from the two latter segregates in having the W. of Parker Dam, 1 d, 11-23-51 (C. D. MacNeill, P. frons of the male narrower than in the female, and A. Ad-, CIS). ?Scotland, 1 d, IX-19-43 (A. L. hckett: Bze hfwcridae of CaZifornia 49 ,- -.3 I. e_*, 2-Id -i-- , IL..% ..e-- I__-_ Nap 25. California distribution cf LhophoM COhM Map 26. California distribution of LGrmopho~disa~%?ta (Giglio-Tos) . Stein. Melander, USNM) . SAN DIEGO CO. : Alpine 1 a', 1 0, feet at Ruby Lake in northwest Inyo County, and VII-9-29 (R. H. Beer, HCH). La Jolla, 1 6, VII- from the moist north coast (Smith River, Del Nor- 5-35, 2 d, 3 0, IX-29-34 (A. J. Basinger, CAS; HCH) . te County) to the margins of the low deserts SANTA BARBARA CO.: Goleta, 1 d, VI-27-59 (J. L. (Coachella Valley, Borrego). Bath, UCR) . The flies are on wing almost throughout the The species L. corvina is akin to L. IMPO~~, year at low elevations, having been collected in early February in Marin County and as late as No- from which it may be separated by the absence or vember in the Sacramento Valley and at Palm Springs. setulose nature of the anterior intraalar bristle. Elsewhere inland the flight period is shorter, from April in the deserts and May at Bishop to Limnophora discreta Stein September in the Sierra Nevada and October in Modoc County. (Figs. 22, 39, 48, 55; map 26) The species L. discreta and L. inerassata Limraophora discreta Stein, 1898, Berl. Entoml. 2. , (1897) 42: 204. are very similar in habitus, and in the female Syntypes: d $# tdgonquin, Illinois (FM"). can only be distinguished apart with difficulty. Geographic range.-Widely distributed in contin- Sn the male of L. discrwta the ventral surface of ental North America, reaching northward to Alaska hind femur as viewed in profile is evenly aligned and the Yukon Territory, thence eastward to include most of the provinces and northern states as far as or sloping proximad to extreme base (fig. 221, and Quebec and the New England region. In the East, is without an abrupt prebasal thickening or bulge occurs in Florida, and in the West in most of the Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast states to as far as in the male of L. incrassata. south as New Mexico, Arizona and California. CaZifomia records (Map 26) .--This species has Limnophora incrassata Mal loch a circum-valley distribution in California that is characteristic for widespread boreal Nearctic in- (Fig. 21, 40) sects. It occurs throughout Transition and boreal Lhophom incrassata Malloch, 1919, Proc. Calif. zones up to timberline, having been taken near sea Acad. Sci., ser. 4 9: 299. level along the central coast and the margins of the Sacramento Valley (Putah Creek), up to 11,250 Holotype: d, Huntington Lake, California (CAS). SJ mLLetzn of tne CaLzfomza lnsect Survey _- ___ __ I 1~ I t i I Map 27. California distribution of LimnOphora invada Map 28. California distribution of Limnophom naro~ Ruckett. (Walker). Geographic range.--Alaska, California, Colora- Geographic rage. --California. do, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. California records.--RIVERSIDE CO.: Palm California records.--FRESNO CO. : Cascada, Springs, 2 9, XII-25-52 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS), 1 d, 5,000 ft. 2 g, VII-29-19, paratypes (E. P. Van 1 2, 1-12-53, types (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Thousand Duzee, CAS, USNM). Huntington Lake, 7,000 ft. 1 Palm, 1 d, 4 0, 111-18-55 (D. F, Hardwick, CNC), d, 1 2, VII-28-19, types (Mrs. E. P. Van Duzee, 1 d-, IV-25-55 (W. R. M. Mason, CNC). Thousand CAS); 1 6, 1 2, same data as types, paratypes (US Palms Oasis, Thousand Palm, 4 9, 111-10-55, 1 d', NM) . GLENN CO. : Stony Creek, near Hamflton City, 111-18-55 (W. R. M. Mason, CNC). Willis Palms 1 0, VIII-11-53 (E. I. Schlinger, Urn). INYO CO.: Oasis, Thousand Palms, 1 6, 2 2, 111-8-55 (W. R. Lone Pine Creek, 8,250 ft. 1 d, VII-7-61, (D. R. Richards, CNC). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Morongo, 1 d, Miller, UCD). LASSEN CO.: Susan River Camp, 1 6, IX-26-44 (A. L. Melander, USNM). VII-10-49 (E. L. Atkinson, CIS). LOS ANGELES CO. : The species L. invada has vein M.1+2 curved for- 1 d, April (HCH). MONO CO.: Devil's Postpile National Monument, 1 6, 1 9, VII-29-54 (J. C. ward at apex as in L. corvina and L. naronu, from Downey, UCD). TULARE CO.: Giant Forest, 1 d, both of which it differs in having 3 pairs of post- VII-14-23 (C. L. Fox, CAS). TUOLUMNE CO.: Chip- munk Flat, 1 ?, VIII-9-60 (A. s. Menke, UCD). sutural dorsocentral bristles, and interserial setu- L. incrassata closely resembles L. discreta, lae sparse or absent between the two series of a- from which it may be separated in the male by a crostical bristles. prebasal bulge or thickening on ventral region of hind femora, as viewed in profile (fig. 21). Limnophora namna (Walker) (Map 28) Limnophora invada Huckett Anthomyia narOna Walker, 1849, List. Dipt. Br. Mus., 27) 4: 945. Lhophora Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Acad. Homaloqia dentata Bigot, 1885, Ann. SOC. Entomol. Types: d 9, Saint-Sauveur, France. Fr., (1884) 4: 284. La*hwphora cyrtoneurina Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Geographic range.--Alaska, Alberta, British Z., (1897) 42: 203. Columbia, California, Labrador, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Quebec, South Dakota, Wash- Types: Florida (BMNH) dd, . ington, Yukon Territory, Greenland. Geogmph$c --Widely distributed the range. in CaZifo.rnia IWCO~~~.--TUOLUMNECO.: Sonora Pass, temperate regions of North America, reaching its 9,624 feet. 2 d, VII-17-53 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD), northern limits in southern parts of the provinces 1 VII-29-54 (W. H. Lange, UCD) and throughout the northern states f rom Washington d; . to New England, thence southward across the conti- Genus Bucephalomyia Malloch nent to as far as Georgia and Florida in the East, the Gulf states in the South, Rocky Mountain and BucephaZongia Malloch, 1918, Trans. Am. Entomol. Pacific states in the West, including New Mexico, Soc., 44: 273. Arizona, and California. recorded from the Also Type-species: Tetramerim femorata Malloch Bahama Islands, Bermuda, and Mexico. (monobasic). California records (map 28) .--Limnophora narwna The genus BuoephaZomyia is allied to PseudoZirn- is one of the most ecologically tolerant insects thus far recorded in California, occurring from sea nophora in having the frons similarly broad and level on the coast and in the margins of the low de- bristled in both sexes. It differs from the latter sert to timberline above 9,000 feet in the central Sierra Nevada and above 10,000 feet in the White genus in having the apical region of vein M.1+2 Mountains. Adults are active throughout the year broadly curved cephalad, and the arista thickened all along the coast and in the Sacramento Valley and have been collected in January in Death Valley on proximal third. and as late as mid-November in the San Joaquin Val- ley. At higher elevations the flight period proba- Bucephal omyi a femorata (Mal 1och) bly lasts through the frost-free period, with records Tetrmerkc femorata Malloch, 1913, Proc. U. S. from May till September or October in most areas. Natl. Mus., 45: 603. The species L. na~~nais recorded from 50 coun- Holotype: d, Los hgeles, California (US"). ties in California and approximately 309 localities, Geographic rrmge.--Arizona, California, New a survey based on an examination of 906 specimens, Mexico, Baja California. of vhich 530 were males and 376 females. California ZWCO~~~.--ALAMEDACO.: Arroyo Mocho, 17 mi. of Livermore, 1 0, V-30-63 (J. M. Ross, The species has vein M. l+z curved forward at S. BVC). BUTTE CO.: Oroville, 1 d, VII-23-26 (H. H. apex, 4 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles Keifer, CAS). CONTRA COSTA CO.: Danville, 1 d, and 2 pairs of intraalar bristles. VI-20-51 (F. X. Williams, CAS) LOS ANGELES CO.: Big Dalton Canyon, 13 d, 14 0 VII-19-23-52 (M. T. McClay, UCD); 1 6, 1 0, VI-20-65 (M. E. Irwin, UC Genus Pseudol inophora Strobl R). Big Tujunga Canyon, 1 d, VII-19-52 (R. X. Schick, UCLA). Monrovia, 1 0, 111-2-30 (HCH). Santa Monica Pseudolimnophora Strobl, 1893, K.-k. Zoo1.-Bot. Mountains, 1 d, VII-3-50 (UCLA). Tanbark Flat, 1 $, Gessell, Wien, Verhandl. 43 (Abhandl.): 272. VII-15-56 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). NAPA CO.: Calis- Type-species: Musca triqta Fall&, by sub- toga, 1 9, V-12-60 (T. M. Street, BVC). RIVERSIDE sequent designation of Coquillett, 1901. CO.: Banning, 1 0, VII-25-59 (J. L. Bath, UCR). Deep Canyon, 1 2, V-17-63, 1 d. V-30-63, at light The genus Pseudolimnophora has the frons simi- (E. I. Schlinger, UCR). Massacre Canyon, 1 ?, v-4- larly broad and bristled in both sexes, as in BU- 65 (M. E. Irwin, UCR). Palm Canyon, 1 6, 1 I, Iv- 6-63 (R. L. Macdonald, UCD). Upper Deep Canyon near cephalomyia, thereby differing from the allied ge- Harsethief Creek, 3,400 ft. 2 d, VI-11-65 (E. I. nus Lhphora. The genus Fseudotimophora differs Schlinger, H. Wing, UCR). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Santa Ana River, South Fork, 2 d, VII-29-42, 2 6, from BucephaZomyia in having the arista slender VII-31-42 (A. L. Melander, USNM). SAN DIEGO CO.: and unthickened on proximal third, and the vein M. 1.9 mi. SE. of Laguna Junction, 3,900 ft. 2 0, VII- 23-65 (R. E. Somerby, UCR). San Diego, 1 0, VII-4- 1+2 straight to wing margin. 29, 2 d, 1 0, VII-7-29 (P. W, Oman, UK). near San Vicente Res[ervoir] , 1 9, VI-10-65 (J. C. Hall, UCR) . Pseudol imnophora nigripes (Robineau-Desvoidy) SANTA BARBARA CO. : Canon del Refugio, 1 d, 4 0, VI- Lqh~s&zdgripes Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, [Paris] 25-59 (A. E. Menke, UCD). Santa Ynez Mountains. 2 ?, Inst. de France, [Cl. des] Sci. Math. et Phys., VI-24-59 (F. D. Parker, UCD). TULARE CO.: Three Ri- Acad. Roy. des Sci., M6m. prgsentgs par divers vers, 1 g, IV-17-59 (H. R. Moffitt, UCR). VENTURA %vans [ser. 21, 2: 541. CO.: Foster Park, 1 9, VII-1-59 (M. Bruck, UCD). 52 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey The species B. femorata has a short spinular tellum is without hairs on the ventral border of apical bristle mesad on mid coxa, and, in the male, declivities. The eyes of males are not closely 2 stubby spines at apex of hind coxa and a fascicu- nor extensively approximated on the frons; the tho- lus of short spines at base of the ventral surface rax is four-striped. of hind femur. Adults with few exceptions are woodland flies, occurring on flowers and foliage, branches and Subfamily MYDAEINAE trunks of trees and shrubs. One species, Helina KGI TO GENERA OF MYDAEINAE IN CALIFORNIA punctata (Robineau-Desvoidy)*, is commonly mention- 1. Basal node to veins R.2+3 and R. 4+5 with setulae on upper and under surfaces of ed as frequenting human habitation (Sgguy, 1923: wing...... 2 247). The habits of larvae are little known. Cer- Basal node to veins R. 2+3and R. 4+5 bare, tain European species have been bred from rotting or with setulae only on under surface ofwing...... 4 wood or timber, decaying vegetation, birds' nests, Vein 1+2 curved forward at apical re- 2. M. animal feces, and the larvae are in nature believed gion, thereby narrowing the opening to cell R. 5 at wing margin a MuosDila Rondani to be predatory, commensal, or zoophagous (Keilin, Vein M. 1+2 not curved forward at apical 1917: 393; Se'guy, 1923: 240, 245, 246; 1929: 71). region...... 3 3. Profrons and cheek in profile broad, as wide as or wider than breadth of KEYS TO OF JBLINA IN CALIFORNIA third antennal segment. Xenomydaea Malloch SPECIES Profrons and/or cheek in profile not as Males wide as breadth of third antennal seg- 1. Scutellum with hairs on ventral border of ment ...... &&ea Robineau-Desvoidy declivities ...... 2 4. Hypopleura with hairs below the spiracle Scutellum hairless on ventral border of and on ventral margin of delivities of declivities ...... 3 scutellum ...... Quadrut&a Huckett 2. Hind tibia with a series of slender bris- Hypopleura bare, or if with hairs the les on posterior-posteroventral surface, declivities of scutellum are bare ven- sternopleural bristles arranged 1: 2, trad...... 5 prealar bristle long ...... 5. Prealar bristle absent, weak or setulose, basalis (Zetterstedt) abdomen without paired marks; arista Hind tibia bristleless on posteroven- subplunose; legs weakly and sparsely tral surface, sternopleural bristles bristled; upper region of head evenly arranged 2: 2, prealar bristle short . flattish across both frons and eyes, cineretta (Wulp) parafacials largely obscured from view 3. Mid tibia with a posterior tubercle or by anterior margin of eye when the head nodule, mid femur with.a loose clump of is viewed in profile; ovipositor short, short bristles near middle of anteroven- stubby and upturned . . Hebenema Schnabl tral surface . fulvisquama (Zetterstedt) Species not having the above combina- Mid tibia with no nodular excrescence tion of characters ...... on posterior surface ...... 4 HeZina Robineau-Desvoidy 4. Prealar bristle four-fifths as long as anterior notopleural bristle ..... 5 Genus He1 ina Robineau-Desvoi dy Prealar bristle shorter than four- fifths length of anterior no topleural HeZina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, [Paris] Inst. de bristle, or is absent 8 France des] Sci. Math. et Phys., Acad...... [Cl. 5. Frons at middle as wide as length of Roy. des Sci., prgsentgs par divers Sa- M6m. third antennal segment and is bristled vans [ser. 21, 2: 493. as in the female sex . . spimsa (Walker) Type-species : Helina euphemioidea Robineau- Frons narrower caudad than length of Desvoidy by subsequent designation of Coquillett, third antennal segment and is not I901 (= Anthomyia pertusa Meigen, 1826). bristled as in female ...... 6 6. Margin of the lower calyptral scale dark Species belonging to the genus HeZina lack se- brown, abdomen shining black ..... tulae on the upper surface of the basal node of nigripmnis (Walker) Margin of the lower calyptral scale veins R.2+3 and R.h5. For species at pre- known pale or yellowish ...... 7 sent to occur in California both upper and lower 7. Hind femur with a full series of long an- teroventral bristles, prosternum and surfaces are bate at this juncture of the veins. hypopleura hairless ...... The hypopleura is bare, or if with hairs the scu- obscurata (Zetterstedt) Huckett: Yhe Muscidae of California 53 Hind femur with short, fine anteroventral 17. Longer aristal hairs nearly as long or bristles on proximal half, prosternum longer than half width of third an- with marginal hairs, hypopleura with tennal segment ...... 18 setulae on upper border cephalad of Longer aristal hairs scarcely longer than the spiracle ...... rothi Ringdahl the basal diameter of arista .... 22 8. Eyes densely haired ...... 9 18. Mid femur with a short praapical anter- Eyes sparsely or finely haired, or bare .14 odorsal bristle ...... 19 9. Mesonotum with 1 or 2 pairs of well de- Mid femur without a preapical antero- veloped presutural acrostical bris- dorsal bristle ...... tles ...... orbitaseta (Stein) mZtiseriata Malloch (in part) Mesonotum without well developed pre- 19. Hind femur with several longish slender sutural acrostical bristles ..... 10 ventral-posteroventral bristles, hind 10. Hhd tibia with extensive series of lengthy tibia with usually 1, seldom 2, antero- slender anteroventral and posterior- dorsal bristles, and a series of slen- posteroventral bristles ...... 11 der long anterodorsal setulae .... 20 Hind tibia with 3 to 6 short anteroven- Hind femur without longish ventral-post- tralbristles ...... 12 eroventtal bristles, hind tibia with 2 11. Mid femur with 1 or more long bristles or 3 anterodorsal bristles, and with- at base of posterior surface, mid tibia out a series of slender anterodorsal with an irregular series of diverse setulae ...... polychaeta Huckett bristles on posterior surface, normdlly 20. Four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral 4 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristle6 present, hind femur with the bristles present ...... longer posteroventral bristles on proxi- pectinata (Johannsen) mal half, wings and calyptrae brownish Rid femur without posterior bristles at tinged ...... ute Snyder base, mid tibia with an even series of Three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral 3 or 4 posterior bristles, normally 3 bristles present , hind femur with the pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bris- longer posteroventral bristles on dis- tles present...... tal half, membrane of wings and calypt- muZtiseriata Malloch (in part) rae clear or partly yellowish tinged. 21 12. Hind femur with a full series of longish 21. Palpi mainly fuscous or brown, fore tibia anteroventral bristles and a proximal without a mid posterior bristle. ... series of equally long fine slender keremeosa Snyder posteroventralbristles ...... 13 Palpi mainly yellow or fulvous, at most Hind femur with the longish anteroventral the apex fuscous, fore tibia with a mid bristles confined to distal half and posterior bristle . . &i!lihumiZis Snyder without long posteroventral bristles on 22. Hind tibia with an extensive series of proximal half .....maqw&ea Snyder fine slender anterior-anteroventral 13. Narrower part of frons as wide as width bristles, hind femur without fine pos- of third antennal segment, basal region teroventrals , m-m~cross-vein unevenly of wings blackish infuscated ..... clouded, becoming blotchy or spotted bohemmi (Ringdahl) at ends ...... eothumata (Rondani) Narrower part of frons less in width Hind tibia with a series of normal, short than width of third antennal seg- anteroventral bristles, hind femur with ment, basal region of wings not black- a diffuse series of fine bristles on ish infuscated .... .rufitibia (Stein) basal region of posteroventral surface, 14. Mid tibia with 1 or 2 ventral-posteroven- m-eu cross-vein evenly clouded . . . tral bristles .....bispinosa Malloch macuZipennis (Zetterstedt) Mid tibia without mid ventral bristle . 15 23. Hind tibia with 1 or 2 bristles on proxi- 15. Hind tibia with an extensive series of mal third of posterodorsal surface . 24 fine slender posterior-posteroventral Hind tibia without posterodorsal bristles bristles, the longer bristles about on proximal third ...... 26 twice as long as the width of tibia 24. Mid femur with long posteroventral bris- where situated ...... 16 tles extending distad to the preapical Hind tibia without such long posterior- third, hind femur with a full series of posteroventral bristles ...... 23 long anteroventral bristles, tibiae 16. Frons at middle wider than the distance black ...... ni&ta Malloch between first pair of dorsocentral bris- Mid femur with longer posteroventral tles, interfrontalia broad throughout, bristles restricted to the proximal as wide as the length of third antennal half, hind femur with anteroventral segment ...... pZatykarems Huckett bristles on proximal half mostly short- Frons at middle much marrower than the er than maximum height of femur ... 25 distance between first pair of dorso- 25. Lower (ventral) anterior sternopleural central bristles, interfrontalia at bristle robust, hind femur without proxi- middle much narrower than the length mal posteroventral bristles, usually 4 of third antennal segment ...... 17 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bris- 54 Bulletin of the California Trisect Survey tles present, tibiae rufous or fuscous . with hairs ...... rothi Ringdahl dupticata (Meigen) 6. Mesopleural series of bristles without a Lower anterior sternopleural bristle ab- predorsal interspatial bristle (fig. sent or weak, hind femur with short 14) ...... spinosa (Walker) posteroventral bristles proximad, us- Mesopleural series with a predorsal in- ually 3 pairs of postsutural dorsocen- terspatial bristle (fig. 13) .... 7 tral bristles present, tibiae fulvous . 7. Abdomen black and shiny, with scant pru- spuria Malloch inescence, knobs of halteres usually 26. Mid and hind femora black except on largely darkened . . nigz%pennis (Walker) apical region ...... WZis var. Abdomen with dense grayish pruinescence, Mid and hind femora fulvous ...... 21 knobs of halteres mainly yellow ... 27. Thorax gray-black, including humeral cal- obsnurrta (Zetterstedt) losities and scutellum, hind tibia with 8. Mid tibia with a mid ventral-postero- a fringe of fine posteroventral setulae ventral bristle ... bispinosa Malloch along distal half and usually with only Mid tibia without a mid ventral bristle . 9 1 mid anterodorsal bristle ...... 9. Mid femur without a preapical anterior procedens (Walker) bristle, or if present setulose ... 10 Thorax with scutellum andfor humeral cal- Mid femur with a preapical anterior bris- losities partly or entirely yellowish or tle present ...... 15 reddish, hind tibia without a fringe of 10. Nesonotum with 1 or 2 pairs of well-de- fine posteroventral setulae on distal veloped presutural acrostical bristles . half, and usually with more than 1 anter- mbitaseta (Stein) odorsalbristle ...... 28 Mesonotum without well-developed pre- 28. Wings usually with cross-veins clouded, sutural acrostical bristles ..... 11 usually with 4 pairs of postsutural dor- 11. Kind femur with a full series of antero- socentral bristles present ...... 29 ventral bristles ...... 12 Wings with cross-veins unclouded, usually Hind femur with longish anteroventral 3 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles confined to distal half . . 13 bristles present ...... 30 12. Mid tibia with anterodorsal bristle(s) . 29. Thorax fulvous, at most with dark median bohemani (Ringdahl) vitta on mesonotum ...... Mid tibia without an anterodorsal bris- troene var. fuZvivmtrh (Bigot) tle ...... rmfitibia (Stein) Thorax not entirely fulvous, exclusive 13. Legs black, at most hind tibiae rufous of median vitta ..... troene (Walker) tinged, calyptrae densely yellowish . 30. Thorax mainly fulvous, abdomen by con- mrguerita Snyder trast gray-black, the two colors sharp- Femora and tibiae mostly fulvous, calyp- ly delimited at union of thorax and ab- trae not densely yellowish ..... 14 domen ...... bico Zorata (Mallo ch) 14. Cross-veins clear, postsutural dorsocen- Thorax and abdomen mainly gray-black, not tral bristles usually 3 pairs .... sharply differentiated in contrasting multiseriatu Malloch colors ac point of union . humitis (Stein) Cross-veins clouded, postsutural dorso- central bristles usually 4 pairs . . Females pectinatu (Johannsen) Hind tibia with 1 or 2 short posterodor- 1. Scutellum with hairs on ventral surface 2 15. . sal bristles on proximal half 16 Scutellum without hairs on ventral sur- .... Hind tibia without posterodorsal bris- face.. 3 ...... tles on proximal half 18 2. Legs black, prealar bristle long ...... basalis (Zetterstedt) 16. Hind femur with a full series of antero- One or more tibiae more or less fulvous, ventral bristles ...... 17 prealar bristle short. . &nerelk (Wulp) Hind femur with anteroventral bristles 3. Prealar bristle long ...... 4 restricted to distal half of femur . PreaYar bristle short or absent .... 8 dupZicata (Meigen) 4. Aristal hairs as long or longer than half 17. Mid and hind femora and tibiae blackish the width of third antennal segment, n-ta Malloch sternopleural bristles arranged 2:2 . 5 Mid and hind femora mostly or entirely Aristal hairs scarcely longer than the fulvous, tibiae fulvous . . spuria Malloch basal diameter of arista, sternopleu- 18. Mid and hind femora mostly or entirely rals 1:2 ... ful~squama(Zetterstedt) fulvous ...... 19 5. Hind femur with a full series of longish Mid and hind femora mostly fuscous or anteroventral bristles, prosternum and blackish ...... 27 the upper border of hypopleura cephalad 19. Scutellum entirely gray-black ..... of the spiracle hairless ...... 6 procedens (Walker) Hind femur with longish anterowntral Scutellum partly or entirely yellowish bristles confined to distal half, pro- or reddish ...... 20 sternum and upper border of hypopleura 20. Thorax entirely fulvous, abdomen by con- Huckett: The Muscidae of California 55 t ras t gray-black, the two colors sharp- ly deliu&ted at union of thorax and ab- domen ...... bicolorata (Malloch) Thorax and abdomen not sharply differen- tiated in contrasting colors at point of union, or if so abdomen usually spotted and 4 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles present ...... 21 21. Four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles usually present ...... 22 Three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles usually present ...... 24 22. Palpi brown, hind femur with anteroven- tral bristles on proximal half, longer aristal hairs fully as long as half the width of third antennal segment ... Ute Snyder Palpi yellow, hind femur with anteroven- tral bristles restricted to distal half, aristal hairs shorter than half the width of third antennal segment ... 23 23. Thorax fulvous, with or without a median vitta on rnesonotum ...... troene var. fuldvmtr& (Bigot) Thorax not entirely fulvous, exclusive of median vitta ..... tmene (Walker) 24. Sternopleural bristles arranged 2:2, hind femur with 1 or 2 anteroventral bristles on proximal third ...... 25 Sternopleural bristles 1:2, hind femur Map 29. California distribution of Helim bieoZomta without anteroventral bristles on proxi- (Malloch). mal third ...... hdlis (Stein) 25. Kind tibia with 2 anterodorsal bristles . pZatykarenos Huckett Hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal bristle . 26 He Zina ky Lemyioides Malloch , 1920, June. Trans Am. 26. Humeral callosities concolorous with me- Entomol. SOC., 46: 137. sonotum, palpi rufous brown, or infusca- Type: d-, Lycksele Lappmark (Zool. Inst., Lund) . ted, partly or entirely so ...... keremeosa Snyder Geographic Mnge.--Alaska, Alberta, British Humeral callosities partly or mostly yel- Columbia, California, Colorado, Labrador, Manitoba, lowish, palpi mostly yellow except at Montana, New Mexico, Northwest Territories, Nevada, apex ...... ~ZZihdZis Snyder Oregon, Quebec, Utah, Washington. Also Kamchatka 27. Calyptrae densely yellowish, aristal Peninsula. hairs as long as width of third antennal California records.--LASSEN CO.: Susan River segment, eyes with hairs. margusrita Snyder Camp, I 0, VII-9-49 (A. T. McClay, UCD). NEVADA Calyptrae pale, hairs not longer aristal CO.: Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mills, 1 d’, VII- than half width of third antennal seg- 7-64, 1 d, VII-9-64, 1 9, VII-15-64, 1 d, VII-16- ment, eyes bare ...... 28 64, in malaise trap (M. E. Irwin, UCR). TUOLUMNE 28. Third antennal segment about as long as CO,: Tuolumne Meadows, 1 ?, VIII-1-40 (R. H. Bea- distance between oral vibrissae, m-cu mer, m). cross-vein evenly clouded ...... macuZipennis (Zetterstedt) The species H. basalis and H. cinerella have Third antennal segment shorter than disd one or more hairs on the ventral margins of decli- tance between oral vibrissae, m-cu cross vein unevenly clouded, becoming blotchy vities of scutellum. The former species may be or spotted at ends (Rondani) . . cothmata separated from the latter by the long prealar bris- --Helina basalis (Zetterstedt) tle and the presence of only one anterior sterno- Anthonyaa basalis Zetterstedt, 1838, Ins. Lapp., pleural bristle. p. 663. Helina bicolorata (Ma loch) Ar&a flav$squwna Zetterstedt, 1849, Dipt. Scand., 8: 3287. (Map 29) Mydaea flavocazptrata Stein, 1920, May. Arch. Natur- Aricia bicoZorata Malloch, 1919, Proc. Calif. Acad. gesch., (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 31. Sci., ser. 4, 9: 253. >tl BulLetZn or the L'aLzfornza insect >urVey SOC., 46: 142. Holotype: 6, Waukegan, Illinois (111~~~). Geographic range.--British Columbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Manitoba, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. California records (Map 30) .--Helina bispinosa occurs in semtarid places throughout much of interi- or California, on both sides of the Sierra Nevada, in the Central Valley, and its adjacent canyons, and in the southern California mountains and desert margins. Most flight records are for June and July, particularly at higher elevations, but the species may exhibit two generations, in spring and fall, at low elevations. There are records from March to November in the Central Valley, April to September along the central coast, and July to October in southern California. The species H. bispinosa and the northern taxon H. setifer Huckett* have one or two ventral bristles near middle of mid tibia. H. bispinosa differs from H. setifer in having an anterodorsal bristle on mid tibia and fulvous tibiae. He1 i na bohemani (Ri ngdahl ) Mydaea bohmani Ringdahl, 1916, Entomol. Tidskr., Map 30. California distribution of 8eeCinu bispinosa 37: 235. Malloch. Type: d, Lule Lapprnark (NHM Stockholm). Geographic range.--Alaska, California, Colora- .%&ea aperta Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., (1918) do, Utah, Yukon Territory. Abt. A 84 (9): 28. California reeopd. --NEVADA CO. : Sagehen, near Holotype: a', Hood River, Oregon (CAS). Hobart Mills, 1 9, VII-4-62 (J. Powell, CIS). Geographic range.--British Columbia, California, The species H. bohemani is allied to H. rufiti- Oregon, Washington. bia, from which the male may be distinguished by California recopds (map 29).--This western bo- real species follows the Vancouveran Province along the wider frons and the blackish infuscation on the coast southward to southern Monterey County and basal region of wings; the female by the presence ranges into the central Sierra Nevada at moderate elevations (3,000 to 6,000 feet). The flies are of 1 or 2 anterodorsal bristles on mid tibia and active through the warmer months, from April to the blackish mid and hind femora on the proximal September in the San Francisco Bay area and June to August further north and in the mountains. two thirds. The species H. bicolorata may be distinguished Helina cinerella (van der Wulp) from its congeners by the sharply contrasting colors (Map 31) of thorax and abdomen at their point of union, the Arick &nere1kt van der Wulp, 1867, Tijdschr. En- thorax fulvous, the abdomen gray-black. Certain tomol., 10: 150. specimens of H. troene var. fuluiventris, develop- Aricia van-der-wdpi Schnabl, 1888, Hor. SOC. Ent. ing a similar condition, may usually be separated ROSS., 22: 387. owing to the presence of 4 pairs of postsutural dor- AF~& breds Stein pp., 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., (1897) 42: 180. socentral bristles and/or paired spots on the abdomen. Helina aldriehi Snyder, 1949, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Helina bispinosa Malloch Hist., 94: 122. Type: d, Wisconsin (MNH Leiden). (Map 30) Geographic range.--Widely distributed in the Helina bispinosa Mallo&, 1920, Trans. Am. Entomol. north temperate region of continental North Ameri- Huckett: 13re Muscidrre of California 57 Map 32. California distribution of He2k cothurnata (Rondani) . cay reaching its northern limits in central Alaska, mora may be blackened. In many of the female speci- the Yukon, the upper region of the Mackenzie River mens there is a posterior bristle near middle of Basin, and in the provinces from Manitoba eastward to southern Quebec and Labrador, thence southward the hind tibia, and seemingly the ventral hairs of to the states bordering the Great Lakes; in the the scutellum may be lacking. west, along the Rocky Mountains from British Colum- bia and Alberta to Colorado and Utah, and on the He1 ina cothurnata (Rondani ) Pacific coast from Washington to California, and inland in Nevada. (Map 32) California records (map 31).--This is a boreal SpLZogaster cothwllata Rondani, 1866, Atti SOC. species which ranges southward into California a- Ital. Sci. Nat., 9: 116. long the north Coast Range and Sierra Nevada at Type: near Pam, Italy. moderate to high elevations (mostly 6,000 to 8,000 d, feet, up to 11,250 feet at Ruby Lake in northwest Geographic range.--Alaska, British Columbia, Inyo County), and into the San Bernardino Mountains California, Idaho, Indiana, New Hampshire, North- of southern California. Flight records are during west Territories, New York, Washington. the summer, June to August in the Sierra Nevada, California --ALAMEDA : Berkeley , May to July in the San Bernardino Mountains. records. GO. 1 2, 111-25-51 (P. D. Hurd, CIS). Oakland Hills, The species H. einsrelta, as in H. basalis, near Mills College, 1 9, 111-22-59 (C. D. MacNeill, CAS). CONTRA COSTA GO.: Orinda Cross Road, 1 d, typically has hairs on ventral margin of declivi- 19, 111-4-49 (E. G. Linsley, CIS). MARIN CO.: ties of scutellum. The former differs fromH. ba- Inverness, 2 9, 11-13-61, 1 9, 111-4-61, 10, IZI- 25-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS); 1 $, 18-4-63 (P. H. Ar- in having shorter prealar bristle, not as salis a naud, CAS). Mill Valley, 1 9, 11-22-53 (H. B. long as the anterior notopleural, and by the pre- Leech, CAS), 1 9, IV-5-6-65 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). SAN FRANCISCO CO.: San Francisco, 0, IZI-30-19 sence of 2 anterior sternopleural bristles. The 1 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS), 2 9, 111-25-64 (P. H. Ar- species may have 3 or 4 pairs of postsutural dor- naud, CAS). SAN MATE0 CO.: Redwood City, 1 0, II- 1-53, 6 6, 11-8-53, 1 11-9-53 (P. Arnaud, socentral bristles, and exhibits considerable vari- d, H. CAS). SMTA CRUZ CO.: 15 mi. N. of Santa Cruz, 2 ation in the extent to which the mid and hind fe- 6, 11-3-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). JV Bulletin of the California Insect Survey The species H. cothmata is related to H. ma- Hetina tubercuZata Malloch, 1913, Can. Entomol. , 51: cuzipennis, both species having the femora black, 277. hind tibia normally with only 1 mid anterodorsal Type: d, Lule Lappmark (MNH Stockholm) teste Stein. bristle, and the aristal hairs only slightly long- Geographic range. --Alaska, Alberta, British Co- er than the basal diameter of arista. The male of lumbia, California, Colorado, Labrador, New Hamp- H. cothmata differs from that of H. macuZipennis shire, Northwest Territories, Quebec, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Yukon Territory and Com- in the absence of posteroventral bristles on the mander Xslands . hind femur and by the presence of numerous long CaZifomia record. --TUOLUMNE-MARIPOSA CO. : slender anteroventral bristles on the hind tibia. Yosemite National Park, 1 0, VIII-1-40 (L. J. Li- povsky , UK) . In the female of H. cothmata the third antennal The male of H. ful&squama may readily be re- segment is shorter than in the female of H. macu- cognized by characters given in the key. In both ZipennG, and the infuscation blotchy at ends of sexes of this robust specFes the prealar bristle is m-cu cross-vein. long, the aristal hairs not longer than thebasal diameter of arista, and only one anterior sterno- -He1 ina dupl i cata (Mei gen) pleural bristle is present. Anthomyia duplicata Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr. , 5: 92. He1 ina humi 1 is (Stein) -__I_ Types: d ?, locality not stated (Germany?). Myduea humitis Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch. , Geographic range. --Widely distributed in the (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 32. north temperate region of continental North Ameri- Type: d, Guemes Island, Washington (ZMUB). ca, attaining its northernmost limits in central Alaska, the northern reaches of the Yukon, North- Geographic rrmge. --Arizona, British Columbia, west Territories, and Quebec, thence from British California, Colorado, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan eastward to as CaZifomzia rt?cords.