Red Lake and Kenora Districts; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6283, 132P

ISSN 1916-615X (online) ISSN 1484-9445 (print) ISBN 978-1-4606-1392-4 (PDF) ISBN 978-1-4606-1391-7 (print)

THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT

Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use.

Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever.

Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”). Both your use of a linked Web site, and your right to use or reproduce information or materials from a linked Web site, are subject to the terms of use governing that particular Web site. Any comments or inquiries regarding a linked Web site must be directed to its Owner.

Copyright: Canadian and international intellectual property laws protect the Content. Unless otherwise indicated, copyright is held by the Queen’s Printer for Ontario.

It is recommended that reference to the Content be made in the following form: Lichtblau, A.F., Ravnaas, C., Storey, C.C., Debicki, R.L., Lockwood, H.C., Tuomi, R.D., Zurevinski, S.E., Moses, P. and Bongfeldt, J. 2013. Report of Activities 2012, Resident Geologist Program, Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist Report: Red Lake and Kenora Districts; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6283, 132p.

Use and Reproduction of Content: The Content may be used and reproduced only in accordance with applicable intellectual property laws. Non-commercial use of unsubstantial excerpts of the Content is permitted provided that appropriate credit is given and Crown copyright is acknowledged. Any substantial reproduction of the Content or any commercial use of all or part of the Content is prohibited without the prior written permission of MNDM. Substantial reproduction includes the reproduction of any illustration or figure, such as, but not limited to graphs, charts and maps. Commercial use includes commercial distribution of the Content, the reproduction of multiple copies of the Content for any purpose whether or not commercial, use of the Content in commercial publications, and the creation of value-added products using the Content.

Contact:

FOR FURTHER PLEASE CONTACT: BY TELEPHONE: BY E-MAIL: INFORMATION ON The Reproduction of MNDM Publication Local: (705) 670-5691 the EIP or Content Services Toll-Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext. 5691 [email protected] (inside Canada, United States) The Purchase of MNDM Publication Local: (705) 670-5691 MNDM Publications Sales Toll-Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext. 5691 [email protected] (inside Canada, United States) Crown Copyright Queen’s Printer Local: (416) 326-2678 Toll-Free: 1-800-668-9938 [email protected] (inside Canada, United States)

Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 6283

Report of Activities, 2012 Resident Geologist Program

Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist Report: Red Lake and Kenora Districts

2013

ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Open File Report 6283

Report of Activities, 2012 Resident Geologist Program

Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist Report: Red Lake and Kenora Districts

A.F. Lichtblau, C. Ravnaas, C.C. Storey, R.L. Debicki , H.C. Lockwood, R.D. Tuomi, S.E. Zurevinski, P. Moses and J. Bongfeldt

2013

Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this publication be made in the following form: Lichtblau, A.F., Ravnaas, C., Storey, C.C., Debicki, R.L., Lockwood, H.C., Tuomi, R.D., Zurevinski, S.E., Moses, P. and Bongfeldt, J. 2013. Report of Activities 2012, Resident Geologist Program, Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist Report: Red Lake and Kenora Districts; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6283, 132p.

Users of OGS products are encouraged to contact those Aboriginal communities whose traditional territories may be located in the mineral exploration area to discuss their project.

Open File Reports of the Ontario Geological Survey are available for viewing at the John B. Gammon Geoscience Library in Sudbury and at the regional Mines and Minerals office whose district includes the area covered by the report (see below).

Copies can be purchased at Publication Sales and the office whose district includes the area covered by the report. Although a particular report may not be in stock at locations other than the Publication Sales office in Sudbury, they can generally be obtained within 3 working days. All telephone, fax, mail and e-mail orders should be directed to the Publication Sales office in Sudbury. Purchases may be made using cash, debit card, VISA, MasterCard, American Express, cheque or money order. Cheques or money orders should be made payable to the Minister of Finance.

John B. Gammon Geoscience Library Tel: (705) 670-5615 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Level A3 Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5

Publication Sales Tel: (705) 670-5691 (local) 933 Ramsey Lake Rd., Level A3 Toll-free: 1-888-415-9845 ext. 5691 Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5 Fax: (705) 670-5770 E-mail: [email protected]

Regional Mines and Minerals Offices:

Kenora - Suite 104, 810 Robertson St., Kenora P9N 4J2 Kirkland Lake - 10 Government Rd. E., Kirkland Lake P2N 1A8 Red Lake - Box 324, Ontario Government Building, Red Lake P0V 2M0 Sault Ste. Marie - 875 Queen St. E., Suite 6, Sault Ste. Marie P6A 6V8 Southern Ontario - P.O. Bag Service 43, 126 Old Troy Rd., Tweed K0K 3J0 Sudbury - 933 Ramsey Lake Rd., Level A3, Sudbury P3E 6B5 Thunder Bay - Suite B002, 435 James St. S., Thunder Bay P7E 6S7 Timmins - Ontario Government Complex, P.O. Bag 3060, Hwy. 101 East, South Porcupine P0N 1H0

This report has not received a technical edit. Discrepancies may occur for which the Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines does not assume any liability. Source references are included in the report and users are urged to verify critical information. Recommendations and statements of opinions expressed are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statements of government policy.

If you wish to reproduce any of the text, tables or illustrations in this report, please write for permission to the Team Leader, Publication Services, Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Level A3, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5.

Cette publication est disponible en anglais seulement.

Parts of this report may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference be made in the following form:

Lichtblau, A.F., Ravnaas, C., Storey, C.C., Debicki, R.L., Lockwood, H.C., Tuomi, R.D., Zurevinski, S.E., Moses, P. and Bongfeldt, J. 2013. Report of Activities 2012, Resident Geologist Program, Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist Report: Red Lake and Kenora Districts; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6283, 132p.

iii

Mines and Minerals Division Regional and District Offices

CITY ADDRESS OFFICE(S) TELEPHONE FAX Kenora Suite 104, 810 Robertson St., ○ ■ (807) 468-2819 (807) 468-2930 Kenora P9N 4J2 Red Lake 227 Howey Street, P.O. Box 324, ● ■ (807) 727-2464 (807) 727-3553 Red Lake P0V 2M0 Thunder Bay – North Suite B002, 435 James St. S., ● ■ ▼ (807) 475-1331 (807) 475-1112 Thunder Bay P7E 6S7 ▲ (807) 475-1311 (807) 475-1112 Thunder Bay – South Suite B002, 435 James St. S., ● ■ ▼ (807) 475-1331 (807) 475-1112 Thunder Bay P7E 6S7 ▲ (807) 475-1311 (807) 475-1112 Sault Ste. Marie Suite 6, 875 Queen St. E., ○ ■ (705) 945-6931 (705) 945-6935 Sault Ste. Marie P6A 2B3 Timmins Ontario Government Bldg., P.O. Bag 3060, ● ■ ▼ (705) 235-1619 (705) 235-1620 1270 Hwy 101 East, South Porcupine P0N 1H0 ▲ (705) 235-1600 (705) 235-1610 Kirkland Lake 10 Government Rd. E., P.O. Box 100, ● ■ (705) 568-4518 (705) 568-4524 Kirkland Lake P2N 3M6 Sudbury Willet Green Miller Centre, Level A3, ○ (705) 670-5735 (705) 670-5770 933 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury P3E 6B5 ▼ (705) 670-5887 (705) 670-5807  (705) 670-5742 (705) 670-5681 Tweed P.O. Bag Service 43, 126 Old Troy Rd., ● ■ ▼ (613) 478-3161 (613) 478-2873 (Southern Ontario) Tweed K0K 3J0

Ontario Geological Survey Regional Resident Geologist Program

Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist (Red Lake District)—2012

A.F. Lichtblau, C.C. Storey, R.D. Tuomi, H.C. Lockwood, R.L. Debicki, P. Moses and S.E. Zurevinski

2013

CONTENTS

Red Lake District—2012

INTRODUCTION ...... 1 MINING ACTIVITY ...... 3 Goldcorp Inc.–Red Lake Gold Mines ...... 3 EXPLORATION ACTIVITY ...... 5 Red Lake Greenstone Belt ...... 13 Claude Resources Inc...... 16 Goldcorp Inc...... 17 Halo Resources Inc...... 18 Houston Lake Mining Inc...... 19 West Red Lake Gold Mines Inc. (Formerly Hy Lake Gold Inc.) ...... 20 Northern Iron Corp...... 21 Redstar Gold Corp.–Confederation Minerals Ltd.–Newman Todd Property ...... 23 Rubicon Minerals Corporation ...... 24 Birch–Uchi and Confederation Greenstone Belts ...... 24 AurCrest Gold Inc...... 25 Gold Canyon Resources Inc.–Springpole gold project ...... 25 Northern Greenstone Belts ...... 26 RESIDENT GEOLOGIST STAFF AND ACTIVITIES ...... 26 Drill Core Storage Site ...... 27 PROPERTY EXAMINATIONS ...... 28 Bear Head Lake Uranium Occurrence (A. Lichtblau) ...... 29 Granitoid Rock Reconnaissance Sampling (C. Storey) ...... 32 Upper Medicine Stone Lake Island (C. Storey) ...... 43 Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. (A. Lichtblau) ...... 48 Goldpines North ...... 49 Goldpines South ...... 51 DISCUSSION AND REGIONAL RECOMMENDATION FOR EXPLORATION ...... 51 OGS ACTIVITIES AND RESEARCH BY OTHERS ...... 53 MINERAL DEPOSITS NOT BEING MINED ...... 54 REGIONAL LAND USE GEOLOGIST ACTIVITIES ...... 60 Land Use Planning Activities...... 60 Crown Lands ...... 60 Forest Management Planning...... 60 Far North Land Use Planning ...... 61 Withdrawal Orders ...... 61 Municipal and Private Lands ...... 61 Exemptions from Mining Tax ...... 62 First Nations ...... 62 Other Activities ...... 62 Class Environmental Assessments ...... 62 Environmental Registry ...... 63 FIRST NATIONS MINERALS INFORMATION OFFICER—NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO ...... 63 MINERAL DEPOSIT COMPILATION GEOLOGIST—NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO ...... 64 REFERENCES ...... 65

Tables 1. Mine production and reserves in the Red Lake District in 2012 ...... 1 2. Summary of claim status in the Red Lake Mining Division, 2012 ...... 2 3. Gold production in the Red Lake District to December 31, 2012 ...... 4 4. Assessment files received in the Red Lake District in 2012 ...... 5 5. Exploration activity in the Red Lake Resident Geologist District in 2012 ...... 7 6. Metal production other than gold in the Red Lake District to December 31, 2012...... 26 7. Drill core stored at the Red Lake Resident Geologist Program remote drill core compound ...... 27 8. Property visits conducted by the Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist and staff in 2012 ...... 29 9. Sample locations and lithology for granitoid rock reconnaissance samples ...... 34 10. Major element analyses for granitoid rock reconnaissance samples ...... 36 11a. Trace element analyses for granitoid reconnaissance samples ...... 37 11b. Trace element analyses for granitoid reconnaissance samples ...... 39 11c. Rare earth element analyses for granitoid reconnaissance samples ...... 41 12. Sample locations, Upper Medicine Stone and Medicine Stone lakes area ...... 43 13. Major element analyses for Medicine Stone Lake Island samples ...... 44 14. Rare earth element analyses, Medicine Stone Lake Island samples ...... 45 15a. Trace element analyses Medicine Stone Lake Island samples ...... 46 15b. Trace element analyses Medicine Stone Lake Island samples ...... 46 16. Publications received by the Red Lake Resident Geologist office in 2012 ...... 53 17. Mineral deposits not being mined in the Red Lake District in 2012 ...... 54 18. Northwest FNMIO activities in 2012 ...... 63 19. Northwest MDCG activities in 2012 ...... 64 Figures 1. Annual gold production in the Red Lake belt, 1986–2012 ...... 2 2. Average monthly price of gold in 2012 ...... 2 3. Exploration activity in the Red Lake District in 2012 ...... 12 4. Red Lake District (north part) exploration activity ...... 13 5. Red Lake greenstone belt exploration activity and active mines ...... 14 6. Birch–Uchi greenstone belt exploration activity ...... 14 7. Red Lake greenstone belt property examinations ...... 15 8. Red Lake, Birch–Uchi and Confederation greenstone belts and English River Subprovince: Property examinations ...... 15 9. Red Lake greenstone belt and English River Subprovince: Property examinations ...... 16 10. Winter/spring 2012 diamond drilling program, Mount Jamie and Golden Tree properties ...... 21 11. Generalized geology map Bear Head Lake area ...... 31 12a. Upper Medicine Stone Lake Island geology and sample locations ...... 47 12b. Upper Medicine Stone Lake Island location map and bathymetric contours ...... 47 13. Total Field Magnetics, Goldpines property ...... 50 14. General geology of the Goldpines property ...... 50 15. Extent of the Goldpines property ...... 51

Photos 1. Griffith north pit dewatering operation ...... 22 2. Newman–Todd Structure showing brecciation, iron-carbonate alteration and quartz veining...... 23 3. Sample from Bear Head Lake uranium occurrence ...... 30 4a. Polished sample of the quartz-carbonate rock showing the rounded siliceous masses and the deeply weathered rind ...... 48 4b. Pink granitoid pegmatite vein cutting material that is 50% calcite, with the remainder quartz and mafic minerals ...... 48

xii

Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist (Red Lake District)—2012

A.F. Lichtblau1, C.C. Storey2, R.D. Tuomi3, H.C. Lockwood4, R.L. Debicki5, P. Moses6 and S.E. Zurevinski7

1Regional Resident Geologist, Red Lake–Kenora, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey 2District Geologist, Red Lake District, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey 3Regional Land Use Geologist – Northwest Region, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey (November to December 2012) 4Regional Land Use Geologist – Northeast Region, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey (January to June 2012) 5Land Use Policy and Planning Co-ordinator, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey 6First Nations Minerals Information Officer – Northwestern Ontario, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey 7Mineral Deposit Compilation Geologist – Northwestern Ontario, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey

INTRODUCTION

Gold was the only commodity mined in the Red Lake District in 2012. 2012 annual production at the Red Lake Mines (the only producer in Red Lake District) of 507 500 ounces gold was down by 18% compared to the prior year’s production (Table 1; Figure 1).

Exploration and development work on 3 major Advanced Exploration projects in the Red Lake greenstone belt continued throughout 2012: 1) Rubicon Minerals Corporation’s Phoenix Gold Project; 2) Goldcorp Inc.’s Bruce Channel Discovery; and 3) Claude Resources Ltd.’s Madsen Mine Project. Almost all exploration expenditures were directed toward gold; nevertheless, iron continued to be the focus of a significant effort by Northern Iron Corp., which started dewatering the north pit of the past-producing Griffith Mine.

Table 1. Mine production and reserves in the Red Lake District in 2012.

Production in 2011 Production in 2012 Reserves Mine (Proven Plus Probable) Total Total Tonnage @ Grade Tonnage @ Grade at end of 2012 Commodity Commodity Goldcorp Inc.– 839 600 tonnes 622 000 507 500 10 480 000 t @ 9.57 g/t Au 858 100 @ 19.52 Red Lake Gold Mines (1) @ 23.94 g/t Au ounces Au ounces Au = 3.23 million ounces Au (1)Goldcorp Inc., news release, February 14, 2013, Management's Discussion and Analysis for the year ended December 31, 2012.

1 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

(NB No production at the Red Lake Mine between 1997 and 1999 due to strike by unionized employees.) Figure 1. Annual gold production in the Red Lake belt, 1986–2012.

The price of gold held steady in the mid-US$1600 range throughout the year, with an annual average of US$1668 (price information from www.kitco.com).

2,000 1,900 1,800 1,700 1,600 1,500 1,400 1,300 1,200 Gold Price (US$) 1,100 1,000

May July April June

March August January October February

November December 2012 September

Figure 2. Average monthly price of gold in 2012 (price information from www.kitco.com). Claim staking activity in the Red Lake Mining Division decreased in 2012 (Table 2) and the number of cancellations increased relative to 2011.These factors decreased the total number of claim units in good standing at year-end. Table 2. Summary of claim status in the Red Lake Mining Division, 2012.

Year Cancelled Recorded Active (Claim Units) (Claim Units) (Claim Units) 2012 3244 2740 22 803 2011 2314 6474 26 378 2010 3569 6271 22 514

2009 4737 2917 19 816 2008 1921 5008 21 326

2 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Year Cancelled Recorded Active (Claim Units) (Claim Units) (Claim Units) 2007 1878 4716 18 334 2006 4759 3358 15 436

2005 5165 3117 16 911 2004 3690 2099 18 647

2003 1842 6781 21 127

2002 1795 7689 15 732

2001 290 291 2269

MINING ACTIVITY

Gold production in Red Lake continued at the integrated operations of Goldcorp Inc.’s Red Lake Gold Mines, comprising the Campbell, Red Lake and Balmer complexes. Goldcorp Inc.’s current production and reserves are given below and historical statistics for all gold producers in the district are displayed in Table 3. The workforce, including contractors, is 1345. The mine manager is Chris Cormier. Goldcorp Inc.–Red Lake Gold Mines

Gold production in 2012 was 507 500 ounces at a cash cost of $US494 per ounce. Changes in the per-ounce production costs reflect increases and decreases in grade, mill throughput and the value of the Canadian dollar. The average realized gold price was $US1673 per ounce Au (Goldcorp Inc., news release, February 14, 2013; Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the Year ended December 31, 2012). Gold production for 2012 was lower than forecasted in 2011 and is expected to remain stable at between 475 000 to 510 000 ounces. Continued mine site exploration during 2012 resulted in the discovery of the NXT zone adjacent to the High Grade Zone and confirmed the extension of the High Grade Zone to the 55 level. The existence of additional high-grade intersections below the 55 level highlight high-grade potential down to the 57 level. Five drills will continue to define and extend the NXT zone between the 48 and 57 levels and beyond, with the objective of identifying the up-plunge extents (Goldcorp Inc., Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012; see SEDAR® Home Page (accessed January 15, 2013)).

Reserve and resource estimates for the Red Lake Gold Mines, as of December, 31, 2012, are listed below:

Category Contained Ounces Gold Proven and Probable Reserves 10 480 000 t @ 9.57 g/t Au = 3 230 000 ounces Au Measured and Indicated Resources 4 690 000 t @ 15.41 g/t Au = 2 320 000 ounces Au Inferred Resources 3 190 000 t @ 16.11 g/t Au = 1 650 000 ounces Au (Goldcorp Inc., news release, February 14, 2013 Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the Year ended December 31, 2012) The Cochenour Project comprises the historic Cochenour–Willans Mine workings with the recently discovered Bruce Channel deposit. Enlarging and upgrading the Cochenour shaft and headframe continued throughout the year. A study of the overall project has been completed that has concluded that the centre of the Bruce Channel ore body is lower than previously expected, necessitating the deepening of the Cochenour shaft by 245 m. This has resulted in a scope change that is expected to increase the initial capital spending to $540 million in current dollars and move first gold production into the first half of 2015. At full production, forecasted life-of-mine gold production from Cochenour is expected to be between 225 000 and 250 000 ounces gold per year (Goldcorp Inc., news release, January 7, 2013). Inferred resources stand at 3.25 million ounces of gold (Goldcorp Inc., news release, February 14, 2013; Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the Year ended December 31, 2012).

The construction of the 5 km long, high-speed haulage drift to connect Cochenour–Willans infrastructure with the Red Lake Mine on the 5400-foot level advanced to 68% completion and is scheduled to be complete by the end of the first quarter of 2014. The drift also provides underground diamond drilling stations which, during 2013, will continue to test the unexplored ground at depth including the Rahill–Bonanza property and other potential targets (ibid).

3 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Table 3. Gold production in the Red Lake District to December 31, 2012.

Ore Milled Gold Produced Mine Years of Production (Short Tons) Troy Ounces Ounces per Ton Red Lake Gold Mines 2006–present(1) 5 569 740 4 378 390 0.786 Campbell Mine 1949–2006(2) 19 944 241 11 216 443 0.564 Goldcorp (Dickenson) 1948–2006(3) 9 606 894 5 962 948 0.621(4) Madsen 1938–1976, 1997(5)–1999 8 678 143 2 452 388 0.283(6) Cochenour–Willans 1939–1971 2 311 165 1 244 279 0.538(7) McKenzie Red Lake 1935–1966 2 353 833 651 156 0.277 Howey 1930–1941, 1957(8) 4 630 779 421 592 0.091(9) Hasaga 1938–1952 1 515 282 218 213 0.144 Starratt Olsen 1948–1956 907 813 163 990 0.181 Berens River 1939–1948 560 607 157 341 0.281 Uchi 1939–1943 757 074 114 467 0.151 Jason (Argosy) 1934–1952 276 573 101 875 0.368 H.G. Young 1960–1963 288 179 55 244 0.192 Sachigo River 1938–1941 46 457 52 560 1.131 McMarmac 1940–1948 152 978 45 246 0.296 Gold Eagle 1937–1941 180 095 40 204 0.223 Jackson Manion 1934–1940 105 357 27 142 0.258 Red Lake Gold Shore 1936–1938 86 333 21 100 0.244 Hudson Patricia 1936–1937 11 228 1857 0.165 Buffalo 1981–1982 31 986 1656 0.052 Abino 1985–1986 2733 1397 0.511 Lake Rowan 1986–1988 13 023 1298 0.100 Mount Jamie 1976 972 377 0.388 Kostynuk Brothers 1963–1966 577 1126 1.951 Bobjo 1929 N/A 362(10) N/A Bathurst 1927–1937 562 307 0.546 Red Summit 1935–1936 591 277 0.469 Sol d’Or 1933–1936 458 258 0.563 McFinley 1987 N/A N/A N/A TOTAL 58 033 673 27 333 493 0.471 Notes: (1) Includes total production from the Red Lake complex from January 1, 2006, and production from the Campbell complex subsequent to May 12, 2006, the date of acquisition. (2) Includes production figures under Placer Dome (CLA) Ltd., to May 12, 2006. (3) For 1997, 1998 and 1999, no production due to strike by unionized employees. (4) From 1970, includes production from Robin Red Lake. (5) Includes clean-up of ore and materials from the mine site. (6) Historic grade, actual grade for 1999 was 0.14 ounce per ton gold. (7) Includes production from Annco and Wilmar properties. (8) Continuous production 1930 to 1941; includes 268 ounces recovered from clean up in 1957. (9) The ore mined at Howey, before sorting, totalled 5 158 376 tons. The average production from run-of-mine ore was therefore 0.0817 ounce per ton gold. (10) Not included in total production figure. N/A Data not available.

