DOCSLIB.ORG

Creating a Framework Towards Integrated Health Syndromic Surveillance and Response in Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Creating a Framework Towards Integrated Health Syndromic Surveillance and Response in Africa Creating a framework towards integrated health syndromic surveillance and response in Africa INAUGURALDISSERTATION zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Philosophie vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Basel von Mahamat Fayiz Abakar Aus Tschad Basel, 2017 Originaldokument gespeichert auf dem Dokumentenserver der Universität Basel edoc.unibas.ch Genehmigt von der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. Jakob Zinsstag und Prof. Dr. Sue Welburn Basel, den 18 April 2017 Prof. Dr. Martin Spiess Dekan der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät À la mémoire de mon cousin Abdoulaye Abdourahman, qui a quitté précipitamment This work is dedicated to my late cousin Abdoulaye Abdourahman, who left before time! إ روح إن د دارن اذي رل ل اوان Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents ...................................................................................................................................... i Index of tables ........................................................................................................................................ iii Index of figures ...................................................................................................................................... iv Table of acronyms .................................................................................................................................... v I. Acknowledgement .............................................................................................................................. vi II. Summary .......................................................................................................................................... viii III. Résumé ............................................................................................................................................... x xii ................................................................................................................................................. ص IV Chapter 1: General introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1. Country presentation: Chad............................................................................................................ 2 1.1. Geographical situation, climate, hydrography and vegetation .......................................... 2 1.2. Health and demographic situation ..................................................................................... 3 1.3. Livestock and animal health .............................................................................................. 4 2. Response and interventions effectiveness ...................................................................................... 5 2.1. Poor response effectiveness .............................................................................................. 5 2.2. Lack of methods to assess effectiveness ........................................................................... 6 3. Health surveillance: the weakest link in the chain ......................................................................... 8 4. One health methods and potential of zoonosis elimination ............................................................ 9 5. Gap of knowledge ........................................................................................................................ 12 6. Aim and objectives ....................................................................................................................... 14 6.1. Aim .................................................................................................................................. 14 6.2. Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 14 7. Collaboration and support ............................................................................................................ 14 Chapter 2: Towards equity effectiveness of maternal health service coverage: rural sedentary and mobile population in Chad ........................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 3: Vaccine hesitancy among mobile pastoralists in Chad: a qualitative study ......................... 34 Chapter 4: Evaluation of the feasibility and sustainability of joint human and animal vaccination and its integration to the public health system in Chad................................................................ 49 i Chapter 5: Trends in health surveillance and joint service delivery for pastoralists in West and Central Africa ............................................................................................................................... 67 Chapter 6: Working paper on integrated syndromic surveillance and response among rural sedentary and mobile agro-pastoralists in Chad ........................................................................... 77 Chapter 7: Transmission dynamics and elimination potential of zoonotic tuberculosis in Morocco ..... 89 Chapter 8: Cost effective control strategies for animal and zoonotic diseases in pastoralist populations ................................................................................................................................. 108 Chapter 9: Human and animal health surveys among nomads ............................................................. 117 Chapter 10: A vision for the future of pastoralism ............................................................................... 129 Chapter 11: General discussion and conclusions ................................................................................. 137 1. Health interventions effectiveness ............................................................................................. 138 2. Vaccine hesitancy among mobile pastoralists in Chad: a health system’s issue ........................ 139 3. Towards mainstreaming of joint human and animal vaccination programme: challenges and perspectives ................................................................................................................................ 140 4. Outlook on syndromic surveillance and response in Africa ...................................................... 141 5. Potential of zoonosis elimination: case of bovine tuberculosis .................................................. 144 6. Concluding remarks, recommendations towards an integrated surveillance and response system and the way forward ....................................................................................................... 145 6.1. Interventions effectiveness: lack of methods and iterative cycles of action ................. 145 6.2. Vaccines hesitancy among mobile pastoralists: a result of inadequate health services 145 6.3. Joint human and animal vaccination programmes: a “One Health” success, yet challenges remain .......................................................................................................... 145 6.4. Bovine tuberculosis: a potential candidate for elimination in developing countries? ... 146 6.5. Integrated health syndromic surveillance-response and beyond: the promising kick- off .................................................................................................................................. 146 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................ 148 i. Ethical clearances: ...................................................................................................................... 149 ii. Supporting information 1 ........................................................................................................... 153 iii. Supporting information 2 ........................................................................................................... 154 iv. Field pictures .............................................................................................................................. 155 References ............................................................................................................................................ 157 ii Index INDEX OF TABLES Table 2.1. Reasons for not attending ANC (answer possibilities in the q estionnaire) ..... 22 Table 2.2. Assessment of the effectiveness parameters .................................................. 23 Table 2.3. Utilisation of maternal health services ............................................................. 25 Table 2.4. Association between the tilisation of maternal health services, and socio- demographic and geographical variables ........................................................................ 25 Table 2.5. Sensitivity of overall effectiveness with respect to a 5- increase in single factors for sedentary pop lations and mobile pastoralists ................................................ 2. Table 3.1. S mmary of data collection ............................................................................. 39 Table 3.2. Categories of concerns abo t vaccination adapted from the literat re (0ills, 21152 Cobos, 2115) ......................................................................................................... 41 Table 3.3. 3ive most freq ently reported demand side barriers to vaccination in 4anamad5i district .............................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Privatization in Developing Countries: What Are the Lessons of Recent Experience?
