Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

Telling the Story of Partners Involved in more than 110 Cases of South-South and Triangular Cooperation

South-south.indd 1 19/03/2010 04:20:46 p.m. South-south.indd 2 19/03/2010 04:20:46 p.m. Contents

Foreword 5

The Task Team on South-South Cooperation at a Glance 7 1. What Is The Task Team On South-South Cooperation? 7 2. Why Does Ssc Matter In The Context Of Aid Effectiveness? 7 3. TT-SSC: A Six-Month Journey 8

South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness Telling the story of partners in 110 cases of South-South and triangular cooperation 9 1. Executive Summary: Boosting South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 9 2. South-South cooperation in practice: The case story process 10 3. Meeting the triple mandate of the AAA 12

Acronyms 35

Case stories Overview 37 Africa 37 Asia Pacific 38 Latin America and the Caribbean 38 Global 39 Asia Pacific 53 Latin America and the Caribbean 64 Global Cooperation 87

Contenst 3

South-south.indd 3 19/03/2010 04:20:46 p.m. Credits 89

Concept Note Implementing Accra: South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 91 Executive summary 91 1. Purpose 92 2. Background 93 3. Understanding SSC in the context of aid effectiveness 93 4. Hypotheses: Unpacking the Accra mandate 95 5. Actors and platforms: Toward partnerships and complementarities 96 Acronyms 98

Anexos 99 Annex 1 Analytical work of the TT-SSC—The way to Seoul 2011 99 Annex 2 SSC in the context of aid effectiveness: Hypotheses emerging from the AAA 100 Annex 3 Preliminary bibliography 104

4 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 4 19/03/2010 04:20:46 p.m. Foreword

On March 2009, the Government of Colombia Addis Ababa, Bogotá, Brussels, Mexico City, Pre- presented a proposal to the Working Party on Aid toria, Seoul, and Washington, DC, reflecting on Effectiveness (WP-EFF) of the Development Assis- how South-South cooperation can be embedded in tance Committee of the Organisation for Economic the evolving effectiveness agenda. Regional plat- Co-operation and Development (OECD-DAC) for forms have engaged with the TT-SSC, such as New the creation of a Southern-led platform to map the Partnership for Africa’s Development in Africa, the synergies between South-South cooperation and Asian Development Bank in Asia-Pacific, and the aid effectiveness and to identify good practices. Inter-American Development Bank, and the Orga- Resulting from the strong support received by nization of American States in Latin America and many partners, especially the middle-income coun- the Caribbean. At the global level, the World Bank tries, the Task Team on South-South Cooperation Institute supports our efforts and a global core (TT-SSC) was endorsed by the WP-EFF. team is guiding us through the analytical, policy, What followed were months of building a and communication work. framework, including identifying and engaging Importantly, the TT-SSC has also become a vital key people and gathering resources, which then place to discuss our role as partner countries in allowed us to launch the TT-SSC in September building a Southern agenda that could contribute 2009 with the participation of more than seventy more inclusive and effective development architec- representatives from partner countries, multilat- ture. Together with other global platforms, such eral institutions, donors, and civil society organi- as the UN Development Cooperation Forum at zations all over the world. the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), our Today, only six months after its launch, the TT- common vision is that it is high time for the devel- SSC has proved to be an extremely vibrant and oping world to not only influence, but actually vivid platform for representatives of a changing, shape global development policies. proactive, and innovative developing world. In this What you hold in your hands is a direct con- short period of time, TT-SSC members have met in sequence of the TT-SSC’s desire to map Southern

Foreword 5

South-south.indd 5 19/03/2010 04:20:46 p.m. practices and experiences in order to build evi- And this is only a starting point. As planned, the dences for global policy-making. Just in time for TT-SSC is now preparing the next phase. Deeper the High Level Event on South-South Cooperation case studies will help to identify good practices and Capacity Development in Bogotá on March on South-South cooperation in the context of 24–25, 2010, this case story catalogue illustrates aid effectiveness, which will in turn inform the the enormous energy that developing countries High-Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Seoul and other partners are investing in showing the in late 2011. We have clearly heard the message reality of South-South cooperation and its poten- of developing countries that, despite all restraints tial to move ahead toward more inclusive and in time and resources, have contributed their rich effective development partnerships. and diverse experiences. The message is that a In the following pages, you will be able to take South-South learning and knowledge exchange is a glance at the TT-SSC’s work and read the main to become a core element of the evolving global messages emerging from 110 case stories involving development architecture. practitioner and cooperation officials from 133 countries, as well as 10 multilateral organizations, 4 civil society organizations, and 3 parliamentary Enrique Maruri Londoño bodies from all over the world, and revise over- Chair, TT-SSC views of all case stories. Bogotá, March 12, 2010

6 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 6 19/03/2010 04:20:46 p.m. The Task Team on South-South Cooperation at a Glance

1. WHAT IS THE TASK TEAM ON perspectives in the evolving global aid architecture. SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION? The TT-SSC is contributing to global policy-making, leading up to the Fourth High Level Forum on The Task Team on South-South Cooperation (TT- Aid Effectiveness, to be held in Korea in 2011, and SSC) brings together partner countries, especially other influential fora and platforms. middle-income countries, donors, civil society, academia, and regional and multilateral agencies under a common objective of mapping, document- 2. WHY DOES SSC MATTER IN THE ing, analyzing, and discussing evidence on the CONTEXT OF AID EFFECTIVENESS? synergies between the principles of aid effectiveness and the practices of South-South Cooperation In the ever-changing global development gover- (SSC). nance, SSC entails diverse forms of cooperation Derived from the Accra Agenda for Action’s among developing countries. In this context, the commitment to inclusive partnerships, the TT- TT-SSC focuses on documenting, analyzing, and SSC is a Southern-led platform hosted by the discussing practices of SSC and their synergies Working Party on Aid Effectiveness (WP-EFF) with the aid effectiveness agenda, particularly at the Development Assistance Committee of addressing a “threefold mandate” emerging from the Organization for Economic Cooperation the Accra Agenda for Action (article 19): and Development (OECD-DAC). The TT-SSC is chaired by Colombia, with active support from • Adapting the Paris Declaration and Accra the World Bank Institute and regional plat- Agenda for Action principles for SSC (AAA forms in Asia, Africa, and Latin America and the art. 19a); Caribbean. • Enriching the effectiveness agenda with the The TT-SSC’s activities search to contribute to practices and experiences of SSC (AAA art. defining the role of partner countries and Southern 19b);

The Task Team on South-South Cooperation at a Glance 7

South-south.indd 7 19/03/2010 04:20:46 p.m. • Identifying complementarities between SSC organization of the Bogotá High Level Event on and North-South cooperation (AAA art. South-South Cooperation and Capacity Develop- 19e). ment. Providing cases and recommendations from the different regions allows ensuring a diverse The TT’s analytical work focuses on the prac- and broad spectrum of perspectives in which to tices of technical cooperation, in particular those ground an event that is inclusive and representa- led by middle-income countries, as both providers tive of Southern actors. The next step in the TT’s and recipients of development assistance. At the journey is to deepen the consolidation of dialogue global level, the TT-SSC aims to contribute to the and articulation mechanisms among the regional evolving global effectiveness agenda by boosting platforms and other SSC platforms. horizontal partnerships and peer learning, making technical cooperation more useful, promoting Generating an analytical work based on Southern expertise, and contributing to developing collected case stories capacities. The core of the TT-SSC’s activity is building an Being a young but vibrant platform, the TT-SSC evidence base for mapping South-South Coopera- has identified key aspects to guarantee the qual- tion practices in the context of aid effectiveness. ity of its analytical work as a real learning process From late November 2009 to January 2010, there and not just a marketing exercise of South-South was an open call for case stories on experiences Cooperation. In this sense, identifying not only that address South-South or triangular technical what works, but also those aspects that do not cooperation among two or more governments or work so well in SSC practices has emerged as a crit- organizations. ical challenge to ensure straightforward messages. After nine weeks, 110 cases involving 133 countries were submitted. These cases involved a wide range of topics, budgets, institutional engage- 3. TT-SSC: A SIX-MONTH JOURNEY ments, and regional and interregional connec- tions. Even though this is only a first step in the During its first six months of work, the TT-SSC collection of experiences and analytical work, the has focused its attention on two main aspects: wide response from countries and organizations strengthening regional platforms and collecting involved in South-South and triangular coop- and analyzing South-South cooperation cases sto- eration demonstrates the relevance of the TT’s ries within the framework of aid effectiveness. undertaking. These cases and their analysis by the TT-SSC are essential inputs for the evidence-based Strengthening regional platforms approach that will give ground to the discussions The support of New Partnership for Africa’s Devel- at the Bogotá High Level Event. The next step in opment in Africa, Asian Development Bank in this direction is to deepen the learning process and Asia-Pacific, and the Inter-American Development to take the step forward from case stories to case Bank, and the Organization of American States in studies, which may provide better evidence for Latin America and the Caribbean has been crucial policy recommendations. to inform and involve countries and organizations from all three regions in the call for case stories and the organization of the TT’s regional meet- The synthesis report of the cases and all the cases ings with the aim to generate and share regional can be consulted at www.southsouthcases.info. perspectives. For further information and feedback on the The work promoted by these platforms has TT-SSC, please contact the TT-SSC core team at been substantial for the inputs of the TT-SSC in the [email protected].

8 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 8 19/03/2010 04:20:46 p.m. South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness Telling the story of partners in 110 cases of South-South and triangular cooperation

Non-reviewed first draft (March 12, 2010)

Disclaimer: This document is a first draft of the summary report on 110 case stories presented to the Task Team on South-South Cooperation between December 22, 2009, and February 25, 2010. It intends to serve as an input to the discussions at the High Level Event on South-South Cooperation and Capacity Development in Bogotá on March 24–25, 2010. Due to time constraints, this version has not undergone peer review and thus should not be treated as a final draft. Peer reviews will be conducted over the next weeks in order to obtain a consolidated version.

Nils-Sjard Schulz Policy advisor to the Task Team on South-South Cooperation

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: BOOSTING only an early exploration of the enormous diver- SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION IN sity and strength of the contents and messages that THE CONTEXT OF AID individuals in ministries, agencies, academia, civil EFFECTIVENESS society and parliamentary organizations contributed to the process of the TT-SSC. In less than three months, dozens of countries and From this vibrant process, the following key organizations drafted and discussed 110 case sto- messages have emerged. ries in which they shared their experiences and Adapting the aid effectiveness principles to practices on South-South cooperation in the con- South-South cooperation is a challenge welcomed text of aid effectiveness. This summary report is by almost all case storytellers. Ownership (and

South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 9

South-south.indd 9 19/03/2010 04:20:46 p.m. its democratic quality) seems to be one of the Identifying complementarities between South- strengths, together with the use of specific compar- South and North-South cooperation is not diffi- ative advantages, especially in difficult contexts. cult in face of the increasing interest of traditional Three main tasks are pending for actors involved donors to become “emerging triangulators”, on in South-South learning and knowledge exchange: the one hand, and the growing family of mechanisms, on the other. However, bringing diverse • Information systems need to be boosted in development actors together refers to very recent order to generate quantitative and quali- processes, reflecting also the new need for innova- tative data for measuring, assessing, and tive collective action between different actors: accounting for the inputs in a transparent, regular, and timely way; • Triangular cooperation appears as a still • Sound result management may enable actors recent gangway with great potential for hor- to show the scope, relevance, and impact izontal partnership and win-win-win situa- of South-South knowledge exchange and tions. Learning from existing risks, such as learning; transaction costs and fragile recipient own- • Mutual accountability is closely related ership, should ultimately lead to stronger to the previous two tasks and needs to be foundations for triangular efforts; attended more consistently in the future, • Several mechanisms for promoting South- especially at the country level. South cooperation are available and it is Enriching the aid effectiveness agenda with the now time to build an architecture connect- practices and experiences of South-South coopera- ing national, regional, and global platforms tion will continue to be on the top of the agenda of where innovation, lessons, experiences, and those developing countries that desire to contrib- forms of coordination can be captured and ute clear-cut contents to global development poli- systematized. cies. Regional platforms have a critical role to play to facilitate these contributions. Three main pillars can be used for deepening the agenda toward the 2. SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION IN Seoul HLF in 2011: PRACTICE: THE CASE STORY PROCESS

• Horizontal partnership is a key element for In the midst of a multifaceted global crisis, policy- mutual learning among diverse development makers and practitioners in the developing world actors and is based on trust, mutual benefit, and their partners share a perception: South-South and equity; learning and knowledge exchange is a powerful • Efficiency in South-South knowledge tool to assess development challenges and find exchange appears to outbid traditional tech- paths to address them from within. There is a sense nical cooperation, using not only cheaper, that, beyond conventional North-South transfer of but also more adapted human resources. expertise and technologies, developing countries’ Yet, this thesis needs to be backed with skills and solutions can be extremely relevant to accurate research on inputs and impacts; their peers and partners. • Incentives for policy and institutional Drawing on a wide range of experiences, this reform are at the heart of South-South report confirms that this perception corresponds dynamics, especially in difficult contexts. to an encouraging and vibrant reality. Indeed, Deeper analysis should explore the role of developing countries are becoming providers and South-South incentives as a powerful tool contributors to development and, in particular, for policy and institutional change and to capacity development. As we will see in the capacity development. following pages, Southern officials and experts are

10 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 10 19/03/2010 04:20:46 p.m. exchanging knowledge in an impressive array of launched in late November 2009 a call for case policy and institutional areas, including climate stories looking into South-South technical coop- change, public sector reform, and epidemics control. eration in the context of aid effectiveness. In par- Adapted development tools are being designed by ticular, partner countries, but also donors and and spread throughout the developing world, such non-governmental actors were invited to share as conditional cash transfers, demobilization and their experiences replying to simple, yet concise reintegration strategies, public debt management, questions of a preestablished template. The TT- earthquake-resistant housing, aviation security, SSC members were very explicit in their desire to and vaccines production. reflect on what works and what does not work, The global development community has already engaging therefore in deeper reflections on South- acknowledged that this form of cooperation can be South cooperation as a historic modality that suf- of immense value for fighting poverty and achieving fers from a persistent lack of systematization. A the Millennium Development Goals. In September specific focus was given to the need to generate 2008, ministers and heads from more than 125 substantial inputs to the High Level Event (HLE) countries and 30 institutions gathered in Accra on South-South Cooperation and Capacity Devel- in order to deepen the aid effectiveness agenda, opment in Bogotá on March 24–25, 2010. In the boosted by the Paris Declaration in 2005. As a result, medium run, also the next High Level Forum the Accra Agenda for Action (AAA) encourages all (HLF) on Aid Effectiveness, to be held in Seoul in development actors, including providers of South- late 2011, is on the horizon of the TT-SSC. South cooperation, to build more effective and Regional platforms engaged with the TT-SSC inclusive partnerships for development. in order to anchor the analytical work, includ- This strong mandate of embedding South-South ing the New Partnership for Africa’s Develop- cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness ment (NEPAD) in Africa, the Asian Development inspired the launch of the Task Team on South- Bank (AsDB) in Asia-Pacific, the Inter-American South Cooperation (TT-SSC) in mid-September Development Bank (IDB), and the Organization 2009. Over seventy representatives from devel- of American States (OAS) in Latin America and oping countries, donors, multilateral institutions, the Caribbean (LAC). At the global level, support academia, and civil society organizations agreed to was given by the World Bank Institute and a global engage in the mapping and analysis of evidences core team, including communication and policy on the synergies between the aid effectiveness advisors. principles and the practice of South-South coop- The response from countries and organizations eration. In the Washington meeting, a conceptual has been overwhelming. Beyond any expectations, framework was endorsed addressing three main 110 case stories were presented in only nine weeks, dynamics of the Accra mandate (for more details, two of which corresponded to the 2009 Christmas see the concept note in Annex 1): break. The showcased experiences involve 133 countries from all regions, as well as 10 multilat- • Adapting the aid effectiveness principles to eral organizations, 4 civil society organizations, South-South cooperation; and 3 parliamentary bodies. Case story drafts were • Enriching the aid effectiveness agenda with discussed at meetings in Addis Ababa, Bogotá, the practices and experiences of South- Brussels, Mexico City, Pretoria, Seoul, and Wash- South cooperation; ington, DC. It is likely to be the broadest and most • Identifying complementarities between participative universe of country-led experiences South-South and North-South cooperation. ever created in both South-South cooperation and aid effectiveness. Recognizing the huge need for documenting In the next pages, we will explore in detail how and understanding these dynamics, the TT-SSC these two areas are linked to each other and can

South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 11

South-south.indd 11 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. create synergies between two often still discon- which referred to a clearly defined niche: nected worlds of development cooperation. As South-South technical cooperation and such, the experience of collecting and discussing capacity development in the context of aid case stories entails some key messages that are of effectiveness. high relevance in the shifting global development • Learning is decisive for the current development architecture: agenda, but needs a proper architecture. Instead of subcontracting the analytical • Sharing practice and experiences on South- work, the TT-SSC has created in only six South cooperation and aid effectiveness is a months an ad hoc learning architecture for key priority for many developing countries. enabling developing countries to contribute Even developing countries with very limited experiences from within. Using existing capacities and almost no voice at the inter- capacities in the countries, this involves just- national level have engaged in the process. in-time assistance, detailed feedback on early This impressive demand for sharing South- drafts, face-to-face discussions, immediate ern perspectives should inspire policy-mak- online dissemination, and direct support ers and practitioners to continue mapping to country-led drafting processes. It is now and analyzing country-led experiences. time to consolidate this learning architecture • Regional networks are an essential factor connecting both global and regional levels. for success in generating Southern perspectives. The experience of the TT-SSC shows that regional platforms, despite all resource 3. MEETING THE TRIPLE MANDATE OF shortages, are able to mobilize peers and THE AAA partners almost immediately, act as brokers for regional perspectives, and create an The 2008 High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness enabling environment for horizontal coop- in Accra constituted a milestone in global devel- eration, that is, a context in which develop- opment policies by deepening partnerships among ing countries feel comfortable. the developed, the developing, and those that are • Southern-led experiences and evidence in between. As one of its three pillars, the Accra should feed into policy-making on global Agenda for Action (AAA) bids for inclusive and development policies. From the start, the effective development partnerships, regarding TT-SSC stressed that the case stories will both nontraditional actors (such as middle-income inform the policy-making process on South- countries, global funds, and private foundations) South cooperation and aid effectiveness, in and emerging modalities (such as South-South and particular during the Bogotá HLE and the triangular cooperation). This inclusiveness aims Seoul HLF. This created strong incentives to “harness the energy, skills, and experience of for a broad range of countries and organiza- all development actors,” especially for boosting tions to engage in the case story process. capacity development in the developing world. • A sound conceptual framework for easy-to- Paragraph 19 of the AAA includes South-South use tools. Good-quality, yet broadly shared cooperation and embeds this modality in the con- analytical work have been generated in a text of aid effectiveness. very short period of time. This success is Launched twelve months after the Accra HLF, built on easy-to-use methodologies (that is, the Task Team on South-South Cooperation (TT- the case story template with key questions), SSC) committed to implement paragraph 19 of the which case story tellers found useful. At the AAA. A conceptual approach was endorsed by the same time, these tools informed directly TT-SSC (see concept note in Annex 1) that high- the conceptual framework of the TT-SSC, lights the following triple mandate:

12 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 12 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. • Adapting the aid effectiveness principles to and which challenges are still ahead. The second South-South cooperation: “We encourage section explores how the experiences of South- all development actors, including those South cooperation can enrich the aid effective- engaged in South-South cooperation, to ness agenda. Issues such as horizontal partnership use the Paris Declaration principles as a and regional solutions will be assessed against the point of reference in providing development showcased practice. Finally, some reflections will cooperation” (AAA para. 19a); address the third mandate with a look into the • Enriching the aid effectiveness agenda with possible complementarities and bridges between the practices and experiences of South- North-South and South-South cooperation. South cooperation: We acknowledge […] Here, triangular cooperation and mechanisms to in particular the role of middle-income promote South-South cooperation are building countries as both providers and recipients interesting gangways between both forms of devel- of aid. We recognize the importance and opment cooperation. particularities of South-South cooperation and acknowledge that we can learn from the 3.1 Adapting the aid effectiveness principles experience of developing countries” (AAA para. 19b); The case stories shed a strong light on the adapt- • Identifying complementarities between ability of the five principles enshrined in the Paris South-South and North-South cooperation: Declaration. In most cases, the submitting coun- “[SSC] plays an important role in interna- tries and organizations considered that these prin- tional development cooperation and is a ciples constitute a useful point of reference. Quite valuable complement to North-South coop- surprisingly, and with only a few exceptions, the eration” (AAA para. 19e). case story tellers offered very detailed reflections on how these principles interact with South- Graphically, the triple mandate of linking South cooperation. Three global lessons can be South-South cooperation and the aid effectiveness extracted. First, the aid effectiveness principles and principles refers to the following interplay: their actual content are widely known, despite the rather abstract high-level debates around these. Second, they constitute a global public good that is Enriching recognized as valuable and relevant. Third, if one wonders how the principles could be implemented Adapting in different contexts and modalities, there is an easy answer: ask those who are actually involved Complementarities in development activities.

The following pages respond to this triple man- The Accra mandate (1) date by exploring how South-South cooperation, in particular South-South technical cooperation, Adapting the aid effectiveness interacts with the context of aid effectiveness. The principles to South-South cooperation first section addresses how the five principles of the Paris Declaration—ownership, alignment, harmo- We encourage all development actors, including those engaged in South-South coopera- nization, managing for development results, and tion, to use the Paris Declaration principles as mutual accountability—can be adapted. The case a point of reference in providing development stories offer insights on how these principles can cooperation (AAA para. 19a). inform the practice of South-South cooperation

South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 13

South-south.indd 13 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. However, room for opening up the range of to be an actual asset of South-South learning and principles is also reclaimed. For example, the knowledge transfer. In this sense, Laos describes Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB) how its Public Administration and Civil Service (LAC-1), reflecting a regional consensus in Latin Authority identified Vietnamese experiences in America and the Caribbean (LAC), stresses that the reforming local administration as especially useful effectiveness South-South cooperation should be for the national reform process (AP-16). The Gua- assessed foremost against its “essential character- temalan Institute for Public Penal Defense spotted istics”: sustainable impact and operational coher- Colombian expertise in quality management which ence with horizontality, consensus, and equity. was then included in its bid for obtaining ISO Other Southern providers, such as Brazil, Cuba, 9001-2000 certification (LAC-39). Also, regional and Nigeria, highlight that they have not ratified platforms emerge from country demand, such the Paris Declaration and would rather emphasize as the Asian-Pacific Capacity Development for guiding principles such as respecting the national Development Effectiveness Facility (CDDE), sup- sovereignty of the partner countries (LAC-43 and ported by AsDB and United Nations Development AFR-16). At any rate, as stated in the Cuban case Program (UNDP), which enables South-South (AFR-20), “non-interference in domestic policies exchange as a trigger for developing capacities for does not in any way limit [the] potential for effec- implementing aid effectiveness (AP-4). Thus, there tive South-South development cooperation.” Some seems to be a consensus that “success in South- also reflect on the relevance of lessons learned in South cooperation is built on ownership, political North-South cooperation for situations in which support, and strong leadership” (AFR-5). the South-South partners do not share the same level of development. For example, the India-Bra- zil–South Africa partnership (IBSA), describing a “The success of this project is due also to clear project fostering food security in Guinea-Bissau political commitments at senior levels in both (AFR-18), explains that the principles were origi- countries and the establishment of specific nally “made in the context of traditional aid rela- objectives, identifying the role of each side” tionships,” but due to their “relative development (AFR-22). compared to poorer nations, (…) they [IBSA countries] must commit themselves to the principles of the Paris Declaration when working in places such Indeed, high-level political support in setting up as Guinea-Bissau.” and implementing South-South technical coopera- The following main messages on how South- tion is a recurrent theme in a large number of case South technical cooperation and capacity develop- stories. Presidents have been particularly proac- ment are adapting the five principles highlighted tive in backing South-South initiatives. In 2002, by the Paris Declaration can be summarized from Vicente Fox (Mexico) and Luis Angel Macchi the case stories. (Paraguay) agreed to promote learning exchange on the Maquila sector (LAC-40). In 2003, Ricardo Lagos from Chile visited the Transmilenio in 3.1.1 Ownership Bogotá, a public bus rapid transit system, which National leadership is a core value of South-South then informed the implemention of the Transan- technical cooperation highlighted in the vast major- tiago in his own capital (LAC-28). India’s prime ity of the case stories. Most experiences supported minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh, was driving the national policies through learning exchange and launch of the development policies exchange responded to a specific demand from the recipient between Chinese and Indian think tanks in 2006 country. This can be confirmed in several recipient- (AP-22). Ministers have been strongly involved in led case stories, indicating that ownership tends boosting South-South cooperation, especially at

14 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 14 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. the regional level, around trade (LAC-3), educa- managing country-level aid information manage- tion (AFR-5), health (LAC-8), labor issues (LAC- ment systems not only supported national own- 4), aviation (AP-6), and public administration ership. It also stimulated an “informed dialogue reform (AFR-3). However, some case stories also between the government and the donors, and an highlight the need to strongly involve the imple- evidence-based decision-making on the allocation menting actors, preferably those “who are in of aid,” for example, in Pakistan, the Central Afri- positions of practical authority to act on the infor- can Republic, and Sri Lanka (AP-3). Similarly, the mation they share” (AP-9) and practitioners and Development Gateway Foundation is facilitating officials with direct responsibilities in day-to-day a wide knowledge sharing and peer learning net- decision-making (LAC-2). work on aid management systems and good prac- Beyond the concrete response to national poli- tices, offering software solutions and training for cies, the experiences also reflect the improvements countries such as Malawi and Tanzania (AFR-2). of national capacities for effective leadership in In the broader context of national policies and development and aid coordination. Sharing similar institutions, a core element of how the Paris Decla- challenges as post-conflict countries, East Timor ration understands ownership, South-South techni- benefitted from Cambodian experiences in setting cal cooperation entails a great potential, especially up a sound aid management system, including an in difficult contexts. In a program coordinated by Official Development Assistance (ODA) database the South African Public Administration Leader- (AP-1). Cuba, Bolivia, El Salvador, Paraguay, and ship and Management Academy (Palama), struc- Uruguay are learning from the cooperation maps, tural capacities for public service delivery are built an online tool for mapping aid flows designed by through peer learning among public sector schools the Colombian agency Acción Social (LAC-2). (Management Development Institutes) at the Capacity development for consistent aid coor- Ministries for Public Administration in Burundi, dination is increasingly boosted by peer-to-peer Rwanda, and Southern Sudan, all countries that learning in Communities of Practices (CoP), for have emerged from violent conflict (AFR-3). Also, example, around Development Assistance Data- supported by the IDB, Public Debt Management bases. In a joint initiative by the UNDP, Inter- Agencies in LAC have engaged in mutual and bot- national Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI), and tom-up institutional capacity building around this Synergy, South-South knowledge exchange on critical policy area (LAC-9).

Changing actors: How to face a key challenge in South-South cooperation

While setting up South-South learning and knowledge exchange often draws on enormous enthusiasm of the involved actors, implementing longer-term activities can face challenges. Frequent changes of decision-makers and officials in the public sectors stand out as a critical factor putting at risk continuity in implementation and accumulation of lessons learned. In many developing countries, electoral cycles imply a complete overhaul of staff working in the government, including its ministries and agencies. As highlighted by CARICOM (LAC-3), Argentina (LAC-31), and Palama (AFR-3), this can cause delays of ongoing projects, also because many initiatives have been designed on a trust basis and rely on strong commitment by the involved individuals. A smart solution is to broaden the ownership toward actors that do not depend on governmental terms of office. For example, the new agency in Uruguay (LAC-20) identified the role of parliaments and media as particularly relevant for policy and institutional continuity.

South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 15

South-south.indd 15 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. Interestingly, South-South learning and knowl- of integration and development” (LAC-6). Other edge exchange not only intends to boost national experiences describe how South-South knowl- capacities for leading aid and development, but edge exchange can speed up gender equality and can actually influence the quality of this owner- women’s political participation at the municipal ship. Democratic ownership has been added in level in Central America, using “learning-roads” Accra to the aid effectiveness agenda, and the methodology (LAC-46). Promoting human rights case stories illustrate that South-South technical appears to be an attractive niche as well, which has cooperation is a vibrant modality in areas such been exploited by university cooperation between as governance and democratic values. As a self- Argentina and Paraguay on the access to justice monitoring system among the twenty-five mem- for vulnerable groups, including land rights (LAC- ber states of the African Union, the African Peer 48). Land tenure, in addition to social services, Review Mechanism (APRM) uses peer pressure to housing, and livelihood, is also a key aspect of the foster accountability, government efficiency, and global network of slum dwellers, reminding pol- good governance as “the necessary direction for icy-makers and development agencies their duties economic prosperity of the continent” (AFR-9). with the urban poor (AP-24). Similarly, South-South parliamentary cooperation Does this mean that ownership can be taken on the reduction of small arms in the Great Lakes for granted in South-South technical cooperation? and Horn of Africa region shows the potential for The case stories indicate that there is a strong deepening democratic ownership, transparency, link between horizontal partnership and up-front and accountability (AFR-28). The role of parlia- involvement of the recipient countries, but this is ments is also strengthened through the transfer of not written in stone. The fact that sometimes it is technology and expertise from the Chilean Senate difficult to achieve the agreed counterpart by the to the Paraguayan Congress, building a web data- recipient (see section 2.1.5.) shows that owner- base on legislative initiatives in Paraguay (LAC- ship is not automatically built into South-South 50). Electoral technical cooperation between dynamics. Three main lessons could be addressed Mexico and Ecuador helped to improve formal in the future. First, if the activity was boosted by democratic procedures and institutional capacities high-level politicians, it often remains difficult to at the Ecuadorian National Council for Elections translate this commitment into actual implemen- before Ecuador’s general elections in April and tation. Second, providers tend to focus on their May 2009 (LAC-26) ownership of the development programs and take a rather general look into the recipient’s leadership. Finally, embedding South-South learning and “Mutual learning was the final outcome of the knowledge exchange in the national planning pro- project that could be highlighted, and which con- cess seems to be the most promising way of ensur- tinues under development regardless of the funding that also smaller-scale activities are responding ing we may collect for our cooperation” (AP-6). to national leadership.