4 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

EXPLORATION ACTIVITY

Assessment work received (totalling $17 721 604) by the Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office is listed in Table 4, and a summary of exploration activity is provided in Table 5. Exploration activity decreased from previous years; the reduced ability of securing financing was reflected in a drop in the amount of work on the ground. However, continued surface and underground development work by Rubicon Minerals Corporation and Goldcorp Inc. has supported continued interest in the Red Lake gold camp. Intensive surface diamond drilling programs by Gold Canyon Resources Inc. on its Springpole Lake Gold property focussed attention on the Birch–Uchi greenstone belt.

Table 5 lists the companies and individuals who reported some activity on their property during 2012; several are described in more detail in the following pages. Programs with significant exploration expenditures and/or significant known results, and properties for which the location is of particular strategic or geologic interest are described. Information included in this section is taken from assessment files in the Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, unless otherwise indicated. Programs are keyed to Table 5 and Figures 4, 5 and 6.

Table 4. Assessment files received in the Red Lake District in 2012. Abbreviations AEM ...... Airborne electromagnetic survey Lc ...... Linecutting AM ...... Airborne magnetic survey MMI ...... Mobile Metal Ion™ soil sampling survey ARA ...... Airborne radiometric survey MRE ...... Mineral Resource Estimate (NI 43-101) Beep ...... Beep Mat survey OD ...... Overburden drilling Bulk ...... Bulk sampling ODH ...... Overburden drill hole(s) Comp ...... Compilation PEA ...... Preliminary Economic Assessment DD ...... Diamond drilling PEM ...... Pulse electromagnetic survey DDH ...... Diamond drill hole(s) PGM ...... Platinum group metals DGP ...... Down-hole geophysics Pr ...... Prospecting GC ...... Geochemical survey Rep ...... Technical Report NI 43-101 GEM ...... Ground electromagnetic survey RES ...... Resistivity survey GL ...... Geological survey Samp ...... Sampling (other than bulk) GM ...... Ground magnetic survey Seismic ...... Seismic survey GRA ...... Ground radiometric survey SP ...... Self-potential survey Grav ...... Gravity survey Str ...... Stripping HLEM ...... Horizontal loop electromagnetic survey Tr ...... Trenching HM ...... Heavy mineral sampling UG ...... Underground exploration/development IM ...... Industrial mineral testing and marketing VLEM ...... Vertical loop electromagnetic survey IP ...... Induced polarization survey VLFEM ...... Very low frequency electromagnetic survey

Resident AFRO Credits Geologist Township/Area Company Filing Report Year Work Performed Number Applied Office File Designation Bateman Township Rubicon Minerals Corporation 2010 IP 2.49835 $552 503 RL3451 Baird Township Kariana Resources Inc. 2012 Pr, Assay 2.52837 $15 201 RL3502 Ball Township Goldcorp Inc. 2012 Pr, Samp 2.51993 $16 519 RL3488 Balmer Township Mining Corporation of 1947 Pr, DD Non-Assessment $0.00 RL3494 Canada Bateman Township Rubicon Minerals Corporation 2010 Assay, DD 2.49832 $248 877 RL3453 Bateman Township Goldcorp Inc. 2010 DD 2.50486 $590 202 RL3465 Bateman Township Goldcorp Inc. 2010 DD, Assay 2.50536 $1 016 422 RL3469 Borland Lake Area Guyana Frontier Mining Corp. 2011 DD, Assay 2.50176 $1 338 164 RL3479 Bruce Lake Area Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. 2010 Pr, Samp 2.49304 $412 059 RL3457 Bruce Lake Area Northern Iron Corp. 2011 DDH 2.50671 $145 400 RL3470 Byshe Township DiaMine Exploration Inc. 2011 Pr, Samp, MMI 2.50126 $50 215 RL3462 Camping Lake Area Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. 2010 MMI, Pr, Samp 2.49296 $573 537 RL3455 Camping Lake Area Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. 2011 DD 2.49846 $893 843 RL3460 Camping Lake Area Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. 2010 MMI, GM, Tr, Assay Non-Assessment $0 RL3486

5 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Resident AFRO Credits Geologist Township/Area Company Filing Report Year Work Performed Number Applied Office File Designation Carb Lake Area South American Rare Earth Corp. 2011 AEM, GC, Assay 2.50524 $219 184 RL3468 Cassummit Lake Area Renforth Resources Inc. 2012 AM, HLEM, GEM, LC, 2.51810 $55 123 RL3487 AEM Cassummit Lake Area Gold Canyon Resources Inc. 2012 DD, Assay Non-Assessment $0 RL3499 Cassummit Lake Area Gold Canyon Resources Inc. 2010 DD, Assay 2.52362 $2 940 960 RL3500 Casummit Lake Area AurCrest Gold Inc. 2011 Pr, Assay 2.50512 $32 660 RL3474 Casummit Lake Area Renforth Resources Inc. 2011 Pr, Lc, VLF, GEM, 2.52231 $73 325 RL3496 Dixie Lake Area Herbert, L.K. 2012 DD, Assay 2.51317 $104 333 RL3480 Dome Township Rubicon Minerals Corporation 2010 DD 2.49777 $1 324 949 RL3459 Dome Township Goldcorp Inc. 2010 DD 2.50794 $2 079 720 RL3467 Dome Township Sphere Resources Inc. 2011 IP, LC, GEM 2.52106 $313 380 RL3491 Dome Township Goldcorp Inc. 2010-11 DD, Assay 2.52463 $795 356 RL3493 Earngey Township Mainstream Minerals Corp. 2010/11 DD 2.49474 $266 791 RL3458 Earngey Township Mainstream Minerals Corp. 2011 Assay, DD 2.50290 $227 995 RL3476 Goodall Township Fortune Tiger Resources 2012 Pr, Assay 2.51848 $7 546 RL3484 Goodall Township Fortune Tiger Resources 2012 Pr, Assay 2.52034 $7 850 RL3498 Heyson Township Sabina Gold & Silver Corp. 2011 DD, Assay 2.52262 $208 206 RL3492 Honeywell Township English, Perry Vern 2011 Samp, Assay 2.47855 $75 836 RL3454 Joyce River Area English, Perry Vern 2012 AEM, AM 2.51910 $67 888 RL3485 Karas Lake Area Northern Iron Corp. 2011 DD, Assay 2.50781 $962 352 RL3475 Karas Lake Area AurCrest Gold Inc. 2011 IP, Lc 2.50590 $107 300 RL3477 Lingman Lake Area Winston Resources Inc. 2011 NI 43-101 Technical Rep Non-Assessment $0 RL3489 Lingman Lake Area Largo Resources Inc. 2011 AM, AEM 2.52237 $152 781 RL3501 Pakeagama Lake Houston Lake Mining Inc. 2011 MMI 2.50687 $84 999 RL3471 Satterly Lake Area Strike Gold Corp. 2011 MMI, Pr, Lc, GC, Assay 2.51053 $108 704 RL3490 Setting Net Lake Area Guyana Frontier Mining Corp. 2011 AEM, AM 2.49865 $30 066 RL3452 Setting Net Lake Area Guyana Frontier Mining Corp. 2010 GEM 2.50347 $8,035 RL3464 Setting Net Lake Area Golden Share Mining Corp. 2012 NI 43-101 Technical Rep Non-Assessment $0 RL3481 Setting Net Lake Area Guyana Frontier Mining Corp. 2012 AEM, AM 2.51656 $5 200 RL3483 Shabumeni Lake Frontline Gold Corp. 2011 Pr, Str, Tr, Samp 2.50067 $9 847 RL3461 Shabumeni Lake Area Frontline Gold Corp. 2011 Pr, Tr, Samp, Assay, 2.51478 $268 171 RL3495 GM, GL Shaver Township MetalCORP Ltd. 2010 IP,LC, GM 2.50591 $129 375 RL3466 Slate Lake Area Mainstream Minerals Corp. 2011 MMI 2.51515 $46 554 RL3482 Todd Township Hy Lake Gold Inc. 2011 DDH 2.50690 $611 085 RL3472 Whitemud Lake Area Northern Iron Corp. 2011 DD, Assay 2.50718 $70 977 RL3478 Willans Township Tri Origin Exploration Ltd. 2010 GC, Samp, MET 2.50267 $124 394 RL3463 Willans Township Tri Origin Exploration Ltd. 2011 DDH, Assay 2.50270 $321 744 RL3473 Winters Lake Area Northern Superior Resources Inc. 2011 Lc, GC, Pr, GL, GM 2.49705 $25 976 RL3456

6 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Table 5. Exploration activity in the Red Lake Resident Geologist District in 2012, keyed to Figures 3 to 6.

Abbreviations AEM Airborne electromagnetic survey Lc Linecutting AM Airborne magnetic survey MMI Mobile Metal Ion™ soil sampling survey ARA Airborne radiometric survey MRE Mineral Resource Estimate (NI 43-101) Beep Beep Mat survey OD Overburden drilling Bulk Bulk sampling ODH Overburden drill hole(s) Comp Compilation PEA Preliminary Economic Assessment DD Diamond drilling PEM Pulse electromagnetic survey DDH Diamond drill hole(s) PGM Platinum group metals DGP Down-hole geophysics Pr Prospecting GC Geochemical survey Rep Technical Report NI 43-101 GEM Ground electromagnetic survey RES Resistivity survey GL Geological survey Samp Sampling (other than bulk) GM Ground magnetic survey Seismic Seismic survey GRA Ground radiometric survey SP Self-potential survey Grav Gravity survey Str Stripping HLEM Horizontal loop electromagnetic survey Tr Trenching HM Heavy mineral sampling UG Underground exploration/development IM Industrial mineral testing and marketing VLEM Vertical loop electromagnetic survey IP Induced polarization survey VLFEM Very low frequency electromagnetic survey

No. Company/Individual (Stock Symbol) Township/Area Exploration Activity Property Name (Commodity) 1 AurCrest Gold Inc.(AGO) Casummit Lake Area (Au) DD(8)=1613m, Formerly Tribute Minerals Inc. Received assay results from its (Richardson Lake Property) Richardson Lake Property (AGO, news release, April 30, 2012 and June 5, 2012). Holes RL-12-003 and RL-12-007 intersected mineralization with10 metres of 1.4 g/t Au and 9.5 metres of 1.34 g/t Au in –003, plus 15 metres of 1.83 g/t Au, including 4.0 metres of 6.0 g/t Au, including 3.0 metres of 7.4 g/t Au in – 007 2 Claude Resources Inc. (CRJ) Baird Township (Au) DD(16)=19 100m (Madsen Mine Project) 2 underground and 1 surface drill rig,). 3 Condor Precious Metals Inc. Corless Township (Au) DD(2)=904.5m formerly Galleon Gold (Assessment file 2.52067) (Treasure property) Merged Galleon Gold with Condor Precious Metals Inc. in January 2012 (Condor news release Jan 16, 2012) 4 Conquest Resources Limited (CQR) Balmer Township(Au) Rep (Alexander Gold project) NI 43-101-compliant technical report on the Alexander Property (CQR news release, November 22, 2012). 5 Crown Gold Corp. (CWM) Dome Township (Au) Crown Gold will continue to focus its (McKenzie Island Property) exploration activities on the McKenzie Island Property (CWM, MD & A, October 24, 2012). 6 E-Energy Ventures Inc. (EEV) Todd Township(Au) E-Energy announced the results of pulps (Rivard Property) and metallic assays from their 2008 diamond drill program on the Rivard Property. All but one hole returned gold values greater than 1g/t Au with some spectacular values over 80 g/t Au (EEV, news release, October 23, 2012). 7 Foundation Resources Inc.(FDN) / Open Gold Mitchell Township (Base metals) AEM Corp.(OPG) Heli-TEM helicopter-borne (Mitchell Property) electromagnetic survey (FDN, news

7 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

No. Company/Individual (Stock Symbol) Township/Area Exploration Activity Property Name (Commodity) release, February 21, 2012). Open Gold Corp. signed a letter of intent with Foundation for an option to acquire 100% of the Mitchell property (OPG, news release, May, 8, 2012). 8 God’s Lake Resources Inc. (GLR) Aljo and Levitt Lake Areas (Au) God’s Lake entered into an agreement (Sherman Lake Gold Project) with the Province of Ontario to surrender its entire claim and lease holdings in the Aljo and Levitt Lake areas for $3.5Million (GLR, news release, March 29, 2012) God’s Lake announced the results of its 2011 work program on its Sherman Lake Property (GLR, news release, February, 22, 2012). 9 Gold Canyon Resources Inc. (GCU) Casummit Lake Area (Au) DD(87)=38 069m, MRE, Rep Updated NI 43-101 Technical report for (Springpole Lake Gold Property) Springpole Gold Project (GCU news release, November 30, 2012). 10 Goldcorp Inc. (G) Dome, Balmer and Bateman Townships DD(83)=2916m (Nodwell Geochemical Reconnaissance drilling) (Au) 11 Goldcorp Inc. (G) Dome Township DD(40)=50 432m (Cochenour Project Bruce Chanel Deposit) 12 Goldcorp Inc. (G) Dome Township (Au DD(13)=6378m (Western Discovery Zone) 13 Goldcorp Inc. (G) Dome Township (Au) DD(42)=22 256.92m (Mine Site (Genex) surface drilling) 14 Goldcorp Inc. (G) Dome and Balmer Townships (Au) DD(8)=2335m (Redcon A22 Zone) 15 Goldcorp Inc. (G) / Premier Gold Mines (PG) Bateman Township (Au) DD(9)=4932 (East Bay North Joint Venture) 16 Goldcorp Inc. (G) / Premier Gold Mines (PG) Dome Township DD(11)=14 600m (Rahill-Bonanza Property) 17 Golden Share Mining Corp. (GSH) Setting Net Lake Area (Au, Ag) Rep (Berens River Gold/Base Metal Project) NI43-101rep on the Berens River Property (GSH news release July 5, 2012) 18 Grandview Gold Inc.(GVX) Dome Township Area (Au) IP, RES (Sanshaw-Bonanza Property) Grandview conducted a high resolution Resistivity and IP survey on the Sanshaw-Bonanza property (GVX, news release, January 17, 2012). 19 Grandview Gold Inc.(GVX) Dixie lake Area (Au) Rep (Dixie Lake Property) Grandview is working towards completing a NI 43-101 rep on the Dixie Lake Property (Grandview Gold Inc., MD & A, October 5, 2012). 20 Guyana Frontier Mining Corp. (GYG) Borland Lake Area (Au, Ag) Data review and compilation Formerly Shoreham Resources Inc. (SMH) (Borland Lake) 21 Halo Resources Ltd. (HLO) Ball Township (Au) DD(2)=380m (Bridget Lake Property) (HLO, news release, July 27, 2012). Halo has acquired a 65% interest in the Bridget Lake Property from AurCrest (HLO, February 9, 2012). 22 Halo Resources Ltd. (HLO) Ball Township (Au) DD(5)=1295m (West Red Lake Properties) Halo announces West Red Lake drill program results (HLO, news release, July 27, 2012). 23 Herbert, Larry Dixie Lake Area (Au) Str, Tr (Dixie Lake Property)

8 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

No. Company/Individual (Stock Symbol) Township/Area Exploration Activity Property Name (Commodity) 24 Houston Lake Mining Inc. Pakeagama and Mechita Lakes Area MMI, Rep (Pakeagama Lake Property) (Rare Metals) Completed processing the initial Mobile Metal Ion (MMI) geochemical survey (HLM, news release, December 4, 2012). Compiling information for an upcoming NI 43-101 rep. (HLM, MD & A, March 31, 2012 and news release, September 26, 2012). HLM expands the Pakeagama rare metals property to the North-West of its exposed high-grade pegmatite by staking (HLM, news release, November 8, 2012). 25 Hy Lake Gold Inc. (HYL) (Now known as West Todd and Ball Townships (Au) Purchased the Pipestone Bay Property Red Lake Gold Mines Inc.) along with the Golden Tree Property and (Pipestone Bay Project) staked and recorded a 6 claim property know as the West Pipestone Property (HYL, news release, February 29, 2012). Hy Lake Gold Inc. receives regulatory approval for name change to West Red Lake Gold Mines Inc. (West Red Lake Gold Mines Inc., news release, June 28, 2012). 26 Hy Lake Gold Inc. (HYL) (Now known as West Todd and Ball Townships (Au) DD(15)=2972m Red Lake Gold Mines Inc.) (HYL, news releases, May 3, 2012 and (Golden Tree Property) May 30, 2012). Finalized purchase of Golden Tree Property (Hy Lake Gold Inc., news release, February 29, 2012). 27 Hy lake Gold Inc. (HYL) (Now known as west Todd Township (Au) DD(16)=2161m Red Lake Gold Mines Inc.) (HYL, news releases, May 3, 2012 and (Mount Jamie Mine Property) May 30, 2012). 28 Kariana Resources Inc. (KAA) Baird and Heyson Townships (Au) Company continues to make option (South Baird Property) payments on the property (KAA MD & A, Nov 23, 2012) 29 Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. (LGF)/Kinross Gold Longlegged Lake, Camping Lake, GL, Samp Corp.(Goldpines North Property) Cabin Lake and Gould Lake Areas (LGF news release June 13, 2012) (Au) explore North Sea and Kwai anomalies through surface and top of bedrock sampling to refine targets for future drill testing (Laurentian Goldfields Ltd., MD&A, June 21, 2012). 30 Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. (LGF)/AngloGold Longlegged Lake, Camping Lake, DD(3)=972m Ashanti Ltd. Cabin Lake and Gould Lake Areas (LGF news release, February 1, 2012). (Goldpines South Property) (Au) Drilling identified the local presence of iron sulphides (Laurentian Goldfields Ltd., MD&A, June 21, 2012). 31 Mega Precious Metals Inc. (MGP) Balmer township (Au) Completed the acquisition of a 100% (Headway Gold Property) interest in the property from Kings Bay Corp. and Palomino Mining and Exploration Ltd. (Mega Precious Metals Inc., news release, Nov. 29, 2012) 32 Mega Precious Metals Inc. (MGP) Heyson Township (Au) DDH(23)=7869 m (North Madsen Project) NI43-101 compliant openpit resource >1.3M ounces Au (Mega Precious Metals Inc., news release, October 25, 2011) Preliminary metallurgical testing indicates greater than 95% gold recovery through gravity and cyanidation processing (Mega Precious Metals Inc., news release, July 17, 2012) 33 Newstrike Resources Ltd. (NR) Mitchell & Bowerman Townships Newstrike announces they have (Horseshoe Lake Property) (Base metals) evaluated the results of the Oct. 2011

9 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

No. Company/Individual (Stock Symbol) Township/Area Exploration Activity Property Name (Commodity) drill program and has decided not to continue with the property, for which the option has lapsed (Newstrike Resources Ltd., MD & A, July 11, 2012) 34 Northern Iron Corp. Bruce Lake Area (Fe) DDH(11)=3732 m (Griffith Iron Mine) Dewatering of the Griffith pit commenced on October 22, 2012. Permit allows pumping of the first 25 m of water into adjoining Bruce Lake (Northern Iron Corp., news release, October 24, 2012) see text “Exploration Activity”, “Red Lake Greenstone Belt”, “Northern Iron Corp.” 35 Northern Iron Corp. Karas Lake Area (Fe) DDH(51)=20 400 m (Karas Lake) Preliminary metallurgical tests indicate an average iron content of 98.1% Fe2O3 (68.7% Fe) in concentrates at a grind of 325 mesh (Northern Iron Corp., news release, July 16, 2012). see text “Exploration Activity”, “Red Lake Greenstone Belt”, “Northern Iron Corp.” 36 Northern Superior Resources Inc. (SUP) Rapson Bay and Stull Lake Areas (Au) Assay results from the 2011 drilling (Rapson Bay Property) program returned up to 32.6 g/t Au over 1.0 m; and 0.83 g/t Au, 3.07 g/t Ag, 0.55% Cu, 0.028% Mo over 52.5 m (Northern Superior Resources Inc., news releases, January 11 & 23, 2012) 37 Orefinders Resources Inc. Heyson & Baird Townships (Fe) Orefinders released NI 43-101 Technical (Derlak Property) Rep on the Derlak Property. (Orefinders Resources Inc., news release, August 31, 2012). 38 Redstar Gold Corp. (RGC) / Todd Township(Au) DDH(20)=>7745 m Confederation Minerals Ltd. (CFM) see text “Exploration Activity”, ”Red (Newman Todd Property) Lake Greenstone Belt”, “Redstar Gold Corp.—Confederation Minerals Ltd.”, “Newman Todd Property” 39 Rubicon Minerals Corporation (RMX) Bateman Township (Au) DD, UG (Phoenix Gold Project) Rubicon Minerals Corporation announced that they are now fully permitted to develop, construct and operate a potential mining and milling facility for the Phoenix Gold Project (Rubicon Minerals Corporation, news release, March 21, 2012). see text “Exploration Activity”, ”Red Lake Greenstone Belt”, “Rubicon Minerals Corporation”, “Phoenix Gold Project” 40 Sabina Gold & Silver Corp. (SBB.T) / Heyson Township(Au) DDH(13)=4332 m Premier Gold Mines Limited (PG) Sabina acquired Premier Gold Mines (Newman-Madsen Property) Ltd.’s 50% interest in the Newman- Madsen property (Sabina Gold and Silver Corp., news release, January 17, 2012). 41 Solitaire Minerals Corp. (SLT) / Bateman, Black Bear, Coli Lake and Option to acquire an interest in the Rubicon Minerals Corporation (RMX) McDonough Townships (Au) property from Rubicon Minerals (Red Lake North Property) Corporation was terminated (Solitaire Minerals Corp., MD & A, September 20, 2012). Solitaire changed its name to Pistol Bay Mining (Pistol Bay Mining Inc., news release, November 6, 2012).

10 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

No. Company/Individual (Stock Symbol) Township/Area Exploration Activity Property Name (Commodity) 42 Sphere Resources Inc. (SPH.H) / Byshe, Heyson, Dome Township (Au) DDH(4)=2121 m Duncan Park Holdings Corp. (DPH) 2 holes on the Dome property and 2 (Dome Property/ McManus Property) holes on the McManus property (Duncan Park Holdings Corp., news release, March 21, 2012). 43 Tri-Origin Exploration (TOE) South of Otter Lake Area (Au) IP, GL, GC (Red Lake Extension-RLX) DDH(6)=818.5 m West Red Lake Gold Mines Inc. (RLG) Todd and Ball Townships (Au) formerly Hy Lake Gold Inc. (West Red (Formerly Hy Lake Gold Inc.) Lake Gold Mines Inc., news release, (Various Properties) June 28, 2012) see “Hy Lake Gold Inc.”

11 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Figure 3. Exploration activity in the Red Lake District in 2012. Index map for Figures 4 to 9 (roads are shown in red).

12 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Red Lake Greenstone Belt

Exploration in the Red Lake belt has continued at a steady pace since 2001. Table 5 lists the companies and individuals who reported some activity on their property during 2012; several are described in more detail in the following pages.