    Saul Estrin and Adeline Pelletier Privatization in developing countries: what are the lessons of recent experience? Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Estrin, Saul and Pelletier, Adeline (2018) Privatization in developing countries: what are the lessons of recent experience? World Bank Research Observer, 33 (1). pp. 65-102. ISSN 0257-3032 DOI: 10.1093/wbro/lkx007 © 2018 The Authors This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/87348/ Available in LSE Research Online: March 2018 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Privatisation in developing countries: What are the lessons of recent experience? Saul Estrin ● Adeline Pelletier This paper reviews the recent empirical evidence on privatisation in developing countries, with particular emphasis on new areas of research such as the distributional impacts of privatisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Cop18 Prop. 19
    Original language: English CoP18 Prop. 19 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Eighteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Colombo (Sri Lanka), 23 May – 3 June 2019 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Transfer from Appendix II to Appendix I of Balearica pavonina in accordance with Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP16), Annex 1. Paragraph C) i): A marked decline in the population size in the wild has been observed as ongoing. Paragraph C) ii): A marked decline in the population size in the wild which has been inferred or projected on the basis of levels or patterns of exploitation and a decrease in area of habitat. B. Proponent Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal*: C. Supporting statement 1. Taxonomy 1.1 Class: Aves 1.2 Order: Gruiformes 1.3 Family: Gruidae 1.4 Genus, species or subspecies, including author and year: Balearica pavonina (Linnaeus, 1758) 1.5 Scientific synonyms: Subspecies B. p. pavonina and B. p. ceciliae. 1.6 Common names: English: Black-crowned Crane, West African Crowned Crane French: Grue couronnée de l’Afrique de l’ouest et du Soudan, Grue couronnée Spanish: Grulla coronada del África occidental, Grulla coronada cuellinegra, Grulla coronada 1.7 Code numbers: 2. Overview In 2010, Balearica pavonina was reclassified as vulnerable on the IUCN Red-list of Threatened Species. This classification was reaffirmed in 2012 and 2016 on the basis that “recent surveys have shown a rapid * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Sahel: Fighting Inequality to Respond to Development and Security Challenges
    Sahel: fighting inequality to respond to development and security challenges www.oxfam.org OXFAM BRIEFING PAPER – JULY 2019 Despite its development potential, the Sahel faces an unprecedented crisis. Today, there is a multifaceted predicament on top of the pre-existing development challenges that the region has been tackling. This has security, humanitarian, and environmental aspects. The crisis also has its roots in the inequality and the strong sense of injustice among the region’s people, particularly the youth. Inequality is profound and is seen in all aspects of life. The governments of the Sahelian countries and the international community must respond to these urgent problems, making the fight against inequality a top priority. Strong, well-coordinated responses engaging all stakeholders must go beyond the current narrow focus on security, and can result in lasting solutions. © Oxfam International July 2019 This paper was written by Jean Denis Crola (6-pm). Oxfam acknowledges Imma de Miguel Gonzalez for her comments and inputs, as well as Aurore Mathieu; Robin Guittard; Nicolas Vercken; Marc Cohen; Jaime Atienza; Susana Ruiz Rodriguez; Sandra Lhote-Fernandes; Louis-Nicolas Jandeaux; Quentin Parrinello; Armelle Lecompte; Claire Le Privé; Azara Remaila Zanogo; Ismael Boly; Charlotte Masselot; Lucas Vazquez Bassat; and the Oxfam teams in Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Chad for their assistance in the production of the report. It is part of a series of papers written to inform public debate on development and humanitarian policy issues. For further information on the issues raised in this paper please email [email protected] This publication is copyright but the text may be used free of charge for the purposes of advocacy, campaigning, education, and research, provided that the source is acknowledged in full.