3.1.2 Alignment Also subnational ownership is benefitting from South-South learning and knowledge exchange. Focusing on capacity development and technical The cooperation among forty-five municipalities cooperation, most case stories elaborate on align- in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras helps ing South-South technical cooperation to the recip- to manage regional public goods, such as water, ient’s public policies rather than using national in the Trifinio region (LAC-11). Here, regional public financial management and procurement sys- South-South cooperation has transformed a “zone tems. According to these experiences, policy align- of tensions (no-man’s armed borders) into a zone ment is high. This can be explained with the fact

16 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 16 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. be implemented in an unconditional partnership, “The ability to listen carefully to the needs which is exposed in Cuba’s Integrated Health expressed by the different partners and to antici- Program (AFR-20) and Nigeria’s Technical Aid pate problem areas has been key in minimizing Corps (AFR-16). Similarly, Ecuador supported challenges” (AFR-3). Bolivia’s capacities in controlling dengue without conditions, drawing rather on the developmental proximity, shared interest, peer-to-peer political dialogue, and noninterference as basic guarantees that horizontal intergovernmental cooperation for successful implementation (LAC-25). embeds these initiatives in the policies and plans Focusing mostly on South-South learning and of the corresponding ministries and governmental knowledge exchange, the case stories do not agencies of the recipient country. For instance, the explicitly address alignment to country systems, New Rice for Africa initiative, to promote adapted and information on coordinating technical assis- species of cultivated rice, is implemented as part tance, one of the alignment proxies of the Paris of agriculture national research programs in ten Declaration, is still sketchy. There are indeed African countries (AFR-6). Indonesia’s support to signs of difficulties to ensure this form of- align Uganda’s microfinance sector, including Sharia- ment, especially in regional contexts, where actors based microfinance, is embedded in the Rural Ser- such as IDB found it rather challenging to take vices Finance Program of the Ministry of Finance, into account the distinct country systems in the Planning and Economic Development in Kampala three members of the Trifinio region (LAC-11). In (AFR-8). Finally, Argentina assists Haiti to develop the future, a particularly important issue will be capacities in public expenditures on childhood the coordination of capacity development within corresponds directly to priorities outlined in the broader national programs and a close attention latter’s Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy to the effective use of existing capacity at the coun- (LAC-31). try level. On the other hand, the case stories also illustrate how South-South mutual learning contrib- 3.1.3 Harmonization utes to better quality and usability of partner country systems. Southern-led capacity devel- With an often limited presence of Southern pro- opment around aid management platforms is viders in the recipient country, it seems that their enhancing the possibilities to improve the incen- activities are not yet creating the inherent prob- tives of donors to use country systems (AFR- lems of overlapping donor activities (for exam- 2). Costa Rica’s public financial management is ple, in missions and analytical work), which the learning from Chile’s experiences in the institu- Paris Declaration intends to tackle. According to tional capacity to evaluate budget management the case stories, a reasonable strategy to meet the (LAC-30), and the AsDB-hosted CoP on manag- risk of further fragmentation, especially through ing for development results (MfDR) shares good small-scale capacity development activities, lies in practices on results management in country sys- aligning to national policies and supporting pub- tems (AP-2). lic institutions from within. While South-South Finally, while the Paris Declaration commits learning is a top priority for many recipients, this donors to draw conditions from the national enthusiasm still prevents a deeper look into trans- development plans, the absence of conditionalities action costs generated by South-South technical seems to be of specific relevance for the Southern cooperation. debate. Especially in the African context, the fea- But there are also very interesting signs of tured experiences stress that South-South techni- enhanced harmonization. Several experiences have cal cooperation, as a trust-based modality, can succeeded in bringing together donors around

South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 17

South-south.indd 17 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. comparative advantage. This is reflected in the “Like in Brazil, Viva Rio works from within the support, facilitated by AsDB, of the Phnom Penh neighborhood rather than from without, confront- Water Supply Authority, a lead water utility in ing its ‘outsider status,’ being more spatially and the Asian-Pacific region, to its Vietnamese twin socially connected to ground truths than most around non-revenue water reduction, customer other external actors in the country” (LAC-43). service improvement, and better financial management (AP-9). Also, Egypt’s experience in aquatic weed control in the Nile streams became South-South learning and expertise exchange. The essential for supporting Uganda in cleaning the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development outlets of the Kyoga and Albert lakes and thus Program (CAADP), a NEPAD-led continental ini- contributing to ensuring the fishery sector and tiative aiming to eliminate hunger, reduce poverty, avoiding health risks (AFR-22). Drawing on their and promote economic growth, launched in 2008 successful waste management in poor neigh- a World Bank–hosted Multi-Donor Trust Fund, borhoods, the Brazilian municipalities of Belo to which the European Commission (EC), the Horizonte, Brasilia, Curitiba, and Rio de Janeiro Netherlands and the United States are contribut- helped to shape an inclusive municipal recycling ing (AFR-10). The Plan Trifinio facilitates a double program in Bogotá, Colombia (LAC-43). Chile- harmonization through coordination among three Compra, a lead procurement agency, helped to recipient countries (El Salvador, Guatemala, and reform the procurement system of the Buenos Honduras) to boost the harmonization of several Aires province in Argentina, fostering efficiency, European donors and development banks (LAC- transparency, and, importantly, access by small 6). Knowledge exchange between Morocco and and medium enterprises (LAC-20). Mauritania incentivized closer cooperation of bilateral donor agencies and multilateral development banks in the water and sanitation sector “Despite social, cultural, historic, and economic of the latter country (AFR-26). The Thailand-led differences, Argentina and Haiti share the condi- initiative for improving human resource develop- tion of countries that have experienced important ment in the Mekong region has generated guide- political crises and that suffer a high economic lines for development partners’ participation, and social vulnerability, which strengthens empa- facilitating the coordination of donor members of thy among them, mutual commitment, and the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of consequently ownership of the shared ideas” the OECD (AP-8). These examples already indi- (LAC-31). cate that, when attracting interest and commitment, South-South cooperation can be a strong trigger for harmonization among traditional In sum, the case stories indicate clearly that donors. Mechanisms and platforms seem to play specific comparative advantages are observed as a very important role in this dynamic as well (see constitutive elements, even a raison d’être, for set- section 2.3.2.). ting up and implementing South-South capacity Comparative advantages are another essen- development. However, these initiatives need to be tial dimension of harmonization and its most coordinated, especially when scaling up small-scale advanced form, the division of labor. Almost activities. Also, a deeper look into still uncertain all case stories indicate clear and very specific transaction costs would be useful. The impact of added values on the providing side. In other South-South learning would benefit from the les- words, accumulated expertise is key for being sons learned in harmonization over the last years, useful for peers, and, in general, Southern pro- especially regarding incentives of working hand in viders are very clear about their specific area of hand with other development actors.

18 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 18 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. Databases seem to attract a growing interest by “As a multi-ethnic society, Malaysia offers suc- new development actors (AP-3), cooperation maps cessful development experiences to countries can be adapted to SSC information flows (LAC- experiencing conflict or rebuilding their commu- 2), and agreeing on reporting systems seems to nities after conflict” (AP-11). be a promising way (LAC-1). Overall, while the case stories show that ownership is a key element for South-South learning, operational challenges need to be tackled in order to use this modality for effective capacity development from within. It is, 3.1.4 Managing for Development Results (MfDR) above all, a capacity problem at the provider end, which does not reveal the full scope, relevance, and Applying the practices and standards of manag- impact of South-South technical cooperation. ing for development results still poses challenges However, the case stories also depict the invest- to South-South technical cooperation, especially ments in MfDR capacities at the recipient country to small-scale capacity development activities. level. Both the African and the Asian-Pacific CoP Methodologies highlighted in the recollected expe- on MfDR are very strongly committed to good riences include the logframe approach (AFR-3, practices and peer-to-peer learning as a tool to LAC-18, LAC-21), surveys and feedback from build strong country systems capable of measuring participants (AFR-1, AFR-2, AP-2), or strength- development results and informing public policies. ening communities to measure the results in their Data collection and analysis for policy design and immediate context (AP-23). Outputs are clearly implementation is pursued in several experiences. identified, but due to the lack of evaluation prac- For example, a regional system of standardized cit- tices it remains difficult to assess impact. As a izen security and social violence indicators informs proxy for many other cases, this is reflected in the policy-makers in Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador-Bolivia cooperation on dengue control, Honduras, and other countries (LAC-10). Trans- which took place in a dengue emergency affect- ferring easy-to-use research methodologies, the ing 7,000 people. The storytellers identified the India-based ASER Centre and the East African civil urgent need to “include mechanisms for managing service organization Uwezo build local capacity for results able to show the effectiveness of sharing for assessing results of education policies in Kenya, knowledge, in particular for avoiding deaths and Tanzania, and Uganda. The surveys strive to feed vector transmission” (LAC-25). Thus, evident suc- into education reforms and to create informed, cess, palpable in all case stories submitted, needs homegrown, “bottom-up pressure” to effectively to become more visible in the future. Similar chal- improve education systems (AP-23). These exam- lenges exist in some triangular experiences, where ples indicate that there is a continued demand for pilot initiatives such as the collaboration of Japan, MfDR in the partner countries, which South-South Brazil, and Angola fail to integrate a results focus. learning can support through sharing and exchang- The reasons: “Lack of time, experience, and exper- ing practices, methodologies, and approaches. tise when three countries formulate [a] triangular Over the next years and looking into the 2015 cooperation project” (AFR-15). deadline for the Millennium Development Goals, Most countries still struggle with building MfDR will remain critical for justifying develop- monitoring and evaluating (M&E) systems and ment efforts in general. Adapted methodologies generating transparent, regular, and timely infor- to assess impact need to be developed for South- mation. Learning how to be an effective Southern South learning and knowledge exchange. Results provider is still incipient, although opportunities and impact also need to be communicated in a are emerging, in particular in the realm of infor- more straightforward way to citizens in the devel- mation management, reporting, and transparency. oping world.

South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 19

South-south.indd 19 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. 3.1.5 Mutual accountability contributions (in the form of infrastructural facilities) are overdue. On the other hand, the agree- Being at the heart of development partnership, ment did not include any mechanism to hold the the mutual accountability on each other’s com- provider, TCIL, accountable for the quality and mitments has found a fertile ground in the fea- timeliness of its services and products (AFR-23). tured experiences. The regional experiences are While evolving South-South development part- especially strong in creating peer pressure around nerships are growing more complex and ambitious, sensitive policy areas. The APRM, which enables learning from mutual accountability frameworks African countries to engage in peer reviewing each will become more relevant in the near future. If other on the progress in good governance and horizontal cooperation (see below) is to be taken accountability (AFR-10), is an enlightening exam- serious, meeting mutual commitments should be ple. Likewise, the joint effort of ten Pacific islands, at the heart of South-South learning. In particular, supported by AsDB, around aviation safety is incentives and accountability should be addressed based on “mutual oversight and enforcement in the process of creating and strengthening pro- of national compliance with safety and security vider agencies in the South. standards in the aviation sector,” with important changes in the behavior of individual countries (AP-7). Reinforcing parliamentary oversight over 3.2 Enriching the aid effectiveness agenda development policies through networking and Within a mutual learning between South-South experience exchange, national parliaments in the cooperation and the aid effectiveness agenda, Great Lakes and Horn of Africa region are press- countries and organizations involved in South- ing for more accountability and transparency of South technical cooperation feel that there is both government and donors, opening up critical much to contribute to the evolving global develop- democratic policy space (AFR-28). ment policies. Acknowledging that lessons learned But a deep look into the universe of South- by traditional donors can help to improve the South experiences also gives insights on the limi- impact of South-South cooperation, there are also tations of mutual accountability. Often, these are many opportunities to enrich the aid effectiveness related to a rather sporadic country presence and agenda with the experiences and practices, espe- scarce institutional capacities of Southern provider cially of middle-income countries as both provid- agencies. Goodwill from both sides does not nec- ers and recipients of aid. essarily mean that mutual commitments are met. Therefore, enriching this agenda constitutes For instance, Uganda was delayed in living up to also a starting point for partner countries from all its pledge to ensure tax exemptions for Egyptian over the world to engage with a practice-oriented products and services that were helping to fight the and evidence-based approach in the discussions rise of aquatic weed in its lakes (AFR-22). The col- on how to achieve better development results. The laboration between the African Union and Indian case stories include a rich menu of proposals of Technical and Economic Cooperation (TCIL), Southern contributions to the evolving partnership intended to create a Pan-African satellite-run paradigm, in particular with a look into the next e-network, faces challenges because some African High Level Event, to be held in Seoul in late 2011. Some of these have already been touched upon in the previous section, such as strong consideration “South-South cooperation in which both parties of comparative advantages and the engagement in directly engage, manage, and participate can democratic ownership. The following pages will help strengthen the competencies of the parties show how South-South cooperation contributes along the whole process” (AP-1). to strengthening three elements less attended in the conventional approach to aid effectiveness:

20 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 20 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. be described as horizontal partnership. Peer-to- The Accra mandate (2) peer learning, mutual knowledge exchange, and sustainable investments in long-term partnerships Enriching the aid effectiveness agenda can be described as basic ingredients. South-South with the practices of South-South cooperation does not automatically entail hori- cooperation zontal cooperation, and horizontal cooperation is We acknowledge […] in particular the role of not limited to South-South cooperation, as shown middle-income countries as both providers and in the experiences in triangular cooperation (see recipients of aid. We recognize the importance section 2.2.2.). As the case stories depict clearly, and particularities of South-South cooperation horizontal partnership is based on trust, mutual and acknowledge that we can learn from the benefit, and equity among the partners that engage experience of developing countries (AAA para. in South-South and triangular cooperation for 19b). capacity development. Trust and mutual respect is identified in several experiences as a key factor for success. A knowl- first, a strong bid for horizontal partnership based edge exchange on controlling the arsenic contami- on mutual trust, in which all partners learn; sec- nation of water and food between the Bangladesh ond, the capacity to mobilize regional dynamics Chemical Society and the Argentinean Institute and solutions for shared development challenges; for Scientific and Technical Research has shaped and third, the case stories have generated valu- this kind of “solid and self-sustained cooperation able inputs to the discussion on good-fit technical based on mutual trust.” A nonexisting budget cooperation, that is, a potentially more efficient, did not hinder the partners to engage in hori- context-responsive support to capacity develop- zontal learning on water treatment with cheap ment, able to create strong incentives for policy but effective technologies (AP-6). Confidence and institutional change. also played a role in the transfer of Argentinean expertise to Haiti in estimating public expendi- 3.2.1 Boosting horizontal partnership tures in childhood, with the result that “Haitian The case stories illustrate a very specific form of authorities allowed even sensitive information to development cooperation relationships that can flow without any type of conditions.” Here, an

From South-South to horizontal cooperation

Initiated in the 1950s, South-South cooperation is a diverse historic process with strong roots in non- alignment movement of the Cold War. Twenty years after the fall of the Berlin wall and in the midst of pressing global crises, the world is characterized by multipolar social and economic progress, changing global governance, and an increasing diversity of development models and paths. The case stories show that South-South cooperation continues to be a strong reference for most actors. Yet, its actual contents, such as trust, mutual benefit, and equity, are not automatically built into any cooperation between developing countries, especially if the development gap between them is significant. Nor are these values exclusive characteristics of South-South cooperation, but can be found, as shown in the case stories, in multilateral platforms and triangular cooperation as well. Therefore, horizontal cooperation (and horizontal partnership) appears as a more precise, content-related concept that might bring together the diverse actors from North, South, East, and West around a shared goal: promoting trust, mutual benefit, and equity as constitutive elements of effective development partnerships.

South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 21

South-south.indd 21 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. important factor for trust was the creation of a “double dividends” where both sides, here with peer-to-peer relationship, especially at the level Bolivia, strengthened their capacities in manag- of the officials from both countries’ ministries ing and controlling dengue epidemics (LAC-26). (LAC-31). Trust-building is also an intrinsic com- In another case story, the Center of Legal and ponent of CDDE’s bid for strengthened relations Social Studies, an Argentinean non-governmental across countries, for example, through electronic organization, expressed its gratitude for having communication at the individual level (AP-4). In achieved a better understanding of the human triangular cooperation, mutual confidence consti- rights situation in Paraguay after its collabora- tutes a core element for an increasingly smooth tion in the creation of human rights chairs in coordination among the larger range of actors, two Paraguayan universities (LAC-48). Finally, as shown in the collaboration between Germany, transferring its Bolsa Família, a conditional cash Brazil, and Mozambique around quality stan- transfer (CCT) model, to other countries, Bra- dardization (AFR-14). Differences in opinion in zil’s Ministry of Social Development and Hunger setting up a public sector triangular coopera- Alleviation is benefitting from learning how to tion between Spain, Chile, and Paraguay were expand and consolidate a CCT (AFR-31). resolved in a “climate of greater trust and open- Equity as a third ingredient for horizontal part- ness” (LAC-17). nership is very much related to the perceptions of Mutual benefit is a recurrent theme in differ- similar challenges faced by the partners. Evident ent case stories. Most prominently, the China- in almost all case stories, the perception of shar- Africa program draws on a mutually benefitting ing the same contextual opportunities and caveats process, transferring Chinese experiences in pov- seems to build a strong fundament for building erty reduction and development to Africa and effective partnership, in some cases resulting in enabling China to improve its partnership with a short cut to development solutions. The water African countries through a wider network of facilities twinning exercise between Cambodia stakeholders and better adaptation of its program and Vietnam, boosted by AsDB, relates to the fact (AFR-17). Mutual interest is also recognized by that both sides work with similar technologies Egypt in its cooperation with Uganda, where and draw on “common cultural traits”, allowing Cairo desired to “strengthen its relations with a smoother exchange of experiences and practices Uganda as one of the most important Nile Basin (AP-15). The sense of equity seems to be especially focal points for Egypt’s supply of Nile water from strong in difficult contexts and critical develop- Lake Victoria” (AFR-22). Especially in South- ment challenges. For example, Colombia shares its South learning among middle-income countries, lessons in disarmament, demobilization, and rein- many provider countries openly identify their tegration with peers in Liberia, Haiti, Sri Lanka, benefit from supporting the recipient, inherent and the Philippines. Facing armed conflicts, peer to peer-to-peer learning. For example, the Ecua- learning appears to be a powerful tool for achiev- dorian Ministry of Health stresses the concept of ing basic conditions for human development, since not only lessons, but also political sensitiveness is shared (LAC-24). This is also strongly reflected “Horizontality has also been a key element in the peer learning process around public sector and is one of the factors accountable for the capacity development in post-conflict Burundi, quick impacts of the program. The partnership Rwanda, and Southern Sudan, where “more equal approach included no conditionalities and often power relations [are] leading to greater openness, involved a generous full transfer of proprietary camaraderie, and spirit of ‘umuntu, ngumuntu, rights of technology and processes” (LAC-20). ngabantu,’ meaning a person is a person through others” (AFR-3).

22 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 22 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. 3.2.2 Regional learning, regional solutions an electronic list has proved to be a very powerful tool for channeling quick communication of Regional processes have not been included in the national practitioners around debt management Paris Declaration, but constitute a versatile dimen- models and protocols (LAC-9). Subregional coop- sion for boosting aid and development effec- eration does not lag behind. The fifteen CARI- tiveness. South-South knowledge exchange and COM members have engaged in a mutual training mutual learning often follows a regional logic in program on implementing their single market Africa, Asia-Pacific, and LAC. There is a percep- and economy, “extending the tradition of pooling tion that regional dynamics can address shared resources to capitalizing comparative advantages development challenges and facilitate joint man- through transfer and sharing” (LAC-3). In Asia- agement of regional public goods. Pacific, AsDB plays a key role facilitating country- to-country exchanges, for example in the twinning exercise between Cambodia and Vietnam (AP- “Over the last three years, the different public debt agencies have accumulated personal, 15), and regional dynamics, such as the CDDE professional, and governmental knowledge (AP-4), and the AsCoP (AP-2). Furthermore, the and synergies can be generated through a Thailand-funded Asia-Pacific Development Center simple telephone call” (LAC-5). on Disability mobilizes more than 30 ministries and agencies, as well as 200 associate organizations, for the social and economic empowerment It is therefore not surprising that another power- of persons with disabilities, who constitute one ful contribution from the case stories can be found out of ten people in the region (AP-5). In Africa, in regional learning processes. Often, these are the NEPAD-led CAAPD engages with its member facilitated by the regional development banks, but countries in learning and experience exchange on also some bilateral DAC donors engage in activi- trends in African agriculture and rural develop- ties covering several countries in certain region ment, as well as policy options around land and or subregions. Finally, cross-regional knowledge water management, market access, hunger, and exchange is emerging with great potential for agricultural research (AFR-10). cross-fertilization between distinct development Still incipient and less structured, cross-regional contexts. learning is also taking place, especially between In LAC, both the IDB and the OAS are play- Asia and Africa. Often, these initiatives have been ing a brokering function for South-South learn- supported by the World Bank’s South-South Expe- ing, which countries are using very actively. A rience Exchange Trust Fund (SEETF) and Japan’s strong message comes from the collaboration of Third Country Training Program. Cross-regional ministries of labor of the thirty-four OAS mem- learning can involve African partners support- ber states that come together under the umbrella ing an Asian country, as happened in the SEETF- of the Inter-American Network for Labor Admin- funded transfer of Ghanaian and Zambian road istration (RIAL), created in 2005. In addition to management expertise to Laos (AP-25). Or it takes workshops, the RIAL is successfully promot- place between several partners in both regions, for ing high-quality technical assistance and mutual instance, Malaysia’s investments in the consolida- capacity development between the ministries tions of peace for multicultural nations, such as in areas such as security of employment, migra- Afghanistan, Iraq, Sudan, Sri Lanka, East Timor, tion, and gender equality and labor implications and Bosnia-Herzegovina (AP-11). But surprisingly, of free trade agreements (LAC-4). Similarly, the cross-regional South-South technical coopera- IDB is boosting South-South cooperation around tion also occurs in a smaller scale and without a institutional strengthening of public debt manage- strong donor behind. In these cases, partners are ment agencies within the LAC Debt Group. Here, benefitting from communication technologies and

South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 23

South-south.indd 23 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. clearly identified comparative advantages. This is The case stories offer several important les- the formula for success in the Argentina-Bangla- sons on how to enhance technical cooperation desh exchange on water management, as stated that might further enlighten this relevant debate. above. Also from Argentina, the mutual insurance South-South technical cooperation seems to rely association AMPF coordinated an online training on certain comparative advantages that relate to and capacity development course for the Ministry its efficiency, the use of adequate expertise, and its of Labor in Niger interested in creating a similar potential to generate the right incentives. association for its employees. Here, both sides As the most obvious characteristic of South- shared an amazing verve to overcome cultural, South learning, efficiency has been highlighted by geographical, linguistic, and technological dis- several experiences as significant added value. The tances (AFR-7). Cuban Program for Integrated Health in Africa Evidently, regional learning for adapted solu- mostly draws on 1.259 high-quality medical staff tions refers directly to the shared challenges that and experts from the Caribbean island, with no are addressed through peer-to-peer exchanges. cost for the recipient countries (AFR-20). Cuba It is therefore closely linked to the three basic also generated substantial cost reduction by sup- elements of horizontal partnership as described porting Egypt’s plans to produce mandatory vac- above (trust, mutual benefit, and equity). While cines and thus become more self-reliant. Estimates the conventional approach of the aid effective- indicate a cost savings of around 50 percent in ness agenda mostly looks into country situations, comparison to the international market (AFR- the regional energy of South-South cooperation 22). Improved efficiency was also achieved in can connect developing countries with each other ChileCompra cooperation with the Buenos Aires in order to find effective solutions to common province’s procurement agency, where costs were problems. reduced with software donations and free training (LAC-29). No-cost cooperation activities are rather the rule, especially in South-South activities “The skills and experiences provided by the implemented by middle-income countries. Indonesian experts and training programs are Evidently, this added value is very closely related very unique and unavailable in more devel- to the use of specific human resources for peer-to- oped countries, where well-maintained infra- peer capacity development. It is true that South- structure and highly mechanized equipment South technical cooperation has of course a cost, are required to perform agricultural activities” even if it is not reported (and still very difficult (AP-17). to report). However, the vast majority of South- ern technical cooperation providers use existing and available human resources in their own public institutions, such as ministries or specialized agen- 3.2.3 Investing in good-fit technical cies. This is the case of the officials of the Argen- cooperation for capacity development tinean Ministry of Economy and Public Finances, In recent years, traditional technical cooperation is which supports Haiti’s capacities for childhood- being re-scrutinized against its impact on capacity related public expenditure, a formula that makes it development, the alignment to national priorities, more efficient than North-South cooperation. But its accountability, and the overall efficiency. more importantly, these staff are also engaging in a Some donors, most prominently the European strong peer relationship based on “empathy, mutual Commission, have engaged in a reform process, commitment, and consequently ownership” (LAC- and platforms such as the Capacity Development 31). Similarly, Vietnam selected senior officials Alliance are investing efforts in identifying the best and economic advisors involved in the design and ingredients for good-fit technical cooperation. implementation of the Doi Moi Policy as trainers

24 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 24 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. which contributes effective income-transfer solu- “Countries at similar stages of development tions for targeting the use of conditionalities and are also likely to rely on similar technologies, performance-based public management (AFR-31). which are likely to be more appropriate to While Northern solutions often appear abstract in them than technologies adopted in more Southern contexts, practitioners from the develop- industrialized countries” (AP-15). ing world are speaking the same language. Tack- ling more directly the (non-)enabling environment, the solutions are potentially more context responsive, especially when they draw on the provider’s and speakers in its support to Nepal’s new growth comparative advantage (see section 2.1.3). This and development strategy. Here, the members of is neatly reflected in the success of the regional the Nepalese Constituency Assembly obtained in- CoP in boosting MfDR in Asia-Pacific (AP-2) and depth policy insights in the processes leading to Africa (AFR-1), as well as the UNDP/IATI initia- a market-based economy (AP-19). But the col- tive on development assistance databases, where lected case story universe also included (rather the “South-South exchanges among countries with rare) examples of Southern consultants engaging similar challenges often resulted in an extra moti- in South-South learning. The Japan-funded Tri- vation and greater incentives to implement solu- angle of Hope for promoting investment in Zam- tions back home” (AP-3). Peer pressure, such as bia has involved a Malaysian advisor bringing in described for APRM (AFR-10), plays an impor- his experience as former deputy director-general tant, yet still underexplored role for generating of Malaysia Industrial Development Agency. This strong incentives. In another context, Cambodia person could share over a longer period of time and East Timor experienced that the “soft part of the strategies used in Malaysia and links Zambian the partnership” helps to “accommodate and bro- institutions to Malaysia and other Asian countries, ker different values, interests and positions of the helping to overcome “invisible barriers” to African parties”, a clear advantage to traditional partner- trade and investment relations with Asian-Pacific ship, “less resilient in this regard” (AP-1). South- countries (AFR-13). In sum, high-quality techni- South consensus on practices, frequently thriving cal cooperation can be facilitated by committed in regional processes such as the IDB-driven sys- and experienced Southern experts, which helps to tem of social violence indicators, is another trig- ensure that South-South technical cooperation is ger for boosting actual policy and institutional adapted, attractive, and effective for the recipient change (LAC-9). Together, these experiences show country. that South-South learning and knowledge can cre- The closer relationship between provider and ate more effective incentives. In the future, this recipient seems to be one of the reasons why South- assumption could be tested against an analysis of South technical cooperation is an effective trigger the how-to’s and the process-related conditions for capacity development. Another essential ingre- under which better motivation and feasible reform dient is the incentives that South-South learning is fostered by mutual learning. and knowledge exchange create for implement- In sum, the case stories open a wide floor ing policy and institutional reform. A new vigor for exploring the specific values and compara- for actually transforming learning into action tive advantages of South-South learning in the is emerging when, in similar institutional and overall bid for more effective technical coop- structural development challenges, one or several eration. Deeper research is necessary to obtain champions have identified feasible and adapted more conclusive results, especially in the realm paths to achieve improvements despite the caveats. of efficiency. Further investment in transparency This is clearly the case in Brazil’s expertise in con- regarding inputs and outcomes are necessary. In ditional cash transfers, the Bolsa Família Program, other words, sound information systems and an

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South-south.indd 25 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. enhanced results management is required to assess nificant efforts have been invested in recent the efficiency of South-South cooperation on a years. An encouraging picture emerges from the solid ground. Importantly, improved and adapted case stories, with interesting details of how the incentives, very much promoted in the discourse developed, the developing, and those that are in on capacity development, should also be explored between could build gangways between South- more systematically. It is in this area that horizon- South and North-South cooperation. Two main tal cooperation can make a clear difference and pillars can be identified. First, triangular coopera- even revise current thinking on reforming poli- tion is a tool for mutual learning and venturing cies and institutions. Future analytical work could horizontal partnership, which entails some risks, therefore draw on the quite consistent messages but also huge opportunities. Second, mechanisms from the case stories on how to improve the effec- for promoting and funding South-South coop- tiveness of technical cooperation. eration are often strongly backed by traditional donors and multilateral organizations, in particu- 3.3 Identifying complementarities between lar the multilateral development banks. The case South-South and North-South stories show that, while still needing to capitalize cooperation knowledge and feedback, these mechanisms are a critical contribution, even a conditio sine qua Over the last years, South-South cooperation has non, for scaling up horizontal partnership within often happened in parallel to and even isolated a flexible, sustainable, and demand-responsive from the more conventional development coop- logic. eration provided by DAC donors. During the HLF in Accra, donors, partner countries, and multilateral institutions recognized that this gap needs 3.3.1 Triangular cooperation to be bridged, not only through mutual learning As a modality for development cooperation, tri- (as shown in the two previous sections), but also angular cooperation can be defined as the col- through actual and concrete complementarities. In laboration between a Southern (sometimes called this sense, paragraph 19e of the AAA highlights pivotal) provider and a Northern donor in benefit that “South-South cooperation (…) is a valuable of a third recipient country. Triangular coopera- complement to North-South cooperation,”, while tion entails learning on all sides and should not be paragraph 19b “encourage[s] further development confused with direct support to South-South coop- of triangular cooperation,” especially with middle- eration, for example, through “hands-off” fund- income countries as both providers and recipients ing. This basic definition requires a deeper look of aid. into specific situations. Among different constella- The collected evidence illustrates that this tions, the case stories point out trilateral, regional, complementarity is already in full motion. Sig- and multilateral cooperation, sometimes even in a mixed form. For example, the OAS facilitated part of a triangular cooperation in which Chile, finan- The Accra mandate (3) cially backed by Canada, helps seven CARICOM members to boost their social protection systems Identifying complementarities between (LAC-16). However, most triangular cooperation South-South and North-South cooperation projects submitted in this call for case stories are [SSC] plays an important role in international following quite closely the above-mentioned “tri- development cooperation and is a valuable angle formula”. Germany, Japan, and Spain are complement to North-South cooperation (AAA the DAC donors with most activities in triangular para. 19e). cooperation, but Canada, Ireland, and Korea are also entering the stage.