Work on significant discoveries from 2004 and 2005 continued in 2012 and 3 projects have Advanced Exploration status: Rubicon Minerals Corporation’s Phoenix Gold project; Goldcorp Inc.’s Cochenour Project (see “Goldcorp Inc.”); and Claude Resources Inc.’s Madsen Mine project. Other projects have been advanced to the point of NI 43- 101-compliant Mineral Resource Estimates (see Table 17). Many projects have advanced to the stage where major diamond drilling programs are the preferred method of exploration. While gold is the primary commodity sought, Northern Iron Corp. has significantly advanced several properties, including commencing dewatering the past- producing Griffith Iron Mine (see “Northern Iron Corp.”).

Figure 4. Red Lake District (north part): Exploration activity (see Table 5) and property examination (bedrock geology from OGS 2000).

13 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Figure 5. Red Lake greenstone belt: Exploration activity and active mines (see Table 5) (bedrock geology from OGS 2000).

Figure 6. Birch–Uchi greenstone belt: Exploration activity (see Table 5) (bedrock geology from OGS 2000).

14 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Figure 7. Red Lake greenstone belt: Property examinations (see Table 8) (bedrock geology from OGS 2000).

Figure 8. Red Lake, Birch–Uchi and Confederation greenstone belts and English River Subprovince: Property examinations (see Table 8) (bedrock geology from OGS 2000).

15 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Figure 9. Red Lake greenstone belt and English River Subprovince: Property examinations (see Table 8) (bedrock geology from OGS 2000). CLAUDE RESOURCES INC.

Claude Resources Inc.’s (“CRJ”) Madsen gold property consists of a 4000 ha land package which hosts the past- producing Madsen, Starratt-Olsen, Buffalo and Faulkenham mines. The Madsen project currently has 3 236 000 t at 8.93 g/t Au in the National Instrument 43-101-compliant Indicated Resources category and 788 000 t at 11.74 g/t Au in the Inferred Resources category (Claude Resources Inc., news release, December 7, 2009). Claude Resources Inc. maintained current water levels below the 17th Level and had two diamond drill stations set up on the 16th level. The company carried out 19 100 m of underground and surface diamond drilling in 16 holes. Diamond drilling from the 16th level targeted the 8 Zone and strike extensions of the 8 Zone as well as the Austin and McVeigh Tuff plunge continuity. This program confirmed the 8 Zone system 250 m down-plunge from historic mining as well as indicated potential for high-grade, sub-parallel lenses. The system continues to remain open down- plunge and along strike to the east. (Claude Resources Inc., news release, November 20, 2012). The Austin Tuff unit contained the historic Madsen workings (1938 to 1976) and the McVeigh Tuff were explored underground by a ramp system 1997 to 1999. (NB The names Austin and McVeigh Tuff are historic mine terminology that are still used but they do not necessarily indicate the true protolith of these units.)

Claude Resources completed three deep surface diamond drill holes to evaluate the Austin Tuff at elevations of 1200 to 1800 m below surface. Drill holes AD-11-01, AD-12-01b and -02a intersected widespread alteration and mineralization, returning gold assays of up to 14.3 g/t Au over 2.00 m. These holes are the deepest completed to date on the property and confirm the development of the Austin Tuff 600 m below historic mine stopes. The Austin Tuff continues to remain open down-plunge and along strike to the east (Claude Resources Inc., news release, November 20, 2012).

16 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Significant assay results from underground diamond drilling are tabulated below (CRJ news release, November 20, 2012).

Hole-ID From (m) To (m) Width (m) Grade (g/t) Zone AD-11-01 2,376.0 2,378.0 2.0 14.30 Austin Tuff AD-12-01b 1,887.0 1,889.0 2.0 3.43 Austin Tuff MUG-12-18d 821.0 823.0 2.0 6.52 8 Zone - Main MUG-12-20 795.0 797.0 2.0 26.50 8 Zone - Main and 882.9 884.2 1.3 8.12 8 Zone -FW MUG-11-21 102.0 104.0 2.0 9.53 Austin Tuff MUG-12-24 547.0 549.0 2.0 4.55 8 Zone - Main MUG-12-25b 1,045.0 1,047.0 2.0 14.55 8 Zone - FW MUG-12-26 833.0 834.5 1.5 12.00 8 Zone - Main MUG-12-28 787.5 789.0 1.5 4.75 8 Zone -HW and 834.0 835.5 1.5 29.60 8 Zone - Main MUG-12-29 361.0 363.0 2.0 17.70 McVeigh Tuff MUG-12-30 951.0 952.0 1.0 7.77 8 Zone - FW

GOLDCORP INC.

Goldcorp Inc. carried out surface exploration on several projects either by itself or in joint-venture with other companies. At Goldcorp Inc.’s Cochenour project, work on the shaft and surface facilities continued through the year (as described in “Mining Activity”, this volume). Diamond drilling continued from McKenzie Island, targeting the Cochenour Mine Upper Main Zone. A total of 50 432 m were drilled in 40 drill holes. Goldcorp also drilled 13 holes for 6378 m on the Western Discovery Zone of the former Gold Eagle Mines within the McKenzie Stock on McKenzie Island. The Redcon A22 Zone at the southeast end of East Bay was drilled for 2335 m in 8 drill holes (personal communication Mark Epp, Goldcorp Red Lake Gold Mines).

Mine Site Surface Exploration (“Genex”) generated a further 26 diamond drill holes for a total of 19 850.4 m. Table 5 lists the exploration projects and the amount of diamond drilling carried out in 2012.

The Rahill–Bonanza project is situated between the Red Lake Mine complexes and the past-producing Cochenour Mine in Dome Township. Goldcorp Inc. is the project operator with 51% interest; Premier Gold Mines Ltd. holds the remaining 49%. The 2012 diamond drilling program continued to test targets proximal to the Wilmar Mine and the haulage drift being driven from Goldcorp’s existing mine workings to the Bruce Channel Zone. A total of 14 600 m were drilled in 11 diamond drill holes (3 surface, 8 underground). Drill hole PG12110 tested the down-dip extension of the past-producing Wilmar Mine, returning an intersection of 4.01 g/t Au across 20.5 m including 11.51 g/t Au across 3.0 m. This hole tested the horizon some 457 m below the bottom level of the mine. Drill hole PG12112 was a near-vertical hole that tested the West Granodiorite Zone (“WGZ”) bulk-tonnage target located immediately west of Wilmar. The veining within the WGZ is flat-lying, and this hole tested flat-lying veins of the horizon and returned 1.52 g/t Au across 126.0 m, including intersections of up to 27.08 g/t Au across 1.0 m (Premier Gold Mines Ltd., news release, November 20, 2012).

The haulage drift has advanced to more than 1341 m onto the Joint Venture property and intersected multiple anomalous gold-bearing structures, two of which have been tested by drilling from underground. Elevated gold values were received from muck and chip samples, with assays as high as 5.9 g/t Au across 2.4 m. Drilling has intersected numerous vein zones with sulphides, including arsenopyrite, and visible gold (assays pending at year- end). More recently exposed structures cut by the tram, along strike to the west, also contain veining and mineralization with elevated gold grades to over 10.0 g/t Au in muck and chip samples (Premier Gold Mines Ltd. News release November 20, 2012).

Goldcorp Inc. and Premier Gold Mines Ltd. have entered into a Joint-Venture Agreement on the East Bay North property located in Bateman Township. Goldcorp Inc. is the operator and has a 65% interest in the joint-venture with Premier Gold Mines Ltd. holding the remaining 35%. A total of 4932 m of drilling in 9 holes were completed on the FW Main and FW2 structures on the east shore of East Bay (personal communication Mark Epp, Goldcorp Red Lake Gold Mines).

17 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Summary of Rahill-Bonanza Drill Results (uncut):

Hole-ID Dip/Azimuth From To Interval Grade Zone (degrees) (m) (m) (m) (g/t) PG12110 -80/332.5 1240.0 1243.0 3.0 4.37 X Including 1316.0 1336.5 20.5 4.01 6E 1323.0 1326.0 3.0 11.51 6E PG12111 -71/323 deviated No significant results PG12112 -72/327 707.0 833.0 126.0 1.52 WGZ Including 720.0 721.0 1.0 27.08 WGZ And 732.0 735.3 3.3 6.63 WGZ And 767.5 770.0 2.5 6.73 WGZ True widths of intersections estimated at 40% to70% of intersection width

As part of its regional geological reconnaissance program, Goldcorp Inc. carried out diamond drilling specifically to build up their local rock geochemistry database and to examine the bedrock in areas where there is no exposure. These holes are drilled through overburden and then 15 m into bedrock, which supplies an appropriate unweathered sample for lithogeochemical analysis. During 2012, 83 NQ diamond drill holes for a total of 2916 m (1374 m casing, 1245 m core) were drilled in parts of Dome, Balmer and Bateman townships. In addition to this work, Goldcorp Inc. also sampled diamond drill core stored at the Red Lake Remote Drill Core Storage Site operated by the Red Lake Resident Geologist office.

Goldcorp Inc. is in joint-venture agreements with Halo Resources on the West Red Lake property (see Table 5) and West Red Lake Gold Mines Inc. (formerly Hy Lake Gold Inc.) on the Rowan property(see “Exploration Activity”, “Red Lake Greenstone Belt”, “West Red Lake Gold Mines Inc.”, this volume). Goldcorp Inc. is involved with several other joint-venture agreements on Red Lake area properties. In September 2007, Claude Resources Inc. and Sabina Gold & Silver Corp. were joint-venture partners exploring the Redaurum Property, approximately 8 km west of the town of Red Lake. Claude Resources Inc. holds 25%, Sabina Gold & Silver Corp. holds 20%, and Goldcorp Inc. holds the remaining 55% interest in the project, with Goldcorp Inc. acting as operator. In May 2006, Goldcorp Inc. earned a 60% interest in the Sidace Lake project, and formed a joint-venture with Planet Exploration Inc. Goldcorp Inc. is the operator of the project, which is located approximately 28 km northeast of its Red Lake operations. Skyharbour Resources Ltd. and Bayfield Ventures Corp. each own a 24.5% interest in the Baird Property, located 14 km southwest of the Red Lake operations. Goldcorp Inc. owns the remaining 51% interest and is project operator (Goldcorp Inc., http://www.goldcorp.com/English/Unrivalled-Assets/Exploration- Partnerships/default.aspx (accessed January 24, 2013)).

HALO RESOURCES INC.

Halo Resources Inc.’s West Red Lake property covers a wide area with several gold occurrences, including the May Spiers and Miles Red Lake deposits, and the Bridget Lake property. Halo completed 5 diamond drill holes for a total of 1295 m at the Pancake Bay target, 1.5 km west of Bridget Lake. A sinistral offset of roughly 150 m is observed in rock units between one side of the bay and the other. This offset is likely due to an apparent north- trending fault that also appears to be coincident with a geophysical anomaly. Five stratigraphic holes were drilled to establish the breadth and extent of the alteration interpreted as causing the geophysical anomaly. Additional planned holes were not completed due to unexpected warm weather in March (Halo Resources Inc., news release, July 27, 2012). Sixteen separate intervals of anomalous gold concentrations were intersected in holes PB12-032, PB12-033 and PB12-035. These intervals include two mineralized zones in hole PB12-032 of 11 m with composite gold grades of 0.20 to 0.24 g/t Au respectively. Further exploration is planned.

At the Bridget Lake target, Halo completed 2 diamond drill holes, west of Bridget Lake, totalling 380 m. Hole B12-037 was drilled to intersect offsets observed in geophysical trends below Bridget Lake. Mineralization was associated with structures, disseminated pyrite and the one narrow occurrence of banded iron formation within a package of metasedimentary rocks. Five samples, approximately 1 m long, returned between 0.335 and 0.948 g/t Au with an additional 4 m zone at 117 m down-hole that returned 0.834 g/t Au. Hole BL12-038 was halted at 50 m due

18 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

to an early thaw. The hole was intended to test for additional north- trending, cross-cutting, high-grade quartz veins similar to those identified east of the hole at surface. At 27.3 m, an interval of 5.8 m grading 0.404 g/t Au was intersected. The intersection is hosted by sulphide-facies iron formation in contact with dolostone and contains disseminated pyrite. A second interval of 1.77 m at 42 m down-hole, returned 0.381 g/t Au (Halo Resources Inc., news release, July 27, 2012).

HOUSTON LAKE MINING INC.

Houston Lake Mining Inc.’s Pakeagama Lake Rare Metals Project is located approximately 160 km north of Red Lake and is accessible by air or winter road. The company has held the claims and has been actively exploring the property since 1999. The property consists of 1792 ha at the western end of Pakeagama Lake, covering the known pegmatite and its host rocks. The original discovery was made by the Ontario Geological Survey in the 1990’s. Past exploration by Houston Lake Mining Inc. has consisted of surface geological mapping, ground magnetic and electromagnetic surveys, channel sampling and Mobile Metal Ion™ (MMI) surveys. Work during 2012 comprised additional MMI sampling and a 91-sample channel sampling program, plus additional claim staking to expand the property to the northwest (Houston Lake Mining Inc., news releases, November 8 and December 4, 2012 and January 29, 2013). Information is being compiled for an upcoming NI 43-101-compliant technical report (Houston Lake Mining Inc., Management's Discussion and Analysis, March 31, 2012). Previous geological mapping identified five, mineralogically distinct zones. From northwest to southwest, and perpendicular to the strike of the pegmatite, the zones include a Stacked Aplite Zone, a potassium feldspar-Petalite Zone, an intermediate Potassic Pegmatite Zone, a Spodumene-Quartz Core Zone and a Wall Zone.

The following descriptions and analytical results have been compiled from Houston Lake Mining Inc. news releases of January 10 and 23, 2013. The Upper Intermediate Zone (UIZ) represents the lithium-bearing zone within the pegmatite and is dominated by “SQUI”, an oriented spodumene + quartz intergrowth after primary petalite, with lesser grey potassium feldspar and primary white spodumene in quartz. The Lower Intermediate Zone (LIZ) comprises a large portion of the exposed pegmatite and is considered an intermediate stage zone historically carrying significant lithium, tantalum and rubidium values. The zone comprises predominantly potassium and sodium feldspars, quartz, SQUI and Li-muscovite. The Central Intermediate Zone (CIZ) is located in the upper portions of the pegmatite and consists of predominantly grey potassium feldspar. It is in contact with both the Upper Intermediate Zone and Upper Wall Zone, and persists to the southeastern edge of the outcrop where it is believed the pegmatite continues under the till cover. To the southeast, where the potassium feldspar is altered to mica + quartz, several channel samples were completed. The highest tantalum grades found to date in the exposed pegmatite are from an altered zone where the potassium feldspars are more or less completely replaced by a Li-mica + quartz.

CHANNEL SAMPLE AZIMUTH LENGTH Li2O Zone (DEGREES) (m) (%) PAK-12-CH004R 240 5.00 4.82 UIZ including 2.00 4.93 PAK-12-CH003BR 228 5.00 4.75 UIZ including 1.00 5.06 PAK-12-CH003AR 216 5.00 4.64 UIZ including 1.00 4.99 PAK-12-CH0018 214 7.05 4.20 UIZ including 1.00 4.48 PAK-12-CH015R 198 11.00 1.99 LIZ PAK-12-CH016R 213 3.00 3.67 LIZ including 1.00 4.50 PAK-12-CH017R 218 9.00 2.15 LIZ including 1.00 2.93 PAK-12-CH019 33 11.60 1.96 CIZ including 1.00 3.44

19 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

The following data are all from the Central Intermediate Zone (CIZ):

CHANNEL AZIMUTH LENGTH Ta2O5 Nb2O5 SnO2 SAMPLE (DEGREES) (m) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) PAK-12-CH001R 226 14.00 192 115 131 including 6.00 270 179 123 also 1.00 387 262 143 PAK-12-CH007R 222 6.00 83 32 129 including 1.00 125 89 74 PAK-12-CH019 213 11.60 87 34 127 3.10 125 42 172

WEST RED LAKE GOLD MINES INC. (FORMERLY HY LAKE GOLD INC.)

During the year, Hy Lake Gold Inc. received regulatory approval for its name change to West Red Lake Gold Mines Inc. (West Red Lake Gold Mines Inc., news release, June 28, 2012). (In Table 5 the West Red Lake Gold Mines entries are still listed as Hy Lake Gold Inc). West Red Lake Gold Mines Inc. has an extensive land package in the western part of the Red Lake greenstone belt in Todd and Ball townships, extending from Pipestone Bay in the west to Martin Bay in the east. The property is underlain by rocks of the Balmer, Ball, Slate Bay and Confederation assemblages. Within this corridor, the Mount Jamie, Rowan and Red Summit properties have reported past production and underground workings (see Table 3). The Golden Tree Property has been explored by other operators in the past. West Red Lake Gold Mines Inc. finalized purchase of the Golden Tree Property in February 2012 (Hy Lake Gold Inc., news release, February 29, 2012). Along with the Golden Tree Property, the company purchased the Pipestone Bay Property and staked an additional 6-claim block adjacent to the western side of the Pipestone Bay property, known as the West Pipestone Property. Both of these properties are on the western side of Pipestone Bay in Ball Township, in the Biron Bay area of Pipestone Bay.

West Red Lake Gold Mines Inc. carried out exploration work on the Mount Jamie and Golden Tree properties during 2012. A total of 16 diamond drill holes, totalling 2116 m on the Mount Jamie property and 15 diamond drill holes, totalling 2972 m, on the adjacent Golden Tree property were completed during 2012. Previous and current exploration has identified four property-scale, gold-mineralized trends: 1) the Golden Tree Trend, 2) the North Trend, extending through the Mount Jamie Number 2 shaft, 3) the Main Mine Trend through the Mount Jamie Main shaft; and 4) the West Mount Jamie Trend. Figure 10 illustrates these trends and the 2012 diamond drilling.

Gold mineralization is generally hosted by quartz veins and veinlets, associated with zones of medium to strong carbonate and sericite-chlorite (sometimes fuchsite) alteration and sulphide mineralization. The presence of gold is not bound to a particular host rock type, yet intermediate metavolcanic rocks showed the most significant gold values in the 2012 diamond drilling program (Hy Lake Gold Inc., news release May 30, 2012).

High gold assay values from the 2012 diamond Mount Jamie drilling included the following (Hy Lake Gold Inc. news release May 30, 2012):

Hole ID From (m) To (m) Width (m) Gold (g/t) HY-12-01 composite 39 41 2 6.82 including 39 40 1 3.75 and including 40 41 1 9.88 HY-12-02 composite 87 95 8 4.16 including 87 88 1 6.82 and including 89 90 1 3.91 and including 90 91 1 2.09 and including 92 93 1 18.30 HY-12-07 91 92 1 5.38 HY-12-25 composite 85 89 4 6.96 HY-12-25 including 86 87 1 13.60

20 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Hole ID From (m) To (m) Width (m) Gold (g/t) and including 87 88 1 13.30 HY-12-29 74 75 1 12.40 HY-12-29 194 195 1 5.55 HY-12-29 211 212 1 7.89

Figure 10. Winter/spring 2012 diamond drilling program, Mount Jamie and Golden Tree properties. Map from Hy Lake Gold Inc. (now West Red Lake Gold Mines Inc.), news release, May 3, 2012.

NORTHERN IRON CORP.

Northern Iron Corp. retains a 100% interest in 3 iron deposits (Griffith, Karas and Papaonga) in the southern portion of the Red Lake Greenstone belt. The company recently entered into an asset purchase agreement with Ontario Iron Mining Inc. (OIMI) whereby OIMI will acquire Northern Iron Corp.’s El Sol and Whitemud iron properties for $5M (Northern Iron Corp., news release, November 13, 2012). OIMI is a privately owned company whose shareholders control a Chinese commodity handler, trading house and asset manager.

The Griffith Mine (OGS 2013b) produced approximately 78.8M tonnes of iron ore from 2 pits between 1968 and 1986; a historical resource of approximately 120M tonnes @ 29% Fe was recorded in 1983 (MDI 52K14SW00002), at which time annual production rates declined significantly to end of mine life in 1986. The north pit was designed for production down to 335 m vertical depth, but was mined only to 102 m (Hutchings 2011).

A permit to dewater the north pit to 25 m was issued by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment (Northern Iron Corp., news release, October 24, 2012) and the company commenced pumping at approximately 53 000 litres per minute (Photo 1). By the end of 2012, the dewatering process had lowered the water level in the pit by approximately 5 m. This equates to 4 025 000 000 litres of water removed since pumping started on

21 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

October 22, 2012 (ibid, February 4, 2013). This exercise will allow diamond drilling from the first tier of benches in the summer of 2013. The water removed from the pit is pumped into Bruce Lake, from which it eventually flows into Pakwash Lake and the Chukuni/English River system.

Photo 1. Griffith north pit dewatering operation, looking to opposite pit side, 1.9 km south. Approximately 2 m of drawdown visible in differential weathering of pit face (upper left of photo).

Delineation of the remaining iron deposit beneath current pit bottom was started in 2012 with the drilling of 11 holes (totalling 3731.6 m). An additional 16 000 m are budgeted for the 2013 diamond drilling program from the benches, after which the company believes it will have enough data for a resource estimate and a preliminary economic evaluation. Northern Iron Corp. entered into two separate agreements with Chinese interests for the delivery of 960 000 tonnes of hot briquetted iron by 2016 (Northern Iron Corp., news releases, May 23 and September 5, 2012)

In 2012 the company completed a 51-hole, 20 400 m, diamond drilling program on its 100%-owned Karas property, situated approximately 15 km east of the Griffith property. The holes were designed to delineate the deposit in preparation for a resource estimation to be completed in 2013 (Northern Iron Corp., news release, January 29, 2013).

Significant intersections from the program include the following:

Hole ID From (m) To (m) Width (m) Fe2O3 (%) Ka-12-47 86.3 203.0 114.7 39.06 Ka-12-48 227.6 284.3 56.7 32.06 and 386.5 514.5 128.0 35.36 Ka-12-50 221.0 293.1 72.1 31.36

22 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

REDSTAR GOLD CORP.–CONFEDERATION MINERALS LTD.– NEWMAN TODD PROPERTY

The property comprises 13 patented claims totalling 195 ha in Todd Township, approximately 28 km west of Red Lake. Confederation Minerals Ltd. can earn a 50% interest in the property by spending $5 million over 3 years (Redstar Gold Corp., news release, January 21, 2011). The property is underlain by Ball assemblage felsic, mafic and ultramafic metavolcanic rocks, iron formation, chert and marble.

Gold mineralization is associated with quartz veining and silica-sulphide and magnetite replacement zones within a widespread iron-carbonate alteration zone referred to as the Newman–Todd Structure (NTS). The NTS has an inferred length of 2.2 km, and has been drill-tested to date along a 1.8 km, northeast-trending strike length. Along this trend, the companies interpreted a series of over 20 nearly vertical to steeply plunging high-grade zones, drill- tested on 25 and 50 m centres, to a depth of approximately 400 m. One deep hole, drilled in the central portion of the structure, intersected mineralization and alteration interpreted to be the NTS between 787.5 m and 931.8 m vertical depth; assays were pending at year-end (Confederation Minerals Ltd., news release, December 6, 2012).