    [Show full text]
  • WHO Collaborating Center for Research, Training and Eradication of Dracunculiasis, CDC
    Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES and Prevention (CDC) Memorandum Date: January 30, 2015 From: WHO Collaborating Center for Research, Training and Eradication of Dracunculiasis, CDC Subject: GUINEA WORM WRAP-UP #231 To: Addressees “The worm will be the judge of the quality of our work last year.” Makoy Samuel Yibi SOUTH SUDAN CLOSING IN ON THE WORM The South Sudan Guinea Worm Eradication Program (SSGWEP) made solid progress in 2014, despite the outbreak in Kapoeta East County (KEC) in July- August. South Sudan reported zero cases in January, February, November and December 2014 (Figure 1). Figure 1 South Sudan Guinea Worm Eradication Program Cases of Dracunculiasis Reported by Month, 2011 - 2014* 300 244 250 200 174 173 137 150 125 123 102 100 60 Number ofCases 80 55 69 50 6 48 2 36 4 25 0 28 2 24 27 4 19 19 0 17 0 0 14 3 4 22 14 4 21 11 Jan 8 11 4 1 Feb 3 1 2011 Mar Apr 5 0 May 3 0 2012 Jun 0 Jul Aug 0 2013 Sept Oct 2014 Nov Dec The overall number of cases was reduced by 38% (from 113 cases in 2013 to 70 cases in 2014) and the number of villages reporting one or more cases was reduced by 53% (from 79 to 37), with only 13 villages with endemic transmission reporting indigenous cases in 2014 (24 other villages reported cases imported from those 13). In the 79 villages that reported 113 cases in 2013, cases were reduced by 95%, to only 6 cases (83 % contained) in 2014; the remaining 64 cases (66% contained) in 2014 were in 34 villages that reported no cases (31 villages) or were not under surveillance (3 villages) in 2013: observations that reflect the significant population movements in South Sudan.
    [Show full text]
  • Vaccine 34 (2016) 5187–5192
    Vaccine 34 (2016) 5187–5192 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vaccine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccine Contribution of polio eradication initiative to strengthening routine immunization: Lessons learnt in the WHO African region ⇑ Blanche-Philomene Melanga Anya a, , Edna Moturi a, Teka Aschalew b, Mable Carole Tevi-Benissan a, Bartholomew Dicky Akanmori a, Alain Nyembo Poy a, Kinuam Leon Mbulu c, Joseph Okeibunor a, Richard Mihigo a, Felicitas Zawaira a a World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo b World Health Organization Country Representative Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia c World Health Organization Country Representative Office, Kinshasha, Congo article info abstract Article history: Background: Important investments were made in countries for the polio eradication initiative. On 25 Available online 7 July 2016 September 2015, a major milestone was achieved when Nigeria was removed from the list of polio- endemic countries. Routine Immunization, being a key pillar of polio eradication initiative needs to be Keywords: strengthened to sustain the gains made in countries. For this, there is a huge potential on building on Routine immunization the use of polio infrastructure to contribute to RI strengthening. Polio Methods: We reviewed estimates of immunization coverage as reported by the countries to WHO and Eradication UNICEF for three vaccines: BCG, DTP3 (third dose of diphtheria-tetanus toxoid- pertussis), and the first Africa dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1).We conducted a systematic review of best practices docu- ments from eight countries which had significant polio eradication activities. Results: Immunization programmes have improved significantly in the African Region. Regional coverage for DTP3 vaccine increased from 51% in 1996 to 77% in 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Clean RCHC Report 2012 Template ENGLISH
    , RESIDENT / HUMANITARIAN COORDINATOR REPORT ON THE USE OF CERF FUNDS CHAD UNDERFUNDED EMERGENCIES 2014 ROUND I CONFLICT-RELATED DISPLACEMENT RESIDENT/HUMANITARIAN COORDINATOR Mr. Thomas Gurtner REPORTING PROCESS AND CONSULTATION SUMMARY a. Please indicate when the After Action Review (AAR) was conducted and who participated. No AAR was conducted but agencies and clusters have been consulted during the consolidation and revision phases. In addition, agencies briefed the Inter Cluster Coordination (ICC) on their achievements, challenges and lessons learned during the CERF allocation process engaged in June 2015 b. Please confirm that the Resident Coordinator and/or Humanitarian Coordinator (RC/HC) Report was discussed in the Humanitarian and/or UN Country Team and by cluster/sector coordinators as outlined in the guidelines. YES NO The report was not discussed with the HCT due to delays in its preparation. OCHA CERF Focal points engaged discussion with partner agencies during the compilation and the review of the report c. Was the final version of the RC/HC Report shared for review with in-country stakeholders as recommended in the guidelines (i.e. the CERF recipient agencies and their implementing partners, cluster/sector coordinators and members and relevant government counterparts)? YES NO The final draft was shared with recipient agencies for their validation and shared with the HC for his endorsement 2 I. HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT TABLE 1: EMERGENCY ALLOCATION OVERVIEW (US$) Total amount required for the humanitarian response 618,458,074
    [Show full text]
  • Privatisation in Developing Countries: What Are the Lessons of Recent Experience?