26 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 26 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. Several lessons can be drawn from the role of triangular cooperation as a bridge to South-South “An export of the successful Mexican experi- cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness. ences is of high interest to other countries in The cases show that triangular cooperation is very the region, especially in Central America and much related to the concept of horizontal coop- the Caribbean, which can learn a lot from the eration, in which all partners are learning. How- factors of success and the difficulties overcome in solid waste management in Mexico” ever, they also demonstrate that one of the greatest (LAC-15). risks of triangular cooperation is to undermine the ownership of the recipient country. Another limitation is the substantial transactions costs of setting up triangular operations and bringing 14). Similarly, Spain started triangulating efforts together a larger range of actors, all of them with with Chile with the aim to assist Paraguay’s public different institutional settings and interests. One of sector modernization, gathering sensitive lessons the solutions seems to be country-led comparative on how to embed triangular cooperation in the aid advantages, ensuring a division of labor aligned effectiveness agenda (LAC-17). As one of the new- to recipient policies and priorities. These are the comers in triangular cooperation, Korea tested the essential basics to take into account for future modality for the first time by working with Peru investments in triangular cooperation. and Algeria. The objective was to improve the latter’s capacities in breeding seed potatoes and Learning for horizontal partnerships: Since tri- thus enhancing its food sovereignty (AFR-12). In angular cooperation is still a new modality for this case, Peruvian provider capacities were also both traditional donors and Southern provid- upgraded. Benefits for the Southern provider can ers, the relations between the partners tend to be also be observed in Mexico’s improved abilities more horizontal. DAC donors have shown a high and strategic positioning after having implemented interest in venturing new roles and in learning with Japan triangular cooperation for earthquake- how they can improve their performance toward resistant popular housing in El Salvador (LAC-13). the developing partners. As a pioneer in supporting South-South cooperation, Japan promoted Ensuring recipient ownership in the triangle: Own- triangular cooperation through its JICA-ASEAN ership of the recipient country can be still a chal- Regional Cooperation Meeting (JARCOM). This lenge for triangular cooperation. The risk of losing platform encouraged Japan to acquire skills as a touch with the recipient is especially imminent if “low-profile facilitator (…) more responsive to the the traditional donor and the Southern provider diverse multilateral needs of Southern partners” are focusing their attention on setting up their col- (AP-10). Ireland engaged in a particularly inspir- laboration and the recipient country has not taken ing triangular learning partnership with Liberia the lead, as was observed in discussions in Nica- and East Timor on the role of women in conflict ragua (LAC-47). There are good examples of how prevention, management, and resolution in light triangular cooperation was effectively aligned to of the United Nations Security Council Resolution national priorities, for example, by Germany’s and 1325 (AFR-30). Also, Germany and Spain express Brazil’s support to Mozambique’s quality stan- their strong desire to have a more active role in dards, critical for the globalization and regional triangular operations. A pilot on quality standard- integration of its economy (AFR-14). In Algeria’s ization and consumer protection in Mozambique, case, the demand for Korea’s and Peru’s collabora- implemented by Brazil and Germany, boosted a tion came directly from its National Institute for learning process finally translated in a shared offi- Agriculture Research (AFR-12). Guatemalan own- cial concept and guidelines, opening the door for ership went further by actually funding, with its future scaling-up among the two providers (AFR- own resources, a follow-up phase of Mexico’s and

South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 27

South-south.indd 27 19/03/2010 04:20:47 p.m. Germany’s training in integrated solid waste man- of maintaining peace in a plural society and vast agement (LAC-15). experience in post-conflict reconstruction, respec- However, it is evident that there is a need for tively (AP-11). In an OAS-facilitated project, balancing “uneven horizontalities”. While the Bolivia and Peru learned from Mexico’s advan- relationship of peers between the traditional tages in measuring natural gas flows and Brazil’s donor and the Southern provider advances, the capacities in metering chemical composition of leadership of the recipient should not be taken for this natural resource, while the German National granted, as shown in the joint Spain-Chile prepa- Metrology Institute contributed high-quality tech- ration of a public sector modernization project in nical and technological solutions (LAC-14). Given Paraguay (LAC-17). This is especially critical when the lack of a recipient or Southern provider-led the demand side is uncertain. Japan’s JARCOM case story on triangular cooperation, it is difficult program offers some relevant lessons on balanc- to assess whether these comparative advantages ing supply and demand, while taking into account are the same ones that the final beneficiary would that triangular cooperation should aim to narrow highlight. However, it can be assumed that, when gaps and “making boundaries among cooperating based on national ownership, the review of com- and beneficiary countries less relevant” (AP-10). parative advantages of the offering partners (both Matching demand and supply carefully can mean individually and collectively) is certainly a power- that the advantages of the Southern provider might ful tool for ensuring that triangular cooperation is wane. After a successful knowledge exchange, El effective. Salvador’s vice ministry of Housing and Urban Development showed less interest in a continued Recovering transaction costs through scaling up: support from Mexico’s National Center for Disas- Triangular cooperation tends to involve a larger ter Prevention (LAC-13). This example shows how range of actors than North-South or South-South recipient leadership has a huge potential to effec- cooperation. A brief screening of the case stories tively guide triangular efforts within a reasonable reveals that some experiences induced the collabo- division of labor. ration of up to eleven parties. Far from being an exception, the joint Japan-Brazil pilot on training Comparative advantages as the basis for triangu- health staff for the Joseina Machel, a reference lar efforts: Indeed, comparative advantages are hospital in Angola, generated efforts of two Ango- guiding most of the triangular case stories. Alge- lan counterparts (Ministry of Health, the hospital), ria’s National Institute for Agricultural Research two official Brazilian parties (the agency ABC in improved its capacities for breeding potatos (and Brasilia, the Embassy in Luanda) and three Bra- ultimately ensuring food security) by drawing on zilian universities, as well as Japan’s headquarters Peru’s ample expertise in potato breeding (being and its offices in South Africa and Brazil (AFR-15). the cradle of the potato) and Korea’s advances Lacking operational procedures and policy guide- in research technology (AFR-12). Malaysia and lines, the start-up of a triangular cooperation oper- Japan offered learning on how to consolidate ation is very time and resource consuming for the peace in multicultural nations (such as Sri Lanka, involved partners. Delays from six to twenty-four Iraq, or East Timor), based on their experiences months to translate the initial agreement into the start of the implementation are the rule. The setting-up process is lively depicted in the case story “Learning is an essential results for its appli- on Spain’s and Chile’s support to Paraguay’s pub- cation to the rest of the programme and the lic sector reform. One conclusion from this case is contribution of generated knowledge to the that triangular cooperation “faces more challenges debate on triangular cooperation” (LAC-17). in management, coordination, and implementation than traditional North-South cooperation:

28 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 28 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. the convergence among three countries with dis- investing in horizontal partnership. The immedi- tinct management systems, the diversity of stake- ate benefits might be somewhat intangible, but holders, the geographic and cultural distances, the no less relevant when the partnership paradigm uneven horizontality in the relations, and the inde- enshrined in the Paris Declaration and the AAA is cision on the rules of the game” (LAC-17). to be taken seriously. Both challenges, ownership However, it might not be fair to assess short- and transaction costs, could be resolved by embed- term investments against long-term gains in hori- ding triangular cooperation further in country-led zontal partnership. This calculation has led to a coordination, opening also the view on compara- substantial reshaping of the JARCOM model, tive advantages as a basis for scaling-up. because, put bluntly, the “benefits of long-term capacity development (…) are difficult to verify 3.3.2 Mechanisms for promoting South-South despite relatively high immediate costs” (AP-10). cooperation Yet, traditional donors also perceive the benefits of While South-South learning and knowledge institutional learning and investing in pilots that exchange is gaining traction, it often draws on then can be scaled up. For example, the Japan- very scarce resources and takes place in an isolated Brazil Partnership Program launched a second form. Developing countries willing to share their phase in Angola based on the lessons learned expertise tend to resolve this lack of fuel with cre- (AFR-15), while Germany and Brazil agreed on ativity and (often personal) commitment, recycling joint standards after having implemented the pilot available budgets and human resources. However, in Mozambique (AFR-14). In fact, systematizing this approach entails severe limitations, especially lessons in triangular cooperation and scaling-up in terms of scaling-up, coordination among South- of triangular efforts seems to be a smart way for South partners and their platforms, accumulative recovering the initial investment. It should be also learning, and the generation of good practices. It acknowledged that horizontal cooperation can is also one of the main causes why there are still come at a somewhat higher institutional price, but some voices that claim that South-South coopera- also tends to bear broader fruits involving more tion does not exist: it frequently happens in an stakeholders and facilitating innovative learning. informal, uncoordinated, and ultimately invisible A conclusion from analyzing the case stories is way. that triangular cooperation entails a huge poten- Because of the meaningful work of IPRCC, tial for horizontal partnership. True win-win-win donors and international professionals are gradu- situations, in which all partners learn and bene- ally getting attracted to work for and with IPRCC fit from each other, can emerge, thereby blurring (AP-12). While part of the solution could lie in bet- the boundaries of donors and recipients. How- ter information systems (see section 2.1.4), several ever, triangular cooperation also faces two major case stories describe very clearly how mechanisms challenges. First, national ownership of the final and platforms have enabled them to promote effec- beneficiary is not automatically built into - trian tive South-South cooperation. These are sometimes gular efforts, but rather fragile. This is especially related to funding, such as Canadian CIDA’s finan- true when the traditional donor and the Southern cial support to Rio Vivo’s engagement in reducing provider focus on creating a strong equal relationship among them, which can, however, result in an uneven partnership toward the third country. Second, transaction costs tend to be high due to “Because of the meaningful work of IPRCC, a multiplication of actors and a more complex donors and international professionals are coordination among three parties. A too simplis- gradually getting attracted to work for and with tic approach to these costs should be avoided, IPRCC” (AP-12). since they also relate to institutional learning and

South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 29

South-south.indd 29 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. social violence in communities of Bel Air in Haiti (LAC-49) or to the South African program on “The South-South Experience Exchange Trust building state capacities in post-conflict Burundi, Fund has helped the World Bank realize the Rwanda, and Southern Soudan (AFR-3). Japan is important and unique role it can play as a very actively supporting South-South exchanges ‘global connector’ by responding to countries’ through its Third Country Training Program, demands to learn from one another—especially to be found behind several case stories (AFR-4, when countries span multiple regions” (GL-1). AP-10, AP-16, and AP-19). Resources come from multilateral institutions as well, such as the OAS’s Cooperation Fund for the Labor Network RIAL showcased mechanisms shows that tools for pro- (LAC-4) or the IDB’s Program for Development moting South-South cooperation are still in an Effectiveness (see LAC-29, LAC-30 and LAC-50). early stage of development. All but one platform Interestingly, developing countries have engaged in have been created after 2003, the exception being setting up their own funds. The Egyptian Fund for the Nigerian Technical Assistance Corps (TAC) Technical Cooperation was instrumental to kick launched in 1987. It is therefore a good moment to off its support to Uganda in its effort to control assess what it takes for designing and launching an aquatic weeds (AFR-22). With rather small funds, effective mechanism for South-South cooperation. the Argentinean Fund for Horizontal Cooperation One first answer is high-level political commit- financed part of the trainings facilitated by Argen- ment. The World Bank–hosted South-South Expe- tinean Plata University to the Peruvian National rience Exchange Trust Fund (SEETF) was launched Service for Agricultural Health (LAC-23) as well in 2008 as an initiative of a World Bank manag- as the transfer of olives cultivation and processing ing director, who, as a former Nigerian minister capacities from Argentinean National Institute for of finance, had experienced a successful exchange Agriculture Technology to the Peruvian Commis- with Chilean experts and desired to create a flex- sion for Export Promotion (LAC-32). ible funding mechanism for South-South learning Moreover, recent years have seen the emer- (GL-1). Chinese leaders, including the president gence of mechanisms that include funding, but and ministers of three government departments, also go beyond by promoting learning, matching strongly committed in 2005 to the creation of the demand and supply, innovating modalities, and International Poverty Reduction Center in China coordinating actors. The case stories illustrate (IPRCC), a national mechanism, feeling “that they an impressive diversity of mechanisms located could share their experiences with the develop- at national, bilateral, regional, and global levels, ing countries and assist them to reduce poverty” which are promoted by multilateral institutions (AP-12). The regional Ibero-American Program and increasingly partner countries as well. While for Horizontal South-South Cooperation was these mechanisms are likely to mushroom as a endorsed in 2008 by sixteen directors for develop- result of the renewed momentum for South-South ment cooperation from Latin America (and Spain) and triangular cooperation, lessons from the case with the objective to seize opportunities and face stories show that an effective mechanism needs to challenges of South-South cooperation in LAC be set up with sufficient political will and sophisti- (LAC-18). CDDE benefits from strong ministe- cated resources, engages in straightforward coor- rial support for its chair and steering committee dination with other platforms and development (AP-4). Mexico and Chile launched their bilateral actors, brokers demand and supply in a balanced fund as part of their 2006 Strategic Partnership way, and is committed to open-minded and accu- Agreement, aiming at renewed bilateral relations, mulative learning. especially in the technical-scientific and cultural Setting up a sound mechanism for promoting areas (LAC-21). Nigeria boosted its TAC at the South-South cooperation: A quick review of the presidential level “as a foreign policy tool for the

30 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 30 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. consolidation of Nigeria’s role in the independence to work especially well if the area of expertise is struggles of some African countries” (AFR-16). clearly delimited. In contrast, global mechanisms, A second lesson is that putting this political will such as the World Bank’s SEETF, work on a case- into practice requires a critical amount of funding. by-case basis. Countries can request financial In the experiences where these numbers are avail- support to learn about how to address priority able, resources range from to US $1.5 million for development challenges. Since country demand has the Ibero-American Program to US $4.35 million already been identified, the World Bank’s global for the SEETF. brokering function plays an important role in the Importantly, institutional set-up requires close success of the response (GL-1). The supply side is attention, as stressed in the IPRCC case story. often very visible in national mechanisms. As such, Apart from political support and financial means, IPRCC strives to share the “enormous experiences it is critical to create a responsive bureaucracy with of China in alleviating poverty, China [being] a a strong poverty focus, which develops capacities storehouse for such learning” (AP-12). The China- to design and implement serious and relevant pro- Africa program shares specific Chinese expertise grams. Attracting external expertise, professional- in sectors such as agriculture reform, rural devel- ization, and incentives to retain high-profile staff opment, infrastructure development and financing, constitute another crucial task, especially for new foreign direct investment, and trade development institutions in the global South (AP-12). During its (AFR-17). Efforts to identify the actual supply reform process, the Office for Planning and Bud- side are described in detail in the case story on get of the Uruguayan Presidency, partly converted Colombia’s Caribbean Strategy. Its set-up included into a capable platform for “horizontal partner- workshops with national entities, field visits, and ship”, came to similar conclusions. An adapted exchanges with partners of the region, thus ensur- legal framework, hiring and consistent training of ing a sound match with the existing demand as staff, knowledge management (see section 2.3.2.), well as also the actual provision capacity (LAC- and improved coordination with other govern- 19). It is, however, evident that the brokering func- ment branches, such as the Ministry of Foreign tion of mechanisms needs to be developed further Affairs, are basic ingredients to build and boost in order to generate a transparent and just-in-time sound institutions for South-South cooperation South-South exchange, which should be based on (LAC-20). actual comparative advantages. While the demand can be quite easily identified at the country level, Matching demand and supply: One of the core the provision of Southern expertise would benefit functions of South-South cooperation mechanisms from regional and global approaches to finding, lies in targeting needs in one context and mobilizing assessing, and channeling relevant supply. expertise from another. Comparative advantages in capacity development are more easily identifiable Creating a consistent menu of modalities. The to regional and global mechanisms with a broader modalities designed and implemented by the fea- picture. CDDE manages the demand-supply tured mechanisms cover a large range of tools match through its website aideffectiveness.org, a and methodologies for promoting exchange and help desk, and face-to-face events (AP-4). SEGIB’s learning. In line with its role as “global connec- program covers this dimension through the data- tor”, the World Bank–led SEETF mainly funds base on good practices (LAC-18), and the regional study tours, workshops, training, video confer- development banks have developed specific, some- encing, and round-table discussions (GL-1). As a times very simple tools to ensure that availability national platform, IPRCC is built on four main and lack of capacity, for example, in public debt pillars: training, research, exchange events, and management, is matched (LAC-9). The latter case cooperation with other development actors, all of indicates that meeting demand and supply seems which is further boosted by an active dissemina-

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South-south.indd 31 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. tion through websites and publications (AP-12). ting up a database of good practices. It is also Drawing on resources of their joint fund, Mexico implemented against a battery of M&E indicators. and Chile have conducted mutual consultancies, Still at an early stage, the gathered lessons might exchange of experts and officials, internships, become a regional knowledge capital for improv- short- and medium-terms missions, training, ing South-South technical cooperation and its workshops, dissemination, and exhibitions, espe- effectiveness (LAC-18). Also, SEETF has invested cially in the area of scientific and cultural coopera- efforts in documenting practices and lessons tion (LAC-21). SEGIB’s Ibero-American Program through an improved knowledge management seeks to improve institutional South-South coop- on both sector issues and South-South exchange eration capacities of Latin American agencies and as a practice in itself (GL-1). At the national level, ministries through a regional set-up that includes IPRCC recognizes the need for sound results man- enhanced information systems, training, an annual agement, both as an institution (AP-12) and in report on South-South cooperation (see LAC-1), a its China-Africa program (AFR-17). As described database of good practices, and thematic debates above, IPRCC shares sensitive lessons of how to (LAC-18). In Asia-Pacific, CDDE draws on both set up an excellence-based national mechanism traditional means (such as events, analysis, and (AP-12). However, the current, rather sketchy, a help desk) as well as new technologies (such as picture of South-South cooperation indicates that a knowledge management portal and web-based learning, feedback, and evidence generation have exchanges) (AP-4). Encouraging ingredients for been fragmented. If systemic capacities are to be strong and useful mechanisms are emerging; how- developed, mechanisms will need to broker not ever, most platforms still seem to struggle with the only Southern expertise, but also lessons learned synergies among different modalities and embed- on South-South exchanges as a tool for effective ding these in a continued learning and feedback development cooperation. cycle. Building an architecture for promoting South- Learning to manage knowledge: Contradicto- South technical cooperation: While providing fuel rily, the verve of South-South learning is often to South-South learning and knowledge exchange, restrained by the lack of knowledge management. the birth of many mechanisms can also lead to Regional and global mechanisms especially have overlapping efforts. Almost all case stories indi- a critical role to play in systematizing lessons and cate a strong interest in coordinating with other innovating tools, methods, and modalities. Once platforms, but actual steps are rare. National institutionalized, they can mobilize resources for mechanisms often work closely with multilateral gathering information and comparing data, for institutions, as reflected in IPRCC’s engagement example, on factors leading to success or failure. with UNDP and the World Bank (AP-12), or For instance, the Ibero-American Program man- Colombia’s explicit bid to coordinate its Carib- ages knowledge through an annual report on bean strategy with regional actors such as the IDB, South-South cooperation in LAC while also set- OAS, and others (LAC-19). At the global level, the SEETF is coordinated internally with different World Bank branches and states that it should “be used in tandem with other mechanisms” (GL-1). “This cooperation is a neat example of how the Countries and organizations interested in coordination between two countries, with the necessary political and financial support, can accessing or sharing knowledge still lack a con- optimize technical and monetary resources, cise overview of existing options for sponsorship decide on joint priorities, and engage in mutual and anchorage at the different platforms. Global, benefit” (LAC-21). regional, and national mechanisms are discon- nected from each other, with little communication

32 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 32 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. and no coordination among the different layers. multilaterals such as the African and Islamic Devel- With mechanisms mushrooming, it is thus time opment Bank (AFR-26). With some exceptions, to engage in a sound architecture for promoting the showcased mechanisms have not been able to South-South cooperation where innovation and fully exploit this important potential. CDDE is one lessons can flow smoothly in benefit of the provid- of the platforms that has generated very consistent ers and recipients of South-South expertise. interest from different other global and regional partners (AP-4). During its pilot year, the SEETF Coordinating with other development actors: As succeeded in mobilizing financial support from six depicted in section 2.1.3., South-South coopera- donors, including Mexico and China, but harmo- tion can sometimes be a trigger for harmonization, nization efforts have been mainly in house so far especially if its activities attract the support by dif- (GL-1). Representative for most cases, the Ibero- ferent development partners. In this line, the Afri- American Program recognizes that it “still needs can agriculture program CAADP build up a donor to engage in closer relation with other initiatives” trust fund (AF-10) and the Morocco-Mauritania (LAC-18). With an eye on the growing importance water and sanitation initiative created an umbrella of South-South cooperation in global development for joint discussions with donor agencies from Bel- policies, this seems to be a task that should not go gium, France, Germany, Japan, and Spain as well as unattended for too long.

South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 33

South-south.indd 33 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. South-south.indd 34 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. Acronyms

AAA Accra Agenda for Action JARCOM JICA-ASEAN Regional Cooperation APRM African Peer Review Mechanism Meeting AsDB Asian Development Bank LAC Latin America and the Caribbean CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture MfDR Managing for Development Results Development Program M&E Monitoring & Evaluation CDDE Capacity Development for NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development Effectiveness Facility Development CARICOM Caribbean Community OAS Organization of American States CoP Communities of Practices ODA Official Development Assistance CCT Conditional Cash Transfer OECD Organization for Economic DAC Development Assistance Committee Co-operation and Development EC European Commission PALAMA Public Administration Leadership and Management Academy HLE High Level Event RIAL Inter-American Network for Labor HLF High Level Forum Administration IBSA India-Brazil–South Africa SEGIB Ibero-American General Secretariat partnership (trilateral initiative) SEETF South-South Experience Exchange TCIL Indian Technical and Economic Trust Fund (World Bank) Cooperation TAC Technical Assistance Corps (Nigeria) IDB Inter-American Development Bank TT-SSC Task Team on South-South IATI International Aid Transparency Cooperation Initiative UNDP United Nations Development IPRCC International Poverty Reduction Program Center in China

Acronyms 35

South-south.indd 35 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. South-south.indd 36 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. Case stories Overview

AFRICA [AFR-13] Japan-Zambia-Malaysia—Investing in the Triangle of Hope [AFR-1] AfCoP—Pan African peer learning on [AFR-14] Germany-Brazil-Mozambique—Shar- managing for results ing quality standards [AFR-2] Development Gateway—Spreading [AFR-15] Brazil-Angola-Japan—Building capaci- and sharing aid management practices ties at the Josina Machel Hospital [AFR-3] Palama—Building public sector capaci- [AFR-16] Nigeria—Technical Aid Corps ties in post-conflict countries [AFR-17] China-Africa—Experience sharing on [AFR-4] Kenya-Japan—Social forestry in Africa development [AFR-5] Kenya-Japan—Mathematics and sci- [AFR-18] IBSA-Guinea Bissau—Boosting food ence education in Africa self-sufficiency [AFR-6] Africa Rice Center—New Rice for [AFR-19] Nigeria—Recovering from brain drain Africa through scientific and technical exchange [AFR-7] Argentina-Niger—Technical capacity [AFR-20] Cuba Africa—Promoting integrated development for the provision of health services in health services Niger [AFR-21] Cuba-Egypt—Joint manufacturing on [AFR-8] Indonesia-Japan—Institutionalizing vaccines micro finance in Africa [AFR-22] Egypt-Uganda—Aquatic weed control [AFR-9] African Union—African peer review [AFR-23] India—Pan African e-network for mechanism medical services and human resources [AFR-10] NEPAD—Investing in agriculture and [AFR-24] South Africa—Development in the food security in Africa Southern African region [AFR-11] NEPAD—Promoting e-schools in Africa [AFR-25] India-Tanzania-Uganda—Boosting [AFR-12] Korea-Peru-Algeria—Joining efforts dairy cooperatives around seed potato production in Algeria

Case stories Overview 37

South-south.indd 37 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. [AFR-26] Morocco–Mauritania—Achievement [AP-15] AsDB Cambodia-Vietnam—Twinning of Millennium Development Goals related to of water utilities drinking water supply and sanitation [AP-16] Laos-Vietnam—Exchanging on local [AFR-27] Competence sharing among nongov- administration reform ernmental organization partners in South and East [AP-17] Indonesia-Japan—Participatory Agri- Africa culture Extension [AFR-28] AWEPA—Parliaments joining efforts [AP-18] Indonesia-Japan—Training on artifi- in the fight against small arms cial insemination of dairy cattle [AFR-29] South Africa–Kenya—Pan African [AP-19] Vietnam-Nepal—Exchange on devel- Infrastructural Development Fund opment strategies [AFR-30] Ireland-Liberia–Timor-Leste—Trilat- [AP-20] Barefoot College—Boosting rural solar eral learning on women, peace, and security energy [AFR-31] Brazil—Sharing a quiet social [AP-21] ITEC India—Indian expertise for sus- revolution tainable development [AP-22] AsDB China India—Exchanging development experience ASIA PACIFIC [AP-23] ASER—Informing education policies with research [AP-1] Cambodia–Timor-Leste—Learning [AP-24] Slum Dwellers International—Mutual exchange on aid management learning for human development [AP-2] AsDB—Asian-Pacific CoP on MfDR [AP-25] Laos-Ghana-Zambia—Learning on [AP-3] DAD—South-South learning on aid road maintenance information and development effectiveness [AP-4] Capacity Development for Develop- ment Effectiveness (CDDE) Facility LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN [AP-5] Thailand—Asia-Pacific Development Center on Disability [LAC-1] SEGIB—Ibero-American South-South [AP-6] Argentina-Bangladesh—Water man- Cooperation Report agement for water and food security [LAC-2] Colombia—Sharing cooperation maps [AP-7] AsDB PASO—Investing in aviation [LAC-3] CARICOM—On-the-job training sup- safety in the Pacific port for key senior officials [AP-8] Thailand ACMECS—Human resources [LAC-4] OEA—Inter-American Network for development Labor Management (RIAL) [AP-9] Japan—South-South networking [LAC-5] Colombia—Sharing experiences in around paddy fields public debt management [AP-10] Japan—Innovative triangular coopera- [LAC-6] El Salvador-Guatemala-Honduras— tion with ASEAN countries (JARCOM) Water management in the Trifinio region [AP-11] Malaysia-Japan—Achieving peace in [LAC-7] OAS—Boosting small tourism multicultural societies enterprises [AP-12] China—IPRCC as a platform for [LAC-8] IDB—Jointly surveilling diseases in the South-South cooperation Caribbean [AP-13] Bangladesh-Korea—ICT Training Cen- [LAC-9] IDB—Exchanging practices on manag- tre for education ing public debt [AP-14] Bangladesh-Korea—BRAD commu- [LAC-10] IDB—Cooperating on citizens’ security nity development and violence prevention in LAC

38 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 38 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. [LAC-11] IDB—Coming together in the Trifinio [LAC-34] Costa Rica–Colombia—Promoting region of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras community rural tourism [LAC-12] IDB—Joint database for MERCOSUR [LAC-35] Colombia-Brazil—Promoting exports social security institutions through the official postal service [LAC-13] El Salvador-Mexico-Japan—TAISHIN [LAC-36] PAHO—Overseeing food and nutri- (earthquake-resistant popular housing) project tional security [LAC-14] OAS��—��Triangulation of efforts for nat- [LAC-37] PAHO—Vaccination on the Argentina- ural gas metrology Brazil border [LAC-15] Germany-Mexico-Guatemala—Man- [LAC-38] Guatemala-Colombia—Improving aging solid waste public defence (preliminary version) [LAC-16] OEA-Chile-Caribbean—Promoting [LAC-39] Guatemala-Colombia—Improving the social protection quality of the ombudsperson institution [LAC-17] España-Chile-Paraguay—Building—Building tri-tri- [LAC-40] Mexico—Paraguay: Maquila sector angular partnerships in the public sector capacities (preliminary) [LAC-18] SEGIB—Ibero-American Program of [LAC-41] Mexico—Promoting university South-South Cooperation exchanges with Central America (preliminary) [LAC-19] Colombia—Caribbean Strategy [LAC-42] Guatemala-Colombia— Implementing [LAC-20] Uruguay—Building institutions for the electronic signature horizontal partnership [LAC-43] Brazil-Colombia—District recycling [LAC-21] México-Chile—Joint Cooperation capacities Fund [LAC-44] EuroSocial—Promoting ombudsper- [LAC-22] Argentina-Bolivia—Managing genetic son institutions resources in the Tucuman rain forest [LAC-45] PROCASUR—Taking paths to learning [LAC-23] Argentina-Peru—Investing in agrarian [LAC-46] UN-INSTRAW��—��Learning from wom- health en’s representation in local governments (prelimi- [LAC-24] Colombia—Deepening disarmament, nary version) demobilization, and reintegration [LAC-47] Nicaragua—Managing information, [LAC-25] Ecuador-Bolivia—Fighting together promoting ownership against dengue [LAC-48] Argentina-Paraguay—Promot- [LAC-26] Mexico-Ecuador—Sharing electoral ing human rights and public interest clinics in systems universities [LAC-27] Brazil-Colombia—Rural energization [LAC-49] Rio Vivo, Brazil–Haiti—Respect for [LAC-28] Colombia-Chile—Transmilenio as a Bel Air, Port-au-Prince public transport option [LAC-50] Chile-Paraguay—Modernizing parlia-parlia- [LAC-29] Chile-Argentina—Innovating the sys-sys- ments with new technologies tem of public purchases and contracts [LAC-51] Argentina—Sharing mutualism [LAC-30] Costa Rica-Chile—Improving the [LAC-52] Center for Digital Inclusion—Investing assessment of budget management in networks [LAC-31] Argentina-Haiti—Improving public [LAC-53] Cuba-Colombia—LearningCuba-Colombia—Learning the ben-ben- expenditure on childhood efits of sericulture (silk farming) [LAC-32] Peru-Argentina—Olive growing (preliminary) [LAC-33] OAS—Measuring water courses (pre- GLOBAL liminary version) [GL-1] World Bank—Investing in South-South knowledge exchange

Case stories Overview 39

South-south.indd 39 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. [AFR-1] AfCoP—Pan African peer learning on US $550,000. The AfCoP will reach the end of managing for results its initial trust fund in June 2010. The AfCoP is actively fund-raising with donors throughout the Organization(s): The African Community of development community to ensure ongoing activ- Practice on Managing for Development Results ity and expansion beyond the depletion of its initial (AfCoP-MfDR) funding. National focus. The few AfCoP national Country(ies): Thirty-seven African countries are chapters that have already been established are part of the AfCoP. Members from all of them supported to a large extent by local government are taking part in the knowledge-sharing process and agencies. This involvement from government and are therefore both providers and recipients is expected to grow as more national communities of development cooperation. The countries are are created. Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Burundi, Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Abdou Cameroon, Chad, Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Braz- Karim Lo; Mr. Devandra Parsad Ruhee zaville, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Cochairs of Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, the AfCoP-MfDR, respectively from Senegal and Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Mauritius Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, City: Respectively Dakar and Port Louis Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Overview: The African Community of Practice [AFR-2] Development Gateway—Spreading on MfDR is a bilingual community established and sharing aid management practices in 2007 and made up of more than 1,000 members from 37 African countries. Its members Organization(s): Development Gateway (DG) aim at building African capacity to manage for development results through sharing experiences, Country(ies): Burkina Faso, Burundi, the Demo- networking, and building strong learning relation- cratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Haiti, Liberia, ships between practitioners in Africa and around Madagascar, Malawi, Niger, Senegal, Southern the world. Its web platform is a key component Sudan, and Tanzania of the community to ask questions, exchange Overview: Implementing information technology experiences, and to ensure sustained dialogue projects in developing countries is inherently com- throughout Africa. Members strive to make their plicated, and the biggest challenges can be nontech- organizations more results oriented, effective, and nical. These institutional, political, coordination, accountable to ensure that the lives of their fellow and process challenges can be common across dif- citizens are improved. ferent country contexts. DG’s annual knowledge- Duration: Start date: February 2009 sharing workshops facilitate the exchange of good practices and lessons learned across the growing Budget (optional): Regional focus. The first three network of Aid Management Platform users in years of the AfCoP-MfDR trust fund were sup- multiple countries; identify key issues in aid infor- ported by contributions both in cash and in kind mation management; foster partnerships between from the African Development Bank, the Cana- countries; and encourage regional leadership in dian International Development Agency, the Dutch aid management. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the International Fund for Agrictulre Development, the US Agency for Duration: Ongoing since December 2008 International Development, and the World Bank. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Stephen The average annual budget of the AfCoP has been Davenport

40 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 40 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director, Aid Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Branch Head, Effectiveness Team International and Special Projects Branch at the Public Administration Leadership and Manage- City: Washington, DC ment Academy; and Project Leader of the Regional Capacity Building Project [AFR-3] Palama—Building public sector capacities in post-conflict countries City: Pretoria, Republic of South Africa

Organization(s): Public Administration Leader- [AFR-4] Kenya-Japan—Social forestry ship and Management Academy; South Africa in Africa Ecole Nationale d’Administration; Burundi; Rwanda Institute of Administration and Man- Organization(s): Kenya Forestry Research Insti- agement; Rwanda Capacity Building Unit in the tute (KEFRI) in collaboration with Japan Interna- Ministry of Labour, Public Services and Human tional Cooperation Agency (JICA) Resource Development; Southern Sudan; the Country(ies): Seventeen countries in eastern, Canadian International Development Agency central, and southern Africa, namely Angola, (CIDA); Canada Botswana, Burundi, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Country(ies): South Africa, Rwanda, Burundi, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Southern Sudan, and Canada Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tan- zania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Other self- Overview: The RCB Project is a five-year donor- supported beneficiaries included Ghana and funded development intervention that has its gen- Madagascar. esis in South-South collaboration and is based on participatory approaches and innovative Overview: Environmental resilience and improved methodologies. quality of life are development issues that require regional cooperation. The entry point is social for- Palama established effective partnerships based on estry, or forestry for the people, as a participatory mutual respect and cooperation with three part- concept and tool that not only integrates biological ner management development institutes (MDIs) and socioeconomic diversity prevailing in the area, and the donor, CIDA. This is a South-South multi- but is also responsive to subsistence and develop- country project involving the donor through trilat- ment needs of rural and non-rural communities. eral cooperation. It recognizes capacity building as key for growth Through joint and bilateral planning sessions, the among African countries to enhance awareness, project improves the capabilities of the MDIs to understanding, and actions. deliver relevant training to develop public sector Duration: The course was held once a year. The management skills and improve service delivery. course covered a period of five weeks (thirty-three Duration: 2008–2013 to thirty-five days). It was held in themonths of Budget (optional): CAN $10.9 million provided September to October or January to February. by Canada. In-kind support is provided by part- These were preferred due to prevailing dry weather ners in terms of time devoted to the project, for conditions to depict the true ecological conditions example, their time for conducting the baseline in Kenya and similar areas of the participating studies, or training needs analyses in conjunction countries. with external experts. Budget (optional): JICA’s contribution to fourteen Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr Saloshini courses in fourteen years is about US $1 million. Muthayan KEFRI’s, Ksh 12.8 million.