Significant results from the 2012 drilling program included (Confederation Minerals Ltd., news release, November 20, 2012):

Hole From (m) To (m) Length (m) Gold (g/t) NT-121 14.0 16.0 2.0 10.65 306.0 308.0 2.0 10.14 NT-123 293.0 295.5 2.5 32.65 NT-124 286.0 287.0 1.0 10.8 NT-125 408.0 411.0 3.0 25.95

Diamond drilling is planned to continue through 2013; the companies believe results of this program will provide sufficient geological and assay data to form the basis for a Preliminary Economic Assessment. Stantec Consulting Ltd. will continue with field-based environmental baseline studies and data gathering at the site to enable future permitting requirements to move the project forward, including activities after the surface drilling stage (Confederation Minerals Ltd., news release, September 19, 2012).

Photo 2. Newman–Todd Structure showing brecciation, iron-carbonate alteration and quartz veining (photo courtesy Confederation Minerals Ltd.).

23 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

RUBICON MINERALS CORPORATION

The Phoenix Gold Project continued to be the focus of exploration for Rubicon Minerals Corporation during 2011 and 2012. The property contains the historical McFinley shaft and surface infrastructure, where an extensive underground exploration project took place in the 1980s. Rubicon Minerals Corporation . acquired the rights to the property in 2002 and discovered the F2 Zone in March 2008. Since then, exploration and development work has focussed on the F2 Zone with a targeted start of production in 2014. The present focus is on shaft sinking, mill and tailings management facility construction. The project has an approved Closure Plan and is fully permitted to develop, construct and operate a potential milling and mining facility (Rubicon Minerals Corporation, news release, November 13, 2012).

Underground drilling was suspended late in 2012 to facilitate shaft deepening to the 610 m level, after which development and infill drilling will resume. Opportunities for project optimization include continued shaft deepening to 1000 m, which will allow access to more mining areas and delay the requirement to setup for a second phase of shaft deepening.

A Preliminary Economic Evaluation (PEA) and updated NI 43-101 compliant resource estimate were completed, based on 245 142 m of drilling to the end of February 2011 (Rubicon Minerals Corporation, news release, August 11, 2011):

Resources Classification Tonnes Grade (g/t Au) Contained Gold (ounces) Indicated 1 028 000 14.5 477 000 Inferred 4 230 000 17.0 2 317 000

Highlights of the PEA include (based on a gold price of US$1500 per ounce):

• an average production of 180 000 ounces Au per year; • a grade of 13.87 g/t Au; • payback period of 2 years; and • a mine life of 12 years By the end of September 2012 approximately $40M of capital expenditures will have been incurred; assuming no changes to the PEA, approximately $174M of capital expenditures will remain before an anticipated start of production in 2014.

The company plans to release an updated mineral resource estimate that incorporates data from an additional 100 000 m of diamond drilling completed since late 2011. In conjunction, the company continues to prepare and review studies on the optimization of the existing PEA (Rubicon Minerals Corporation, news release, January 28, 2013).

Rubicon Minerals Corporation holds approximately 100 square miles of additional mineral claims in the Red Lake camp. Due to the Company’s focus on developing the Phoenix Gold Project, exploration of these other properties has been temporarily put on hold.

During the year, there were approximately 33 Rubicon Minerals Corporation employees and 75 contractors on site (S. McDonald, Rubicon Minerals Corporation, personal communication, 2013). Birch–Uchi and Confederation Greenstone Belts

The Birch–Uchi and Confederation greenstone belts are geologically similar to the Red Lake belt, except that they have a much larger proportion of Neoarchean Confederation assemblage supracrustal rocks; only a small proportion of Mesoarchean rocks (the Woman and Narrow Lake assemblages) have been identified in them (Sanborn-Barrie et al. 2004). A large amount of mafic metavolcanic rock is exposed in the Birch Lake area and in the eastward extension of the belt toward the district boundary west of Root Lake. Rare metal-enriched, S-type granite and associated rare metal pegmatites have been reported by Breaks, Selway and Tindle (2003); the pegmatites along the eastward extension of the Confederation greenstone belt have been the focus of some exploration work. Both gold and base metals have been historically produced (see Tables 3 and 6), but there are no currently producing mines.

24 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

While large areas of ground are held, exploration activity here is not as intense as that in the Red Lake belt. During the year, 6 companies carried out field programs, including diamond drilling, in the Birch–Uchi and Confederation greenstone belts. Gold Canyon Resources Inc. had the most extensive program owing to its extensive diamond drilling programs on the Springpole Lake gold property in the Casummit Lake area. Exploration activities are summarized in Table 5.

AURCREST GOLD INC. The Richardson Lake Property is located in the northern part of the Birch-Uchi greenstone belt between Casummit and Richardson Lakes with the bulk of the claims in the Casummit Lake claim map area. Exploration work during 2012 comprised diamond drilling (8 holes for a total of 1613 m). The drilling was designed to test geological trends and follow-up on high induced polarization (IP) chargeability anomalies, identified during the summer of 2011 to the west of the historic main gold-bearing zone on the property. Four drill holes intersected zones of quartz veins hosting pyrite and arsenopyrite mineralization containing significant gold contents. The holes are located west of the known historic gold zone (originally named “Discovery Zone”). Drill hole RL-12-07, the westernmost hole ever drilled on the property, encountered a wide gold-bearing zone with elevated gold grades over shorter widths. Gold was intersected over 15 m with a grade of 1.83 g/t Au, including 9 m of 2.95 g/t Au, and also including 4 m of 6.0 g/t Au, including 3 m of 7.4 g/t Au. The highest individual sample within the newly named “South-Side zone” was 1 m of 11.1 g/t Au. Gold mineralization is associated with a pyrite-quartz-calcite vein zone in sheared metasedimentary host rocks (AurCrest Gold Inc., news release, April 30, 2012).

GOLD CANYON RESOURCES INC.–SPRINGPOLE GOLD PROJECT Gold Canyon Resources Inc. has an extensive land package in the eastern Birch Lake area, including the Springpole Gold Project and the Horseshoe Island Project. Exploration activities in 2012 concentrated on a diamond drilling program in the Springpole Lake project area. A total of 87 diamond drill holes, totalling 38 069 m, were drilled, with as many as 6 drill rigs being used (Arseneau and Nowak 2012).

As described by Lichtblau et al. (2012), diamond drilling and surface geological mapping at the Springpole Gold Project has identified multiple zones of gold mineralization. The Portage Zone at Springpole Lake is a large gold- and silver-bearing system hosted in part in a polyphase alkalic porphyry intrusive complex. Mineralization in the East Extension, Camp and Main zones consists of high-grade veins and pods hosted in diatreme breccias that surround the northwestern and northern margins of the Portage Zone. Assay results from the 2012 diamond drilling were released in the revised NI 43-101-compliant technical report. As part of a Preliminary Economic Assessment (due for release in 2013) extensive metallurgical testing was carried out by SGS Lakefield. Five samples were taken from individual holes, twinned to earlier drill holes from 2010 and 2011. Three were from the Portage zone (two sulphide-rich samples and one oxide-rich sample) and one from each of the East Pit and Camp/Main zones. Work included comminution, flotation and leaching tests on the core samples. Environmental investigations were also started. The company is also working on permitting a road corridor from existing logging roads to the Springpole site. In October 2012, Gold Canyon Resources Inc. formally initiated an environmental assessment study for an access road to the Springpole Gold Project. The access road would facilitate on-going exploration and future potential development of the project. Baseline technical studies to collect information required to complete an environmental assessment and approvals were initiated in 2010, and are continuing by independent, qualified consultants with participation of personnel from local First Nation communities (Gold Canyon Resources Inc., news release November 14, 2012).

The Company has evaluated its land holdings at the Springpole Gold Project and is initiating a phased approach to bring strategic mining claims to lease. The Company has submitted a System Impact Assessment application to the Independent Electricity Systems Operator, which is the first step towards securing a connection to the Hydro One grid and an allotment of electricity for the Springpole Gold Project (Gold Canyon Resources Inc., November 14, 2012). The revised resource estimate from Arseneau and Nowak (2012) is shown below:

Category Quantity (Mt) Grade Contained Metal (g/t Au) (g/t Ag) (M oz Au ) (M oz Ag)

Indicated 128.2 1.07 5.7 4.41 23.8 Inferred 25.7 0.83 3.2 0.69M 2.7

25 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Table 6. Metal production other than gold in the Red Lake District to December 31, 2012.

(1) Ore Milled Production Mine Years of Production (Short Tons) Metal Quantity Grade Berens River 1939–1948 560 607 Silver 5 796 177 oz 10.34 opt Lead 6 105 872 lbs(2) Zinc 1 797 091 lbs (2, 3) South Bay 1971–1980 1 637 948 Silver 2 876 878 oz 1.76 opt(5) Zinc 158 079 tons(4) Copper 22 604 tons(4) Griffith 1968–1986 Iron 22 850 000 tons pellets 66.7% (pellets) 82 031 500 tons ore(6) 30% (ore)(6) Notes: 1) Production figures taken from the Mineral Deposit Inventory (MDI). Abbreviations: lbs = pounds; opt = ounces per ton; oz = ounce(s). 2) Several different total production figures are found in different sources due to information restrictions during World War II; these figures are from Shklanka (1969). 3) Zinc was only produced in 1942–1945. 4) Zinc and copper concentrate. 5) Average grade over mine life. 6) Estimated from pellet production.

Northern Greenstone Belts

In the Red Lake District, the northern greenstone belts include those metavolcanic belts formed on rifted continental crust of the North Caribou terrane (McInnes Lake, North Spirit Lake, Setting Net Lake, Favourable Lake, Sandy Lake, Muskrat Dam Lake, Sachigo Lake, Lingman Lake belts), and belts within the Stull–Oxford terrane that formed as products of juvenile ocean floor–arc volcanism (Stull Lake, Ellard Lake belts) (Sanborn-Barrie et al. 2005). Several companies hold claims in the northern terranes, either individually or in joint-venture agreements; information on current activity is summarized in Table 5. The lack of all-weather roads, infrastructure and logistical difficulties have always made the northern belts less-attractive than the Red Lake and Birch–Uchi greenstone belts. In spite of this, some companies have ongoing exploration programs in this area. Golden Share Mining Corp. is still evaluating the past-producing Berens River Mine and released a NI 43-101 compliant report on the property. While precious metals are the primary target in the northern greenstone belts, rare metal–bearing pegmatites, base metals, molybdenum, uranium and iron have all been identified here. Houston Lake Mining Inc. continued work on their Pakeagama Lake pegmatite and acquired several adjacent pegmatite occurrences.

Even though some areas of the northern greenstone belts are under exploration and/or mining moratoria from one or more First Nation communities, work continues on several projects under agreements with individual communities. RESIDENT GEOLOGIST STAFF AND ACTIVITIES

In 2012, staff of the Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office comprised Andreas Lichtblau, P. Geo., Regional Resident Geologist; Carmen Storey, P. Geo., District Geologist; and Andrew Cooke, District Geological Assistant. Andrew Cooke worked on a training and development assignment in the Thunder Bay Resident Geologist Office from January to April and started a special project on mineral deposit information packages until he left the position September 21st. Tracy Jeffries worked as acting District Geological Assistant from August 13 to the end of the year. Anna McKee continued as MDI Data Entry Technician until May 3rd. Michelle Sidor did a 10-week Summer Experience Program placement in June, July and August.

During the year, staff of the Resident Geologist’s office made 31 visits to active and inactive mineral properties, core shacks and research sites and gave 7 field trips (totalling in excess of 75 participants) in the Red Lake District, including the field trip associated with the CIM (Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum) Red Lake Branch Exploration Roundup. Field and office activities focussed on delivering high-quality services, data and expertise to the exploration and mining sector, First Nations, municipalities, and provincial and federal agencies. C.C. Storey, A.F. Lichtblau and A. Cooke organized the very well-attended Annual CIM Red Lake Branch Exploration Roundup and Field Trip in June in Red Lake, which included talks by industry representatives and the Mining Act Modernization team. A field trip to see stripped outcrops on the South Austin Zone at Claude

26 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Resources Madsen Mine property was held in the afternoon. There were 67 people at the morning session and 27 for the field trip. The MDI Data Entry Technician created 45 new MDI points, updated 217 others and deleted 5 entries.

Three field trips were organized in the Red Lake District for industry representatives, academics and students in 2012. C.C. Storey continued sampling granitoid rocks to determine their rare earth and rare metal exploration potential.

A.F. Lichtblau attended the Boreal Prospectors Association meeting in Sioux Lookout in February, the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada (PDAC) Convention in March, the Resident Geologist Program meeting in Sudbury in May, the Institute on Lake Superior Geology meeting in Thunder Bay in May and the Manitoba Mines and Minerals Symposium in Winnipeg in November. He continued to be actively involved in the Red Lake Branch of CIM as membership chair.

C.C. Storey attended the Northwestern Ontario Mines and Minerals Symposium in Thunder Bay in April, the Resident Geologist Program meeting in Sudbury in May, the Institute on Lake Superior Geology meeting in Thunder Bay in May and the Ontario Exploration and Geoscience Symposium in Sudbury in November. He continued to be actively involved in Red Lake Branch of CIM and was re-elected as Technical Program Chair for the current year.

A. Cooke attended the Northwestern Ontario Mines and Minerals Symposium in Thunder Bay in April, the Resident Geologist Program meeting in Sudbury in May and the Institute on Lake Superior Geology meeting in Thunder Bay in May. A.F. Lichtblau and C.C. Storey attended the Kenora District Exploration Information session in Dryden in August. Drill Core Storage Site

The remote diamond drill core storage compound is located 6 km south of Red Lake, on Highway 105. The compound is operated as a self-serve facility by the Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office. The Kenora Drill Core Library houses an additional 14 529.9 m of diamond drill core from the Red Lake District.

In 2012, the remote drill core facility had 6 users. The natural gas pipeline construction restricted access to the site at various times over the late summer and fall. Industry visits usually extend over several days, involving examining, re- logging and sampling core that would be otherwise unavailable. Goldcorp Red Lake Gold Mines exploration personnel carried out a major sampling program on the core collection in conjunction with their regional exploration program.

Diamond drill core from the Tri Origin Exploration Ltd. Red Lake Extension (RLX) and Sky Lake properties was donated to the remote core facility this year (Table 7). The Sky Lake property is southwest of Pickle Lake in the Thunder Bay North Resident Geologist District. There is additional diamond drill core from industry projects stored at the site but not yet incorporated in the collection and not included in the table. The core lengths listed in Table 7 are the total lengths of core submitted rather than the total length of the holes.

Table 7. Drill core stored at the Red Lake Resident Geologist Program remote drill core compound.

Company Property Township/Area Length (m) Ansil Resources Ltd. Baird Tp. Baird Township 177.9 Ansil Resources Ltd. Willans Tp. Willans Township 351 Ansil Resources Ltd. Ranger Lake Ranger Township 245 Asarco Exploration Co. of Canada Ltd. Skinner, Goodall Skinner and Goodall townships 444.0 Barrick Gold Corp. Hasaga Mine Heyson Township 2889.8 Barrick Gold Corp. Red Lake Gold Shore Mine Dome Township 106.7 Barrick Gold Corp. Red Lake Gold Shore Mine Dome Township 257.6 Belmont Resources Inc./ Walsh Lake Bateman Township 474.0 International Montoro Resources Inc. Belmont Resources Inc./ Shaver Lake Bateman and Shaver townships 882.2 International Montoro Resources Inc. Canadian Industrial Minerals Corp. Bouzan Lake Heyson Township 2029.2

27 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Company Property Township/Area Length (m) CANMET Howey and Howey-Hasaga Heyson Township 1027.2 Hasaga Mine Hazards Drilling Central Geophysics Ltd. Conifer Lake Complex Sumach Lake Area 170.8 Cross Lake Minerals Ltd. Gerry Lake Gerry Lake Area 981.0 Cypress Development Corp./ McKenzie Island Dome Township 3059.9 Skyharbour Resources Ltd. Cypress Development Corp./ McKenzie Island Dome Township 2081.8 Skyharbour Resources Ltd. East West Resource Corp. Bouzan Lake Heyson Township 1489.5 Freewest Resources Ltd. McQuaig Property Dome Township 993.1 Hemlo Gold Mines Ltd. Miles Red Lake Todd Township 369.3 ITL Capital Corp./Rupert Resources Ltd. Durham-McEwen Balmer Township 1682.5 Lac Properties Ltd. Hasaga Mine: Time-Domain Heyson Township 33.7 Reflectometry (TDR) cables installed in the Crown Pillar Loydex Resources Inc. Bug River Heyson Township 190 Mutual Resources Ltd. Dixie Lake Dixie Lake Area 499.3 Noramco Explorations Inc. Various Ball, Balmer, Byshe, Dome, Fairlie, 31 268.6 Goodall , Honeywell, McDonough, Ranger,Skinner, Todd tps.; Shabumeni Lake Area Noranda Exploration Company Ltd. Selco Dixie Joint Venture South of Otter Lake and Karas Lake areas 1638.2 Pure Gold Resources Inc. McKenzie Island Dome Township 1762.4 Rio Algom Exploration Co. Ltd. Fly Lake Mitchell Township 731.0 **Skyharbour Resources Ltd. Heyson Heyson and Byshe townships 2018.2 **Skyharbour Resources Ltd. Heyson Heyson and Byshe townships 731.0 **Skyharbour Resources Ltd./ Sidace Lake Property Sobeski Lake Area 2215.7 Consolidated Abaddon Resources Inc. **Skyharbour Resources Ltd./ Black Bear Property Black Bear Lake Area 694.9 Consolidated Abaddon Resources Inc. Solitaire Minerals Corp./Ashburton Chukuni Property Byshe Township 391.3 Ventures Inc. Teck Exploration Ltd. Howey Mine Heyson Township 7255.5 Tri Origin Exploration Ltd. RLX Property Willans Township 686.5 Tri Origin Exploration Ltd. RLX Property Willans Township 120.0 Tri Origin Exploration Ltd. RLX Property South of Otter Lake Area 32.3 Tri Origin Exploration Ltd. RLX Property Willans Township 837.0 *Tri Origin Exploration Ltd. RLX Property Willans Township 828.5 *Tri Origin Exploration Ltd. Sky Lake Property Matapesatakun Bay Area 1180.0 United Reef Petroleums Limited Aiken-Russett Baird Township 8154.0 Western Pacific Energy Corp. Swain Lake Goodall Township 1936.2 TOTAL 84841.8 *2012 submission; **length is total length of hole including overburden

PROPERTY EXAMINATIONS

Table 8 lists the property visits conducted by staff in 2012 in the Red Lake District. Locations, keyed to the property letters, are shown in Figures 7 and 8.

28 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Table 8. Property visits conducted by the Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist and staff in 2012 (keyed to Figures 4, 7, 8 and 9). Letters in brackets refer to visits to core logging facilities in Red Lake.

Letter Property Location See Figure A Lingman Lake Mine Lingman Lake area 4 B Grandview Res. IP site Dome Tp. 7 (C) Sabina Gold and Silver Corp. Heyson Tp. Newman Madsen property (D) Mega Precious Metals Inc. North Madsen Property Heyson Tp. E Rubicon Minerals Corporation Phoenix Project underground Bateman Tp. 7 F Gullrock Waste Disposal Site South of Byshe Area 7 G L. Herbert, Power line claims Heyson Tp. 7 H Bear Head Lake Uranium Setting Net Lake 4 I Rocky Road Be pegmatite (Jubilee Lk.) Birkett Tp. 8 J Durham Occurrence Bateman Tp. 7 K Williamson 43 Km showing Shabu Lake 8 L Corless Quartz quarry Corless Tp. 8 M Corless Sulphide Corless Tp. 8 N Windfall Rd. Cordierite Gould Lake Area 9 O East Bay geological reconnaissance Bateman Tp. 7 P Abino Mine Bateman Tp. 7 Q Longlegged Lake granitoid reconnaissance Rainfall Lake Area 9 R Laurentian Goldfields Gold Pines North Dixie Lake Area 8 S Griffith Mine Bruce Lake Area 8 T West Red Lake Mine Todd Tp. 7 U L. Herbert, Hwy. 105 showing Heyson Tp. 7 V Medicine Stone Lake granitoid rocks Medicine Stone Lake area 7 W L. Herbert, Gun Club Claims Heyson Tp. 7 X Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. Gold Pines South Westleg 3 Cabin Bay Area 9 Y Upper Medicine Stone Island Medicine Stone Lake area 7 Z Northern Iron Griffith Mine dewatering Bruce Lake Area 8 AA L. Herbert Dixie property Dixie Lake Area 8 (BB) Crown Gold McKenzie Island Property Dome Tp. CC L. Herbert, Hwy. 105 Pipeline showing Heyson Tp. 7 Cliff Lake Amphibolite Cliff Lake Area (Kenora District) Butler Granite Quarry Bradshaw Tp. (Kenora District)

Bear Head Lake Uranium Occurrence (A. Lichtblau)

Uranium exploration was undertaken in the 1950s through early 1970s on showings between Favourable and North Spirit lakes and at Hornby Lake (Resident Geologist’s Files Red Lake District, Red Lake (OGS 2013a)). Exploration ceased in the early 1980s after the discovery of high-grade deposits in Saskatchewan and Australia which caused the price of uranium to drop significantly. Staking and exploration work recommenced in 2006 when Shoreham Resources Ltd. and Gold Canyon Resources Inc. acquired a significant land package between Borland and Setting Net lakes.

29 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

The most recent work was performed by Shoreham Resources Ltd. (name changed to Guyana Frontier Mining Corp.) who completed prospecting and scintillometer surveys (Renaudat and Bending 2007), an airborne radiometric and magnetic survey (Barrie 2008), an airborne versatile time-domain electromagnetic (VTEM) survey (Geotech 2010), MMI sampling and a spectrometer survey (Smith 2010a), and soil geochemistry, spectrometer and rock sampling (Smith 2010b) surveys. Currently (January 2013), M. Desmeules and 2232097 Ontario Ltd. jointly hold 8 claims between Bear Head Lake and Favourable Lake. Resident Geologist Program staff visited uranium showings on the southern shore of Bear Head Lake, in the Setting Net Lake claim map area, in June 2012. This area was open Crown land at that time. The Bear Head Lake area lies within the core of the North Caribou Terrane (Stott et al. 2011) approximately 210 km north of Red Lake. Uranium occurrences have been found along a strike length of approximately 40 km, from Favourable Lake to near Pakeagama Lake (Robertson 1982). The area was mapped by Hurst (1930), Ayres (1970) and Stone, Fogal and Fitzsimon (1993). Stone (1998) also included this area in a compilation study of the Berens River terrane. Following a federal-provincial airborne radiometric survey (OGS–GSC 1978) a ground investigation of these and other uranium occurrences was done by Bond and Breaks (1978). The Bear Head Lake uranium occurrences trend at 160° for a strike length of approximately 8 km, parallel to the regional structural grain. They are parallel to, and approximately 1 km southwest of, the Bear Head Lake fault (Figure 11). The fault is a major southeast-trending regional structure that has been traced in excess of 150 km, from Manitoba in the west through Borland, Favourable, Bear Head and North Spirit lakes areas to the southeast (Stone 1998).