    IZA DP No. 10297 Privatisation in Developing Countries: What Are the Lessons of Recent Experience? Saul Estrin Adeline Pelletier October 2016 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor Privatisation in Developing Countries: What Are the Lessons of Recent Experience? Saul Estrin London School of Economics and IZA Adeline Pelletier Goldsmiths College, University of London and CEP, LSE Discussion Paper No. 10297 October 2016 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character.
    [Show full text]
  • Privatisation in Developing Countries: What Are the Lessons of Experience?
    ECONOMIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR PROFESSIONAL EVIDENCE AND APPLIED KNOWLEDGE SERVICES TOPIC GUIDE Privatisation in developing countries: What are the lessons of experience? Saul Estrin and Adeline Pelletier London School of Economics November 2015 EPS-PEAKS is a consortium of organisations that provides Economics and Private Sector Professional Evidence and Applied Knowledge Services to the DfID. The core services include: 1) Helpdesk 2) Document library 3) Information on training and e-learning opportunities 4) Topic guides 5) Structured professional development sessions 6) E-Bulletin To find out more or access EPS-PEAKS services or feedback on this or other output, visit the EPS-PEAKS community on http://partnerplatform.org/eps-peaks or contact Alberto Lemma, Knowledge Manager, EPS-PEAKS core services at [email protected]. Cover photo: International Transport Workers Federation -Dock workers in Mombasa strike in protest against the privatisation of Mombasa port in 2011 Disclaimer Statement: The views presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Consortium partner organisations, DFID or the UK Government. The authors take full responsibility for any errors or omissions contained in this report. Acknowledgement This is one of a series of topic guides commissioned by the UK Department for International Development (DFID). It has been prepared by Professor Saul Estrin and Dr Adeline Pelletier, under the guidance of Tim Green and Deborah McGurk of DFID. Drawing on international sources of evidence and guidance, this Topic Guide is an introductory guide for economists on privatisation in developing countries. It provides the reader with an introduction to the economic theory and key concepts behind decisions on the ownership and management of goods and services.
