Governor Dunn of Tennessee
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The Origins and Application of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Origins and Application of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 We the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. — Preamble to the Constitution of the United States of America This preamble sets forth goals for the United States. But when? After adoption of the Constitution, nearly 100 years passed before emancipation, and that involved a civil war. It was more than two generations after that before women were allowed to vote. Our history is replete with discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, and gender. Historically, many societies have survived with homogeneity of race, ethnicity, or religion, but never with homogeneity of gender. Because of this one might expect gender based discrimination to be among the first to fall in a democratic society, rather than one of the last. And yet, the 200 year history of our high court boasts of only two female justices. Only a small percentage of the Congress are female and there has never been a female president or vice- president. England has had its Margaret Thatcher, Israel its Golda Meir, and India its Indra Ghandi. The American Democracy has certainly missed the opportunity to lead the world in gender equality in leadership, and without that how can we expect to see gender equality in society? There will never be complete equality until women themselves help to make the laws and elect lawmakers. -
Edmund S. Muskie Papers Tape No. Description
Edmund S. Muskie Papers Page 1 of 139 Container List for Series XVII.A Sound Recordings: Cassette Tapes Tape No. Description SC1 [Remarks at reception] Length: 10 min. 21 sec. Location: Saint Louis, Missouri. Date: September 10, 1968. Content: ESM remarks at mayor's home on 1968 election campaign. Audio quality: good. SC2 [Speech] Length: 42 min. 3 sec. Date: December 1968. Content: ESM on nemployment and labor concerns, inflation, cost of living, "working people in Me." Audio quality: good. SC3 [Speech] Length: 28 min. 57 sec. Date: January 30, 1969 Content: ESM on “Consumer Assembly." Audio quality: excellent. SC4 [Speech] Length: 24 min. 21 sec. Date: February 19, 1969. Content: ESM speaks before women's group on federal spending, priorities, anti-ballistic missiles, education, school lunch. Audio quality: good. SC5 [Press conference] Length: 5 min. 2 sec. Date: February 19, 1969. Content: Part of ESM press conference with Japanese officials, United States-Pacific Rim relations, arms race, anti-ballistic missile development, U.S-Soviet relations, pollution. Audio quality: good. SC6 [Question and answer session] Length: 58 min. 53 sec. Location: Cleveland Park, Ohio. Date: April 15, 1969. Content: ESM on urban problems with question and answer session, antiballistic missiles. Audio quality: excellent. SC7 [Speech] Length: 8 min. 58 sec. Location: Cleveland High School, Cleveland, Ohio. Date: 1969. Content: ESM on education. Audio quality: poor. SC8 [Interview with Ted Lippman] Length: 35 min. 58 sec. Date: April 24, 1970. Content: ESM on 1972 campaign plans, activities since 1968 election. Audio quality: poor. SC9 [Press conference] Length: 9 min. 59 sec. -
Examining the Civil-Military Divide Through New (Institutional) Lenses: the Influence of the Supreme Court
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses November 2016 Examining the Civil-Military Divide Through New (Institutional) Lenses: The Influence of the Supreme Court Allen Linken University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the American Politics Commons, Courts Commons, Military and Veterans Studies Commons, Military, War, and Peace Commons, Other Legal Studies Commons, Public Law and Legal Theory Commons, and the Supreme Court of the United States Commons Recommended Citation Linken, Allen, "Examining the Civil-Military Divide Through New (Institutional) Lenses: The Influence of the Supreme Court" (2016). Doctoral Dissertations. 759. https://doi.org/10.7275/8980257.0 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/759 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EXAMINING THE CIVIL-MILITARY DIVIDE THROUGH NEW (INSTITUTIONAL) LENSES: THE INFLUENCE OF THE SUPREME COURT A Dissertation Presented by ALLEN E. LINKEN Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY September 2016 Political Science © Copyright by Allen E. Linken 2016 All Rights Reserved EXAMINING THE CIVIL-MILITARY DIVIDE THROUGH NEW (INSTITUTIONAL) LENSES: THE INFLUENCE OF THE SUPREME COURT A Dissertation Presented by ALLEN E. LINKEN Approved as to style and content by: ________________________________ John Brigham, Chair ________________________________ Jane E. -
ELECTION SHOWS NO MAJOR TREND Duffy of Connecticut