The most significant uranium values are associated with pegmatite-bearing zones near the contact of biotite-granodiorite gneiss (marginal phase of the Bear Head Lake batholith) to the south and a migmatite/biotite-hornblende trondhjemite/pegmatite complex to the north (MDI53C13SE00061). Primary uranium-bearing minerals are uranothorite and possibly uraninite. Sphene, ilmenite, pyrite and pyrrhotite are also found in association with uranium mineralization. Surface oxidation has produced a yellow uranophane coating on uranium-bearing rocks (Photo 3).

Photo 3. Sample from Bear Head Lake uranium occurrence.Yellow uranophane as a weathering product (mineral identification by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, Geoscience Laboratories, Sudbury) on coarse-grained, potassic biotite-granite.

30 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Bond and Breaks (1978) noted that smoky grey quartz pods, the presence of magnetite and syenitic intrusive phases are commonly associated with uranium-bearing zones. They suggested that mineralization is related to proximity to the Bear Head Lake fault and proximity to a metasedimentary (i.e. migmatite) rock unit. The partially melted metasedimentary rocks are the inferred source of the uranium.

The Bear Head Lake occurrence was most recently drilled by Kerr-Addison Mines Limited in 1977 with 66 holes to a depth of 500 feet. Robertson and Gould (1983) reported a non-NI 43-101 compliant resource of 978 810 tons averaging 0.06% U3O8 to a depth of approximately 500 feet. Additional data on the deposit are lacking.

Along the 8 km strike length of occurrences, historic diamond drilling and trenching reveal that a uranium- anomalous zone would be subvertical, on the order of 100 to 400 m long and 10 m wide. Depth extent was not tested below approximately 150 m. Individual assays were up to 0.20% U3O8 (Resident Geologist’s Files, Red Lake District, Red Lake).

A representative sample (#2012-AL-02; Resident Geologist's Files, Red Lake District, Red Lake) of uranophane- bearing, potassic biotite-bearing granite from the surface exposure of the Bear Head Lake occurrence returned >1620 ppm U (equivalent to approximately >0.19% U3O8; see Table 11a, b, c.; Photo 3). Grades greater than the Elliot Lake camp’s historical production of 0.1% U3O8 occur over significant widths in numerous occurrences along the 8 km trend. Smith (2010a) believed that, “the anomalous trends of coincident rock, MMI and spectrometer anomalies can be extrapolated to cover significant strike potential and as such follow-up drilling is warranted.”

Figure 11. Generalized geology map Bear Head Lake area. Bear Head Lake is located in the southeastern corner; Favourable Lake is in the northwestern corner of the map. Claim outlines current to 2010 (Smith 2010a,b). Legend: pink-granitoid; orange- two-mica granite; mauve-tonalite to granodiorite; all other colours-mafic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks and metasedimentary rocks; stippling-Bear Head Lake fault (after Smith 2010b and Stone, Fogal and Fitzsimon 1993).

31 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Granitoid Rock Reconnaissance Sampling (C. Storey) This work is the continuation of reconnaissance sampling of granitoid rocks for their rare earth and rare metal potential that was started in 2010. The work was directed at areas of granitoid rocks that have been reported to have some of the characteristics of rare metal pegmatites and areas of granitoid rocks that meet some of the physical criteria for peralkaline rocks or contain reported uranium or thorium mineralization. The range of work was expanded over the 2010 sampling (Lichtblau et al. 2011) to include rare element pegmatites as well as rare earth- bearing granitoid rocks. Table 9 lists sample locations and lithologies (all locations are NAD 83). Property name refers to Table 8 in Lichtblau et al. (2012) for the 2011 series samples and Table 8 (this volume) for the 2012 series samples. Tables 10 and 11a, b, c list major element, trace element and rare earth element analyses. As in the 2010 sampling program (Lichtblau et al. 2011), the analytical results were not processed statistically to determine anomaly levels. In Table 11c, rare earth values in excess of crustal abundance are indicated in bold type.

The major element chemistry of the parent granitoid body and resulting pegmatites is significant in determining what, if any, rare metal or rare earth exploration potential exists. Rare metal-bearing pegmatites form from peraluminous granites while rare earth-bearing pegmatites are associated with peralkaline granites. The affinity of a rock sample is determined by the A/CNK ratio. This is a molecular ratio of Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O) calculated from the bulk whole rock analysis. A/CNK = (wt % Al2O3 in sample/101.96128)/((wt % CaO in sample/56.08) + (wt % Na2O in sample/61.979) + (wt % K2O in sample/94.197)) (Breaks, Selway and Tindle 2003). Rare element (i.e. lithium, beryllium, tantalum)-bearing pegmatites are associated with peraluminous granitoid rocks where A/CNK > 1; while rare earth-bearing pegmatites are associated with peralkaline granitoid rocks where A/CNK< 1. Data examined by Lichtblau et al. (2011) indicated that most granitoid rocks in northwestern Ontario have A/CNK between 0.9 and 1.1; this range is arbitrarily referred to as ’normal’ for this survey. Breaks, Selway and Tindle (2003) indicated that A/CNK > 1.2 as strongly peraluminous.

Rare earth deposits associated with, or hosted by, peralkaline granitoid rocks are described by Richardson and Birkett (1996). The known magmatic deposits occur in ovoid to elongate bodies from less than one square kilometre to several tens of square kilometres that are the final intrusive stages of multi-phase batholith complexes, indicating that fractionation of the parent granitoid magma is an important factor in deposit creation. When reported, the age of Canadian and world deposits is Proterozoic or younger. The only production of rare earth minerals from this deposit type was from the Lovozero Complex in Russia (Castor and Hedrick 2006). Richardson and Birkett (1996) indicated that a high Rb/Sr ratio is indicative of peralkaline rocks associated with rare earth deposits. The trace element results have been subdivided into 3 tables with Table 11c listing rare earth elements only with an indication of which exceed crustal abundances and Table 11a and b, the remaining trace elements including the rare metals and related elements (Be, Cs, Ga, Li, Nb, Rb, Sn and Ta). The higher the concentration of rare-element contents in a bulk analysis, the higher the degree of fractionation and the higher the economic potential of the pegmatite (Breaks, Selway and Tindle 2003). Average upper continental crust values for Be (3 ppm), Cs (3.7 ppm), Ga (17 ppm), Li (20 ppm), Nb (25 ppm), Rb (112 ppm), Sn (5.5 ppm) and Ta (2.2) used by Breaks, Selway and Tindle (2003) are from Taylor and McLennan (1985). These values are indicated in the trace element table. A lithium value of 100 ppm or greater is taken as a significant value.

The analyses in Table 10 indicate a much higher number of peraluminous samples than peralkaline samples, and is a result of sampling more areas reported to have rare metal potential than rare earth potential. Samples 2011CS009 and 2011CS010 are not granitoid rocks. They are both biotite-quartz-feldspar rock mapped as migmatitic metasedimentary rock inclusions in large granitoid intrusive bodies (Breaks, Bond, McWilliams, Gower et al. 1975c). The Oak Lake and several of the Windfall Road granitoid samples are mildly peraluminous. Two of the Oak Lake samples (009 and 010) show enrichment in Cu, Ni, Cr and to a lesser extent Co and Zn. The highest base metal value is 524.9 ppm Cu from sample 010. The Windfall Road area contains abundant white pegmatite dikes hosted in biotite-quartz-feldspar migmatitic rock and white granite. One sample (2011CS014) is elevated in light rare earth elementsand has a total rare earth concentrationof 259.455 ppm. The rest of the trace elements are at background levels. The Gould road sampling covered part of a reported small pink granitoid body. A sample (2011CS025) of pink pegmatite is peralkaline and contains higher than crustal abundance light rare earths particularly cerium and neodymium and has a total rare earth content of 213.247 ppm. A white pegmatite sample from a dike cutting the pink granite has an A/CNK ratio that puts it at the low end of strongly peraluminous. Samples 2011CS026 and 027 are from a very rusty weathering migmatitic rock exposure on Highway 105. Both samples are peraluminous with the pegmatite sample (027) the stronger of the two. Concentrations of rare earth or trace elements is not particularly high.

32 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

The northern margin of the Killala–Baird Batholith is exposed on the north shore of Red Lake near the entrance to Wolf Bay. Samples 2011CS045A and B from this area are both peralkaline but are not elevated in rare earth or other trace elements. Samples 2012CS01 to 003 are from the Gullrock Waste Disposal Site on Highway 105 south of Red Lake. Major elements A/CNK are ‘normal’. Sample 2012CS002 is elevated in lithium (117.8 ppm), cesium (19.368 ppm) and zirconium (327 ppm) and rare earth elements (221.7 ppm total, with cerium the highest at 107.33 ppm). The area is underlain by massive pink granite cut by pink pegmatite dikes and carrying amphibolitized mafic xenoliths.

Samples 2012CS014 to 018 (Rocky Road) are white muscovite-bearing pegmatite and pegmatitic granite from part of the Allison Lake Batholith north of Jubilee Lake, an area known to host rare metal pegmatites (Breaks, Selway and Tindle 2003). Four of the samples are peraluminous, one of them (017) strongly. None of the samples contain elevated rare earth elements but two (2012CS015 and 016 contain elevated lithium (113.7 and 200 ppm), 016 also contains 84.85 ppm Cs. Three samples (014, 015 and 016) have high Rb/Sr ratios.

Sample 2012CS023 is from the south part of the Mainprize batholith in the Shabu Lake claim map area north of Skinner Township and is peralkaline but is not elevated in rare earth or other trace elements. The Wenasaga Road samples are all peraluminous (029 strongly) white pegmatite and pegmatitic granite. Europium is slightly above crustal abundance but the rest of the rare earth and trace elements are at background level. Pink granitic rock forms abundant shoreline exposures around the upper part of Longlegged Lake. Three samples analysed are ‘normal’ granite with only background trace and rare earth elements.

Samples 2012CS041 to 046 came from granitoid and migmatitic rocks explored by Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. on their Gold Pines South property. Samples 2012CS041 to 044 were taken from the Westleg 3 stripped area and 045 and 046 from sites on the Longlegged Road and a side road north of the Longlegged Road respectively. The rocks exposed in the Westleg 3 stripped area are white migmatitic metasedimentary rock and pegmatite. All the samples from the Westleg 3 area show light rare earths above crustal abundance with total rare earths ranging from 158.9 to 198.16 ppm. Major element analysis shows the rocks are strongly peraluminous. The other trace elements are at background level but Li at 40.8 to 66.2 ppm is a high background. Sample 045 and 046 are ‘normal’ granite with only background rare earth and trace elements.

Samples 2012AL002 to 004 were taken from the Bear Head Lake Uranium occurrence (see Bear Head Lake Uranium occurrence, this volume). Trace element analyses and rare earth element analyses are in Tables 11a, b and c. Sample 2012AL003 has the highest total rare earth elements (NB not the sample with visible uranothane). The light rare earth elements are more abundant in these samples but further sampling is required to evaluate rare earth element exploration potential.

As a general observation, the rare element pegmatites and associated granitoid rocks are predominantly white, with white potassium feldspar and colourless to grey quartz. Rare earth bearing granitoid rocks and pegmatites are often pink but can be any colour. The sampling was biased toward the rare metal pegmatites and associated granitoid rocks so the preponderance of peraluminous over peralkaline samples is understandable. The peralkaline samples, however, were pink; even the Mainprize Batholith sample (2012CS023), while described as light grey, did have a pinkish tint. A high Rb/Sr ratio (see Table 11b) did not seem to be associated with peralkaline samples. Several samples from the Rocky Road area have high Rb/Sr and are strongly peraluminous. The Longlegged Lake samples also show high Rb/Sr. The Nb/Ta ratio indicates substitution in the oxide minerals. Breaks, Selway and Tindle (2003) indicated that rare metal pegmatites with a low Nb/Ta have a greater economic potential, although there can be a significant range in Nb/Ta for a given pegmatite. The samples from known rare metal pegmatite areas (Rocky Road and Wenasaga Road) have a much lower Nb/Ta that those from ‘barren’ pegmatites. The crustal average Nb/Ta is 11.4 (Taylor and McLennan 1985) and for this study, ratios lower than this correlate with known rare metal potential and areas of pegmatitic rock that have some of the features of rare metal pegmatites. There are not enough peralkaline granitoid samples to make any conclusion about Nb/Ta in those rocks.

This work and the 2010 sampling indicate that light rare earth elements are more prevalent than heavy rare earth elements in the sampled rocks. Similar results were found in the Upper Medicine Stone Lake Island rare earth sampling (see “Upper Medicine Stone Lake Island”, this volume). As an exploration target, peralkaline granitoid rocks are a largely unknown. Only a few of the sampled granitoid rocks are actually peralkaline and there is only a limited granitoid geochemistry database. Further examination of granitoid rocks and their related mineralization are warranted.

33 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Table 9. Sample locations and lithology for granitoid rock reconnaissance samples.

Sample Location Property Description 2011CS009 461318mE, Oak Lake biotitic metasedimentary rock 5589285mN 2011CS010 461318mE, Oak Lake rusty-weathering metasedimentary rock 5589285mN 2011CS011 461149mE, Oak Lake massive pink granitoid 5589446mN 2011CS012 461146mE, Oak Lake pink granitoid 5589995mN 2011CS013 482009mE, Windfall Road white biotite pegmatite 5596473mN Pegmatite 2011CS014 476531mE, Windfall Road foliated white biotite granite with minor pegmatite dikes 5597588mN Pegmatite 2011CS015 476494mE, Windfall Road massive white to pale pink pegmatite 5597553mN Pegmatite 2011CS016 476146mE, Windfall Road white biotite pegmatite in foliated migmatite 5597595mN Pegmatite 2011CS017 475682mE, Windfall Road white biotite pegmatite 559673mN Pegmatite 2011CS018 470791mE, Windfall Road rusty-weathering white pegmatite with quartz segregations 5600959mN Pegmatite 2011CS019 470829mE, Windfall Road white biotite quartz-feldspar pegmatite 5600966MN Pegmatite 2011CS020 471353mE, Gould Road pink to red biotite granite 5597546mN 2011CS021 471412mE, Gould Road Rare Earth white biotite-quartz-feldspar pegmatite 5596791mN Pegmatite 2011CS022 471126mE, Gould Road Rare Earth pink-red biotite granite similar to 2011CS020 5596240mN Pegmatite 2011CS023 470998mE, Gould Road Rare Earth white pegmatite 5596512mN Pegmatite 2011CS024 471428mE, Gould Road Rare Earth massive fine-grained pink-red granite 5597533mN Pegmatite 2011CS025 471428mE, Gould Road Rare Earth pink pegmatite cutting the granite in sample 2011CS024 5597533mN Pegmatite 2011CS026 488980mE, Highway 105 Rusty rusty-weathering fine-grained biotite-quartz-feldspar rock 5596699mN Zone with abundant garnet and migmatitic pegmatite 2011CS027 488979mE, Highway 105 Rusty white pegmatitic phase 5596658mN Zone 2011CS044 423642mE, Wolf Bay pink pegmatite dike near contact of granitic rocks and 563063mN Reconnaissance (Red metavolcanic rocks Lake) 2011CS045A 424660mE, Wolf Bay pink-grey granitoid rock 5653466mN Reconnaissance (Red Lake) 2011CS045B 424660mE, Wolf Bay pink pegmatite dike cutting the rock sampled in 5653466mN Reconnaissance (Red 2011CS045A Lake) 2012CS001 453125mE, Gullrock Waste massive pink granite 5638707mN Disposal Site 2012CS002A 453205mE, Gullrock Waste pink pegmatite dike cutting granite from Sample 2012CS002

34 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Sample Location Property Description 5638638mN Disposal Site 2012CS002 453205mE, Gullrock Waste massive pink granite with uniform colour 5638638mN Disposal Site 2012CS003 453154mE, Gullrock Waste pink granite dike cutting metavolcanic xenolith 5638648mN Disposal Site 2012CS014 542204mE, Rocky Road Beryl white pegmatite hosted in metasedimentary rock 5654907mN 2012CS015 543299mE, Rocky Road Beryl white muscovite-quartz-feldspar pegmatite with tourmaline 5654834mN 2012CS016 543216mE, Rocky Road Beryl white pegmatitic granite 654924mN 2012CS017 543855mE, Rocky Road Beryl white muscovite-bearing pegmatite 5654637mN 2012CS018 546562mE, Rocky Road Beryl white pegmatite hosted in white biotite granite 5653391mN 2012CS023 511618mE, Mainprize Batholith massive light grey granite 568789mN 2012CS026 489199mE, Wenasaga Road white pegmatite hosted in biotite diatexite 5615629mN 2012CS027 489310mE, Wenasaga Road white biotite-muscovite pegmatite 5614165mN 2012CS028 495704mE, Wenasaga Road white pegmatite 5615499mN 2012CS029 496475mE, Wenasaga Road white coarse to pegmatitic biotite granite 5615811mN 2012CS031 416788mE, Longlegged Lake massive pink granite 5628988mN 2012CS032 413946mE, Longlegged Lake gneissic pink granite with pink pegmatite veins 567071mN 2012CS033 412756mE, Longlegged Lake massive pink granite 5626403mN 2012CS041 445451mE, Laurentian Goldfields migmatitic metasedimentary rock 5613842mN Ltd. Gold Pines South Westleg 3 2012CS042 445465mE, Laurentian Goldfields migmatitic metasedimentary rock 5613785mN Ltd. Gold Pines South Westleg 3 2012CS043 445465mE, Laurentian Goldfields white pegmatite from lit-par-lit migmatitic rock 5613794mN Ltd. Gold Pines South Westleg 3 2012CS044 445464mE, Laurentian Goldfields rusty-weathering migmatite with abundant white pegmatite 5613790mN Ltd. Gold Pines South Westleg 3 2012CS045 448353mE, Laurentian Goldfields massive white granite with rusty-weathering layers 5612465mN Ltd. Gold Pines South Longlegged Road 2012CS046 449782mE, Laurentian Goldfields massive white granite 5616803mN Ltd. Gold Pines South Longlegged Road area 2012AL002 449491mE, Bear Head Lake coarse pink biotite granite with uranium mineralization 5848164mN Uranium Occurrence (sample from exploration trench)

35 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Sample Location Property Description 2012AL003 452073mE, Bear Head Lake medium-grained pink biotite-hornblende granite 5848918mN Uranium Occurrence 2012AL004 451253mE, Bear Head Lake medium-grained pink biotite granite; slightly foliated 5846325mN Uranium Occurrence

Table 10. Major element analyses for granitoid rock reconnaissance samples

Oxide Al2O3 CaO Fe2O3 K2O LOI MgO MnO Na2O P2O5 SiO2 TiO2 Total A/CNK Units wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% D.L. 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2011CS009 15.35 12.16 12.96 0.52 0.68 5.51 0.28 1.79 0.08 49.95 0.93 100.21 2011CS010 11.55 9.54 18.21 0.4 1.22 4.41 0.53 1.1 0.08 52.7 0.71 100.45 2011CS011 13.28 0.72 0.85 4.58 0.48 0.02 0.01 3.64 0.02 76.41 0.04 100.05 1.084 2011CS012 10.31 1.07 1.55 3.23 0.57 0.33 0.03 2.32 0.04 81.23 0.14 100.82 1.114 2011CS013 15.02 2.05 0.67 1.09 0.79 0.22 0.02 5 0.13 75.33 <0.01 100.33 1.144 2011CS014 14.52 1.09 2.7 5.76 0.83 0.77 0.02 2.86 0.22 70.48 0.37 99.61 1.124 2011CS015 14.43 1.35 0.65 4.1 0.92 0.3 0.02 3.38 0.2 74.7 0.01 100.04 1.159 2011CS016 13.89 0.44 0.48 7.54 0.71 0.1 0.01 1.85 0.18 74.27 0.02 99.49 1.157 2011CS017 13.68 2.42 0.06 1.1 0.44 <0.01 <0.01 5.03 0.13 73.5 <0.01 96.33 0.987 2011CS018 13.6 0.45 0.67 7.85 0.64 0.15 0.01 1.65 0.09 73.86 0.03 99 1.131 2011CS019 19.84 3.29 1.9 3.06 0.82 0.72 0.02 5.97 0.08 62.99 0.21 98.9 1.038 2011CS020 15.96 1.89 1.09 3.75 0.45 0.4 0.02 5.12 0.08 70.81 0.16 99.73 1.003 2011CS021 19.54 0.25 0.42 10.13 1.42 0.14 0.01 2.73 0.14 65.14 <0.01 99.92 1.228 2011CS022 14.47 0.95 0.43 5.44 0.67 0.08 <0.01 3.57 0.13 74.88 0.02 100.65 1.073 2011CS023 13.17 0.76 0.12 6.15 0.4 <0.01 <0.01 2.71 0.11 77.47 0.01 100.85 1.054 2011CS024 15.33 1.79 0.98 3.56 0.47 0.33 0.02 5.1 0.16 71.55 0.12 99.4 0.989 2011CS025 17.27 3.32 1.19 5.78 0.57 0.62 0.03 4.99 1.56 64.51 0.19 100.02 0.842 2011CS026 13.83 2.61 4.58 1.68 0.63 1.75 0.08 3.36 0.12 71.11 0.45 100.2 1.144 2011CS027 10.33 1.21 2.39 1.31 1.05 0.85 0.02 2.81 0.07 80.27 0.25 100.56 1.254 2011CS044 12.66 0.44 0.37 5.8 0.21 0.09 0.01 3.62 0.01 76.95 0.04 100.2 0.971 2011CS045A 15.17 4.9 0.9 0.72 0.59 1.12 0.04 5.54 0.1 71.19 0.29 100.56 0.807 2011CS045B 14.48 3.57 0.77 2.17 0.47 0.85 0.03 5.09 0.07 72.72 0.22 100.43 0.841 2012CS001 13.89 1.004 1.31 4.91 0.99 0.3 0.024 3.71 0.044 73.71 0.15 100.04 1.049 2012CS002A 13.41 0.536 0.49 5.02 0.9 0.15 0.006 3.67 0.012 75.71 0.03 99.93 1.077 2012CS002 15.46 1.696 2.52 4.51 0.64 0.83 0.036 4.15 0.188 69.57 0.42 100.02 1.045 2012CS003 13.89 1.662 1.09 2.54 0.82 0.3 0.019 4.64 0.022 74.46 0.13 99.57 1.036 2012CS014 14.7 0.159 0.65 3.7 1.01 0.08 0.189 4.69 0.156 74.4 0.01 99.74 1.224 2012CS015 14.68 0.351 0.62 2.84 1.03 0.14 0.056 5.04 0.175 75.33 0.01 100.27 1.223 2012CS016 15.26 0.278 0.62 4.94 1.04 0.08 0.099 4.18 0.201 73.52 0.01 100.23 1.199 2012CS017 14.11 0.419 0.46 2.74 1.87 0.14 0.028 2.51 0.076 77.35 0.02 99.72 1.796 2012CS018 14.67 1.243 0.93 5.32 0.87 0.33 0.017 3.39 0.104 72.93 0.08 99.88 1.079 2012CS023 15.85 5.179 6.23 2.55 1.41 2.93 0.081 3.61 0.205 60.67 0.5 99.22 0.875 2012CS026 14.88 1.822 0.25 2.86 0.85 0.11 0.006 4.25 0.136 74.38 0.01 99.55 1.110 2012CS027 14.89 1.871 0.88 2.13 0.99 0.4 0.029 4.1 0.132 74.38 0.01 99.81 1.196

36 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Oxide Al2O3 CaO Fe2O3 K2O LOI MgO MnO Na2O P2O5 SiO2 TiO2 Total A/CNK Units wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% D.L. 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2012CS028 14.54 3.013 0.67 0.7 0.95 0.36 0.011 4.13 0.094 75.61 0.04 100.12 1.116 2012CS029 15.67 0.296 1.1 6.75 1.7 0.75 0.013 2.12 0.132 71.24 <0.01 99.77 1.383 2012CS031 14.31 0.855 1.07 5.13 0.46 0.23 0.027 3.68 0.023 74.52 0.12 100.43 1.087 2012CS032 14.36 1.185 1.55 5.18 0.5 0.33 0.031 3.32 0.047 73.55 0.14 100.19 1.086 2012CS033 13.95 0.427 0.8 5.57 0.45 0.24 0.015 3.75 0.016 75.05 0.15 100.42 1.075 2012CS041 15.56 1.916 5.27 2.7 1.26 2.27 0.054 3.04 0.109 67.22 0.53 99.93 1.364 2012CS042 15.89 0.984 6.07 3.33 3.28 2.59 0.088 2.61 0.153 64.8 0.56 100.36 1.640 2012CS043 15.2 1.79 3.89 3.2 1.31 1.86 0.04 3.06 0.092 69.31 0.36 100.11 1.293 2012CS044 15.45 2.429 5.93 2.64 1.3 2.58 0.052 3.36 0.225 65.6 0.55 100.12 1.207 2012CS045 16.57 2.096 0.8 3.69 0.86 0.51 0.007 4.37 0.111 70.06 0.12 99.19 1.105 2012CS046 14.52 0.833 0.36 5.64 0.82 0.14 0.007 3.59 0.113 72.51 0.05 98.58 1.074 Analyses by Geoscience Laboratories, Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, Sudbury, Ontario; D.L. - Detection Limit; detection limit for all oxides is 0.01%; detection limit for LOI is 0.05%

Table 11a. Trace element analyses for granitoid reconnaissance samples.