    [Show full text]
  • Echo Annual Report 2014 Annex 1 – Geographical Fiches
    ECHO ANNUAL REPORT 2014 ANNEX 1 – GEOGRAPHICAL FICHES 1 Table of Contents Afghanistan .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Algeria .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Bangladesh .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Cameroon ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 Central African Republic ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Central America ................................................................................................................................................. 10 Central Asia ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Chad ................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Colombia ...........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Vulture Msap • Jun-Aug 2016 – Appointment of Overarching and Regional Coordinators • October 2016 – African Regional Workshop in Dakar, Senegal
    Convention on Migratory Species Multi-species Action Plan to Conserve African-Eurasian Vultures 2nd Draft 16 March 2017 1 Overall project management: Nick P. Williams, CMS Raptors MoU Head of the Coordinating Unit [email protected] Jenny Renell, CMS Raptors MoU Associate Programme Officer [email protected] Compiled by: André Botha, Endangered Wildlife Trust Overarching Coordinator: Multi-species Action Plan to conserve African-Eurasian Vultures [email protected] Jovan Andevski, Vulture Conservation Foundation European Regional Coordinator: Multi-species Action Plan to conserve African-Eurasian Vultures [email protected] Chris Bowden, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Asian Regional Coordinator: Multi-species Action Plan to conserve African-Eurasian Vultures [email protected] Masumi Gudka, BirdLife International African Regional Coordinator: Multi-species Action Plan to conserve African-Eurasian Vultures [email protected] Roger Safford, BirdLife International Senior Programme Manager: Preventing Extinctions [email protected] Nick P. Williams, CMS Raptors MoU Head of the Coordinating Unit [email protected] Technical support: Roger Safford, BirdLife International José Tavares, Vulture Conservation Foundation Regional Workshop Facilitators : Africa - Chris Bowden, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Europe – Boris Barov, BirdLife International Asia and Middle East - José Tavares, Vulture Conservation Foundation Overarching Workshop Chair : Fernando Spina, Italian Bird Ringing Centre 2 Contributors Lists of participants at the action planning workshops and of other contributors can be found in Annex 1. Additional contributions to the text: Robert D. Sheldon and Andrew Callander. Maps prepared by Mark Balman (range states), Hannah Wheatley (species range) and Tris Allison (threats), all from BirdLife International.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 Report on the Seasonal Nutrition Prevention Programme in the Sahel
    2014 Report on the seasonal nutrition prevention programme in the Sahel February 2015 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3 Overview of Blanket Supplementary Feeding activities in 2014 Timeline of BSFP activities in the Sahel region in 2014……………….……………………………………………..4 Geographic targeting criteria utilized for BSFP activities…………………………….……………………………..4 Beneficiary selection criteria…………………………………………….……………………….……………………………..4 Global results……………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………..5 Performance Analysis……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………..6 Overview of Blanket Supplementary Feeding activities by Country in 2014 Burkina Faso…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………… 8 Chad…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..10 Mali…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….………..12 Mauritania……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..14 Niger ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……..16 Senegal……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……..18 The Gambia……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..20 Conclusion..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..22 INTRODUCTION The Sahel region spans several sub-Saharan countries and stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Extending through West and Central Africa, the Sahel includes Burkina Faso, Chad, the Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Senegal. In general, the climate in the Sahel alternates between a short wet summer season and a very long dry winter season which ends
    [Show full text]
  • Land Use and Food Security in 2050: a Narrow Road Agrimonde-Terra Chantal Le Mouël, Marie De Lattre-Gasquet, Olivier Mora, Eds
    Land Use and Food Security in 2050: a Narrow Road Agrimonde-Terra Chantal Le Mouël, Marie de Lattre-Gasquet, Olivier Mora, eds Land Use and Food Security in 2050: A Narrow Road Agrimonde-Terra Chantal le Mouël, Marie de Lattre-Gasquet, Olivier Mora, eds Éditions Quæ This book is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/ Éditions Quæ RD 10 78026 Versailles Cedex, France http://www.quae.com © Éditions Quæ, 2018 ISBN : 978-2-7592-2879-9 ISSN : 2115-1229 ISBN (NUM): 978-2-7592-2880-5 ISBN (ePub): 978-2-7592-2881-2 Contents Preface Michel Eddi, Philippe Mauguin 5 Acknowledgements 7 Introduction 9 1. The ’Land Use and Food Security’ System Marie de Lattre-Gasquet, Chantal Le Mouël and Olivier Mora 11 2. Agrimonde-Terra’s Foresight Approach to Scenario Construction Olivier Mora and Marie de Lattre-Gasquet 20 3. The GlobAgri-Agrimonde-Terra Database and Model Chantal Le Mouël, Patrice Dumas, Stéphane Manceron, Agneta Forslund and Elodie Marajo-Petitzon 28 4. Land-use Change Trajectories in Existing Scenario Studies Chantal Le Mouël and Agneta Forslund 37 5. Retrospective Overview of Land Uses at Global Level and by World Regions Marie de Lattre-Gasquet, Marco Barzman, Pauline Marty and Clémence Moreau 55 6. The Global Context Marie de Lattre-Gasquet and Clémence Moreau 79 7. Climate Change: Impacts and Mitigation Thierry Brunelle, Patrice Dumas, Christophe Cassen, Stéphane Manceron, Elodie Marajo-Petitzon and Véronique Lamblin 101 8. Dietary Changes, Nutrition Transition and the Future of Global Diets Olivier Mora 113 3 LAND USE AND FOOD SECURITY IN 2050 9.
    [Show full text]