--MARIN CO : Point Reyes, far as southern Labrador, the northeastern states, . 1 d, V-15-37, variant (R. C. Dickson, HCH); 1 $, and the region of the Great Lakes; in the west, a- 111-3-52 (W. W. Middlekauff, CIS). Redwood Creek, long the Rocky buntains from to Colorado, Idaho 1 d, V-17-08 (E. C. Van Dyke, HCH). MOWC CO.: and on the Pacific coast from Washington to Califor- Cedar Pass, 1 d, VI-29-55 (J. R. Jessen, UCD) nia, and inland in Nevada. Also from Kamchatka . MONTERPY CO.: Asilomar, 1 0, IX-1-45 (A. L. Me- Peninsula. lander, USNM). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Soquel, 1 d, VI- California records. --&-A CO. : Berkeley, 2 18-20-50 (M. T. James, WSU). d, IX-9-36 (C. A. Hamsher, UCD). MONO CO.: Sar- H. hwrrilis has the scutellum in male varying dine Creek, 8,500 ft. 1 d, 1 0, VII-11-51 (A. T. Mc Clay, UCD). MONTEREY CO.: Big Sur, 1 $, V-21-36 from partly reddish or yellowing to entirely con- (C. A. Hamsher, UCD). NAPA CO.: Mt. St. Helena, 1 colorous with the blackish mesonotum. The palpi d, V-15-51 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). SANTA CLARA CO.: Los Gatos, 1 0, 11-29-36 (C. A. Hamsher, UCD). in both sexes are rufous or partly to entirely The species H. dupzicata has a short posterodor- fuscous, the mid and hind femora entirely fulvous, sal bristle on proximal third of the hind tibia, and and the mesonotum usually with 3 pairs of postsu- thereby becomes associated with H. nGx%ta and H. rural dorsocentral bristles. X have a male from spuria. From both these species H. duplicata dif- Point Reyes that varies from 24 typical male speci- fers in having no posteroventralbristles on the hind mens of H. humiZis before me in having 4 pairs of femur, and the anteroventral bristles in the male postsutural dorsocentral bristles, the mid and are much weaker on the proximal than on the distal hind femora black except on apical region, and the half, being absent thereat in the female. Smith interfrontalia uninterrupted caudad. The scutellum (1954: 222) in England has bred the species from a- is entirely darkened. mong several larvae found under moss. He1 ina keremosa Snyder He1 ina ful visquama (Zetterstedt) Helim keremeosa Snyder, 1949, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 94 p. 156. Aricia fuzvisquama Zetterstedt, 1845, Diptera Scan- dinaviae, 4: 1491. Holotype: d, Keremeos, British Columbia (CNC). Huckett: !!!%eMuscidae of California 59 &ographic range.--British Columbia, California. Holotype: d, Preston, Washington (HCH). CaZifomia record. --MONO CO. : White Mountains , Geogmrpkk range.--California, Labrador, North- 10,150 ft. 3 mi. N. of Inyo County, 9 d, 3 0, VIII- west Territories, Ontario, Quebec, Washington, Yukon 19-20-63, flight trap (H. B. Leech, CAS). Territory. The species H. keremeosa is related to H. Oil- California record. --WIN Co. : Inverness , 1 d, 111-15-59 (C. W. O'Brien, CIS), 1 ?, 111-25-62 lihwnilis, having in the male a series of strong (C. A. Toschi, CIS); 1 d, IV-4-63 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). anteroventral bristles restricted to distal half H. marguerita may be linked to H. bohemani and of hind femur and an opposite series of much finer H, mf;t;bia, from which it differs in having much posteroventrals which opposite the pro- weaker anteroventral and posteroventral bristles on ximal bristles of the anteroventral series, and whose proximal half of hind femur. bristles gradually become longer distad. The hind Helina rnultiseriata Malloch tibiae have a profuse series of slender bristles on - Helina multiseriata Malloch, 1922 , Bull. Brooklyn ventral surfaces , the bristles becoming shorter dis- Entomol. SOC., 17: 95. tad, 1 or 2 median anterodorsalbristles and a se- Holotype: d, Pullman, Washington (Stanford ries of slender anterodorsal setulae. In the above Univ.) . Geographic rrmge.--Alberta, British Columbia, series of males the mid and hind femora vary from be- California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, ing largely fulvous to blackish on proximal two Washington, Wyoming. thirds. The female differs from that of viZZihzm6Zb California recor&.--ELWRAW CO. : Echo Lake, 1 9, VII-11-53 (W. W. Middlekauff, CIS). INYO CO.: having the humeral callosities concolorous with in Rock Creek, 1 $, VI-22-37 (J. H. Mitchell, AM"). the mesonotum and the palpi more extensively darkened. LASSEN CO.: Hallelujah Junction, 1 2, VII-12-54 He1 ina macul ipennis (Zetterstedt) (J. A. Powell, CIS). MARIWSA CO.: Village, Yose- mite National Park, 1 0, VIII-3-62 (R. R. Dreis- AP~& macuZ Helina marguerita Snyder Spibgaster crepuscuz&s Stein, 1898, Berl, Ento- mol. Z., (1897) 42: 201. HeZina margztedta Snyder, 1949, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Type: d, St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hist., 94 p. 137. Ontario (BM"). 60 BuLLetin of the CaZifornia Insect Survey - - -r -,..-.J . L~ 2 _I__ Map 33. California distribution of HetiM nigripmi5 Map 34. California distribution of Hdka nigrita Malloch. (Walker). Geographic range. -Widely distributed in the Helina niqrita Malloch north temperate region of North America, occurring in southern Alaska, in British Columbia, Alberta, (Figs. 38, 47, 56; map 34) and eastward in Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New- HeZina nGrita Malloch, 1920, Trans. her. Entomol. foundland, southward in Michigan and Massachusetts; Soc., 46: 139. in the west from the Rocky Mountain states of Idaho and Montana to Utah and Colorado, and from the moun- Holotype: d, Monida, Montana (IllWNS). tainous regions of Washington to California, and Geographic range.--Alberta, California, Colorado, inland in Nevada. Manitoba, Montana, North Dakota, New Mexico, Saskat- California records (map 33) .--Although Helina chewan. nighpermis exhibits a rather broad ecologic distri- CaZifomia records.--ALPINE CO.: Hope Valley, bution, from Transition Zone foothills to above 11,000 1 S, VII-18-48 (L. W. Quate, CIS); 1 d, VI-7-52 feet in the Sierra Nevada and into the Great Basin in (R. M. Bohart, UCD). AMADOR CO.: 4 mi. N. of Silver Lassen County and the edge of the Mojave desert in Lake, 3 2, VII-25-55 (J. 6. Downey, VCD). EL DORAW Inyo County, its range in the state is restricted to CO.: Bijou, Lake Tahoe, 1 2, VI-27-29 (E. P. Van the Cascade-Sierra Nevada chain. The flies have Duzee, CAS). Grass Lake, 3 ?, VII-5-62 (M. E. Irwin, been collected only during mid June to late August. UCD). Grass Lake, Luther Pass, 1 9, VII-24-55 (J. The present survey is based on about 50 records C. Downey, UCD). Wright's Lake, 3 6, VII-2-48 (D. in 16 counties. Carter, K. W. Tucker, CIS). FRESNO CO.: Pioneer Basin, 10-11,000 ft. 1 6, VIII-19-53 (E. I. Schlin- The male of H. niggpennis may readily be dis- ger, UCD). LASSEN CO.: Summit Camp, 1 9, VI-28-49 tinguished from among its congeners by the brownish (H. A. Hunt, UCD). MARIPOSA CO.: Porcupine Flat, 2 6, 1 p, VIII-2-62 (R. and K. Dreisbach, HCH). upper calyptra1 scale and whitish lower with dark MONO GO.: 1 mi. S. of Saddlebag Lake, 3 o', 5 2, VII- brown margin. In both sexes the abdomen is shiny 15-61 (D. R. Miller, UCD; G. I. Stage, CIS; J. S. Buckett, CAS). Sardine Creek, 8,500 ft. 7 d, 10 $, black, with scant pminescence, the mesopleural VI-28-51 (C. A. Downing, A. T. McClay, E. I. Silver, series of bristles with a slender predorsal inter- S. M. Kappos, UCD), 1 d, VII-6-51 (A. T. McClay, UCD), PLUMAS CO.: Bucks Lake, 5 d, 1 2, VII-1-49 (E. I. spatial (fig. 13), and the knobs of halteres usually Schlinger, W. H. Wade, UCD). Johnsville, 1 9, VI- blackish in the male and darkened in the female, 28-64 (M. E. Irwin, UCR). TUOLUMNE 60.: Bumble Bee, Huckett: The Mwddae of California 61 10, VI-25-51 (A. T. McClay, UCD). Dardanelles, 3 Helina orbitaseta (Stein) a', 1 0, VI-26-51 (A. T. McClay, UCD). 7 mi. NE. of Dardanelles, 1 d, VI-7-60 (W. A. Steffan, CIS). Arecia orbitaseta Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z. , Gaylor Lakes, 10,500 ft. Yosemite National Park, 1 0, (1897) 42: 186. VII-8-46 (H. P. Chandler, CAS). Mt. Conness, 1 d, 1 Type: Q, Moscow, Idaho 2, VII-23-36, 1 d, 1 0, VII-25-36, base of mountain, (FM"). 1 d, VII-29-36 (CIS). Sonora Pass, 1 0, VII-26-62 (C. Geographic range.--Arizona, California, Idaho, D. MacNeill, D. C. Rentz, M. R. Lundgren, CAS); 1 d, Missouri, Utah, Washington. VIII-10-63 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). Tilden Lake, Yose- records.--HUMBOLDT CO.: 1 mi. N. of mite National Park, 1 0, VII-29-18 (CIS). Tioga CaZifomzia Samoa, 1 0, VIII-20-62 (R. Doty, BVC). MONO Pass, 1 1 4, VII-8-46 P. Chandler, CAS); 2 GO.: d, (H. 9, Leavitt Meadow, 7,200 ft. 2 d, 1 0, VIII-13-63, VII-31-40 (L. P. Lipovsky, UK). Tolumne Meadows, flight trap (H. B. Leech, CAS). SAN BERNARDINO CO. : 8,600 ft. 1 0, VIII-15-16 (G. R. Pilate, USm). Fawnskin, 9 d, 4 0, VII-29-61, 1 VII-30-61 C. Youngs Lakes, Yosemite, 1 0, VII-23-36 (CIS). 6, (G. Eickwort, MSUM). SAN DIEGO CO.: Laguna Mountains, The species H. nigrita has 1 or 2 short postero- 1 d, VII-6-29 (R. H. Beamer, UK). SHASTA CO.: Hat Creek, 1 0, V-29-52 (G. Pronin, CAS). SISKIYOU CO.: dorsal bristles on the proximal third of hind tibia, Mt. Shasta City, 1 0, VIII-26-58 (J. Powell, CIS). and thereby may be associated with 8. dupzicata and TUOLUMNE CO.: Saucer Meadows, 2 0, X-13-63 (R. E. Doty, BVC). Yosemite, 3,880-4,000 ft. 1 d', 1 0, fi. spka, from both of which it may be separated V-26-31 (E. 0. Essig, CIS). by the blackish tibiae, and full series of longish The species H. orbitaseta may be distinguished anteroventral bristles on hind femur. The mid tibia from allied species characterized by having dense of the male of H. nigrita has 3 lengthy posterior hairs on the eyes of the male and by the absence of bristles and a long preapical postero-posterodorsal. a preapical anterior bristle on mid femur of the In both sexes the prealar bristle is quite short. female, by the presence in H. orbitaseta of 1 or 2 Helina obscurata (Meigen) pairs of well-developed presutural acrostical bris- Anthoqia obsmrrata Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr., 5: tles. 89. Helina pectinata (Johannsen) HeZina nasoni Malloch, 1920, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 46: 138. Adcia brevis Stein p. p., 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., (1897) 42: 180. Type: d, locality not stated, Germany? Mydaea (SpiZar%a) pectinata Johannsen, 1916, Trans. Gsographic range.--Widely distributed in the Am. Entomol. SOC., 42: 392. boreal regions of continental North America, reach- ing northerly to central Alaska, the Yukon and Mac- Mydaea biseriata Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., kenzie River Basin as far as Aklavik, thence east- (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 29. ward across the provinces to Quebec and Labrador, HeZina mirnetica Malloch, 1920, Trans. Am. Entomol. southward to New Brunswick and the states bordering SOC., 46: 142. the Great Lakes; in the west, across the Rocky Moun- tains from British Columbia and Alberta to Utah and Holotype: d, Ithaca, New York (CU). Colorado, and on the Pacific coast from Washington GeogMphic rage. --Alberta, Arkansas , Arizona, to California. British Columbia, California, Colorado, Maine, Minne- Catifornia records.--ALPINE CO.: Hope Valley, sota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, 1 d, VI-7-52 (R. M. Bohart, HCH). DEL NORTE CO.: Ontario, Quebec, South Dakota. Smith River, I d, VII-25-32 (J. M. Aldrich, USNM). CaZifomia records.--LOS ANGELES CO. : Camp Bal- HWOLDT CO.: I mi. N. of Samoa, 1 9, VIII-20-62 dy, l d, VII-11-50 (W. 0. Marshall, UCD). MONTEREY (R. Doty, BVC) . MONO CO. : Sardine Creek, 8,500 ft. CO.: Cannel, 1 0, VI-15-28 (L. S. Slevin, CAS). 5 d, 5 0, VII-6-18-51 (A. T. McClay, UCD) . The male of H. pectinatu may be distinguished The species H. obscurata has a full series of from those of its relatives by the presence of one long anteroventral bristles on the hind femur, and or more strong bristles at the base of the posterior a predorsal interspatial bristle in the mesopleural surface of mid femur. The female of H. pectinata series, thereby agreeing with H. nigfipennis, from has a restricted series of anteroventral bristles on which it differs in having the calyptrae of the male distal half of the hind femur as in the female of H. pale, nonbrowned, the abdomen of the female with multiseriata, from which it differs in having normal- distinct and extensive pruinescence, and in both ly 4 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles and sexes the knobs of the halteres paler. a distinct clouding of the cross-veins. 62 BuLZetin of the California Insect Survey Helina platykarenos Huckett He'lina platykarenos Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Acad. i I Sci., ser. 4 34: 286. i Holotype: d, Leavitt Meadow, Mono County, Cali- i fornia (CAS). I I Geographic rqe.-California. I GaZifomzia records.--MONO CO.: Leavitt Mea- dow, 7,200 ft. 1 d., l $, VIII-13-63, at flight trap, type series (H. B. Leech, CAS). The Hot Springs, 2.5 mi. S. of Bridgeport, 1 d, 7 0, VIII- 15-63, at flight trap (H. B. Leech, CAS). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: Morro Dunes, 1 2, IX-6-45 (A. L. Me- lander, USNM). The species H. platykarenos has the frons in the male broad and bristled as in the female, as in the case of H. spimsa. The legs of H. platy- karenos are fulvous, and the female may be separ- ated from those of similar habitus by the presence UUJWN!A INSECT WRVM of 2 anterodorsal bristles on the hind tibia. -UE-W- U*IVLRMfT OF cALI~OR*IA Me1 ina polychaeta Huckett Belina polychaeta Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4 34: 288. Holotype: d, Leavitt Meadow, Mono County, Ca- Hap 35. California distribution of Helim procedem lifornia (CAS). (Walker). Geographic range and Ca'lifornia record--MONO GO.: Leavitt Meadow, 7,200 ft. 1 6, VIII-12-63, at flight trap, holotype (H. B. Leech, CAS). The male of H. pozychueta closely resembles coastal plain and desert margins and in the Sacra- mento Valley, with isolated records in the Trinity that of H. obsminervis (Stein)*, a species whose Mountains (Carrville) and White Mountains. There record from California and Oregon I have been un- are no records for the Sierra Nevada or Coast Ranges, including the dry inner valleys. The sea- able to verify. The male of H. pozychaeta differs sonal activity is also unusual in that the flies from the male of H. obscurinervis in having a are active throughout the year in the central coastal area and Sacramento Valley, with many re- Longer series of longer bristles on the postero- cords for nearly every month. In southern Califor- ventral surface of hind tibia. nia adults have been taken from March to October, while the isolated mountain records represent sum- He1 ina procedens (Walker) mer months. (Mae 35) This survey is based on about localities in &cia procederis Walker, 1861, Trans. EntomoLSoc. 50 19 counties. London, 5: 315. The species pmcedem has the thorax entire- Spihgaster uniseta Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., H. (1897) 42: 192. ly gray-black, including humeral callosities and Type: 2, Mexico (BMNH). scutellum, thereby differing from allied species. Geographic range. --Occurring in the eastern There is usually present only lbristle near middle half of North America, from North Carolina north- of the anterodorsal surface of hind tibia, and in ward along the Atlantic littoral to the New Eng- land states, reaching its northern range in the the male a fringe of fine posteroventral setulae on provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and in the states the distal half of tibia. bordering the Great Lakes; in western North Ameri- ca, from Arizona and California northward to Wash- ington, and in the Rocky Mountain region from New --He1 i.na rothi Ringdahl Mexico, Utah and Colorado to Montana, Alberta and Mydaea marmorata Stein (not Zetterstedt), 1916, British Columbia. Also from Mexico. Arch. Naturgesch., (1915) Abt. A 81 (10): 64. California records (map 35).--This species has Helina marrnorata Malloch (not Zetterstedt), 1921, distribution in California, occurring along the Can. Entomol. , 53: 104. Huckett: The Muscidae of California 63 Iielina rothi Ringdahl, 1939, Opusc. Entomol., 4: 150. new name for nrannorata of authors. Type: d, Kittila, Finland (ZMUB) teste Hennig. Geographic range. --Widely distributed in north temperate region of continental North America, reaching as far north as central Alaska and the Yu- kon, and extending eastward to Manitoba and the pro- vinces of Ontario, Quebec, Labrador and New Bruns- wick, thence southward in New England, the states bordering the Great Lakes, and in South Dakota; in the west, from the Rocky Mountain region of Alberta to Colorado, and on the Pacific coast from British Columbia to California. CaZifornia records. --ALPINE CO. : Hope Valley, 1 d, VII-9-48 (C. Chan, UCD). FL WRADO CO.: Echo, 1 d, VIII-10-40 (R. H. Beamer, UK). Echo Lake, 7,400 Et. 10, VII-15-62 (W. W. Middlekauff. CIS). Luther Pass, 1 d, VII-6-59 (P. 8. Arnaud, CAS). LASSEN CO. : Susan River Camp, 1 d, VII-10-49 (A. T. McClay, UCD) . MARIPOSA CO.: Glacier Point Road, Yosemite National Park, 1 d, 1 0, VII-1-47 (A. L. Melander, USNM). HDW 00.: Sardine Creek, 8,500 ft. 1 d, VII-11-51 (D. P. Lawfer, UCD), 1 d, VII-29-54 (J. C. Downey, UCD). 4 mi. SW. of Tom's Place, 1 0, VII-13-61 (H. V. Daly, CIS). MONTEREY CO.: Monterey, 1 d, VIII- 10-38 (R. I. Sailer, UK). NEVADA CO.: Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mills, 3 9, VII-7-64, 2 9, VII-9- 64, 1 0, VII-10-64, 1 d, 8 0, VII-15-64, all in ma- laise trap (M. E. Irwin, UCR). SIERRA CO.: Webber Map 36. California distribution of Hetinu mfitibia (Stein). Lake, 6,780 ft. 1 d, VII-4-65 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). TULARE CO.: Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, 1 gely represented by Transition Zone and montane lo- p, VII-28-29 (R. H. Beamer, UK). TUOLUMNE CO.: Tio- calities with intrusions into desert margins in ga Pass, 1 6, VII-31-40 (L. J. Lipovsky, UK). Tuo- canyons and along river systems into the Sacramento lumne Meadows, 8,600 ft. 1 d, 1 9, VIII-8-16, at Soda Valley (Davis) and the Mojave Desert (Needles). Ab- Springs; 2 d, 5 0, VIII-15-16 (G. R. Pilate, USNM). sence of collections from the north coast and moun- The robust black species H. rothi may be separat- tains may be due to lack of sampling. ed from its congeners by the presence of hairs on The adults are active throughout the year in southern California, there being records for near- the prosternum and setulae on the upper border of ly every month in the Riverside-Palm Springs area, the hypopleura cephalad of the spiracle. and the few records for the central coast indicate the same pattern. Inland the flies have been col- lected from March in the foothills and on the east Helina rufitibia (Stein) side of the Sierra Nevada, through the summer at (Map 36) higher elevations , where the species ranges up to 9,000-10,000 feet in the central Sierra Nevada and A16e-i~rufitibia Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., White Mountains. There are two records for Decem- (1897) 42: 181. ber at Needles. Algonquin ,* Illinois Lawrence, Smtypes : dd $2, ; This survey is based on records from more than Kansas; Tifton, Georgia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 50 localities in 20 counties. (FM",USNM, MCZ). Geographic range. --Widely distributed in the Helina spinosa (Walker) temperate region of North America, reaching its (Fig. 14) northern limits in the provinces and bordering states, from Washington and Alberta to the Great Anthomyia spinosa Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus., Lakes Region, New England and Quebec, from thence 4: 926. southward to include of the Atlantic states as most &cia latifmtata Malloch, 1918 , Trans. Am. Entomol. far as Georgia in the East, the Gulf States in the SOC., 44: 270. South, the Rocky Mountain and Pacific states in the West to as far as New Hexico, Arizona and southern Types: d g, St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, California. Ontario (BMNH). California pecords (map 36).--The widespread &ogmphic range.--Alaska, Alberta, British occurrence of HeZha mfitibia in the State is lar- Columbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Labrador, 64 BuZLetin of the CaZifornza Insect Survey Manitoba, Montana, New Mexico, Northwest Territory, tending to the proximal third, and thereby the species Ontario, Oregon, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Utah, Wash- ington, Wyoming, Yukon Territory. for diagnostic purposes may be associated with H. dup- It differs from the latter in having a full CaZifomia records.--EL DORADO CO. : Lake Tahoe, licata. 1 2, VIII-11-40 (L. J. Lipovsky, UK). Luther Pass, series of anteroventral and 1 or 2 proximal postero- Grass Lake, 1 d, VII-24-55 (J. C. Downey, UCD) . ventral bristles on the hind femur. In both sexes LASSEN CO.: Bridge Creek Camp, 1 d, VII-9-49 (E. L. Atkinson, CIS). Summit Camp, 1 9, VI-28-49 (W. the tibiae are fulvous. The species is closely relat- H. Wade, CIS). MONO CO.: Sardine Creek, 8,500 ft. ed to nigribasis (Stein)*. 1 d, VII-11-51 (R. W. Morgan, UCD), 3 6, 4 5, VII- H. 12-18-51 (A. T. McClay, UCD). 4 mi. SW. of Tom's Place, 1 d, VII-13-61 (J. S. Buckett, CAS). NEVADA --Helina troene (Walker) CO.: Prosser Creek, 6,300 ft. near Hobart Mills, 1 d, VII-13-61 (J. G. Chillcott, CNC). Sagehen Creek, Anthomyia troene Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus. , 6,500 ft. near Hobart Mills, 1 2, VII-13-61 (B. H. 4: 936. Poole, CWC); 1 2, VII-15-64, in malaise trap (M. E. Anthomyh Zysinoe Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus., Irwin, UCR) . PLUMAS CO. : Buck's Lake, 1 d, VII-1- 4: 938. 49 (W. H. Wade, CIS). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Barton Flats, 2 d, VIII-3-42 (A. L. Melander, USNM). Upper Spitogaster amoeba Stein, 1898, Berl, Entomol. Z., Santa Ana River. South Forks Meadow. 1 6, VI-25-48 (1897) 42: 190. (J. L. Sperry, USNM). SAN DIEGO CO;: Pine Lake, 1 Spizogaster pubiceps Stein, 1898, Berl, Entomol. 9, no date (Johnson, USNM) . SHASTA CO. : Summit Lake, Z., (1897) 42: 194, 1 d', VII-2-47 (T. F. Leigh, CIS). SIERRA CO.: Smlth Mill, 15 mi. SE. of Sierraville, 2 $, VII-4-60 (F. D. Type: '2, Nova Scotia (BMNH). Parker, UCD). TULARE CO.: Giant Forest, Sequoia Geographic range.--Widely distributed in the National Park, 1 $, VII-28-29 (P. W. Oman, UR). temperate region of North America, reaching its TUOLUMNE CO.: Glacier Point, Yosemite National Park, northern limits in the provinces and bordering 1 d, VII-26-53 (A. and 8. Dietrich, HCH). Leland states, from British Columbia and Washington east- Meadow, 1 d, VIII-5-60 (A. S. Menke, UCD) . Pinecrest, ward to the Great Lakes Region, the Maritime Prov- 1 d, 2 0, VII-12-47, 1 6, 2 0, VII-25-47, 1 2, VIII- inces, Newfoundland and Quebec, thence southward 4-47, 1 d, VII-17-48 (P. H. Amaud, CAS); 2 d, 1 9, through New England and along the Atlantic coast VII-3-51 (C. A. Downing, UCD). Tuolumne Meadows, to as far as South Carolina and Georgia in the East, 8,600 ft. 1 ?, VIII-15-16 (G. R. Pilate, USNM). occurring in Kentucky and Oklahoma in the South, The robust black species H. spinosa has the frons the Rocky Mountain and Pacific states in the West, attaining its southern limits in New Mexico, Arizo- in the male moderately broad, and bristled after the na and southern California. pattern of the female. The female mag be distinguish- California records. --Helina troene is widespread ed from those of H. nigripermis and H. obsnulata by through inland valleys of the coast ranges from Humboldt to San Diego County, in the margins of the the absence of a predorsal interspatial bristle in the Central Valley and the deserts, and throughout the mesopleural series, the locus thereat bare (fig. 14). Sierra Nevada, mostly at moderate elevations but with occasional records ranging to 9,000-10,000 feet. A complete seasonal picture is not available He1 ina spuri a Mal 1och for Helina troene, but evidently this species is HeZina spuria Malloch, 1920, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., not active during winter to the extent that are 46: 144. other ubiquitous muscids in California. With the exception of a few March collections in the Sacra- Holotype: d, San Luis Obispo, California (CAS). mento Valley, there are no records for January, Geographic range.--California, Colorado, Oregon. February, or March and very few later than mid-No- vember. In most low to moderate elevation areas CaZifomia records.--LOS ANGJZLES CO.: Santa Mo- the flies are active from April till October or nica Hountains, l d, VII-3-50 (UCLA) . RIVERSIDE CO. : November, even in the interior northern counties. Riverside, 1 2, 111-17-35 (A. L. Melander, USNM). At high elevations (to 8,000-9,000 feet) records are SAN BERNWINO CO.: Mt. Home Canyon, San Bertiardino for July and August. Mountains, 1 6, V-13-47 (A. L. Melander, USNM). SAN DIEGO CO.: Pine Valley, 1 2, IV-24-20 (E. P. Van A total of 194 specimens were recognized as be- Duzee, CAS). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO. : San Luis Obispo, longing to typical troene, comprising 94 males and 1 d, IV-24-19, type (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). SANTA 100 females, and were recorded from 34 counties and CRUZ CO.: Santa Cruz, 1 d, 111-25- (R. Latta, HCH). approximately 90 localities. I have assigned to YOLO CO.: Rumsey, 1 d, 111-31-56 (E. A. Kurtz, UCD). typical troene those specimens that possessed a darker thorax than in H. fulviventris, as indicated The species H. spuria has 2 or 3 widely spaced by areas of grayish suffusion in the chitin to more posterodorsal bristles on hind tibia, the series ex- marked and extensive darkening in color. Specimens f i Huckett: .The Mus&dae of Californ&z 65 having the thorax and abdomen wholly darkened or the wings and calyptrae... The female, as in the male, grayish but for a yellowish tinge on the scutellum has 4 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles and may be separated from associated taxa of similar aspect by the presence of usually 2 anterodorsal the palpi fuscous. bristles on the hind tibia and 4 pairs of postsu- tural dorsocentral bristles on the mesonotum. He1 ina vi 11i humi 1is Snyder --Helina troene var. fulviventris (Bigot) Helina viZlihlmriZis Snyder, 1949, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 94: 156. Spilogaster fuZuiuent&s Bigot, 1885, Ann. SO~.En- tomol. Fr., (1884) ser. 6, 4: 291. Holotype: d, Lane's Redwood Camp, Humboldt Coun- ty, California (USNM). b@&z?a V~aStein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 36. Geographic Mnge.--British Columbia, California. Type: d, California (University Museum, Oxford). Californ& records.--HUMBOLDT GO.: Lane's Red- wood Camp, 1 d, no date, type (J. M. Aldrich, US- Geographic range. --British Coldia, California, NM) . LAKE CO.: Soda Bay, 1 (E, VII-25-58, at Nevada, Oregon, Washington. light trap (R. E. Dolphin, UCR). LOS ANGELES CO.: California records.-- A total number of 136 San[ta] Mon[ica] Mountains, 1 $, V-14-33 (CAS); 1 0, VII-3-50 (HCH). SISKIYOU CO. : Harburg, 1 specimens were recognized as belonging to the variety 6, fuzviuentrh, comprising 52 males and 84 females, V-1951 (D. W. Robinson, CDA). and were recorded from 34 counties and approximately The species H. ViZZihtoniZis is allied to H. 73 localities. keremeosa, from which it differs in having the pal- The species H. troene (Walker) is one of the pi mainly yellow. The fore tibia in both sexes more numerous and widely distributed components of has a mid posterior bristle, and the humeral caf- Helirta in California, among which are specimens in losities of the female are partly or mostly yellow- both sexes that have the thorax fulvous, entirely so ish. except occasionally for the presence of a darkened median strip on the mesonotum. The abdomen is more Genus Quadrulari a Huckett variable in its coloration, and may be quite gray. QuadruZa Pandell6, 1898, Rev. Entomol. Fr. ,17:51. I have regarded the varietal name fuZviventvYis (Bigot) name preoc. Rafinesque 1820. as applicable to these specimens with a fulvous SpiZmia Malloch, 1921, Ann Mag. Nat. Hist,, ser. 9 8: 226. name preoc. Schnabl 1911. thorax. They may be separated from H. bicoZorata by Quadrularia Huckett, 1965, Mem. Entomol. Soe. Can., the slightly shorter arista1 hairs, usually clouded 42 p. 262. new name. cross-veins the partly to entirely yellowish abdo- , Type-species : Anthomyza annosa Zetterstedt , by men, and by the presence not uncommonly of 4 pairs of designation Coquillett, 1901. postsutural dorsocentral bristles on the thorax. The genus Quadrulda differs from Helina in having hairs on the hypopleura adjacent the antero- --Helina Ute Snyder ventral border of spiracle, and on the ventral mar- Nezina ute Snyder, 1949, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., gin of declivities of scutellum. The species have 94: 155. several hairs at base of the posterior notopleural Holotype: d, Card Canyon of Logan Canyon, Utah bristle. (AM") - Adults possess habits similar to those of HeZi- Geographic range.--California, Utah. m, being most conspicuous on the blossoms and fo- California records.--MOWC CO. : Lily Lake, 7 mi E. Pine Creek, 1 d, VII-11-57 (J. Powell, CIS). SISKI- liage of flowers, shrubs and trees, of the roadsides, YOU CO.: McBride Springs Campground, Nt. Shasta, 1 fields and woods. Little is recorded concerning 8, VIII-5-63 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). habits of the larvae. The male of H. ute may be separated from those of its allies possessing lengthy ventral bristles on TO SPECIES OF IN CALIFORNIA the hind tibia, by the longer posteroventral bristles KEY QUADRULARIA 1. Hairs on the hypopleura restricted to an- the hind femur being situated on the proximal rath- on teroventral border of spiracle, not de- er than the distal half, and by the brownish tinge to scending in series across the hypopleura, 66 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey scutellum with hairs on the ventral mar- Types: d $, Paris. gin of declivities discontinued tmard range.--Widely distributed in continen- apical half annosa (Zetterstedt) Geographic . . . . . tal North America, reaching northward as far as Cen- Hairs on the hypopleura descending ven- Alaska, the Yukon and Northwest Territories, trad in lineal series across the hypo- tral northern Quebec, thence to Labrador, Newfoundland pleura, hairs of the ventral margin of and the Maritime Provinces, southward across the scutellar declivities present on apical continent to as far North Carolina and Tennessee and basal halves 2 as ...... in the East, Kansas, Colorado and Utah in the West, 2. Narrower part of the frons in male wider New Mexico, Arizona and southern California in the than maximum length of second antennal Southwest. segment, female whitish gray and with wings hyaline ...... punctata (Stein) CaZifomia records.--This species is widely dis- Narrower part of the frons in male not tributed in Transition and Boreal Zone regions of wider than maximum length of second an- California, being recorded from approximately 135 lo- tennal segment, female brownish gray calities in 39 counties. Records indicate that and wings tinged basad . , , , , . , . Quadmtlaria laetifica does not occur on the coastal Zaetifica (Rob ineau-Desvoidy) plain in southern California, and flight data gener- ally show a longer activity period in coastal areas Quadrul aria annosa (Zetterstedt) to the north, with collections in every month in the Monterey or San Francisco Bay areas. In the Anthoqza mmsa Zetterstedt, 1838, Ins. Lapp., p. mountains of southern California, the Coast Range and 663. the Sierra Nevada the flies are on the wing from May Aricia muttisetosa Strobl, 1898, Naturwiss. Ver. or June to September or October. The species ran- Steirmark Mitt. (1897) 34: 238. ges up to timberline at 10,000 feet in the central Sierra Nevada and in the White Mountains. Type: 0, Torne Lappmark (Zool. Inst. , Lund) . During this survey 325 specimens were examined, Geographic range. --Alaska, Alberta, Arizona, of which 168 were males. California, Colorado, Idaho, Labrador, Manitoba, The species Maine, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, is closely allied to Q. punctata, Quebec, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wyoming. from which it usually may be separated by its dark- California records.--MODOC CO.: Lily Lake, 7 er cast, with wings tinged proximad. In the male mi. E. Pine Creek, 5 13, IX-24-63 (J. Brooks, A. E. the calyptrae are usually yellowish and the eyes M. Barnes, BVC). MONO CO.: Leavitt Meadow, 7,200 ft. 1 d, 1 2, VIII-13-63, flight trap (H. B. Leech, separated at narrower part of the frons by a dis- GAS). PLACER CO.: Tahoe City, 1 d, no date (H. G. tance less than in punctuta. Dyar, USNM) . TUOLUMNE CO. : Emigrant Lake, 1 d, Q. IX-10-62 (T. M. Street, BVC). Pinecrest, 1 d, VIII- 16-48 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). guadrularia punctata (Stein) The species &. armosa differs from Q. laetifica Mcia pzolctata Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., and Q. punctata in having hairs on the ventral bor- (1897) 42: 182. der of declivities of scutellum restricted to basal Syntypes: dd $9, "Colorado" and Fort Collins, half, hairs on the hypopleura restricted to antero- Colorado; South Dakota (FIT", USNM, FEZ). ventral border of spiracle, bristles on the apical Geographic ?%?age.--Alberta, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, third of posteroventral surface of hind femur in Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, the male not longer than the respective bristles Washington. thereat on mid femur. CaZifornia records.--EL DORADO CO. : Echo Lake, 2 6, VIII-10-52 (S. B. Freeborn, UCD). TUOLUMNE CO: Quadrul ari a laeti fica (Robineau-Desvoidy) Lake Eleanor, 1 0, VII-2-51 (A. T. McClay, UCD). The species Q. has a whitish gray cast, Musca lucomdm Fall&, 1823, Monographia Muscidum pmctata Sveciae, Muscides, p. 55. name preoc. with wings clear proximad and calyptrae whitish. Myduea Zaetifica Robineau-Desvoidy , 1830, [Paris 1 The eyes of the male are more widely separated at Inst. de France, [Cl. des] Sci. Math. et Phys., than in males of Acad. Roy. des Sci., 6.prgsentgs par divers the narrower part of the frons Q. Savans [ser. 21, 2: 500. laetifica. Anthomyia pykne Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus., 4: 928. Genus Hebecnema Schnabl Anthomyia solita Walker, 1852, Ins. Saund., 1: 354. Hebecnem Schnabl, 1889, Hor. SOC. Entomol. Ross., Anthomyia incerta Walker, 1852, Ins. Saund., 1: 354. 