Population and vital statistics Tables 5.1 – 5.3 are based on the estimates of the population Population and of the UK at mid-2008 made by the Registrars General. vital statistics Marital condition (de jure): estimated population This section begins with a summary of population figures for (Table 5.4) the UK and constituent countries for 1851 to 2031 and for This table shows population estimates by marital status. Great Britain from 1801 (Table 5.1). Table 5.2 analyses the components of population change. Table 5.3 gives details of the national sex and age structures for years up to the Geographical distribution of the population present date, with projected figures up to the year 2026. Legal marital condition of the population is shown in Table 5.4. (Table 5.5) The distribution of population at regional and local levels is The population enumerated in the censuses for 1911–1951 summarised in Table 5.5. and the mid-year population estimates for later years are provided for standard regions of the UK, for metropolitan In the main, historical series relate to census information, areas, for broad groupings of local authority districts by while mid-year estimates, which make allowance for under- type within England and Wales and for some of the larger enumeration in the census, are given for the recent past and cities. Projections of future sub-national population levels are the present (from 1961 onwards). prepared from time to time by the Registrar General, but are not shown in this publication. Population (Tables 5.1 M 5.3) Migration into and out of the UK Figures shown in these tables relate to the population (Tables 5.7, 5.9) enumerated at successive censuses (up to 1951), mid-year A migrant is defined as a person who changes his or her estimates (from 1961 to 2008) and population projections (up country of usual residence for a period of at least a year to 2031). Further information can be found on the Office for so that the country of destination effectively becomes the National Statistics (ONS) website at: country of usual residence. www.statistics.gov.uk/popest The main source of international migration data is the Population projections are 2008-based and were published by International Passenger Survey (IPS). This is a continuous ONS on 21 October 2009. Further information can be found voluntary sample survey that provides information on at: www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=8519. passengers entering and leaving the UK by the principal air, sea and tunnel routes. Being a sample survey, the IPS is Definition of resident population subject to some uncertainty; therefore, it should be noted that international migration estimates, in particular the difference The estimated resident population of an area includes all between inflow and outflow, may be subject to large sampling the people who usually live there, whatever their nationality. errors. The IPS excludes routes between the Channel Islands Members of HM and US Armed Forces in England and Wales and Isle of Man and the rest of the world. are included on a residential basis wherever possible. HM Forces stationed outside England and Wales are not included. The IPS data are supplemented with three types of additional Students are taken to be resident at their term-time address. information in order to provide a full picture of total international migration: The projections of the resident population of the UK and constituent countries were prepared by the National Statistics 1. The IPS is based on intentions to migrate and intentions Centre for Demography within ONS, in consultation with are liable to change. Adjustments are made for visitor the Registrars General, as a common framework for use switchers (those who intend to stay in the UK or abroad in national planning in a number of different fields. New for less than one year but subsequently stay for longer projections are made every second year on assumptions and become migrants) and for migrant switchers (those regarding future fertility, mortality and migration which seem who intend to stay in the UK or abroad for one year or most appropriate on the basis of the statistical evidence more but then return earlier so are no longer migrants). available at the time. The population projections in These adjustments are primarily based on IPS data but Population and vital statistics for years prior to 2001 Home Office data on short-term Marriages visitors who were subsequently granted an extension of stay for a year or longer for other reasons have been (Table 5.12) incorporated. The figures in this table relate to marriages solemnised in the 2. Home Office data on applications for asylum and constituent countries of the UK. They take no account of the dependants of asylum seekers entering the UK are used growing trend towards marrying abroad. to estimate inflows of asylum seekers and dependants not already captured by the IPS. In addition, Home Office data Divorces on removals and refusals are used to estimate outflows of failed asylum seekers not identified by the IPS. (Tables 5.13 and 5.14) 3. Migration flows between the UK and the Irish Republic A marriage may be either dissolved, following a petition for are added to these data as the IPS did not cover this route divorce and the granting of a decree absolute, or annulled, until recently and the quality of these data are still being following a petition for nullity and the awarding of a decree of assessed. Migration flows are obtained mainly from the nullity. The first group of decrees are known as dissolutions of Quarterly National Household Survey and are agreed marriage and the second as annulments of marriage. In Table between the Irish Central Statistics Office and ONS. 5.13 the term ‘divorce’ includes both types of decrees. The international migration estimates in Table 5.7 are derived from all these sources and represent total international Births migration. The estimates in Tables 5.8 and 5.9 are based on the IPS only (without the three adjustments outlined above). (Tables 5.15 M 5.17) For Scotland and Northern Ireland the number of births relate Grants for settlement in the UK to those registered during the year. For England and Wales the figures up to and including the period from 1930 to 1932 (Table 5.10) are for those registered, while later figures relate to births This table presents, in geographic regions, the statistics of occurring in each year. individual countries of nationality, arranged alphabetically within each region. The figures are on a different basis from All data for England and Wales and for Scotland include births those derived from IPS (Tables 5.8 and 5.9) and relate only occurring in those countries to mothers not usually resident to people subject to immigration control. Persons granted in them. Data for Northern Ireland, and hence the UK, prior settlement are allowed to stay indefinitely in the UK. They to 1981 include births occurring in Northern Ireland to non- exclude temporary migrants such as students and generally resident mothers; from 1981 such births are excluded. relate only to non-EEA nationals. Settlement can occur several years after entry to the country. Deaths Applications received for asylum in the United (Tables 5.19 and 5.21) Kingdom, excluding dependants The figures relate to the number of deaths registered during (Table 5.11) each calendar year. This table shows statistics of applications for asylum in the Infant and maternal mortality UK. Figures are shown for the main applicant nationalities by geographic region. The basis of assessing asylum applications, (Table 5.20) and hence of deciding whether to grant asylum in the UK, is the 1951 United Nations Convention on Refugees. On 1 October 1992 the legal definition of a stillbirth was altered from a baby born dead after 28 completed weeks gestation or more to one born after 24 completed weeks of gestation or more. The 258 stillbirths of 24 to 27 weeks gestation that occurred between 1 October and 31 December 1992 are excluded from this table. Population and vital statistics Life tables (Table 5.22) The current set of interim life tables are constructed from the estimated population in the period from 2004 to 2006 and corresponding data on births, infant deaths and deaths by individual age occurring in those years. The estimates used in these interim life tables are the estimates, or revised estimates, issued on the following dates: Mid-year England Wales Scotland Northern population Ireland estimates 2004 August August July July 2007 2007 2007 2005 2005 August August July October 2007 2007 2007 2006 2006 August August July July 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 August August July July 2008 2008 2008 2008 Adoptions (Tables 5.23) The figures shown within these tables relate to the date the adoption was entered in the Adopted Children Register. Figures based on the date of the court order are available for England and Wales in the volume Marriage, divorce and adoption statistics 2007 (no. 35 in the FM2 series) available on the ONS website at: www.ons.gov.uk or from the enquiry point in the ONS shown at the foot of the tables. Population and vital statistics 5.1 Population summary: by countr y and sex Thousands United Kingdom England and Wales Wales Scotland Nor thern Ireland Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Enumerated population: Census figures 1801 .. .. .. 8 893 4255 4638 587 1 608 739 869 .. .. .. 1851 22 259 10855 11404 17928 8781 9 146 1 163 2 889 1376 1 513 1442 698 745 1901 38 237 18 492 19 745 32 528 15 729