Element Ba Be Bi Cd Co Cr Cs Cu Ga Hf In Li Mo Nb Ni Units ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm D.L. 0.8 0.04 0.15 0.013 0.13 3 0.013 1.4 0.04 0.14 0.0018 0.4 0.08 0.028 1.6 C.A. 3 3.7 17 20 25 2011CS009 54.2 0.38 0.19 0.13 60.61 283 0.138 140.5 15.92 1.45 0.067 15.9 0.36 2.221 151.7 2011CS010 83.1 0.58 0.17 0.194 46.47 214 0.069 524.9 12.92 1.42 0.061 13.6 0.78 2.707 105 2011CS011 139.4 0.81 <0.15 0.02 0.57 16 0.327 2.2 15.7 3.66 0.008 13 0.67 2.427 2.3 2011CS012 484.9 0.41 <0.15 0.057 3.04 33 0.919 3.3 11.8 3.14 0.016 15.9 1.03 7.944 7.3 2011CS013 173.2 4.35 0.23 0.112 0.75 22 2.301 <1.4 14.35 2.19 0.002 29.3 0.9 0.164 <1.6 2011CS014 601.8 1.05 <0.15 0.058 5.53 44 4.125 9.1 19.67 6.74 0.041 38 2.03 7.75 12.6 2011CS015 1509.5 1.68 <0.15 0.079 1.03 26 2.508 1.9 12.7 1.06 0.005 13.9 0.84 0.336 4.1 2011CS016 898.4 0.77 0.78 0.038 0.76 18 3.898 <1.4 10.82 1.48 0.007 11.7 0.63 0.465 1.8 2011CS017 79.9 0.5 0.32 0.085 0.25 36 1.068 <1.4 12.96 <0.14 0.002 10.9 1.44 0.117 2.8 2011CS018 >1740 0.17 0.19 0.015 2.24 20 4.773 5.4 10.44 1.47 0.006 14.5 0.82 1.198 2 2011CS019 771.9 0.99 0.19 0.08 4.18 17 5.061 4.9 21.31 1.81 0.018 35.9 0.48 4.292 4 2011CS020 >1740 2.44 <0.15 0.037 2.47 24 0.995 1.4 18.02 2.98 0.009 26.9 0.69 3.184 5.9 2011CS021 1259.7 1.43 <0.15 0.024 0.9 6 3.862 <1.4 14.84 1.47 0.006 4.3 0.21 0.097 2.3 2011CS022 688.3 0.88 0.21 0.045 1 27 2.551 2.7 14.03 2.68 0.005 11.6 1.03 0.721 3.7 2011CS023 1029.5 0.26 <0.15 0.03 0.32 16 2.824 <1.4 11.45 2.37 0.004 4.2 0.64 0.326 <1.6 2011CS024 1502.7 2.75 <0.15 0.027 2.59 23 1.283 2.6 17.38 3.56 0.008 16.4 0.63 2.146 6.4 2011CS025 >1740 2.19 <0.15 0.049 3.8 16 1.663 6.8 18.7 2.24 0.01 26.5 0.36 3.365 6.1 2011CS026 387.5 1.24 <0.15 0.122 13.3 148 3.482 28.9 16.45 4.07 0.033 24.9 1.68 6.184 29.9 2011CS027 197.3 0.31 <0.15 0.044 5.73 91 1.96 14.4 12.03 2.18 0.026 14 1.91 3.925 17.8 2011CS044 41.2 1.26 0.23 0.041 0.56 29 1.917 5.8 18.48 1.63 0.0022 3.1 1.11 1.751 3.3 2011CS045A 320.4 1.35 <0.15 0.039 3.76 68 0.281 5.9 15.91 2.88 0.0098 11.8 1.48 6.832 14.2 2011CS045B 743.6 1.4 <0.15 0.033 2.88 54 0.462 10.9 15.19 2.56 0.0076 10.6 1.16 5.348 11.2

37 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Element Ba Be Bi Cd Co Cr Cs Cu Ga Hf In Li Mo Nb Ni Units ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm D.L. 0.8 0.04 0.15 0.013 0.13 3 0.013 1.4 0.04 0.14 0.0018 0.4 0.08 0.028 1.6 C.A. 3 3.7 17 20 25 2012CS001 576.7 2.73 0.28 0.032 1.56 21 6.634 2.8 19.36 4.21 0.0148 18.2 1.29 14.526 2.4 2012CS002A 577.1 2.44 <0.15 0.024 0.94 19 6.338 6.5 20.3 1.38 0.0069 21.7 1.04 5.77 <1.6 2012CS002 1219 2.34 0.23 0.072 4.65 20 19.368 20.9 20.67 7.17 0.0194 117.8 0.97 17.49 6.9 2012CS003 335.4 5.76 0.95 0.023 1.87 17 13.157 7.9 21.47 3.54 0.0097 20 0.9 16.353 3 2012CS014 4 6.78 14.47 0.123 0.16 12 17.568 <1.4 22.84 1.79 0.0019 39.5 0.51 13.412 <1.6 2012CS015 4.2 4.1 0.78 0.058 0.2 13 13.709 <1.4 19.97 1.26 0.0044 113.6 0.57 11.141 <1.6 2012CS016 5.4 6.22 5.52 0.104 0.14 13 84.85 <1.4 20.04 1.17 0.0036 200 0.67 13.455 <1.6 2012CS017 70.3 3.02 4.2 0.025 0.24 12 2.572 1.6 20.95 0.29 0.0156 37.3 0.65 13.633 <1.6 2012CS018 462.4 1.75 0.23 0.025 1.92 29 6.866 3.4 17.04 0.84 0.0101 32.4 1.11 3.279 2.3 2012CS023 584.8 1.36 <0.15 0.048 14.89 63 3.004 19.9 17.06 3.27 0.0313 14.3 2.97 5.663 16.5 2012CS026 1204.6 1.15 0.31 0.095 0.42 10 1.804 <1.4 13.67 1 <0.0018 28.2 0.49 0.155 <1.6 2012CS027 618.5 3.53 0.27 0.09 1.53 8 1.042 9.2 14.58 0.88 0.0032 39.5 0.44 0.164 7.2 2012CS028 143.7 1.5 0.24 0.088 1.68 30 1.252 1.8 15.53 0.97 0.0049 9.2 1.27 1.158 6.3 2012CS029 1010.8 7.23 0.17 0.02 1.52 22 1.908 <1.4 16.73 0.44 0.0067 19.2 1.02 0.094 3.8 2012CS031 259.3 1.77 0.53 0.021 1.05 20 3.039 2.1 20.33 3.99 0.0127 24 1.06 11.322 <1.6 2012CS032 597.8 1.35 <0.15 0.022 1.86 25 2.402 2.5 17.93 4.42 0.0116 16.1 1.26 6.197 1.7 2012CS033 307.8 0.78 <0.15 0.019 1.18 31 1.633 1.8 17.09 2.91 0.0103 8 1.63 11.372 <1.6 2012CS041 651 1.66 0.62 0.118 20.26 155 7.224 41.4 19.37 3.95 0.0387 53.9 2.4 7.909 61.5 2012CS042 467.5 5.52 0.67 0.156 23.36 289 10.418 43.3 20.14 3.85 0.047 66.2 1.88 7.922 95.9 2012CS043 890.4 5.16 0.64 0.08 10.79 104 5.729 18.8 18.67 4.17 0.0304 40.8 2.45 6.55 34.5 2012CS044 353.6 0.86 0.55 0.119 20.53 149 8.004 77.8 19.99 4.3 0.0475 62.5 2.42 8.709 63.6 2012CS045 1061.8 2.35 <0.15 0.062 2.39 18 0.973 1.6 18.5 2.76 0.0085 22.6 0.74 1.346 3.4 2012CS046 743.6 0.79 <0.15 0.042 0.84 22 0.776 2.2 15.16 1.48 0.0044 13.6 0.78 1.073 5.9 2012AL002 440.9 0.29 <0.15 <0.13 1.2 18 1.68 <1.4 9.11 2.93 0.0109 24.1 >44 14.013 2.8 2012AL003 368.4 1.32 <0.15 0.05 2.25 45 4.124 5.6 19.23 5.26 0.0641 33.3 2.87 12.558 12.1 2012AL004 742.3 2.15 <0.15 0.041 2.4 10 1.906 2.8 18.46 5.2 0.0204 53.9 0.76 13.559 2.9

D.L. - Detection limit, C.A. - Crustal abundances from Taylor and McLennan, 1985

Table 11b. Trace element analyses for granitoid reconnaissance samples.

Element Pb Rb Sb Sc Sn Sr Ta Th Ti Tl U V W Zn Zr Rb/Sr Nb/Ta Units ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm D.L. 0.6 0.23 0.04 1.1 0.16 0.6 0.023 0.018 7 0.005 0.011 0.8 0.05 7 6 C.A. 5.5 2.2 11.4 2011CS009 1.6 9.42 0.08 50.6 0.8 122.4 0.182 0.22 5398 0.082 0.08 311.6 0.34 88 50 0.077 12.203 2011CS010 2.6 7.78 0.09 38.5 1.18 38.9 0.379 0.514 4029 0.07 0.565 233 1.4 86 52 0.2 7.142 2011CS011 41.9 166.38 <0.04 <1.1 0.89 42.4 0.126 24.856 272 0.874 3.59 6.3 0.38 15 82 3.924 19.262 2011CS012 29.2 103.99 <0.04 3.2 2.54 80.8 0.98 26.526 871 0.658 4.585 17.2 0.2 26 111 1.287 8.106 2011CS013 22.2 21.13 <0.04 <1.1 0.49 279.4 0.086 2.468 35 0.112 2.891 1.1 0.29 12 70 0.076 1.907 2011CS014 39.1 166.57 <0.04 5.7 2.23 163.9 0.61 42.155 2258 0.903 8.574 32.1 0.5 50 237 1.016 12.705 2011CS015 33.5 74.74 <0.04 <1.1 1.4 320.8 0.082 4.459 113 0.349 3.551 3.7 0.43 11 32 0.233 4.098 2011CS016 50 136.55 <0.04 1.1 1.57 225.5 0.146 1.999 139 0.649 2.348 3 0.72 9 44 0.606 3.185 2011CS017 23 14.88 0.77 <1.1 0.95 211.4 0.063 0.117 33 0.081 0.203 <0.8 0.52 <7 <6 0.0704 1.857 2011CS018 38.7 158.09 <0.04 1.5 0.37 387.5 0.14 6.508 337 0.747 1.091 6.5 0.62 12 47 0.408 8.557

39 2011CS019 23.6 88.19 <0.04 4.8 1.27 559 0.401 0.557 1305 0.445 0.71 14.7 0.71 42 59 0.158 10.703

2011CS020 12.6 85.92 <0.04 1.9 1.5 1050 0.19 0.298 1082 0.55 0.444 12.8 <0.05 36 112 0.082 16.758 2011CS021 38.5 270.76 <0.04 <1.1 1.01 277 <0.023 0.728 51 1.449 2.912 5 0.07 8 43 0.977 2011CS022 51.8 107.51 0.07 1.3 1.24 214.3 0.074 4.46 150 0.542 4.059 3.5 0.18 11 79 0.502 9.743 2011CS023 40.1 104.53 <0.04 <1.1 0.91 241.6 0.072 0.248 87 0.545 1.052 2.2 0.16 <7 71 0.433 4.528 2011CS024 16.7 79.65 <0.04 1.7 0.89 920.3 0.098 0.263 785 0.519 0.999 9.3 0.11 33 131 0.087 21.898 2011CS025 17.3 130.14 <0.04 2.3 1.37 1058.6 0.173 0.634 1262 0.857 1.12 12.5 0.14 46 83 0.123 19.451 2011CS026 19.6 53.11 <0.04 10.6 0.64 322.6 0.537 10.204 2720 0.474 3.441 75.3 1.14 68 158 0.165 11.516 2011CS027 11.7 43.85 <0.04 5.2 0.36 213.4 0.493 4.35 1453 0.231 1.907 47.7 0.71 32 81 0.205 7.961 2011CS044 17.2 131.97 0.18 1.5 <0.16 28.7 0.097 5.984 263 0.534 1.697 3.8 0.08 24 25 4.598 18.052 A.F. Lichtblau et al. et Lichtblau A.F. 2011CS045A 5.5 8.22 0.06 3.8 0.51 609.5 0.498 4.437 1766 0.028 1.648 17.7 0.12 21 109 0.013 13.719 2011CS045B 7.6 36.95 0.06 3.3 0.43 519.8 0.39 4.827 1339 0.136 1.694 15.2 0.09 17 88 0.071 13.713 2012CS001 20.5 263.38 0.05 2.7 1.99 150.2 1.923 35.339 860 1.584 3.376 10 0.16 22 137 1.754 7.554 2012CS002A 18.3 187.64 0.05 <1.1 0.45 281.3 1.124 8.797 196 1.101 5.872 4.7 0.15 9 21 0.667 5.133 2012CS002 21.8 218.04 0.05 3.4 1.74 453 1.673 18.891 2346 1.38 3.311 30.5 0.22 57 327 0.481 10.454

2012CS003 26.8 101.16 0.04 3.1 0.89 238.5 2.89 26.719 759 0.584 13.397 10.6 0.25 21 101 0.424 5.658

RED LAKE DISTRICT Element Pb Rb Sb Sc Sn Sr Ta Th Ti Tl U V W Zn Zr Rb/Sr Nb/Ta Units ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm D.L. 0.6 0.23 0.04 1.1 0.16 0.6 0.023 0.018 7 0.005 0.011 0.8 0.05 7 6 C.A. 5.5 2.2 11.4 2012CS014 9 377.84 <0.04 1.6 2.15 5.1 2.419 1.103 55 2.463 2.96 <0.8 1.47 30 34 74.086 5.544 2012CS015 21 204.19 0.11 1.6 1.6 10.5 2.167 0.794 82 1.332 3.35 <0.8 1.36 39 24 19.447 5.141 2012CS016 21.2 450.01 0.2 2.3 3.24 8.4 3.427 1.056 77 3.027 3.283 <0.8 1.38 27 26 53.572 3.926 — 2012 2012CS017 11.6 117.46 0.04 2.1 1.41 52.2 2.93 0.209 117 0.499 1.921 0.9 4.14 13 <6 2.250 4.653 2012CS018 31.8 150.48 0.07 2.5 1.3 330.8 0.39 2.852 501 0.881 2.522 9.5 0.35 19 24 0.455 8.408 2012CS023 7.4 82.68 0.45 14 1.51 567.3 0.467 7.629 2805 0.442 1.894 104.7 0.93 35 130 0.146 12.126 2012CS026 28 47.78 <0.04 1.1 1.39 348.1 0.041 0.274 43 0.233 0.902 1.4 0.11 <7 29 0.137 3.780 2012CS027 24.1 33.55 <0.04 2.7 0.54 261.7 0.029 0.347 43 0.175 0.61 1.3 0.08 10 27 0.128 5.655 2012CS028 18.1 12.08 <0.04 1.8 0.62 399.5 0.16 1.416 266 0.061 1.118 6.3 0.8 15 35 0.030 7.237 2012CS029 32.8 147.05 <0.04 <1.1 1.05 177.4 0.025 0.192 34 0.667 0.233 <0.8 0.22 9 14 0.829 3.76 2012CS031 18.5 186.77 <0.04 4.4 2.15 71.6 1.505 22.211 736 0.899 3.405 1.3 0.17 22 113 2.608 7.523

40 2012CS032 19.7 181.73 <0.04 3.3 1.07 156.8 0.677 34.3 917 0.952 4.307 5.8 0.14 29 154 1.159 9.154

2012CS033 12.4 200.43 0.05 3.4 1.39 81.1 1.34 29.707 932 0.904 2.133 <0.8 0.27 10 85 2.471 8.487 2012CS041 21.1 118.31 0.06 14.8 0.8 279.4 0.732 10.18 3143 0.74 3.014 93.1 0.49 74 155 0.423 10.804 2012CS042 34.5 143.62 <0.04 15.7 1.6 255.7 0.791 9.924 3158 0.894 4.056 103.3 1.78 74 147 0.562 10.015 2012CS043 25.4 103.74 <0.04 9.3 0.73 337.9 0.646 13.856 2118 0.651 3.708 57.7 0.52 60 150 0.307 10.139 2012CS044 18.9 120.5 0.05 14.6 0.96 367.2 0.79 9.444 3045 0.788 3.181 91.2 0.69 77 164 0.328 11.024 2012CS045 38.6 61.7 <0.04 1.5 0.43 605.6 0.096 9.318 640 0.338 2.115 14.8 <0.05 19 91 0.102 14.021 2012CS046 34.9 114.01 0.04 1.3 0.37 282.6 0.054 4.424 307 0.616 1.888 5.4 0.05 8 43 0.403 19.870 2012AL002 110.6 257.32 <0.04 3 0.3 100.8 0.42 73.336 1004 1.499 >1620 17.4 0.18 27 86 2.553 33.36 2012AL003 11.1 131.56 0.47 4.6 1.91 34.9 0.587 18.821 839 0.702 4.414 10.6 0.54 39 181 3.770 21.39 2012AL004 26.1 216.49 <0.04 4.2 1.97 160.9 0.537 30.565 1454 1.188 13.92 17.9 0.08 48 184 1.345 25.25 D.L. - Detection limit, C.A. - Crustal abundances from Taylor and McLennan, 1985

Table 11c. Rare earth element analyses for granitoid reconnaissance samples. Bolded values exceed the crustal abundance from Castor and Hedrick (2006).