23: 331. Huckett: The Muscidae of California ... Xenaricia Malloch, 1918, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 44: 272. Type-species: Anthomyia dratica Meigen, by subsequent desigantion of Coquillett, 1901. The male in Rebeenema has the eyes large and flattened across dorsty as viewed from in front. As a result the frons is severely restricted by the approximation of the eyes, the cheeks constricted caudad by the intrusion of the eyes ventrad, the parafacials linear. The legs are slender and in both sexes weakly and sparsely bristled. Adults are often found in moist and densely shaded surroundings in parks, woods and forest. The habits of larvae are little known, and are bas- ed chiefly on rearings of wnbratica from droppings of cows. (Sgguy, 1950: 385; Hennig, 1956: 143). KEY TO SPECIES OF HEFiECNEMA IN CALIFORNIA Mid and hind femora and all tibiae ful- vous or yellow ...... 2 Mid and hind femora blackish, tibiae , ~ ~~ . -. notfulvous...... 3 &-- . ___ Scutellum fulvous ...... fuZ#a (Bigot) Map 37. California distribution of Rebemema futva (Bigot). Scutellum blackish . . nigrbozor (Fall&)* Knobs of halteres browned, dark purple or blackish ..... vespertinu (Fall&) Knobs of halteres mainly yellow or part- ly reddish tinged ...... 4 Eyes haired, sparsely so in female; Hebecnema fulva (6 got) male abdomen subovate, densely pearly- (Map 37) gray, in female speckly and more or less pruinescent ... w&rutica (Meigen) Spilogaster fuha Bigot, 1885, Ann. SOC. Entomol. Fr . Eyes bare; abdomen in male subconical, (1884) ser. 6 4: 289. thinly pruinescent, in female mainly Type: 2, Washington Territory (University Mus., glossy and devoid of pruinescence ... Oxford). affinis Malloch aogmrphic range.--Alaska, British Columbia, Ca- Hebecnema affinis Malloch lifornia, Idaho, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oregon, Washing- ton. Hebemema affinis Malloch, 1921, Can. Entomol., 53: 214. California records (map 37) .--This species shows a characteristic circum-valley distribution and is Holotype: d, Rutland, Vermont (Boston Univ. apparently restricted to Transition Zone situations, 1964). occurring in the mountains only up to about 6,000 GeogmEphic range. --Europe ; Alaska, Alberta, Ca- feet. The adults have been collected from mid Januar lifornia, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hamp- to mid November in the central coast area and from shire , New York , Oregon, Quebec, Washington, Yukon June to November in other regions. Territory. Records are available from about 45 localities ir Cazifornia records.--MARIN CO.: Stinson Beach, 22 counties. 10, VIII-15-38 (R. H. Beamer, UK). SONOMA CO.: The species H. fuha has the legs fulvous, and Camp Meeker, 1 0, VII-8-60 (H. H. Keifer, CDA). typically also the thorax and abdomen. But I find cc The species H. affinis may be linked to dmtica, -- siderable variation in this regard concerning the thc from which it differs in having the eyes hairless. ax and abdomen, both of which may be considerably in- The abdomen of the male is blackish, subconical and fuscated or blackish. The palpi may be partly or en nore thinly pruinescent than in H. wnbratioa, in the tirely yellow or infuscated. female smooth and largely devoid of pruinescence. 68 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey Hebecnema umbratica (Meigen) Anthomyia wnbratica Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr., 5: aa. Type: 6, locality not stated, Germany? (loca- tion unknown). Geographic rcolgs.--The species occurs in the temperate region of continental North America, from southern Alaska to northern California, and from the Dakotas to Oklahoma in the West, thence easterly in Ontario and states located in the Great Lakes Region to as far as Quebec and New England in the North, southward to include most of the states bordering the Atlantic littoral to as far as Geor- gia and Tennessee in the South. CaZifOrnia record. --DEL NORTE CO. : Smith Riv- er, 2 d, VII-8-30 (J. M. Aldrich, USNM). The species H. Lcmbratica has the eyes distinct- ly haired in the male and more sparingly so in the female. The abdomen of the male is subovate and pale grayish pruinescent. The female is with dif- ficulty differentiated from that of H. affinis. The species has been bred from cow dung (Laurence, 1953: 282). Map 38. California distribution of Rebermerm uespertim Hebecnema vespertina (Fall&) (Fall&). (Map 38) Musca vespertinu Pall&, 1823, Monographia Musci- dum Sveciae, Muscides, p. 58. The species H. vespertina may be distin- Types: d $, Southern Sweden. guished from its allies by the darkened, often pur- Geographic range.--Of wide occurrence in the plish black knobs of the halteres. temperate region of continental North America, reaching as far north as central Alaska and Yukon Genus tjyospi 1 a Rondani Territory, southwestern border of the Northwest Territories, northern Manitoba, central Quebec, and MyoSpik Rondani, 1856, Dipt. Ital., Prodr., I: 91. southern Labrador in the east. Southward across Type-species : Musca meditabunda Fabricius , by the continent to include most of the states in New original designation. England and Great Lakes Region, from thence to as far south as North Carolina, Georgia, and Kansas. The genus is represented in North America by In the west from Alberta, Idaho, and Washington to the single taxon M. meditabunda (Fabricius). Char- Arizona and California in the southwest. acters proposed for the recognition of the species CaZifornia records (map 38) .--Hebemema vesper- t~nudisplays a similar distribution in Transition are applicable for delimiting the genus, and may Zone areas to that of H. fuha, but the present be found in the remarks pertaining to M. m@ditabW- species ranges somewhat more broadly, into Upper Sonoran situations along riparian intrusions into da. Larvae of the species have been bred from hu- the Central Valley and in canyons adjacent to both man feces, the dung of domestic animals, vegetable deserts. Like H. fuZua, H. oespertina evidently does not live much above 6,000 feet in montane ar- decomposition, and are regarded in their later in- eas. The flies have been collected in every month stars as eventually carniverous in habit (Howard, except December and January in the San Francisco Bay area, and from May to August in other parte of 1900: 576; 1901: 44; SCguy, 1923: 347; Thomsen and northern California and the Sierra Nevada. In Hammer, 1936: 579; Hennig, 1956: 116; Coffey, 1966: southern California the species flies in the moun- tains from May to September and has not been taken 217). The immature stages and their biology have in coastal areas with the exception of two records been recorded and illustrated by Keilin (1917: 388); at San Diego in March and April more than 50 years ago. Stork (1936: 103); and Thomson (1937: 308). Huckett: The hscidae of CaZiforniu 69 Myospila medi tabunda (Fabricius) France, [Cl. des] Sci. Math. et Phys., Acad. Roy. des Sci., dm. pr6sent8s par divers Sa- tiusca rneditabwzda Fabricius, 1781, Species insecto- vans [ser. 21, 2: 479. rum exhibentes eorum differentias specificas, synonyma, auctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosin. Opsoksia Coquillett, 1910, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 2: 444. 37: 580. Cyrtoneura quadrisetosa Thomson, 1869, In K. Sven-- Type-species : @&ea scuteZZarh Robineau- ska Vetenskaps-Akademiens, Kongliga svenska Desvoidy, by subsequent designation of Coquil-, fregatten Eugenies resa omkring jorden. Pt. 2. lett, 1901 (= Musca paguna Fabricius, 1794). Zoologie. [Sec.] I: Insekter, p. 549. The genus Wdaea has the base of wing veins R. Curtonevra unthonydea Bigot, 1887, Bull. SOC. 2001. 2+3 and R. 4+5 setulose on upper and under surfaces, Fr., 12: 614. vein M. 1+2 is not curved forward at apex and the Cscrtonevra nigriceps Bigot, 1887, Bull. SOC. 2001. Fr., 12: 615. frons of the female is without cruciate bristles. Types: Sex not indicated, Copenhagen, Denmark, The profrons and cheeks are not broadly prominent, Italy (Kiel Mus.). as is the case in Xenontgdaeu. Adults occur in com- Gsographio range. --Widely distributed in contin- mon with other species of the subfamily on blossom ental North America, reaching as far north as cen- tral Alaska, the Yukon and Northwest Territories, and foliage of flowers, shrubs and trees, in fields eastward to Quebec, Labrador and the New England and woodland. Certain species are known to visit States, westward across the continent to include most of the provinces, northern and western states, fresh droppings of birds and cattle for purposes of and extending as far south as North Carolina, Geor- oviposition and selfnourishment. The larvae have gia and Tennessee in the East, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas in the South, New Mexico, Arizona and south- been bred from cow dung, and in their later instars ern California in the Southwest. are believed to be zoophagous and canabalistic CuZifomiu records. --This species occurs through- (Keilin, 1917: 396-398; Laurence, 1953: 282; Hennig, out much of the state from the north coast to the desert margins. Adults of @jOSPikZ meditabzprda have 1956: 120, 136). Other species have been reared been recorded from April to December in cismontane from certain fungi (Keilin, 1917: 398; Ringdahl, southern California and February to November in the San Francisco Bay area. Elsewhere the season is 1924: 43; Niblett, 1955: xxxix; Hennig, 1956: 125, generally shorter, but the flies have been collact- 134). ed in January in the Owen's Valley and in February in the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys. The species apparently does not range up to timberline, with records to about 8,500 feet in the Sierra REP TO SPECIES OF MYDAEA IN CALIFORNIA Nevada and 10,000 feet in the White Mountains, 1. Legs blackish , . . . . obsmeZta Malloch and flight records are restricted to the summer All tibiae, at least, fulvous . . . . . 2 months in all the mountain and northern areas. 2. Aristal hairs shorter than width of The species M. meditabto2da is recorded from 46 third antennal segment . . furtiva Stein Aristal hairs as long as width of third counties in California, and from approximately 182 antennal segment . . . pizifera Xuckett localities. The survey was based on an examina- Mydaea furtiva Stein tion of 428 specimens, of which 249 were males and %&ea furtiva Stein, 1920 May, Arch. Naturgesch., 179 females. Adults may be distinguished from oth- (1918) ht. A a4 (9): 32. er California h?yheinae by the forward curvature @&ea pers-hrizis Malloch, 1920 June, Trans. Am. of vein M. &+2 at apex, thus narrowing the opening Entomol. SOC., 46: 134. to cell R. 5 at wing margin. The basal node of Type: P, Mt. Constitution, Orcas Island, Wash- ington (ZMUB) . veins R. 2+3 and R. L,+S has setulae on upper and un- Geographic rcmge.--Alaska, Alberta, British der surfaces of wing. The female has cruciate Columbia, California, Connecticut, Idaho, Labrador, bristles on the frons. Larvae may be regarded as Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Northwest Territories, Oregon, Quebec, Vermont, predators and scavengers inhabiting the droppings Washington. of domestic animals in the field (Mohr, 1934:5,6). CaZifomia records.--DEL NORTE CO. : Smith River, 2 d, 1 $, VII-8-30 (J. M. Aldrich, USNM). EL WRADO Genus Mydaea Robineau-Desvoidy CO.: Echo Lake, 7,400 ft. 1 9, VII-26-22 (E. 0. &@&?.ea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, [Paris] Inst. de Essig, CIS). 70 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey The species M. furtiva differs from species of than the posterior notopleural bristle. The hind Mydaea with fulvous tibiae in having the aristal femur of the male has a full series of anteroven- hairs as long to only slightly longer than the ba- tral bristles, which on the proximal half consists sal diameter of arista. of fine slender bristles, that are as long as the height of femur where situated, and exten- M.ydaea obscure1 1 a Mal loch also an sive series of fine short posteroventral bristles. Mydaea obscureZZa Malloch, 1921, Can. Entomol., 53: 10. Genus Xenomydaea Mal 1 och Lectotype: g, Priest Lake, Idaho, IX-3-19 (A. Xenomydaea Malloch, 1920, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., L. Melander) (USNM). 46: 144. Geographic range.--Alaska, British Columbia, Type-species: Xenomydaea buccata Malloch, by California, Connecticut, Idaho, Michigan, Northwest original designation (= Myakea otiosa Stein). Territories, Ontario, Oregon, Quebec, Tennessee, The genus Xenomydaea is closely related to My- Yukon Territory (also in northern Europe). ha, from which it may be separated by the more CaLifomia records.---A CO.: Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley Hills, 1 8, 111-25-58 (J. A. Powell, prominent development of the profrons, parafacials CIS). CONTRA COSTA CO.: El Cerrito, 2 d, IX-5-64, and cheeks, notably in the buccal region. Little 1 d, 2 0, IX-8-64 (D. D. Linsdale, BVC). MARIN CO.: Inverness, 1 0, IV-4-63 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Mill has been recorded concerning the habits of adults Valley, 1 d, V-16-26 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS); 1 d, and larvae. QIIL-23-55, at light trap (H. L. Mathis, UCD). SAN FRANCISCO CO.: San Francisco, 1 6, VI-28-61 (J. Deweese, CIS) ; 2 0, V-19-63, 3 d, 2 0, 111-19-64, 1 0, IV-6-64, at flight trap (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). SAN KEYS TO SPECIES OF XENOMYDAEA IN CALIFORNIA MATE0 CO.: La Honda Road, Skyline Boulevard, 1 d, Males VIII-16-52 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Memorial Park, 1 d. 1 $, VII-19-64 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). TUOLUMNE CO.: 1. Margins of calyptrae dark brown .... Sonora Pass, 1 d, VIII-21-59 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). fuscomarginata (Malloch) Margins of calyptrae not dark brown . . 2 The species Y. obsmetla has the legs black, 2. Eyes separated at narrower part of frons aristal hairs slightly longer than half the width of by a distance nearly equal to the third antennal segment, and the calyptrae distinctly length of third antennal segment . . 3 Eyes separated at narrower part of frons yellowish. The series of parafrontal bristles in by a distance not wider than the the male are continued caudad to a level opposite breadth of third antennal segment . . 5 3. Tibiae fulvous, abdomen with paired dor- the apex of the ocellar triangle. The fore tibia of sal marks on the terga . . otiasa (Stein) the female usually has a mid posterior bristle. One or more tibiae blackish, or rufous 2 to yellowish brown, abdomen without Mydaea i1 fera Huckett paired marks ...... 4 %--- 4. Cross-veins clouded, fore and mid tibiae (Fig. 16) without a mid ventral-aosteroventral Mydaea pdifera Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Acad. bristle ...... rnacuZipemis Huckett Sci., ser. 4 34: 289. Cross-veins unclouded, fore andlor mid tibiae with a mid ventral-posteroven- Holotype: d, Saddleback Mountain, Lincoln tral bristle nudiseta (Stein) County, Oregon (CAS)...... 5. Fore and mid tibiae with a mid ventral- Geographic -e.--Alberta, California, Ore- posteroventral bristle, mesonotum gon, Washington. and abdomen with yellowish pruines- cence 6 Califomia records. --DEL NORTE CO : Rowdy ...... Fore and mid tibiae without a mid ventral- Creek, Smith River, 1 d, VII-11-30 (J. M. Aldrich, USNM). HUMBOLMC CO.: Fort Sward, 1 9, V-25-35 posteroventral bristle, mesonotum and (E. 0. Essig, CAS). MARIN CO.: Inverness, 1 0, abdomen with whitish pruinescence . . hirtiventrk (Malloch) Arnaud, IV-4-63 (P. H, CAS). Mill Valley, 1 $, Tibiae fulvous, mid and hind femora IX-11-45 (E. L. Kessel, CAS); 1 0, X-8-54 (H. L. 6. Mathis, UCD): 1 6, IV-5-6-65 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). broadly so on distal third, calyp- trae yellowish ROSS, 1 6, V-25-55 (H. L. Mathis, UCD)...... armatipes matipes (Malloch) The species M. pizifera has the tibiae fulvous, Tibiae rufous, mid and hind femora the longer hairs of arista as long as width of blackish except ventrad on distal third, calyptrae yellowish brown ...... third antennal segment, the prealar bristle longer anatipes fusdpes Huckett Females 1. Fore and mid tibiae with a mid ventral- posteroventralbristle ...... 2 Fore and mid tibiae without a mid ven- tral-posteroventralbristle . . . . . 3 2. Tibiae fulvous, mid and hind femora ful- vous on distal half or entirely so, calyptrae yellowish tinged ...... armatips crrpna-h$es (Malloch) Tibiae rufous, all femora black except at apex and ventrad on distal third, calyptrae brownish tinged ...... matipes fics&pss Huckett 3. Margins of calyptrae dark brown, knobs of halteres dark purple, wing veins evenly dark brown throughout . . . . . fus coma.rg (Map 39) Map 39. California distribution of Xenomydaea ammtipes Qdaea amMta Malloch, 1920, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc., amatips (Malloch), black symbols, and X. a. fuscipee 46: 135. name preoc. Stein,1918. Huckett, black and white symbols. Mydaea armatips Malloch, 1921, Can. Entomol., 53: 10. new name. Mydaea armipes Malloch, 1921, Can. Entomol., 53: 10. near the middle of fore and mid tibiae respectively. Holotype: 0, Gallatin County, Montana (IllNLZS). The subspecies mmatipes has the tibiae fulvous and range.--Alberta, Arizona, British Co- Geographic calyptrae yellowish in distinction to those of fuS- lumbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Yukon Ter- cippes . ritory. CaZifomzia reeor&.--ALPINE CO.: Hope Valley, 1 p, VII-18-48 (S. A. Sher, CIS). AHADOR CO.: 4 mi. H. of Silver Lake, 1 0, VII-25-55 (J. C. Dmey, Xenomydaea armatipes fuscipes Huckett UCD). EL M)MO CO.: Strawberry, 1 d, X-17-53, 1 (Map 39) 2, X-18-53 (L. E. Campos, UCD). MONO CO.: Blanco’s Corral, 10,000 ft. White Mountains, 1 d, VI-30-58 Xenomydaea matipes fuscipes Huckett, 1966, Proc. (3. W. HacSwain, CIS). Mammoth Lake, 1 gs VII-12- Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4 34: 290. 33 (CAS). NEVADA CO.: Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Holotype: 6, Mill Valley, Marin County, Cali- Mills, 1 0, VII-6-64, in malaise trap (M. E. Irwin, fornia (CAS). UCR) . PLACER CO. : Sugar Bowl Lodge , 1 0, VII-26- 51 (CAS). SAN BERNARDIW CO, : Slushy Meadow, San Geographic runge and CuZifornk records. --ALA- Bernardino Mountains, 1 0, IX-20-65 (R. E. Orth, MEDA CO.: Berkeley, 1 $, IV-23-35 (G. E. and R. M. UCR). SWTA CO.: Kings Creek Meadow, Lassen Na- Bohart, CAS). MARIN CO. : Copper Mine Gulch, 1 9, tional Park, 1 d, VII-22-50 (L. W. Quate, CDA); 1 111-4-61 (R. Brown, CAS). Mill Valley, 1 d, IIT- SAN MATE0 CP.: d, VII-23-50 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Lassen Park 16-19, type (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). Trail, 1 d, VII-14-47 (T. F. Leigh, CIS). Memorial Park, 1 0, VII-19-64 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). The species X. annatipes has the eyes of the The subspecies fuS&pes has the femra largely male narrowly separated on the frons, and in both blackish, the tibiae infuscated to a greater or sexes may be distinguished from allied taxa by the less degree, and the calyptrae brownish, thus dif- presence of a ventral to postero-ventral bristle fering from the subspecies annatipes. Xenomydaea fuscomargi nata (Mal loch) Xenom-ydaea nudiseta (Stein) Mydaea nudiseta Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., (1918) HeZina fuscomarginata Malloch, 1919, Proc. Calif. Abt. A 84 (9): 33. Acad. Sci., ser. 4 9: 298. Syntypes : Idaho USNM) @&ea puZZa Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., (1918) dd, Moscow , (ZMUB , . Abt. A 84 (9): 35. Geographic range.--California, Idaho, Washington. Holotype: 0, San Francisco, California (CAS). CaZLfornia record.--MONO CO.: Sonora Pass, 9- 10,000 ft. 1 6, VII-10-57 (J. M. Burns, CIS). Geographic range and California records. -- SAN DIEGO CO.: Descanso Ranger Station, 1 0, III-27- The male of X. nudiseta is akin to that of X. m- 61 (P. D. Hurd, CIS). SAN FRANCISCO CO.: San Fran- finervis (Pokorny)*, from which it differs in having cisco, 1 2, IV-15-19, type (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS), 3 9, 111-2542 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). SAN MATE0 CO.: a wider frons, cheeks broadening caudad, third anten- Juniper0 Serra Park, 1 d, IV-4-64 (P. H. Arnaud, nal segment shorter than twice its width, the wings CAS). SANTA CLARA CO.: Palo Alto, 10, 111-25-95, syntype of X. puZh (Johannsen, ZMUB). San Jose, 1 brownish tinged basad, and calyptrae whitish with a $, IV-2-03, syntype of X. puZZa (Johannsen, ZMUB). trace of a yellowish tinge. Stanford University, 1 6, 11-6-56 (P. H. Amaud, HCH) ; 2 d, 1 0, 11-22-06 , type series of X. puZZa Xenomydaea otiosa (Stein) Stein (J. M. Aldrich, USNM; ZMUB). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Mt. Hermon, 1 d, 111-13-43 (9. Frick, CIS). Mydaea otiosa Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., (1918) The species X. fuswmarginata differs from its Abt. A 84 (9): 34. congeners in having the margins of upper and lower Myha buccata Malloch, 1920, Trans Am. Entomol. Soc., 46: 144. calyptra1 scales dark brown, and the knobs of hal- Syntypes: d 9, San Jose, California; Troy, Idaho teres dark purple. (ZMUB) . Geographic range.--Alaska, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Hampshire, Xenomydaea hirti ven tri s (Mal 1och) Oregon, Utah, Washington, Yukon Territory. M&?aea hirtiventris Malloch, 1920, Ohio J. Sci. , 20: CaZifornia recor=ds.--ALAHEDA CO. : Berkeley , 1 269. 6, V-1-20 (A. J. Basinger, CAS) . EL DORADO CO. : Holotype: 6, Katmai, Alaska (OSUM). Echo Lake, 7,400 ft. 1 8, VI-26-52, 1 0, VII-6-61, 1 d, VI1-8-61 (W. W. Middlekauff, CIS); 10, VIII- Geographic -Alaska, California, Washing- range. 10-52 (S. B. Freeborn, UCD). LOS ANGELES CO.: ton. Tanbark Flat, 1 6, VII-12-50 (J. C. Hall, UCD) . CaZifornia records. --MONO CO. : Mammoth Lake, 1 MADERA CO.: San Joaquin Experiment R(anch), 1 d-, d, VII-12-33 (CAS). PLACER CO.: Lakeside, Tahoe, 111-24-53 (H. E. Childs, CIS). MONO CO.: Leavitt 1 d, VI-30-27 (J. M. Aldrich. USNM). TULARE CO.: Meadow, 7,200 ft. 1'2, VIII-13-63, flight trap (H. Mineral King, 1 2, VII-23-35 (G. Heid, CAS). B. Leech, CAS). SANTA CLARA CO.: San Jose, 1 a', IV-2-03. SIERRA CO. : Webber Lake, 1 6, VII-2-59 The species hirtiventris is allied to X. X. ar- (J. M. Linsley, CIS). 5 mi. E. of Webber Lake, 1 matipes, having the darkened legs of the subspecies 9, VII-30-55 (E. A. Kurtz, UCD). TULARE CO.: Ash Mountain, Sequoia National Park, 1 9, IV-26-51 fuscipes. It differs markedly in appearance however (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). 5 mi. NE. of Springville, from the species X. amratipes by having the thorax 1 d, V-14-63 (S. W. Earnshaw, CIS). and abdomen black and with a bluish or whitish gray The species X. otiosa may be distinguished from pruinescence, and further the fore and mid tibiae its relatives by the moderately broad frons and in- have no mid ventral bristle. terfrontalia in the male, the mid and hind femora fulvous, or only partly so in the male, the tibiae Xenomydaea macul i pennis Huckett fulvous, two anterior bristles on the sternopleura, Xenomydaea rnacdipennis Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. and the abdomen in male with paired dorsal marks. Acad. Sci., ser. 4 34: 290. Subfamily FANNIIM Holotype and only record, 1 d, Beverly Glen, Los Angeles County, California, 11-22-52 (CAS). KEN TO GENERA OF FANNIINAE IN CALIFORNIA 1. Hind tibia with a bristle set on mid dor- The male of X. macuzipennis has a broad frons, sal plane near middle of tibia, mid ti- black legs, dark purple knobs on halteres, clouded biae with an anterodorsal bristle, cru- ciate bristles absent, larvae dorsoven- crass-veins, and whitish calyptrae. trally flattish and with feathery mar- Huckett: The Muscidae of California 73 ginal projections (Tribe Fanniini) . . 2 er than tergum 3 or 4, as is the case in the genus Hind tibia without a bristle set on mid dorsal plane near middle of tibia, mid Coetomyia. tibia without an anterodorsal bristle, cruciate setae present in both sexes, KEYS TO SPECIES OF FANNIA IN CALIFORNIA the larvae not described (Tribe Azeliini). Males AzeZia Robineau-Desvoidy 2. Second pair of presutural dorsocentral 1. Mid coxae spined ...... 2 bristles set at a greater distance from Mid coxae spineless ...... 7 an extended plane of the nmesonotal trans- 2. Sternopleura with a ventral spine .... 3 Sternopleura without a ventral spine 6 verse suture than is the first pair of ... postsutural dorsocentral bristles (fig. 3. Abdomen pellucid yellow at base ..... 7)...... EurymaStein peZZucida (Stein) Second pair of presutural and first pair Abdomen not pellucid yellow at base ... 4 of postsutural dorsocentral bristles 4. Narrower part of the frons less in width set about equidistant from an extend- than the length of second antennal seg- ed plane of the mesonotal transverse ment, abdomen without a linear dorso- suture, or the former closer thereto central stripe ...... vesma (Meade) (fig.8)...... 3 Narrower part of the frons as wide as the 3. Subgenal sclerite of head upwardly ex- length of second antennal segment, ab- domen with a linear dorsocentral stripe tended on buccal region (jowls) and . 5 bearing several fine setulae, oral mar- 5. Longer anteroventral bristles of hind ti- bia average shorter than maximum height gin flexed forward, abdomen in male of hind femur, gonostyli each one-prong- spatulate in outline, first visible ed at apex, and at base bluntly protrud- segment (terga 1+2) longer than second ed laterad of the cerci (fig. 41) or third (tergum 3 or 4). Haliday ... CoeZovnyia (FallBn) Subgenal sclerite restricted to the ven- fuscuZa Longer anteroventral bristles of hind tral aspect of head, oral margin not tibia average as long as maximum notably curved forward, or if so the height of hind femur, gonostyli each abdomen in male not spatulate and ter- two-pronged at apex, and at base cuw- ga 1+2 not longer than tergum 3 or 4 . ed across apex of cerci as slender Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy sharp stylets (fig. 42). ameficana Malloch 6. Mid tibia with a tubercular callosity on distal half of ventral surface, Tribe FANNIINI fore coxae without an apical spine on posterior surface, fore tibia Genus Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy without a fascicle of hairs ..... scazds (Fabricius) Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy , 1830, [Paris] Inst de . Mid tibia without a ventral tubercu- France [Cl. des] Sci. Math. et Phys., Acad. Roy. lar callosity, fore coxae with a des Sci., am. pr6sentgs par divers Savans [ser. spine near apex of posterior surface, 21, 2: 567. fore tibia with a fascicle of hairs HomaZomyia Bouch6, 1834, Naturgeschichte der Insekten, on distal half of posterowntral besonders in Hinsicht ihre ersten ZGetande als surface ...... maxicata (kfeigen) Larven und Puppen, p. 89. 7. Abdomen with 3 marks on terga 3 and 4 respectively 8 Steinomyia Malloch, 1912, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 43: ...... 656. Abdomen without 3 marks on terga 3 and 4 respectively ...... 14 Type-species: Fannia saltat& Robineau-Des- 8. Tibiae, palpi and second antennal seg- voidy, monobasic (= Musca scalamk Fabricius 1794). ment yellow ...... 9 Adults of the genus Pamzia Robineau-Desvoidy in Tibiae, palpi and second antennal seg- ment blackish ...... 13 common with those of Euryma Stein and Coezomyia Ha- 9. Hind femur with a few lengthy antero- liday possess a bristle on mid dorsal plane near mid- ventral bristles on middle third, as long as height of femur where situat- dle of hind tibia, and anal vein 2nd A is typically ed, with 1 robust preapical antero- ventral Malloch so curved around the short vein Cu.2 + 1st A as to ...... conspima Hind femur without lengthy anteroven- intersect the course of the latter if extended. In tral bristles on middle third, with 2 or more robust anteroventrals on Fannia the oral margin of the face is not notably distal third ...... 10 curved forward, the subgenal sclerite of the head 10. Third antennal segment black, mesono- tum and scutellum extensively brown, not upwardly extended so as to overlap the buccal re- abdomen usually grayish black basad, gion, and terga 13.2 of the male abdomen is not long- hind femur with a clump of slender 74 ButZetin of the California Insect Swey posteroventral bristles on a mell- 21. Hind tibia with 4 to 6 anteroventral ing situated one third length of fe- and posteroventral bristles respective- mur from apex .....benjamini Malloch ly, mid femur with 2 strong anteroven- Third antennal segment fulvous or red- tral bristles on middle third, hind fe- dish basad, abdomen profusely reddish mur without a series of setulose postero- testaceous basad ...... 11 ventral bristles . ochrogaster (Thomson) 11. Hind femur with 4 anteroventral bristles Hind tibia with 1 or 2 anteroventral on distal third .... operta Chillcott bristles on distal half, mid femur Bind femur with 2 strong and with or with a series of several similar an- without 1 weak anteroventral bristle teroventral bristles on middle third, on distal third ...... 12 hind femur with a series of setulose 12. Hind femur with a tight cluster of posteroventral bristles ...... posteroventral bristles at preapical binotata Chillcott third ...... tescorwn Chillcott 22. Hind tibia with a extensive series of Hind femur with the cluster of postero- longish posterior or posteroventral ventral bristles in a loose series ex- bristles ...... 23 tending from preapical third to near Hind tibia without an extensive series middle of femur . . arizonensis Chillcott of longish posterior or posteroventral 13. Hind tibia with extensive series of bristles ...... 25 long slender anteroventral and postero- 23. Tibiae blackish ...... 24 ventral bristles ... pusio (Wiedemann) One or more tibiae fulvous ...... Hind tibia with 1 or 2 short antero- oregonensis Chillcott ventral bristles and without postero- 24. Mid tibia with a ventral callosity on ventrds ...... femomZis (stein) middle third, mesonotum and scutellum 14. Mid metatarsus with a basal thorn or black, mesonotum without stripes . . fasciculus on ventral surface (fig, coracina (Loew) 27)...... 15 Mid tibia without a ventral callosity, Mid metatarsus without basal thorn or mesonotum and scutellum gray, mesono- fasciculus on ventral surface .... 18 tum with stripes.in&urata (Zetterstedt) 15. Fore tibia with 3 or 4 posteroventral 25. Abdomen truncate at apex, hypopygium bristles on distal third, mid tibia greatly enlarged, sternum 5 produced with a small nodular excrescence on pro- caudad as a median semierect process ximal half of posteroventral surface . or appendage, glossy and tapering to a spathiophora Malloch* blunt apex . . gZnucescsns (Zetterstedt)* Fore tibia without posteroventral bristles Abdomen tapering caudad, hypopygium not on distal half , mid tibia without a enlarged, sternum 5 notched and sub- nodular excrescence on proximal half divided caudad ...... 26 of posteroventral surface ...... 16 26. Hind tibia with preapical mid dorsal 16. Hypopygium enlarged, bulbous , maximum bristle usually absent, mid femur width about equal to distance between with 2 or 3 stout spinelike antero- caudal pair of postsutural dorsocen- ventral bristles on middle third . . tral bristles .... sequoiae Chillcott so&e ZZa (Ze t ters tedt ) * Hypopygium not prominently enlarged, Hind tibia with preapical mid dorsal maximum width less than distance be- bristle present ...... 27 tween caudal pair of postsutural dor- 27. Hind coxae with setulae on inner border socentral bristles ...... 17 of caudal surface ...... 28 17. Hind femur with a posteroventral series Rind coxae without setulae on inner bor- of slender setulae on proximal half der of caudal surface ...... 32 (fig. 23) ...... flauibasis (Stein)* 28. Palpi shortened, about half as long as Hind femur mostly bare or with a few third antennal segment, mid tibia scant setulae on proximal half of with 2 anterodorsal bristles .... posteroventral surface . flavitibia Stein wonifera Chi1 COtt 18. Abdomen at least partly yellow or red- Palpi slender, longer than half length dish...... 19 of third antennal segment, mid tibia Abdomen not yellow, nor partly so ... 22 usually with 1 anterodorsal bristle 29 19. Scutellum yellowish on apical region . . 29. Hind tibiae at least fulvous to rufous pensppetiosa Chillcott hind femur with several posteroven- Scutellum entirely blackish ...... 20 tral bristles as long or longer than 20. Tibiae entirely yellow or fulvous, hind height of femur, narrower part of in- tibia without a series of coarse an- terfrontalia usually as wide as breadth terodorsal setulae ...... 21 of third antennal segment ...... Tibiae blackish or fuscous, at most paler tibiatis Malloch basad, hind tibia with a series of Tibiae mainly blackish or fuscous, hind coarse anterodorsal setulae ..... femur with posteroventral bristles canicutm+is (Linnaeus) shorter than height of femur, or setu- Huckett: The Muscidae of Catifomzia 75 lose...... 30 4. Abdomen more or less flecked throughout 30. Hind tibia usually with 1 anteroventral with reddish testaceous areas .... and without coarse short anterodorsal arizomnsis Chillcott setae in addition to the longer antero- b3COZTUtl ChillCOtt dorsal bristle, legs stout.Zaevis (Stein) Abdomen evenly grayish or nearly so . . 5 Hind tibia usually with 2 or 3 antero- 5. Mid and hind femora mainly fulvous . . ventrals and with coarse anterodorsal conspicua Malloch setae in addition to the longer antero- Mid and hind femora mainly infuscated . dorsal bristle, legs not stout ... 31 operta Chillcott 31. Mesonotum and scutellum viewed from in 6. Efid and hind tibiae fulvous ...... 7 front entirely deep seal brown, stripes Mid and hind tibiae more or less fuscous obscured ...... nidicoZa MalLoch* or largely black ...... 12 Mesonotum and scutellum not entirely 7. Frons at vertex less in width than half dark brown, mesonotum with stripes its total length ...... 8 evident ...... canimtZaris var. Frons at vertex wider than half its 32. Hind femur with longish preapical pos- total length ...... 11 teroventral bristles ...... 33 8. Abdomen grayish black ...... 9 Hind femur bristleless on preapical re- Abdomen partly reddish or yellowish . . 10 gion of posteroventral surface ... 36 9. Basal posteroventral bristle on mid fe- 33. Mid tibia usually with 2 anterodorsal mur longer than half height of femur, and 2 posterodorsal bristles, abdomen sternum 8 of ovipositor absent ... jet black, shiny, with sparse grayish americana Malloch pruinescence, wings yellowish basad . Basal posteroventral bristle on mid femur zucida Chillcott setulose or not longer than half height Hid tibia usually with 1 anterodorsal of femur, sternum 8 of ovipositor pre- and 1 posterodorsal bristle, abdomen sent ...... fusrmZa (Falldn) with denser pruinescence ...... 