Case stories Overview 41

South-south.indd 41 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Michael through CEMASTEA; and 3) WECSA member Mukolwe; Josephine Wanjiku; Dr. Ebby Chagala- countries US $9,000 per year (annual subscription Odera; Dr. Ben E.N. Chikamai of US $300). Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Senior Scien- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Professor tist/Training Manager; Senior Scientist/Training Karega Mutahi Officer; Assistant Director; Director Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Permanent City: Nairobi, Kenya Secretary, Ministry of Education, Kenya City: Nairobi, Kenya [AFR-5] Kenya-Japan—Mathematics and science education in Africa [AFR-6] Africa Rice Center—New Rice for Africa Organization(s): Centre for Mathematics, Science and Technology Education in Africa (CEMAS- Organization(s): Ministry of Agriculture in all par- TEA) and the Ministry of Education (Kenya) ticipant countries; Africa Rice Centre (WARDA); Country(ies): Provider: Kenya. Partner: Japan. United Nations Development Program; Gatsby Recipients: Strengthening of Mathematics and Sci- Foundation; Rockefeller Foundation; Japan Inter- ence in Secondary Education (SMASE-WECSA) national Cooperation Agency; Japan International member countries: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Research Center for Agricultural Sciences; the Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Côte Food and Agriculture Organizaiton of the UN; the d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Leso- Ministry of Agricluture, Animal Industries, and tho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Fisheries (Uganda); and the United Nations Devel- Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, opment Program-Technical Co-operation among Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Developing Countries (UNDO-TCDC) Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Country(ies): Providers: China, Colombia, Philip- Zimbabwe. pines, Japan. Recipients: Nigeria, Ghana, Benin, Overview: Kenya and Japan, jointly implemented Sierra Leone, Togo, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Mali, SMASSE through INSET (1998–2003 pilot; 2003– Liberia, and Burkina Faso 2008 national program) for teachers and educa- Overview: New Rice for Africa (NERICA) technol- tion managers. SMASE-WECSA was formed for ogy refers to the successful crossing by researchers collaboration in addressing common challenges from the Africa Rice Center of the two species of in member countries. Kenya is a beneficiary of cultivated rice to produce plants that combine the the Philippines and Malaysia and a pivotal coun- best traits of both parents (known as interspecif- try in implementing teacher training programs, ics): high yields from the Asian parent and the workshops, and dispatch of experts for more than ability to thrive in harsh environments from the thirty beneficiary African countries under Japan African parent—a feat not successfully achieved International Cooperation Agency’s SSC through before in the history of rice breeding. Through CEMASTEA. the crossing of the two rice species, the NERICA Duration: Phase I: 1998 – 2003. Phase II: 2003 – technology gives researchers access to new genetic 2008. Phase III: 2009 – 2013 combinations. The NERICA name was trademarked in 2004. Budget (optional): This program has three financial resources, as follows: 1) JICA US $2,000,000 The main aim of this project was to contribute per year (technical support for the program activi- to poverty alleviation and food security in Africa ties; 2) Kenya Facility and Human Resource through research, development, and partnership

42 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 42 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. activities aimed at increasing the productivity and resources of both parties. This initial stage was profitability of the rice sector in ways that ensure successfully finished regarding long-distance edu- the sustainability of the farming environment. For cation and mutual health issues. upstream research and development, the Interspe- Duration: NA cific Hybridization Project (IHP) model—a triangular South-South partnership—was developed to Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Martín bring together the pool of expertise from advanced Orlando research institutes, such as the Africa Rice Centre, Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Manager of with that of national programs. The rice variet- International Relations ies that were developed from this project were, City: Buenos Aires in 1999, dubbed New Rice for Africa, commonly known as NERICA, a name that was trademarked in 2004. [AFR-8] Indonesia-Japan—Institutionalizing micro finance in Africa Duration: Phase I: 1997–2000. Phase II: 2000– 2004. Since 1996 in east, west, central, and south- Organization(s): Directorate of Technical Cooper- ern Africa; by 2006, studies were completed in ation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Benin, Guinea, and Côte d’Ivoire. Indonesia (GoI), Japan International Cooperation Budget (optional): Funding for IHP from 1997– Agency (JICA), Government of Japan (GoJ), and 2000: US $450,000 per year plus US $474,000 Non-Aligned Movement Centre for South-South from WARDA. Funding for the ARI: US $35mil- Cooperation (NAM-CSSTC) lion (including US $30million in a soft loan from Country(ies): Indonesia, Algeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, the African Development Bank). Uganda, Sudan, Zambia, Namibia, Madagascar, Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Africa Rice Mozambique, and South Africa Center Overview: NAM CSSTC—in cooperation with the GoI and JICA/GoJ—has implemented a [AFR-7] Argentina-Niger—Technical capacity training program on microfinance for the Afri- development for the provision of health services can region since 2004. Batch I (2004–2006) in Niger focused on the operational aspects of microfinance, while Batch II (2007–2011) emphasized Organization(s): Organization of Mutual Entities the establishment and management of a microfi- of the Americas, Labor and Public Office Min- nance institution. The idea is also based on posi- istry (Republic of Niger), and the Mutual Fam- tive feedbacks expressed by the alumni of the ily Protection Association (AMPF) (Republic of past TCTPs. Argentina) Duration: Phase I: 2004–2006. Current phase II: County(ies): Republic of Niger and the Republic 2007–2011 (Every year, a training program of of Argentina approximately two weeks was implemented.) Overview: This case refers to the assistance on Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Achmad capacity development for the provision of health Rofi’ie services provided by AMPF to the Labor and Pub- lic Office Ministry of Niger through the creation Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Assistant of a mutual entity. This activity was carried out Director for Program, NAM-CSSTC through long-distance education, maximizing the City: Jakarta, Indonesia

Case stories Overview 43

South-south.indd 43 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. [AFR-9] African Union—African peer review Africa’s largely farming-based economies. It aims mechanism to do this by raising agricultural productivity by at least 6 percent per year and increasing public Organization(s): African Union (AU), New Part- investment in agriculture to 10 percent of national nership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), and budgets per year. CAADP is about bringing African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) together diverse key players—at the continental, Country(ies): Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, regional, and national levels—to improve coordi- Cameroon, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, nation, to share knowledge, successes, and failures, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Maurita- to encourage one another, and to promote joint nia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Republic of and separate efforts to achieve the CAADP goals. Congo, Rwanda, São Tomé and Principe, Senegal, Duration: 2003–2015 Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Zambia Budget (optional): 6 to 10 percent of the annual national budget of each participating country Overview: The APRM is a mutually agreed-upon instrument voluntarily acceded to by the mem- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Professor ber states of the AU as an African self-monitoring Richard Mkandawire mechanism. The APRM is a bold, unique, and Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator innovative approach designed and implemented City: Midrand, South Africa by Africans for political and corporate accountability. Participation in the APRM is open to all member states of the AU and it is of general con- [AFR-11] NEPAD—Promoting e-schools in sensus among African countries that peer pressure Africa in objective manner generates positive outcomes. Organization(s): New Partnership for Africa’s Duration: Started since 2003, with countries Development (NEPAD), private sector, and reviewed every five years national governments Budget (optional): US $7.1 million annually Country(ies): The countries invited to participate in the first phase were those that acceded to the Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Assefa Memorandum of Understanding of the NEPAD Shifa African Peer Review Mechanism as follows: Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Officer in Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Camer- charge of the APRM secretariat oon, Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, City: Midrand, South Africa Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Mali, Mauritius, Mozam- bique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda. [AFR-10] NEPAD—Investing in agriculture and food security in Africa Overview: The purpose of the NEPAD e-school program is to accelerate development of informa- Organization(s): African Union, Comprehen- tion and communication technology (ICT) infra- sive Africa Agricluture Development Porgramme structure and skills through supporting technical (CAADP), and New Partnership for Africa’s and information-technology-based education. It is Development also intended to bridge the digital divide in Africa and between Africa and the rest of the world. The Country(ies): African countries e-Africa Commission was created in 2001 and Overview: CAADP focuses on improving food adopted as an ICT Task Team by NEPAD in 2002. security and nutrition and increasing incomes in It is responsible for developing policies, strategies,

44 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 44 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. and projects at the continental level as well as Country(ies): Zambia and Malaysia managing the structured development of the ICT Overview: The project aims at facilitating pro- sector in the context of NEPAD. motion of trade and investment to Zambia with Duration: 2006–2015 JICA’s technical assistance. The project pays special attention to how best successful economic Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Professor development experiences in East Asia (in this case, Mzobz Mboya Malaysia) can be utilized in the context of present Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Advisor: Edu- economic development challenges in Zambia as cation and Training well as in Africa. The project is implemented with City: Midrand, South Africa a Malaysian advisor (former deputy director-general of Malaysia Industrial Development Agency), who has thirty years of practical experiences in [AFR-12] Korea-Peru-Algeria—Joining efforts successfully promoting trade and investment in around seed potato production in Algeria Malaysia as a backbone of economic development Organization(s): Korea International Cooperation in Malaysia with three important actors—gov- Agency ernment, public services, and the private sector— working hand in hand as the Triangle of Hope. Country(ies): Providers: Korea and Peru. Recipi- ent: Algeria Duration: Phase I: Strategic Action Initiative for Economic Development, July 20, 2006–March Overview: Crop demand in Algeria has contin- 31, 2009). Phase II: Zambia Investment Promo- ued to rise sharply, thus expanding the volume tion Project—Triangle of Hope, August 21, 2009– of imports. Imports of crops have increased more August 20, 2012. than 50 percent, especially the potato, which is one of the major staple foods in Algeria. Algerian Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Hajime potato production is so insufficient to provide Fukuda to the Algerian people that they have to import Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Assistant 80,000 tons every year. Korea and Peru provided Representative technical assistance in potato production skills in City: Lusaka, Zambia order to alleviate the food crisis and poverty in Algerian rural areas. Duration: January 2007 to November 2009 [AFR-14] Germany-Brazil-Mozambique— Sharing quality standards Budget (optional): US $1,800,000 Organization(s): National Institute of Standard- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Jun ization and Quality (INNOQ) (Mozambique); Kyung-Moo National Institute of Metrology, Standardization Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Manager and Industrial Quality (INMETRO) (Brazil); Bra- zilian Cooperation Agency (ABC); Federal Minis- City: Seoul, Korea try for Economic Cooperation and Development (Germany); German Agency for Technical Coop- [AFR-13] Japan-Zambia-Malaysia—Investing eration (GTZ); and the German National Metrol- in the Triangle of Hope ogy Institute (PTB ) Organization(s): Japan International Cooperation Country(ies): Mozambique, Brazil, and Germany Agency (JICA), the government of the Republic of Overview: Due to growing industrial expansion Zambia, and the Zambia Development Agency and entrance in the international market, Mozam-

Case stories Overview 45

South-south.indd 45 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. bique decided to engage in a triangular coopera- conducted by Brazilian experts and Angolan pro- tion initiative with Brazil and Germany in order fessionals under the coordination of Japan, Bra- to improve Mozambican quality infrastructure zil, and Angola with utilizing the facility of JMH, through institutional and technical development which was rehabilitated by the Grant Aid Coop- of INNOQ. This project also contributed signifi- eration of Japanese Government. cantly to the development of an official concept Duration: April 2007 to March 2010 and guiding principles for Brazilian-German triangular cooperation. Mozambican consumers gained Budget (optional): Share of Japan’s contribution: access to institutional means to demand bet- US $549,450,00 (76.04 percent). Share of Brazil’s ter quality standards of products in the national contribution: US $173,129,97 (23.96 percent). market. The budget of former Grant Aid Project by the Duration: Pilot project: 2008–2009. Phase I (fol- Japanese government was approximately US $40 low-up project): 2010–2012 million. Budget (optional): US $312,184,00 (pilot project). Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Kota ABC: US $89,184; PTB: US $77,160; GTZ: US Sakaguchi; Mr. Wofsi Yuri de Souza $79,200; Inmetro: US $66,640. Shared between Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Assistant Rep- the Brazilian and German counterparts. The resentative, JICA Brazil Office; Coordinator of Mozambican counterpart provided permanent Bilateral Cooperation, ABC personnel and logistical support for the implementation of the activities. City: Brasilia, Brazil Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Daniel Alker [AFR-16] Nigeria—Technical Aid Corps Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Counselor of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Coop- Organization(s): Ministry of Foreign Affairs eration and Development in Brazil (Nigeria) City: Brazilian Federal District, Brazial Country(ies): Provider: Nigeria. Recipients: Ethiopia, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Jamaica, and [AFR-15] Brazil-Angola-Japan—Building Belize capacities at the Josina Machel Hospital Overview: The Technical Aid Corps (TAC) pro- Organization(s): Ministry of Health (Angola), gram is a technical cooperation between Nigeria Josina Machel Hospital (JMH) (Brazil), Brazilian and African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) nations. Cooperation Agency (ABC), Campinas Univer- It is an alternative to direct financial aid designed sity, São Paulo University Instituto of Heart, Santa for sharing Nigeria’s know-how and expertise Cruz Hospital, Sofia Feldman Hospital (Japan), with other ACP countries. Nigeria uses profession- and the Japan International Cooperation Agency als from various sectors, such as medicine and aca- (JICA) demia, to carry out this program in the recipient countries. The program acts as a channel through Country(ies): Angola which South-South collaboration is enhanced Overview: In this project, professionals of JMH, through streamlined program assistance to other Lucrecia Paim Maternity Hospital, thirteen pri- developing countries. It shows enormous amount mary health care centers, and other hospitals were of local ownership and knowledge transfer from trained in five areas as follows: hospital - admin Nigeria experts to participating personnel of the istration, equipment maintenance, nursing care, recipient countries. TAC has played a cardinal role radiology, and laboratory. The training course was in cementing existing relations between Nigeria

46 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 46 19/03/2010 04:20:48 p.m. and beneficiary countries, and, on a wider scale, with Africa. Strong commitment and support of in creating an atmosphere of partnership where it the Chinese government have been provided to otherwise would not exist. this program. Besides financial support and policy guidance, ministers/vice ministers of the three host- Duration: TAC was established in 1987 and it is an ing ministries of China participated in the events. ongoing program Through the program, better mutual understand- Budget (optional): Determined and managed ing on development strategies, policies, and prac- through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs tices has been established between the African Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mamman countries and China with some follow-up actions Daura taking place. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Ambassador Duration: The program is expected to be multi- year and has developed and implemented two suc- City: Abuja, Nigreia cessful events in 2008 and 2009, nine days each.

Budget (optional): Financed by the Chinese gov- [AFR-17] China-Africa—Experience sharing on development ernment with strong support from the World Bank. The budget of each event is around US $300,000 Organization(s): International Poverty Reduction (the participants’ expenditure of international Center in China travel is included), 81.85 percent of which is shared by Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Country(ies): Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Finance of China, and 18.15 percent is shared by Central Africa, Chad, China, Côte d’Ivoire, Dem- the World Bank. ocratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Ms. LI Xin Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Deputy Divi- Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia, Niger, sion Chief, Division of Exchanges, International Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Poverty Reduction Center in China South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. A total of thirty-six countries City: Beijing, China were involved.

Overview: The program is expected to be multi- [AFR-18] IBSA-Guinea Bissau—Boosting food year, sponsored by the Chinese government, with self-sufficiency strong support from the World Bank. Two events have been successfully organized in 2008 and 2009, Organization(s): South AFRICAN Institute of respectively, nine days each, including a three-day International Affairs, Business Unity South Africa workshop and field visits to two provinces in (BUSA), Institute for International Trade Negotia- China. Sixty-five senior African government offi- tions, Swiss Agency for Development and Coop- cials, fifty Chinese government officials and lead- eration, and the CUTS Centre for International ing experts, as well as forty representatives from Trade, Economics and Environment international development agencies and embas- Country(ies): India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) sies in China participated in the event. Presenta- tions, discussions, and field visits were conducted Overview: The project was designed to explore on Agricultural Reform and Rural Development, the current and future volume and composition Infrastructure Development and Financing, Special of trade between India, Brazil, and South Africa Economic Zones, FDI, and Trade Development, (IBSA), while factoring the perceptions of stake- as well as China’s Cooperation and Engagement holders on trade and economic cooperation.

Case stories Overview 47

South-south.indd 47 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Duration: One year [AFR-20] Cuba-Africa—Promoting integrated health services Budget (optional): Almost US $500,000 Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Phathiwe Organization(s): Ministry of Health (Cuba) and Mokoena the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Cuba) Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Country(ies): Provider: Cuba. Recipients: African countries of Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, City: Pretoria, South Africa Burundi, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Equa- [AFR-19] Nigeria—Recovering from brain torial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea (Conakry), drain through scientific and technical exchange Lesotho, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Rwanda, SADR (Western Sahara), São Tomé and Organization(s): Directorate of Technical Coop- Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, eration in Africa in Nigeria. Universities, poly- Swaziland, Uganda, and Zimbabwe technics, and colleges of education and research centers collaborated with national, international, Overview: Cuba’s assistance in international and regional organizations. health care is evidenced in its health programs in Africa as South-South development cooperation. Country(ies): Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, The objective of enhancing the capacities of Malawi, Mozambique, and other African countries medical personnel in Africa is pursued through Overview: The Scientific and Technical Exchange the Integral Health Programme initiated by Programme (STEP) seeks to reverse the brain Cuba in 1998. This program, which is primarily drain trend by offering attractive research facili- earmarked for rural areas, involves the sending ties in African countries such as South Africa of medical personnel to African countries. More to Nigeria. STEP has created opportunities to importantly, Cuba is greatly involved in the engage the services of highly trained Nigerian/ international campaign against HIV/AIDS in African researchers who are willing and able to Africa. offer quality services to research and develop- Duration: Two years per batch, but still ongoing ment in Africa. The expectation of the Nigerian technical cooperation department is that STEP Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Yiliam will produce the synergy for African technologi- Jiménez; Merlyn Rivero cal liberation as it could also be bilaterally and Title of Primary Contact Person(s): The director multilaterally implemented. of cooperation of the Cuban Ministry of Interna- Duration: Started in 1999; still present tional Affairs; Cuban Embassy in South Africa Budget (optional): The program is funded by the City: Havana, Cuba; Pretoria, South Africa Nigerian government through normal budgetary allocations and the Technical Cooperation Fund [AFR-21] Cuba-Egypt—Joint manufacturing established by Nigeria at the African Development on vaccines Bank Organization(s): Cuba: Two companies: Finlay Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Office of the and Heber Biotec; Egypt: Vacsera and the Ministry Director General of Health Title of Primary Contact Person(s): The Director Country(ies): Provider: Cuba; Recipient: Egypt General Overview: The technical cooperation between City: Abuja, Nigeria Egypt’s national vaccine producing institution,

48 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 48 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Vacsera, and Cuba’s specialized vaccine Budget (optional): US $20.4 million, financed by producers, Finlay and Heber Biotec, aims at the Egyptian Fund for Technical Cooperation with the transfer of Cuban technology and know- African Countries—Ministry of Foreign Affairs how to Egyptian technicians in the field of Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Wael selected vaccine manufacturing. These particular M. Khairy; Radwa Helmy Abdel-Raouf; Nadine vaccines are of high national priority and at the Hisham Fawzy same time would foster the Cuban counterparts exportation of raw material used to produce Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director of such vaccines. the Nile Basin Initiative National Office—Minis- try of Water Resources; Executive Assistant to the Duration: November 2007 to (tentative) 2009, Cochair, OECD/DAC Working Party on Aid Effec- but was extended due to the delays referred to tiveness; International Cooperation Officer—Min- above istry of International Cooperation (Egypt) Budget (optional): 10 million Egyptian pounds City: Cairo, Egypt Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Hamdal- lah H. Zedan; Radwa Helmy Abdel-Raouf [AFR-23] India—Pan African e-network for medical services and human resources Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Chairman and CEO of Vaccines, Sera and Drugs (Affiliate Organization(s): Nodal Ministry for Implementa- of Vacsera Holding Company for Biologicals and tion—Ministry of External Affairs, Tele-Commu- Vaccines); Executive Assistant to the Cochair, nications Consultants India Limited (implementing OECD/DAC Working Party on Aid Effectiveness agency), and several universities and super spe- City: Cairo, Egypt cialty hospitals in India Country(ies): Provider: Government of India. [AFR-22] Egypt-Uganda—Aquatic weed Recipient: African Union member states (fifty- control three countries total) Overview: Recognizing that Africa-India coopera- Organization(s): Ministry of Water Resources and tion can go a long way in the globalizing world for Irrigation (Egypt) and the Ministry of Agriculture, mutual advantage inspired by a boost in expertise Animal Industry and Fisheries (Uganda) in it’s information technology and medical sciences Country(ies): Provider: Egypt. Recipient: Uganda sector, and in an effort to contribute to the Millen- Overview: In 1998, the Government of Uganda nium Development Goal of increasing education called for assistance to control the growth of levels across the developing world, the Government aquatic weeds that blocked the outlets of both of India proposed the Pan African e-network proj- lakes Kyoga and Albert, causing flooding around ect that allows India and African countries to be the lakes’ shores. The Egyptian government linked to one another through a satellite-run net- responded by offering the Government of Uganda work that will further enable the transfer of other a three-phase technical and financial support proj- facilities such as teleconferencing between heads of ect to deal with this problem: states, tele-medicinal consultations, and so on. • First phase (1999–2007): US $13.9 million Duration: Ongoing • Second phase (2007–2009): US $4.5 million Budget (optional): INR 5,429 million; Over $125 million • Third phase (2009–2014): US $2 million Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Surabhi Duration: 1999–2014 Tandon

Case stories Overview 49

South-south.indd 49 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): External Con- from India’s successful experience in developing its sultant, ICRIER dairy sector to support more rapid growth of Tan- zania’s and Uganda’s dairy industries. Participants City: New Delhi, India in the exchange were exposed to a range of new strategies for increasing milk and dairy product [AFR-24] South Africa—Development in the consumption and improving marketing and pro- Southern African region duction practices. The improved understanding Organization(s): South African Department of and subsequent adoption and adaptation of these Trade and Industry and Department of Transport key strategies are intended to improve food security, nutrition, and incomes in the poorest commu- Country(ies): Provider: South Africa. Recipient: nities in these two countries. Mozambique, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and the Southern Africa region Duration: August 2008; 1 year Overview: The SDI is a project made up of a cluster Budget (optional): $60,000 of projects designed to develop small communities Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Michael through infrastructural development. The main Wong; Moses Kibirige project under the SDI is the Maputo Development Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Senior Private Corridor, which involves the Maputo Corridor Sector Development Specialist; Financial and Pri- Toll Road, the railway from Ressano Garcia to vate Sector Development Maputo, and the Maputo Port and Harbor. Other secondary projects are in the fields of agriculture, City: Washington, DC mining, and tourism. The development from the SDIs would mean future cooperation among the [AFR-26] Morocco–Mauritania—Achievement Southern African countries as the SDIs were spread of Mellennium Development Goals related to across various provinces in the region. drinking water supply and sanitation Duration: Maputo Development Corridor Organization(s): National Office of Potable Water launched on June 6, 1998 (ONEP) (Morocco) and the International Water Budget (optional): In all, 694 projects have been and Sanitation Institute (on launching phase) identified, to the estimated value of R 1,148 bil- Country(ies): Provider: Morocco. Recipient: Mau- lion/$182 billion in the tourism, education, craft, ritania under the coverage of the Global Water commercial and agriculture sectors, including sub- Partners Alliance (GWOPA) (UN-HABITAT) with stantial opportunities for communities and small support from the water and sanitation operators businesses. Ten development initiatives have been in the following countries: France (Agua de Paris, designated and have already generated around SIAAP); Belgium (SWDE, Vivaqua); Burkina Faso 400 investment projects valued at R 83 billion. (ONEA); and Spain (Spanish Cooperation Agency, AECI) [AFR-25] India-Tanzania-Uganda—Boosting Overview: The cooperation between ONEP and dairy cooperatives SNDE aims at the development of capacities of the Mauritanian operator to turn it into a competent Organization(s): World Bank tool, enabling it to accomplish its public service Country(ies): Provider: India. Recipients: Tanzania missions and allowing the country to reach the and Uganda MDGs related to water supply. Overview: A knowledge-sharing initiative was This South-South cooperation is not intended launched in 2008 to collate and apply lessons to be exclusive; it is expected to be open toward

50 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 50 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Northern countries through support from a net- ings, complemented by visits between partners, work of water operators and northern coopera- have enabled considerable learning to take place tion agencies (France, Belgium, and Spain). This and, more importantly, be applied in practice. This cooperation has evolved toward twinning partner- has had catalytic knock-on effects on networking ships sponsored by the GWOPA UN-HABITAT. outside CSNP. This case study shows the value of strong local ownership and facilitation in South- Duration: Estimated in three to five years (It will South learning. be specified after issuing the ongoing diagnostic study and after the second round table, planned Duration: The CSNP started in 2006 and is still for June 2010 in Nouakchott) continuing (forty-eight months so far). It has secured funding until 2012. Budget (optional): AECI has established a credit line of US $600,000 to fund consultancy expenses Budget (optional): The CSNP is generally low in order to finance primarily the work of experts cost. It costs about US $50,000 per year to from ONEP for Sub-Sahara Africa, with a par- operate. Meetings are kept to a small budget, ticular priority on the Mauritania project. Other with cheap and simple venues. The coordination partners from the operator network (Paris Water, and facilitation of the learning network Vivaqua, SWDE, ONEA, and ONEP) have offi- group is largely voluntary. For example, the cially declared after the Rabat Round Table that current coordinating chair estimates he spends they will make in-kind contributions for the provi- approximately sixty days per year (25 percent of sion of the necessary workforce corresponding to his time) on the network. He receives US $100 fifteen men per day during the preparatory phase per month as recompense. Given the undoubted (diagnostic study), and that they would be ready impact of the CSNP, the costs are relatively to continue making in-kind contributions in order small compared with other learning networks to make true certain actions that result from the or capacity building interventions such as action plan agreed upon for June 2010. consultancy and training. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Samir Bensaid Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Festus Mukoya Title of Primary Contact Person(s): General Direc- tor International Water and Sanitation Institute, Title of Primary Contact Person(s): organization affiliated to the National Office of City: Nairobi, Kenya Potable Water, in charge of capacity development of the App Research [AFR-28] AWEPA—Parliaments joining efforts City: Rabat, Morocco in the fight against small arms

Organization(s): Association of European Parlia- [AFR-27] Competence sharing among nongovernmental organization partners in mentarians with Africa (AWEPA) South and East Africa Country(ies): Africa: Great Lakes and Horn of Africa region Organization(s): Southern and east African NGO partners of PYM Aid Norway Overview: This case story is a reflection on the cooperative efforts of the national parliaments of Country(ies): Kenya, Uganda, Somaliland, Swazi- the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa region in the land, Mozambique, and Rwanda reduction of small arms. Overview: The CSNP is a learning initiative Duration: 2000 to the present among thirteen African church partners of PYM Aid Norway. Highly participatory annual meet- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Jeff Balch

Case stories Overview 51

South-south.indd 51 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director, and learn from those directly affected by conflict Research and Evaluation, AWEPA on how best to promote and protect women’s leadership and interests in conflict resolution and City: Amsterdam, The Netherlands peace building. [AFR-29] South Africa–Kenya—Pan African Duration: January 2009 until ongoing to comple- Infrastructural Development Fund tion in December 2010

Organization(s): South Africa’s Public Invest- Budget (optional): US $1 million ment Corporation, Governments Employees Pen- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Liz Higgins sion Fund, Development Bank of Southern Africa, ABSA Bank, Old Mutual, African Development Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Principal Bank, the Standard Bank Development Group, Development Specialist, Policy Planning and Effec- Liberty Life, Ghana’s Social Security and National tiveness Unit, Irish Aid Insurance Fund, and Metropolitan Life South City: Dublin, Ireland Africa. Country(ies): Providers (initial investors): Ghana, [AFR-31] Brazil—Sharing a quiet social South Africa, and Tunisia. Recipients: Kenya, and revolution in the future its member countries across Africa Organization(s): Ministry of Social Development Overview: The PAIDF raises money from private and Hunger Alleviation (MDS) and the World investors and pension funds from its many mem- Bank ber countries across Africa and invests the money Country(ies): The Bolsa Família Program (BFP) in overseas markets. The profits from those invest- has been the object of multiple requests for study ments are used to fund projects across Africa. tours and visits. Until December 2009, this pro- Duration: Started in 2007 and has a fifteen-year cess involved visits from about thirty countries, investment horizon including luso-phone Africa, Costa Rica, Nigeria, Budget (optional): Initial target is to raise US $1 India, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, and Pan- billion. So far, US $625 million has been raised buy ama, among others. Representatives from MDS the investors in the fund. also participated in seminars in Morocco, India, Colombia, and Egypt. [AFR-30]Ireland-Liberia–Timor-Leste— Overview: As the largest conditional cash transfer Trilateral learning on women, peace, and in the world and one of the first in its kind, the security BFP is unique in its institutional arrangements— Organization(s): Department of Foreign Affairs especially those that favor coordination among (Ireland) sectors and cooperation between States— as well as its scale of operations. It is also a Country(ies): Ireland, Northern Ireland, Timor- successful experience from a political and social Leste, and Liberia perspective. This has attracted attention both in Overview: The Conflict Resolution Unit of the Brazil and abroad, and moved several countries Department of Foreign Affairs of Ireland is in the first stages of implementation of a CCT partnering with women and men from Ireland/ to ask for advice from the BFP team. That Northern Ireland, Liberia, and Timor-Leste in a cooperation takes place in the form of visits cross-learning process on UN Security Council to the federal management of the program and Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security. through technical cooperation activities with The broad purpose of the process is to understand MDS.

52 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 52 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Duration: South-South Cooperation between the of visits of officials directly responsible in the BF team and the African countries started in 2005 area of interest. The cooperation between CRDB/ and has increased year after year. The Brazilian CDC of the Royal Government of Cambodia and government is improving the channels by which the NDAE was enabled financially by the Japan cooperation takes place and is now working on International Cooperation Agency offices in both projects with more specific timelines along with its countries. partners. Duration: June to September 2009 Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Francisco Name of Primary Contact Person(s): HENG Ochoa CHOU Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Consultant, Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Sr. Policy Social Protection Unit, Human Development Specialist, Cambodian Rehabilitation and Devel- Department, World Bank opment Board/Council for Development of Cam- City: Washington, DC bodia, Royal Government of Cambodia City: Phnom Penh, Cambodia ASIA PACIFIC

[AP-1] Cambodia–Timor Leste—Learning [AP-2] AsDB – Asian-Pacific CoP on MfDR exchange on aid management Organization(s): Asian Development Bank (ADB) Organization(s): Cambodian Rehabilitation Country(ies): Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Development Board of the Council for Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Cook Development of Cambodia (CRDB/CDC) of the Islands, Fiji Islands, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Royal Government of Cambodia, the National Republic, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Directorate for Aid Effectiveness of the Ministry Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, of Finance (Timor-Leste), and the Government of Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thai- Timor-Leste land, Vanuatu, and Vietnam as at December 2009 Country(ies): Cambodia and Timor-Leste (and (Open to all Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Japan) developing member countries) Overview: During 2009, Cambodia and Timor- Overview: AsCoP-MfDR, created in 2006, was the Leste engaged in an exchange intended to help first regional developing country network on man- Timor-Leste, that is, the National Directorate aging for development results (MfDR). ADB is the for Aid Effectiveness (NDAE) of the Ministry secretariat. of Finance, set up an information management AsCoP-MfDR gives members access to good prac- system that can serve as a tool for the NDAE in its tices, tools, and training opportunities on MfDR policy dialogue, management, and coordination of through peer-to-peer learning activities, including development cooperation projects and programs specific South-South collaborations. supported by development partners in Timor- Leste. During the exchange, the two countries also The success of AsCoP-MfDR influenced the cre- shared with each other initiatives, experiences, ation of the Latin American and Caribbean CoP knowledge, and lessons learned in managing and the African CoP. The OECD-DAC recently development cooperation activities, in particular reaffirmed regional CoPs as essential hubs for those in the last five years. The learning exchange learning and promoting MfDR-based country involved a series of activities including an exchange systems.