Element Ce* Dy Er Eu* Gd Ho La* Lu Nd* Pr* Sm* Tb Tm Y Yb Total Units ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm D.L. 0.12 0.009 0.007 0.0031 0.009 0.0025 0.04 0.002 0.06 0.014 0.012 0.0023 0.0019 0.05 0.009 C.A. 64 3.5 2.3 0.88 3.8 0.8 30 0.32 26 7.1 4.5 0.64 0.33 22 2.2 2011CS009 7.86 3.633 2.341 0.814 3 0.783 2.94 0.339 6.52 1.244 2.164 0.522 0.343 21.06 2.254 55.817 2011CS010 8.3 3.139 2.104 0.641 2.56 0.679 3.22 0.326 5.95 1.23 1.947 0.459 0.318 18.96 2.134 51.967 2011CS011 37.25 3.842 2.712 0.192 3.329 0.857 17.8 0.379 14.61 4.12 3.383 0.58 0.407 25.2 2.572 117.233 2011CS012 65.09 2.788 1.76 0.455 3.005 0.574 36.56 0.286 20.98 6.425 3.547 0.46 0.274 17.26 1.885 161.349 2011CS013 15.9 0.893 0.669 0.788 0.853 0.194 8.49 0.142 5.98 1.697 1.088 0.142 0.117 6.1 0.857 43.91 2011CS014 115.99 2.54 1.009 0.669 4.974 0.399 49.67 0.107 49.03 13.399 8.909 0.549 0.127 11.34 0.743 259.455 2011CS015 25.07 1.232 0.502 0.941 1.554 0.203 13.03 0.053 10.25 2.823 1.966 0.225 0.063 5.83 0.378 64.12 2011CS016 11.31 0.869 0.581 0.714 0.852 0.185 5.87 0.094 4.49 1.27 0.917 0.139 0.091 5.67 0.614 33.666 2011CS017 4.76 0.226 0.096 0.545 0.248 0.037 2.99 0.014 1.49 0.468 0.292 0.038 0.015 1.13 0.101 12.45 2011CS018 21.4 0.363 0.116 1.076 0.812 0.054 10.8 0.016 8.52 2.354 1.293 0.085 0.015 1.38 0.098 48.382

41 2011CS019 7.69 0.284 0.173 0.718 0.309 0.057 4.64 0.031 2.47 0.771 0.401 0.047 0.027 1.72 0.19 19.528

2011CS020 15.02 0.505 0.187 0.622 0.89 0.078 8.05 0.018 7.14 1.789 1.371 0.109 0.024 2.32 0.135 38.258 2011CS021 2.2 0.333 0.208 0.314 0.318 0.07 1.39 0.025 0.92 0.252 0.275 0.053 0.03 2.44 0.185 9.013 2011CS022 22.47 0.695 0.208 0.66 1.356 0.096 11.59 0.023 8.69 2.494 1.863 0.165 0.025 2.78 0.149 53.264 2011CS023 3.57 0.124 0.09 0.66 0.142 0.026 2.31 0.027 1.11 0.343 0.2 0.022 0.018 0.82 0.152 9.614 2011CS024 15.04 0.571 0.214 0.575 1.122 0.088 7.17 0.024 7.86 1.867 1.602 0.126 0.027 2.65 0.162 39.098 2011CS025 78.67 3.588 1.247 1.139 6.992 0.529 32.19 0.093 50.44 11.4 10.339 0.786 0.15 14.87 0.814 213.247 2011CS026 60.33 2.385 1.326 1 3.035 0.459 31.01 0.19 24.34 6.746 4.092 0.409 0.194 12.58 1.271 149.367 2011CS027 28.67 0.823 0.38 0.782 1.459 0.138 14.67 0.061 11.8 3.255 2.012 0.181 0.055 3.67 0.376 68.332 2011CS044 7.42 0.085 0.06 0.0606 0.11 0.0173 6.33 0.0171 1.43 0.517 0.179 0.0146 0.0097 0.6 0.087 16.9373 2011CS045A 49.1 1.093 0.547 0.6944 1.674 0.1961 23.97 0.0779 19.19 5.497 2.85 0.2082 0.0796 5.88 0.526 111.5832 A.F. Lichtblau et al. et Lichtblau A.F. 2011CS045B 37.94 0.848 0.433 0.5569 1.307 0.1506 19.38 0.0626 14.74 4.228 2.199 0.1554 0.0636 4.43 0.405 86.8991 2012CS001 86 2.644 1.366 0.5358 3.431 0.4914 45.47 0.1959 28.19 8.79 4.911 0.4846 0.1886 14.21 1.326 198.2343 2012CS002A 7.75 0.674 0.494 0.1874 0.443 0.1495 1.72 0.0995 1.34 0.404 0.416 0.0885 0.0806 4.25 0.637 18.7335 2012CS002 107.33 2.155 1.132 1.0706 2.931 0.3953 44.69 0.1869 33.43 10.17 5.144 0.3835 0.1698 11.32 1.214 221.7221 2012CS003 25.6 4.414 3.724 0.4278 2.549 1.0714 10.16 0.7217 8.17 2.33 2.148 0.5501 0.5886 33.35 4.583 100.3876

RED LAKE DISTRICT Element Ce* Dy Er Eu* Gd Ho La* Lu Nd* Pr* Sm* Tb Tm Y Yb Total Units ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm D.L. 0.12 0.009 0.007 0.0031 0.009 0.0025 0.04 0.002 0.06 0.014 0.012 0.0023 0.0019 0.05 0.009 C.A. 64 3.5 2.3 0.88 3.8 0.8 30 0.32 26 7.1 4.5 0.64 0.33 22 2.2 2012CS014 1.52 0.462 0.269 0.0658 0.487 0.08 0.58 0.0894 1.08 0.228 0.474 0.0747 0.0574 3.52 0.584 9.5713 2012CS015 1.8 0.6 0.343 0.0217 0.315 0.1034 0.92 0.0972 0.65 0.199 0.306 0.084 0.0723 3.98 0.695 10.1866 2012CS016 2.38 0.569 0.482 0.0184 0.266 0.1227 1.28 0.1754 0.72 0.252 0.272 0.0698 0.1098 4.47 1.101 12.2881 — 2012 2012CS017 1.1 0.13 0.091 0.1335 0.08 0.0408 0.7 0.0256 0.32 0.109 0.079 0.0296 0.0203 1.02 0.169 4.0478 2012CS018 22.83 1.154 0.642 0.5103 1.033 0.2302 11.12 0.0845 8.31 2.45 1.429 0.1822 0.0891 6.92 0.614 57.5983 2012CS023 43.87 2.644 1.538 1.026 3.07 0.5186 21.97 0.2281 18.76 5.103 3.716 0.4427 0.2124 14.09 1.494 118.6828 2012CS026 3.26 0.15 0.1 1.1956 0.119 0.0294 2.28 0.0181 0.88 0.297 0.16 0.021 0.0138 0.81 0.113 9.4469 2012CS027 6.42 0.301 0.223 0.8987 0.271 0.0645 4.06 0.0451 1.97 0.642 0.382 0.0449 0.0362 1.79 0.299 17.4474 2012CS028 14.81 0.496 0.238 1.2279 0.648 0.0884 8.47 0.0242 5.58 1.63 0.954 0.0875 0.0308 2.39 0.194 36.8688 2012CS029 2.44 0.076 0.048 0.6076 0.096 0.0146 1.75 0.0087 0.74 0.236 0.145 0.0136 0.0065 0.4 0.055 6.637 2012CS031 30.86 1.784 1.074 0.3359 1.839 0.3537 13.73 0.1749 11.26 3.322 2.454 0.2871 0.173 10.58 1.139 79.3666

42 2012CS032 45.75 1.375 0.848 0.5106 1.775 0.2712 21.25 0.1461 15.69 4.653 2.47 0.2445 0.1306 8.43 0.874 104.418

2012CS033 15.25 1.044 0.65 0.352 1.307 0.2089 6.92 0.0947 5.58 1.658 1.405 0.1894 0.0912 6.52 0.612 41.8822 2012CS041 66.75 2.656 1.395 1.208 3.523 0.4887 34.9 0.19 27.54 7.568 4.651 0.4797 0.1956 13.69 1.251 166.486 2012CS042 82.77 2.727 1.301 1.2115 4.099 0.4783 41.14 0.1744 34.22 9.408 5.764 0.5167 0.1769 13.04 1.142 198.1688 2012CS043 66.89 2.101 0.67 1.0333 3.785 0.3138 33.55 0.0632 28.46 7.839 5.201 0.4493 0.0726 8.13 0.419 158.9772 2012CS044 66.46 2.684 1.294 1.1435 3.749 0.4753 33.27 0.1615 29.39 7.928 5.093 0.4864 0.1748 13.25 1.075 166.6345 2012CS045 41.37 0.581 0.116 1.1053 1.758 0.0623 22.64 0.0106 15.89 4.564 2.726 0.1744 0.0105 1.67 0.064 92.7421 2012CS046 18.02 0.971 0.358 0.6995 1.539 0.1525 9.28 0.033 7.85 2.1 1.735 0.2039 0.042 4.22 0.233 47.4369 2012AL002 1.66 0.616 0.434 0.3666 0.496 0.1325 0.8 0.0668 1.34 0.254 0.504 0.0858 0.0595 3.3 0.425 10.5402 2012AL003 102.93 5.575 2.898 0.3775 6.217 1.0299 47.92 0.3673 40.66 11.223 7.795 0.9338 0.4014 25.99 2.488 256.8459 2012AL004 77.54 1.626 0.834 0.564 2.409 0.2947 40.3 0.1252 26.53 8.148 4.006 0.3101 0.1197 9.24 0.798 179.8447 Analyses by Geoscience Laboratories, Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, Sudbury, Ontario; Light rare earth elements are indicated with an asterisk (Ce*); D.L. - Detection Limit; C.A. - Crustal Abundances from Castor and Hedrick 2006

A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Upper Medicine Stone Lake Island (C. Storey)

Upper Medicine Stone Lake is a narrow, arcuate west-southwest-trending lake located south of the Red Lake Greenstone Belt (Figure 12). The area is underlain primarily by granitoid rocks with narrow metavolcanic remnants. The area has received little mapping or exploration activity. Upper Medicine Stone Lake has been mapped by Atkinson (1995, 1996 and 1999) and the western tip of the lake was mapped by Breaks et al. (1975b). Geological compilation maps by Breaks, Bond, Westerman et al. (1978) and Thurston and Bartlett (1981) include the Medicine Stone Lake area. The entire Medicine Stone–Upper Medicine Stone Lakes area was incorporated in a lake sediment geochemical survey by Dyer and Hamilton (2007). This survey sampled both lake sediment and lake water. There were 6 sample sites in Upper Medicine Stone Lake with analytical results for 5 lake sediment samples. Total rare earth elements (REE; Dy+Gd+Lu+Nd+Sm+Yb), range from 82 to 118 ppm. The proportional dot maps for lake sediment that accompany Dyer and Hamilton (2007) show clusters of dots on Upper Medicine Stone Lake, indicating elemental content greater than 98th percentile for dysprosium, gadolinium, molybdenum, neodymium and ytterbium.

The bedrock exposed at Upper Medicine Stone Lake is dominantly pink to grey biotite tonalite to granodiorite with small, isolated, rounded masses of amphibolite (hornblendite and pyroxenite). These small masses of amphibolite have been interpreted as remnants of melted mafic to ultramafic supracrustal rocks (Atkinson 1996). A narrow unit of unsubdivided mafic metavolcanic rocks is exposed along the northern side of the lake towards its western end and may underlie the centre of the lake. The quartz-carbonate material exposed on the island (the deposit) was first identified by Atkinson (1996).

The island that contains the deposit is located on the southern arm of the Medicine Stone antiform (Atkinson, 1999). Pink, fine- to medium-grained granitoid rocks are exposed on the northern shore of the lake and underlie the northern part of the island (Figure 12a). The quartz-carbonate material is described by Atkinson (1996) as, “fine- grained purple fluorite with pyrite in silicified zone on west side of island, Upper Medicine Stone Lake”. The host rock is granodiorite. The quartz-carbonate material is exposed in a series of low outcrops near the waterline. There is no exposure inland on the island or on the mainland. The contact between this material and the granodiorite is not exposed. The rock is light mauve to grey in colour on the fresh surface, 1 to 5 mm in grain size, with discrete blebs of clear quartz, 4 to 8mm in size. The largest proportion of the rock is a mixture of quartz and 10 to 50% calcite. Within this are small, subround mafic minerals and very minor biotite. Dark purple fluorite is present in small amounts. In part, the rock contains rounded fragment-like masses of siliceous material of unknown origin, containing fine, disseminated pyrite. Rare pyrite crystals are found in the quartz–carbonate material. The rock is cut by narrow pink granitic veins. The weathered surface is very rough due to the complete removal of calcite to as much as 3 cm depth. The rock has a granular texture that could be the result of recrystallization. Photographs of polished samples illustrating these features are in Photos 4a and 4b.

In addition to those rocks examined on the island, granitoid rocks were examined along the road that passes between Upper Medicine Stone and Medicine Stone lakes. The exposed bedrock comprises pink granitoid rock with amphibolite-grade metavolcanic xenoliths (Atkinson 1999). Samples were taken of the granitoid rocks, in particular pegmatitic phases. Locations and descriptions are given in Table 12.

Table 12. Sample locations, Upper Medicine Stone and Medicine Stone lakes area.

Sample UTM Description 2012CS034A 427275mE, 5640845mN light pink pegmatitic granitoid 2012CS034B 427275mE, 5640845mN pink granitoid 2012CS036 428106mE, 5641219mN pink pegmatitic granitoid dike cutting amphibolite 2012CS037 428534mE, 5641484mN pink fine-grained granitoid 2012CS047 425887mE, 5639294mN pink fine-grained granitoid 2012CS048A 425886mE, 5639290mN carbonate-rich material 2012CS048B 425886mE, 5639290mN pegmatitic material that cuts the carbonate 2012CS049 426608mE, 5638911mN black amphibolite cut by pink granitoid veins

43 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Major and trace element analyses are in Tables 13, 14 , 15a and 15b. The granitoid rocks analysed range from ‘normal’ i.e., A/CNK between 0.9 and 1.1 to peralkaline (see “Granitoid Rock Reconnaissance”, this volume, for calculation method and significance factor). The most strongly peralkaline sample is 2012CS034B, a pink granitoid (mapped as granodiorite) which is probably correlative with the host rock of the carbonate-quartz rock exposed on the island. The two carbonate-rich samples show large variations in quartz and calcite content, as well as in SiO2 and CaO. Trace element contents are generally low, with the exception of barium in the quartz-carbonate rock, its host granitoid and a sample of pegmatitic granitoid (2012CS034A) from northwest of the island. Strontium is above the analytical upper limit in both the quartz-carbonate samples.

The total rare earth content is higher in the quartz-carbonate rock (2012CS048A) than in the granitoid rocks and is higher than that of any sample in Table 11c and the granitoid rock analyses published in Lichtblau et al. (2011). The results in Table 14 are compared to crustal abundance values, with any that exceed crustal abundance in bold type. In Table 14, light rare earth elements are more prevalent than the heavy rare earth elements. Cerium has the highest concentration with 174.86 ppm in sample 2012CS048A which is predominantly quartz-carbonate material. This sample also has the highest total rare earth element content. Barron (1996) analysed samples of the carbonatite material from the Springpole Lake alkalic complex. The rare earth element concentration ranges from his results are shown in Table 14. Most of the Medicine Stone Lake results for the quartz-carbonate rock fall in the same range except cerium, lanthanum and neodymium, which were much higher in a few of the Springpole Lake samples.

The quartz-carbonate rock exposed on the island does not resemble any of the gold- and base metal-bearing quartz- carbonate veins that form the bulk of the recorded mineral deposits in the Red Lake camp. The contact relationships and extent of the body are not exposed. A bathymetric contour map of Upper Medicine Stone Lake produced by the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR 1973) in the 1970’s shows a triangular shallow area <10 feet (3.05 m) along the shore, which includes the island (Figure 12b). The water deepens quickly to over 100 feet (30.4 m) off the southern tip of the island. The origin and economic potential of this rock body is unknown. It may represent a form of alkalic intrusive body or it may be the result of metamorphism and recrystallization of some type of quartz- carbonate vein xenolith in the granodiorite. Further examination of the Upper Medicine Stone Lake area may help to clarify the nature and origin of this enigmatic unit.

Table 13. Major element analyses for Medicine Stone Lake Island samples

Oxide Al2O3 CaO Fe2O3 K2O LOI MgO MnO Na2O P2O5 SiO2 TiO2 Total A/CNK Units wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% wt% D.L. 0.02 0.006 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.002 0.02 0.002 0.04 0.01

2012CS034A 15.42 1.096 0.87 2.95 0.73 0.24 0.007 5.75 0.031 73.02 0.1 100.21 1.053 2012CS034B 15 4.586 5.18 2.07 0.93 3.88 0.089 5.34 0.259 61.89 0.5 99.72 0.775 2012CS036 12.83 0.513 0.67 4.95 0.68 0.09 0.011 3.76 0.005 76.37 0.05 99.93 1.028 2012CS037 13.99 1.516 1.39 4.99 0.93 0.35 0.017 3.87 0.063 72.57 0.22 99.91 0.963 2012CS047 16.29 1.714 1.73 5.35 0.75 0.65 0.037 5.67 0.078 67.21 0.18 99.66 0.893 2012CS048A 2.32 23.685 0.96 0.94 18.97 0.55 0.098 0.66 0.078 51.27 0.04 99.57 2012CS048B 7.93 6.333 1.68 2.42 4.41 0.84 0.062 2.75 0.053 72.9 0.16 99.54 2012CS049 9.77 10.494 6.76 1.81 1.58 8.65 0.135 2.96 0.182 57.48 0.38 100.2 Analyses by Geoscience Laboratories, Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, Sudbury, Ontario; D.L. - Detection Limit; detection limit for all oxides is 0.01%; detection limit for LOI is 0.05%

Table 14. Rare earth element analyses, Medicine Stone Lake Island samples.

Element Ce* Dy Er Eu* Gd Ho La* Lu Nd* Pr* Sm* Tb Tm Y Yb Total Units ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm REE D.L. 0.12 0.009 0.007 0.0031 0.009 0.0025 0.04 0.002 0.06 0.014 0.012 0.0023 0.0019 0.05 0.009 C.A. 64 3.5 2.3 0.88 3.8 0.8 30 0.32 26 7.1 4.5 0.64 0.33 22 2.2 Barron (1996) 110 - 0.5 - 0.3 - 0.8 - 79 - 26 - 0.8 - 9 5 - 39 0.3 - 2100 2.6 2.4 4.4 1400 420 1.2

2012CS034A 19.49 1.06 0.544 0.455 1.356 0.1961 9.86 0.0726 7.95 2.236 1.601 0.1875 0.0758 5.93 0.507 51.521 2012CS034B 72.19 2.041 0.946 1.4055 3.469 0.3489 34.89 0.1284 32.82 8.609 5.314 0.4074 0.1313 9.87 0.876 173.4465 2012CS036 14.75 2.336 1.775 0.2736 1.698 0.497 3.27 0.3879 4.1 1.002 1.545 0.3327 0.3117 13.75 2.42 224.9675 2012CS037 61.5 1.224 0.672 0.574 1.555 0.2295 27.15 0.0901 17.8 5.763 2.688 0.2135 0.0982 6.43 0.644 126.6313 2012CS047 60.09 1.655 0.649 1.3657 3.29 0.2533 25.7 0.0839 29.53 7.654 5.097 0.3464 0.0867 7.84 0.549 144.19 2012CS048A 174.86 2.611 1.317 2.0254 4.778 0.4604 99.76 0.1334 59.93 17.919 7.557 0.5235 0.1693 15.59 1.03 388.664 2012CS048B 86.64 1.643 0.731 1.2799 2.986 0.2742 45.5 0.0807 32.01 9.382 4.616 0.3337 0.0982 9.9 0.591 196.0657 2012CS049 39.41 2.951 1.661 1.0287 3.625 0.5589 20.86 0.2299 19.22 4.818 4.066 0.4959 0.2305 15.67 1.537 116.3619 45 Analyses by Geoscience Laboratories, Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, Sudbury, Ontario; Light rare earth elements are indicated with an asterisk (Ce*); D.L. - Detection Limit; C.A. - Crustal Abundances;

A.F. Lichtblau et al. et Lichtblau A.F.

RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Table 15a. Trace element analyses Medicine Stone Lake Island samples.

Element Ba Be Bi Cd Co Cr Cs Cu Ga Hf In Li Mo Nb Ni Units ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm D.L. 0.8 0.04 0.15 0.013 0.13 3 0.013 1.4 0.04 0.14 0.0018 0.4 0.08 0.028 1.6

2012CS034A 1044.3 1.46 0.39 0.023 1.62 25 0.804 4.9 17.66 2.47 0.0044 8.2 1.61 4.131 6 2012CS034B 483.2 1.75 0.7 0.057 18.97 205 2.648 10.7 20.38 3.15 0.051 34.8 13.99 4.333 86.8 2012CS036 44.3 2.34 0.22 0.026 1.2 26 3.38 8.4 20.32 5.31 0.006 2.7 2.57 31.691 7.3 2012CS037 953.3 1.04 0.69 0.046 1.42 33 1.175 25.1 18.44 4.44 0.0124 4.9 1.88 5.044 3.8 2012CS047 1529.3 2.36 <0.15 0.074 3.23 21 0.444 2.5 20.14 3.38 0.0133 5.9 0.65 4.182 8.7 2012CS048A 1106.4 1.11 13.88 0.483 1.96 13 0.283 1.7 3.83 1.06 0.0212 7.6 0.59 1.836 6 2012CS048B 1527.2 2.28 2.37 0.135 4.31 24 0.703 9.8 11.11 1.71 0.0212 10.6 1.13 4.881 7 2012CS049 263.1 1.8 0.59 0.107 27.35 612 0.932 29.5 14.2 2.27 0.0443 12.2 0.5 4.656 58.2 Analyses by Geoscience Laboratories, Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, Sudbury, Ontario; D.L. - Detection Limit

Table 15b. Trace element analyses Medicine Stone Lake Island samples.

Element Pb Rb Sb Sc Sn Sr Ta Th Ti Tl U V W Zn Zr Units ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm D.L. 0.6 0.23 0.04 1.1 0.16 0.6 0.023 0.018 7 0.005 0.011 0.8 0.05 7 6

2012CS034A 17.6 64.12 0.08 1.7 0.47 832 0.437 5.86 631 0.372 1.483 8.7 0.53 12 84 2012CS034B 12.2 71.23 0.11 12.8 0.94 699 0.244 6.067 2973 0.487 2.362 101.9 2.98 66 132 2012CS036 21.2 225.54 0.14 1.8 0.63 66.2 3.952 28.625 301 1.038 9.459 5.9 0.8 9 105 2012CS037 10.3 136.08 0.07 1.7 0.92 440.9 0.293 15.8 1325 0.887 1.785 23.1 1.84 12 175 2012CS047 42.3 91.68 <0.04 2.4 0.64 1489.3 0.176 2.121 1073 0.525 1.197 38.2 0.12 47 153 2012CS048A 243.1 26.26 <0.04 1.9 0.3 >1560 0.055 0.841 197 0.145 3.904 12.9 0.33 42 30 2012CS048B 44.7 67.71 0.09 3 1.1 >1560 0.262 4.388 908 0.357 2.605 27.2 0.31 57 56 2012CS049 9 78.76 0.16 32.1 0.83 374.8 0.619 6.704 2241 0.386 2.32 125.4 0.75 57 64 Analyses by Geoscience Laboratories, Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, Sudbury, Ontario; D.L. - Detection Limit

46 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Figure 12a. Upper Medicine Stone Lake Island geology and sample locations. The black triangles show sample locations. Lithologies: 5a mafic metavolcanic rocks; 6a felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks; 11a,b tonalite to granodiorite gneiss; 12a,b tonalite to granodiorite (a = biotite-bearing, b = biotite- and hornblende-bearing); 14 mafic to intermediate intrusive rocks (a = diorite to quartz diorite, s = hornblende syenite) (geology from Atkinson 1999).

Figure 12b. Upper Medicine Stone Lake Island location map and bathymetric contours. Lake bottom deepens immediately south of the island (from MNR 1973).

47 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Photo 4a. Polished sample of the quartz-carbonate rock showing the rounded siliceous masses and the deeply weathered rind.

Photo 4b. Pink granitoid pegmatite vein cutting material that is 50% calcite, with the remainder quartz and mafic minerals; NB large round to subangular, dark quartz crystals.

Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. (A. Lichtblau)

The Goldpines property is located 35 km southeast of Red Lake and comprises 176 claims (totalling 38 632 ha) straddling the contact between the Uchi and English River subprovinces. The property is accessible via Highway 105 and numerous logging roads. The property is adjacent Pakwash Provincial Park and to claims held by Northern Iron Corp., which include the past-producing Griffith iron mine.