34 10. Hind tibia with 3 or more anteroventral 34. Hind tibia with 2 or more anteroventral bristles ...... peZZudda (Stein) bristles, sternum 1 of abdomen with Hind tibia with 1 anteroventral bristle . several setulae, hind femur with semi- bimtata Chillcott erect short posteroventral bristles on 11. Gray species, mid and hind femora usual- proximal half .... eZongata Chillcott ly fulvous, parafacials serially hair- Hind tibia with 1 anteroventral bristle, ed on dorsal half ... tib-iczzis Malloch sternum 1 with few setulae or almost Blackish species, mid and hind femora us- bare, hind femur with or without a ually infuscated, parafacials with a few weak setulae on progimal half of few scanty hairs . oregonmis Chillcott posteroventral surface ...... 35 12. Mid tibia with 1 long and 1 short antero- 35. Mid and hind tibiae blackish at base . dorsal, 2 posterodorsal bristles, palpi postica (Stein)" shortened and with lengthy apical setae . Mid and hind tibiae reddish at base . -&Lgon parts of the inner Coast Range, and in April in the San Francisco Bay area, and lasting until September or October in most areas. Generally, this species is ecologically more restricted than most of the other of the state's widespread muscids, ranging only to the canyons at the margins of both the de- serts and the Great Basin on the east side of the Sierra Nevada, while in the mountains it occurs mostly at low to moderate elevations, with one re- cord at timberline in the southern Sierra Nevada. The species F. benjadni is recorded from 31 coun- ties and approximately 155 localities, based on an examination of 516 specimens, of which 13 were males, 503 as females. The male has a tight cluster of posteroventral bristles on a slight swelling situated one third length of femur from its apex. Both sexes may US- ually be separated from allied taxa by having the third antennal segment entirely black or nearly SO, and the arista browned at base. The species, pro- bably the female, is known to be annoying to man by attempting persistently to alight on the face (Mal- loch, 1913: 626), and in particular the region of - - .__ - ._ - - _- -- the eyes, ears, nostrils and lips. The association Map 40. California distribution of Fannia ariaonensis of females with Tabanid flies on horses has been Chillcot c. shown by Garcia and Radovsky (1962: 1110-1116) to be The male of F. arkonemis resembles that of F. associated incidentally with the opportunity thus teswrum in hind femoral bristling, having 2 strong provided of feeding on the horse's blood. preapical anteroventral bristles. It differs from the latter in that the posteroventral bristles on the preapical third of hind femur are not set tight- Fannia binotata ly together at that position, but tend to disperse Chillcott serially toward the middle of the posteroventral Fmkbinotata Chillcott, 1961, Can. Entomol., (1960) 92 Suppl. 14 p. 203. surface. The females of E'. arizonensis and F. tes- Holotype: 6, Atlacomulco, Mexico (UK). corn are not readily distinguishable from one an- Geogrqphic range,--California, Oregon, Mexico. other. California records. --ALAMEDA CO. : Berkeley Fannia benjamini Malloch Hills, 3 9, V-19-59, 1 3, VI-29-59, ez Bombus nest (R. W. Thorp, HCH). Fannia benjwn I r..c, on inner border of hind coxae, and is without a _I- ___.- I !" n I. series of coarse anterodorsal setulae on the hind Map 43. California distribution of Fannia fen!oraZis (Stein). tibia. In the male of elongata the mesonotum is blackish, brown in female, and in both sexes has The species F, fernoralis belongs to the F. plisio- striping between the respective series of acrosti- group within the genus, having the abdomen trimacu- cal and dorsocentral bristles. The hind femur of late in the male. The group differs from the F. the male has a longer series of firmer anteroven- benjlnini-group in having the legs black, and in tral and posteroventral bristles than in the male the female is without marks on the abdomen, and of canimZ&s var., and the parafacials of the fe- without an anteroventral bristle on mid tibia, and male are without a series of hairs. has fine hairs on the parafacials. The male of F. ___.Fannia fernoralis (Stein) femorazis differs from that of F. pwio in having (Map 43) only 1 or 2 short anteroventral bristles and being Hmalomyia fernoralis Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. 2.. without posteroventrals on the hind tibia; in the (1897) 42: 282. female by the wider frons at the vertex of the head. Syntypes: dd, Opelousas , Louisiana (PM"). The species has been reared from chicken manure Geographic rrmge.--Alabama, Arizona, California, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Montana, and human excrement, and adults are recorded as at- Mexico, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, New tracted to the carcass of a dead cat for purposes West Virginia, Mexico. of oviposition. One female specimen before me California records (map 43) .--This species has has an austral distribution, ranging from the inner ar- the notation "to rancid chicken guts.'@ Larval char- valleys of the central Coast Range and The Sac- id acters of femorazis and have been figured for ramento Valley to the margins of the deserts and on pusio the Colorado River (Needles). The adults have been diagnostic purposes by Chillcott (1961: 286). taken throughout the year in southern California, with many winter records in the desert. Northward Fannia flavitibia Stein the active flight season is restricted, from May to October or November according to available records. (Pigs. 24, 27; map 44) The survey is based on specimens from about 40 Fannia fzavitibia Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., localities in 17 counties. (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 42. fluckett: The Muscidae of California 81 (Stein)*, a closely related species, the hind fe- mur of the male has a continuous series of short pos- teroventral setulae on proximal half (fig. 23). The female of F. flavitibia closely resembles that of F. brev?hda, from which it may be separated usually by the paler tibiae and grayish meeonotuui. --Fannia fuscula (Fall&) (Fig. 41) Musca fuscuZa Fall&, 1825, Monographia Muscidum Sveciae, Muscides, p. 86. Homalomyia tetracantha Loew, 1872 , Berl. Entomol. Z., 16: 93. Type: cf, Sk&e. Geographic range,--Widely distributed in the north temperate region of continental North Ameri- ca, reaching north as far as central Alaska, Yukon Territory, and Mackenzie River Basin, thence east- ward across the provinces from British Columbia to Nova Scotia and New England states, southward in - the east as far as North Carolina and Tennessee, (j ”, ,______l +Y*?i+ westward to include many of the northern states I %l 1. from the Great Lakes Region to the Rocky Mountains, Hap 64. California distribution of FmiO flavitibk Stein. Colorado and states bordering the Pacific Ocean. CaZifomia records.--MARIN CO.: Mill Valley, 1 d, IV-5-6-65 (P. €I.Arnaud, CAS). SACRAMENTO CO.: Fmia minuta Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., (1918) Sacramento, 1 6; VI-19-40 (WSU). Also Smith River, Abt. A 84 (9): 44. Del Norte County; Lagunitas Canyon, Marin County Sptypes: dd 39, Moscow, Idaho (ZPNB). (Chillcott, 1961: 74). Geopqhic range, -Alaska, British Columbia, Ida- The species F. fuscula and F. mericana are ho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah. closely related, the male of the former having California records (map 44).--This species occu- slightly shorter anteroventral bristles on the hind pies an essentially circum-valley distribution, pri- marily at low to moderate elevations, with riparian tibia and a difference in the structure of the go- intrusions into Upper Sonoran habitats in the Cen- nostyli and cerci (fig. 41). The sternopleura in tral Valley. There are two records in the Sierra Ne- vada near tirnberline (Carson Pass, Sonora Pas). the male of both species has a ventral spine. The The flight season is short relative to many muscids, female of P. fmcula differs from that of F. a?&?&- from May to October near the coast and mainly during the summer months inland. There is one record for cma in having the sternal sclerite of segment 8 April in the Sierra Nevada (Ash Mountain, Sequoia) of the ovipositor present, and in having a weaker and one record for November in Trinity County (Rush Creek). posteroventral bristle at the base of mid femur. Records are available from about 50 localities The species has been recovered from nests of wasps in 28 counties. and bumble bees (Sgguy, 1923: 270), and adults have The species F. f2auit;ibia has the femora black been attracted to baits of beef liver, excrement and the tibiae varying from fuscous to yellowish. (Gill, 1955: 652), and the carcass of a squirrel The male has a small but distinct fasciculus at (Chillcott, 1961: 238). the base of the ventral surface of mid metatarsus, Fannia imaculata Mal loch 2 preapical anteroventral and several slender pre- Fannia nigra Stein, 1920, Arch. Haturgesch. (1918) apical posteroventral bristles on the hind femur, Abt. A 84 (9): 43. name preoc. Malloch, 1912. proximad of which the posteroventral Surface is Fannia canadensis Malloch, 1924, Ann. Nag. Nat. Hiet bare, or nearly so (fig, 24). In F. flatribasis ser. 9 13: 423. OL mi~~etzn01 the CaLzfornZa lnsect Surmey Fannia bunactdata Malloch, 1924, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 13: 424: Chillcott, 1961, Can. Entomol., (1960) 92 Suppl. 14 p. 169. Syntypes: dd $9, Montreal, Canada (Dtsch. En- tomol. Inst., Berlin). Geographic range.--Alberta, Connecticut, Illi- nois, Indiana, Massachusetts , Maine, Michigan, Min- nesota, New Hampshire, Nova Scotia, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, South Dakota. California record--PLUMAS CO.: Bucks Lake, 1 d, VII-1-49 (W. H. Wade, CIS). The species F. hnacuZata is closely related to F. serena, from which it may be separated by the larger eyes in the male, occupying nearly the whole surface of the head as viewed in profile, and in the female by the jet black glossy parafrontals, possessing a polish resembling that of the haustel- lum. Fannia inci surata (Zetterstedt) - ~ L _>. _. It--.-u2 - Anthomyza Fmkpenepretiusa Chillcott, 1961, Can. Entomol., (1960) 92 Suppl. 14 p. 144. I Holotype: d, Laniel, Quebec Province (CYC). ,I I Geographic range.--Alaska, British Columbia, California, Maine, Minnesota, New York, North Caro- lina, Ontario, Quebec. Map 47. California distribution of FmrZ?k SCahdS CaZifomia record. --TUOLUMNE-MMIPOSA CO .: (Fabricius). Yosemite National Park, 1 2, VIII-1-40 (D. E. Hardy, UK) . F. penepretwsa lacks the caudal hairs on the teroventral bristles on the hind tfbia. The fe- inner border of hind coxae, and from such may be male differs from that of F. femorazis by having distinguished by having the apical region of scu- the frons narrower at vertex than the distance be- tellum extensively yellowish, in this respect re- tween the first pair of dorsocentral briatles. sembling the european species F. pretiosa (Schiner) *. The species is recorded as having been reared Fannia pusio (Wiedemann) from a wide variety of material or hosts, that in- Anthonyia pusio Wiedemann, 1830, Aussereurop. clude chicken manure, decaying vegetables and fun- Zweifl. Ins., 2: 437. gi, dead insects, molluscs, fish, and snakes (Chill- d 0, South America Mus., Copen- Types: (2001. cott, 1961: 213). hagen). Geographic Mnge.--Alabama, Arizona, Califor- Fannia scalaris (Fabricius) nia, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Louisi- ana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, (Map 47) Oklahoma, Texas, Bermuda. Muscu scak&s Fabricius, 1794, Entomologia syste- CaZffornCa records.--FRESNO CO. : Presno, 1 9, matica emendata et aucta, 4: 332. VI-26-61 (D. J. Womeldorf, BVC); 2 2, IX-13-63, 2 Steinomyia steini Malloch, 1912, Proc. U.S. Natl. d, XI-11-63 (J. D. Walsh, BVC). NAPA CO.: 5 mi. Mus., 43: 657. N. of Napa, 1 0, VII-27-59 (T. M. Street, BVC) . SACRAMENTO CO.: Sacramento, 1 0, VI-1-29 (H. H. Type : d, Copenhagen (2001. Mus. , Copenhagen) . Keifer, CDA) . SAN DIEGO CO, : 2 mi. NE of Lakeside, Geographic range.--Recorded in the west as far 2 0, 111-2941 (P. D. Hurd, W. A. Steffan, CIS). north as central Alaska and the Mackenzie River SONOMA GO.: 1 0, V-20-29, ex brood combs (D. E. Basin, southward in British Columbia, Alberta to Bremner , CDA) . states bordering the Pacific Ocean and adjacent The male of F. pusto differs from those of its the Rocky Mountains, to as far as southern Call- fornia, Arizona, New Mexico, and Kansas; in the allies belonging the F. pusio-group by having to east as far north as northern Quebec, thence an extensive series of long anteroventral and pos- southward to include Ontario and states bordering the Great Lakes, the Atlantic littoral from Maine wasps and several birds (Seguy, 1925: 135, to as far south as Georgia and Tennessee. 1929: 71, 1935: 159, 1946: 121, 1950: 349; Hennig, CaLifomia records. --ALAMEDA CO. : Emeryville, 1955: 82-83). The larvae of F. scakzrh have been 10 d, 1 9, IV-2-62 (J. M. Ross, BVC). Oakland, 1 d, VII-7-49 (L. W. Quate, CIS). Russell City, 2 described by Sbguy (1923: 269, 273), de Wilde (1935: d, VI-26-61 (D. D. Linsdale, BVC). AMADOR CO.: 74, figs. 64-67), and keyed and illustrated for diag- Silver Lake, 1 9, VII-29-33 (D. B. Mackie, CAS). CONTRA COSTA CO.: Danville, 1 6, 2 0, XII-27-28-51, nostic purposes by Hennig (1955: 10-12) and Chillcott 2 5, 1-2-52, 2 0, 1-6-7-52, 3 $, 1-10-52, 3 6, I-13- (1961: 52, 283). 52, 3 2, 1-17-18-52, 1 6, 1-22-52, 2 g, 1-24-52, ex ground nest of Vespza pen. (F. X. Williams, CAS). Fannia sequoi ae Chi 11cott Mt. Diablo, summit 1 d, X-6-51 (R. S. Beal, CIS). FRESNO CO.: Fresno, 1 6, VIII-1-22 (M. E. Philips, Fannia sequoiae Chillcott, 1961, Can. Entomol., HCH); 1 d, 111-29-23 (USNM). FRESNO-TULARE CO.: an- (1960) 92 Suppl. 14 p. 112. eral Grant Grove, Sequoia National Park, 1 ?, VI-7- Holotype: d, Sequoia National Park, Califor- 23 (M. E. Phillips, HCH). INYO CO.: Independence, 1 nia (W). d, XII-14-63 (J. D. Birchim, JDB). LOS ANGELES CO.: Santa Monica Mountains. 1 0. VII-3-50 (HCH) . ORANGE Geographic range. --British Columbia, Califor- CO.: "Orange Co.", 1 d, VII-14-29 (P. W. Oman, UK). nia. RIVERSIDE CO.: El Cariso Camp, Ortega Highway, 1 6, California records.--TTJLARE CO. : Sequoia Na- V-26-44 (A. L. Melander, USNM) . Pinon Flat, San tional Park, 1 6, 1 g, VIII-6-40, types (L. C. Jacinto Mountains, 1 d, V-27-39 (B. Brookman, CAS). Kuitert, UK) ; 1 d, VIII-6-40 (R. H. Beamer, HCH) . Riverside, 1 d, 111-24-33, 1 d, V-4-34 (A. J. Basin- TUOLUMNE-MARIPOSA CO.: Yosemite National Park, 1 ger, CAS). San Andreas Canyon, 2 d, IV-21-51 (E. d, VIII-1-40, paratype (D. E. Hardy, UK) I. Schlinger, UCD). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Redlands, . 1 2, 1913 (CAS). SAN DIEGO CO.: Borrego, Palm Can- The species F. ssquoiae is related to F. mi- yon, 2 d, 1 $, V-3-45 (A. L. Melander, USNM). Cam- tibia, from which it may be distinguished in the PO, 1 d, VII-18-40 (R. 8. Beamer, UK). SANTA CLARA CO.: Mountain View, 2 d, VI-11-41 (K. Frick, CIS). male by the enlarged bulbous hypopygium, and in SHASTA CO.: Round Mountain, 1 d, XI-13-31. SONOMA the female by a pair of glossy swollen nodules on GO.: Stewarts Point, 19, 111-3149, reared from nest of red tree-mouse (W. W. Middlekauff, CIS). sternum 8 of the ovipositor. WARE CO.: Woodlake, 1 6, IV-14-47 (N. W. Frazier, CIS). TUOLUMNE CO.: Strawberry, 1 $, VI-21-56 --Fannia serena (Fall&) (G. I. Stage, CIS); 1 $, VI-21-57 (A. E. Pritchard, (Fig. 17) CIS). YOLO CO.: Capay Valley, 1 $, X-29-20 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). Musca serena Fallkn, 1825 , Monographia Muscidum Sveciae, Muscides, p. 76. The male of F. scalaris like that of P. codna, Types: d 2, Southern Sweden. has a ventral tubercle on the distal region of mid Geographic range.--Alaska, Alberta, British tibia, but differs notably in having 3 spines on the Columbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, &a coxa. The female of P. scazaris is quite simi- Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Yukon Territory. lar to that of F. incisurata, and may usually be California records.--DEL NORTE CO.: Smith Riv- er, 5 $, VII-8-30 (J. M. Aldrich, USNM, CNC) . MEN- separated from the latter by a longer stronger pos- DOCINO CO. : Fort Bragg, 1 d, VI-15-48 (H. B. Leech, teroventral bristle at the base of mid femur. CAS). NEVADA CO.: Sagehen Creek, 6,500 ft. near Hobart Mills, 19, VII-13-61 (J. G. Chillcott, CNC). The habits of larvae of F. scakzmk have been Also Sequoia National Park, Tulare County (Chill- sunornarized by James (1948: 127-128), Hennig (19551, cott, 1961: 168). and Chillcott (1961). The larvae are recorded as The species F. serena is closely related to F. inhabiting decaying animal and vegetable matter, in- hacukta, both having the lower calyptra1 scale cluding fungi (Hennig, 1955: 82; Chillcott, 1961: 63); narrow and striplike, not lobate, and in the male dung of pigs, calves, and horses (Thomsen and Hammer, by having no slender preapical posteroventral 1936: 582); cesspools, human excreta, and cadavers bristles cm the hind femur. The male of F. ser- (Xaward, 1900: 582; Hewitt, 1914: 168; Lesne, 1921: em differs from that of F. inanaculata in that the 13, 56; Seguy, 1946: 138, 1950: 380); as incidental parafacials are not obscured from view by the eye to cases involving intestinal myiasis (Lampa, 1887: when seen in profile, and the cheeks and buccal re- 5-20; Hewitt, 1912: 171-173); and as bred from gion are not so restricted. The female differs certain mths and a~~lluscs,from nests of certain from that of F. i??mmcluta in having the parafron- Huckett: The Muscidae of California 87 tals less glossy and, in part, with a trace of 19-62 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). Muir Woods, 1 9, VIII- 30-08 (J. C. Bradley, CU). MDNTEREY CO.: Monterey, pruinescence . 1 d, VIII-10-38, type (R. I. Sailer, UK). SAN Fannia tescorum Chi 11 cott BERNARDINO CO.: Mill Creek Canyon, 1 0, IX-21-23 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). SANTA CLARA CO.: Morgan Frmnki bescorn Chillcott, 1961, Can. Entomol., Hill, 1 d, IX-6-39 (R. K. Johnston). SANTA CRUZ (1960) 92 Suppl. 14 p. 161. CO.: Highland District, 1 6, VIII-16-58 (S. M. Holotype: d, Alamogordo, New Mexico (ANSP). Fidel, UCR). SISKIYOU CO.: Mt. Shasta City, 1 2, VIII-26-58 (J. Powell, CIS). Geographic me.--Arizona, California, New Nexico. The species F. t~goniferais allied to F. mi- Catifornia record. --SAN DIEGO CO. : La Jolla, nutipaZpis (Stein)* and related taxa. It may be 1 d, 2 2, VI-20-63 (J. D. Birchim, HCH) . distinguished from species known to occur in Cali- The male of F. tescorwn has a tight cluster of fornia that possess hairs on the inner border of posteroventral bristles at the preapical third of the caudal surface of hind coxae by the short pal- hind femur, resembling F. benjamini in this respect. pi, about equal to half the length of the third an- The species is closely allied to F. &s~~~S, tennal segment, and by the presence of 2 antero- and in the female can scarcely be differentiated. dorsal bristles on the mid tibia. Fannia tibialis Malloch Fannia vesparia (Meade) Fmmia tibia& Malloch, 1913, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. , HomaZonryia vesp&a Meade, 1891, Entomol. Mon. Mag., 44: 461. 27 (2): 42. Holotype: d, Kaslo, British Columbia (USM). Type: d, Chester, England. Geographic rrmge.--Alaska, Alberta, British Geogmphic range and CaZifornia record.--TmARE Columbia, California, Idaho, Montana, Northwest CO. : Alta Meadow, 1 d, VIII-24-17 (CUI. Territories, Oregon, Saskatchewan, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. The male of F. vespd has spines on mid coxa CaZifomzia records.--INYO GO.: Ruby Lake, and a ventral spine on the sternopleura. It dif- 11,250 ft., 2 d, VIII-13-57 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). fers from the male of F. peZ~u&daby having the LOS ANGEXES CO.: Green Valley, 1 9, VII-26-44 (A. L. Melander, USNM). MONO CO.: Sardine Creek, 8,500 abdomen nonyellowish basad, and from males of F. ft. 1 d, VI-28-51 (E. L. Silver, HCH). TUOLUMNE CO.: fuscuZa and F. wna&eana by having the narrower Conness Glacier, Yosemite National Park, 1 9, VII- 30-36. part of the frons less in width than the length of The male of F. t%iaZis may be linked to that the second antennal segment. The species has been of F. bvis, from which it differs in having one taken in Europe in nests of Vespa gemmica and or more tibiae fulvous or rufous, the hind femur V. vuZgds (Hennig, 1955: 93; Chillcott, 1961: 78). with longer posteroventral bristles, and in both Genus Euryomma Stein sexes the hind tibia with 2 or 3 anteroventral bris- Euryom Stein, 1899, Entomol. Nachr., 25: 19. tles. In the female of F. tibkZi6 the mid and Type-species: Eu~yopnahispmziense Stein, hind femora and all tibiae are usually fulvous. original designation, (= Anthomyia peregrinum Meigen, 1826). Fann ia trigoni f era Chi 11 cott As in Fannh; from which the genus Euryamma Fannia trigonifera Chillcott, 1961, Can. Entomol., differs by having the first pair of presutural (1960) 92 Suppl. 14 p. 137. dorsocentral bristles weak, shorter than half the Holotype : d, Monterey , California (VK) . length of the second pair, the latter set near Geographic range.--California, Washington. midway the length of the presutural region of tho- CaZifomia recor&.--CONTRA COSTA CO.: Walnut Creek, foot of Shell Ridge, 1 d, IX-22-62, attr. rax, and at a greater distance than the first fluorescent 15-watt white light after 12 midnight pair of postsutural dorsocentral bristles from a (J. Powell, CIS). EL WRADO CO.: Pacific, 1 ?, VIII-9-40 (D. E. Hardy, UK). w(E CO.: Lower Lake, line depicting the course of the transverse suture, 1 d, IX-5-58, at light trap (R. E. Dolphin, UCD) . when normally present (fig 7). Larvae are record- LOS ANGELES CO.: Gleudale, 1 d, X-8-51 (W. M. Schlinger, UCD). MARIN CO.: Inverness, 19, VIII- ed as probably saprophagous, living in decomposed i 88 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey vegetable matter (Se'guy, 1937: 180; Hennig, 1955: The genus Coelomyia differs from Fannia and 151, and in the refuse deposits of ant colonies Euqomma in having the oral margin of the face no- (Chillcott, 1958: 725). tably curved forward, the subgenal sclerite of the head extended dorsad to overlap the buccal region KEY TO SPECIES OF EURYOMMA IN CALJFORNIA (jowls) of the cheek, the male abdomen spatulate Third antennal segment black, occasional- basad and the connate terga 1+2 longer than tergum ly reddish at extreme base of the inner 3 or 4. surface, fore tibia with a weak antero- dorsal bristle, humeral callosities grayish ...... peregrim (Meigen) KEY TO SPECIES OF COELOMYIA IN CALIFORNIA Third antennal segment fulvous basad, Proboscis fleshy, thickened proximad, fore tibia without an anterodorsal bris- vibrissa1 angle not protruded cepha- tle, humeral callosities yellowish . . . lad to a level beyond the tip of pro- americanm Chillcott frons . . . . . subpelZucens (Zetterstedt) Proboscis nonf leshy, vibrissal angle Euryomma ameri canum Chi 11 cott protruded cephalad to a level beyond the tip of profrons Euryoma americanwn Chillcott, 1961, Can. Entomol., . rnoZZissima Haliday* (1960) 92 Suppl. 14 p. 226. Coelornyia subpel lucens (Zetterstedt) Holotype: d, Santa Clara County, California Zetterstedt, 1845, Dipt. Scand., (US"). &&a subpetlucens 4: 1561. Geographic range.--California. Hornalomyia flavivaria Coquillett, 1900, Proc. Wash. California records.--CONTRA COSTA CO.: Antioch, Acad. Sci., 2: 446. 1 0, VII-1937 (E. S. ROSS, CAS). MONTEREY CO.: Types: $$, Boreal Scandinavia (2001. Inst., Monterey, 1 d, 1 0, IX-25-34 (A. L. Melander, USNM). dd ORANGE CO.: Corona Del Mar. 1 d, 2 0, VI-5-45 (A. Lad) . L. Melander, USNM). RIVERSIDE CO.: Salton Sea, GBographic range.--Alaska, Alberta, British State Park, 2 0, V-21-66, 2 9, XI-28-66 (L. D. Columbia, California, Idaho, Labrador, Maine, Moore, BVC). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: 4 $, IX-1-45 Maryland, Michigan, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, (A. L. Melander, USNM) . SANTA CLARA CO. : 2 d, 2 North Carolina, Northwest Territories, Oregon, Que- IC, type series (Baker, USNM; CNC). bec, Tennessee, Washington, Wyoming, Yukon Terri- tory. Euryomma peregri num (Me igen ) California records. --[COUNTY UNKNOWN; San Fran- (Fig. 7) cisco Co.?]: Merced Lake, 1 0, VI-23-24 (H. G. Dyar, CNC). Also Mesa Grande, Sonoma County (Chill- Anthomyia peregrinwn Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr., 5: 187. cott, 1961: 237). The abdomen of C. is normally Anthomyia comunis Walker, 1852, Ins. Saund. I p. 366. subpellucens Type: 0, Saloon of American ship at Hamburg, partly pellucid yellow or reddish, but not invari- Germany. ably so. Geographic range. --Alabama, British Columbia, California, District of Columbia, Illinois, Mary- land, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Virginia, southern Greenland and worldwide. Tribe Azeliini California records. --ALAMEDA CO. : Berkeley , 2 Genus Azel ia Robi neau-Desvoi dy 0, IX-1957 (T. Aarons, BVC). LOS ANGELES CO.: Long Beach, 2 d, 3 2, 111-25-49 (CIS); 1 9, VIII-26- 50 (0. Meyer, BVC). Los Angeles County, 3 0, III-7- Azelia Robineau-Desvoicy, 1830, [Paris] Inst. de 15 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS). ORANGE CO.: Laguna France [Cl. des] Sci. Math. et Phys.,Acad. Roy. Beach, 1 0, VII-16-45 (A. L. Melander, USm). SAN des Sci., M6m pre"sent6s par divers Savans [ser. DIEGO CO.: La Jolla, 1 0, XII-29-34 (A. L. Melan- 21 2: 592. der, USNM); 10, VII-10-63 (J. D. Birchim, JDB). Santee, 2 0, IV-10-64 (E. Perry, BVC). Type-species: AzeZia fzorea Robineau-Desvoidy, designation of Rondani, 1866 (= Anthomyia triquetra Genus Coel omyi a Hal i day Wiedemann, 1817). Coelomyia Haliday, 1840, In Westwood, Introd. Mod. Hind tibia without a bristle set on mid dorsal Class. Ins., 2 Synopsis p. 143. plane near middle of the tibia, as is present in Type-species: Coehyk mottissima Haliday, monobasic. the tribe Fanniini, mid tibia without an antero- Huckett: The Muscidae of California 89 bristles on the hind tibia are shorter than the preapical mid dorsal bristle. Azel ia ci1 i pes Hal i day (Map 48) AzeZia ciZipes Haliday, 1839, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (1838) 2: 185. T&chapth macuZivent&s Malloch, 1918, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 44: 276. Fannia pretiosina Curran, 1930, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 86. Types: d 0, locality not stated, probably Holy- wood, Ireland (location unknown). Geographic ra??ge.--Alaska, Alberta, Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Georgia, I- daho, Illinois, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Mon- tana, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Tennessee, Utah, Ver- mont , Washington. CaZifornia records. --AULMEDA CO. : Berkeley , 2 ?, IX-19-36 (C. A. Hamsher, UCD). DEL NORTE CO.: Rardy Creek, Smith River, 1 d, VII-11-30 (J. M. Aldrich, USNM). MARIN CO.:' 7 mi. W. of Fairfax, 1 9, VI-23-51 (W. C. Bentinck, CIS). bull Valley, 1 d, X-8-54 (H. L. Mathis, UCD). Muir Woods, 1 d, VIII-30-08 (J. C. Bradley, CU). SAN MATE0 CO.: Memorial Park, 1 9, VII-12-53 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). SONOMA GO.: 4 mi. W. of Plantation, 1 d, IV-3-56 dorsal bristle, the male with cruciate setulae and (D. J. Burdick, CIS). the female with cruciate bristles. The male of A. cilipes differs from that of A. KEY TO MALES OF AZELIA IN CALIFORNIA aequa in having the anterodorsal bristles on the hind tibia fully as long as the preapical mid dor- Hind tibia with the longer anterodorsal sal bristle. Larvae of eiZipes are recorded as liv- bristles fully as long as the preapi- cal mid dorsal bristle . &Zipes Haliday ing in cow dung (Hammer, 1941: 184). Hind tibia with the longer anterodorsal bristles shorter than the preapical mid Subfamily PHAONIINAE dorsal bristle ...... aeqw Stein KEY TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF PHAONIINAE IN CALIFORNIA Azelia aequa Stein 1. Hind coxae with setulae on caudal surface . AzeZk aequa Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch. , (1918) 2 A (9): 46. Abt. 84 Hind coxae without setulae on caudal sur- Type: d, Mt. Constitution, Orcas Island, Wash- face...... 3 ington (ZMUB) . 2. Thorax and abdomen mainly fulvous, hind tibia in male with a strong apical Geographic qe.--California, Washington. spur on ventral surface ...... California rewords. --HUMBOLDT CO. : Prairie Creek, A Z Zoeos ty Zus S chnab 1 1 d, XI-13-59 (E. L. Kessel; CAS). MONTEREY CO.: Thorax and abdomen blackish or grayish . Big Sur, 1 d, IX-5-45 (A. L. Melander, USNM). Laswps Meigen 3. Fore femur in the male with a distinct The males of A. aeqw and A. &Zipes have impression or concavity on the pre- paired spots on the abdominal terga, are without apical region of the ventral surface . Hydrotaea Rob ineau- Desvoidy a preapical mid dorsal bristle on mid tibia, and Fore femur in the male without a con- have an extensive series of anterodoraal bristles cavity or impression on the preapical region of the ventral surface; all on the hind tibia. In A. aequa the anterodorsal females ...... 4 90 Bulletin of the California Imect Survey 4. Pteropleura with hairs ...... 12. Vein M. ,+2 conspicuously curved forward Psewlophamia Malloch on the apical region . Bigotomyia Halloch Pteropleura without hairs ...... 5 Vein M. %+2 at most inconspicuously cur- 5. Eyes nearly as high as the length of ved forward on the apical region . . 13 fore tibia, propleura densely villous, 13. Arista with hairs not longer than the the female with the frontal triangle ex- basal diameter of arista, tibiae sparse- tended to anterior region of the inter- ly and weakly bristled, hind femur of frontalia ....Gpkyra Robineau-Desvoidy male featured by a series of closely Species not having the above combination set slender brlstles on the distal of characters ...... 6 third of anteroventral and/or postero- 6. Hind tibia with a single posterodorsal ventral surfaces. (L. ahskemis 6 bristle (seldom 2) on the distal half unknown), ..... Lophosceles Ringdahl (calcar), fig. 34, or set nearer the Arista1 hairs usually longer than the middle of tibia (exception Hydrotaea basal diameter of arista, and the ti- dpes (Fall&) ?), and with or with- biae seldom weakly bristled, hind fe- out one or more shorter, weak postero- mur of male not thus bristled .... dorsals proximad (fig. 33) ..... 7 Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy Hind tibia with a series of 3 or more 14. Prealar bristle long . . Pogonomyia Rondani posterodorsal bristles of normal in- Prealar bristle short or absent .... tergradedlength and distribution Eupogonomyia Malloch (fig. 32), the subgenal sclerite up- wardly extended on the buccal region, Genus Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoi dy restricting the bare cheek or genal sclerite (fig. 5) ...... 14 Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, [Paris] Inst. de 7. Hind tibia with a robust apical postero- France, [Cl. des] Sci. Math. et Phys., Acad. ventral bristle, comparable to the Roy. des Sci., &m. prgsentgs par Savans [ser. apical anteroventral ...... 8 21, 2: 509. Hind tibia without a robust apical pos- Achaetina Malloch, 1918, Proc. Biol. SOC. Wash., 31: teroventralbristle ...... 9 67. 8. Prealar bristle absent or setulose, eyes bare ...... XaZyta Rondanit Type-species: Musca meteorica Linnaeus, desig- Prealar bristle present, bristlelike, nation of Curtis, 1839. eyes with hairs . . PZexCopsis Huckett The genus Hydrotaea may be distinguished from 9. All males; females with the lower part of the head between the eye margin other Phaaiinae in California by the presence in and ventral border broad as viewed in the males of a concavity on the preapical region of profile, eye not protruded to a level ventrad of the oral vibrissa, or if the ventral surface on fore femur. Adjoining the so the lower calyptral scale extended depression there are usually one or two pronglike broadly beyond the margin of upper The eyes in scale...... 10 processes or marginal callosities. No males; females with the lower part of both sexes, except in H. lasiophthaha, extend ven- the head below the eye margin narrow and restricted, the eye extended ven- trad to below a level with the vibrissa, thus re- trad to a level below that of the oral stricting the cheeks thereat to very narrow dinen- vibrissa as viewed in profile, excep- sions. The female may further be separated from tion Hydrotaea ZasiophthaZma Malloch 0, lower calyptral scale usually ex- those of similar habitus that are at present known tended narrowly beyond the margin of to occur in California by the following combination upper ....Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy 10 Cheek with 1 or 2 strong upcurved buc- of characters: 4 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral cal bristles, female with anterior bristles, prealar bristle short, abdomen with dis- pair of paraorbital bristles strong and proclinate . , Dendrophaonia Malloch tal bristles on tergum 5, mid tibia without antero- Cheek without notably strong upcurved ventral bristle, hind tibia with usually a single buccal bristles, female with anterior pair of paraorbital bristles not strong, posterodorsal bristle, none such in H. &pes. or absent...... 11 11. Anterior intraalar bristle situated on KEYS TO SPECIES OF HYDROTAEA IN CALIFORNIA the same transverse plane as the supra- Males alar bristle, or slightly cephalad thereof (fig. 11) ...... 12 1. Hind femur spined on ventral surface . 2 Anterior intraalar bristle situated on Hind femur spineless on ventral sur- a transverse level more or less caudad face...... 7 of the supraalar bristle (fig. 12) . . 2. Hind tibia with a stout spine near the Mus&na Rob ineau-Desvoidy middle of ventral surface, curved at Huckett: The Muscidae of CaZifornia 91 tip ...... scdm (Zetterstedt) Wing membrane without a patch of fine Hind tibia spineless on ventral surface - 3 hairs on under surface, mid tarsal 3. Hind femur spined near the middle of segment 4 without fringe ...... 11 ventral surface .... dpes (Fall6n) 11. Profrons and parafrontals polished, Hind femur spined on the prebasal re- glossy ...... 12 gion of ventral surface ...... 4 Profrons and parafrontals pruinescent . 13 4. Knobs of halteres yellow or brownish . 12. Hind femur with a series of posteroven- acuta Stein tral bristles, hind tibia with several Knobs of halteres black ...... 5 short fine anteroventrals . pitipes Stein 5. Mid tibia with a mid anterodorsal bris- Hind femur without posteroventral bris- tle, hind tibia with 2 or more postero- tles, hind tibia with a series of dorsals and numerous posterior-postero- long slender anteroventral bristles . ventral bristles, much longer than max-. depressa Huckett imum diameter of tibia ...... 13. Fore femur with 2 sharp pronglike ven- tasiophthaha Malloch tral processes (fig. 18a), hind tibia Mid tibia without a mid anterodorsal with 1 or 2 short anteroventrals and bristle, hind tibia with 1 postero- is bristleless on posterior or postero- dorsal, and posteroventral bristles, ventral surface . . mteorica (Linnaeus) if present, scarcely longer than max- Fore femur with weak processes on postero- imum diameter of tibia ...... 