Case stories Overview 53

South-south.indd 53 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Duration: Phase I: 2006–2010 (fifty-four months). Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Richard Phase II: 2010–2012 (planned for thirty-six Bradley months) Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Aid Effective- Budget (optional): PhaseI: Asian Development ness Advisor Bank: US $900,000. In-kind contribution from the City: Washington, DC partner organizations (Singapore’s Civil Service College supported by Singapore’s Ministry of For- eign Affairs, the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public [AP-4] Capacity Development for Development Effectiveness (CDDE) Facility Policy of the National University of Singapore, and the Asia-Pacific Finance and Development Center Organization(s): Government of Nepal, in Shanghai supported by the Ministry of Finance Government of Sri Lanka, Government of of the People’s Republic of China). Bangladesh, Government of Samoa, Green Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Farzana Movement of Sri Lanka/Reality of Aid, INFID Ahmed Indonesia/Reality of Aid, Member of Parliament of Indonesia/Inter-Parliamentary Union, Asian Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Principal Development Bank, Government of Japan, United Coordinator, Asia Pacific Community of Practice Nations Development Programme, the World on MfDR, Asian Development Bank Bank, and a range of other governments and other City: Manila, Philippines stakeholders in the region Country(ies): Nineteen countries across Asia- [AP-3] DAD – South-South learning on aid Pacific have benefited from the CDDE Facility to information and development effectiveness date, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambo- dia, India, Indonesia, Kiribati, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Organization(s): Synergy International Systems, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Inc., United Nations Development Programme, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, the Phil- International Aid Transparency Initiative, and the ippines, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia Timor-Leste, and Vietnam. Country(ies): Afghanistan, Cape Verde, Central Overview: The CDDE Facility was set up in African Republic, Comoros, India, Iraq and the response to the request from partner countries Kurdistan Regional Government, Namibia, Paki- that more systematic and predictable support be stan, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, and Yemen provided to partner countries grappling with the Overview: The 2009 Development Assistance localization and implementation of PD and AAA Database (DAD) Community of Practice (CoP) principles and actions. Workshop, which took place from October 5–9 The CDDE Facility aims to contribute to the three at Synergy’s Global Learning Center in Yerevan, key results areas: Armenia, brought together forty-five government officials from thirteen southern countries. The 1. Asia and the Pacific signatories will achieve central goal of the DAD CoP Workshop was to the Paris Declaration targets by 2010 and facilitate the systematic sharing of South-South the AAA actions by the time of the Fourth knowledge on and experiences in managing coun- High Level Forum in 2011. try-level aid information management systems 2. Asia and the Pacific countries establish (AIMS) so as to strengthen national capacities for South-South networks that deliver real aid management and coordination. improvements in national capacities for Duration: October 5-9, 2009 development effectiveness.

54 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 54 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. 3. Asia and the Pacific countries contribute to Country(ies): As the regional center on disability the strengthening of international aid poli- and development, APCD has been collaborating cies and aid architecture. with thirty-two countries in the Asia and Pacific. ASEAN subregion is one of its priorities. The CDDE Facility offers the following key features: Overview: Facilitating persons with disabilities (PWDs) and their groups/organizations in the 1. Initiatives developed by partner country context of disability and development, APCD pro- governments and other stakeholders includ- vides training and information support based on ing civil society organizations (CSOs) and its network in the Asia and Pacific region. Particu- parliaments. larly, APCD’s approach is to mobilize resources at 2. The Asia-Pacific Aid Effectiveness Commu- all levels (individual, organizational, and societal) nity of Practice is a multi-stakeholder group in collaboration with more than thirty focal point giving emphasis to broadening partner- organizations (government ministries/agencies in ships as articulated in the Accra Agenda for charge of disability) and around 200 associate Action. organizations (self-help groups/organization of PWDs, and grassroots nongovernmental organiza- 3. Members include representatives from part- tions at the national level). ner country governments, legislature, CSOs, and donor partners. Duration: Phase I: August 2002–July 31, 2007. Phase II: August 2007–July 31, 2012 Duration: The CDDE Facility was launched in March 2009; it is continuing, and demand for its Budget (optional): 1) About 30 percent from services is increasing. The current time frame for TICA/MSDHS and the Government of Thailand; results monitoring is up to end 2011. 2) About 30 percent from APCD Foundation; 3) About 40 percent from JICA Budget (optional): ADB: US $200,000; Govern- ment of Japan: US $30,000; UNDP: US $125,000; Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Akiie World Bank: US $50,000; World Bank Institute: Ninomiya US $30,000; Total: US $435,000 Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Executive Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Lava Director, APCD Awasthi City: Bangkok, Thailand Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Joint Secretary, Ministry of Education, Government of Nepal [AP-6] Argentina-Bangladesh—Water City: Katmandú, Nepal management for water and food security

Organization(s): Training Center of the Bangla- [AP-5] Thailand – Asia-Pacific Development desh Chemical Society, Dakha, and Dr. Javier Qua- Center on Disability gliano and the R&D Institute of the Ministry of Defense (Buenos Aires) Organization(s): Thailand International Devel- opment Cooperation Agency (TICA), Minis- Country(ies): Argentina, Bangladesh try of Social Development and Human Security Overview: This case is about cooperation between (MSDHS), Government of Thailand Foundation Argentina and Bangladesh for dealing with arsenic of the Asia-Pacific Development Center on - Dis contamination of water and food. In Bangladesh ability (APCD Foundation), and the Japan Inter- arsenic is in waters that supplies a population of national Cooperation Agency (JICA) a hundred million. Moreover, well waters are used

Case stories Overview 55

South-south.indd 55 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. mainly for irrigation in agricultural production finance and institutional development to improve and toxic migrates to crops, as in certain areas safety and security standards within the aviation of Argentina cropland. Solving this problem with sector of the Pacific Islands participating countries. scarce resources is a big challenge and needs differ- Aviation safety and security are public goods; ent approaches from very different countries and however, given the small and fragmented nature of cultures. the Pacific aviation sector, it is difficult to provide Duration: 2007 to date the necessary oversight on a national and regional basis to ensure adequate provision. Aggregation Budget (optional): 2000 of services or functions on a regional basis creates Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Abul economies of scale and scope that transform their Basher Miah; Dr. Javier Quagliano provision.

Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Head of Insti- The Pacific Plan recognizes that a new and inno- tute; Associate Projectist vative approach to the unique challenges that the Pacific Island countries face is through -a frame City: Dakha, Buenos Aires work of greater regional cooperation and integration—the PASO project is aligned to this [AP-7] AsDB PASO—Investing in aviation proposition. safety in the Pacific Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Robert Organization(s): Council of Directors (comprising Guild representatives of each member country that sets policy and monitors implementation and enforce- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Principal ment of technical findings of PASO), National Civil Transport Specialist, Pacific Department, Asian Aviation Authorities of member countries (CAA), Development Bank Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, private air trans- City: Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila, port service operators, Asian Development Bank Philippines (Pacific Department), and the International Civil Aviation Organization [AP-8] Thailand ACMECS—Human resources Country(ies): PASO member countries that are development currently parties to the Pacific Islands Civil Organization(s): Thailand International Develop- Aviation Safety and Security Treaty (PICASST) ment Cooperation Agency and the Ministry of are the Cook Islands, Kiribati, Niue, Nauru, Foreign Affairs Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. Countries that are Country(ies): Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic also members of PASO but not parties to the Republic, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand PICASST are Australia, Fiji, and New Zealand. Overview: Human resource development and Associate member organizations of PASO are the capacity building projects/activities provided to Asian Development Bank, Association of South member countries in seven areas of cooperation: Pacific Airlines, US Federal Aviation Agency, trade and investment facilitation, agricultural and the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. PASO cooperation, industrial and energy cooperation, membership is open to all Pacific Island Forum transport linkages, tourism cooperation, public member countries. health, and environment. Overview: The PASO project is a regional tech- Duration: Since the first ACMECS Summit on nical cooperation through intergovernmental November 12, 2003, in Bagan, Myanmar

56 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 56 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mrs. Jitkasem tance to some members to participate in INWEPF Tantasiri meetings. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director of Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Yasuhisa Thai Cooperation Branch I, Development Coop- Kayama; Mr. David Groenfeldt, PhD (INWEPF eration Bureau, Thailand International Develop- Consultant); INWEPF Japanese secretariat ment Cooperation Agency, Ministry of Foreign Title of Primary Contact Person(s): The Japanese Affairs, Thailand Institute of Irrigation and Drainage; Director City: Bangkok, Thailand Water and Culture Institute; Ministry of Agricul- ture, Forestry, and Fisheries

[AP-9] Japan—South-South networking around City: Santa Fe, New Mexico paddy fields [AP-10] Japan—Innovative triangular Organization(s): International Network for Water cooperation with ASEAN countries (JARCOM) and Ecosystem in Paddy Fields (INWEPF) Organization(s): Council for the Development Country(ies): Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, of Cambodia; Bureau for Technical Coopera- Egypt, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, tion, State Secretariat of Indonesia; Department Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, of International Cooperation of Lao People’s Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam Democratic Republic; Economic Planning Unit of Overview: A South-South network to improve Malaysia; Foreign Economic Relations Depart- policies and practices related to paddy (rice) ment of Myanmar; National Economic and agricultural systems in Monsoon Asia. INWEPF Development Authority of the Philippines; Tech- holds annual general meetings and more frequent nical Cooperation Directorate of Singapore; Thai- meetings of the three working groups focusing land International Development Cooperation on 1) technical issues, 2) policy and awareness, Agency; Ministry of Planning and Investment of and 3) development cooperation, plus a regular Vietnam; National Directorate for Planning and e-newlsetter. External Assistance Coordination of Timor-Leste (observer); and Japan International Cooperation Duration: INWEPF was established formally in Agency (JICA) November 2004 and intends to continue into the forseeable future. Country(ies): Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Vietnam, Timor-Leste (mainly Budget (optional): INWEPF does not collect mem- as recipients), Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, bership fees or other types of fees from members. Singapore, Thailand (mainly as providers), and INWEPF activities of each member are imple- Japan (donor for the triangular cooperation) mented and funded by the member organizations. Some members, especially the host countries of Overview: JICA-ASEAN Regional Cooperation INWEPF annual meetings, allocate a budget spe- Meeting (JARCOM) was a unique triangular coop- cifically for INWEPF activities. Because INWEPF eration framework in Southeast Asia. Originally doesn’t have a dedicated secretariat, however, designed as a mechanism to formulate good qual- the total budget of INWEPF-related activities ity SSC projects, it gradually evolved into a forum is not accounted. In the case of Japan, the bud- to discuss common development challenges in the get is 8,600 thousands Japanese Yen (equivalent region. While the Northern donor stepped back to US $95,000). This is used for the activities of as a facilitator, it’s all-stakeholder-participatory INWEPF Japanese committee and financial assis- and transparent process enhanced the ownership of both recipients and providers. Peer pressures

Case stories Overview 57

South-south.indd 57 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. among ASEAN members nurtured self-help efforts and Sudan were invited to the program. The 2009 and leaderships in the South. course was the fifth year of the six-year cooperation with MTCP and JICA. In the past we had also Duration: 2002–2007 (duration of JARCOM invited participants from Sri Lanka, East Timor, annual meetings) and Bosnia-Herzegovina based on their current Budget (optional): Budgets for SSC training situation and needs. are varied depending on the number of trainees, travel costs, duration, and subject matter, Duration: Two weeks every year from 2005 to but roughly ranging from US $30,000 to US 2010 $80,000. Some pivotal countries shared the Budget (optional): Cost of conducting the course costs with JICA (Malaysia: 50 percent; Singa- is shared by the MTCP and JICA on a 50 percent- pore: 50 percent; and Thailand: approximately each basis. 30 percent). Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Khadijah Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Ms. Yasuko Khalid Matsumi (author of case story); Mr. Tatsuhiro Mitamura (focal point of JICA headquarters) Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Executive Director, International Institute of Public Policy Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Former and Management (INPUMA) Regional Project Formulation Advisor, JICA Regional Support Office for Asia (Thailand), cur- City: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia rently Project Formulation Advisor at JICA Egypt Office; Assistant Director, Development Partner- [AP-12] China—IPRCC as a platform for ship Division Operations Strategy Department, South-South cooperation JICA City: Cairo, JICA Egypt Office (current country of Organization(s): International Poverty Reduction residence); JICA headquarters, Tokyo, Japan Centre in China (IPRCC) closely connected with China’s State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development, Ministry [AP-11] Malaysia-Japan—Achieving peace in of Commerce, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and multicultural societies the National Development and Reform Com- Organization(s): Japan International Coopera- mission and Ministry of Finance. IPRCC is also tion Agency (JICA), the Government of Malay- linked with the United Nations Development Por- sia, Malaysia Technical Cooperation Programme gram (UNDP), World Bank, Asian Development (MTCP), International Institute of Public Policy Bank, and the UK Department for International and Management (INPUMA), and the University Devleopment of Malaya Country(ies):China, Africa, Asia-Pacific region, Country(ies): Malaysia and Latin America Overview: Malaysia as a multicultural and reli- Overview: IPRCC, launched in 2005, is an gious nation with successful economic and social international organization jointly initiated by development can provide other developing coun- the Chinese government, the UNDP, and other tries with unique opportunities to learn how the international organizations. The boards of trustees Government of Malaysia has been managing its and advisors have been established. IPRCC has complex cultural and religious aspects with dif- grown to be one of the flagship organizations in ferent ethnicities as a nation. A total of twenty- China for South-South cooperation. Core activities four government officials from Afghanistan, Iraq, include:

58 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 58 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. • Organizing international exchange on pov- and remodeled BANBEIS Computer Division as erty reduction through sharing of knowl- the centre of excellence. edge, information, and experiences; Duration: July 2006 – June 2009 • Providing training and consultancy services Budget (Optional): Total: US$ 1.78 million (Proj- to professionals involved in poverty reduc- ect Aid : US$1.6 million, Govt.: US$ 0.18 million) tion worldwide; Name of Primary Contact Person: (1) Mr. • Organizing theoretical and applied research Monowar Ahmed (if not available, please contact) for knowledge building, policy analysis and (2) Mr. Rafique Ahmed Siddique advocacy. Title of Primary Contact Person: JCS Coordina- • Cooperating with international organization Officer, Aid Effectiveness Unit, Economic tions to design and implement poverty Relations Division (ERD) reduction programs for specific needs in developing countries. City: Dhaka, Bangladesh Duration: Started in 2005. Ongoing [AP-14] Bangladesh-Korea—BARD community Budget (optional): IPRCC Revenue and Expen- development ditures in 2008 (excluding capital investments): Total revenue: US $3.44 million. Total expendi- Organization(s): Bangladesh Academy for Rural tures: US $2.287million. Development (BARD), Kotbari, and Comilla Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Ms. Li Xin Country(ies): Bangladesh, Korea Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Deputy Divi- Overview: Bangladesh and the Republic of sion Chief, Division of Exchanges, IPRCC Korea share the common strategy for accelerated City: Beijing, China poverty reduction and achievement of other Millennium Devleopment Goals. In pursuance with common development approach, Korea [AP-13] Bangladesh-Korea—ICT Training International Cooperation Agency and BARD Centre for education launched the Integrated Community Development Project in Burichang Upazila of Comilla District Organization(s): Bangladesh Bureau of Education in Bangladesh. The project aims at establishing Information & Statistics (BANBEIS), Ministry of a participatory community development model Education to champion the national priority by improving Country (ies): Bangladesh institutional and physical infrastructure of the Overview: In pursuance with national ICT rural community and enhancing the capacity policy 2002 to foster knowledge-based society, of the people’s organization in the planning, Bangladesh Bureau of Education Information implementing, monitoring, and evaluation of and Statistics (BANBEIS), in collaboration development objectives. with Korea International Cooperation Agency Duration: July 2008–June 2011 (KOICA) initiated a project “Establishment of Bangladesh-Korea ICT Training Center for Budget (optional): Project Aid: US $3.44 million. Education (BKITCE)”to facilitate building Government: US $.08 million. Total: US $3.52 appropriate IT infrastructure by setting up and million operating a state-of-the-art Training Center in the Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Kamrul country with 5 (five) ICT labs in the renovated Ahsan

Case stories Overview 59

South-south.indd 59 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Project Direc- Ltd; Assistant General Director Procurement and tor, Integrated Community Development Proj- Training Center, PPWSA ect in Burichang Upazila of Comilla District in City: Manila, Philippines Bangladesh City: Comilla, Bangladesh [AP-16] Laos-Vietnam—Exchanging on local administration aeform [AP-15] AsDB Cambodia-Vietnam—Twinning of water utilities Organization(s): Public Administration and Civil Service Authority, Laos National Academy of Pub- Organization(s): Binh Duong Water Supply Sewer- lic Administration, Vietnam Japan International age Environment Company Limited (BIWASE) and Cooperation Agency Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority (PPWSA) Country(ies): Laos and Vietnam Country(ies): Provider: Cambodia (PPWSA). Overview: Currently, Lao People’s Democratic Recipient: Vietnam (BIWASE) Republic is implementing a Local Administration Overview: Asian Development Bank (ADB) Reform. This workshop will therefore help Lao has adopted and improved on twinning as a People’s Democratic Republic to draw lessons to development strategy for its Water Operators’ proceed in an effective way with the Local Admin- Partnership (WOPs) Program. The WOPs program istration Reform in the country though exchanging promotes knowledge sharing and builds the experiences, insights, and advice between Viet- capacity of water operators and utilities in the Asia nam and Laos. It is well known that neighboring and Pacific region. Among its key initiatives is the Vietnam has accomplished several milestones in twinning of twenty water utilities and operators in reforming and strengthening its local administra- the Asia-Pacific region. tion, which will help the Lao People’s Democratic Where most twinning arrangements pair off enti- Republic government to accelerate the implemen- ties with similar characteristics on the assumption tation of its own reform program and achieve tan- that they will share similar problems and solu- gible results in this area. tions, ADB’s approach is to match a stronger water Duration: November 12–13, 2009 and sanitation utility (expert) with a developing Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Kouthong utility (recipient). The aim is to enable the latter Sammala to improve service coverage and delivery, financial sustainability, and other aspects of its performance. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Anolack Chanpasith Duration: July 2007–October 2009 City: Vientiane Capital, Lao People’s Democratic Budget (optional): ADB Advance Payment Facility Republic budget for the BIWASE and PPWSA twinning: US $31,000 Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Paulus van [AP-17] Indonesia-Japan—Participatory Klaveren; Nguyen Van Thien; Dr. Chea Visoth Ing Agriculture Extension (PhD) Organization(s): Agency for Agricultural Human Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Water Supply Resource Development (AAHRD), Ministry of and Sanitation Specialist, Energy and Water Divi- Agriculture, Government of Indonesia (GoI), sion, Southeast Asia Department; Director Binh Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Doung Water Supply—Sewerage Environment Co. and the Government of Japan (GoJ)

60 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 60 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Country(ies): Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, vices, Ministry of Agriculture) and the GoJ (JICA). Philippines, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Egypt, Kenya, The project was implemented in Singosari AI Cen- and South Africa ter from 1986 to 2002. The center has carried out training program since 1986 and trained 5,602 Overview: In line with the wide-ranging reforms trainees both domestic and overseas. in 1998—including democratization, decentral- ization, and public governance—the AAHRD To better share Indonesian experiences in artificial decided to modify its training system for agri- insemination with other countries, GoI and GoJ cultural extension officers with the “bottom-up agreed to conduct “Development Countries Train- approach” by introducing—among others—more ing Course of Artificial Insemination on Dairy participatory trainings, which were successfully Cattle” under the JICA’s Third Country Training disseminated to Indonesian officers by AAHRD Program. in cooperation with JICA.To share the Indonesian Duration: The course was from 2007–2009, with experiences with other countries, GOI and GoJ detail as follows. First batch: February 19–March agreed to jointly organize the “Training of Train- 17, 2007. Second batch: February 26–March 24, ers for Participatory Training Program on Agricul- 2008. Third batch: February 16–March 15, 2009. tural Extension Methodology.” The course for 2010 has been proposed by the GoI Duration: From 2008 to 2010. The implementa- and is currently under consideration by the GoJ. tion of the training course: November 9–22, 2008, Budget (optional): The course was funded by GoJ and November 8–21, 2009. through JICA and GoI, with the following details: Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Ir. Ella Rosi- 2007—GoI: US $11,200. GoJ: US $45,567,5. lawati K, M.Si. Total: US $56,767,5. 2008—GoI: US $11,800. GoJ: US $56,445. Total: US $68,245. 2009—GoI: Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Head of US $12,400. GoJ: US $78,045. Total: US $90,445 Division for Agriculture Training Program and Cooperation, Bureau of Agriculture Training Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mrs. Development Herliantien City: Jakarta Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director of SNAIC [AP-18] Indonesia-Japan—Training on artificial City: Malang, East Java Province, Indonesia insemination of dairy cattle

Organization(s): Singosari National Artificial [AP-19] Vietnam-Nepal—Exchange on Insemination Centre (SNAIC), Ministry of Agri- development strategies culture, Government of Indonesia (GoI), Japan Organization(s): Constituency Assembly (Nepal), International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and th Ministry of Finance (Nepal), National Planning e Government of Japan (GoJ) Commission (Nepal), Ministry of Planning and Country(ies):Indonesia, Cambodia, Lao People’s Investment (MPI) (Vietnam), Central Institute of Democratic Republic, Vietnam, Thailand, Malay- Economic Management (CIEM) (Vietnam), Viet- sia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Papua New Guinea, nam Academy of Social Science (VASS) (Vietnam), Fiji, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Sudan, Kenya, and Zimbabwe Nepal, and Vietnam Overview: The Strengthening of Artificial Insemi- Country(ies): Nepal and Vietnam nation Centre in Indonesia was jointly established Overview: The primary objective is to provide by the GoI (Directorate General of Livestock Ser- some thought materials for Nepal’s leaders to con-

Case stories Overview 61

South-south.indd 61 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. sider the development strategy for the new federal Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Michael republic of Nepal through the exchange of views Dickerson and experiences with Vietnamese counterparts. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Consultant, Duration: First dialogue program: August 15–24, Indian Council for Research on International Eco- 2009. Second dialogue program: Febrauary 28– nomic Relations March 10, 2010. High-level dialogue programs City: New Delhi, India are under discussion.

Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Cao [AP-21] ITEC India—Indian expertise for Manh Cuong and Mr. Toru Arai sustainable development

Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Deputy Direc- Organization(s): Indian Technical and Economic tor General, Foreign Economic Relations Depart- Cooperation (ITEC); Division of the Ministry of ment, Ministry of Planning and Investment and External Affairs, Government of India; forty-five Senior Aid Coordination Advisor, JICA Vietnam, institutions in India, and 156 partner countries Hanoi. Country(ies): India and 156 other developing City: Hanoi, Vietnam (partner) countries Overview: The ITEC Civilian Training Programme [AP-20] Barefoot College—Boosting rural solar was created to share Indian expertise in a range of energy fields to develop human capital in other develop- Organization(s): Barefoot College; Indian Techni- ing countries (particularly the LDCs). The Govern- cal and Economic Cooperation; Division of the ment of India provides participants in the program Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India; return airfare, course fees, accommodations, and a multiple governments; multiple nongovernmental modest allowance. Participants may take courses organizations from forty-five reputabe Indian institutions in government, information technology, telecommu- Country(ies): India, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Ethio- nications, management, SME/rural development, pia, Tanzania, Sierra Leone, Mali, Cameroon, renewable energy, and other specialized disci- Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Mauritania, plines. The ITEC Civilian Training Programme Uganda, Benin, Malawi, Rwanda, and Bolivia trains close to 5,000 participants per year. Overview: Barefoot College trains rural, unedu- Duration: Ongoing cated (illiterate and semiliterate) women to build, install, maintain, and repair solar electrification Budget (optional): Approximately $11 million systems for off-grid electrification. Participants annually (100 percent funded by the Government from developing countries (mostly in Africa) are of India) trained in six months at the Barefoot campus in Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Michael Tilonia, Rajasthan. After completing the course, Dickerson the equipment the women build is shipped to their villages, where it is used to electrify the houses and Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Consultant schools in the community. City: New Delhi, India Duration: September 2008 to present [AP-22] AsDB China-India—Exchanging Budget (optional): Financial Year 2008-09: Total development experiences annual budget: US $2.5 million (Rs. 46). Sources: Goovernment: 6 percent; Foreign donors: 54 per- Organization(s): Ministry of Finance of the Gov- cent; Own sources; 40 percent ernments of the China (PRC) and India, Insti-

62 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 62 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. tute of Public Policy Studies at Peking University, ing expertise), Uwezo East Africa (civil service Indian Council for Research on International organization/recipient) Economic Relations, and the Asian Development Country(ies): Provider: United States (funding) Bank (AsDB) and India (expertise). Recipients: Kenya, Tanza- Country(ies): PRC and India nia, and Uganda Overview: This ADB technical assistance program Overview: This case story documents an example provided support to PRC and India to implement of South-South/triangular cooperation in the con- a program of studies on their development expe- text of building capacity with regard to primary riences on selected sectors and areas. The main and elementary education research. It involves a objective of this program is to provide an oppor- civil society organization from India, the ASER tunity for the policy-makers in both countries to Centre, sharing its expertise and experience with learn from each other’s experience in meeting their an organization, Uwezo East Africa, operating in common development challenges. Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, with funding from the Hewlett Foundation in an effort to build capac- The underlying theme of this exchange of develop- ity to undertake primary and elementary educa- ment experiences is to obtain an Indian perspective tion research to assess the status of rural education on PRC development experience through studies (learning levels, enrollment, and so on). by Indian think tanks and scholars and, likewise, to acquire a PRC perspective on Indian develop- Duration: 2008 to present ment experiences through studies by PRC think Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Michael tanks and scholars. Dickerson Duration: May 2007 to October 2008. TA Approval Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Consultant, to Dissemination Seminar in Hanoi, Vietnam; Indian Council for Research on International Eco- March 2010: Expected publication of book. nomic Relations Budget (optional): ADB: US $954,000, technical City: New Delhi, India assistance resources to cover the costs of consultants, seminars and workshops, exchange visits, publications, and contingencies. In-kind contribu- [AP-24] Slum Dwellers International—Mutual tion from governments in the form of staff time learning for human development and facilities besides meeting the indirect/over- Organization(s): SDI stands for a transnational head costs (over and above ADB’s contribution) federation whose members are hundreds of incurred by the participating government financed national organizations from countries across the institutions. global south. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Vankina Country(ies): SDI affiliates—Mature federa- B. Tulasidhar tions: Philippines, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Advisor, IED, Uganda, Tanzania, Ghana, Malawi, Zambia, Asian Development Bank Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Brazil. Emerging federations: Sierra Leone, Swaziland, City: Manila, Philippines and Bolivia. New initiatives: Pakistan, Madagas- car, Liberia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and [AP-23] ASER—Informing education policies with research Honduras. Allied groups: Thailand, Cambodia, Mongolia, Indonesia, Egypt, Nigeria, Angola, Organization(s): Hewlett Foundation (funding), Mozambique, Argentina, Venezuela, and Colom- ASER Centre (civil service organization provid- bia. Different affiliates find different forms of

Case stories Overview 63

South-south.indd 63 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. funding, from self-saving projects to donations users should be represented in the Road Fund made by foundations, development organizations, Board. This exchange helped lay the foundation nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the for the GoL decision to create a Road Mainte- North, and respective national governments. nance Fund, which today covers the maintenance of Lao People’s Democratic Republic entire Overview: SDI operates as a transnational network national road network and a portion of the local of local slum dweller organizations that have come road network. together to form federations of the urban poor. Their mission is to “link urban communities from Duration: The exchange between GoL and Ghana/ cities across the South to transfer and adapt the Zambia took place in 1999. The impact is still successful mobilization, advocacy, and problem- ongoing. solving strategies they develop in one location to Budget (optional): Study tour budget: US $25,000 other cities, regions, and countries.” to $50,000 Duration: Ongoing. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): H.E. Som- Budget (optional): Each SDI affiliate operates on mad Pholsena their own savings and budgets. SDI groups receive Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Minister Min- grants and loan finance from a wide range of agen- istry of Public Works and Transport cies, including local foundations and financing agencies, local and national government sources, City: Lao People’s Democratic Republic embassy and consultant funds, corporations, northern NGOs, northern foundations, bilateral agencies, and multilateral programs. LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Surabhi [LAC-1] SEGIB—Ibero-American South-South Tandon Cooperation Report Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Consultant, Organization(s): General Ibero-American Secre- ICRIER tariat (SEGIB) City: New Delhi Country(ies): The twenty-two countries that are members of the Conference Ibero-American, [AP-25] Laos-Ghana-Zambia—Learning on road maintenance namely Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colom- bia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Spain, Organization(s): World Bank and Ministry of Pub- Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Pan- lic Works and Transport, Government of Lao Peo- ama, Peru, Paraguay, Portugal, Dominican Repub- ple’s Democratic Republic (GoL) lic, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Andorra Country(ies): Providers: Ghana and Zambia. Overview: This is about the production of the Recipient: Lao People’s Democratic Republic annual report on South-South cooperation in Overview: In the late 1990s, GoL was consider- Ibero-America, which offers a general perspec- ing a sustainable financing mechanism for road tive on South-South cooperation involving Latin maintenance. In February 1999, a delegation of American countries. This perspective focuses on key GoL officials visited Ghana and Zambia to the technical dimension and modalities (Horizon- learn firsthand from their successes in financing tal Bilateral, Horizontal Regional, and Triangular) road maintenance. Through the study tour to of South-South cooperation. Africa, the GoL understood that road users were Duration: Within the framework of the Ibero- willing to pay for better road services and that American Program for the Strengthening of

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South-south.indd 64 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Horizontal South-South Cooperation, the Ibero- Budget (optional): The estimated cost per project American South-South Cooperation Report, of is US $60,000. annual publication, should remain being published, Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Monica Var- at least, until its sixth issue (corresponding to ona Guzman 2012). Title of Primary Contact Person(s): International Budget (optional): The annual budget destined Cooperation Map Coordinator to defray production, composition, proofreading, publishing, and diffusion costs of the report. Prac- City: Bogotá, Colombia tically three-fourths of this budget (US $80,000) are being granted by SEGIB. The rest of it (about [LAC-3] CARICOM—On-the-job training US $30,000), comes form the United Nation’s Pro- support for key senior officials gram for Development and is destined to the Eng- lish translation of the report. Organization(s): Caribbean Community (CARI- COM) Secretariat and the Technical Action Ser- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): José María vices Unit (TASU) Vera; Cristina Xalma Country(ies): The CARICOM member states Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Planning are Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barba- Director of the Cooperation Secretariat of SEGIB; dos, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Researcher of the Cooperation Secretariat of Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and SEGIB Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suri- City: Madrid, Spain name, and Trinidad and Tobago. (The Bahamas, Montserrat, and Haiti are currently not part of the [LAC-2] Colombia—Sharing cooperation CSME,) maps Overview: An attachment program providing Organization(s): Presidential Agency for Social on-the-job training support for key senior Action and International Co-operation (Acción officials with responsibility for implementation Social) of decisions of CARICOM. A host member state Country(ies): Provider: Colombia. Recipients: was identified where administrative systems Uruguay, Paraguay, El Salvador, Bolivia, and Cuba are more advanced and a five-day program was developed in collaboration with the CARICOM Overview: Many Latin American countries need to secretariat to meet a particular capacity need of compile information on the international coopera- another member state. A maximum of five officials tion programs operating in their territory for the nominated by the member state with the capacity purposes of decision-making and the planning of need are afforded the opportunity in real time to cooperation by the various stakeholders. Over the observe and participate, allowing for the transfer past few years, Colombia has developed coopera- and subsequent adaptation of best practices. tion maps, which are information systems designed to ensure efficient management and dissemination Duration: April 2003 to April 2008 of international cooperation. Colombia has so far Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Melbour made agreements, through its social action agency, Phillip for technology transfer and an exchange of experts with Bolivia, El Salvador, Cuba, Paraguay, and Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Technical Uruguay. Coordinator Duration: 2007 to present City: Georgetown