Hartke holds slim edge Two of the contests that are vote margin. With 80% of the In the 3rd district of Inc.ia ta of special interest to the Notre vote reported, Vance Hartke had which includes South Bend, Dame campus are the Senatorial received 772,000 votes to John Brademas won an easy vic election between Vance Hartke Roudebushes 768,000 votes. tory over Donald Newman. and Richard Roudebush and the None of the networks had Brademas was projected to win Congressional race between John projected a winner at this lime by approximately 20,000 votes. Brademas and Donald Newman. and all of them believed that the This area is traditionally demo cratic and the Brademas victory Indiana is the scene of one of winner could not be declared un was expected. the closest of the Senate races. til the early morning. In it, Democratic incumbent Evidently the candidates lelt The Democrats swept all of Vance Hartke is battling Rep the same way Hirtke went to St. Joseph County. Among the resentative Richard Roudebush. bed at 1 a.m. and will not make casualties was former Notre The vote promises to go down to a statement until morning. Dame security chief Elmer Sokol the wire. Roudebush announced that he who was defeated in his bid for At 2 a.m. the two candidates re-election to the office of Coun will have nothing to say until the Sucessfully re-elected Congressman John Brademas were separated by only a 4000 morning. ty Sheriff. Vol. V., No. 40 THE Serving the Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College CommunityOBSERWednesday, November 4, 1970 ELECTION SHOWS NO MAJOR TREND Duffy of Connecticut. -
Martin Van Buren National Historic Site
M ARTIN VAN BUREN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY, 1974-2006 SUZANNE JULIN NATIONAL PARK SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NORTHEAST REGION HISTORY PROGRAM JULY 2011 i Cover Illustration: Exterior Restoration of Lindenwald, c. 1980. Source: Martin Van Buren National Historic Site ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 Chapter One: Recognizing Lindenwald: The Establishment Of Martin Van Buren National Historic Site 5 Chapter Two: Toward 1982: The Race To The Van Buren Bicentennial 27 Chapter Three: Saving Lindenwald: Restoration, Preservation, Collections, and Planning, 1982-1987 55 Chapter Four: Finding Space: Facilities And Boundaries, 1982-1991 73 Chapter Five: Interpreting Martin Van Buren And Lindenwald, 1980-2000 93 Chapter Six: Finding Compromises: New Facilities And The Protection of Lindenwald, 1992-2006 111 Chapter Seven: New Possibilities: Planning, Interpretation and Boundary Expansion 2000-2006 127 Conclusion: Martin Van Buren National Historic Site Administrative History 143 Appendixes: Appendix A: Martin Van Buren National Historic Site Visitation, 1977-2005 145 Appendix B: Martin Van Buren National Historic Site Staffi ng 147 Appendix C: Martin Van Buren National Historic Site Studies, Reports, And Planning Documents 1936-2006 151 Bibliography 153 Index 159 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1.1. Location of MAVA on Route 9H in Kinderhook, NY Figure 1.2. Portrait of the young Martin Van Buren by Henry Inman, circa 1840 Library of Congress Figure 1.3. Photograph of the elderly Martin Van Buren, between 1840 and 1862 Library of Congress Figure 1.4. James Leath and John Watson of the Columbia County Historical Society Photograph MAVA Collection Figure 2.1. -
Synopsis of American Political Parties
Synopsis of American Political Parties FEDERALISTS DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS Favored strong central gov't emphasized states' rights Social order & stability important Stressed civil liberties & public trust "True patriots vs. the subversive rabble" "Rule of all people vs. the favored few" "Loose" constructionists "Strict" constructionists Promoted business & manufacturing Encouraged agrarian society Favored close ties with Britain Admired the French Strongest in Northeast Supported in South & West Gazette of the United States (John Fenno) National Gazette (Philip Freneau) Directed by Hamilton (+ Washington) Founded by Jefferson (+ Madison) First Two-Party System: 1780s-1801 During most of George Washington's presidency, no real two-party political system existed. The Constitution made no provision whatever for political parties. While its framers recognized that reasonable disagreement and organized debate were healthy components in a democratic society, creation of permanent factions was an extreme to be avoided. (The consensus among the founding fathers was that political parties were potentially dangerous because they divided society, became dominated by narrow special interests, and placed mere party loyalty above concern for the common welfare.) Hence, to identify Washington with the Federalist Party is an ex post facto distinction. Accordingly, Washington's first "election" is more accurately described as a "placement"; his second election was procedural only. The first presidential challenge whereby the citizenry genuinely expressed choice between candidates affiliated with two separate parties occurred in 1896, when John Adams won the honor of following in Washington's footsteps. The cartoon above shows the infamous brawl in House of Representatives between Democratic-Republican Matthew Lyon of Vermont and Federalist Roger Griswold from Connecticut. -
William R. Willoughby* the ROOSEVELT CAMPOBELLO