6 ventral surface, hind tibia with ex- 6, Eyes hairy, distal half of ventral sur- tensive series of long bristles on face of mid tibia with several bristles, anteroventral and ventrad on posteri- hind tibia with a loose isolated clus- or surfaces ...... pititibia Stein ter of setulae and 1 or 2 adjacent stiffish setae on the ventral surface, situated about two fifths length of Females tibia from its apex (fig. 31) .... ocmtlta (bieigen) 1. Mid tibia with a bristle near middle of Eyes mainly bare, distal half of ven- ventral or posteroventral surface . 2 tral surface of mid tibia bristleless, Mid tibia without a bristle near middle hind tibia uniformly densely setulose of ventral or posteroventral surface . 3 on distal half of the ventral surface, 2. Mid tibia with the ventral bristle usual- terminating proximad in one or more ly situated slightly distad of the mid- stiffish setae ...... bashi Collin dle of tibia, hind femur with postero- 7. Vein M. &+2 more distinctly curved than ventral bristles, profrons polished, vein R.4+5 near wing margin ..... 8 glossy ...... nriZitaris (Meigen)* Vein M. 1+2 not more distinctly curved Mid tibia with the ventral bristle us- than vein R.4+5 near wing margin . . 9a ually situated slightly proximad of 8. Hind tibia tufted at apex of ventral the middle of tibia, hind femur with- surface, hind femur without postero- out posteroventral bristles, profrons ventral bristles ....csstata Malloch thinly grayish pruinescent ..... Hind tibia without a tuft at apex of scambus (Zetterstedt) the ventral surface, hind femur with 3. Profrons polished and glossy ..... 4 fine posteroventral bristles .... 9 Profrons pruinescent, thinly so in Scam- 9. Narrower width of frons about equal to bus, not polished ...... 10 breadth of third antennal segment, mid 4. Eyes extensively haired, narrower part coxa with erect stiffish bristles on of parafacials as wide as three fourths caudal surface ...pataestrica (Meigen) breadth of third antennal segment . Narrower width of frons slightly less Zasiophthaha Malloch than width of third antennal segment, Eyes bare or very sparsely haired, narrow- mid coxa with nonstiffened bristles er part of parafacials less than half on caudal surface .... houghi Malloch width of third antennal segment . . 5 9a. Mid metatarsus with a shallow impression 5. Hind femur with 1 or 2 posteroventral bris- along greater part of anteroventral tles as long as height of femur where surface, and with a preapical series situated, hind tibia usually with 2 of erect posteroventral setulae; mid posterodorsal bristles ...... tibia with an extensive series of fine dZita&s (Meigen)" setulae on anterior surface, and of Hind femur without posteroventral bris- longer setae posteriorly ...... tles, or if present much shorter than tuberculata Rondani height of femur where situated .... 6 Mid metatarsus normal in structure and 6. Knobs of halteres yellow ....acuta Stein vestiture ...... 10 Knobs of halteres black ...... 7 10. Wing membrane with a patch of minute 7. Parafrontals polished, glossy ..... 7a hairs on under surface near m-cu Parafrontals dull, unpolished ..... 9 cross-vein, mid tarsal segment 4 with ?a. Presutural acrosticals strong, bristle- a posterior fringe of fine hairs . . like, the two rows rather close to- mititaris (Meigen)* gether ...... 8 92 BuZZetin of tho California Insect Survey Presutural acrosticals weak, or if bristly the two such rows wide apart . tuberedata Rondani 8. Tergum 5 glossy, undulled . . pilipes Stein Tergum 5 not glossy, dulled.depressa Huckett 9. Knees narrowly reddish tinged, eyes bare ...... basdeni Collin Knees concolorous with remainder of legs, blackish, eyes usually with a trace of minute hairs on ventral region .... occutta (Meigen) 10. Vein M. 1+2 curved cephalad near wing mar- gin, thus narrowing opening to cell R. 5, presutural acrosticals strong, bristle- like , comparable to postsutural caudal pair...... 11 Vein M. 1+2 not curved cephalad on approach- ing wing margin so as to reduce the open- ing to cell R.5, presutural acrosticals finer and weaker than postsutural cau- dal pair ...... 13 11. Sternopleura with a well developed bris- tle immediately below and slightly cau- dad of the polished area, ocellar tri- angle largely pollinose ...... pakzestrica (Meigen) Sternopleura without a well developed bristle immediately below and slightly caudad of the polished area, ocellar triangle partly or largely glossy, shining where adjoining the anterior half of ocellar callosity ...... 12 12. Marginal bristles on caudal surface of Abdomen blackish, a darker cast than mid coxa weak, not longer than the the brownish legs, sternum 2 glossy. . posteroventral bristles of mid femur, pilitibia Stein the latter bristles extending in series to middle of femur .... houghi Malloch Hydrotaea acuta Stein Inner, mesal bristles on caudal surface of mid coxa longer and coarser, stiff- (Map 49) i ish, mid femur with a few weak bristles Hydrotaea acuta Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., (1897) restricted to basal region of postero- 42: 167. ventral surface .....cristata Malloch 13. Mid tibia with an anterodorsal bristle . 14 Hydrotaea dissimizis Aldrich, 1926, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mid tibia without anterodorsal bristle . 15 Mus., 69: 5. 14. Eyes distinctly haired, narrower part Syntypes: dd $2, Tifton, Georgia (l?"H, ZMUB, of parafacials as wide as three fourths MCZ) . width of third antennal segment ... tasiophthalma Malloch Geographic range.--Arizona, California, Florida, Eyes bare or nearly so, narrower part Georgia, Nevada. of parafacials less than half width of Cazifornk records.--CALAVERAS CO.: Milton, 2 third antennal segment . . pititibia Stein d, 1 $, X-21-17 (J. C. Bradley, CAS; HCH). FRESNO 15. Mind tibia without a median posterodor- CO.: Fresno, 1 d, 1 9, VI-26-61, at egg bait (D. J. sal bristle ...... amipes (Fall&) Wonneldorf, BVC). KERN CO.: 16 mi. S. of Weldon, 1 Hind tibia with a median posterodorsal 0, IV-26-64 (P. Rude, CIS). LOS ANGELES CO. : Big bristle ...... 16 Dalton Dam, 1 9, VII-13-50 (W. C. Bentinck, CIS). 16. Hind tibia with a slender apical postero- Downey, 1 2, XII-31-63 (D. Rohe, BVC) . RIVERSIDE ventral bristle, hind femur with an- CO.: Riverside, 1 p, 111-30-33, 1 2, IV-12-33 (A. teroventral bristles restricted to 3. Baslnger, CAS). San Jacinto Mountains, 3 0, VII- distal half. ... scambus (Zetterstedt) 21-29 (R. H. Beamer, UK). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Up- Hind tibia without a slender apical land, 1 5, 1 $, V-25-, ex dead cat, types of dis- posteroventral bristle, hind femur simizis Aldrich, (J. F. Tllingworth, USNM). SAN with at least a few fine short antero- DIEGO GO. : Borrego Springs, 1 d, 1 2, IV-20-65, 2 ventral bristles on proximal half . . 17 d, VI-22-65, 1 2, X-4-65, 1 p, XII-7-65 (S. E. Ha- 17. Abdomen of grayish cast, paler than legs, seltine, BVC) . Cuyamaca Mountains, l d, VIII-16-14 sternum 2 of abdomen dull, unpolished . (J. C. Bradley, CAS). Rincon, 1 d, XII-7-35, 10, meteorica (Linnaeus) XII-13-35 (A. J. Basinger, CAS). San Diego County, 1 Huckett: The Muscidae of CalLfornia 93 California records (map 50) .--This species oc- curs throughout the State from sea level at the coast through Transition and Upper Sonoran Zone re- gions to the margins of the deserts. Probably the adults are active throughout most of the year in various warmer parts of the state, as they have been collected from January to September in cismon- tane southern California, in January in the Owens Valley, and from February to October in the San Francisco Bay area and the Sacramento Valley, and as late as October in the San Joaquin. However, records are too scattered to give a complete pic- ture. In the mountains Hydrotaea &pes has been collected from April in the foothills through the summer at moderate elevations, ranging up to 8,500 feet in the central Sierra Nevada and above 10,000 feet in the White Mountains. The species A. &pes is recorded from 40 counties and 93 localities, based on an examination of 147 specimens, of which 39 were males and 108 females . Adults, along with those of Fmnia benjdni, have been found to associate with tabanids for the purpose of feeding on the blood of horses from pre- existing wounds (Garcia and Radovsky, 1962: 1115). 2.- 2.- - ,n Larvae of H. &pes are coprophagous and seeming- Map 50. California distribution of Rydrotaea armips (Fall&). ly zoophagous (Portschinsky , 1910: 76-77; Keilin, 1917: 404). They have been bred from manure and 2 $', VII-7-29 (P. W. Oman, UK). SANTA BARBARA CO.: Gaviota Pass, 1 d, VI-16-63 (H. L. Griffin, CIS). feces of domestic animals, chiefly of cattle and SANTA CLARA CO. : 1 0, no date (Baker, USNM) . SANTA horses (Howard, 1901: 44; Sgguy, 1923: 287; Thom- CRUZ CO.: Santa Cruz Mountains, 1 0, IV-18-95 (CAS), sen and Hammer, 1936: 572-574, 581; Coffey, 1966: The species H. aclrta is related to H. oeculta 216). and H. basdeni, from which it differs in having the The adults may readily be distinguished from bobs of halteres yellowish to yellowish brown. similar taxa in the genus by the absence of a me- The male of H. acuta has the eyes hairless in dis- dian posterodorsal bristle on the hind tibia. The tinction to H. occuZta, and the mid tibia with sev- male has a ventral spine near the middle of hind eral slender bristles on ventral surface as apart femur, and a loose tuft of slender setae on the from the male of H. basdeni. proximal half of the ventral surface of hind tibia. Hydrotaea armipes (Fall'en) Hydrotaea basdeni Collin (Map 50) Hydxotaea basdeni Collin, 1939, Entomol Mon. Mag., Musca &pes Fall&, 1825, Monographia Muscidum 75: 135-136. Sveciae, Muscides, p. 75. Type: d, Bix, Oxfordshire (Coll. E. B. BAsden). Types: 6 0, Southern Sweden. Geographic range.--California, Iowa, Maryland, Geographic ve.--Widely distributed in the Michigan, New Brunswick, New York, Ohio, Ontario, temperate region of continental North America, Quebec attaining its northern range in the provinces of . British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, southern Que- Cazifomia record. --LAKE CO. : Clear Lake, High- bec, and Labrador, southward in New England, the lands, 1 d, VIII-22-58, at light trap (R. E. Dolphin, states bordering the Great Lakes, from New York to ucn). Minnesota, in New Jersey, Virginia, and North Caro- The species H. basdeni may be linked to H. occul- lina; in the west, from Nebraska and Kansas, and in the region of the Rocky Mountains from Idaho to ta from which the males differ in having the eyes New Mexico, from the southwest in Nevada and Arizo- nearly hairless, and the mid and hind tibiae without na, and on the Pacific coast from Washington to southern California. the pronounced bristling present in the males of 94 Bulletin of the California Insect Smey ocmtlta. The females of the two species are not readily separated from each other; in H. basdeni the knees are narrowly reddish tinged. Larvae are probably scavengers in nests of birds, having been bred from the nest of an owl in Oxford- shire, England (Collin 1939: 136), of a starling in Maryland (Huckett, 1954: 330), and found in the nest of a falcon, FaZeo tinnmcuZus L., in Berlin (Hennig, 1962: 712). Hydrotaea cristata Malloch HydroCaea eSstata Malloch, 1918, Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. SOC., 13: 93. Holotype: d, New Bedford, Massachusetts (111- "S). Gographic range. --Alaska, Alberta, British Co- lumbia, California, Colorado, Kansas, Labrador, Manitoba, Massachusetts, Maine, Montana, New Mexico, Nova Scotia, Northwest Territory, New York, Nebraska, Newfoundland, Ontario, Oregon, Quebec, Utah, Wyow ing, Yukon Territory. Y L .".! I .I -___ CaLifornia records.--ELDORADO CO.: Echo, 1 0 VIII-10-40 (E. E. Kenaga, UK). MODOC CO.: Lily Map 51. CaliEornia distribution of B$p&utoan houghi Malloch. Lake, 7 mi. E. Pine Creek, 1 d, IX-24-63 (J. E. Brooks, A. M. Barnes, BVC). The species H. cristata is allied to A. houghi and H. dentipes (Fabr.)", from both of which the Hydrotaea houghi Mal loch male differs in having no posteroventral bristles (Map 51) on the hind femur. In both sexes of cristata the Hydrotaea houghi Malloch, 1916, Bull. Brooklyn En- tomol. SOC., 11: 110. caudal bristles on mid coxa are stiffish and coarsen- Hydrotaea dentipes caemkscens Stein, 1920, Arch. ed mesad. Naturgesch., (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 41. Lectotype: d, Homer, Illinois (I11NHS). Hydrotaea depressa Huckett Geographic range.--Widely distributed in con- Hydrotaea depressa Huckett, 1954, Ann. Entomol. SOC. tinental North America, reaching northward to Am., 47: 327. southern Alaska and eastward from British Columbia to Newfoundland, the Maritime provinces, and New Holotype: d, Pinecrest, Tuolumne County, Cali- England states, southward across the continent to fornia (CAS). include the states bordering the Great Lakes, the Geographic range.--Alberta, California, Idaho. northern tiers and those central; in the east the Atlantic states to as far south as Florida; in the Pinecres t CaZifomia record. --TUOLUMNE CO. : , south the Gulf and adjoining states, and in the 1 VIII-11-48, holotype (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). d, southwest New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Cali- The species H. depressa may be associated with fornia. The species also occurs in Hawaii. H. piZipes Stein, both having the parafrontals and California records (map 51) .--The distribution in California is restricted to a fairly narrow profrons largely polished. In the male of H. de- circum-valley range associated with Transition and pressa the hind femur is without posteroventral Canadian Zone habitats. The species occurs up to about 6,500 feet in the Sierra Nevada and 7,000 bristles, and the hind tibia has a series of long- feet in the San Bernardino Mountains. Adults are er anteroventral bristles. In the female of &- active commonly from February to September in the San Francisco Bay area, and there is one record in pressa the fifth tergum is dull, not glossy as in November (Redwood City). In the mountains collec- piZipes . tions have been made from May till July and Septem- Huckett: The Eluscidae of California 95 ber in southern California. Altogether the species has been recorded from about 40 localities in 20 counties. H. houghi belongs to the H. dentipes-group, and is related to E. c&stata, from which the male dif- fers in having a series of posteroventral bristles on the hind femur, and is without a crest or tuft at the apex of the ventral surface of the hind ti- bia. The female of H. houghi has a more extended series of posteroventral bristles on the proximal half of mid femur than in H. &stata, and lacks the inner stiffish caudal setae on the mid coxa that are present in both sexes of H. c&stata. Hydrotaea lasiophthalma Malloch Hydrotaea ZasiophthaZma Malloch, 1919 , Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser., 4 9: 297. Holotype: 6, Fallen Leaf Lake, near Lake Ta- hoe, California (CAS). Geographic range.--Alberta, California, Colo- rado. California record.--ELDORADO CO.: Fallen Leaf Map 52. California distribution of Hydrotaasa occuzta Lake, near Lake Tahoe, 1 VII-15-15, type (E. C. d, (Meigen) Van Dyke, CAS). . H. kswphthaha has eyes distinctly haired and parafacials evenly broad throughout. The male has from those of related species by the presence of a ventral spine on the proximal third of hind femur, two sharp prongs on the ventral surface of fore fe- and numerous long slender bristles on the anterior mur (fig. 18a). The female has the abdomen gray, aspect and distal half of the posterior surface of as in &pes, from which it mybe separated by the hind tibia, including 2 or 3 posterodorsal bris- the presence of a posterodorsal bristle on hind ti- tles. bia. Hydrotaea meteori ca (Li nnaeus) H. rneteorica is recorded commonly as breeding in (Fig. 18a) decomposing vegetation and the droppings of cows and Musca meteorica Linnaeus, 1758, Systema naturae per other herbivores; adults, under favorable atmospheric regna tria naturae. Ed. 10 I: 597. conditions, are a nuisance to man and beast by their Type: unknown. persistent attention (Linnaeus, 1758: 597; Schiner, Geographic range.--Widely distributed in the 1862: 616; Taschenberg, 1880: 118; Knab, 1916: 2-3; western provinces and states of North America, oc- curring from British Columbia to Saskatchewan, in Keilin, 1917: 405; Se'guy, 1923: 291). the region of the Rocky Mountains from Montana and Hydrotaea occul ta (Meigen) Idaho to Utah, Colorado, Kansas and New Mexico, and on the Pacific coast from Washington to California , (Fig. 31; map 52) and in Arizona; in the east, occurring in the re- Anthomyia occutta Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr., 5: gion of the Great Lakes from Mchigan to Minnesota, 133. and in the northeastern states from New York to Maine. Anthomyia i&la Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus., 4: 948. California records.--MARIPOSA CO.: Posemite, 1 0, V-14-16 (H. G. Dyar, USNM). MONO CO.: Mill Eriphia Lata Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus. , 4: Creek, 1 2, IX-6-58 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). 963. The male of H. meteorka may be distinguished Type: d, locality not stated (MNH Paris). 96 BulZet.in of the California Insect Smey Geogruphic range.--Widely distributed in con- sal bristles, and the mid coxa with upright lengthy tinental North America, reaching as far north as central Alaska, Yukon and Northwest Territories, stiffish bristles on the caudal surface, as is no- northern Quebec; from British Columbia eastward to table in the male of H. cdstatu. The hind tibia Labrador and New England states, southward to states bordering the Great Lakes Region, Maryland, has no crest or tuft at apex of the ventral surface. and Georgia; in the west the Rocky Mountain states The female of H. pahzest~cahas the frontal tri- from Montana south to New Mexico, and on the Paci- fic coast from Washington to California. angle largely pollinose and the abdomen dull gray pruinescent. The sternopleuron possesses a well California records (map 52).--The scattered re- cords indicate that Hydrataea occuZta has a broad developed bristle immediately below and slightly distribution in California similar to that of H. &pes (Map SO), from the coast through Upper So- caudad of its polished area. noran inland valleys to moderate elevations in the Sierra Nevada. The flies are active from Febru- Hydrotaea pilipes Stein ary to October in the San Francisco Bay area and Hydrotuea pilipes Stein, 1903, K.-k. 2001.-Bot. Ge- Sacramento Valley and have been recorded from April sell. Wien, Verhandl. 53: 312. to October in southern California. Sierran and Aldrich, 1918, Can. Entomol., northern collections are from the summer months. Hydritaea orbitazis This species has been recorded from about 35 loca- 50: 311. lities in 20 counties in material examined for the Type: 6, Akkas, Finland (2001. Mus. Helsinki ?) present survey. &t. Hennig, 1962. H. occulta is related to H. basdeni and H. a- Geographic range. --Alaska, Alberta, California, cuta, the male differing from those of the latter Idaho, Michigan, New Hampshire, South Dakota, also Kamchatka Peninsula. two in having the eyes distinctly haired and the California reeord.--SAN BERNARDINO CO.: South hind tibia with a loose clump of slender bristles Fork, Santa Ana River, San Bernardino Mountains, 1 on the ventral surface, set about two-fifths length 9, VIII-2-42 (A. L. Melander, USNM). of tibia from its apex (fig. 31). The female of H. pilipes has the parafrontals, profrons, H. oceulta differs from that of E. acuta in having pleural sclerites, and in the female, the frontal the knobs of halteres black, not yellowish, and triangle and fifth abdominal tergum, all extensively The male is without a ventral spine on from that of H. basdeni in having the knees of ti- polished. biae nonreddish. Larvae of H. occulta are record- hind femur, and has a series of fine antero- and pos- ed by Hennig (1962: 713, 734) as having been rear- teroventral bristles on hind tibia; the female has an ed in a variety of media, including compost and anterodorsal bristle on mid tibia, and in both sexes fungi belonging to Bole* and AdtZaria. the knobs of halteres are black. H-ydrotaea palaestrica (Meigen) Hydrotaea pilitibia Stein Hydrotaea pilitibia Stein, 1916, Arch. Naturgesch., Anthomyia palaestdca Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr. , (1915) Abt. A 81 (10): 73. 5: 135. Aldrich, 1926, Proc. U.S. Type: locality not stated. Hydrotaea abdominalis d, Natl. Mus., 69: 6. Geographic rrmge.--Alberta, Arizona, British Syntypes: d Jhtland, Sweden (ZMUB). Columbia, California, Colorado, Manitoba, Montana, $9, New Mexico, Nova Scotia, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Geographic rcarge.--Alaska, Alberta, British Co- Wyoming. lumbia, California, Colorado, Idaho, Michigan, North Carolina, Northwest Territories, Oregon, Que- records. --ALAMEDA CO. : Berkeley , 1 California bec, Tennessee, Washington, Wyoming, Yukon Terri- d, 111-28-20 (A. J. Basinger, CAS). MONTEREY CO.: tory. Asilomar, 1 IX-1-45 (A. Melander, d, L. USNM) . California records. --EDORADO CO. : Pollock Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park, 1 9, VI-19-49 (P. H. Pines, 1 p, IX-9-52 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). MARIPOSA Arnaud, HCH) SAN MATE0 CO. : San Bruno Mountains, . CO.: Yosemite, 1 0, V-16-16 (H. G. Dyar, USNM). 1 a', 111-14-62 (J. Powell, SANTA CRUZ CO.: CIS). SANTA CLARA CO. : Palo Alto, 1 6, X-9-94 (HCH) Mt. Wermon, 1 9, 111-13-43 (K. Frick, CIS). . SISKIYOU CO.: Castle Lake, 1 9, VIII-29-58 (J. Po- H. palaestrica belongs to the H. dentipes- well, CIS). TULARE CO.: Giant Forest, Sequoia Na- tional Park, 1 9, VII-28-29 (R. H. Beamer, UK). group. The male has the frons wider caudad than in TUOLUMNE CO.: 7 mi. NE of Dardanelles, 1 9, VI-7- related males, the mid tibia with longer anterodor- 60 (W. A. Steffan, CIS). Huckett: )The Muscidae of California The male of H. pilitibia, as in H. &pes and I". Fi. r&Ziik&s*, has strong blunt bristles on the pro- I I ximalhalf of the ventral surface of mid femur and 'I near the base of the same surface on fore femur; the hind femur is without a ventral spine, and the 1 wings without a patch of minute hairs on the under surface as is present in the male of H. mi'litds. The hind femur and hind tibia in the male of 11. pi- litibia have an extensive series of long anteroven- tral bristles and a shorter series of finer postero- ventrals. The female has the profrons dull, pruine- scent, the hind femur with a few weak anteroventral bristles proximad, and in both sexes the second ab- dominal sternum glossy. Yydrotaea scambus (Zetterstedt) CAUFORNI.4 INSECT SURVEY (Map 53) Anthomyza scambus Zetterstedt, 1838, Ins. Lapp., p. UNIVIISITY of ~LlFORW~ 668. %.* ---.^.*- Type: 6, Lycksele Lappmark, Sweden (Zool. Inst. Lund) . Map 53. California distribution of Hydrotaea seambus Geographic range.--Widely distributed in the north temperate region of continental North America, (Zetterstedt) . reaching its northern limits in Central Alaska, Yu- kon Territory, and the upper Mackenzie River Basin, eastward in central Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and tal half of femur, the hind tibia with a slender Newfoundland, and along the southern border of the provinces and in the northern tier of states from apical posteroventral bristle. British Columbia and Alberta to New Brunswick and Maine; in the west along the Rocky Mountain range Hydrotaea tubercul ata Randani from Idaho and Montana to Colorado, Utah, and New Hydmtaea tubereuZata Rondani, 1866, Atti, SOC. Ital. Mexico, and on the Pacific coast from Washington Sei. Nat.,9: 79. to California, in the southwest from Nevada and Arizona. Hydrotaea metatarsata Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., (1897) 42: 166. California records (map 53) .--This bored. species ranges into California in the Warner, Sierra Nevada, Type: d, Piedmont Department, Itdy (Mus. Flo- and White Mountains, occurring from moderate eleva- rence). tions (Yosemite Valley) to timberline at 10,000 feet mge.--Widely distributed in the (Sonora Pass, Pioneer Basin, Tioga A single Geographic Pass). north temperate zone of North America, occurring in specimen record labelled "Sacramento Co. It in Au- the east from Quebec, New Brunmick and northeastern gust, 1929, in need confirmation. survey is of This states southward as far as Maryland and West Virginia; is based on specimens, of which only 3 are males, 56 in the region of the Great Lakes and westerly to South representing about 33 localities in 14 counties, Dakota and Manitoba; in the west from British Columbia all collected in June, July, or August. and Alberta to Idaho and California, also in New Mexi- The male of H. scambus may be recognized readi- co. ly by the bowed or curved appearance of the hind fe- California record.--YUBA CO.: Browns Valley, S. F.R.S.. 1 d, 5 p, April, 1972, reared from cow dung mora and hind tibiae, by the long ventral spine (R. W. Merritt, CIS). near the middle of hind tibia, that is curved at The male of H. tuberculata may be readily recog- apex. In both sexes there is usually a posteroven- nized by the shallow depression along the anteroven- tral surface of the mid metatarsus, and by a pre- tral or ventral bristle near the middle of mid ti- apical series of erect setulae on posteroventral sur- bia. In the female the profrons is thinly pruine- face. The mid tibia has a series of fine setulae and long slender setae, respectively on the anteri- scent, the hind femur without posteroventral bris- or and posterior surface. The female has the pro- tles, and the anteroventrals restricted to the dis- frons, parafrontals, and ocellar triangle shiny, and 98 BuZZetin of the CaLzfornza lnsect Survey ___ -- - ___ - may be distinguished from similar females by the 1 weaker presutural acrosticals. .I Adults of H. tuberculata in conjunction with the 1 chloropid HippeZetes pat Zips (Loew) have been record- '1 ed in New York as feeding on the blood of caws,issu- ing from the feeding punctures made by several species of Tab- and Chrysops, and were considered a nui- ,/ sance to cows when they swarmed around the head. (Ta- shiro and Schwardt. 19531. The snecies. under the J name N. metatarsata, has been captured on human feces (Howard, 1900). The larvae of R. MercuZata are coprophagous, and I are cited as zoophagous, having been reared from the i I droppings of cows (Hammer, 1941: 255; Laurence, 1953). i _. Genus Ophyra Robineau-Desvoidy i Roy. des Sci., MEm. prGsent6.s par divers Sa- yq 1 x... -< hr vans [ser. 21, 2: 516. .---_"..i I' - c, 2- i 1 ~ _> - i * --A- Type-species Robineau-Desvoidy I .- Ophyru nitida , il:--i' designation Rondani 1866 , = Anthomyia leucostoma Gphym Wiedemann 1817. Map 54. California distribution of uen88ce116 (Weidemann). Black, shiny compact species, related to Hy- drotaea, from which the males of Uphyra differ in Ophyra aenescens ( Wiedemann) having no concavity on the ventral surface of (Map 54) fore femur, the eyes nearly as high as the length Anthomyia aensscens Wiedemann, 1830, Aussereuropfi- of fore tibia, the propleura villous, and the fron- sche Zweifl%gelige Insekten, 2: 435. tal triangle of the female extended cephalad to Type: d, New Orleans, Louisiana. the anterior half of the interfrontalia. The lar- Geographic range.--Alabama, Arizona, California, vae are recorded as breeding in decomposing vege- Florida, Georgia.-. Illinois. Louisiana. North Caro- table and animal matter, animal excrement and lina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsyl- vania, also Baja California, Bermuda, Caribbean of birds. nests and Pacific Islands, South America. California records (map 54) .--Ophyra aeneseens displays an austral distribution in California, KEY TO SPECIES OF OPHYRA IN CALIFORNIA ranging from Transition Zone situations along the central coast and at moderate elevations (to about 1. Palip yellow or rufous ...... 2 5,000 feet) in the central Sierra Nevada, to Upper Palpi black, hind tibiae conspicuously and Lower Sonoran Zone stations in the Central Val- curved in male . . leucostoma (Wiedemann) ley, Coachella, and Imperial Valleys and on the 2. Parafrontals and profrons lightly pol- Colorado River at Needles. The flies are active linose, concolorous with the para- throughout the year at inland places in southern facials, hind tibia in male with an California and have been collected in every month extensive series of long slender antero- except December and January in the San Francisco ventral and postemventral bristles. . Bay area. Records from the mountains range from obijctcrifm Sabrosky May to September. This survey is based on speci- Parafrontals and profrons black and mens from about 40 localities in 22 counties. glossy, not concolorous with the parafacials. hind tibia of male The species 0. amescens has palpi fulvous, and with 2 or 3 short anteroventral differs from 0. obscurifrons in having parafrontals bristles and without vosteroventrals . . knescens (Wiedemann) and profrons glossy and polished; in the male by Huckett: The Muscidae of CaZifornia 99 having 2 or 3 short anteroventral bristles on the hind tibia. Oliviera (1941: 346-347), observing the habits of adults on the seashore at Mangaratiba, southern Brazil, concluded that the larvae bred on decaying animal debris washed up on the beach by the sea, and he has drawn attention to the fact that adults were frequently found in slaughterhouses devoted to the processing of animal products. Sabrosky (1949: 428) has recorded adults of 0. aenescens from Hawaii that were reared from larvae in rotten meat. John- son and Venard (1957: 21-26), comenting on the bio- logy of the species in Ohio, reported its presence in all stages throughout the year, and that experi- mentally none were capable of withstanding freezing temperatures. It was claimed that survival of adults during the winter months may possibly be associated with their habit of remaining on and secluding themelves in fermenting garbage. - _... - Ophyra 1 eucos toma (Wi edemann) Map 55. California distribution of Qhym teucostorna (Weidemann). (Map 55) Anthonyia Leucostoma Wiedemann, 1817, Zool. Mag., 1: 82. a dead rat (Sgguy, 1923: 279), in the cesspools Anthomgia opalia Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus., 4: 956. and excreta of human habitation (Lesne, 1923: 1621, Types: d 9, Holstein, Germany. in the droppings of cattle (Howard, 1901: 44), in Geographic range.--Widely distributed in conti- pig dung (Thomsen and Hammer, 1936: 5813, and in nental North America, northerly reaching the south- the excrement of mink and chickens (Coffey, 1966: ern areas of the provinces from British Columbia to Newfoundland, thence southward across the continent; 216), and in nests of swallows and the house spar- in the east the Maritime Provinces and New England row (&guy, 1937: 307). The larvae are regarded states, and those bordering the Great Lakes and At- lantic Ocean to as far south as Florida, Alabama, Ok- as carnivorous, feeding on the insect inhabitants lahoma, and Texas; in the west the central and Rocky of the media. EQountain states to as far as Kansas, Colorado, and Utah, and in the southwest Arizona and California. Catifomia records (map 55).--This species occu- Ophyra obscurifrons Sabrosky pies a coastal and valley distribution, occurring Ophyra Sabrosky, 1949, Proc. Hawaii. in austral situations in the Central Valley but evi- obsmcrifrons Entomol. SOC., (1948) 13: 430. dently not into the deserts. The flight period is prolonged, but does not extend througli the winter Holotype: d, Tsinan, Shantung, China (USNM). as in many other muscids. Adults have been record- Geographic --California, China, Okinawa. ed from March to September in the San Francisco Bay range. area, Apxil to October in the Central Valley, and Californk records. --FRESNO CO. : Fresno , 1 6, March to December in southern California. Records X-9-22 (M. E. Phillips, USNM). RIVERSIDE CO. : represent about 45 localities in 22 counties. Riverside, 1 d, IV-26-55 (L. L. Lewallen, UCR). 0. Zeucostoma has black palpi, and In the male The above specimens of 0. obscurifrons have the hind tibiae bowed, and the calyptrae browned. the palpi paler than in the holotype, being fulvous Larvae have been recorded as present in human corpses or yellow, otherwise possessing the common distin- on disinterment (Motter, 1898: 223), in the body of guishing characters mentioned in the key. 100 Bulktin of the CaZiformia Insect Smey Genus Pogonomyi a Rondani as long as the arista, abdomen partly pruinescent srmtamon$cae Huckett Pogonomyia Rondani, 1871, Boll. SOC. Entomol. Ital., ..... Mid femur with weak or slender antero- (1%70) 2: 336. ventral bristles on distal half, usually Type-species : Pogonomyia alp?koza Rondani, mono- not as long as the arista, abdomen devoid basic. of pruinescence ...... 4 4. Wings extensively infuscated and blackish Species belonging to the genus Pogonomy&z oc- basad ...... aninicoZa Huckett cur mainly at the higher altitudes in mountainous Wings pale, mainly grayish tinged and slightly infuscated basad , rival& Huckett terrain. Larvae are recorded as inhabiting loca- Females tions rich in humus. Adults are of medium size, 4 1. Profrons partly or mostly shiny ..... 2 to 7 mm. in length, wholly black and often shiny; Profrons dull, entirely pruinescent, the knobs of halteres are black and the lower scale mid femur with a well developed antero- ventral bristle on distal half ..... of the calyptrae slightly extended beyond the mar- rizkzzis Huckett gin of the upper. The hind tibiae have 3 or more 2. Longer aristal hairs slightly longer than the basal diameter of the third posterodorsal bristles of gradual intergraded length aristal segment, (fig. 4a), mid femur and even distribution (fig. 32) ; the cheeks are usually with weak or slender antero- ventral bristles on distal half .... greatly restricted by the upward extension of the micokz Huckett subgenal sclerite, the latter being raised slight- Longer aristal hairs about equal in length to the basal diameter of the ly or puffy and is profusely bristled; the para- third aristal segment, fig. 4b, mid facials are broad, the frons relatively long and femur with a well developed antero- ventral bristle on distal half ..... 3 the face and antennae short, the oral margin is 3. Profrons dulled along the margin of the curved forward, and the arista is minutely haired eye, the pruinescence uninterrupted thereby ...... m-hr Malloch (figs. 4, 5). The prealar bristle is long. In Profrons notably bare and polished, the male the eyes are closely approximated at the tenuously so to eye margin and inter- rupting the pruinescence thereby 4 narrower part of the frons; the parafrontal bris- .... 4. Mesonotum viewed from in front with trace tles are well maintained in length caudad, and ex- of brownish pollen and a median dark stripe ...... smtmnicae Huckett tend in series to a level with the frontal triangle; Mesonotum jet black and shiny, without median stripe pmfrontaZis Huckett the abdomen is conical, the hypopygium small; the .... hind tibia has a slight callus or excrescence, or a Pogonomyi a ami col a Huckett chitinous projection at the apex of the ventral sur- (Figs. 4a, 5, 43, 57; map 56) face. In the female the anterior pair of paraorbi- Pogonomyia micola Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. tal bristles are proclinate. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 34: 291. Holotype: 6, Sardine Creek, Mono County, Cali- KEYS TO SPECIES OF POGONOMYIA IN CALIFORNIA fornia (UGB) . Males Geographic Mnge.--California. 1. Mid femur with an extensive series of slen- CuZifornia rewrde.--&PINE CO.: Hope Valley, der apically directed anteroventral bris- 1 6, 1 0, VIII-1-35 (H. B. Keifer, CDA); 2 0, VII- tles, from prebasal to preapical fourth . 2 9-48 (D. Carter, S. A. Sher, CIS). Winnemucca Mid femur without such an extensive series Lake, 1 $., VI-30-59, 1 6, VII-30-59 (R. M. Bohart, of anteroventralbristles ...... 3 UCD). Woods Lake, 1 9, VII-16-60 (C. G. Moore, 2. Mid femur with long posteroventral bris- UCD) . AMADOR CO. : 4 mi. N. of Silver Lake, 1 d, tles restricted to distal half, by con- 6 0, VII-25-55 (J. C. Downey, UCD). EL DORADO CO.: trast weakly setulose on proximal half, Angora Park, Tahoe, 1 d, VII-26-15 (E. P. Van Duzee, abdomen partly pruinescent on dorsum. . CAS). Echo Lake, 2 d, VII-23-55 (E. I. Schlinger, minor Malloch J. C. Downey, UCD). Grass Lake, Luther Pass, 10, Mid femur with long posteroventral bris- VII-24-55 (J. C. Downey, UCD). Luther Pass, 2 d', tles extended in series to prebasal re- 5 9, VII-6-59 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). MARIWSA-TUO- gion, abdomen entirely black, without LUMNE CO.: Glacier Point Road, Yosemite National pruinescence .....pmfmntaz-h Huckett Park, 7 d, 1 0, VII-1-47 (A. L. Melander, US"). 3. Mid femur with long anteroventral bris- MONO CO.: 2 mi. W. of Leavitt Meadow, 1 0, VI-16- tles on distal half, the longer fully 61 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). Mammoth Lake, 1 d, VII- Huckett: The MuscCdae of CaZifornia 10 1 rivalis by having the profrons partly polished and the mid femur usually with weak or slender an- teroventral bristles on distal half, Pogonomyia minor Mal 1 och Pogonomyia minor Malloch, 1918, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 44: 280. Holotype: d, Beulah, New Mexico (ANSP). Geographic range.--Alberta, British Columbia, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Oregon, Saskatche- wan, Wyoming. Cazifom&z records. --ALPINE CO. : Hope Valley, 3 d, VI-29-57 (J. Powell, CIS). NEVADA CO.: Truckee, 1 6, VI-26-43 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). SIERRA CO.: Webber Lake, 6,780 ft. 4 d, 4 0, VII-2-59 (J. M. Linsley, CIS); 1 6, VII-3-64 (M. E. Irwin, UCR); 2 d, VII-3-65 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Males of P. &nor Malloch and P. profrontatis have a series of long anteroventralbristles on the mid femur, extending from near the prebasal re- gion to the preapical fourth of the femur. The male -_ - [I, --, I ,, I* I. of P. mhur differs from that of P. pmfr#itaZ 12-33 (CAS). 1 mi. S. of Saddlebag Lake. 2 6, 3 male of P. minor the polished extent of the profrons 7, VII-15-61 (D. R. Miller, UCD; G. I. Stage, CIS). is discontinued before reaching the margin of the Sardine Creek, 8,600 ft. 44 6, 17 9, VI-28-51, type series (C. A. Downing, J. W. McSwain, CIS; S. M. eye due to the pruinescence dulling the surface. Kappos, D. P. Lawfer, A. T. McClay, R. W. Morgan, UCD); 1 d, 3 Q, VII-6-51, 1 d, 1 Q, VII-11-51, 1 6, 4 Q, VII-12-51, 1 6, VII-18-51 (A. T. McClay, Pogonomyia profrontalis Huckett UCD). SIERRA CO.: 5 mi. of Webber Lake, 2 E. 0, (Fig. 44, 50, 58; map 57) VII-29-30-55 (It. W. Bushing, E. A. Kurtz, UCD). TUOLUMNE CO. : Conness Glacier , Yosemite Nat.iona1 POgonOmy~pr0fPontdis Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Park, 1 2, VII-30-36 (E. C. Hendie, CIS). Porcu- Acad. Sci., ser 4 34: 293. pine Flat, Yosemite National Park, 2 VIII-2-62 6, Holotype: d, Big Spring, Shasta County, Cali- (R. and K. Dietrich, HCH). Sonora Pass, 9,624 ft. fornia (UCB) 1 d, VII-17-53 (R. M. Bohart, UCD). vicinity of . Sonora Peak, 1 d, VI-23-60 (D. C. Rentz, CAS). Geographic Mnge.--Cdifornia. Strawberry, 1 VII-15-51 (A. T. McClay, VCD). d, California records.--ALPINE CO.: 1.5 mi. SW. of Tuolumne Meadow, Yosemite National Park, 1 'f, VII- Alpine Lodge, 1 2, VI-21-62 (C. D. MacNeill, CAS). 22-36 (E. C. Hendie, CIS). Hope Valley, 5 Q, VI-7-52 (R. M. Bohart, UCD). Win- Males of P. anmicola closely resemble those of nemucca Lake, 1 d, VI-25-50, 1 ?, VII-30-59 (R. M. Bohart, UCD). CO.: Wright's Lake, 4 P. rivalis, differing more notably in that the wings liL DORADO d, 6 9, VII-2-48 (R. C. Bynum, J. W. MacSwain, K. W. of P. micola are more densely infuscated, being Tucker, CIS; D. Carter, UCD). MARIPOSA-TUOLUMNE CO.: Glacier Point Road, Yosemite National Park, 1 2, VII- blackish basad. Males of both species differ from 6-47 (A. L. Melander, USNM). NEVADA CO.: Truckee, that of P. s?%,Zis Malloch*, by having the abdomen 1 d, VI-10-53 (A. D. Telford, UCD). PLACER CO.: Baxter, 5 d, 6 0, V-20-52 (A. T. McClay, UCD). Dutch uniformly black and shiny, without a dorsocentral Flat, 19, V-13-56 (H. R. Moffitr, UCD). PLUMAS CO.: stripe, and the mid femur with a series of longish Bucks Lake, 1 d, VI-23-49 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS). 10 mi. S. of Johnsdlle, 2 d, 1 0, VI-12-61 (J. S. posteroventral bristles on the middle half. Buckett, UCD). SHASTA CO.: Big Spring, 1 d, 1 ?, The female of P. micola differs from that of P. V-23-41, types (E. G. Linsley, CIS). 102 Bulletin of the Cdifomia Insect Survey I -~ -~_. - Map 57. California distribution of Pogonoyia profnmtaZ& Map 58. California distribution of Pogomnyk santamonicae Hucket t . Huckett. The male of P. profrontaZis differs from that that of P. anmicola by the paler grayish wings and of P. rmhr in having the abdomen entirely black weaker infuscation basad. The female of P. riva- and shiny, without pruinescence, and the long pos- lis has the profrons entirely pruinescent, and the teroventral bristles on mid femur extended in se- mid femur with a well developed anteroventral bris- ries to the prebasal region. Females of P. pro- tle on distal half. frontalis and P. santmonicas have the profrons no- tably bare and polished, and as thus tenuously ex- Pogonomyia santamonicae Huckett (Figs. 4b, 45, 51, 59; map 58) tended to eye margin. In P. profrontalis the meso- Pogonoryia santmnicae Wuckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. notum of the female is jet black and shiny, with Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 34: 294. no indication of a median stripe. Holotype: d, Santa Monica Mountains, Los An- Pogonomyia rivalis Huckett geles County, California (GAS). Geographic range.--California. Pogonomyia rivalis Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4 34: 293. California records. --LOS ANGELES CO. : Clare- mont, 1 6, 2 ?, no date (Baker, USNM). Mountains Holotype: d, Sardine Creek, Mono County, Ca- near Clarenont, no date (Baker, Santa Moni- lifornia (UCD). USNM). ca Mountains, 2 6, 1 $, VII-3-50, type series (CAS; Geographic range.--California. UCLA). RIVERSIDE CO.: Keen Camp, 1 d, V-18-51 (E. I. Schlinger, CIS). SAN BENITO CO.: 2 mi. W. California ZW?OP&,--EL DORADO CO.: Angora of Junction of Cienega and Lime Kiln Roads, 1 d, Lake, Tahoe, 1 d, VII-26-15 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). 111-30-63 (D. C. Rentz, CAS). SAN DIEGO CO.: Cu- MQMO CO.: 1 mi. S. of Saddlebag Lake, 10, VII-15- yamaca, 5 d, 4 $, V-7-48 (A. L. Melander, USNM). 61 (D. R. Miller, UCD). Sardine Creek, 8,500 ft. Cuyamaca Lake, 4,600 ft. 3 d, IV-21-55 R. M. 7 22 9, VI-22-51, type series (D. P. Lawfer, S. (W. 6, Mason, W. R. Richards, CNC). Descanso, 1 III- M. Kappos. A. T. McClay, R. W. Morgan, UCD; C. A. d, 30-61 (P. D. Hurd, CIS). 1 mi. of Mt. Laguna Downing, J. W. MacSwain, CIS). N. Junction, 2 6, 111-26-61 (W. A. Steffan, CIS). Pine The male of P. rivalis may be separated from Valley, 1 d, IV-24-20 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). Huckett: The Muscidae of CaZifomk 10 3 The male of P. santamonicae may be distinguish- angle cephalad. The mid femur of the male has no ed from those of P. amraicoh and P. pmOfratal63 conspicuous ventral bristling. by the brownish pruinescence and dorsocentral mark- Eupogonomyia species ing on the abdomen, and the female of P. santWmi- Geographic range and Catifomia cae from those of the two latter species by the records.--IN- YO CO.: Mono Pass, 2 9, VIII-13-57 (D. D. Lins- brownish dust and weak median stripe on the mesono- dale, CIS). near Mono Pass, 12,000 ft. NW. Inyo County, 1 9, VIII-11-63 (C. A. Toschi, CIS). MONO tum. The mid femur of the male of P. santamonicae CQ.: Mt. Bancroft Laboratory, 12,500 ft. White has long anteroventral bristles on the distal half, Mountains, 2 2, VII-5-61 (J. Powell, CIS). White Mountains, 2 VII-21-53 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). and the profrons of the female is notably polished v, Without the male I can only record the pre- in extent, as in P. profrontdis. sence of the species, unnamed, as indicated by the Genus Eupogonomyi a Mal 1 och female. Eupogononnjia Malloch, 1921, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Genus Lasi ops Mei gen ser. 4 11: 178-180. Lasiops Meigen, 1838, Syst. Beschr., 7: 323. Type-species: Eupogonofiry&z pribitofensis Mal- loch, original designation. Trichopticus Schnabl, 1889, Horae SOC. Entomol. Ross., 23: 342. The genus Eupogononyia possesses many of the Type-species : Anthoiyia sdcinerea Wiedemann, diagnostic characters attributed to Pogomtyia Ron- designation of Karl, 1928.3 dani. The prealar bristle in Eupogonomyia may be The genus ksiops has setulose hairs on the absent or present as a weak short bristle. caudal surface of the hind coxae. Many Of the males are notable for the peculiarities in their KEY TO FEMALES OF EUF'OGONOMYIA IN CALIFORNIA femoral and/or tibial armature as compared to that Oral margin extended cephalad to a level beyond tip of profrons, prealar bris- of the female. Several of the species occur in tle absent...... E. species mountainous terrain. Adults are found to frequent Oral margin not extended cephalad to a level beyond tip of profrons, prealar the blossoms of upland flowering plants, as the bristle present. . . neobareatis (Snyder) UmbeZZiferae and Scrophytdaceae. Larvae of La- siops sens. ser. are recorded as breeding in loca- Eupogonomyia neoboreal is (Snyder) tions rich in humus. Those of the segregate AZ- ArYicia borealis Malloch, 1919, Rep. Can. Arct. Ex- ped. 1913-18, 3: Insects, Pt. C. Diptera, pp. heost?jZus are known to be coprophagous, and in 64c-65c d. name preoc. Zetterstedt, 1845. the later instars zoophagous (Se'guy.1923: 302, 311; HeZina neoboreaZis Snyder, 1949, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. 1950: 386). Hist. , 94: 122. new name for N&a bopsaZis Malloch. KEYS TO SPECIES OF LASIOPS IN CALIFORNIA Holotype: d, Bernard Harbor, Northwest Terri- Males tories (CNC) . 1. Yellow species, palpi, femora and tibiae Geographic range.--Alaska, California, Colorado, fulvous, abdomen partly or entirely so . Northwest Territories. diaphanus (Wiedemann) California records.--1NYO CO.: Upper Rock Creek, Blackish species, palpi, abdomen, fe- 10,000 ft. NW. Inyo County, 1 d, VIII-14-63 (C. A. mora and tibiae blackish ...... 2 Toschi, CIS). White Mountains, 1 2, VII-24-36 (E. C. Hendie, CIS). MADERA CO.: Garnet Lake, 1 0, VIII-9-52 TUOLUMNE CO.: mi. W. Sonora (HCH). 5 of 3. I hold that Coquillett (1901) was in error when by a pro- Pass, 1 2, VII-21-56 (J. Powell, CIS). ce~sof elimination he dismissed the claim of Antkmyiu @caZiS Meigen. the first in a series of 5 nominal species E. neoboreatis may usually be separated from its available for purposes of type designation in the Genus neatest relatives by the presence of a short prealar Lasiops Meigan, and that it left the species Musca hirti- ceps FallCn, the fourth in the series, as the type-species, bristle, fine sensory hairs on the anteroventral and a Hydrotaea. Anthomyia apicalis Meigen has been accepted by authors as a synonym of Anthomyin sekcinsrea Weidemnn, posteroventral surfaces of the fore metatarsus. and following Schiner's (1862, Faun. Austr. I: 619) early in- dication that the two forma were probably conspecific and by the less conspicuous extension of the vibrissa1 belonged to the genus Lasiops Meigen. 104 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey 2. Fore tibia with stout spines on posterior or posteroventral surface ..... 3 Fore tibia spineless on posterior or posteroventral surface ...... 5 3. Fore tibia with spines in single series . fimbriatus (Coquillett) Fore tibia with spines not in single series ...... 4 4. Fore tibia with 4 or 5 spines, arranged 2: 2 or 3 .... septent2pionalis (Stein) Fore tibia with 3 spines,arranged 2: 1 . spiniger (Stein) * 5. Interfrontalia continuous caudad, se- parating the parafrontals, hind fe- mur and hind tibia not profusely bris- tled ...... furcatus (Stein) Interfrontaiia obscured caudad and para- frontals thereat contiguous, hind fe- mur and hind tibia profusely bristled . medius (Stein) Females 1. Thorax and abdomen partly or entirely yellow ...... diaphanus (Wiedemann) Thorax and abdomen blackish ...... 2 2. Mid tibia with a robust posteroventral bristle near middle of tibia, and normally with 3 pairs of postsutural ,*.A ,u>- _L ,a - , -.."..-JJ dorsocentral bristles . . furcatus (Stein) &- ,:. -* d --- - - Kid tibia without a robust mid postero- Map 59. California distribution of k8iOpS fimbria* ventral bristle, and normally with 4 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral (Coquillett) . bristles ...... 3 3. Fore and/or mid tibiae with fine bristly hairs on the ventral surface ..... medius ( Stein) Lake, 7 mi. E. of Pine Creek, 1 0, VII-11-57 (J. Fore and mid tibiae without fine bristly Powell, CIS). MONO CO.: Cottonwood Creek, 9,300 hairs on the ventral surface ..... ft. 1 d, VLI-10-61 (J. S. Buckett, UCD). McKay fimbriatus (Coquillett) Creek, Sonora Pass, 2 p, VIII-18-60 (E. Jessen, CIS). septentrionaZis (Stein) Virginia Lakes, 9,750 ft. 1 d, 2 9, VIII-17-63 (H. and spiniger (Stein)* B. Leech, CAS). NEVADA CO. : Sagehen, near Hobart Mills, 1 6, VI-25-54 (R. H. Goodwin, CIS). Sagehen Subgenus Las iops Mei gen Creek, near Hobart Mills, 1 6, VII-7-64, 1 d, VII-9- 64, 1 2, VII-10-64, 1 d, 3 2, VII-15-64, in malaise t as iops (Las iops ) f inbri atus (Coqui 11 e tt) trap (M. E. Irwin, UCR). SAN BERNWINO CO.: Upper Santa Ana River, 1 d, VIII-3-47 (A. L. Melander, US (Map 59) NM). SISKIYOU CO.: Panther Meadows, Mt. Shasta, 1 Phaonia fimbriata Coquillett, 1904, Invert. Pacif., d, VIII-4-63 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). TUOLUNNE CO.: Sen- Dipt.1: 35. tinel Dome, Yosemite National Park, 8,117 ft. 1 d, VII-3-46 (H. Chandler, CAS). I Holotype: d, Ormsby County, Nevada (USNM). The male of L. fimbriatus has 3 or more spines range.--California, Nevada. Geogavrphie on the fore tibia, arranged in a single series, California records.--EL DORADO CO.: Echo Lake, thereby differing from the males of L. septentriom- 7,400 ft. 1 d, VII-7-54, 16, VII-16-55 (W. W. Mid- dlekauff, CIS); 1 d, VII-23-55 (J. C. Downey, UCD); Zis and L. spiniger Stein*. Females of the three 1 VI-17-59 d, (W. W. Middlekauff, CIS); 1 d, VI1-13- taxa are not readily separated from one-another 61 (J. G. Chillcott, CNC). Fallen Leaf Lake, 6,500 ft. 1 6, VII-13-61 (B. H. Poole, CNC). Grass Lake, for diagnostic purposes. Luther Pass, 1 d, VII-24-55 (J. C. Downey, UCD). FRESNO GO.: Pioneer Basin, 11,000-11,500 ft. 1 $, Lasiops (Lasiops) furcatus (Stein) VIII-19-56, 1 0, X-6-63 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD; UCR). Trichopticus furcatus Stein, 1916, Arch. Naturgesch., INYO CO.: Bishop, 2 d, VII-28-40 (R. H. Beamer, (1915) Abt. A 81 (10): 40. UK). Lone Pine, 3 d, 2 0, VII-28-40 (R. H. Beamer, L. J. Lipovsky, UK). Lone Pine Creek, 10,250 ft. 2 Tr'richopt'rieus melande~Malloch, 19 20 , Trans. Am. d, VII-7-61 (H. V. Daly, CIS). MODOC CO.: Lily Entomol. SOC., 46: 159. Huckett: The Musddae of California 105 Syntypes: d '$, Cusiano, Italo-Austrian Alps (ZMUB) . Ge?ographic me.--Alberta, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Montana, New Hampshire, On- tario, Washington, Wyoming. Catifomia reaords. --INYO CO. : Ruby Lake, 11,250 ft., 4 d, 6 0, VIII-13-57 (D. D. Linsdale, J. Powell, CIS). MADERA CO. : Lye11 Canyon, 1 0, VIII-8-35 (E. C. Zimmerman, CAS). TUOLUMNE CO.: Sonora Pass, 1 d, VIII-21-59 (J. Powell, CIS). 2 mi. W. of Sonora Pass, 1 0, VIII-21-59 (G. I. Stage, CIS). Tuolumne Meadows, 9,000 ft. 2 d, 1 9, VIII- 16-16 (G, R. Pilate, USNM). The species L. furcatus normally has 3 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles, and a mid posteroventral bristle on the mid tibia. The hind tibiae of the male are without the profuse brist- ling on the hind tibiae of males of L. medius, L. septsntrionalis and L. f Lasiops (Lasiops) medius (Stein) (Map 60) l!r&#wpticus rned6.m Stein, 1920 May, Arch. Natur- gesch., (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 19. !Z%chopticus brevitarsis Malloch, 1920 June , Trans. Map 60. California distribution of LQS~O~Smedius (Stein). Am. Entomol. SOC., 46: 161. Syntypes: dd, Rabbit Ear and Marshall Passes, Colorado (USNM) . The species L. medius is closely related to L. Geographic range.--Alaska, Alberta, British Co- uiZl&?rum (Coquillett)*, from which it differs in lumbia, California, Colorado , Nebraska, Washington, the male by having the posteroventral setulae on Wyoming. fore tibia and fore tarsus shorter and less shaggy, Catifornia remrds.--AHADOR CO.: 4 mi. N. of Silver Lake, 1 '$, VII-25-55 (J. C. Dmey, UCD). EL and the series more restricted. DORADO CO.: Echo Lake, 1 d, VII-7-54 (W. W. Middle- kauff, CIS). FRESNO CO.: Pioneer Basin, 10-11,000 Lasiops (Las iops ) septentri onal is (Stein) ft. 2 9, VIII-19-56 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). INYO A&& septentgonalis Stein, 1898, Berl. Entoml. CO.: Lone Pine Creek, 8,250 ft. 1 9, VII-7-61 (G. Z., (1897) 42: 184. I. Stage, CIS). Ruby Lake, 11,250 ft., 16 d, 3 0, VIII-13-57 (D. D. Linsdale, J. Powell, CIS). MONO Type: d, Fort Wrangell, Alaska (FMNH) . CO.: Cottonwood Creek, 2 d, VII-14-53 (W. D. Mc- Geogmphic range.--Widely distributed across the Leitan, UCD); H. Nakakihara, UCR). Leavitt Meadow, north temperate region of continental North America, 7,200 ft. 2 0, VIII-13-63, flight trap (a. B. Leech, reaching its northern limits in central Alaska and CAS). Sonora Pass, 1 d, VIII-13-60 (J. F. Lawrence, the Mackenzie River Basin as far north as Aklavik, CIS). NEVADA CO. : Jackson Lake 1 0, VII-15-61 (L. thence eastward in northern Manitoba to Quebec, Lab- A. Stange, UCD) . PLACER CO. : Cathedral Lake, Ta- rador, and Newfoundland; southward in the north- hoe, l 2, VII-6-15 (CIS). PLUMAS CO.: Bucks Lake, eastern states from Maine to New York; in the west, 1 d, VII-1-49 (B. Keh, BVC) . SAN DIEGO CO. : Bor- along the Rocky Mountain range from British Columbia rego Valley, 1 9, IV-18-57 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). and Alberta to Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico, on SHASTA CO.: 3 mi. SE. of Mt. Lassen, 1 d, VII-19- the Pacific coast from Washington to California, 55 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS). SISKIYOU CO.: Castle and in Arizona. Also the Commander Islands, Kam- Lake, 1 d, VII-22-58, variant (J. Powell, CIS). chatka Peninsula. TULARE CO.: Mineral King, 1 6, VIII-2-35 (G. E. Bohart, CAS). TUOLUMKE CO.: Chipmunk Flat, 3 9, CaZifornia records.--ALPINE CO.: 1.5 mi. NE. VIII-9-60 (A. S. Menke, UCD). Sonora Pass, 9,624 of Red Lake, 1 9, VII-25-55 (J. C. Downey, UCD). ft. 2 0, VII-29-30-54 (J. C. Dmey, UCD); 1 9, MONO CO.: Leavitt Meadow, 2 0, VIII-13-63, flight VIII-10-57, 1 0, VIII-21-59 (D. D. Linsdale, CIS). trap (H. B. Leech, CAS). Sardine Creek, 1 0, VII- Tioga Pass, 1 d, VII-8-46 (CAS). Tuolumne Meadows, 29-54 (J. C. Downey, UCD). PLACER CO.: Alpine Soda Springs, 8,600 ft. 2 d, VIII-8-16 (G. R. Pi- Creek, Tahoe, 1 0, VII-7-15 (E. P. Van Duzee, CIS). late, USNM) . TULARE CO.: Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, 1 106 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey Anthowia geldria Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus., 4: 940. Phcwn&z inepta Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 10. Type: sex not indicated, Holstein (location unknown). Geographic range.--Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, California, Connecticut, Idaho, Manitoba, Maine, Michigan, Montana, North Carolina, Northwest Territories. New York, Newfoundland, Ontario, Ore- gon, Quebec, South Carolina, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming. Catifornia records.--DEL NORTE CO. : Crescent City, 1 $, VII-1-51 (M. F. McClay, UCD). Patrick Creek, 1 $, XI-14-59 (E. L. Kessel, CAS). EL DORA- DO CO.: Black Bird Camp 1 d, V-27-51 (H. L. McKen- eie, CDA). Strawberry, 1 d, X-17-53 (L. E. Campos, UCD). HUMBOLDT CO.: Orick, 1 d, VI-21-35 (A. L. Melander, USNM). Prairie Creek, 1 d, VII-3-54 (UCD). Willow Creek, 1 9, VI-20-67, (R. E. Doty, BVC). MARIN CO.: Mill Valley, 2 d, IV-21-26 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS) ; 1 9, XI-16-52 (H. B. Leech, CAS). Ross, 1 2, V-20-53 (H. L. Mathis, UCD). MENDOCINO CO.: Piercy, 1 d, VII-26-55 (W. C. Bentinck, CIS). Ryan Creek, 1 $, VI-1-52 (R. Craig, CIS). MO?4TEREEP CO.: Camel, 1 2, VI-29-21 (L. S. Slevin, CAS). NAPA L_ - - 8. . CO.: Nt. St. Helena, 1 0, V-12-26 (M. C. Van Duzee, Map 61. California distribution of Lasiops dinphunus CAS). PLACER CO.: Sugar Bowl Lodge, 1 d, VII-26- (CAS). SAN MATE0 CO. : Memorial Park, VI1 (Weidemann). 51 1 d, -19-64 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). Portola State Park, 1 6, V-7-50 (F. X. Williams, CAS). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Aptos Creek, 1 6, V-13-61 (C. Slobodchikoff, CIS). Ben Lomond, 1 $, V-17-31 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS). 0, VIII-20-17 (J. C. Bradley, HCH). Siberian Out- Brookdale, 1 d, 1 0, V-1-53 (A. E. Gray). SONOMA post, 9,500 ft. 1 $, VII-31-15 (Ha). TUOLUMNE CO.: CO.: Mesa Grande, 1 d, VII-11-08 (F. E. Blaisdell, Tilden, Yosemite National Park, 1 2, VII-30-38 (CIS). CAS). TRINITY CO.: Eagle Creek, 1 6, VI-2-51 (A. Tuolme Meadows, Soda Springs, 8,600 ft. 1 d, 6 0, T. McClay, UCD). TULARE CO.: Giant Forest, Sequoia VIII-8-16 (G. R. Pilate, USNM). Tuolumae Meadows, 1 National Park, 1 d, VIII-22-17 (J. C. Bradley, CU). d, 1 9, VIII-15-16 (G. R. Pilate, USNM). A. diaphanus may readily be recognised by the The male of L. septentrionazis has spines on fulvous thorax, palpi, and legs (exclusive of the fore tibia arranged in 2 series, of which 2 spines tarsi), The abdomen also is entirely or extensive- are on the posterior surface and 2 or 3 on the pos- ly fulvous. The hind tibia of the male has a pro- teroventral. The male of L. spiniger* usually has 2 nounced strong apical thorn on the ventral surface, spines on the posterior surface of the fore tibia and the mid tibia in both sexes has one or more and 1 on the posteroventral. posteroventral bristles. The female type of Phao- nia inepta Stein I regard as an aberrant specimen Subgenus 1oeost.ylus Schnabl A1 of L. diaphanus, having a mid posteroventral bris- AZZoeostylus Schnabl, 1888, Entomol. Nachr., 14: 49. tle on only one of the two mid tibiae, and a single Type-species : Schnabl, AZZoeostyhs sudeticus hair on the caudal surface of only one of the two monobasic. hind coxae, vestiges that indicate the specimen's re- Lasiops (A1 loeostylus) diaphanus (Wiedemann) lationship. (Map 61) Anthomyia diaphana Wiedemann, 1817, 2001. Mag., 1: 81. Genus PlexSopsis Huckett Anthomyia signia Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus., PZexiopsis Huckett, 1966, Psoc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4: 939. ser. 4 34: 295. Ruckett: The Muscidae of California 107 Type-species : Ple3ciopsiS inso~ensHuckett , mono- the paraf rontal series continued caudad as upright basic. bristles to a level with the apex of the frontal Related to Dendrophaonia Malloch, from which triangle. So far as is known adults are commonly PZegopsis may be separated by the robust apical seen alighting on tree trunks, and larvae have posteroventral bristle on the hind tibia, the absence been obtained from decayed parts of or in of a stout upturned buccal bristle, and in the female the debris from birds' nests. in being without an anterior pair of proclinate para- KEY TO SPECIES OF DENDROPWNIA IN CALIFORNIA orbital bristles. From DiaZyta Rondani* the genus Male with a spinelike bristle near the mid- differs in having hairs on the eyes and prealar bris- dle of the ventral surface of hind femur; tles on the mesonotum. The antennae are not set female with a dorsocentral stripe on ab- domen querceti (Bouch;) high on the head in relation to the eyes...... Male without a spinelike bristle near the middle of the ventral surface of Plexiopsis insolens Huckett hind femur; female without a dorso- P1egopsi.s insolens Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Acad. central stripe an abdomen ...... Sci., ser. 4 34: 295-296. scabra (Giglio-Tos) Holotype: d, Elkhorn Ferry, Yo10 County, Cali- fornia (UCD). Dendrophaonia querceti (Bouchg) Geographic rcmge.--California, Oregon. Anthomyia querceti Bouchi'e , 1834, Naturgeschichte CaZiforn&z records.--MARLN CO.: Lagunitas, 1 0, der Insekten, besanders in Hinsicht ihre ersten IV-26-24 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). MDOC CO. : Cedar Zcstande als Larven und Puppen, p. 82. Pass, 1 d, VII-8-46 (P. D. Hurd, R. F. Smith, CIS); 1 d, VI-29-55 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS). SACRAMEW.0 CO. : Types: d $?, probably Berlin, bred from decay- Elk Grove, 1 8, IV-18-52 (E. C. Carlson, UCD). YOLO ed oak-wood (location unknown). CO.: Davis, 1 d, V-5-53 (E. C. Carlson, Urn). Elk- Geographic -e.--Alberta, California, Colo- horn Ferry, 2 d, 1 $!, IV-16-52, type series (E. I. rado, Georgia, Illinois, Manitoba, Maryland, Maine, Schlinger , UCD) . Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New The species P. insozens has a robust apical pos- York, Quebec, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin. teroventral bristle on the hind tibia, the eyes Cazifornia records.--CONTRA COSTA CO. : Danville, 2 d, 1-15-17-52, 7 $, 1-20-30-52, 1 d, 2 $, II-2-3- sparsely haired, the frons in the male moderately 52, all ex ground nest debris of VespuZa pennsyl- broad and bristled as in the female, the cruciate vmica (P. X. Williams, CAS). LAKE CO.: Soda Bay, 1 d, VII-25-58, at light trap (R. E. Dolphin, UCR). bristles absent in both sexes. The female is with- NEVADA CO.: Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mills, 1 0, out an anterior pair of proclinate paraorbital bris- VII-15-64, in malaise trap (M. E. Irwin, UCR). PLUMAS CO.: 8 mi. NW. of Chester, 10, VIII-18-56 tles, and has the abdomen entirely black, glossy and (E. E. Lindquist, CIS). TUOLUMNE CO.: Strawberry, without marking. 1 $, VI-19-51 (A. T. McClay, UCD) . The male of D. querceti has a strong spinelike Genus Dendrophaonia Mall och posteroventral bristle near the middle of hind fe- Dendrophaaia Malloch, 1923, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 48: 237. mur, which is absent in males of D. scabra and D. Type-species: Spibgaster hilariformis Stein, marguerita Snyder*. In D. scabra and D. quereeti original designation, (ESpiZogaster sdm Giglio- the arista1 hairs are longer, being as long as half Tos, 1893). The genus Dendmphaonia has a distinctive pos- the width of third antennal segment, and in the terodorsal bristle on the hind tibia, the calcar, males the caudal pair of bristles on the parafron- proximad of which may be one or two much shorter tals is stronger than in D. margueAta*. The fe- posterodorsal bristles. The genus may be separat- male of D. quercsti differs from that of D. scabra ed from Phaonia and its relatives by the presence in having a median marking on the abdomen. of one or two stout upcurved bristles on the buc- Larvae of D. querceti have been bred from a cal margin of cheeks, and in the female by the wide variety of media, decayed wood of oak, canker- presence of a strong proclinate pair of anterior ous wounds of elm, the powdered remains of pear, paraorbital bristles. Males of Dendrophmnia have from horae dung and the excrement of humans, from nests of hornets, bats, and numerous speries of acrerised as possessing a single posterodorsal bris- birds, including hawks, owl, chickadees, and star- tle, exclusive of preapical, qn the distal half of I ling (Hennig, 1962: 753). hind tibia, as is present in DiaZyta and PZerCiopsis. Dendrophaonia scabra (Giglio-Tos) In P. ddeta there may or may not be more than one strong posterodorsal bristle on the distal half of Spitogaster scabpa Giglio-Tos, 1893, [Turin Univ.] Boll. Mus. 2001. Anat. Coup., 8 (147): 9. the hind tibia. The head in Phaonia is without a strong upturned bristle on the ventral margin of SPiZogakr hilarifomris Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. z., (1897) 42: 196. the buccal region of cheek and is without a well- Syntypes: do" $9, Mexico (2001. Mus., Turin) developed anterior pair of proclinate paraorbital teste Snyder. bristles in the female, as are present in Dendm- Geographic me.--Occurs in Mexico, along the Wing vein M. 1+2 is not conspicuously cur- Gulf coast from Texas to Florida and inland in Okla- phaonia. homa and Tennessee, thence northward on the Atlantic ved forward near wing margin as is distinctly so coast from Georgia to Connecticut, and from the in The anterior intraalar bristle is southern states bordering the Great Lakes; in the Bigotonryia. west occurring in Missouri and Colorado, and on the in an alignment transversally with the supraalar Pacific coast from California to Washington. bristle or cephalad of it, as distinct from Mas- California records.-ALAMmA CO.: Albany, 3 0, eina (fig. 11). V-15-62 (Re Doty, BVC) . FRESNO CO. : Fresno, 8 6, X-13-22, 1 $¶ X-17-22, 2 ?, X-28-22, 1 0, XI-24-22 Adults of Phaonia frequent flowers of many wood- (M. E. Phillips, HCH). LOS ANGELES CO.: Angeles, Los land and alpine plants including catkins of willow, 1 ?, VILI-19-16 (V. Duran, HCH). Los Angeles County, I d, 111-17-34 (UCLA). SACRAMEWTO CO.: Fair the sap and trunks of trees, and the forest floor 3 XII-17-37, XII-31-37, beet Oaks, 6, 3 9, 1 6, ex and undergrowth. Females of certain species have pulp (Spurlock, CDA) . SAN BEWARDINO CO. : Fontana, 1 d, 1-8-53 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). SAN DLEGO CO.: been seen to seek moist beds of moss as if for pur- La Jolla, 1 XII-29-34 (A. L. Melander, 6, USNM). poses of ovi- or laviposition. TULARE CO.: Portenrille, 1 6, 1 $, IX-13-63 (J. D. Walsh, BVC). Visalia, 2 d, V-29-62 (D. Womeldorf, Little is known of larval habits. What few lar- BVC). TUOLUMNE CO.: Lyons Dam, 1 d, VILI-7-37 (M. vae have been observed or studied are recorded as A. Cazier, AM"). predaceous on larvae of other insects inhabiting The species D. seabra varies considerably in the the same media (Keilin, 1917: 362-388; Malloch, color of the legs, from blackish to reddish or ful- 1923: 253, 267; Hall, 1937: 216; Se'guy, 1937: 329). vous, in part or entirely. Normally there are 3 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles present. Subgenus Phaonia Robineau-Desvoi dy The male of seabra is without a strong postero- D. KEYS TO SPECIES OF PHAONIA IN CALIFORNIA ventral bristle on the hind femur, such as is present Males 1. Thorax, abdomen and legs black, hypop- in males of D. quereeti, and the female of D. seabra leura usually with hairs on upper bor- der...... 2 has a dull pale gray abdomen, without a median stripe. Tibiae partly or entirely reddish, Malloch (1923: 238) reared the species from a much brownish or fulvous, if darker the hypopleura usually without hairs decayed tree stump, and gives a brief description of on upper border ...... 4 the puparium. 2. Mesonotum with 1 or mre pairs of pre- sutural acrostical bristles, fore ti- Genus Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy bia with ventral setulae fine and shorter than maximum diameter of tibia . 3 Phaaia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, [Paris] Inst. de Mesonotum with presutural acrostical bris- France, [Cl. des] Sci. Math. et Phys., Acad. Roy. tles absent or setulose, fore tibia des Sei., &m. prgsentks par divers Savans [ser. with 1 or more stiffish setae on ven- 21, 2: 482. tral surface, longer than maximum Type-species: Phaonia viarum Robineau-Des- width of tibia ...... rugia (Walker) voidy, designation Coquillett 1901, = Musca er- 3. Margins of calyptrae dark brown, usual- ratica Fall& not Linnaeus. ly 4 pairs of postsutural dorsocen- tralbristles present ...... The genus Phaonia, as is represented in Cali- caerutescens (Stein) fornia and except for P. &zeta (Stein), is char- Margins of calyptrae yellowish, usually Huekett: The Muscidae of California 109 3 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral Hind tibia without a series of long pos- bristles present ... VersicoZor Stein* teroventral bristles, hind femur other- 4. Thorax largely or entirely yellow or wise bristled ...... 13 fulvous, coxae, femora and tibiae en- 13. Eyes bare or nearly so, 3 pairs of post- tirely ...... 5 sutural dorsocentral bristles, inter- Thorax mainly grayish, brownish or black- frontalia throughout as wide as breadth ish..,.,...... 8 of third antennal segment ...... 5. Palpi fuscous, third antennal segment co&ti?anis Huckett entirely grayish brown or fuscous . . Eyes hairy, 4 pairs of postsutural dor- nigricuuda Malloch socentral bristles, interfrontalia Palpi mainly yellow, third antennal seg- obscured at middle or narrower than ment not entirely grayish brown ... 6 width of third antennal segment ... 14 6. Aristal hairs as long or longer than 14. Palpi fulvous, third antennal segment width of third antennal segment, para- yellowish basad ...... 15 frontals contiguous caudad, shortest Palpi fuscous, third antennal segment distance between eyes scarcely exceed- entirely blackish ...... 16 B ing diameter of anterior ocellus . . 15. Hind femur with posteroventral bris- f. fusc~cauhMalloch tles, fore metatarsus with short in- Aristal hairs slightly shorter than conspicuous posteroventral sensory width of third antennal segment, short- hairs, excepting those at base ... est distance between eyes not less than quieta Stein distance between posterior ocelli in- Hind femur without posteroventral bris- clusive...... 7 tles, fore metatarsus with 1 or 2 long t 7. Interfrontalia and occiput yellowish, fine posteroventral sensory hairs in pallid...... pattidosa Huckett addition to any at base . . perf<& Stein Interfrontalia reddish or ochreousa some- 16. Fore femur partly or entirely fulvous, times darker caudad, occiput partly mid and hind femora entirely fulvous . grayish black ...... ftava Stein erras (Meigen) 8. Hind tibia with the calcar bristle weak, Fore femur largely blackish and mid fe- not longer than width of tibia where mur partly to entirely so ...... situated ...... 