Case stories Overview 65

South-south.indd 65 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. [LAC-4] OEA—Inter-American Network for Overview: During the past ten years, Colombia Labor Management (RIAL) has developed a debt placement scheme based on the international experience of market makers. For Organization(s): Organization of American States that purpose, a set of rules, a structure, and a strat- (OAS) and Department of Social Development and egy were developed, enabling Colombia to build a Employment/Executive Secretariat for Integral local debt market and to keep high standards with Development regards to financing, types of debt, terms, and so Country(ies): The thirty-four states members of on. OAS: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Duration: The construction of the LAC Debt Group Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, started about four years ago with the support of Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, El the Inter-American Devleopment Bank (IDB) on Salvador, the United States, Grenada, Guatemala, the assumption that, given market dynamics, per- Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nica- manent contact allows know-how transference ragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Dominican without the establishment of a deadline to finish Republic, Santa Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, San the work. Vicente and the Grenadinas, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Budget (optional): The IDB has provided substantial resources for the annual organization of Overview: RIAL is the cooperation and technical two-day meetings of all public debt offices. The assistance mechanism between all ministries of meetings that took place in Brazil, Colombia, and labor. Its purpose is to strengthen the institutional Uruguay have been highlighted, with participa- and human capacities of these ministries through tion of over eighteen counties. Costs have been a mechanism aimed at the integration and divul- defrayed by the public debt offices and by the lDB. gence of knowledge and experiences. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Jorge William Duration: Starting date: May 2006. Currently Ortiz Linares under execution Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Deputy Direc- Budget (optional): Total (2006–2009): US $1.4 tor of National Internal Financing million. Cofinance: Canada: US $940 million; OAS: US $280,000; United States: US $121,000; City: Bogotá, Colombia Brazil: US $34,000; Mexico: $15,000; Argentina US $10,000 [LAC-6] El Salvador-Guatemala-Honduras— Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Maria Clau- Water management in the Trifinio region dia Camacho Organiazation(s): Office of the Vice President of Title of Primary Contact Person(s): RIAL Coordi- El Salvador nator and Labor Specialist, OAS Country(ies): El Salvador, Honduras, and City: Washington, DC Guatemala Overview: The creation of the Trifinio region [LAC-5] Colombia—Sharing experiences in meant institutionalizing a South-South coopera- public debt management tion process that began in 1988 between El Sal- vador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Based on the Organization(s): Ministry of Treasury and experiences and learning obtained from joint man- Finance—General Office of Public Finance and agement under the Trifinio Plan, the cooperation National Treasury consolidated a trinational entity that redefined the Country(ies): Colombia borders between the three countries as integration

66 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 66 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. and development zones. By recognizing the zone as Duration: 2000 to present an indivisible entity, it posited that only joint and Budget (optional): STEP Caribbean: USAID and coordinated action by the three countries could OAS funded more than US $2 million. STEP Cen- provide effective responses to its social and envi- tral America: OAS funded more than US $1.5 ronmental problems. million. STEP Andes (first phase proposed) US Duration: 1997 to present $500,000 Budget (optional): The consolidated total invest- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Richard ment made in all cooperation in the region, from Campbell 1997 to the present day, is currently unknown. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Chief, Office Efforts are being made to obtain that information. of Tourism Department of Economic Develop- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Claudia Agu- ment, Trade and Tourism’s Executive Secretariat ilar Garza for Integral Development Organization of Ameri- can States Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director-Gen- eral of Development Cooperation City: Washington, DC City: San Salvador [LAC-8] IDB—Jointly surveilling diseases in the Caribbean [LAC-7] OAS—Boosting small tourism enterprises Organization(s): Ministries of Health of the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Organization(s): Executive Secretariat for Integral and Trinidad and Tobago. The strategic partners Development Department of Economic Develop- accompanying the initiative are the Inter-Ameri- ment, Trade and Tourism Organization of Ameri- can Development Bank; the University of the West can States Indies at St. Augustine; the Pan-American Health Country(ies): Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Organization, mainly through the Caribbean Epi- Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint demiology Centre; and the Caribbean Community Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Secretariat. the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Country(ies): The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago Panama, El Salvador, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador are all recipients of the STEP Overview: The purpose of the project is to develop program assistance. a Caribbean Regional Non-Communicable Dis- ease (NCDs) Surveillance System that will con- Overview: The Small Tourism Enterprise Pro- tribute to better plan and deliver and monitor gramme (STEP) was designed to provide assistance comprehensive and integrated responses to NCDs. to small tourism enterprises and hotels to enhance The system aims to improve the collection, sys- their competitiveness. STEP provided training in tematization, and analysis of data associated with product and services delivery, a mechanism to NCDs in the countries of the Caribbean. It will embrace international standards, and avenues for help define programs and health protocols target- cost-effective marketing. STEP was first initiated in ing services for health promotion in the context the Caribbean and replicated in Central and South of NCDs, their prevention, and treatment. Ulti- America. The program’s success can be accredited mately, the project aims to achieve improvements to participatory engagement by the government in the capacity of countries to deliver cost-effective and private sector that were active collaborators in health services associated with NCDs, now recog- implementation.

Case stories Overview 67

South-south.indd 67 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. nized as the major cause of mortality and morbid- sary resources for 1) facilitating shared research in ity, both at the regional and the global levels. the subject area and knowledge transfer activities among participating countries, including South- Duration: Execution period: thirty-six months. South cooperation, 2) designing a regional infor- Disbursement period: forty-two months mation system, and 3) developing environments Budget (optional): IDB-FRPG: US $650,000. Local for transfer of capabilities and skills. counterpart: US $580,000. Total: US $1,230,000 Duration: Execution period: thirty-six months. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Laura Disbursement period: forty-two months Bocalandro Budget (optional): IDB: US $500,000. Local coun- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator, terpart: US $200,000. Total US $700,000 Regional Public Goods Programme, Inter-Ameri- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Laura can Development Bank Bocalandro City: Washington, DC Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator, Regional Public Goods Program, Inter-American [LAC-9] IDB—Exchanging practices on Development Bank managing public debt City: Washington, DC Organization(s): National Debt Management Offices of the Ministries of Finance and Economy [LAC-10] IDB—Cooperating on citizens’ of Argentina, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, security and violence prevention in LAC Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guate- Organization(s): National Planning Department mala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, (Colombia); Secretary of State, Interior and Police Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, (Dominican Republic); Ministry of Government Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. and Police (Ecuador); National Police (Hondu- Strategic partners accompanying the initiative ras); Ministry of Interior, Vice-Ministry of Internal are the Inter-American Development Bank, the Security (Paraguay); Ministry of Interior (Peru); Monetary Council of Central America, Caribbean and Ministry of Interior (Uruguay). Strategic part- Regional Technical Assistance Centre, the Interna- ners accompanying the initiative are the Inter- tional Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. American Development Bank and the Institute for Research and Development on Violence Preven- Country(ies): Argentina, the Bahamas, Barbados, tion and Promotion of Social Coexistence. Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Sal- Country(ies): Colombia, Dominican Republic, vador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Ecuador, Honduras, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Overview: Before the inception of this South- Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, South cooperation project, the countries in the and Venezuela. Latin American region were searching for a collab- Overview: This initiative focuses on creating and orative mechanism that would allow them to deal using knowledge transfer mechanisms and sharing with high levels of crime and violence through the debt management models and protocols by con- implementation of preventive and control public tinuously exchanging experiences across countries policies. Therefore, the South-South cooperation in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness project consisted in the design and implementation of the National Debt Management Offices in Latin of a regional system of nineteen standardized indi- America and the Caribbean. It provides the neces- cators to measure levels of criminality and violence

68 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 68 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. affecting the citizens of the participating countries. Country(ies): El Salvador, Guatemala, and The regional system of indicators made possible Honduras the identification, monitoring, and comparison of Overview: This initiative seeks to develop and pro- regional phenomena linked to crime and violence. mote trinational mechanisms for integrated and A common methodology for the measurement of sustainable water management as a regional public each agreed indicator was developed through the good in the Upper Lempa River Basin (ULRB) by joint collaboration of the participating institutions promoting strong horizontal cooperation among and countries. Also, the capacity of institutions in the participating countries: El Salvador, Guate- each participating country was strengthened in mala, and Honduras. The project involved three terms of consolidating their institutional coordi- components: the generation and management of nation skills and internally improving their data information on water resources, human resource collection methods. The project also promoted an training in water management, and trinational inter-institutional dialogue at the national level water management institutions. that resulted in cooperation agreements for continued support in improving the preparation of Duration: Execution period: thirty-six months. relevant information. Disbursement period: thirty-nine months Duration: Execution period: thirty-six months. Budget (optional): IDB: US $830,000. Local coun- Disbursement period: forty-two months terpart: US $110,100. Total: US $940,100 Budget (optional): IDB: US $1,800,000. Local Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Laura counterpart: US $890,000. Total US $2,690,000 Bocalandro Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Laura Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator, Bocalandro Regional Public Goods Programme, Inter-Ameri- can Development Bank Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator, Regional Public Goods Program, Inter-American City: Washington, DC Development Bank City: Washington, DC [LAC-12] IDB—Jointdata base for MERCOSUR social security institutions

[LAC-11] IDB—Coming together in the Organization(s): National Social Security Admin- Trifinio region of El Salvador, Guatemala, and istration of Argentina, the Ministry of Social Honduras Welfare of Brazil, the Social Welfare Institute of Organization(s): Forty-five municipalities from the Paraguay, and the Social Welfare Bank of Uruguay. three countries that comprise the Trifinio region’s Strategic partners accompanying the initiative are Upper Lempa River Basic, the Trifinio Plan Com- the Inter-American Development Bank and the mission, the three national governments through Ibero-American Social Security Organization. their vice-presidencies offices, the thirteen National Country(ies): Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and League of Municipalities (Mancomunidades), the Uruguay Tri-national Federation of Municipalities’ Leagues Overview: This initiative aims to contribute to (Mancomunidad Trinacional) , Municipal Envi- protecting the social security rights of migrant ronmental Units, other national, departmental workers of the MERCOSUR countries through the (state), and municipal education units, associa- creation of a Single Database for Social Security tions and unions in the private sector, local non- Institutions (SDSI) in the MERCOSUR region. The governmental organizations, and civil society purpose is to integrate the social security systems

Case stories Overview 69

South-south.indd 69 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. of the MERCOSUR countries through develop- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Ms. Eriko ing and implementing a Data Transfer and Vali- YAMASHITA dation System (DTVS) to process retiree benefits Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Advisor under MERCOSUR’s Multilateral Social Security for Japan-Mexico Partnership Program, JICA Agreement. The initiative focuses its resources on Mexico promoting a horizontal partnership and capacity development, carrying out baseline studies to City: Mexico City, Mexico assess the situation before the project, developing and implementing the SDSI, training personnel [LAC-14] OAS—Triangulation of efforts for from social security agencies, and disseminating natural gas metrology information to stakeholders. Organization(s): National Center Of Metrology Duration: Execution period: forty-eight months. (Mexico), Bolivian Institute Of Metrology, Bolivia Disbursement period: fifty-four months National Institute Of Competition Defense and Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Laura Intelectual Property Protection, Peru National Bocalandro Institute Of Metrology, Normalização E Quali- dade Industrial, Brazil Physikalisch-Technische Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator, Bundesanstalt Braunschweig Y Berlin, Alemania Regional Public Goods Program, Inter-American Office of Tte General Secretary of the Organiza- Development Bank tion of American States City: Washington, DC Country(ies): Donor: Germany (of financial resources and technical assistance). Providers: Bra- [LAC-13] El Salvador-Mexico-Japan— zil (of technical assistance) and Mexico (of tech- TAISHIN (earthquake-resistant popular nical assistance). Recipients: Bolivia (of technical housing) project cooperation and assistance) and Peru (of technical Organization(s): Vice Minister of Housing and cooperation and assistance) Urban Development of El Salvador, Mexico’s Overview: Project initiates in 2007 within the National Center for Disaster Prevention, Japan framework of the Inter-American System of International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Metrology. Country(ies): El Salvador, Mexico, and Japan Objectives: Overview: After suffering a series of severe earth- • Strengthening regional cooperation quakes, the government of El Salvador requested • Widening technical capacity of the National Japan to extend technical cooperation and estab- Institutes of Metrology of Bolivia and Peru lished the TAISHIN project with JICA. The project was implemented as a triangular project of El • Contribute to the efficiency of the natural Salvador, Japan, and Mexico because JICA had gas market and consumer protection offered assistance to Mexico for the same solu- • Potentializing reference services in order to tions in the past and it indeed generated numer- provide assistance to consumers, gas-sup- ous SSC advantages to implement the project in El plying enterprises; and regulating authori- Salvador. ties from Bolivia and Peru Duration: Phase I: TAISHIN project: From Duration: October 2007 to September 2010 Dececember 2003 to November 2008 (five years). Phase II: TAISHIN project: From May 2009 to Budget (optional): Financial resources from the April 2012 (three years) German government of US $1,450,000 (50 per-

70 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 70 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. cent in first phase and 50 percent in second phase the second phase: 25,200 € (US $39,000 in May post-2010). Cost of technical assistance from Ger- 2008): Guatemala: 77 percent; Mexico: 5 percent; many, Brazil, and Mexico: US $750,000. Total: US and Germany: 18 percent $2,200,000. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Axel Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Oscar Harasic Macht Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Head of the Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Program Department of the Science, Technology and Inno- Director vation Office, Department of Economic Develop- City: Mexico City, Mexico ment, Trade and Tourism of the Organization of American States [LAC-16] OAS-Chile-Caribbean—Promoting City: Washington, DC social protection

[LAC-15] Germany-Mexico-Guatemala— Organization(s): Department of Social Develop- Managing solid waste ment and Employment and the Organization of American States Organization(s): Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mexico Ministry of Environment and Natural Country(ies): Provider: Chile. Recipients: Barba- Resources, Guatemala, the German Federal Minis- dos, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, try for Economic Cooperation and Development, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trini- and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusam- dad and Tobago menarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Overview: The Puente in the Caribbean is a Country(ies): Mexico, Germany, and Guatemala horizontal cooperation initiative that seeks to strengthen social protection strategies in Overview: Guatemala was the first country to CARICOM countries by transferring the approach Germany and Mexico requesting assis- knowledge and lessons learned on the Chile Puente tance to achieve institutional strengthening and Program through capacity-building activities. It capacity development in integrated solid waste was launched in June 2007 as a pilot program, management. A first generation of the GIRESOL involving Jamaica, Saint Lucia, and Trinidad Network in Guatemala was formed in 2007 by help and Tobago and is in its second phase with four of Mexican and international experts. In a second additional countries. The Canadian International phase, seven Guatemalan environmental promoters Development Agency (CIDA) and the Government from the first generation were trained in Mexico as of Chile finance this project. instructors who then capacitated a second generation of solid waste experts in 2008 and 2009. Duration: June 2007 to December 2010 Duration: Start: December 2006. End: Official end Budget (optional): CIDA: US $324,000; Govern- of support for triangular cooperation: June 2009, ment of Chile: US $200,000; OAS in-kind contri- but activities are ongoing. Duration: thirty-one bution: US $681,685 (approximate). These totals months do not reflect the cash and/or in-kind contributions of the recipient countries. Budget (optional): According to the financial planning, the estimated budgets for the two phases Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Julie Nurse of cooperation were the following: Total budget Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Social Devel- of the first generation: 93,750 € (US $135,000 opment Specialist in 2007): Guatemala: 33 percent; Mexico: 32 percent; Germany: 35 percent. Total budget of City: Washington, DC

Case stories Overview 71

South-south.indd 71 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. [LAC-17] Spain-Chile-Paraguay—Building Title of Primary Contact Person(s): General Coor- triangular partnerships in the public sector dinator of Spanish Cooperation in Chile; Person in charge of the project in the Technical Office of Organization(s): Technical Triangular Coopera- Cooperation of Chile tion, Civil Service Office of Paraguay (SFP), Inter- national Cooperation Agency of Chile (AGCI), City: Santiago, Chile Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for Development (AECID) [LAC-18] SEGIB—Ibero-American Program of Country(ies): Paraguay, Chile, and Spain South-South Cooperation Overview: This experience is the development of a Organization(s): People responsible for Ibero- cooperation partnership between Paraguay, Chile, American Cooperation (directors of Cooperation and Spain in the project “Strengthening of Man- Agencies/General Directions of Ministries of For- agement and Human Development of public sec- eign Affairs). Promoted and coordinated by the tor workers in Paraguay,” which is currently under International Cooperation General Direction of execution. the Colombian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB). The case centers on the identification and design stages of the project. The process has been charac- Country(ies): Sixteen countries have joined and terized by political support and by joint technical participated in the construction of the program: and institutional learning, which also entails the Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, construction of a relation and work model. Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Spain, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Paraguay, Dominican Duration: The identification process started with Republic, and Uruguay. a first mission in Paraguay on May 11, 2009. The cooperation agreement and the project document Overview: Progress has been made in the debate were signed on November 24, 2009. The total and reflection on South-South cooperation within period was six and a half months. the framework of the meetings of Cooperation Directors and in relation to the Ibero-American Budget (optional): SFP: approximately US $1,100 Conference. (logistics for identification and design meetings in Paraguay, logistics for the agreement signing event The analysis has served as a basis for the identi- and communications on the signed agreement). fication of strengths, weaknesses, and challenges AGCI: approximately US $8,400 (design and of Latin American countries in the field of South- identification internship in Paraguay—two - tech South cooperation (gathered also in the annual nicians form AGCI, travel allowance for formu- South-South Cooperation Report) and in the prac- lation internship in Chile—two general directors tice of other Horizontal Programs supported by from SFP, agreement signature Internship—AGCI the SEGIB. executive director). AECID: approximately US The program of South-South Cooperation Rein- $4,000 (design and identification internship in forcement, which was approved at the eighth Paraguay—one technician from AECID, plane Ibero-American Summit in San Salvador (2008) tickets for formulation internship in Chile—two and prepared for being implemented through general directors from SFP, and agreement sig- 2009, includes guidelines for the improvement nature Internship—General Coordinator Chile’s of information and coordination systems; human Technical Office) resource building; the annual South-South Coop- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Cristina eration Report; a bank of good practices; and the Aldama Calles; Izaskun Sánchez Tolosa organization of forums and debates on the subject.

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South-south.indd 72 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. Duration: Three years starting January 1, 2010 Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Granada, Guate- mala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Budget (optional): Minimal contributions com- Nicaragua, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint mitted to financial resources: Chile: US $60,000; Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Surinam, Colombia: US $100,000; El Salvador: US $10,000; Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela Spain: US $600,000; Mexico: US $100,000; Dominican Republic: US $90,000; SEGIB: US Overview: The Cooperation Strategy for the Carib- $500,000. Total: US $1,5 million. Other partici- bean Basin emerged as a response to the needs pant countries don’t rule out making financial con- identified by countries of the region, in terms of tributions, and they have offered human resources knowledge exchange, to consolidate regional eco- as well as their experience and technical resources. nomic development. The strategy is centered on the strengthening of institutions in five priority Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Patricia areas: technical education and vocational train- González; Enrique Maruri; José María Vera ing, disaster assistance and prevention, food safety Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Manager of and nutrition, bilingualism, and academic mobil- the Program; Director of International Coopera- ity. This initiative has a participative approach, in tion at the Colombian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; which the main interests and expectations of par- Planning Director of SEGIB. ticipant countries are fundamental at each stage of City: Bogotá, Colombia the project. Duration: First phase: January 2009 to December [LAC-19] Colombia—Caribbean strategy 2009. Second phase: January 2010 to December 2010 Organization(s): Leading organization in the Budget (optional): First phase: Ministry of Foreign cooperation program: Colombian Ministry of Affairs input: US $458,500; input of national asso- Foreign Relations. Other organizations involved: ciated institutions: US $260,000. Second phase: State Entities for Technical Assistance and Train- Ministry of Foreign Affairs input: US $500,000; ing from the twenty-five countries of the -Carib input of national associated institutions: US bean basin; institutions in charge of enforcing $600,000; input of regional mechanisms: FUPAD food security policy in seventeen countries of the US $500,000; OEA: US $100,000 Caribbean basin; offices in charge of disaster prevention and assistance in sixteen countries of the Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Enrique Caribbean basin; universities from fifteen Carib- Maruri Londoño bean countries; Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director of twenty-five countries; Heart Trust NTA; Associa- International Cooperation, Colombian Ministry tion of Caribbean States; Organization of Ameri- of Foreign Affairs can States; Colombian Ministry of Education; National Learning Service of Colombia; Colom- City: Bogotá, Colombia bian Institute for Credit and Technical Studies Abroad; Colombian Family Welfare Institute; [LAC-20] Uruguay—Building institutions for National University of Colombia; Food Safety horizontal partnership Network; Presidential Agency for Social Action and International Cooperation (Acción Social); Organization(s): Planning and Budget Office— and the Pan-American Development Foundation Presidency of the Republic, Uruguay Country(ies): Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Country(ies): Recipients: Uruguay (partner/recipi- Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, ent), Chile, and Colombia. Partner: Mexico

Case stories Overview 73

South-south.indd 73 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. Overview: In 2007, the Uruguayan government Budget (optional): At the time of writing, annual set out to undertake a process of institutional contributions had been made by Mexico and Chile reform regarding international aid management totalling US $6 million. and geared toward increasing the impact of aid in national and regional development. During this [LAC-22] Argentina-Bolivia—Managing process, the program coordination settled for a genetic resources in the Tucuman rain forest strategy based upon partnerships with key agencies in the region in the framework of South-South Organization(s): National Institute of Farming cooperation agreements. Technology and Tropical Agriculture Research Duration: March 2008 to August 2010 Center) Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Martin Country(ies): Argentina and Bolivia Rivero Illa Overview: Traditionally, forestry activity in Latin Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Program Coor- America has been characterized for its extractive dinator/Director of the International Cooperation and selective exploitation of forests, producing Department of the OPP high vulnerability on native forests with high-commercial-value resources, such as Cedrela lilloi and City: Montevideo, Uruguay Cedrela balansae. In the Tucuman-Bolivian For- est, a large part of these populations is subject to [LAC-21] México-Chile—Joint cooperation fund severe fragmentation and degradation processes, thus requiring the technical cooperation of Argen- Organization(s): Economic Relations and Inter- tina and Bolivia in order to evaluate the conserva- national Co-operation Unit/Directorate General tion state of these resources and to delineate some of Technical and Scientific Co-operation, Ministry appropriate strategies of joint conservation. of Foreign Relations, And International Co-operation Agency of Chile Duration: June 2009 to November 2010 Country(ies): Donors and recipients: Mexico and Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Luis Chile, since this is horizontal cooperation Fornes Overview: The Mexico-Chile Strategic Partnership Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator of Agreement (SPA), signed on January 28, 2006, pro- the National Project for Native Species Domesti- vides for the creation of a joint cooperation fund cation of Argentinean Subtropical Forests (INTA) with an annual endowment of US $2 million dur- City: Tucuman, Argentina. ing the first three years of operation, with Mexico and Chile each contributing US $1 million. [LAC-23] Argentina-Peru—Investing in The aim of the fund is to finance technical-scien- agrarian health tific and education-cultural cooperation programs, projects, and activities in the public sector, based Organization(s): National Agrarian Health Ser- on reciprocity, shared interest, and complementa- vice of Peru (SENASA) and La Plata University rity, addressing political-institutional, democracy, (Argentina) human rights, economic, environmental, labour, Country(ies): Donor: Argentina. Recipient: Peru cultural, social, agricultural, forestry, tourism, and educational issues. Overview: The Diagnostic Center of Animal Health of SENASA didn’t have the required condi- Duration: Starting month: March 20, 2007. Fin- tions or the trained staff to start its diagnosis work ishing month: No specific date on avian health. For this reason, the center found it

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South-south.indd 74 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. convenient to request assistance from Argentina to there were few mechanisms and forums aimed at train Peruvian professionals on this subject matter. promoting the exchange of experiences in DDR. Thus, the TSSC strategy on DDR objective is to The project relied on the consultancy of experts provide an actionable plan to improve DDR prac- from La Plata University in Argentina, who worked tices by filling this void. This cooperation strat- for over four years. It was a triangular cooperation egy began as a response to Colombia´s interest in project with Japan. internationalizing its experience and the need to By the end of the project, SENASA counted on understand the global know-how in DDR. How- trained staff and was carrying out diagnoses it ever, the development of the process has taken its couldn’t perform before. The project also impacted own dynamic and follows a path led by the specific universities, partnerships of producers, and profes- needs and interests of the countries that partici- sionals who have been indirectly trained. pated in the first International Congress on DDR Duration: Started in 2003 and ended in 2006 organized by the ACR. Budget (optional): Due to the fact that this is a Duration: The strategy started in February 2009 South-South cooperation project, there was no and it is estimated to end on the first quarter of budget management right from the beginning. The 2011 estimated cost of the project was approximately US Budget (optional): Government of Colombia: US $100,000, including in-kind contributions. This is $500,000; Government of Sweden: US $50,000; one of the weaknesses in South-South cooperation, Government of Brazil: US $30,000; Government since there is no management of a fixed budget and of the Philippines: US $35,000; United Nations only tickets and travel allowances are estimated. Development Program: US $150,000; UN DPKO: Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Carlos Pando US $5,000; OIM: US $50,000. To be funded: US Sánchez $250,000. Total: US $1,070,000 Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Execu- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Juan Viana tive Director, Peruvian Agency of International Title of Primary Contact Person(s): International Cooperation Cooperation Advisor, Office of the Presidential City: Lima, Peru High Counselor for Reintegration City: Bogotá, Colombia [LAC-24] Colombia—Deepening disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration [LAC-25] Ecuador-Bolivia—Fighting together against dengue Organization(s): Office of the High Presidential Counselor for Reintegration (Colombia) (ACR) Organization(s): Ministry of Public Health of Country(ies): Haiti, the Philippines, Brazil, Sri Ecuador Lanka, the Department of Peace Keeping Opera- Country(ies): Ecuador. Partner: Bolivia tions of the United Nations (DPKO), and Colombia Overview: In the year 2009, Bolivia presented a Overview: Disarmament, demobilization, and large number of dengue hemorrhagic cases in its reintegration (DDR) processes require not only tropical areas. For this reason the government considerable human and financial resources, but, declared a public health emergency in the area more importantly, innovative solutions that can and requested international support. In the past only be attained with the contribution of every few years, the Ecuadorian government developed experienced practitioner in this field. Up to 2009, technical capacities in order to face and control

Case stories Overview 75

South-south.indd 75 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. the dengue hemorrhagic, thus enabling Ecuador to Duration: January to March 2009 deliver a mission of ten experts on the subject with Budget (optional): US $208,478 the purpose of controlling the epidemic. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Maria T The initiative that was implemented focused on: Mellenkamp • Epidemiologic surveillance Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator, • Outbreak control Section of Electoral Technical Cooperation/Depart- ment for Electoral Cooperation and Observation • Community participation and inter-institutional coordination City: Washington, DC • Appropriate clinical management of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic [LAC-27] Brazil-Colombia—Rural energization Duration: Ten days, from March 20–29, 2009 Organization(s): Mining and Energy Planning Budget (optional): Estimated budget: tickets Unit, Ministry of Mining and Energy and accommodations: US $42,000; Equipment Country(ies): Recipiente: Colombia and inputs: US $372,000; Experts: US $5,454.5; Overview: Brazil’s South-South technical bilateral Input transportation: US $16,142.25. Total: US cooperation covers several diverse areas such as $435,595.75 agriculture, education, and bio-energy. In 2009, Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Gustavo ABC had conducted the implementation of 594 Adolfo Giler Alarcón projects and activities in benefit of 56 countries. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): International This included trilateral South-South operations Cooperation Coordinator, MPH with developed countries and international organizations. From 2003 to 2009, the number of City: Quito, Ecuador partner countries on Brazilian cooperation grew by 150 percent, with projects and activities of over [LAC-26] Mexico-Ecuador—Sharing electoral US $90 million. systems Duration: October 2006 to April 2007 Organization(s): Organization of American States Budget (optional): Total: US $27,630.00 (OAS), Department for Electoral Observation and Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Márcio Lopes Cooperation, Mexican Electoral Federal Institute Corrêa (IFE), the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judi- ciary (TEPJF), and the Ecuadorian National Coun- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): General Coor- cil for Elections (CNE) dinator of Multilateral Technical Cooperation Country(ies): Mexico and Ecuador City: Brasilia, Brazil Overview: In preparation for Ecuador’s general elections in April and May 2009, the OAS and [LAC-28] Colombia-Chile—Transmilenio as a the IFE signed an agreement to provide electoral public transportation option cooperation to Ecuadorian electoral authorities. Overview: The construction of a mass transporta- To support this initiative, they combined efforts tion system involves institutional, financial, oper- with TEPJF by sending experts to Ecuador to col- ational, and even cultural challenges, inasmuch laborate with CNE staff in electoral organization, as it constitutes a structuring element of urban communication, electoral training, and other elec- planning. toral tasks.

76 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 76 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. In cities with large populations, mass transporta- ChileCompra, with the aim to modernize the tion systems of the BRT (bus rapid transit) kind system of public purchases and contracts of represent an optimum solution for passenger the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The transportation due to their relatively moderate implementation of the system used by ChileCompra cost and implementation periods if compared to entailed significant financial savings. It also other alternatives such as subway systems, light responded to the needs of the General Secretariat trains, and the like. They also allow passengers to of the Governor’s Office of the Province of Buenos interconnect different zones of the cities, generat- Aires by substantially improving productivity, ing benefits for users. To be successful, each city transparency, and access of small- and medium- must adapt these improvements to its particular sized businesses. basic needs. Duration: This experience was initiated in March Transmilenio, the public mass transportation sys- 2008, when the Provincial Office of Public Man- tem of Bogotá, is one of the eldest among its own agement and the Office of ChileCompra made kind and has consolidated as an efficient, self-sus- contact. The project is currently under its imple- tainable, and successful system. Thus, its experi- mentation phase. ence is useful for the design and implementation of Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Miguel Ángel similar systems. Being aware of that, Transmilenio Mouriño S.A. has designed a portfolio of services in order to share its knowledge with who may require it. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Provincial Director of Public Management Duration: Initial visits from the Chilean government to Bogotá in order to become familiar with City: La Plata, Argentina the Transmilenio case: December 2002. Period of consultancy to Aditiva S.A.: August 15 to Septem- [LAC-30] Costa Rica-Chile—Improving the ber 19, 2006 assessment of budget management

Budget (optional): Technical-assistance contract Organization(s): General Office of National Bud- value between Transmilenio S.A. and Aditiva S.A.: get, Ministry of the Treasury of Costa Rica; Public US $9,000.00 Budget Office, Ministry of the Treasury of Chile Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Martha Lucía Country(ies): Provider: Chile. Recipient: Costa Gutiérrez Echeverri Rica Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Trading Direc- Overview: The promulgation of the new Financial tor, Transmilenio S.A. Management and Public Budgeting Law (LAFRPP) City: Bogotá, Colombia No. 8131 of 2001 in the Republic of Costa Rica demands an effective accountability for the use of financial resources based on the development of [LAC-29] Chile-Argentina—Innovating the system of public purchases and contracts a programming and assessment methodology of budgetary management for the above-mentioned Organization(s): General Secretariat of the entities. Governor’s Office of the Buenos Aires Province In principle, I have been working as an officer with and Chilecompra Office in Chile expertise on the topic, and in a latter, more active Country(ies): Argentina and Chile stage, I have worked in the directive level on the implementation of said methodology with a spe- Overview: Experience exchanges and technology cial emphasis on the organs of the Central Govern- transfers were performed from the entity ment of Costa Rica.