William R. Willoughby* THE ROOSEVELT CAMPOBELLO INTERNATIONAL PARK COMMISSrON Although not an event of world-shaking importance, the creation in 1964 of the Roosevelt Campobello International Park most certainly was a significant milestone in the evolutionary growth of Canadian American friendship and goodwill. During the preceding half century numerous bridges, monuments and markers along the "unguarded boundary" had been established and dedicated to the peace and friendship ideal. More significantly still, in 1932 two " peace parks" had been cre2.ted: ( 1) the International Peace Garden, on the border between H anitoba and North Dako ta, consisting of 1300 acres on the Canadian side and 900 on the American side and (2) the Waterton Gl acier International Peace Park, between Alberta and Mo ntana, a vast area of 1, l22,481 ac res-140,800 in Canada and 981,681 in the United States. 1 Although the opening o f each of these parks was hailed as a remarkabl ~ demonstration of amity and friendship- which indeed was true- neither in reality is an international park. Each country is responsibl! for the administration and financial upkeep of that portion of each p 1rk lying within its own boundaries. In sharp contras t, the Roosevelt Campobello International Park is truly " international" . It is owned by the people of the two countries and is administered in their name by a joint Canadian-American commission. Who fir st had the imaginative thought of converting the former Roosevelt property on Campobello Island into an international park it, obviously, is im possible to say with any certainty. -
Electing Black Mayors
Electing Black Mayors Political Action in the Black Community William E. Nelson, Jr. and Philip J. Meranto $20.00 ELECTING BLACK MAYORS Political Action in the Black Community By William E. Nelson, Jr., and Philip J. Meranto As the black protest movement swept north in the middle years of the 1960s, a major shift was to take place in its basic theme and fundamental direction that transferred emphasis from the familiar exhortation to demand "freedom now" to an equally urgent summons to marshal the formidable, if un tapped, resources of "black power" in the struggle for liberation. This alteration in both informing idea and effective method signified conclusively that blacks, grown angry and frustrated over the slow rate of their social and economic prog ress as an oppressed minority, were finally prepared to realize their potential force in order to exercise a decisive measure of po litical control over their own lives. As a call to action, black power reflected a growing sense of community among blacks, a fresh awareness of shared experience and a common heritage. More importantly, however, it was both a challenge posed by blacks to themselves to gain some increased measure of control over the institutions of that community, and an appeal for black solidarity and concerted political action as the essential means to that end. An increased concentration of blacks in the major cities of the northern and western United States had come about as the direct result of one of the most significant demographic changes to occur in the nation in the twentieth century. -
The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
, THE MISSISSIPPI· FREEDOM DEMOCRATIC PARTY Background InformaUon for SUppoMlve CampaIgns by Campus Groups repal"ed by STEV E MAX PolItical Education Project, Room 3091' 119 FIfth Ave., N .. Y.C. Associated with Students for a Democrattc Society THE MISSISSIPPI FREEDOM DEMOCRATIC PARTY: BACKGROUND AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS by STEVE llJAX The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party was founded April 26, 1964 in order to create an opportunity for meaningful political expres sion for the 438,000 adult Negro Mississippians who traditionally have been denied this right. In addition to being a political instrument, the FDP provides a focus for the coordination of civil rights activity in the state and around the country. Although its memters do not necessarily think in these -terms, the MFDP is the organization above all others whose work is most directly forcing a realignment within the Democratic Party. All individuals and organizations who understand that ' when the Negro is not free, then all are in chains; who realize that the present system of discrimi nation precludes the abolition of poverty, and who have an interest in the destruction of the Dixiecrat-Republican alliance and the purging of the racists from the Democratic Party are potential allies of the MFDP. BACKGROUND INFORMATION The Mississippi Democratic Party runs the state of MisSissippi .with an iron hand. It controls the legislative, executive and judicial be nches of the state government. Prior to the November, 1964 elec tion all 49 state 3enators and all but one of the 122 Representa tives were Democrats. Mississippi sent four Democrats and one Goldwater Republican to Congress last November. -
Bobby L. Rush, Rise of a Black Panther Politican: the Price of Resistance in America
Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations January 2019 Bobby L. Rush, Rise Of A Black Panther Politican: The Price Of Resistance In America Samuel Hogsette Wayne State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the Other History Commons Recommended Citation Hogsette, Samuel, "Bobby L. Rush, Rise Of A Black Panther Politican: The Price Of Resistance In America" (2019). Wayne State University Dissertations. 2284. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/2284 This Open Access Embargo is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. BOBBY L. RUSH RISE OF A BLACK PANTHER POLITICAN: THE LIMITS OF BLACK RESISTANCE IN AMERICA by SAMUEL J HOGSETTE DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University Detroit Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2019 MAJOR: HISTORY Approved By: _____________________________________ Advisor Date ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ DEDICATION This Dissertation is dedicated to several people who have impacted my life in positive ways. In memory of my father Sammie Hogsette who never dreamed such a thing was possible. Black Panthers from Englewood High School Spurgeon “Jake” Winters and Walter “Brother” Johnson who exemplified the spirit of the Panther. Mentor Clyde Williams who helped me realize my full potential. To all the Members of the Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party. Aluta’ Continua. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the many people who assisted me in this project. -
The Historian Preserving & Promoting Neighborhood History
The Historian Preserving & Promoting Neighborhood History Volume 31, No. 1 Winter 2015 Board of Directors Monthly Meetings April 27 June 29 August 31 October 26 December 28 All meetings are held bi-monthly on the last Monday of each even-num- bered month at 7 p.m.at (l-r) Front row: Alderman Debra Silverstein (D) 50; Morrine Sweer, President of NBHOL; Muriel Weinstock, the Society, 1447 W. Morse Secretary of NBHOL; Sid Amdur, treasurer of NBHOL. Rear row: George Milkowski, NBHOL board member. Avenue and are open to all members. Park 557 Renamed North In This Issue Boundary Park By Hank Morris Volunteer Profile page 2 Running north of Touhy Avenue along and is the city limits between Chicago the east side of Kedzie Avenue to Jarvis and Skokie, the organization of home From the President’s Desk Avenue sat the Chicago Park District’s owners had always upheld that Park page 3 Park #557, a 1.6-acre park. For decades #557 served as a gateway to Chicago, the city had owned the property. In 2011, while providing visitors with their “first R.I.P. Bernie Stone, Former 50th the Chicago Park District finally took impression” of their neighborhood. Ward Alderman over the land, calling it Park No. 557. page 4 The North Boundary Home Owners Prior to that time, the strip of land was League first incorporated in 1945. At Rogers Park Launched Chicago’s First Bus Line 98 Years Ago cared for by the North Boundary Home the time, the group’s biggest challenges page 9 Owners League (NBHOL), at its own related to noise and air pollution caused expense. -
Proudly for Brooke: Race-Conscious Campaigning in 1960S Massachusetts --Manuscript Draft
Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics Proudly for Brooke: Race-Conscious Campaigning in 1960s Massachusetts --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: JREP-D-16-00087R1 Full Title: Proudly for Brooke: Race-Conscious Campaigning in 1960s Massachusetts Article Type: Research Article Corresponding Author: Richard Johnson Oxford University Oxford, UNITED KINGDOM Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: Oxford University Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Richard Johnson First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Richard Johnson Order of Authors Secondary Information: Abstract: Scholars have credited the victory of Edward Brooke, America's first popularly elected black United States senator, to a 'deracialised' or 'colour-blind' election strategy in which both the candidate and the electorate ignored racial matters. This article revises this prevailing historical explanation of Brooke's election. Drawing from the historical- ideational paradigm of Desmond King and Rogers Smith, this paper argues that Brooke was much more of a 'race-conscious' candidate than is generally remembered. Primary documents from the 1966 campaign reveal that Brooke spoke openly against racial inequality, arguing in favour of racially targeted policies and calling for stronger racial equality legislation. In addition, this paper argues that Brooke's appeals were not targeted primarily to the state's small black population but to liberal whites. Far from ignoring race, internal campaign documents and interviews with campaign staff reveal that Brooke's campaign strategists sought to appeal to white desires to 'do the right thing' by electing an African American. Internal polling documents from the Brooke campaign and newspaper commentaries further demonstrate that a proportion of the white electorate cited Brooke's race as the reason for supporting his candidacy.