9 errans var. Zuteva (Walker) Hind tibia with the calcar bristle ro- 17. Head, thorax, abdomen and legs entirely bust, longer than width of tibia where black except the hind tibiae and ex- situated...... 11 treme apices of femora, which are red- 9, Third antennal segment longer than pal- dish brawn ...... reversa Huckett pus, aristal hairs scarcely longer Nales without the foregoing combination than basal diameter of arista .... of characters ...... 18 antennaZb Huckett 18. Interfrontalia throughout as wide or < Third antennal segment not longer than wider than breadth of third antennal palpus, aristal hairs as long or long- segment, parafrontal bristles well de- er than half width of third antennal veloped caudad to a level near or oppo- segment...... 10 site the anterior ocellus ...... 19 10. Hind femur with a comblike series of Interfrontalia obscured or narrower at coarse posteroventral setulae on dis- middle than width of third antennal seg- tal third, mesonotum with 2 pairs of ment, parafrontal bristles discontinued robust presutural acrostical bristles, before reaching a level near anterior frons with .brownish sheen ..... ocellus, or are much weaker caudad . . 21 sobriana Huckett 19. Palpi fulvous, third antennal segment ful- Hind femur with slender posteroventral vous basad ...... 20 setulae on distal third, mesonotum Palpi fuscous apicad, third antennal seg- with 3 pairs of slender weak presutural ment entirely blackish. ZimbinerVis Stein acrostical bristles, frons with whitish 20. Mid and hind femora partly blackish . . sheen ...... rectusa Huckett texensis texensis Malloch 11. Mesonotum with well developed presutural Mid and hind femora fulvous ...... acrosticalbristles ...... 17 texensis fi?auofemomta Malloch Mesonotum with presutural acrostical bris- 21. Scutellum blackish, concolorous with tles absent or fine and slender, setu- mesonotm ...... 22 lose...... 12 Scutellum partly or largely yellowish or 12. Hind tibia with a series of long slender fulvous ...... 24 posteroventral bristles, hind femur 22. Mid and hind femora mainly blackish or with a few ventral bristles near middle fuscous, cross-veins clouded, hypopleura of femur adjacent the anteroventrals, with a few hairs cephalad of spiracle . with a series of much weaker postero- brevispina Malloch ventrals on distal half, bristleless Mid and hind femora mainly fulvous, cross- proximad on anteroventral and postero- veins clear, hypopleura without hairs ventral surfaces .....deteta (Stein) cephalad of spiracle ...... 23 23. Thorax and abdomen black, prealar bristle tles absent or setulose ...... 9 weak, short or absent . panriceps hilo& 9. Third antennal segment yellowish basad . 10 Thorax and abdomen brownish or grayish, Third antennal segment entirely blackish. 13 ! prealar bristle moderately lengthy . 10. Hind femur with posteroventral bristles reflecta Huckett on proximal half, fore metatarsus with 24 . Posterior notopleural bristle with hairs short close-cropped posteroventral sen- at base, interfrontalia linear and unin- sory hairs ...... 11 terrupted caudad, separating the parafron- Hind femur without posteroventral bristles, tals, hypopleura with one or more hairs fore metatarsus with 1 or 2 long and near anteroventral margin of spiracle . conspicuous posteroventral sensory hairs . striata (Stein) pepfida Stein Posterior notopleural bristle without 11. Palpi fuscous, scutellum concolorous hairs at base, interfrontalia largely with mesonotum, 3 pairs of postsutural obliterated by the contiguous parafron- dorsocentral bristles usually present . tals, hypopleura usually without hairs . wr-ktlanis Huckett neglecta Huckett Palpi fulvous, scutellum fulvous or red- dish, 4 pairs of postsutural dorsocen- Females tral bristles usually present .... 12 1. Thorax, abdomen and legs black, hypopleura 12. Fore tibia with a mid posteroventral bris- usually with hairs on upper border . . 2 tle, mid tibia with an anterodorsal, Tibiae partly or entirely reddish, brown- hind tibia usually with a posterodorsal ish or fulvous, if darker or blackish bristle proximad of calcar, node or the hypopleura usually without hairs on base of vein R.4+5 without setulae on upper border ...... 4 under surface ...... deletu (Stein) 2. Presutural acrostical bristles present, Fore, mid and hind tibiae without the fore tibia with evenly fine setulae on respective bristles as above, node ventral surface, shorter than maximum and/or base of vein R.k.5 with 1 or width of tibia ...... 3 more setulae on under surface.qu Cazifornia records.--MONTEREY CO.: Bradley, 3 I.-_, $, V-17-20 (E, P. Van Duzee, CAS). Bryson, 1 d, V- -__-~ 17-20, type (E, P. Van Duzee, CAS). RIVERSIDE CO. : Map 62. California distribution of Phaonia caeruZescens Upper Deep Canyon at Horsethief Creek, 3,400 ft. 1 (Stein). d, VI-11-65 (E. I. Schlinger, UCR). SAW BERNARDINO CO.: Redlands, 1 6, XII-14- (CAS). The species P. antennalis is related to P. har- cross-vein. ti Malloch* and associated species, in which the meso- Phaonia (Phaonia) caerulescens (Stein) notum has well-developed presutural acrostic& bris- (Map 62) tles, and from these P. antemzis differs in the AAcia caerdescens Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. long antennae and minutely haired arista. In the Z., (1897) 42: 187. type series of the calcar bristle on P. antennalh Holotype: 0, Moscow, Idaho (FM"). hind tibia is scarcely longer than the width of ti- Geographic IlcaZge.--Alberta, California, Idaho, bia where situated. In the male specimen from Up- Oregon, Utah, Washington. per Deep Canyon the eyes are distinctly haired. CaZifornia recorda (map 62).--This species shows a restricted range in California, associated with Tran- --Phaonia (Phaonia) brevispina Malloch sition Zone situations, extending from the central coast to moderate elevations in the foothills of the Phmia brevispina Malloch, 1923, Trans. Entomol. Am. Sierra Nevada (3,000-4,000 feet), and the canyons on SOC. 48: 269. , the east side of the Peninsular Ranges in Riverside Holotype: 6, Urbana, Illinois (111"s). and San Diego counties. Geographic range.--California, Connecticut, P. caeruZescens is one of the few muscids in Ca- Idaho, Illinois, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, Penn- lifornia which fly only during spring. The flies sylvania, Virginia, Washington. have been recorded from late January to May and are CaZifomia records.--SANTA CLARA CO.: Palo Alto, commonly collected in February and March in the Sm Francisco Bay area; adults have been taken only dur- 1 0, VII-23-56 (BVC). TUOLUMNE CO.: Pinecrest, 1 ?, 111-21-57 (H. Ruckes, CIS). ing February and March in southern California (often at 3,000 feet in February), and from April to June in The species P. brevispina may be linked to P. the Sierra Nevada and northward. sobriana and P. harti Malloch*. From P. sobriana As with many early spring insects, P. caemte6- it may be separated by the stronger calcar bristle cens is disproportionately selected by collectors, on hind tibia and the more evenly infuscated m-cu having been recorded from about 50 localities in 112 BulZefn of the California Imect Survey 20 counties despite its flight season, The robust species P. caerukmzm has legs en- tirely black and the hypopleura usually with hairs on upper border. Adults may readily be recognized by the dark brown margins to the calyptrae. --Phaonia (Phaonia) coriatlanis Huckett Phaonia codatZanis Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4 34 (3): 297. HcLotype: d, Cuyamaca Lake, San Diego County, California (CNC). Geographic range. --California. CaZifornia records.--LOS ANGELES CO.: Alpine Inn, Mt. Lowe, 5,000 ft. 1 2, VI-12-24 (3. M. Ald- rich, USNM). MONO CO.: Leavitt Meadows, 7,200 ft. 1 2, VIII-13-63 variant, at flight trap (H. B. Leech, CAS). SAN BERNARIIINO CO.: Mt. Home Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, 1 0, VI-8-24 (J. M. Ald- rich, USNM) . SAN DIEGO CO. : Cuyamaca Lake, 1 d, IV-21-55, type (W. R. M. Mason, CNC). SAN MATE0 CO.: San Bruno Mountains, 2 d, 111-19-20-63 (P. H. Ar- naud, CAS). P. coriatknis has the eyes bare or nearly so, the presutural acrosticals fine and setulose, 3 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles. The Map 63. California distribution of Phaon?h erram (Meigen), including the varieGy ~UtElU(Walker). male has the interfrontalia uninterrupted and well maintained caudad, and in both sexes the scutellum ventral bristles on hind femur opposite the pro- concolorous with the mesonotum and the palpi fus- of ximal bristles in the anteroventral series. The cous. The third antennal segment is usually red- hind tibia in both sexes may or may not have more dish basad, though there is little evidence of than one well developed posterodorsal bristle. this in the type specimen. Phaonia (Phaonia) errans (Meigen) Phaonia (Phaonia) deleta (Stein) --_I_ hicia &Zeta Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., (Map 63) (1897) 42: 178. Anthomyia emarm Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr., 5: 112. Syntypes: d 2, Algonquin, Illinois (FMNII); Bucks County, Pennsylvania (MCZ). Phaonia emm oampZetu Malloch, 1923, Trans. Am. Geographic range.--California, Connecticut, Entomol. SOC., 48: 258. Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Type: 2, locality not stated (M" Paris). New Hampshire, Northwest Territories, New York, range.-Widely distributed Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Texas, Vermont, Geographic in tem- Wisconsin. perate and boreal regions of North America, reach- ing as far north as central Alaska and Mackenzie CaZiforvlia moord.--MENDOCIN0 CO. : Willits, River Delta, the provinces from British Columbia 1 6, W-30-55 (J. C. Damey, UCD). eastward to central Quebec, Labrador and the New P. deleta and P. quieta both have in common England states, thence southward as far as New Jer- sey and Ohio in the east, Colorado, and New Mexico the palpi and basal region of third antennal seg- in the Rocky Mountain states, Washington, Oregon ment fulvous, the scutellum partly or nmstly red- and California in the west. California reuords (map 63).--Phaonia errans dish or fulvous, and pairs of postsutural dorso- 4 is widespread but poorly recorded in the State, central bristles. The male of P. deletu is nota- occurring in Transition and Upper Sonoran Zone areas along the coast, in the Central Valley and in ble for a series of long slender posteroventral the mountains to moderate elevations. The adults bristles on the hind tibia, and for the presence are active from February to October in the central Huckett: The Musc&&e of California 113 coastal area and have been collected in November in San Diego, but records are too scattered to define the voltinism accurately. In the Sierra Nevada, where the species ranges up to about 6,500 feet, collections are from May to August. Adults have been taken at fermented SYN~ bait at Davis and at flowers of Aretostaphyzos, Pmazus, and Sale in the Sierran foothills during the spring. The species P. em8has haired eyes and 4 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles, acros- ticals setulose, and differs from its nearest rela- tives in having the third antennal segment entirely blackish and palpi fuscous. Typical P. erram has the fore femora partly blackish to entirely fulvous and mid and hind pairs mainly fulvous or entirely SO. ---Phaonia (Phaonia) errans var. luteva (Walker) (Map 63) Anthomyia lutava Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus., 4: 934. Hyetodesia v&pes Coquillett, 1900, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 2:441. Type: 9, Nova Scotia (BMNH). Map 64. California distribution of Phaonia ftava Stein. Geographic range.--Alaska, California, Connec- ticut, Michigan, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Wash- ington. 1 mi. SE., 1 d, 1 0, V-30-58 (J. A. Chemsak, CIS). Mill Valley, 1 $, V-23-53 L. Mathis, UCD). No- California records (map 63).--This form occurs (H. vato, 1 VI-3-63 (D. C. Rentz, MONTEREY along with the typical morph, at various times of d, CAS). Big Sur, 1 $, IX-5-45 (A. L. Melander, USNM). the year. 0.: The two forms have been recorded from Redwood Gulch, near Salmon Creek, VIII-7-62 about 40 localities in 24 counties, with P. luuteva lo, (UCR). SAN MATE0 CO.: Corte de Madera Creek, near accounting for about two-thirds of the records. Portola, 19, X-28-53 (P. E. Arnaud, CAS). SANTA The variety P. luteva differs from typical P. CLARA CO.: Palo Alto, 19, IV-29-06, type series (ZMUB) ; 1 VI-3-15 C. Van Duzee, Stan- emsin having the fore femora largely blackish 6, (M. USNM) . ford University, 2 ?, X-21-05, type series (ZMUB; and mid and hind femora partly to entirely so. USNM). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Capitola, 1 $, VI-7-12-40 (M. T. and 8. B. James, USNM). SHASTA CO.: Moose ---Phaonia (Phaonia) flava Stein Camp, 1 d, VI-19-54, variant (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). TRINITY CO.: Coffee Creek Ranger Station, (Map 64) 1 9, VII-14-55 (J. R. Jessen, UCD). Phaonh fZava Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., (1918) As stated by Malloch (1923: 274) Stein's re- Abt. A 84 (9): 6. cords under P. fbarepresent a mixed series of Syntypes: 60' $9, Friday Harbor, Guemes Island, Bellingham, and Lynden, Washington (ZMUB) . at least two species, namely P. ftata and P. nigri- Lectotype : 6, Friday Harbor, Washington, V-28- cauda Malloch. The following records of Stein I 06 (ZNUB). have credited to P. nG&?auda, Blue Lake, Felton, Geographic range.--British Columbia, California, Mesa Grande, Santa Cruz. I have not seen the syn- Oregon, Washington. types from Guemes Island. The localities Stanford California records.--ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley, 1 d, IV-29-34 (CAS); 1 6, V-20-41 (T. Aitken, CAS). University, Palo Alto, Friday Harbor, Bellingham, DEL NORTE CO.: Gasquet, 1 $, IX-18-34 (A. L. Me- and Lynden belong to P. flava. lander, USNM). Patrick Creek, 1 $, XI-14-59 (E. L. Kessel, CAS), "MBOLDT CO.: Dyerville, 1 0, The frons of the male in P. fzava apparently VI-20-35 (A. L. Melander, USNM). MARIN CO.: Fair- varies considerably in width, the interfrontalia fax, 1 $, VI-3-53, 1 $, 1 ?, VI-11-53, 2 ?, VI-15- 53, 2 d, VI-22-53 (H. L. Mathis, UCD). Inverness, being mainly exposed to largely obscured. The male 114 &Lletin of the California Insect Survey (C. H. and D. Martin, Ha). MARIN CO.: Lagunitas, 1 d, IV-28-40 (E. S. Ross, CAS). Paradise Cove, 1 0, VII-14-46 (E. L. Kessel, CAS). MeNWCINO CO.: Ash Creek, U. S. Highway 101, 3 6, VI-29-51 (W. C. Bentinck, CIS). 5 mi. E. of Hopland, 1 d, 2 0, V-28-50 (L. W. Quate, CIS). Lierly's, 19, IX-21- 19 (J. MacElliard, CAS). NAPA CO.: Mt. St. Helena, 3 0, VII-28-40 (B. Brookman, CAS). 8 mi. NW of Napa, 1 d, V-17-58 (R. Augustine, CIS). Samuel Springs, 1 d, 2 0, V-30-53 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). RIVERSIDE CO.: Strawberry Creek at Highway 79, 1 9, VII-29-64 (M. E. Irwin, UCR). SACRAMENTO CO.: Sacramento, 1 0, IV-20-59 (C. H. Laton, UCD). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Crestline, 1 0, VII-4-42 (A. L. Melander, USNM). SAN MATE0 CO.: Belmont, 1 0, VII-15-61 (R. 0. Schuster, UCD). SANTA CLARA CO.: Alum Rock Park, 1 d, 2 0, VII-14-62 (J. M. Ross, BVC). Palo Alto, 1 d, 1 0, V-21-37 (T. G. H. Ait- ken, CAS). Stevens Creek, 2 d, 6 0, VII-23-40 (B. Brookman, CAS). SOLAN0 GO. : Green Valley, 1 6, VI-19-53 (E. I. Schlinger, UCD). Solano County, 1 d, VI-9-33 (CAS). TULARE CO.: Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, 2 0, VIII-22-17 (R. C. Shannon, Ha). The reddish yellow species P. fusc specimen from Shasta County has the third antennal Phaonia (Phaonia) limbinervis Stein segment entirely yellow, and not partly so as in (Fig. 34; map 66) other specimens. Phaonk Zimbinsds Stein, 1918, Budapest Magyar Phaonia (Phaonia) fuscicauda Malloch Nemzeti Muz., Ann. Hist. Nat. 16: 208. (Map 65.) Holotype: d, Oaxaca, Mexico (Bezzi Coll., Turin) teste Stein. Phaoniu fus&cauda Malloch, 1918, Trans. Am, Ento- mol. SOC., 44: 269. &ographic range.--Arizona, California, New Mexico, Oregon, also Mexico. Phaonia fus&nervis Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 7. Cutifomia records (map 66) .--Phaonia Zimbiner- vis displays an unusual distribution in California, Holotype: d, Berkeley Hills, California (ANSF). ranging along coastal Transition and Upper Sonoran Geographic range. --California, Oregon, Washing- Zone areas, with intrusions into the Sacramento ton. Valley and canyons at the edge of the Colorado Desert (Palm Desert, Borrego). A single specimen CaZifomia recozds.--ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley record in Del Norte County (Gasquet, IX-18-34) is Hills, 1 d, IV-20-08, type (ANSP). Berkeley Hills. anomalous €or this southwestern Nearctic species. Tilden Park, 1 0, VIII-2-58 (J. R. Powers, CIS). The adults probably are active throughout the year, Brooklyn, 1 d, VII-11 (Osten Saken, USNM). CONTRA possibly in association with man's activities. COSTA CO.: Orinda, 1 d, V-23-54 (It. H. Goodwin, There are records for every month except January CIS). FRESNO CO.: Pinehurst, 1 d, 1 0, VI-5-23 in the San Francisco Bay area, and for January at (M. E. Phillips, USNM). IflTMBOLDT GO.: Dyerville, Davis, and for every month except December in south- 1 9, VI-20-35 (A. L. Melander, USruM). LAKE CO.: ern California. Anderson Springs, 1 9, VII-22-51 (W. R. Bauer, CIS). CAche Creek, Lwer Lake, 3 d, V-10-26 (M. C. Van Adults have been taken at baits and garbage and Dyke, CAS). North Pork Cache Creek, Highway 20, 4 have been teared from drying rotten pear peelings d, 1 0, IV-30-54 (R. C. Bechtel, UCD), 2 d, 2 0, at Mill Valley and from pear leaves in Sacramento V-14-61 (M. E. Irwin, UCD), 8 d, 1 9, V-17-61 (F. County among material examined for the present D. Parker, UCD), 1 d, V-19-61 (J. S. Buckett, UCD). survey. The flies were recorded from about 40 LOS ANGELES CO.: Monrovia Canyon, 1 9, VII-26-31 localities in 15 counties. Huckett: %e Muscidae of California 115 Mkp 66. California distribution of Phaonia Zimbinervis Stein. The species P. Zimbine&s is allied to P. tex- $, VZI-28-29, type (P. W. Oman, HCH). ensis, the males having the interfrontalia moderate- The species P. negtecta is allied to P. striata, ly broad throughout, and the parafrontal bristles both having presutural acrostical bristles on the nearly evenly developed and in series to opposite mesonotum and the scutellum partly reddish or ful- the ocellar triangle. In both sexes the mesonotum vous. P. neglecta differs from P. sf;riata in the has well developed presutural acrostical bristles absence of hairs at the base of the posterior noto- and the abdomen with paired brownish spots on one pleural bristle, and in the male by the interrupted or more of the terga. P. Zimbineds differs from interfrontalia. P. texensis in having the third antennal segment Phaonia (Phaonia) nigricauda Malloch entirely blackish, and the palpi fuscous on dis- -- (Map tal half. 67) Phaonia nigrimda Malloch, 1918, Trans. Am. Ento- Phaonia (Phaonia) neglecta Huckett mol. SOC., 44: 268. Phaonia neglecta Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Acad. Pkaonia fZava Stein p. p. 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., Sci., ser. 4 34: 299. (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 6. Holotype: a‘, Giant Forest, Sequoia National Holotype: 6, Redwood Canyon, Marin County, Park, California (HCH). California (ANSP) . Geographic range.--Alberta, California, Colo- Ceogrrrph.ic rcmge.--California. rado, Oregon, Washington. California records (map 6 7).--This species oc- California records.--ELDORADO GO.: Echo, 1 p, cupies a narrow Vancouveran Province range along VIII-10-40 (L. J. Lipovsky, HCH). LOS ANGELES CO.: the coastal Transition Zone from the Oregon border Big Pines, 12, VI-29-48 (A. L. Melander, USNM). to Kirk Creek in southern Monterey County. Most NEVADA CO.: Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mills, 1 collections have been made in redwood canyons, 0, VII-15-64, in malaise trap (M. E. Irwin, UCR). while others are from similar, mesic habitats. The TULARE CO.: Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, 1 flight period encompasses April to October, but - is.,, I, 8."- __ 1 ," Map 68. California distribution of Phaonio palZidosa Huckett. Map 69. California distribution of Phamia parvCeeps Malloch. there are few records from any one area. 1 0, VI-19-45 (A. L. Melander, USNM). Upper Santa Ana River, 1 d, VII-16-46, 1 $, VIII-17-46 (J. L. The survey recorded specimens from about 40 Sperry, USNM), 1 0, VII-13-50 (A. L. Melander, US- localities in 12 counties. NM). Upper Santa Ana River, Lost Creek, 1 6, VII- The species P. nigrzkauda differs from its al- 16-46 (J. L. Sperry, USNM). SHASTA CO.: (No loca- lity) l $, VI-26-31 (J. A. Kusche, CAS). TULARE lies P. paZZidosa and P. fZava by having the third CO.: Camp Nelson, 10, VI-24-50 (L. W. Quate, antennal segment largely to entirely grayish brown CIS). TUOLUMNE CO.: Pinecrest, 1 d, VIPI-4-48 (P. D. Hurd, J. W. MacSwain, CIS). Yosemite, 3,880- or fuscous and the palpi typically brownish. 4,000 ft. 1 6, VI-8-31 (F. R. Platt, CAS). --Phaonia (Phaonia) pall idosa Huckett The yellow species P. paZZidosa (= pallida (Map 68) Stein) possesses the appearance of a DiaZyta* in the DiaZyta paZZida Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., conformation of the head and in the absence of a (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 22. name preoc. Fabri- prealar bristle. From P. fZava and P. nigricauda cius 1794. the species differs in having the entire head and Phaonia paZZidosa Huckett, 1965, Catal. Dipt. N. Am., U.S. Dep. Agr. Handb. 276, p. 907. appendages mainly yellow, the third antennal seg- Type: d, Juliaetta, Idaho (ZMUB). ment occasionally being slightly tinged. Geographic range.--British Columbia, California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington. CaZifornia records.--a DORAW CO.: 3 mi. S. --Phaonia (Phaonia) parviceps Malloch of Camino, 1 d. 3 0, VI-23-48 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS). (Fig. 11; map 69) Fallen Leaf Lake, 12, VIII-1931 (0. H. Swezey, CAS). MARIPOSA CO.: Mirror Lake, 4,096 ft. 3 d, Phaonia parviceps MaLloch, 1918, Trans. Am. Ento- 1 0, V-20-31 (E. 0. Essig, CIS). Yosemite, 2 d, mol. SOC., 44: 267. VI-10-35 , 3 d, 2 9, VI-14-35 (A. L. Melander, USNM) . Phaonia caesia Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch. , MONO CO.: Mono Lake, 2 $, VII-23-11 (USNM). SAN (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 4. BERNARDINO CO.: Crestline, 1 d, VI-4-47 (A. L. Melander. USNM) . Oak Glen. 1 d. 1 2, VII-2-45 (A. Holotype: 9, Yosemite Valley, California L. Melander, UhM), Santa-Ana River; South Forks, (ANSP) . Huckett: The ikfuscidae of CaZifornia 117 Geographic range.--California, Oregon. Brown, CAS). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Loma Prieta, 1 0. California records (map 69).--This species oc- VIII-10-54 (BVC). SHASTA CO.: Hat Creek, 1 d, 1 cupies a restricted range in the State, associat- Q, VII-8-52, 1 9, VII-12-52, 2 2, VII-16-52, 1 Q, ed with Transition Zone areas along the central VIII-11-52,l d, VIII-18-52 (G. Pronin, CAS); 1 2, coast and at moderate elevations in the Sierra Ne- VIII-11-56 (H. Ruckes, CIS). SISKIYOU CO.: Mc- vada (3,000-4,000 feet) and mountains of southern Bride Springs Campground, 1 6, 1 Q, VIII-5-63 (P. California. The adults have been collected from H. Arnaud, CAS). SONOMA CO.: 1 d, 1 ?, VII-6 (OS- April to October in the San Francisco Bay area and ten Sacken, MCZ). May to August in the Sierra Nevada. There are 10 The species P. quieta is allied to P, erram, records from the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains, all in July. from which it differs in having the palpi and ba- The bluish black species P. partriceps may be sal region of third antennal segment yellowish, separated from associated taxa having well-develop- and the sensory hairs short on the posteroventral ed presutural acrosticalbristles and 3 pairs of surface of fore metatarsus. postsutural dorsocentral bristles, by the fulvous legs, excepting tarsi, the black thorax and abdomen, Phaonia (wreclusa Huckett and the weak prealar bristles. Phaonia reczusa Huckett, 1966, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4 34: 300. Phaonia (Phaonia) perfida Stein -- Holotype: 6, Upper Santa Ana River, San Ber- Phaonia perfida Stein, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., nardino County, California (USNM). (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 13. Geographic range.--California. Type: d, no locality (ZMUB). CaZifomzia record.--SAEp BERNAKDINO CO.: holo- Geographic range.--California, Utah. type locality, 1 6, V-12-47 (John Sperry, US"). California record.--MARIPOSA CO. : Yosemite, 1 The males of P. reclusa and P. sobriana have Q, VI-1926 (E. 0. Essig, CIS). a weak short calcar bristle on the hind tibia, as P. perf<& may be compared with P. quieta and in P. antenmlis, but differ from the latter by P. deleta, from which it differs by the absence having a shorter antennae and longer arista1 hairs. of posteroventral bristles on the hind femur, and The male of reclusa lacks the comblike series of in the presence of slender posteroventral sensory short coarse posteroventral bristles on the hind hairs on the fore metatarsus exclusive of those femur common to males of P. sobr Phaonia $execensis Malloch, 1923, Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 48: 271. Holotype: d, Bromsville, Texas (I11NHS). Geographic me.--California, Arizona, Texas, Florida. California records. --LOS ANGnES CO. : Pebbly Beach, Santa Catalina Is., 1 9, IV-2-38 (w. p. Cockerell, CAS). "Los Angeles Co." 1 2, no date (USNM). RIVERSIDE CO.: Coyote Creek, 1 d, 11-1- 63, 10, X-15-63 (E. I. Schlinger, UCR). Deep Canyon, 1 d, XI-11-63, at light (E. I. Schlinger, UCR). SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Barstaw, 1 d, IV-10-64 (J. C. Poll, BVC). 12 mi.. SE. of Ivanpah, 1 d, V-1-56 (J. Powell, CIS). Verdemont, 1 d, III-25- 47 (A. L. Melander, USNM). SAN DIEGO CO.: Anza St. Park, 1 0, 111-31-53 (A.& H. Dietrich, HCH). Borrego, 1 0, IV-8-50 (L. W. Quate, CIS). 5 mi. S. Borrego Spr., 1 d, 1-19-65, 1 6, 1-26-65 (D. D. Linsdale, BVC); 2 0, X-26-65 (S. E. Waseltine, BVC). 3 mi. E. Borrego Spr., 1 d, 1 2, 111-23-65 (S. E. Haseltine, BVC). 3 mi. W., 2 mi. S. Borre- go Spr., L 0, 11-16-65, 1 d, IV-20-65, 1 d, X-ll- 65 (S. E. Haseltine, BVC). La Jolla, 2 $, 111-7- 14 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS). The species fimnia temnsis is allied to P. Zhbkervis, from which it differs in having the Map 70. California distribution of Phaonia texensis flavo- femomta Malloch. palpi fulvous. In the typical form of P. texensis j the mid and hind femora are at least partly black- i ish. i -_I_Phaoni a (Phaonia) texensis var. flavofemorata Mal loch i wide interfrontalia and no cruciate bristles, the 1 (Map 70) parafrontals are narrow and are without proclinate Phamia kxcensis fzavofemorata Malloch, 1923, Trans. paraorbital bristles, or if so are weak, the para- Am. Entomol. SOC., 48: 271. facials for the greater part are slim, receding Holotype: d, Florida (USNM) . Geographic range.--California, Arizona, Texas, ventrad, the lower calyptra1 scale is moderately Florida. extended beyond margin of the upper, and vein R. In this variety the mid and hind femora ere 4+5 ends at apex of the wing. 'I fulvous. Phaonia (Lophosceles) a1 askensis Mal loch I Subgenus Lophosceles Ringdahl Fhaonia azaskensis Malloch, 1923, Trans. Am. Ento- LophosceZes Ringdahl, 1922, Entomol. Tidskr., 43:3. mol. SOC., 48: 272. Type-species: Musca mutata Falle'n, original Holotype: 2, Muir's Inlet, Alaska (ANSP). designation. Geographic range.--Alaska, British Columbia, The subgenus LophosceZes comprises a group California, Northwest Territories. --NEVADA CO. : Sagehen Creek, of smaller species, 4 to 5.5 mm in length, relat- California recod, near Hobart Mills, 2 0, VII-15-64, in malaise trap ed to Phaonia, and having the arista1 hairs not (M. E. Irwin, UCR). / longer than the basal diameter of arista, the ti- The above specimens from Sagehen Creek vary from the type series in having the second antennal > biae sparsely bristled, the hind femora in the segment blackish, concolorous with the third. The male featured by a series of closely set slender male of P. alaskensis, so far as I am aware, is un- bristles on the apical third of anteroventral or known I posteroventral surface, or on both. Females have a 120 BuZZetin of the CaZifornia Insect Smey I ...... 'I ! Genus Bigotomyi a Mal 1 och ! Bigotomyia Malloch, 1921, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7: I i 173. 1 I Type-species: Spizogaster trispiza Bigot, ori- ! ginal designation, I The genus Bigotomyia is closely allied to Phao- i nia, from which it differs in having cell R. 5 of i ! 1 ! the wings constricted at its opening on the wing ! ! margin, due to a marked curvature at apex of vein I M* ;+2. I j j KEY TO SPECIES OF BIGOTOMYIA IN CATJFORNIA '! i Abdomen with dark reflections or checker- ing laterad on dorsum, sternum 1 with I I hairs, opening to cell R.5 about equal i to half the length of m-cu cross-vein . i caziforniensis Malloch I Abdomen with lateral reflections pallid or i absent, sternum 1 bare, opening to cell R.5 at wing margin wider than half the length of m-w cross-vein. houghii (Stein) Bigotomyia californiensis Malloch : (Map 71) i Bigotomyia caziforniensis Malloch, 1923, Trans. Bigotomyia houghi i (Stein) Ann. Entomol. SOC.,~~:236. Aricia houghii Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., Holotype: 6, San Antonio Canyon, San Bernar- b din0 County, California (OSUM). (1897) 42: 177. 1920, Arch. Naturgesch., Geographic range.--Arizona, California. Phaonia incuzta Stein, (1918) Abt. A 84 (9): 8. CaZifumia records (map 7l).--The austral dis- Syntypes : $Q, London, Ontario tribution of this southwestern Nearctic species is d" (FM"). reflected in its unusual range in California, in Geographic range.--In the west B. houghii Upper Sonoran and Transition Zone areas of the Pen- occurs in the privinces of British Columbia and insular Range and Coast Range north to Marin County Alberta and the states of Washington, Oregon, I- and in the southern Sierra Nevada and White Mountains. daho, Montana, and Wyoming; in the east through- out the northeastern states from New Jersey to In southern California the species ranges up Maine, and northward into southern Quebec; in to 7,000 feet in the mountains, and the adults the region of the Great Lakes and westward to as far as South Dakota. Also recorded from the have been taken from March in the foothills to south in Florida and Oklahoma, and from the Spetember and in December and January around Palm southwest to southern California. Springs. On the coast B. califomiensis may fly CaZifornia record.--SM DEIGO CO.: Borrego, 1 d, XII-16-45 (J. and G. Sperry, USNM). the year around, as there are records for nearly every month except December in the Monterey Bay Genus Pseudophaoni a Mal 1 och area. Pseudophaonia Malloch, 1918, Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash., 31: 66. The species B. ca'lifomiensis is recorded from Type-species: Aricia orichaZcea Stein, orig- 13 counties and approximately 52 localities, based inal designation. on an examination of 171 specimens, of which 80 The genus Pseudophaonia may be associated were males and 91 females. I find that in several with Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy as evidenced by specimens the basal node to the veins R.2+3 and the presence of a distinct calcar bristle on the R.4+5 may be hairless on the upper surface. hind tibia. It is more closely related to the Huckett: The Muscidae of California 121 Palaearctic genus Polietes RondaniX, both hav- basal node to veins R. 2+3 and R. 1,+5 without hairs ing numerous hairs on the pteropleura and thus on the upper and under surfaces. The pteropleura differing from Phaonia. In Psewdbphaonia the pro- is hairless in distinction to Pseudophaonia; the pleura, prosternum and hypopleura are hairless, buccal margins of the cheeks are without strong up- and the females have two pairs of proclinate para- turned bristles, and the female is without a pair orbital bristles. Adults are recorded as frequen- of proclinate paraorbital bristles, as are present ting the droppings of animals (Ringdahl, 1954: 26). in Dendrophaonia. The larvae of Muscina have been KEY TO SPECIES OF PSEUDOPHAONIA IN CALIFORNIA bred from decayed animal and vegetable matter, hu- Abdomen with golden pruinescence on ter- man excrement, fungi,and are regarded as parasites gum 5...... oricha2ceoide.s Huckett or predators on the immature stages of certain Abdomen with whitish gray pruinescence on tergum 5. . . griseocaerulea Malloch* other insects, see below. Pseudophaoni a ori chal ceoides Huckett KEY TO SPECIES OF MUSCINA IN CALIFORNIA Adcia orichalcea Stein, 1898, Berl. Entomol. Z., 1. Tibiae fulvous ...... 2 (1897) 42: 183. name preocc. Zetterstedt, 1849. Tibiae fuscous or blackish ...... 3 Pseudophaonia orichalceoides Huckett, 1965, Mem. 2. Hairs of mesothoracic spiracle yellowish, Entomol. SOC. Can., 42 p. 322. new name. second antennal segment fulvou, male with parafrontals contiguous caudad . Type: 6, Craig's Mount: Idaho (FMNII). fdvacrura Snyder Geographic range.--Alberta, California, Colo- Hairs of mesothoracic spiracle brown- rado, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, New ish to black, second antennal seg- Hampshire, New York, Quebec, Vermont, Washington. mnt partly grayish tinged , male with parafrontals narrowly separated caudad . California records.--SHASTA CO. : Old Station, stabu~mzs (Fall&) 1 2, VI-22-55 (D. L. Dahlsten, UCD). TUOLIIMNE CO.: 3. Third antennal segment partly or entire- Leland Meadow, 1 d, VII-16-57 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS). ly reddish ...... 4 Sonora Pass, 9,624 ft. 19, VII-12-51 (E. I. Schlin- Third antennal segment black . . . . . 6 ger, UCD) . 4. Second antennal segment fulvous, lateral declivities of scutellum without setu- The male of P. orhhalceoides has 3 strong a- lae at ventral margin . . . . - pical spines or spurs on the ventral surface of dorsilinea (van der Wulp) Second antennal segment mainly fuscous, the hind tibia. lateral declivities of scutellm with fine setulae at ventral margin . 