Case stories Overview 77

South-south.indd 77 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. Duration: Start: 2007. End: At the moment, the adolescents in Haiti on the basis of a methodology project is in the phase of generalizing the expe- developed by DAGPyPS and UNICEF in Argentina. rience to the rest of the public sector. This phase Duration: The GPdNH project started to gestate was gradually put into effect, having currently by mid-2007, and its effective implementation advanced to approximately 80 percent, and is started in May 2009. The project is expected to anticipated to be concluded by 2012. conclude by March 2010. Budget (optional): Activities have reached an Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Martin approximate cost of US $500,000,00 that were Langsam contributed to the Program by the IDB through the PRODEV Program. There was a national Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Member of the counterpart of approximately US $ 100,000,00, Argentinean team (from DAGPyPS) which have fundamentally been assigned in-kind City: Buenos Aires, Argentina as human-resource provisions and other material resources assigned in the program. [LAC-32] Peru-Argentina—Olive growing Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Fabián David (preliminary) Quirós Álvarez Organization(s): Export Promotion Commis- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): General Dep- sion (PROMPEX) (now known as PROMPERU), uty Director of National Budget National Institute of Agricultural Technology City: San José, Costa Rica (INTA) of Argentina. Country(ies): Provider: Argentina (financing [LAC-31] Argentina-Haiti—Improving public through the Argentine Co-operation Fund). Recip- expenditure on childhood ient: Peru Organization(s): Office of Public Expenditure Overview: Given its climate and geographic Analysis and Social Programs (DAGPyPS), Depart- location, Peru is one of the few countries in the ment of the Ministry of Economy and Public world where olives can be left to ripen on the Finance (Argentina); National Observatory of tree before being harvested. Despite these natural Poverty and Social Exclusion, Department of the advantages, there are a number of deficiencies in Ministry of Planning and External Cooperation the way this crop is cultivated, owing to ignorance (Haiti); Office of Economic Studies, Department of good practices, as well as in its processing (BPM/ of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (Haiti); HACCP/ISO) and in marketing and technical Argentinean Horizontal Cooperation Fund; funds standards. managed by the Ministry of Foreign Relations, PROMPEX identified Argentina as a country with Foreign Trade and Religious Affairs (MRECIyC) experience in growing this crop, and it requested (Argentina); United Nations Children’s Fund technical assistance from INTA. This was imple- (UNICEF) (Haiti) mented in successive stages with highly positive Country(ies): Argentina, Haiti and sustainable results and visible impact on farmers in the southern zone of Peru. Overview: The GPdNH project is a contribution to the strengthening of Haitian government’s Duration: 1999–2006 capacities to quantify, analyze, and make decisions Budget (optional): As it forms part of the South- regarding social investment on Haiti’s children. South scheme, it does not have an identifiable Specifically, the project intends to estimate public budget, but it is estimated at around US resources invested for the growth of children and $100,000.

78 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 78 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. [LAC-33] OAS—Measuring water courses national Co-operation Department of the Ministry (preliminary version) of Foreign Relations and Worship, National Con- servation Areas System (SINAC) of the Ministry of Organization(s): Hydro-meteorological services of the Environment and Energy (MINAE), Ministry countries of the Central American isthmus and the of Agriculture (MAG), Cooprena R. L. Colombia: Dominican Republic Presidential Agency for Social Action and Inter- Country(ies): Recipients: Belize, Costa Rica, El national Co-operation (Acción Social), Alterna- Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, and the tive Development Programme of the Office of the Dominican Republic. Donors:�� Germany. Cooperat- President of the Republic, the Productive Forest ing organizations: United Nations Global Platform Steward Families Programme PFGB-P, and the for the Promotion of Early Warning and United Presidential Programme to Combat Illegal Crops. Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduc- Country(ies): Donors: Costa Rica (technical) tion. Agencies cooperating in the organization and Germany (financial). Recipient: Colombia IDEAM (Colombia) and World Meteorological (technical) Organisation (WMO) and INETER (Nicaragua). Overview: Twenty-one professionals from seven Overview: South-South co-operation helps to cre- countries received training on techniques for ate shared responsibility and solidarity between measuring water courses (liquid and solid). The neighboring countries whose specialists under- workshop instructor was provided by IDEAM stand their economic, cultural, and social reality. (Colombia). The project was organized by DDS/ This is the first SSC with Colombia on issues in OAS as part of the “Programme for flood vulnera- which Costa Rica has wide experience and leader- bility reduction and development of early warning ship, involving both public and private organiza- systems in minor river basins in Central America: tions. The aim is to strengthen relations between Development of a regional platform,” supported Costa Rica and Colombia by jointly building a by INETER (Nicaragua) and the WMO. solid and permanent bilateral SSC program. Duration: November 16–27, 2009 Duration: May 12–22, 2008. Community tourism in Costa Rica and its projection in Central Budget (optional): Government of Germany USD America, supported by COOPRENA R. L. (total 40,000.00; WMO: USD 3,000.00; INETER Nic- duration: eleven days). Support for the exchange aragua: USD 6,000.00; IDEAM Colombia: USD of community experiences in managing and restor- 5,000.00 ing ecosystems, supported by MINAE (total dura- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Javier Lopez tion: five days). Internship on the development of organic agriculture and the restoration of for- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator est ecosystems in Costa Rica, supported by MAG of the “Programme for flood vulnerability reduc- (total duration: five days). tion and development of early warning systems in minor river basins in Central America: Develop- Budget (optional): The total cost of the project ment of a regional platform.” was US $31,189.

City: San Bernardino, California Name of Primary Contact Person(s): María Chaves Sánchez [LAC-34] Costa Rica-Colombia—Promoting community rural tourism Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Project Ana- lyst, Multilateral Co-operation Unit, MIDEPLAN Organization(s): Costa Rica: Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (MIDEPLAN), Inter- City: San José, Costa Rica

Case stories Overview 79

South-south.indd 79 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. [LAC-35] Colombia-Brazil—Promoting exports [LAC-36] PAHO—Overseeing food and through the official postal service nutritional security

Organization(s): Government of the Federative Organization(s): Pan-American Health Republic of Brazil, Ministry of Communications of Organization/World Health Organization, the Brazil, Ministry of Development, Industry and For- Health Ministries of the countries involved, eign Trade of Brazil; Government of the Republic of University of Puerto Rico, University of Costa Colombia, National Planning Department—Project Rica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa campus Coordinator; Ministry of Information and Commu- (Mexico), Nutrition Institute of Central America nication Technologies, Servicios Postales Naciona- and Panama (INCAP) les S.A. (National Postal Service), Ministry of Trade, Country(ies): Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Industry and Tourism, Department of National Mexico, and Puerto Rico Taxation and Customs, PROEXPORT—Export and Tourism Promotion Agency in Colombia. Stra- Overview: Food and nutritional surveillance tegic partnerships with Regional Competitiveness involves a permanent process of compiling, Commissions, ANALDEX, ACOPI—organizations analyzing, and disseminating the information providing business development and advisory ser- needed to maintain up-to-date knowledge of vices to microenterprises and SMEs. nutritional status and its determinant factors, describing its distribution and trends, predicting Country(ies): Colombia, Federative Republic of possible variations, and supporting decision- Brazil making processes. INCAP has been supporting Overview: Under the auspices of the Initiative Central American countries and a number of higher for the Integration of South American Regional education institutions in Mexico to provide human Infrastructure (IIRSA), cooperation between the resource training in the food and nutritional health Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of area, as well as the design and implementation of Colombia, formalized through the memorandum food and nutritional surveillance systems, at the of understanding to promote the “Exports by post national, sector, and local levels. for micro, small-, and medium-sized enterprises— Exportafácil” project, signed on December 2, Duration: March to December 2009 2008, aims to formulate and implement the proj- Budget (optional): US $61,400 ect in Colombia. The objective is to enable micro, Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Rebecca small-, and medium-sized enterprises to gain access de los Rios to the international market, through a simplified export system that uses the country’s official postal Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Senior Advisor, service: Servicios Postales Nacionales (4-72). The Partnerships and Alliances, Pan-American Health project seeks to provide a logistics solution based Organization on using the infrastructure of the public postal ser- City: Washington, DC vice, which has a universal service mission.

Duration: Start date: September 2009 [LAC-37] PAHO—Vaccination on the Budget (optional): USD 388,000 Argentina-Brazil border Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Juan Camilo Organization(s): Pan-American Health Organiza- Granados Riveros tion/World Health Organization Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Deputy Direc- Country(ies): Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, tor of Telecommunications Chile, Guyana, French Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, City: Bogotá, Colombia Surinam, Uruguay, and Venezuela

80 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 80 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. Overview: The project’s final purpose is to elimi- Duration: Start: October 12–16, 2009. Finish: nate rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and November 29–December 2009. The SSC experi- to consolidate the elimination of measles in the ence is expected to be continued by developing a Americas. The proposal envisions immunization distance-training program for staff of the technical of populations who reside and circulate through support unit, on criminal and criminology topics, formal and informal border points (blind spots) in in 2010. This has already been planned, and the countries that share borders with Argentina and corresponding contacts have been made. Brazil. The project is expected to achieve the vaccina- [LAC-39] Guatemala-Colombia—Improving tion of 95 percent of population identified in the the quality of the ombudsperson institution border-crossing points. It also expects to bring the Organization(s): Public Criminal Defence Institute same coverage level to border municipalities. (IDPP) Duration: August to November 2008 Country(ies): Guatemala Budget (optional): Total cost: US $571,451. Overview: The Public Criminal Defence Institute Including contribution from national parties is an autonomous body within Guatemala’s justice (human resources, infrastructure, supplies) and system. Its functional organizational structure is from PAHO/WHO. designed for, and targeted on, low-income persons Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Rebecca de seeking access to justice, and it ensures respect for los Rios due process. It also serves women, girl children, and adolescents who have been victims of violence Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Senior Advisor in all forms, fulfilling its mission by providing free City: Washington, DC legal advice and assistance. Duration: Start: August 24–29, 2009. Finish: November 16–20, 2009. The SSC experience is [LAC-38] Guatemala-Colombia—Improving public defence (preliminary version) expected to be continued in the future, with the arrival of a Colombian expert on management Organization(s): Public Defence Institute of systems in June 2010, to monitor and support the Guatemala action plan as formulated, and to participate in the AIDEF congress to be held in June 2010, organized Country(ies): Guatemala by the Public Defence Institute of Guatemala. Overview: The Public Criminal Defence Name of Primary Contact Person(s): María Del Institute, an institutionalised, autonomous, and Carmen Ortíz functionally independent body, is responsible for ensuring access to justice and due process. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Special Adviser Although it is the smallest institution in the of the General Management Division on Strategic justice system, it plays a leading role in pursuing Planning, International Co-operation and Projects democratic justice. In fulfilling its activities, it City: Guatemala receives specialized assistance on forensic issues to ensure procedural balance and equal resources in the process. Its activity goes beyond the simple [LAC-40] Mexico-Paraguay—Maquila sector capacities interpretation of forensic reports by promoting the inclusion of scientific evidence media through Organization(s): Ministry of Industry and Trade technical support to promote the rights of (MIC) of Paraguay/National Council of Maquila defendants. Export Industries (CNIME).

Case stories Overview 81

South-south.indd 81 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. Country(ies): Donors: Mexico and Japan. Recipi- [LAC-42] Guatemala-Colombia— ent: Paraguay Implementing the electronic signature Overview: Mexico-Japan trilateral cooperation for Organization(s): Ministry of the Economy of Gua- third countries aims to implement joint activities temala (MINECO), Planning and Programming of major impact and scale, taking advantage of the Secretariat of the Office of the President of Gua- strengths of comparative advantages of the two temala (SEGEPLAN), Industry and Trade Superin- countries. tendency of Colombia (SIC), Presidential Agency for Social Action and International Co-operation During the project, a dynamic and participatory of Colombia (Acción Social). joint venture was undertaken between the three countries in which experts from the Ministries Country(ies): Cooperation recipient: Guatemala. of Economy and Finance and Public Credit of Cooperation provider: Colombia Mexico transferred experiences, knowledge, and Overview: In Guatemala, legislative and institu- techniques to MIC/CNIME. Special technical tional development to enable the use of electronic assistance was also provided by a Mexican maquila signature services began in 2009. As part of that firm acting as an external consultant. process, the Government of Guatemala sought Duration: Thirty-five months. Starting month: assistance from Colombia, which has ten years of November 2004. Finishing month: September 2007. experience in the regulation and use of such services. The cooperation consisted of an exchange Budget (optional): Approximately US $97,355.00 of experts, and although still underway, it has already produced results such as the creation of [LAC-41] Mexico–Promoting university forums and working networks for better exchange exchanges with Central America of experiences on the subject. Organization(s): Supreme Council of Central Duration: The internship in Colombia lasted American Universities (CSUCA) from July 26, 2009, to July 31, 2009. Although Country(ies): Donor: Mexico. Beneficiaries: Belize, the internship in Guatemala was scheduled for Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, November last year, it has not been possible to Nicaragua, and Panama. carry it out owing to budgetary problems. Overview: The program aims to expand and Budget (optional): Phase I: US $5,325.00 consolidate systems for transmitting, creating, and (MINECO staff in Colombia). Phase II: US applying scientific and technological knowledge by $3,550.00 (SIC staff in Guatemala) (not yet under- promoting the formation of human resources on taken). Total: US$ 8,875.00 priority issues for regional development and the Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Ervin Arturo study of the most pressing problems. The program Cano Romero will be undertaken through invitation sent to Mexican and Central American academics who Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Under-Secre- already collaborate through academic cooperation tary for Information Technology, Ministry of the projects in priority areas such as education, Economy of Guatemala health, disaster prevention, tourism, environment, City: Guatemala, Guatemala agriculture, and livestock breeding. The aim is to support five to ten projects per year [LAC-43] Brazil-Colombia—District recycling Duration: Ten years. Starting month: 1998. Finish- capacities ing month: December 2010. Organization(s): Public Utilities Executive Unit— Budget (optional): US $30,000.00 Municipality of Bogotá

82 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 82 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. Country(ies): Recipient: Colombia Country(ies): Transferors: Guatemala and Ecua- dor. Recipients: Bolivia, Costa Rica, and Mexico. Overview: Brazil’s bilateral South-South technical Coordination: FIIAPP (Spain) and UIBA EURO- cooperation covers various areas such as agricul- sociAL Justice consortium: Germany, Brazil, ture, education, and bio-energy. In 2009, the ABC Colombia, Costa Rica, Spain, France, Hungary, implemented 594 projects and activities benefit- and Mexico, together with the OAS Justice Stud- ing 56 countries, including trilateral South-South ies Center for the Americas. Over 900 institutions operations with developed countries and interna- have participated in EUROsociAL Justice activi- tional organizations. Between 2003 and 2009, Bra- ties, 70 percent of them from Latin America. zil’s cooperation partner countries grew in number by 150 percent, with projects and activities worth Overview: The project forms part of the EUROso- around US $90 million. ciAL Justice program, a technical cooperation initiative between the EU and Latin America, based Duration: August 2006 to October 2008 on the exchange of experiences between the public Budget (optional): US $40,188.00 agencies of the two regions. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Márcio Lopes Support has been provided for creating ombud- Corrêa sperson institutions in recipient countries (Bolivia, Title of Primary Contact Person(s): General Coor- Costa Rica, and Mexico), in which ombudsperson dinator of Multilateral Technical Cooperation institutions and colleges of lawyers collaborate to improve access to justice by providing free legal City: Brasilia, Brazil assistance to the most underprivileged prison population. In defining the tasks of the ombudsper- [LAC-44] EuroSocial—Promoting son institutions, experiences (good practices) have ombudsperson institutions been exchanged with Guatemala and Ecuador.

Organization(s): Leader of the EUROsociAL Jus- Duration: January to December 2008 tice program consortium: International Founda- Budget (optional): US $222,094.14 tion for Ibero-America of Public Administration and Policies (FIIAPP) (coordination); Institution Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Inma Zamora responsible for the project: Ibero-American Union Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Technical of Colleges and Associations of Lawyers (UIBA); Director of the EUROsociAL Coordination Office Transferor organizations: UIBA Social Defence City: Madrid, Spain Office of the College of Lawyers of Pichincha (Ecuador), Provincial Court of Pichincha, Insti- tute of Public Criminal Defence of Guatemala; [LAC-45] PROCASUR—Taking paths to Recipient organization Bolivia: College of Law- learning yers of Oruro (Bolivia), with collaboration from: Organization(s): Regional Corporation PRO- the Technical University of Oruro. Mexico: Pubic CASUR, FIDA, Ford Foundation Defence Institute of Veracruz (Mexico), with collaboration from: the Federation of Colleges, Bars Country(ies): Latin America: Bolivia, Peru, Ecua- and Associations of Lawyers of the State of Vera- dor, Chile, and Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, cruz; Veracruzana University, Costa Rica: Public Venezuela, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Defence Service of Costa Rica, with collaboration Salvador, Mexico, and Costa Rica. Africa: Malawi, from: the College of Lawyers of Costa Rica, Min- Uganda, Rwanda, Mozambique, South Africa, istry of Justice of Costa Rica, University of Costa Tanzania, and Kenya. Asia: Bangladesh, India, and Rica. Sri Lanka

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South-south.indd 83 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. Overview: “Paths to Learning” is a training meth- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Consultant for odology implemented in Latin America, Africa, UN-INSTRAW when the SSC was developed and Asia to expand the capacities of rural devel- City: Toronto, Canada, and Bogotá, Colombia opment stakeholders. It forms part of the South- South cooperation strategy, whereby public and private institutions that invest on behalf of poor [LAC-47] Nicaragua—Managing information, rural population groups, capitalize on experiences, promoting ownership circulate good practices, and upscale innovations Organization(s): Secretariat of Economic Affairs that improve the effectiveness and efficiency of and Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs local and rural development policies, programs, and projects. Country(ies): Nicaragua. There was no participation from donors. Duration: 2006–2010 Overview: Due to different SSC initiatives on the Budget (optional): US $200,000.00, 1.5 donors, part of different donors and institutions, it was five PROCASUR and partners imperative to make a country-led effort to try to Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Gloria Ochoa coordinate, gather information, and establish an Title of Primary Contact Person(s): President, Pro- organized management mechanism through an casur Corporation electronic platform, from a demand perspective. It was also necessary to clearly identify those coop- City: Santiago, Chile erators interested in trilateral funding for SSC.

[LAC-46] UN-INSTRAW—Learning from Duration: 2000–2005 women’s representation in local governments Budget (optional): It was carried out with the coun- (preliminary version) try’s own capacities, and funded with resources Organization(s): United Nations International from the general national budget. Research and Training Institute for the Advance- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mauricio ment of Women (UN-INSTRAW) and PROCASUR. Gómez Lacayo Country(ies): Costa Rica, El Salvador, Domini- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): International can Republic, Bolivia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, AND Advisor in Cooperation and Development Guatemala City: Managua, Nicaragua Overview: This is an experience-based training program known as “Paths to Learning” in which women representatives of local councils and [LAC-48] Argentina-Paraguay—Promoting human rights and public interest clinics in municipalities visited Central American munici- niversities palities that have made outstanding progress in reducing gender inequalities. By the end of the Organization(s): Center for Socio-Legal Studies “path,” the participants submitted proposals to (Argentina), Universidad Columbia (Paraguay), apply what they had learned from the training in and Universidad Católica de Asunción (Paraguay) their countries and municipalities. Women from Country(ies): Recipients: Argentina and Paraguay Central and South America participated. Overview: CELS—relying on more than a decade Duration: August 2008 (one week), although fol- of work experience with human rights legal clin- low-up extended for a further two months. ics—in alliance with Columbia University and Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Martha Univesidad Católica Nuestra Señora de Asunción Barriga in Paraguay, have designed, formalized, and con-

84 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 84 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. solidated two public interest clinics that ensure peace-keeping purposes, women empowerment, development of two aims: training of professors and youth education. and students in legal techniques for the defense and Duration: Activities started in 2007 and the proj- protection of human rights in practice, and access ect is still in implementation. (New activities are to justice instances for traditionally excluded regularly planned and presented to stakeholders minorities such as indigenous peoples, migrants, and continuation depends on support from each and inmates. partner involved in the triangulation.) Duration: 2007–present. Budget (optional): US $3,606,695.00 (from Budget (optional): All exchange, training, and January 1, 2008–March 31,2009; combined transfer of skill actions between Argentinean contributions from Canada, Norway, and United CELS and Paraguay universities have been feasible Nations) thanks to the support of the National Endowment Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Talita for Democracy (NED). 1) Collaboration Proj- Yamashiro Fordelone ect Framework CELS-Paraguay, submitted to the NED agency. 2) Working Paper on legal clinics. 3) Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Research Agreement between CELS from Argentina and the Assistant, Development Cooperation Directorate Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de Asunción (OECD/DCD) de Paraguay. City: Paris, France Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Diego Morales [LAC-50] Chile-Paraguay—Modernizing Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director, Liti- parliaments with new technologies gation and Legal Defense Area Organization(s): Senate of the Chilean Republic City: Buenos Aires, Argentina and Congress of the Republic of Paraguay Country(ies): Donor: Chile. Recipient: Paraguay [LAC-49] Rio Vivo, Brazil-Haiti—Respect for Bel Air, Port-au-Prince Overview: This South-South cooperation activity consisted of a software donation, including source Organization(s): NGO Viva Rio (Brazil), Cana- codes and implementation, which entailed a trans- dian International Development Agency, Norwe- fer of technology but also of those administrative gian Church Aid processes regarding the information tool. There Country(ies): Brazil, Canada, Haiti, Norway (tri- was a joint work with the legislative and informa- angular cooperation between DAC donors and tional areas of the above-mentioned organizations Southern partners) that extended to the production phase of the information system. Overview: The project “Honor and Respect for Bel Air” aims to promote reduction of armed vio- Duration: The starting date of this cooperation lence and urban rehabilitation in the neighbor- was September 4, 2006 (date in which the hood of Bel Air, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. It is led by institutional cooperation covenant was signed) the Brazilian nongovernmental organization Viva and its ending date was December 2007, on Rio with the support of the Brazilian Embassy in which occasion the Legislative Information Haiti, Canada, Norway and international orga- System was formally introduced to the citizens nizations. The areas of intervention are diverse, in a ceremony held at the Paraguayan Congress. including water supply, solid waste management, The system was put into force in March of the and education. Activities are often associated with following year.

Case stories Overview 85

South-south.indd 85 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. Budget (optional): The software, gratuitously Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Martín donated by the Chilean Senate to the Congress Orlando of Paraguay, was priced at nearly US $1,000.000 Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Manager of (when developed for the Senate of Chile). The International Relations adaptation and implementation costs were covered with funds of the Project “Congress Modern- City: Buenos Aires, Argentina ization” (Congress of the Republic of Paraguay), financed by the World Bank. The total amount [LAC-52] Center for Digital Inclusion— assigned to the project is unknown. Investing in networks Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Roberto Bus- Organization(s): Center for Digital Inclusion (CDI; tos L formerly known as the Committee for Democracy Title of Primary Contact Person(s): in Information Technology) City: Chile Country(ies): Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Jordan. CDI [LAC-51] Argentina—Sharing mutualism Community Centers exist in 66 communities and 22 municipalities in Argentina; and respectively Organization(s): Organization of Mutual Enti- Chile has 51/11; Columbia: 4/2; Ecuador: 16/4; ties of the Americas (Odema), Mutual Entities of Mexico: 30/21; Peru: 5/5; Uruguay: 32/10; Brazil: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, 650+ community centers in 23 regions; and Jor- the Dominican Republic, and Uruguay. Mutual dan: 120 schools. Society for Family Protection (AMPF) (Argentina) Overview: Delivering on our mission, the CDI Country(ies): Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, network is working to replicate CDI’s experi- Mexico, Peru, Dominican Republic, and Uruguay ence and educational strategy in a true model Overview: The activity to which this case makes of “social franchise” globally, leading to human reference is the assistance provided by the Mutual and community development through ICT edu- Society for Family Protection of Argentina (AMPF) cation and citizenship-building skills that trans- to the member entities of the Organization of form lives and communities. Today, CDI schools Mutual Entities of the Americas (Odema) in the graduate 70,000 students per year from 800-plus above-mentioned countries for the exchange of schools in 9 countries from the global South. knowledge and operational experience on mutual Since 1995 we have graduated more than 1.25 health, social work, economic aid, pharmacy, and million students. communication services. This is done with the aim Duration: Founded in 1995, CDI is an ongoing proj- to provide more and better social services to low- ect expanding outside of Latin America in 2009. income populations of those countries. Budget (optional): Annual Operating Budget: US Due to the scarce presence of the state as a provider $2,542,740 (4.5 million Brazilian Reais) of basic services in many of these regions, mutual- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Christine ism has always been an alternative for people with Clauser no access to state services and who are unable to afford the cost of private service provision. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Executive Director CDI USA Duration: Phase I: November 5–8, 2007. Phase II: Octo- ber 14–16, 2008. Phase III: November 25–27, 2009 City: New York

86 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 86 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. [LAC-53] Cuba-Colombia—Learning the Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Head of the benefits of sericulture (silk farming) Sericulture Project in Cuba Organization(s): Experimental Pasture and Forage City: Matanzas, Cuba Station of Cuba, Ministry of Higher Education, Cauca Silk Farming Development Corporation, and the Presidential Agency for Social Action and Global Cooperation International Co-operation. [GL-1] World Bank—Investing in South-South Country(ies): Main countries participating in the knowledge exchange cooperation agreement: Colombia and Cuba. Other countries participating in forums and exchanges Organization(s): World Bank related to the subject: Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Country(ies): Global Guatemala, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela Overview: The South-South Experience Exchange Overview: Sericulture encompasses a group of cul- Trust Fund (SEETF) is a flexible funding mecha- tural activities based on silk, including the produc- nism to facilitate just-in-time knowledge and tion of mulberry trees, silkworms, threads, fabrics, experience exchanges among development prac- and products used in medicine, cosmetics, and for titioners. The facility is designed to respond to other end-user benefits. specific demands from low-income countries that Thanks to the experience shared with Colombia, want to learn from their counterparts in other silk farming in Cuba is currently a mechanism developing countries. for improving incomes in rural areas, since it is Duration: Ongoing initiative. Launched October a source of employment for men and women in 2008 the sector; it involves various society stakeholders such as peasant farmers, families, students, and Budget (optional): US $4.35 million persons with disabilities; and it is a source of ani- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Gudrun mal food, organic fertilisers, and medicinal uses. Kochendorfer-Lucius Duration: The project began in June 2008 and has Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director, not yet finished. World Bank Institute Capacity Development and Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Roberto Car- Partnerships Department los Fiallo Madruga City: Washington, DC

Case stories Overview 87

South-south.indd 87 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. South-south.indd 88 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. Credits

The Task Team on South-South Cooperation would Michael Dickerson, Rajiv Kumar and Surabhi like to express its deep gratitude to all people and Tandon (all Indian Council for Research on Inter- institutions who have submitted their experiences national Economic Relations) despite all restraints in time and resources. Fur- thermore, the case story process and this catalogue Support in Latin America and the Caribbean: have benefitted from the collaboration of the fol- Andrés Osorio, Angela María Noguera, and Caro- lowing organizations and supporters: lina Camacho (all Fedesarrollo)

Platform in Africa: Bankole Adeoye, Florence Naz- Global core team: Daniel Duque (Enlaza), Jeff are, Luke Wasonga, and Samuel Nyambi (all New Kwaterski (Impact Alliance), María Clara Sanin Partnership for Africa’s Development) Betancourt (Enlaza), Nils-Sjard Schulz (policy advisor), Norma Garza (Impact Alliance), and Sil- Platform in Asia: Angie Cortez, Ilaria Caetani, via Chaves O’Flynn (Enlaza) Manju Senapaty (all Asian Development Bank),

Credits 89

South-south.indd 89 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. South-south.indd 90 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. Concept Note Implementing Accra: South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 1 (Final draft—September, 24, 2009)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Interpreting article 19 of the AAA, three main lines of synergies are identified: This concept note delineates the conceptual and analytical basis for the analytical work that the • Adapting the PD and AAA principles to SSC Task Team on South-South Cooperation (TT-SSC) (AAA art. 19a); will conduct in order to map and analyze South- • Enriching the aid effectiveness agenda with South cooperation (SSC) practices and their syner- the practices and experiences of SSC (AAA gies with the aid effectiveness agenda, in particular art. 19b); and the Paris Declaration (PD) and the Accra Agenda • Identifying complementarities between SSC for Action (AAA). Acknowledging the rich diver- and North-South cooperation (AAA art. sity of SSC, the analytical work of the TT-SSC will 19e). concentrate on South-South technical cooperation as a tool for capacity development and a trigger Along these lines, the concept note offers a for more equitable and horizontal development detailed overview of the hypotheses emerging partnerships, particularly among middle-income from the AAA (see Section 3 and Annex 2). The and low-income countries. adaptability of the five PD principles (ownership, alignment, harmonization, managing for results, and mutual accountability) to SSC is explored, while the aid effectiveness agenda might learn 1 Concept note prepared jointly with the Task Team on South- from concrete contributions of SSC in areas such South Cooperation (TT-SSC) members by Nils-Sjard Schulz, TT-SSC policy advisor ([email protected]). as a good-fit technical cooperation, a broader

Concept Note 91

South-south.indd 91 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. development agenda, regional and multilateral as a tool for effectively achieving development learning, improved coordination, and a more results and shaping more horizontal development equitable development partnership. Synergies partnerships. with North-South cooperation could be fostered The analytical work of the TT-SSC is of critical by clarifying the comparative advantages of relevance for the different stakeholders involved in South-South technical cooperation and triangular South-South cooperation: cooperation as a main entry door for collaborative modalities. • Partner countries providing SSC, particularly middle-income countries (MIC)2 as providers and recipients, seeking a consis- 1. PURPOSE tent conceptual and operational adaptation of the Paris and Accra principles to their As a starting point for the analytical work of the particular institutional and technical char- Task Team on South-South Cooperation (TT-SSC) acteristics, capacities, and interests; of the Working Party on Aid Effectiveness (WP- • Partner countries receiving SSC interested EFF), this concept note creates the conceptual and in diversifying their “menu” of development analytical framework for the case studies that, cooperation on the basis of evidence on in line with the TT-SSC objectives, will map and comparative advantages of SSC, particularly analyze SSC practices and their synergies with with regard to capacity development and the Paris Declaration (PD) and Accra Agenda for technical cooperation; Action (AAA) principles. • Multilateral and regional organizations The AAA includes an approach for understand- aiming to foster South-South learning pro- ing SSC in the context of the aid effectiveness cesses within more effective and inclusive agenda, which is framed by the following three development partnerships and seeking to lines: understand good practices and operational choices of support; • Adapting the PD and AAA principles to • Traditional donors desiring to engage in SSC; innovative aid modalities, such as triangu- • Enriching the effectiveness agenda with the lar cooperation and direct support to SSC, practices and experiences of SSC; and and interested in mutual learning processes • Identifying complementarities and synergies on aid effectiveness, including collaborative between SSC and North-South cooperation. coordination at the country, regional, and global level; From these three angles, the TT-SSC will map • Civil society organizations participating in and analyze effective SSC, which will help to South-South learning and mutual exchange, identify emerging good practices of SSC in the especially in their role as actors for devel- context of aid effectiveness (for more detail on the opment on their own right, that desire to analytical process, see Annex 1). contribute to more effective and inclusive At the general level, the analytical work on development partnerships; threefold good practices will feed into a Southern- led implementation of the AAA and enhance 2 the overall process leading from the 2009 Accra This concept note will focus particularly, although not exclu- sively, on middle-income countries (MIC), which are defined High Level Forum (HLF) via the 2010 Colombia in terms of the income categories of the World Bank based HLE to the 2011 Korea HLF (see Annex 1). on GNI per capita. In 2008, MIC (including lower- and upper-middle-income economies) achieved a GNI between It is thus a mirror of the strong commitment of 976 and 11,905 USD per capita. For more details, see http:// partner countries to the aid effectiveness agenda go.worldbank.org/K2CKM78CC0.