5 Genus Muscina Robineau-Desvoidy 5. Lower calyptral scale broadly expanded Muscina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, [Paris] Inst. mesocaudad, subtruncate, and extend- France, [Cl. des] Sei. Math. et Phys., Acad. ing at base to base of scutellum . . Roy. des Sci., Me'm. pr6sente"s par divers Sa- Pararika pascuom (Meigen) vans [ser. 21, 2: 406. Lower calyptral scale not extended broadly mesocaudad, and at base not Type-species: Musca stubuhs Fall&, designa- extended to base of scutellum . . . tion by Coquillett, 1910. Pardc&z pabuzona (Fall&) * The genus MusCina has a calcar bristle on the 6. Margins of calyptrae pale, yellowish to pale brown . . . . assirnilis (Fall&) hind tibia as in Phamia and related genera, from Margins of calyptrae dark or seal-brown . which Muscina differs in having the anterior in- fZukei Snyder traalar bristle set transversely slightly caudad I have included the species Parmicia pascuo- of the supraalar bristle as viewed laterad (fig. rm (Meigen) and P. pabulom (Fall&) in the above 12). Vein M. 1+2 is curved forward on the apical key since the taxon Pararicia, connecting the Musci- region and the arista is plumose, as in Bigotonyia; nae with the Phaoniinae, was not discussed in the but Muscina differs from the latter in having the treatment of the Muscinae of California by Eldridge and James (1957), and since the two species have been - classed by many authors as belonging to the genus 4. More recently changed to Craigmont. Muscina. 122 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey Anthmyia sin6ZZs Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus., 4: 930. Anthomyia nigra Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus., 4: 931. Type: 2, Southern Sweden. Geographic range.--Widely distributed in con- tinental North America, reaching to the north as far as northern Alaska, Yukon Territory, and Mac- kenzie River Basin, thence eastward to northern Manitoba, central Quebec and Labrador , southward to include most of the provinces and states, to as far south as Georgia, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizo- na, and southern California. Also the Kamchatka Peninsula. CaZifornia records (map 72).--Widespread through much of the State's lower elevation areas except in the deserts. M. assMZ 22-47 (W. Frazier, CIS). YOLO CO.: Davis, 10, 111-5-53, at fish meal-fermented syrup baits, 1 0, 111-6-53, at fermented syrup bait (E. C. Carlson, UCD) . The species M. dorsilinea has the third anten- nal segment partly or mostly reddish and the pal- pi fulvous, as in M. stabuZm, from which it may be distinguished by the fuscous tibiae, ful- vous second antennal segment, and in the male by the contiguous parafrontals on the caudal half of the frons. --Muscina flukei Snyder Mus&na (Mu.s&na) fzukei Snyder, 1955, Ann. Ento- mol. SOC. Am., 48: 446. Holotype: d, Caneron Pass, Colorado (AM"). Geographic range.--Alberta, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Montana, Nevada. California records. --EL WRAW CO. : Strawber- ry, 1 d, VII-28-50 (M. E. Gardner, USNM). TUO- LUMNE: CO. : Kennedy Meadows , 1 8, VIII-16-62 (U. K. Gogia, CIS). bJ - ,, .n ;---___t_----J-. ... M. fZuksi differs from M. assMZis in having Map 73. California distribution of kcin0 dursitinoa the margins of calyptrae dark brown. (van der Wulp). Muscina fulvacrura Snyder Type: $, Amula,Guerrero, Mexico (Univ. Amster- Muscina (Muscina) futvacma Snyder, 1955, Ann. En- dam Call.) teste Snyder. toml. SOC. Am., 48: 449. &ogpaph.Lc range.--Alabama, California, Florida, Holotype: d, Mill Creek, Walla Walla, Washing- Georgia, New Mexico, South Dakota, Wyoming. ton (USNM). CaZifomia reeords.--CONTRA COSTA 3 mi. 0.: Geographic range.--California, Colorado, Wash- E. of Clayton, 16, V-4-53 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). ington, Wyoming. INYO CO.: Silver Canyon, White Mountains, 1 d, V- 10-26 (J. 0. Martin, CAS). LOS ANGELES CO.: Moun- Catifornia record. --INYO CO .: Independence, 1 tains near Claremont, 1 $, no date (Baker, USNM). de, X-8-63 (J. D. Birchim, HCH). MADERA CO.: Chilkott Lake, 1 VII-23-46 (H. d, P. M, fu~vacruramay be distinguished from its con- Chandler, CAS). MARIN CO. : Cypress Ridge [nr. Woodacre], 1 0, IV-11-20 (A. J. Basinger, CAS). geners by the pallid, yellowish peritreme of the MARIPOSA Miami Ranger Station, 1 d, V-18-42 CO.: mesothoracic spiracle. The antennae, palpi, mid (CIS). MONO CO.: Mono,l $, VII-13-50, 1 d, VIII- 20-50 , both at banana trap (A. Sokoloff , USNM) . and hind femora, and all tibiae are fulvous. White Mountains, 10,150 ft. 3 mi. N of Inyo County, 1 d. VIII-20-63, flight trap (H. B. Leech, CAS). Muscina stabulans (Fall&) MONTEREY CO. : Bryson, 1 d, V-20-20 (E. P. Van (Map 74) Duzee, CAS). NAPA CO.: Monticello, 1 9, IV-8-51 (M. €7. McClay, UCD). RIVERSIDE CO.: Deep Canyon, Musca stabutans Fall&, 1823, Monographia Muscidum 1 d, XI-12-63 (E, I. Schlinger, UCR). Indio area, Sveciae, Muscides, p. 52. 2 $, 11-3-49 (E. G. Meyers, BVC). Mt. Home Spring, Types: d 0, Sweden. 6,400 ft. Santa Rosa Mountain, 19, IX-10-64 (E. I. Schlinger, UCR). Upper Deep Canyon, 1 P, 111- Geographic range.--The species is widely dis- 19-65 (M. E. Irwin, UCR). SACRAMENTO CO.: Sacra- tributed throughout the more temperate regions of mento, 2 $, IX-13-29, ex BoZetus sp. (Mackie, USNM). North America, including most of the provinces and SAN BERNARDINO GO.: Baldy Grade Falls, San Gab- states: in the north from Alaska to Newfoundland, riel Mountains, 2 d, 2 $, X-25-35 (A. J. Basinger, in the south from Georgia to California. Specimens CAS). Bear Valley, 1 9, IX-1-36 (A. J. Basinger, have also been taken at Fairbanks and Point Barrow CAS). 16 mi. N. of Lucerne, 1 ?, IV-15-64 (D. D. in Alaska, Coral Harbor in the Northwest Territories, Linsdale, BVC). TULARE CO.: Woodlake, 10, 111- and in the Kamchatka Peninsula. 124 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey central coast, and from February to October in the Sacramento Valley. Records elsewhere are mostly from April to July but probably are too scattered to allow conclusions. There are single specimens from Independence taken in January, and from Downey, Los Angeles County, in December. The records €or the present survey represent about 60 localities in 24 counties. The species M. stabuZans has the tibiae fulvous, the second antennal segment partly grayish tinged, and the parafrontals of the male separated caudad, thereby differing in one or more respects from M. dorsilinea and M. fulvacwa. Its biology and role in pathogenesis have been summarised by Keilin (1917: 415-421), James (1948: 135-137), and Hennig (1962-1963: 768-769). Adults are known to frequent buildings for animal and human habitation in search CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY of food, shelter, and for oviposition. The flies are commonly found in the presence of tainted food or decomposing organic matter. Larvae have been bred from blemished or partly decayed fruits and vegetables, various fungi, animal dung, human ex- Map 74. California distribution of Muscina stabutans (Fall&). creta, carrion, nests of starlings, sparrows, swallows, and from dead snails and earthworms. They California records (map 74) .--Muscina stabuZans have been recorded as parasites or predators on a occurs broadly through lower elevation portion of the State, in association with Transition and Upper wide variety of insects in the immature stages, be- Sonoran Zone situations near the coast, in the Cen- longing to the orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Or- tral Valley, and east of the Sierra Nevada to the margins of the desert in southern California (Coach- thoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera (Howard, 1900 : ella Valley). It is generally lacking from moun- 574-576; Sgguy, 1923: 354, 1932: 22; Thomsen and tain areas, although there is a single specimen re- cord from Meek's Bay at Lake Tahoe. Hammer, 1936: 597; Winfield, 1961: 170; Hennig, The adults are active throughout the warmer 1963: 769; Coffey, 1966: 216. months, having been taken the year around on the LITERATURE CITED Aldrich, J. M. Collart, A. 1905. A catalogue of North American Diptera. 1933. Dipteres &lev& -2s nids de Guepgs. Bull. Misc. Collect. Smithson. Inst., 46. No. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 9: 1-8. 1444 pp. 1-680. Collin, J. E. Brues, C. T., Melander, A. L., and F. M. Carpenter 1939. On various new or little known British 1954. Classification of insects: (Revised ed.). Diptera, including several species bred Harvard University, Bull. Mus. Comp. from nests of birds and lnamrnals. Entomol. Zool., 108: 1-917, 1219 figs. Mon. Mag., 75: 134-154, 7 figs. Chillcott, J. G. Coquillett, D. W. 1958. Two new species of Euryomna Stein (Musci- 1901. Types of anthomyid genera. J. N.Y. Ento- dae: Diptera) from Panama. Can. Entomol., mol. SOC., 9: 134-146. 90: 725-731, 21 figs. Curran, C. H. 1961. A revision of the nearctic species of 1934. qe families and genera of North American Fanniinae (Diptera: Muscidae). Can. Ento- Diptera. 512 pp., 235 figs., 2 pls. mol., (1960) 92 Suppl. 14 pp. 1-295, 289 figs. Cuthbertson, A. 1965. New species and stages of nearctic Fannia 1937. Biological notes on some Diptera of south- R.-D. (Diptera: Muscidae) associated with ern Rhodesia. Trans. Rhod. Sei. ASSOC., nests of Hymenoptera. Can. Entomol., 97: 35: 16-34. 640-647, 18 figs. De Wilde, B. De Vos Coffey, D. M. 1935. Contribution & l'gtude des larves de Dip- 1966. Studies on the association of flies (Dip- t'eres Cyclorrhaphes , plus spgcialement tera) with dung in southeastern Washing- des larves d'AnthomyLdes. 125 pp, 23 pls. ton. Ann Entomol. SOC. 59 (1): 207- Am., Donisthorpe, H. 218. 1922. Notes on a few species of Diptera bred Cole, P. M., and E. I. Schlinger from the larval stage. Entomol. Rec. 34: 1969. The flies of Western North America. Univ. 189. California Press, xi-693 pp. illus. 125 126 Bulletin of the CaZifornia Insect Survey Eldridge B. F., and M. T. James their relation to myiasis of the intestinal and urinary tracts. Parasitology, 5 (3); 1957. The typical muscid flies of California 161-174, 7 figs. (Diptera: Muscidae, Muscinae). Bull. Calif. Insect Surv. 6: 1-17, 3 pls. 1914. The House-Fly, Musca domstica Linn. Its structure, habits, development, relation Emden, F I. van to disease, and control. University 1940. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934-5, Vol. 2 NO. 4 Press, Cambridge. Muscidae: B.-Coenosiinae, pp. 91-255, 82 Hobby, B. M. figs. 1931. The prey of Coenosia tedna F., and 1941. Keys to the Muscidae of the Ethiopian re- other species of the genus. Proc. R. En- gion. Scatophaginae, Anthomyiinae, Lis- tomol. SOC. Lond., 6: 13-15. pinae, Fanniinae. Bull. Entomol. Res., 32 Part 3 pp. 251-275. 1934. Notes on predacious anthomyiidae and cordyluridae (Diet.). Entomol. Mon. Mag. , Evans, A. M. 70: 185-190, 2 figs. 1930. Observations on the predacious habits and Howard, L. 0. prey of Coenosia hdZis Meig. (Anthomyi- idae). Trans. R. Entomol. SOC. Lond., 78 1900. A contribution to the study of the in- Part I1 pp. 325-329. sect fauna of human excrement. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 2: 541-604. Falcoz, L. 1901. On some diptera bred from cow-manure. 1921. Matgriaux pour 1'6tude de la faune phole'o- Can. Entomol., 33: 42-44. phile. Ire note: Dipteres, avec la descrip- tion d'une espsce nouvelle de Sphaerocera Huckett, H. C. Latr. Bull. SOC. Entomol. Fr., pp. 137-142. 1954. A review of the North American species Garcia, R., and F. J. Radovsky belonging to the genus Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae). 1962. Haematophagy by two non-biting muscid Ann. Entomol. SOC. Am., 47 (2): 316-342. flies and its relationship to tabanid feed- ing. Can. Entomol., 94: 1110-1116, 2 figs. 1965. The Muscidae of Northern Canada, Alaska, and Greenland (Diptera). Mem. Entomol. Gill, G. D. SOC. Can., No. 42 369 pp., 280 figs. 1955. Filth flies of central Alaska. J. Econ. 1971. The Anthomyiidae of California. Exclu- Entomol., 48 (6): 648-653. sive of the subfamily Scatophaginae Hall, D. G. (Diptera). Bull. Calif. Insect Surv.,12: 1-121, 111 figs. 1937. New muscoid flies (Diptera) in the United States National Museum. Proc. U. S. Natl. James, M. T. MUS., 84: 201-216. 1948. The flies that cause myiasis in man. Hammer, 0. U. S. Dep. Agric., Misc. Publ. 631. 175 pp., 98 figs. 1941. Biological and ecological investigations on flies associated with pasturing cattle Johannsen, 0. A. and their excrement. Vidensk. Medd. Dan. 1935. Aquatic Diptera. Part IT.. Orthorrha- Naturhist. Foren. Kbh., Bd. 105 pp. 141-393, pha-Brachycera and Cyclorrhapha. N. Y. 50 figs. (Cornell) Agric. Exp. Stn., Mem. 177 pp. Hennig, W. 1-62, 12 pls. 1952. Die Larvenformen der Dipteren, 3 Teil 628 Johnson, W. T., and C. E. Venard pp., 338 figs., 21 pls. 1957. Observations on the biology and morpho- 1955-1966. In Lindner, Die Fliegen der palaeark- logy of Ophpa aensscens (Diptera: Musci- tischen Region. Bd. 7 63b Muscidae. (1955) dae). Ohio J. Sci., 57(1): 21-26, 11 pp. 1-96. (1956) pp. 97-144. (1961) pp. figs., 1 pl. 481-528. (1962) pp. 673-768. (1963) pp. 769- Keilin, D. 816. 63a Anthomyiidae (1966) pp. 1-96. 1917. Recherches sur les Anthomyides larves 1965. Vorarbeiten zu einem phylogenetischen carnivores. Parasitology , 9 (3) : 325-450, System der Muscidae (Diptera: Cyclorrha- 12 pls. pha). Stuttg. Beitr. Naturkd.,Nr. 141 pp. 1- 100 . Knab, F. Hewitt, C. G. 1916. Four european diptera established in America. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 1912. Fannia (HomaZomyia) cankularis Linn. and 4 (1-3): 1-4. F. scaZaris Fab. An account of the biono- mics and the larvae of the flies and Huckett: me Muscidae of California 127 Lamborn, W. A. Motter, M. G. 1920. The habits of a dipteron predaceous on 1898. A contribution to the study of the fauna mosquitos in Nyasaland. Bull. Entomol. of the grave. J. N.Y. Entomol. SOC., 6: Res., 11: 279-281. 201-231. Lampa, S. Niblett, M. 1887. Om fluglarvers f8rekomst i tannkanalen 1955. Diptera bred from fungi. Entomol. Mon. Mag., hos menniskan. Entomol. Tidskr., 8: 5-20. 91 (1907): xxxix. Laurence, B. R. Oliviera, S. J. de 1953. Some Diptera bred from cow dung. Entomol. 1941. Ssbre @hym aenescens (Wiederaann, 1830) Mon. Mag., 89: 281-282. (Diptera: Anthomyidae). Arq. Zool. Estado Sso Paulo, 2 Art. 15 pp. 341-355, 3 pls. Lesne, P. Portschinsky, I. A. 1921. La Paune entomologique des fosses d' aisances de la rggion parisienne. Les 1910. Recherches biologiques sur le Stomoxys Fannia scatophages. Bull. Mus. Natl. eazcitrcins L., et biologie comparae des Hist. Nat. Paris, 27: 53-58. mouches coprophages. Publ. Entomol. Bureau, Russian Dept. of Land Administr. and Agric., 1923. La faune entomologiq3e des fosses d' 8 no. 90 pp. Russian) aisances et des excrements humains. Bull. Vol. 8 (in Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, 29 (2): 161- Ramachandra Rao, R. S. Y. 167. 1925. A short note on the habits and food Linnaeus, C. von plants of some of the Indian species of Atherigom described by Mr. Malloch. Mem. 1758. Systema naturae....Ed. 10, Vol. 1, 824 pp. Dep. Agric. India. Entomol. Ser. 8 (11): Malloch, J. R. 123-125. 1913. Notes on some American Diptera of the Ringdahl, 0. genus Fannia, with descriptions of new 1924. Oversikt av de hittills i vht land funna species. Proc. S. Natl. Mus., 44: 621- U. arterna tillharande sydktena Mydaea R. D. 631, 1 pl. och Helina R. D. (Muscidae). Entomol. 1917. A key to the North American genera of Tidskr., 45: 39-66. Coenosiinae (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) Bull. . 1954. Svensk Insektfauna. XI Muscidae hafte 1, Brooklyn Entomol. SOC., 12 (2): 35-37. pp. 1-91, 121 figs. 1918. Diptera from the southwestern United Roback, S. S. States. Paper IV. Anthomyiidae. Trans. Am. Entomol. SOC., 44: 263-319, 1 pl. 1951. A classification of the muscoid calyp- trate Diptera. Ann. Entomol. SOC. Am., 44: 1920. Descriptions of new North American An- 327-361, 2 figs., 7 pls. thomyiidae (Diptera). Trans Am. Entomol. SOC., 46: 133-196, 3 pls. Sabrosky, C. W. 1921. Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera) I. Ann. Mag. 1949. The muscid genus @hym in the Pacific Nat. Hist., ser. 9 7:161. Region (Diptera). Proc. Hawaii. Entoml. SOC., 13 (3): 423-432, 12 figs. 1923. Flies of the anthomyiid genus Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy and related genera, Schiner, J. R. known to occur in North America. Trans. Am. 1862. Fauna Austriaca, Die Fliegen, I: 674 pp. Entomol. SOC., 48: 227-282. Sgguy, E. 1932. Muscidae of the Marquesas Islands. Pac. Entomol. SUN. Publ.,T Art. 21 pp. 193- 1923. Faune de France. No. 6 Diptkres Anthomyi- 203. des, 393 pp. Marchand, W. 1925. Etudes sur les ythomyides. Encyclopgdie entomologique, ser. B Diptera I: 125-136. 1923. The larval stages of Limnopho~discreta Stein (Diptera, Anthomyidae). Bull. 1929. Etude sur les Dipt\eres 'a larves comuiensa- Brooklyn Entomol. SOC., 18: 58-62. les ou parasites des oiseaw de l'europe occidentale. Encyclopgdie entomologique Mohr, C. , 0. s&. B Diptera 5 fasc. 2 pp. 63-82, 27 1934. A study of the succession, relative num- figs. bers, and biologies of bucoprophilous in- 1932. Btude sur les Dipthes parasites ou pre- sects. abstract of a thesis. 6 pp. An dateurs des sayterelles. Encyclop6die Urbana, Illinois. en- tomologique, ser. B. Diptera 6: 11-40. 128 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey 1935. Notes biologiques et systematiques sur les Taschenberg, E. L. Diptires. Encyclope/die entomologique, se'r . 1880. Praktische Insekten-Kunde. IV: 99-136, B Diptera 8: 155-172, 4 figs, I figs. 26-33. 1937. In Qtsman, Genera insectorum. Diptera, Tashiro, H. and H. H. Schwardt Fam. Muscidae. Pasc. 205 604 pp.,9 pls. 1953. Biological studies of horse flies in New 1946 Notes biologiques et taxonomiques sur les York. J. Econ. Entomol., 46: 813-822, 4 Diptkres Encyclopgdie entomologique dr. . , figs., 6 tabs. B. Diptera 10: 105-150. Thomas, C. A. 1950. La Biologie des Dipt\eres. Encyclopgdie en- tomologique, sdr. A 26: 609 pp., 225 figs., 1939. The animals associared with edible fungi. 10 pls. J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc., 47: 11-37. Smith, K. G. V. Thomsen, M., and 0. Hammer 1954. Breeding records of two British Muscidae 1936. The breeding media of some common flies. (Diptera). Entomol. Mon. Mag., 90: 222. Bull. Entomol. Res., 27 (4): 572-574, 580- 582. Stein, P. Thomson, R. L. M. 1895. Die Anthomyidengruppe Homalomyia nebst ihren Gattungen und Arten. Berl. Entomol. 1937. Observations on the biology and larvae of Z., 40: 1-141. the Anthomyidae, Parasitology, 29 No. 3 pp. 273-358, 157 figs. 1907. It? Katalog der PalGrktischen Dipteren, Bd. 3 637 pp. Williams, F. X. 1919. Die Anthomyidengattungen der Welt, analy- 1939. Biological studies in Hawaiian water-lov- tisch bearbeitet, nebst einem kritisch- ing insects. Part 111. Diptera or true systemtischen Verzeichniss aller ausser- flies. A. Ephydridae and Anthomyiidae. europaischen Arten. Arch. Naturgesch., Proc. Hawaii. Entomol. SOC., (1938) 10: 85- (1917) 83 A (1): 85-178. 119, 1 fig., 9 pls. Stone, A., C. W. Sabrosky et al. Williston, S. W. 1965. A catalogue of the Diptera of America 1908. Manual of North American Diptera. Ed. 3, North of Mexico. U. S. Dep. Agric., 405 pp. 163 figs. New Haven, Connecticut. Agric. Handbk. 276 1696 pp. Winfield, A. L. Stork, M. N. 1961. [Larvae of Museina stubulm as predators 1936. A contribution to the knowledge of the on larvae of cabbage stem weevil, CeuthOr- puparia of Anthomyidae. Tijdschr. Entomol., hynchus quadridem Patlzer.] Entomol. Mon. 79: 94-168, 35 figs. Mag., 97: 170. PLATES 130 Bulletin of Californ Fig. 1 Schoenomyza dorsalis SuZfuriceps Malloch d, showing weak or narrow frontal wedge on interfrontalia. Fig. 2 Schoenomyza dorsalis Loew d, showing broad dark frontal wedge on interfrontalia. Fig. 3 Lispocephaza erythrocera (Robineau-Desvoicy) d, with anterior pair of paraorbital bristles set midway on parafrontals. Fig. 4a Pogonomyia amnicok Huckett 0, showing aristal hairing. Fig. 4b Pogonomy-kz santamoniccre Huckett 9, showing aristal hairing. Fig. 5 Pogonomyia amrzicoZa Huckett d, profile of male head. Fig. 6 Pseudocoenosia neropolita (Malloch) d, with paraorbital bristles set caudad on parafrontals. Fig. 7 Euryona~peregrinwn (Meigen), with second pair of presutural dorsocentral bristles set near midway on presutural region of mesono tum. Fig. a Fannk canieu~s(Linnaeus), with second pair of presutural dorsocentral bristles set caudad of midway on presutural region of mesonotum. Fig. 9 Coenosia (Lhxia) mcbrina Huckett 2, showing nonspinular nature of setulae on anterior surface of humeral callosities, and of anterior setae on planes of acrostical and dorsocentral bristles. Fig. 10 Coenosia (Lbsia) aZbibasis Stein p, showing spinular nature of setulae on anterior surface of humeral callosities, and of anterior setae on acrostical and dorsocentral planes. Fig. 11 Phaonia panticeps Malloch, diagram showing first intraalar bristle (ia) set on a transverse plane cephalad of supraalar bristle (sa). Fig. 12 Muscina asshfZis Fall&, diagrh showing first intraalar bristle (ia) set on a transverse plane caudad of supraalar bristle (sa). Huckett: The Muscidae of California 131 1 Fig. 13 HeZina nigripennis (Walker) 9, with predorsal interspatial bristle present in mesopleural series. Fig. 14 HeZina spinosa (Walker) 9, with predorsal interspatial bristle absent in mesopleural series. Fig. 15 Lispocephaza erythrocera (Robineau-Desvoidy) , with lower (ventral) stigmata1 bristle sloping downward, on anteroventral region of mesopleuron. Fig. 16 Mydaea pilifera Huckett $, with hairs on anteroventral angle of hypopleuron adjacent hind coxa, (a) enlarged. Fig. 17 Fannia serena (Fall&), with truncated lower calyptral scale. Fig. 18 Fannia breuicauda Chillcott, with lobate lower calyptra1 scale. Fig. 18a Hydrotaea meteorica (Linnaeus) d, posterior view of preapical prongs of fore femur, Fig. 19 Coenosia (Neode&opsis) ouata Stein 9, with preapical posterior bristle present on hind femur. Fig. 20 Coaos?k (L~os?~)rufibasis Stein 9, with preapical posterior bristle absent on hind femur. Fig. 21 Li-hoPa kmzssata Malloch 6, with prebasal ventral bulge on hind femur; Fig. 22 Lhzophora disereta Stein d, with prebasal ventral bulge absent on hind femur. Fig. 23 Fannia fZavibasis Stein d, with series of posteroventral setulae present on hind femur. Fig. 24 Pmia fkvitibia Stein 6, with series of posteroventral setulae lacking on hind femur. Fig. 25 Coenosia (Lkda) rubrim Huckett , with apical posteroventral bristle robust on mid tibia. Fig. 26 Coenosia (Limosia) aZbibasis Stein, with apical posteroventral bristle weak or short on mid tibia. Fig. 27 Fannia flavitibia Stein 6, showing ventral surface upward and with basal fasciculus on mid metatarsus. Fig. 28 Lispe probohemica Speiser d, dorsal view of mid tarsus. Fig. 29 Li8pe breuipee Aldrich d, dorsal view of hind tarsus. Fig. 30 Segment 5 of hind tarsus in male of Lispe brevipes Aldrich (a), and in male of Lispe jamesi Snyder (b). Huckett: The Muscidae of California 133 \ 27 I 30 "3=2E L 34 Fig. 31 Hydrotaea OccuZta(Meigen), posterior view of male hind tibia Fig. 32 Pogonomyia s-hi.Zis Malloch, with 3 or 4 lengthy posterodorsal bristles on hind tibia. Fig. 33 Phaonia rugia (Walker), with 2 or 3 short weak posterodorsal bristles and long calcar bristle on hind tibia. Fig. 34 Phuonk Z-hbinervis (Stein), with calcar bristle only on posterodorsal surface of hind tibia. Fig. 35 Coenosia (Lhsia) rubr-ina Huckett, lateral profile of hYPOPY giw. Fig. 36 Coenosk (Lhosk) bonita Huckett, lateral profile of hYP0PY gim. Dorsal or caudal aspect of male copulatory appendages. Pig. 37 Sckrwrryza dorsaZis suZfUriceps Malloch. Fig. 38 HeZina nwta Malloch, (a) apical region of cerci enlarged, Fig. 39 Limnophom discreta Stein. Fig. 40 Limnophom incrassata Malloch, cerci. Dorsal or caudal aspect of male copulatory appendates. Huckett: The Muscidae of CaZifornia 135 36 Bulletin of California Insect Survey I Fig. 41 Fannia fusmrZa (Fall&) Fig. 42 Fannia amsricana Malloch. Fig. 43 Pogonomyia anmicola Huckett. Fig. 44 Pogonomyia profrontalis Huckett , cerci. Fig. 45 Pogonomyia santmonicae Huckett, cerci. Lateral aspect of male copulatory appendages. 138 BuZZetin of California Insect Survey Fig. 46 Schoenomyza dorsalis suZfwliceps Malloch. Fig. 47 HeZina nigrita Malloch. Fig. 48 Limnophora discreta Stein. Fig. 49 Pogonomyia micola Huckett. Fig. 50 Pogonomyia profrontalis Huckett, (a) gonostylus (b) paramere. Fig. 51 Pogonomyia santmnonicae Huckett , gonostylus. Huckett: !The Muscidae of CaZifomia 139 140 BtiZZetin of CaZifornia Insect Survey Ventral aspect of sternum 5 of male abdomen. Fig. 52 Schoenomyza dorsalis suZfwliceps Malloch. Fig. 53 Lisp desertom Huckett , dried specimen. Fig. 54 Lispe appro&mata: Huckett, dried specimen. Fig. 55 Limnophoru discreta Stein. Fig. 56 HeZim nigrita Malloch. Fig. 57 Pogonomyiu micola Huckett. Fig. 58 pogonomyia profronta lis Huckett . Fig. 59 Pogowmyia santumonicae Huckett. Huckett: The Musc&?ae of California 141 i INDEX 1 INDEX Subgenera, genera, and higher groups (Names cited in synonymy are in italics) Achaetim Malloch, 90 Hebecnema Schnabl, 52, 66, 67 OpsoZasia Coquillett, 69 Acritochaeta Grimshaw, 25 Helina Robineau-Desvoidy, 52, 65 Alloeostylus Schnabl, 89, 103, HomaZomyia Bouchk, 73 Pararicia Brauer and Bergenstam, 10 6 Hoplogaster Rondani, 5, 8, 9, 121 Anthomyiidae, 1, 4 19, 20, 21 Parasteinia Cockerell, 27 Atherigona Rondani, 5, 25 Hydrotaea Rob ineau-Desvoidy , 3 , Pentacricia Stein, 5, 32 Azelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 73 89, go, 98, io3 Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy, 3, 88 YO, 107, 108, 119, 120, 121 Azeliini, 73, 88 Lasiops Meigen, 3, 89, 103 Phaoniinae, 3, 4, 89, 90, 121 Linmophora Robineau-Desvoidp, 2, PhyZZogaster Stein, 27 Bigotomyia Malloch, 90, 108, 38, 39, 47, 48, 51 Plexiopsis Huckett, 90, 106, 120, 121 Limnophorinae, 5, 38 107, 108 Bucephalomyia Malloch, 38, 48, Limnospila Schnabl, 5 Pogonomyia Rondani, 3, 90, 100, 51 Limosia Rogineau-Desvoidy, 5, 8, 10 3 9, 20, 21 Polietes Rondani, 121 Cdcea Robineau-Desvoidy, 8 Lispe Latreille, 2, 32 Pseudocoenosia Pokorny, 5, 26 Coelomyia Haliday, 73, 88 Lispinae, 4, 32 Pseudocoenosia Bakorny, Coenosia Meigen, 5, 8, 9, 25, Lispocephala Pokorny, 5, 29, 30 Pseudolimnophora Strobl, 38, 48, 26 Lispoides, Malloch, 2, 38, 39 51 Coenosiinae, 2, 4, 5, 8 Lophosceles Ringdahl, 90, 119 Pseudophaonia Malloch, 3, 90, 120, 121 Dendrophaonia Malloch, 3, 90, Maorocoenosia Malloch, 9 107, 108, 121 Macrorchis Rondani, 5, 25, 26 Quadrula Pandell&, 65 Dialyta Meigen, 90, 107, 108, Muscidae, 1, 4 Quadrularia Huckett, 52, 65 116 Muscina Robineau-Desvoidy, 3, 90, 121 Scatophagidae, 2 EuZimnophora Malloch, 47 Muscinae, 1, 4, 121 Schoenomyza Haliday, 5, 6 Eupogonomyia Malloch, 3, 90, 103 Museoidea, 2 SpiZaria Schnabl, 65 Euryomma Stein, 73, 87, 88 Mydaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 52, Spilogona Robineau-Desvoidy, 2, 69, 70 38, 39, 45, 47 Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 3, 73 Mydaeinae, 2, 5, 52, 69 Steinomjia Malloch , 73 87, 88 Myospila Rondani, 52, 69 Stomoxyinae, 1, 4 Fanniinae, 2, 4, 72 Fanniini, 73, 88 Neodexiopsia Malloch, 5, 8, 9, Tetmchaeta Stein, 27 22 Tetramerinx Berg, 5, 27, 28 Gymnodia Robineau-Desvoidy , 2 , Trichoptirms Schnabl, 103 38, 47 Ophyra Robineau-Desvoidy, 3, 90, 98 Xenaricia Malloch, 67 Xenomydaea Malloch, 52, 69, 70 145 Species and trinomials abdominaZis Aldrich, 96 banffi Seamans, 45 cinerella van der Wulp, 52, 54, acela Walker, 38 basalis Stein, Dexiopsis. 22, 23, 55, 56, 57 acra Walker, 83 24, 25 comnis Walker, 88 acuta Stein, 91, 92, 93, 96 basalis Zetterstedt, Anthomyza. compressa Stein, 15 acuticauda Huckett, 30, 31 52, 54, 55, 57 concolor Stein, 39, 40, 42, 43 acuticornis Malloch, 40, 41, 42 basdeni Collin, 91, 92, 93, 94, conforma Huckett, 15 aenescens Wiedemann, 3, 98, 99 96 conforma occidentalis Huckett, 10, aequa Stein, 89 benjamini Malloch, 2, 74, 75, 77, 11, 15 aequifrons Stein, 38, 39 87, 93 conspicua Malloch, 73, 75, 79, 84 affinis Malloch, 67, 68 bicolorata Halloch, 54, 55, 56, convdfrons Malloch, 7 alaskensis Malloch, 90, 119 65 coracina Loew, 74, 76, 79, 86 albibasis Stein, 10, 11, 12, 18 binotata Chillcott, 74, 75, 77 coriatlanis Huckett, 109, 110, albiaepennsi Huckett, 28, 29 biquadrata Walker, 45 112 azdrichi Snyder, Helina, 56 bisetosa bisetosa Huckett, 40, corvina Verrall, 48, 49, 50 aldrichii Stein, Pentacricia. 32 41, 42, 43 cothurnata Rondani, 53, 55, 57, aliena Malloch, 9, 11, 12, 13 bisetosa Pruinella Huckett, 40, 58, 59 alma Meigen, 30 41, 43 cotidiana Snyder, 33, 34, 37 alone Walker, 25 biseriata Stein, 61 crepusmlaris Stein, 59 alpicola Rondani, 100 bispinosa Malloch, 53, 54, 56 Cretans Huckett, 39, 40, 44 alticola Malloch, 9, 11, 12, 13 Bohemani Ringdahl, 53, 54, 56, cristata Malloch, 91, 92, 94, amerlcana Malloeh, 73, 75, 76, 59 95, 96 81, 87 bonita Huckett, 10, 11, 14, 15, cyrtoneurina Stein, 51 americanum Chillcott, 88 16, 19 amnicola Huckett, 100, 101, 102, borealis Malloch, 103 deleta Stein, 108, 109, 110, 112, 103 brevicauda Chillcott, Fannia. 75, 117 amoeba Stein, 64 76, 78, 81 dentata Bigot, 51 annosa Zetterstedt, 65, 66 brevicauda Huckett, Pseudocoenosia. dentipes Fabricius, 94 antennalis Huckett, 109, 110, 111, 26 dentipes caerulescens Stein, 94 117 brevipes Aldrich, 33, 34, 35 depressa Stein, 91, 94 anthomydea Bigot, 69 brevis Stein, 56, 61 desertorum Huckett, 33, 34, 35 anthracina Malloch, 10, 11, 13 brevispina Malloch, 109, 110, 111, diaphanus Wiedemann, 3, 103, 104, anthrax Bigot, 40, 41, 42, 46 118 106 aperta Stein, 56 brevitarsis Malloch, Lispocephala. discreta Stein, 48, 49, 50 apicalis Meigen, 103 30, 31 disparata Huckett, 40, 44 approximata Huckett, 33, 34 brevitarsis Malloch, Trichopticus. d&sfdZis Aldrich, 92 arcuata Stein, 47, 48 105 dorsalis dorsalis Loew, 6, 7, 8, argentata Coquillett, 10, 11, 13 brunneinervis Stein, 118 38, 39 argentea Snyder, 33, 34, 37 buccata Malloch, 70, 72 dorsatis partita Malloch, 7, 8 argenticeps Malloch, 10, 12, 14, dorsalis sulfuriceps Malloch, 6, 18 caerulescens Stein, 108, 110, 111, 7 argenticolor Stein, 13 112 , 118 dorsilinea van der Wulp, 121, argentiventris Malloch, 39, 40, caesia Stein, 116 122, 123, 124 42, 44 Californica Malloch, 20, 21 duplicata Meigen, 54, 58, 61, 64 argentiventris occidentatis californiensis Malloch, Bigoto- Huckett, 42 myia. 120 effulgens Huckett, 9, 11, 15, 16 arizona Snyder, 22, 23, 24 californiensis Malloch, Hoplo- elongata Chillcott, 75, 76, 80 arizonensis Chillcott, 74, 75, 76, gaster. 20 errans completa Malloch, 112 77, 84, 87 caziforniensis Malloch, Tetra- errans errans Meigen, 109, 110, armata Malloch, 71 nH?rinx, 29 112, 113, 117 armatipes armatipes Malloch. 70 , campestris Robineau-Desvoidy, 9 errans luteva Walker, 109, 110, 71, 72 cana Huckett, 40, 43 113 armatipes fuscipes Huckett 70, cadensis Maiioch, 81 erratica Fall&, 108 71, 72 candida Huckett, 10, 11, 15 erythrocera Robineau-Desvoidy, armfpes Fall&, Musca. 4, 90, 91, canescem Stein, 14 30, 31 92, 93, 95, 96, 97 canicularis Linnaeus, 2, 3, 74, euphemioidea Robineau-Desvoidy, -India (M" Vienna). tral bristle on hind tibia, and from C. basalis by Geographic range.--California, Florida, Georgia, the narrower cheeks and longer antennae. The female Texas, also tropics and subtropics of both New and of C. s~~~ZQXmay or may not have a pair of spots on Old World. terga 3 andfor 4. California records.--RIVERSIDE CO.: Deep Canyon, 3 d, 4 ?, X-9-63, 2 d, 1 p, at light (E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin, UCR). SAN DIEGO CO.: Borrego Springs, 2 0, X-10-65, 2 p, X-26-65 (S. E. Haseltine, BVC). Genus Atherigona Rondani 2 mi. E., 3 mi. N. of Borrego Springs, 2 9, XI-9-65 Atherigona Rondani, 1856, Dipt. Ital., Prodr., I: 97. (S. E. Haseltine, BVC). Type-species: Coenosia varia Meigen, by origi- Genus Macrorchis Rondani nal designation. Macrorchis Rondani, 1877, Dipt. Ital., Prodr., VI p. The genus as represented in Califor- Atherigona 280. nia is marked by the possession of two pairs of weak Type-species: Musca meditata Fallen (mono- inconspicuous presutural dorsocentral bristles that basic). are shorter than the posterior notopleural, fore fe- The genus Macrorchis is related to Coenosia mur with the posteroventral bristles restricted to sens. Zat., the adults having one pair of recur- distal third and with a shallow dorsal concavity dis- rent paraorbital bristles, the lower prostigmatal tad in the male, costal cell enlarged due to the bristle above fore coxae curved downward, and the slight convexity of costa and in that the subcostal hind tibia with one long anterodorsal bristle. vein unites with costa at a point nearly opposite The genus differs from Coenosia in having 2 pairs the r-m cross-vein, eyes nearly oblong in outline of presutural dorsocentral bristles, the shorter due to its width being fully maintained on the lower pair being at least half as long as the longer. half, abdomen in males short and stout. In the sub- Little is known of the habits of the larvae. Hen- genus Acritochaeta Grimshaw the hypopygium is not nig (1961:509) mentions that the European species trifoliate at apex of the genital style or stalk. meditata is recorded as having been introduced in- Larvae of Atherigona orientalis are known to to New Zealand from soil containing bulbs from breed in decaying fruit and vegetation, assuming the Holland. role of scavengers. (Malloch, 1932:201; Rarnachandra Rao, 1925 : 123-125). KEY TO SPECIES OF MACRORCHIS IN CALIFORNIA Subgenus Acritochaeta Grimshaw 1. Fore femora black. . majuscda (Coquilletr) Fore femora partly or entirely fulvous 2 Acritochaeta Grimshaw, 1901, Fauna Hawaiiensis, Pt. . 2. Fore femora entirely fulvous I, Dipt., p. 41...... atrsoba (Walker) * Type-species : Acritochaeta pulvinata Grimshaw Fore femora partly blackened on dorsal monobasic = orientalis Schiner. region alone (Walker)* 26 Bulletin of the California Insect Survey d, 1 0, VIII-6-50, 5 O., VIII-11-50 (A. L. Melander, USNM). Christi Ranch, Santa Cruz Id., 1 d, IX-14- 64 (E. I. Schlinger, UCR). Goleta, 1 O., VI-22-59 (P. E. Paige). Muir Beach, 2 d, 6 9, VIII-6-50 (A. L. Melander, USNM). SANTA CLARA CO.: Salt Marshes, Palo Alto, 2 O., IV-20-06 (J. C. Bradley, ZMUB). Stanford University, 1 6, no date, type (USNM). Santa Clara County, 1 0, no date (Baker, USNM). SANTA CRUZ CO.: Santa Cruz, 1 6, IX-1-53 (P. H. Arnaud, CAS). The species M. majuscuk has 2 pairs of presu- tural dorsocentral bristles, otherwise it bears a resemblance to Coenosia tigrim, notably in the bristling of the hind tibiae. Genus Pseudocoenosia Stein Pseudocoenosia Stein, 1916, Arch. Haturgesch., (1915) Abt. A 81 (10): 113, 220. Type-species: Artcia bngicauda Zetterstedt, by subsequent designation of Karl, 1928 {= Anthomyza SO- litaria Zetterstedt, 1838). The genus Pseudocoenosia comprises a group of rather aberrant species, and falls rather arbitrari- carrion (Howard, 1900: 576: Eddy, in vicinity of Garin Wood at Hayward, the Gill, 1955: 653; Coffey, 1966: 216). Larvae have Alamda County, the adults emerging respectively been reared from decaying vegetables and various on June 13, 3 6, 2 2; June 16, 4 0; Septeuber 9, fungi, from mushroon beds, dead insects and mol- 1972, 4 d, 1 2, Also included with the material luscs (Keilin, 1917: 406; Sgguy, 1923: 352; Thomas, was 1 p from Los Angeles, taken on May 18, 1964. 1939: 30; Hennig, 1962: 762), and in feeding habits may be regarded as partly carnivorous and omnivor- ous. Muscina assimi 1 is (Fa1l6n) Muscina dorsilinea (van der Wulp) (Fig. 12; map 72) (Map 73) Musca assimilis Fall&, 1823, Monographia Musci- dum Sveciae, Muscides, p. 56. CZinopera dorsiZinea van der Wulp, 1896, Biolog. Centr.-Amer., Dipt. 2: 308. Anthomyia omole Walker, 1849, List Dipt. Br. Mus. , 4: 930. Museina aurantiaea Hough, 1889, Biol. Bull., 1: 25. Huckett: !&e Muscidae of California 12 3