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South-south.indd 92 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. • Academia and experts, particularly from driver for capacity development (CD),3 with devel- developing countries, that are working on oping countries and donors agreeing to “promote SSC, triangular cooperation, and the aid the provision of technical cooperation by local and effectiveness agenda, and have an interest in regional resources, including through South-South innovative networking and learning on SSC cooperation” (art. 14b). within the aid effectiveness agenda. This framework for understanding and promoting SSC in the context of the overall aid 2. BACKGROUND effectiveness agenda is addressed by the TT-SSC, a Southern-led initiative facilitated by Colombia Based on a longstanding history of solidarity and endorsed during the WP-EFF meeting on April among developing countries, SSC has been intro- 1, 2009, with strong support by partner countries, duced into the Accra Agenda for Action (AAA) donors, and multilateral organizations. Commit- as an essential element for acknowledging and ted to implementing the AAA provisions on SSC, enhancing the role of Southern actors within more the TT-SSC aims, in a first step (until the HLE effective and inclusive partnerships for develop- 2010), to map and analyze SSC practices and their ment. The Accra round table nine became an out- synergies with the aid effectiveness agenda, and, in standing opportunity to introduce a broader vision a second step (until the HLF 2011), to foster the of how new development actors could engage in identification and agreement of good practices on the effectiveness agenda on the basis of key mes- SSC in the context of the Paris Declaration and the sages presented in the corresponding Issues Paper AAA. In general terms, the TT-SSC is also expected (OECD 2008b, 2008c). During the negotiations in to serve as a platform for collaboration and net- Accra, SSC was one of the key priorities of partner working among southern countries and organiza- countries and particularly MIC. Thus, the inclu- tions interested in peer learning and South-South sion of SSC in the AAA reflects vividly the desire exchange. of partner countries to become proactive drivers This concept note thus constitutes a central tool of the achievement of the development results and for the TT-SSC in its commitment with the imple- ultimately the transformation of the current aid mentation of the AAA commitments on SSC. architecture into a more equitable global governance of aid. As a result of this broader process, the AAA 3. UNDERSTANDING SSC IN THE sheds a sharp light on SSC as a pillar for “more CONTEXT OF AID EFFECTIVENESS effective and inclusive partnerships.” Concretely, the AAA stresses “the role of middle-income coun- Tracing the insertion of SSC in the context of the tries as both providers and recipients of aid” and PD and the AAA requires a brief review of the defi- “recognize[s] the importance and particularities nitions and roots of both SSC and the aid effective- of South-South cooperation and acknowledge[s] ness agenda. that we can learn from the experience of develop- The aid effectiveness agenda, with the PD and ing countries” (art. 19b), while also encouraging the AAA as international agreements endorsed by development actors engaged in SSC to “use the more than 100 countries, constitutes a long-term Paris Declaration principles as a point of reference in providing development cooperation” (art. 19a). Based on the “principle of noninterference, equal- 3 Following the 2008 Bonn Consensus, capacity development is “a fundamental change process requiring that a) develop- ity among developing countries, and respect for ing countries commit to the capacity development of their their independence,” the SSC constitutes “a valu- human resources, systems, and institutions at all levels, and able complement to North-South cooperation” b) external partners commit to strengthen their own capacity and adapt their approaches to deliver responsive support for (art. 19e). Finally, SSC is also defined as a key capacity development.”

Concept Note 93

South-south.indd 93 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. process of building a more horizontal partner- was followed up by a High Level Committee at ship between donor and partner countries around the UN General Assembly. SSC achieves particular the effective use of foreign aid resources for the relevance for MIC in the aftermath of the interna- achievement of development results such as the tional agreements on concentrating aid and devel- Millennium Development Goals. The aid effec- opment efforts in less developed countries, such as tiveness agenda reflects a set of commitments for the 2000 Millennium Declaration and the 2002 development cooperation that were agreed upon at Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Develop- the intergovernmental level during the High Level ment. While potentially receiving increasingly lim- Forums in Paris (2005) and Accra (2008). For the ited development financing, but simultaneously purpose of the TT-SSC work, a politically sensi- engaging in the provision of SSC and particularly tive lecture of the five aid effectiveness principles South-South technical cooperation, MIC intend (defined by the PD) is useful and looks into two to position themselves in a shifting aid architec- essential dimensions of the PD: on the one hand, ture as recipients and providers of aid. Today, SSC the technical aspects include good practices in the constitutes a complex mosaic of actors, scales, and principles of alignment, harmonization, and man- modalities (see ECOSOC 2008a, Manning 2006, agement for results; on the other hand, through Kumar 2008, Rowlands 2008, and SEGIB 2008), ownership and mutual accountability, the politi- ranging from rather isolated activities to budget cal spirit aims to overcome the asymmetries inher- support and large-scale loans. A basic distinction ent in cooperation between the North (donor) can be made between technical and financial coop- and the South (partner country). Both dimensions, eration, the latter including loans and debt relief, the technical and the political, form the core of as well as budget and balance of payment support the partnership between donors and recipients. (see ECOSOC 2008a). Triangular cooperation, Reinforcing the PD, the AAA creates the basis of with traditional donors supporting SSC among a stronger role of partner countries in the inter- developing countries, is often observed as an addi- national aid architecture, guiding the aid effec- tional booster for SSC and could create a corri- tiveness agenda toward a more horizontal global dor for the complementarity between SSC and governance of aid, and introduces a stronger bid traditional North-South cooperation (ECOSOC for development effectiveness, that is, the effective 2008b). However, there is still a gap of research, achievement of development results. In this regard, analysis, and data on the effectiveness and impact SSC, among other elements, such as capacity devel- of SSC, as well as its political and technical fea- opment, fulfills an important function in fostering tures within the new aid architecture. the diversity of roles, contributions, and choices The unique diversity of SSC and its by partner countries and particularly MIC com- modalities creates an inspiring environment for mitted to implementing the Paris and Accra provi- understanding its synergies with aid effectiveness. sions, which are both providers and recipients of Most developing countries receive a mix of SSC, aid, playing thus a pivotal role between traditional with much appreciated support in crucial areas for North-South cooperation and SSC. their development, such as trade and foreign direct South-South cooperation is a multilayered form investment. Furthermore, SSC entails a strong of development cooperation with a history of political component, as SSC delivery is often more than fifty years. Initiated in Southeast Asia, related to foreign policy agendas and a high-level SSC was promoted in the 1960s and 1970s by commitment to Southern development agendas the United Nations (UN), particularly the G-77, and more horizontal relations, for example, at the and other multilateral platforms such as the Non- UN level. Alignment Movement. A key policy document is While acknowledging the diversity and underly- the 1978 Buenos Aires Plan of Action for Technical ing dynamics of SSC in all its expression, the ana- Cooperation among Developing Countries, which lytical efforts of the TT-SSC will focus on technical

94 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 94 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. cooperation (TC),4 although other forms of coop- become providers themselves. Furthermore, eration, especially if a TC component is included, LIC might also help to integrate SSC in the should be considered on an ad hoc basis. The TT- existing aid effectiveness mechanisms at the SSC has identified this specific niche on the basis country level. In sum, SSC enables LIC to of its comparative advantages as a Southern-led become proactive partners in the evolving platform committing to the implementation of international aid architecture; the AAA, but will engage as actively as possible • SSC-focused analysis might contribute learn- in coordination with other complementary ana- ing and feedback to a key concern of devel- lytical efforts that are currently being conducted, oping countries: the quality of and national for example, at the UN Development Cooperation leadership in coordinating TC, which are Forum (for more detail, see Section 6). critical to country ownership over develop- Apart from the need for a specific niche, the fol- ment processes. lowing key issues illustrate why TC represents a key dimension of SSC within the implementation of the AAA: 4. HYPOTHESES: UNPACKING THE ACCRA MANDATE • The AAA identifies SSC (art. 19) as a tool for capacity development (art. 14), particu- Several assumptions can be made about the par- larly in the realm of TC provided by local ticularities and comparative advantages of South- and regional resources, and thus sets a clear South TC with respect to North-South technical framework for concentrating on TC as an cooperation. The existing literature (Sanín Betan- effective feature of SSC and as a tool for court and Schulz 2009, Kumar 2008, and Scott capacity development; 2009) illustrates different aspects of uniqueness • SSC within the aid effectiveness agenda is a that still need to be explored from a critical per- process primarily encouraged by (and for) spective in the analytical work of the TT-SSC. MIC that are engaging in sharing knowledge The following distinctive features of SSC within and expertise. The specific type of horizon- the aid effectiveness agenda can be highlighted: tal and equitable partnership (for example, based on mutual learning) is unique and • Capacity development: South-South tech- needs to be differentiated from the one nical cooperation tends to strongly focus related to financial transfers. However, on capacity development as a process coordination with studies on the broader (as opposed to a product), where techni- SSC agenda will be ensured (see Section 7); cal cooperation is embedded as a tool for • South-South TC has a strong potential to mutual learning; foster the role of low-income countries (LIC) • A broader choice of support, leading to by diversifying their options of develop- horizontal partnerships: South-South tech- ment cooperation, creating more horizontal nical cooperation offers a different type of relationships, and opening opportunities to relationship and might improve the diversity of choices for technical cooperation at the country and regional level, while also creat- 4 For the purpose of this study, technical cooperation (TC) seeks to enhance the human and institutional capacities (for ing more horizontal forms of development example, skills, knowledge, and expertise) of persons and partnerships; institutions in developing countries and to create an environment conducive to development. Among its tools, technical • Cost effectiveness: Drawing on regional assistance, and advice, training, student programs, and insti- and national resources, value for money of tution-building are relevant expressions of TC. (Note: this South-South technical cooperation is per- definition needs to be revised with comments and suggestions by TT-SSC members.) ceived as clearly superior;

Concept Note 95

South-south.indd 95 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. • Demand-driven character: Given the scarce The following figure illustrates the environment resources and the horizontal relations and dynamics of SSC in the context of the aid between the partners, South-South technical effectiveness agenda: cooperation is more aligned with the recipient’s priorities and needs; • Adaptability: Since recipient and provider share similar development challenges, SSC in all SSC in aid Aid effectiveness its diversity effectiveness agenda (Paris and South-South technical cooperation might agenda Accra) provide highly adapted and relevant solu- Adapting PD/AAA tions (for example, in technological, cul- Enriching PD/AAA tural, and linguistic terms); Complementarity • Southern knowledge: South-South technical cooperation diversifies the generation of knowledge and expertise beyond industrialized models. 5. ACTORS AND PLATFORMS: TOWARD PARTNERSHIPS AND While focusing on South-South TC, the COMPLEMENTARITIES following three basic assumptions on SSC in the context of aid effectiveness are highlighted by the The TT-SSC will coordinate as far as possible its AAA: conceptual and analytical work with other processes, platforms, and organizations, engaging as • Adapting the Paris and Accra principles to well international experts and academia for feed- SSC (“point of reference”, AAA art. 19a) back and peer reviews. could be pursued by considering owner- The planned case studies are of particular rel- ship, alignment, harmonization, managing evance for a coordinated partnership approach, for results, and mutual accountability as an since the TT-SSC desires to complement its own orientation for SSC; efforts (around ten case studies) with the ongoing • Enriching the Paris and Accra principles analysis and research conducted by other actors. with the practice and experiences of SSC Possible paths include the sharing of criteria, terms (“learn from the experience of develop- of reference, and experts for the case studies. Par- ing countries” and “role of middle-income ticularly, the TT-SSC intends to engage in strate- countries”, AAA art. 19b) could emerge gic collaboration with the following organizations from the particular characteristics of SSC and platforms. and thus enrich the overall aid effectiveness During its second phase (2009–2010), the Devel- agenda, particularly with respect to capac- opment Cooperation Forum (DCF) at ECOSOC ity development, technical cooperation, and will build on its previous work on SSC (ECOSOC mutual learning; 2008a, 2008b), aiming to increase the develop- • Complementarity with North-South ment impact of South-South and triangular coop- cooperation (“a valuable complement”, eration. A South-South Working Group has been AAA art. 19e) might be explored through established at the DCF. Highly relevant syner- the increasing diversity in technical gies of the TT-SSC analytical work might appear cooperation and opportunities for triangular in the context of a DCF-commissioned study on cooperation, including the use of regional improved SSC data and voluntary reporting (until mechanisms. November 2009), improved analysis of how the

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South-south.indd 96 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. effectiveness of SSC might be increased (until April and global goods and environment, which might 2010), and the consensus on desirable indicators become references for the TT-SSC work. for SSC effectiveness (during the 2010 DCF). For more than five years, the Inter-American The South-South Cooperation Unit at UNDP is Development Bank (IDB) has been conducting conducting a survey on SSC and triangular coop- case studies on SSC on regional public goods and eration through field research in sixteen countries policies with a focus on development effectiveness. in close collaboration with the national govern- These analytical efforts and the experiences in ments. The focus is on policy design, institution managing the case studies might constitute crucial building, partnership, budgeting, M&E, scaling-up orientation points for the TT-SSC in addressing the and sustainability. regional perspective in LAC. UNDP/UNDG is conducting case studies on The DAC (DCD) is currently finalizing a study middle-income countries, capacity development, on triangular cooperation and two country-level and SSC, which will feed into the Global Event on mapping exercises (in Tanzania and Mozambique) Capacity Development in November 2010 (tbc). on ODA and SSC, identifying complementarities Several activities have been developed with agen- after Accra. cies from middle-income countries over the last The second phase of the Paris Declaration months. evaluation is an outstanding opportunity to foster The work on capacity development will also be South-South mutual learning processes and gener- coordinated with LenCD, in particular at the coun- ate inputs to the ongoing North-South assessment try level and within regional learning processes. process. A bid for regional promotion of the aid Close coordination is also planned with the CD effectiveness agenda (regional workshops during Alliance, particularly regarding its aim to design a the second phase of the evaluation) could create code of conduct on technical assistance (CD Alli- an outstanding opportunity to link the TT-SSC ance Annual Work Plan SO 3.1). work with the broader learning on aid effective- The World Bank Institute (WBI) will be a key ness while fostering a more proactive role of part- partner for innovative South-South learning proc- ner countries. esses. The WBI’s Capacity Development and Part- SEGIB is continuing its work on reporting on nerships Department is building up a South-South SSC in LAC, which is highly relevant for under- practitioners network, will launch a South-South standing regional dimensions, expressions and practice group, and will support the conceptual experiences in the region. The Ibero-American and methodological design of the case studies. The Programme on Horizontal SSC was launched in WBI is also managing the South-South Experience late 2008 and will gather experiences and identify Exchange Facility, which aims to shape experience good practices where very relevant synergies could by sharing lessons learned and is currently con- emerge. ducting case studies. The specific added value of The Capacity Development for Development the WBI for the TT-SSC work is its technical and Effectiveness (CDDE-Asia Pacific) Facility is a methodological capacity to create linkages and strategic partner for mutual learning in a South- mutual learning between development partners. ern-led regional network, facilitating collaboration The Asian Development Bank (ADB) docu- across countries in the Asia-Pacific by governments case studies and experiences of SSC as a ment officials, parliamentarians, civil society rep- part of its ongoing work on regional cooperation resentatives, and donors in solving common aid and integration, with capacity development com- effectiveness challenges. The CDDE Facility, and ponents among the countries of the Asia-Pacific the South-South peer initiatives it supports—on region. These cover areas of infrastructure devel- issues ranging from mutual accountability to aid opment, trade agreement facilitation and research, effectiveness and parliamentarians—can provide

Concept Note 97

South-south.indd 97 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. a strong case study for South-South cooperation ness Community of Practice. The CDDE Facility supported through a multidonor facility. Individ- itself represents a good practice in building coun- ual initiatives being implemented under the CDDE try-level capacity for aid effectiveness through its can also be good references for the Task Team technical and financial support for South-South on South-South Cooperation. The CDDE Facil- exchange and knowledge management. ity is governed by a steering committee including Civil society organizations such as the North- six partner country members and three donors South Institute are conducting activities on South- (ADB, Japan, and the World Bank), is supported ern perspectives on the global development finance by a joint ADB-UNDP secretariat, and works to architecture, in general, and technical coopera- a constituency of more than 500 hundred partner tion, in particular, which might become additional country members of the Asia-Pacific Aid Effective- inputs to the work of the TT-SSC.

ACRONYMS

AAA Accra Agenda for Action ADB Asian Development Bank AfDB African Development Bank CD Capacity development CDDE Capacity Development for Develop- ment Effectiveness Facility DAC Development Assistance Committee ECOSOC Economic and Social Council HLF High Level Forum HLE High Level Event IADB Inter-American Development Bank LAC Latin America and the Caribbean LenCD Learning Network on Capacity Development LIC Low-Income Country MIC Middle-Income Country OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PD Paris Declaration SEGIB Ibero-American General Secretariat SSC South-South cooperation TC Technical cooperation TT-SSC Task Team on South-South Cooperation UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme WBI World Bank Institute WP-EFF Working Party on Aid Effectiveness

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South-south.indd 98 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. 11 eou l 11 eou l 20 S Input to operational Conceptual, HLF in S strategic, and inputs to 20 practices and goo d Case studies operational Conceptual, strategic, and inputs to 2 010 HLE in Bogotá egional R meeting s Case stories

veness standing agenda fecti and deﬁnin g ef SSC within aid Under and Criteria potheses hy ) t. 19 Analytical work of the TT-SSC—The way to Seoul 2011 way TT-SSC—The of the work Analytical note from ar Implementing AAA (mandate Concept

Anexos ANNEX 1

Concept Note 99

South-south.indd 99 19/03/2010 04:20:52 p.m. - - -

Related Paris Declaration / AAA commitments / Declaration Related Paris “Donors commit to base their overall support—country strategies, policy dialogues, and devel dialogues, policy support—country strategies, commit to base their overall “Donors capacity develop and financial support with partners’ commit to align their analytic “Donors Where country systems require further strengthening, developing countries will lead in defining developing Where country systems require further strengthening, “Donors’ support for capacity development will be demand driven and designed to support country will be demand driven support for capacity development “Donors’ and ii) cooperation, select and manage technical will i) jointly countries and donors “(…) developing “Developing countries will systematically identify areas where there is a need to strengthen the capacity countries will systematically “Developing “(…) countries’ national statistical capacity in strengthening developing (…) will support and invest “Donors

that changes to promote operational together at all levels will work countries and donors “Developing “Respect partner country leadership (…)” “Respect partner country leadership it” “(…) and help strengthen their capacity to exercise (indicator 3): (indicator 4): PD 15: PD 15: AAA 14b: (…)” ownership. AAA 15c: assistance.” will support these reforms and provide capacity development Donors and priorities. reform programs AAA 23c: including those for managing aid.” and information systems, PD 16 and periodic reviews of progress in strategies national development partners’ programs—on opment cooperation (…)” implementing these strategies AAA 14a: services (…)” to perform and deliver PD 24 and harmonize support for capacity develop use of existing capacities, effective make and strategies, ment objectives ment accordingly.” AAA 14b: including through South-South local and regional resources, by cooperation promote the provision of technical cooperation.” AAA 14c: support more effective.” capacity development make Description of hypothesis SSC in the context of aid effectiveness: Hypotheses emerging from the AAA Hypotheses emerging from the of aid effectiveness: SSC in the context Country ownership, particularly national Country ownership, demand and leadership in SSC coordination, is crucial for the effectiveness of SSC. SSC can strengthen national capacities for an effective leadership on development including learning and aid coordination, procurement, on country systems of PFM, and cost-effective M&E as well statistics, the corresponding diagnostic tools. The design and implementation of SSC should be adapted and aligned to national priorities and programs as well national and sector strategies. Supporting national capacity development objectives and strategies is inherent to SSC and should be done in a harmonized way and effectively using existing capacity.

1. Adapting the Paris and Accra principles to SSC (“point of reference”, AAA art. 19a) AAA art. principles to SSC (“point of reference”, Accra and Adapting the Paris 1. Ownership 1.1. Alignment 1.2. ANNEX 2

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Related Paris Declaration / AAA commitments / Declaration Related Paris “Donors commit to (…) work together to reduce the number of separate, duplicative mis duplicative together to reduce the number of separate, commit to (…) work “Donors “We will strengthen incentives to improve aid effectiveness. We will systematically review and address will systematically We aid effectiveness. to improve will strengthen incentives “We “Developing countries will lead in determining the optimal roles of donors in supporting their develop countries will lead in determining the optimal roles of donors “Developing and timely detailed, disclose regular, will publicly (…) Donors aid more transparent. will make “We coun to developing will strengthen their own capacity and skills to be more responsive “(…) Donors “Donors will align their monitoring with country information systems (…) ” “Donors

Donors commit to (…) work with partner countries to rely, as far as possible, on partner countries’ as possible, as far with partner countries to rely, commit to (…) work Donors “Donors and partner countries jointly commit to reform procedures and strengthen incentives—including commit to reform procedures and strengthen incentives—including and partner countries jointly “Donors “Partner countries commit to provide clear views on donors’ comparative advantages and on how to advantages comparative countries commit to provide clear views on donors’ “Partner at the sector or country level advantages comparative full use of their respective commit to make “Donors “ (indicator 10): PD 32 to share lessons learnt and build a community sions to the field and diagnostic reviews; promote joint training of practice” PD 34: donor complementarity at the country or sector level.” achieve PD 35: (…)” AAA 17a: (…)” levels. and sectoral regional, ment efforts at national, PD 45: and monitoring, “on partner countries’ statistical, and results-oriented reporting and monitoring frameworks” systems (…).” evaluation AAA 23c: AAA 24a: allocation (…)” information on volume, PD 36: and alignment, harmonization, toward management and staff to work and training—for appraisal, for recruitment, results.” AAA 14a: tries’ needs.” AAA 23d: will Donors impediments to implementing international commitments on aid effectiveness. or administrative legal and staff changing organizational sufficient authority to country offices and more attention to delegating pay principles.” to promote behavior in line with aid effectiveness incentives - - - - - Description of hypothesis Comparative advantages of SSC are identi are SSC of advantages Comparative fied by SSC recipients that are leading the coordination among SSC providers and with traditional donors. Managing for development results improves the scope of relevance and needs to rely on transpar impact of SSC, detailed and timely informa regular, ent, and should be aligned to country tion, information and M&E systems. Capacity building of SSC agencies and including profession organisms in MIC, and a good evaluation culture, alization, set-up of their organizational and staff are essential for achieving bet incentives, ter effectiveness. Missions, analysis, and lessons learned on analysis, Missions, SSC should be shared and coordinated as far as possible among SSC providers and with traditional donors. 1.3. 1.3. Harmonization Managing 1.4. results for Mutual 1.5. accountability 1. Adapting the Paris and Accra principles to SSC (“point of reference”, AAA art. 19a) (continued) AAA art. principles to SSC (“point of reference”, Accra and Adapting the Paris 1.

Concept Note 101

South-south.indd 101 19/03/2010 04:20:52 p.m. - -

- )

“TC and S-S cooperation”

Related Paris Declaration / AAA commitments / Declaration Related Paris Partner countries and donors commit to jointly assess through existing and increasingly assess through existing and increasingly commit to jointly countries and donors Partner “ commit to align their analytic and financial support with partners’ capacity development objec capacity development and financial support with partners’ commit to align their analytic

“Donors’ support for capacity development will be demand driven and designed to support country will be demand driven support for capacity development “Donors’ and designed to support country will be demand driven support for capacity development “Donors’ assessment Declaration—mutual will step up our efforts to ensure that—as agreed in the Paris “We “Developing countries will systematically identify areas where there is a need to strengthen the capacity countries will systematically “Developing identify areas where there is a need to strengthen the capacity countries will systematically “Developing in supporting their develop countries will lead in determining the optimal roles of donors “Developing

“(…)We welcome the contribution that the ECOSOC Development Cooperation Forum is making to Cooperation the contribution that ECOSOC Development welcome “(…)We

“Donors and on how to advantage comparative countries commit to provide clear views on donors’ “Partner at the sector or country level advantage comparative full use of their respective commit to make “Donors

(indicator 12): CD Alliance Work plan 2009–2010 strategic objective #3.1. objective plan 2009–2010 strategic Work Alliance CD PD 24: and harmonize support for capacity development use of existing capacities, effective make and strategies, tives accordingly.” AAA 14a: to address them (…)” (…) and design strategies services at all levels to perform and deliver AAA 14b: cooperation will (…) promote the provision of technical countries and donors developing this end, To ownership. including through South-South cooperation.” local and regional resources, by ( AAA 14a: to and thematic—and design strategies sectoral, subnational, services at all levels—national, to perform and deliver address them (…)” AAA 14b: cooperation will (…) promote the provision of technical countries and donors developing this end, To ownership. including through South-South cooperation.” local and regional resources, by (missing) PD 34: donor complementarity at the country or sector level.” achieve PD 35: (…)” AAA 17a: (…)” levels. regional and sectoral ment efforts at national, PD 50 mutual progress in implementing agreed commitments on aid effectiveness, mechanisms country-level objective Commitments” including the Partnership AAA 24b: These reviews will be based on the declaration. endorsed 2010 in all countries that have reviews are in place by donor data and credible inde country results reporting and information systems complemented with available and citizen with stronger parliamentary scrutiny practice on emerging good will draw They pendent evidence. with country agreed results in keeping other accountable for mutually will hold each them we With engagement. and aid policies.” development AAA 31: system to call upon the UN development We the international dialogue and to mutual accountability on aid issues. assistance.” management of development countries for effective further support the capacities of developing - - - - - Description of hypothesis SSC is a demand driven, timely, techno timely, SSC is a demand driven, linguistically and logically innovative, as well highly cost- culturally adapted, in terms of fees, effective (for example, accommodations, travel, use of facilities, TC, a good-fit form of that is, and so on), that might create learning processes on the impact, adaptability, alignment, relevance, TC and sustainability of the North-South agenda. capacity with synergies strong its to Due consistently to prone is SSC development, capacities, countries’ partner reinforce develop broader the regarding particularly with coping in example, (for agenda ment change). climate or crisis economic the South-South experience exchange, and mutual learning on expertise transfer, particu shared development challenges, larly at the regional and multilateral level, is inherent to SSC. The practice and experience of MIC their agencies/organisms as providers and recipients of development cooperation might improve the coordination of devel opment cooperation at the country level, including division of labor. The global values of SSC (such as equity, and consensus) are of high horizontality, relevance for boosting development including mutual account partnerships, at the national, ability and mutual benefit, and global level. regional, - 2.2. Broad 2.2. development agenda Regional 2.4. and multilateral learning Improve 2.5. ment coordination Boosting 2.6. development partnership 2.1. Good-fit 2.1. TC 2. Enriching the Paris and Accra principles with the practice and experiences of SSC (“learn from the experience of developing countries” and “role of middle-income countries”, countries” and of developing of SSC (“learn from the experience and experiences principles with the practice Accra and the Paris Enriching 2. 19b) AAA art.

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South-south.indd 102 19/03/2010 04:20:52 p.m. - - Related Paris Declaration / AAA commitments / Declaration Related Paris

commit to align their analytic and financial support with partners’ capacity development objec capacity development and financial support with partners’ commit to align their analytic objec capacity development and financial support with partners’ commit to align their analytic

“Donors “Donors PD 24: and harmonize support for capacity development use of existing capacities, effective make and strategies, tives accordingly.” AAA 14a: to and thematic—and design strategies sectoral, subnational, services at all levels—national, to perform and deliver address them (…)” PD 24: and harmonize support for capacity development use of existing capacities, effective make and strategies, tives accordingly.” AAA 14b: cooperation, select and manage technical will 1) jointly countries and donors developing this end, To ownership. including through South- local and regional resources, by cooperation and 2) promote the provision of technical South cooperation.” AAA 14b: cooperation, select and manage technical will 1) jointly countries and donors developing this end, To ownership. including through South- local and regional resources, by cooperation and 2) promote the provision of technical South cooperation.” - - - - Description of hypothesis The demand-driven character, efficiency, efficiency, The demand-driven character, and adaptability of SSC create compara tive advantages particularly in the realm of TC by national and regional resources that might be explored by traditional donors. SSC might improve the availability of TC by partner countries look choices of ing for support in capacity development, especially if country systems and donors are more open to SSC providers. and inclusive, Among other collaborative, triangular coopera innovative modalities, tion represents an entry point for synergies between SSC and North-South coopera particularly in the realm of capacity tion, building with expertise from North and South. 3.1. Comparative Comparative 3.1. South- advantage TC South of Diversity 3.2. TC for choices and CD Triangular 3.3. cooperation 3. Complementarity with North-South cooperation (“a valuable complement”, AAA art. 19e) AAA art. complement”, (“a valuable Complementarity with North-South cooperation 3.

Concept Note 103

South-south.indd 103 19/03/2010 04:20:52 p.m. ANNEX 3 Preliminary bibliography

Accra Agenda for Action. 2008. Morais, Michelle. 2009. “South-South Coopera- Andrade, Melissa. 2009. “Is the South Ready for tion in Times of Global Economic Crisis.” Inter- South-South Cooperation?” International Pol- national Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, icy Centre for Inclusive Growth, Brasilia. Brazil. Bonn Consensus. 2008. OECD. 2008a. “Capacity Development: Accra and CD Alliance. 2009. First Annual Work Plan Beyond, Summary Conclusions of the Bonn 2009–2010. Workshop.” CDDE. 2009. “Supporting the Implementation of OECD. 2008b. Issues Paper for AAA Round Table the Paris Declaration and the Accra Agenda 9. Accra. for Action in Asia-Pacific.” Program document. OECD. 2008c. Summary on AAA Round Table 9. Bangkok. Accra. Chahoud, Tatjana. 2007. “South-South Coopera- OECD. 2008d. “Implications of the Changing Aid tion—Opportunities and Challenges for Inter- Architecture.” Chapter 9 in Aid Effectiveness— national Cooperation.” DIE. Bonn. A Progress Report on Implementing the Paris Culpeper, Roy, and Morton, Bill. 2008. “The Inter- Declaration. Paris. national Development System—Southern Per- Rowlands, Dane. 2008. “Emerging Donors in spectives on Reform.” North-South Institute, International Development Assistance.” Syn- Ottawa. thesis Report. Ottawa. ECOSOC. 2008a. “Trends in South-South and Sanín Betancout, María Clara, and Schulz, Nils- Triangular Development Cooperation. Back- Sjard. 2009. “South-South Cooperation in ground study for the Development Coopera- Latin America and the Caribbean: Ways Ahead tion Forum. Following Accra.” FRIDE comment. Madrid/ ECOSOC. 2008b. “Report of the Asia-Pacific Bogotá. Regional DCF—Trends and Progress in Trian- Schulz, Nils-Sjard. 2009. “On Track toward the gular and South-South Cooperation.” Bangkok. Global Governance of Aid.” FRIDE comment. Kumar, Nagesh. 2008. “South-South and Triangu- Madrid lar Cooperation in Asia-Pacific: Toward a New Scott, Zoë. 2009. “Southern Perspectives on Tech- Paradigm in Development Cooperation.” New nical Cooperation.” Analytical review and Delhi. annotated bibliography. GSDRC. Birmingham. Manning, Richard. 2006. “Will ‘emerging donors’ SEGIB. 2008. “II Informe de Cooperación Sur-Sur Change the Face of International Coopera- en Iberoamérica.” Madrid. tion?” Paris.

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