The Goldpines property has been separated into two projects: the Goldpines North Joint Venture (GPNJV) with Kinross Gold Corp.(which holds 75%), and Goldpines South, which is 100% owned by Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. and fully funded by AngloGold Ashanti Ltd.

Laurentian Goldfields believes that the regional geological setting is similar to Goldcorp Inc.’s Roberto gold deposit on the Eléonore property in Québec, which occurs near the boundary of the northern volcanic-dominated La Grande domain and the Opinaca sedimentary basin to the south (Ravenelle, Dube, Malo et al. 2010). Gold occurrences in

48 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

the Papaonga Lake area, approximately 70 km east of the Goldpines property, along the Uchi and English River subprovince boundary (represented by the Longlegged Lake–Pakwash Lake–Sidney Lake fault system), were described by Lichtblau, Ravnaas, Storey et al. (2009) and recommended for exploration for Roberto-style mineralization on the basis of

..1) the regional association of gold mineralization with a quartz diorite stock, adjacent to the subprovince boundary; 2) the polydeformed nature of host sedimentary rocks and tuffs; and 3) the association of gold with tourmaline-arsenopyrite-sulphide veins and disseminated sulphide.”

The Goldpines area was covered in reconnaissance mapping surveys (at a scale of 1:63 360) by Breaks et al. (1975b, Breaks, Bond, Desnoyers et al. 1976). More recently, the western portion of the Goldpines property was included in 1:50 000 mapping by Thurston and Paktunc (1985) and 1:20 000 mapping by Muir (1994). The property is also included in the 1:250 000 scale compilation map of the eastern Uchi Subprovince, completed as part of the Western Superior NATMAP program, by Sanborn-Barrie, Rogers, Skulski et al. (2004). A regional high-density lake sediment and water geochemical survey was completed over the Red Lake area in 2006 (Dyer and Hamilton 2007) which included the extreme northern portions of the property. The North and South portions of the Goldpines property were visited in 2012 by staff of the Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office; lithogeochemical sampling in the southern portion was part of the “Granitoid Rock Reconnaissance” project, this volume.

The Goldpines property was staked by Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. in 2010 after a regional hydrogeochemical sampling survey by the company identified anomalous Au, As and Sb concentrations in Pakwash Lake (Resident Geologist’s Files, Red Lake District, Red Lake). The company followed up with an airborne geophysical survey (Figure 13), a program of detailed soil and rock geochemical surveys, including MMI analysis, additional lake sediment sampling, geological mapping and prospecting. In addition to the Pakwash Lake anomaly, three other targets were defined on the Goldpines North property: 1) the North Sea anomaly; 2) the Granite zone; and 3) the Kwai anomaly. Exploration work in 2010 in Goldpines South defined gold anomalies at the Granite and SLF zones.

GOLDPINES NORTH

In 2011, 9 holes, totalling 2698 m, were drilled on the most prospective target, the approximately 4 km long by 2 km wide Pakwash Lake gold-arsenic-antimony anomaly which is coincident with a linear magnetic anomaly interpreted to represent the surface trace of a major fault system (near the intersection of the Pakwash Lake and Keelson fault zones, Figure 14). Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. (Render, Mead and Lengyel 2011) confirmed that

the source of the magnetic anomaly to be a magnetite-bearing granite similar to granitic intrusions mapped within the vicinity of the Sydney Lake Fault Zone elsewhere on the property. The granite is interpreted to have intruded along the fault surface, explaining the unique linear morphology of the magnetic anomaly. Drilling also intersected a thick sequence of glacial overburden on the bottom of Pakwash Lake which averaged 80 m over the nine drill holes.

Drilling did not intersect significant mineralization or alteration in bedrock and the source the lake sediment gold anomaly remains unresolved. The thickness of glacial overburden leads the company to believe the gold was transported. Pakwash Lake is part of the Chukuni River system which ultimately flows into the English River. Inferred ice flow direction from glacial striae (Sharpe and Russell 1996) is dominantly from the east.

49 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Figure 13. Total Field Magnetics, Goldpines property (from Render, Mead and Lengyel 2010a, b). Strong response in northeastern corner reflects remaining portion of Griffith iron deposit. Strong circular anomaly in central area is interpreted to be a late, magnetic, granitic intrusive body. Black outline shows Goldpines North claim area in 2010.

Figure 14. General geology of the Goldpines property. Legend: black = iron formation; green = mafic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks; dark grey = conglomerate; medium grey = greywacke; light grey = metasedimentary rocks; red = granite; orange = diorite; pink = tonalite; yellow = granodiorite (from Render, Mead and Lengyel 2010a, b).

50 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

GOLDPINES SOUTH

During 2010, Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. completed an MMI soil sampling program which defined anomalous, elevated gold, arsenic and antimonylevels over a distance of 5 km at the Granite zone, which occurs over the inferred contact between fine-grained English River metasedimentary rocks and a late granitic stock, intruding a major east-trending fault zone. The SLF zone anomaly is defined by the combined results of soil sampling and lake sediment sampling, that returned elevated levels of gold, arsenic and antimony over a distance of 8 km, parallel and adjacent to the Sidney Lake Fault, a first-order, deep crustal zone (Stone 1981). Within the SLF zone anomaly, assays of gold-in-lake sediment ranged from 60 to 200 ppb Au. The SLF zone anomaly is underlain by schistose metasedimentary rocks of the English River subprovince (Meade 2012).

In the fall of 2011, 3 diamond drill holes, totalling 972 m, were drilled, targeting discrete geochemical and geophysical anomalies (comprising the Cabin Bay and Sidney Lake fault areas) within the 8 km SLF zone anomaly (Figure 15). The drilling failed to define a clear bedrock source for the gold and pathfinder element anomalies (Meade 2012).

Figure 15. General geology of the Goldpines property. Blue outline shows extent of Goldpines South area in 2011. Location of 2011 drilling shown by filled circles (from Meade 2012). DISCUSSION AND REGIONAL RECOMMENDATION FOR EXPLORATION

Compilation work by Sanborn-Barrie, Rogers, Skulski et al. (2004) was made in conjunction with the Western Superior Province Lithoprobe and NATMAP transects; an integral part of this multi-year, multi-disciplinary federal-

51 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

provincial project, was the completion of a seismic transect (number 2B) north to south, from the Berens River complex, through the Red Lake greenstone belt, across the Sydney Lake fault, into the English River metasedimentary belt (Zeng and Calvert 2006). The transect cuts through all the relevant rock units and structures underlying the Goldpines property.

The Sydney Lake fault trends east for approximately 250 km from first exposure below Paleozoic cover near Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba to Pakwash Lake, Ontario. It can be traced discontinuously along the Uchi–English River boundary for another 200 km east as the Lake St. Joseph fault. This brittle-ductile fault zone is up to 3 km wide and is interpreted to be subvertical to steeply south-dipping and is estimated to have a dextral transcurrent displacement of approximately 30 km and a south-side-up vertical displacement of approximately 2.5 km (Stone 1981). Based on their interpretation of seismic data, Zeng and Calvert (2006) indicated that the Sydney Lake fault, and its northern splay, the Pakwash Lake fault (Figure 14), “do not appear to extend below 6 km, and probably bound a relatively small block that lies in the hangingwall of the more northerly shear zone.”

Breaks, Bond, Desnoyers et al. (1976) mapped the east-trending continuation of the Sydney Lake fault north of the Griffith iron deposit and across the seismic transect where it is interpreted to extend to 13 km depth, dipping south beneath the fault block (Zeng and Calvert 2006). Laurentian Goldfields Ltd.’s airborne magnetometer survey (see Figure13) indicates the East Lake fault to be coincident with this easterly continuation of the Sydney Lake fault. The Pakwash Lake diorite stock occupies the position of an interpreted contractional jog (as defined by Cox, Knackstedt and Braun 2001) between the left-stepping surface trace of the Sydney Lake fault.

The Pakwash Lake diorite stock was sampled by Lichtblau, Raoul, Ravnaas et al. (2001) as part of a sanukitoid reconnaissance sampling program. Results obtained from 3 samples of the stock demonstrated a strong sanukitoid affinity. Late mantle-derived plutons (such as sanukitoids) may be spatially and temporally associated with Archean lode gold deposits (Beakhouse 2007). From its map distribution, the Pakwash Lake stock can be interpreted to be a small satellite body to the more extensive (~14 km strike extent) Bruce Lake pluton, exposed immediately east of the Griffith iron deposit, in contact with, and south of the Sydney Lake fault.

A significant feature of the airborne geophysical survey (see Figure 13) is the ellipsoidal magnetic anomaly showing a pronounced magnetic rim. Mapping by Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. found only one glacially polished outcrop exposure underlying this anomaly. It consists of K-feldspar-rich granite with significant disseminated magnetite. Based on their shapes and distribution, as imaged by the magnetometer survey, the company interprets additional smaller granitoid plutons to have intruded along the trace of the Pakwash Lake fault and subsequently been deformed by transcurrent movement on the fault zone.

It is generally believed (Poulsen 1983, 2013) that Archean lode gold deposits are related to extensive transcurrent faults (and associated subsidiary structures) and possibly to seismic pumping of fluids during faulting. Cox, Knackstedt and Braun(2001) stated:

The highest fluid flux in individual faults or shear zones is localized in sites with the highest fracture apertures and/or fracture density. Thus, both dilational and contractional bends and jogs on faults and shear zones, as well as fault termination zones . . . and fault intersections, form structural sites with high potential for localizing fluid flow.

An 80 km length along the Sydney Lake fault centered on Pakwash Lake shows evidence of critical elements believed necessary for both “typical” greenstone-hosted, and “atypical”, Roberto-style, metasedimentary rock- hosted Archean lode gold deposits:

• deep regional crustal structure • proximity to subprovince boundary • subsidiary structures (splays) • contractional jog • diorite intrusions with sanukitoid tendency • oxidized granitic intrusions.

52 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

OGS ACTIVITIES AND RESEARCH BY OTHERS

Publications received in the Red Lake Resident Geologist office during 2012 are listed in Table 16. Research activities in the Red Lake District in 2012 are listed below. There were no OGS Precambrian Geoscience Section (now Earth Resources and Geoscience Mapping Section) field activities in the Red Lake Resident Geologist District in 2012.

A. Kristyn Rodzinyak (McGill University) completed an MSc thesis titled “An Astrobiological Exploration of Mass-Dependent and Mass-Independent Sulfur Isotope Fractionation”. B. Shaun Gallagher (University of Manitoba) completed MSc research focusing on the southern end of the East Bay Trend. C. Thomas Kirton (University of Manitoba) did an undergraduate “Project” (not a thesis) on quartz-tourmaline veins in the greater Red Lake area. D. Elizabeth Stock (University of British Columbia) completed a PhD study on a regional alteration study of the eastern Red Lake Greenstone Belt, entitled “The Mineralogical, Geochemical and Isotope Characteristics of Alteration, Mineralogy and Metamorphism of the Red Lake Gold Mines, Ontario”. Table 16. Publications received by the Red Lake Resident Geologist office in 2012.

Title Author Type and Year of Publication Index to Maps, bedrock geology 1991-2011, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, index maps, east central sheet scale 1:1 000 000, 2012 Index to Maps, bedrock geology 1991-2011, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, index maps, west central sheet scale 1:1 000 000, 2012 Index to Maps, bedrock geology 1991-2011, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, index maps, northern sheet scale 1:1 000 000, 2012 Index to Maps, bedrock geology 1991-2011, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, index maps, southern sheet scale 1:1 000 000, 2012 Index to Maps, surficial geology 1991-2011, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, index maps, east central sheet scale 1:1 000 000, 2012 Index to Maps, surficial geology 1991-2011, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, index maps, west central sheet scale 1:1 000 000, 2012 Index to Maps, surficial geology 1991-2011, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, index maps, northern sheet scale 1:1 000 000, 2012 Index to Maps, surficial geology 1991-2011, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, index maps, southern sheet scale 1:1 000 000, 2012 Report of Activities 2012 (CD version) Manitoba Geological Survey Ministry of Innovation,, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, 2012 Dust Control Handbook for Industrial A.B. Cecala, A.D. O’Brien, J. Schall, J.F. Report of Investigations 9689, Department Minerals Mining and Processing Colinet, W.R. Fox, R.J. Franta, J. Joy, Wm. of Health and Human Services, Centers for R. Reed, P.W. Reeser, J.R. Rounds, M.J. Disease Control and Prevention, National Schultx Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, 2012 Mineral Commodity Summaries 2012 US Geological Survey US Geological Survey, 2012 Carbonatization at Red Lake, Ontario J. S. Allen Unpublished MA Thesis U. of Toronto, 1939 The Search for Gold Prospectors, Pilots and D. G. Brown D. G. Brown, Blackfalds Alberta, 2012 Places of the Red Lake Gold Rush Powerful Exhibit Marketing B. Siskind John Wiley & Sons Can. 2005 Report of Activities, 2011, Resident A. Lichtblau,, C. Ravnaas, C.C. Storey, J. Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologist Program, Red Lake Regional Bongfeldt, H.C. Lockwood and A.C. Wilson Report 6271, 2012 Resident Geologist Report: Red Lake and Kenora District Report of Activities, 2011, Resident G.D. White, M.C. Smyk, A. Cooke, H.C. Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologist Program, Thunder Bay North Lockwood and A.C. Wilson Report 6272, 2012 Regional Resident Geologist Report: Thunder Bay North District

53 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Title Author Type and Year of Publication Report of Activities, 2011, Resident D.A. Campbell, J.F. Scott, A. Cooke, M.R. Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologist Program, Thunder Bay South Brunelle, H.C. Lockwood and A.C. Wilson Report 6273, 2012 Regional Resident Geologist Report: Thunder Bay South District Report of Activities, 2011, Resident B.T. Atkinson, P. Bousquet, A. Pace, S. Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologist Program, Timmins Regional Burnett, S. Butorac, S. Harvey, D.M. Report 6274, 2012 Resident Geologist Report: Timmins and Draper R.L. Debicki and A.C. Wilson Sault Ste. Marie Districts Report of Activities, 2011, Resident D.L. Guindon, G.P.B. Grabowski, N. Sabiri, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologist Program, Kirkland Lake Regional A.C. Wilson, and R.L. Debicki Report 6275, 2012 Resident Geologist Report: Kirkland Lake District Report of Activities, 2011, Resident D.G. Farrow, R.M. Allemany, P.J. Sangster, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologist Program, Kirkland Lake Regional R.L. Debicki, and A.C. Wilson Report 6276, 2012 Geologist Report: Sudbury District Report of Activities, 2011, Resident P.J. Sangster, P.S. LeBaron, S.J. Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologist Program, Southern Ontario Charboneau, D.A. Laidlaw, A.C. Wilson, Report 6277, 2012 Regional Resident Geologist Report: T.R. Carter, and L. Fortner Southeastern and Southwestern Ontario Districts, Mines and Minerals Information Centre, and Petroleum Resources Centre Summary of Field Work and Other G.P. Beakhouse, R.D. Dyer, R.M. Easton, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Activities 2012 O.M. Burnham, B.R. Berger, , A.F. Bajc, S. Report 6280, 2012 Prefontaine, S.M. Hamilton, F.R. Brunton, J.R. Parker and E.J. Debicki Proceedings & Field Guides of the Institute ILSG 2012 on Lake Superior Geology (ILSG) 1955- 2011 (CD)

MINERAL DEPOSITS NOT BEING MINED

Table 17. Mineral deposits not being mined in the Red Lake District in 2012. AF ...... Assessment Files MDIR ...... Mineral Deposit Inventory record CAMH ...... Canadian and American Mines Handbook MLS ...... Mining Lands, Sudbury CMH ...... Canadian Mines Handbook MR ...... Mining Recorder GR...... Geological Report NM ...... The Northern Miner MDC ...... Mineral Deposit Circular [No.15–] OFR...... Open File Report [formerly Mineral Resources Circular, No.1-14] PC ...... Personal Communication

Deposit Name and Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates and/or Reserve Status NTS Dimensions References

Abino Au Total Granodiorite zone: drill-indicated tonnage AF (McClean 1976) Patent Bateman, Balmer and 405 162 tons 0.203 ounces of Au per ton from Dome townships three sub-zones (52N/04SW) Aiken–Russet Au Total reserves of 102 555 tons of 0.22 ounces of AF (Kuryliw 1967) Patent Baird Township Au per ton (52K/13NW) Alcourt (Copper Man, Au Reserves: potential of 20 000 tonnes of 0.45 AF (Tilsley 1981) Patent Hanson–Campbell) ounces of Au per tonne from 1959-60 diamond Fairlie Township drilling (52N/04SW) No. 1 vein: 17 000 tonnes of 0.2429 ounces of Au per tonne from 1959-60 diamond drilling and 1981 sampling program Annco Mine Au Reserves: 50 000 tons of “Excellent Grade” (0.35 Energy Mines and Patent Dome Township ounces of Au per ton?) Resources Canada (52N/04SW) (1989)

54 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Bathurst Mine Au Reserves: 80 000 tons of 0.587 ounces of Au per Energy Mines and Leased Skinner Township ton Resources Canada (52N/07SW) (1989)

Bear Head Lake Prospect U3O8 Reserves: 978 810 tons of 0.06% U3O8 to a depth MDC 25 (Robertson Staked Claim (53C/12NW) of 500 feet and Gould 1983) Berens River Mine Au, Ag, Pb, Reserves: AF (Bevan 1983) Staked Claim (Golsil, Zahavy) Zn No. 1 zone: 75 000 tons of 0.10-0.2 ounces of Au (53C/13SE) per ton 4.0-5.0 ounces of Ag per ton No. 3 zone: 713 249 tons indicated of 0.249 ounces of Au per ton, 4.83 ounces of Ag per ton, 0.67% Pb, 1.03% Zn, 268 964 tons inferred of 0.287 ounces of Au per ton, 4.73 ounces of Ag per ton, 1.05% Pb 1.37% Zn at 0.15 opt Au cut-off to 750 m level

Bluffy Lake Fe Reserves: 21 000 000 tons at 22.86% Fe Prelim. Map P.1199 Licence of (52K/14SE) (Breaks et al. 1976) Occupation Bonanza Deposit Au Inferred Resource: 2 283 000 t of 6.98 g/t Au Premier Gold Mines Patent, Staked (52N/04SW) (NI43-101-compliant) Ltd., news release, Claims February 6, 2008 Borland Lake Ag, Au Probable Reserves: 502 412 tons of 8.09 ounces Massive Resources Open (53D/16NE) of Ag per ton and 0.02 ounces of Au per ton Ltd., Preliminary Prospectus, August 6, 1987 Buffalo Red Lake Au Reserves: 421 728 tons of 0.139 ounces of Au per AF (Kita 1988) Patent Heyson Township ton drill-indicated in 1980 (52N/04SW) Cochenour–Willans Mine Au Reserves: Proven and probable 173 000 tons of NM - Dec. 12, 1994 Patent, Dome Township 0.51 ounces of Au per ton, possible reserves 274 p.7 Licence of (52N/04SW) 000 tons of 0.59 ounces of Au per ton Occupation Cole Gold Mine Au Reserves: 119 780 tons of 0.41 ounces of Au per AF (Wilton 1973) Patent, Ball Township ton probable and indicated Licence of (52M/01SE) Occupation Consolidated Marcus Au Reserves: 60 000 tons of 0.18 ounces of Au per Energy Mines and Patent Dome Township ton Resources Canada (52N/04SW) (1989) Copper Lode A–Rexdale Cu, Ag Reserves: 236 424 tons of 1.94% Cu, 1.22 ounces AF (Archibald 1970) Staked Claim Group Prospect of Ag per ton MP 152 (Atkinson, (52K/15NW) or 425 612 tons of 1.56% Cu, 0.98 ounces of Ag Parker and Storey per ton 1991) or 854 007 tons of 1.01% Cu, 0.57 ounces of Ag per ton Copper–Lode D Cu, Zn Reserves: 36 000 tons of 0.26% Cu, 7.58% Zn AF (MacDougall Leased Belanger Township 1996) (52K/15NW) Copper–Lode E Cu, Ag Reserves: 160 000 tons of 8.28% Zn, 1.02% Cu, AF (Archibald 1970) Leased Belanger Township 0.39 ounces of Ag per ton (52K/15NW) Dixie Creek Au Reserves: 417 000 tons of 0.12 ounces of Au per MDIR Staked Claim (52K/13SE) ton Dixie 3 Prospect Cu, Zn Reserves: 91 000 tons of 10.0% Zn, 1.0% Cu AF (MacDougall Leased - (52K/14NW) 1995) Mining Rights Only, Staked Claim Dixie 18 Prospect Zn Reserves: 110 000 tons of 0.5% Cu, 12.5% Zn, AF (King and Petrie Staked Claim (52K/14NW) 0.57 ounces of Ag per ton 1998)

55 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Garnet Lake Arrow Zone Zn, Cu, Ag, Indicated Resource (NI43-101-compliant) 3% Zn Carter (2007) Staked Claim (52K/15NW) Au equivalent cut-off: 2 071 000 t of 5.92% Zn, 0.75% Cu, 0.58 g/t Au, 21.1 g/t Ag, Indium average value 34.6 g/t Inferred Resource (NI43-101-compliant) 3% Zn equivalent cut-off: 120 552 t of 2.60% Zn, 0.56% Cu, 0.40 g/t Au and 18.6 g/t Ag GAZ Au Resource (NI43-101-compliant): 1 400 000 t of Wolfden Resources Staked Claims Bateman Township 8.0 g/t Au, in 5 lenses Inc., news release, (52N/04NE) February 23, 2005 Gold Eagle Mine Au Resource (NI43-101-compliant): 309 000 t at Micon International Patent (Western Discovery zone) 16.67 g/t Au (uncut) (Pressacco 2004) Dome Township (52N/04SW) Grassett Prospect Au Reserves: 78 295 tons of 0.22 ounces of Au per Energy Mines and Patent Earngey Township ton Resources Canada (52N/02SE) (Part of the Hill–Sloan–Tivy Vein) (1989) Griffith Mine Fe Reserves: 120 000 000 tons of 29% Fe GR 82 (Shklanka 1970) Staked Claims (52K/14SW) Hasaga Mine Au Reserves: GR 56 (Ferguson Patent Heyson Township C Block (below 1800 feet) - 200 203 tons of 1968) (52N/04SW) 0.192 ounces of Au per ton (Ferguson 1968) Stopes - 41 430 tons of 0.104 ounces of Au per ton Pillars - 6365 tons of 0.134 ounces of Au per ton Hill–Sloan–Tivy Au Reserves: 296 000 tons of 0.219 ounces of Au per AF (Germundson Patent Earngey Township ton 1995) (52N/02SE) (Grassett Prospect Reserves may be included in total) Horseshoe Island Au Reserves: 893 508 tons of 0.14 ounces of Au per Northwest Prospector, Staked Claim (52N/08NW) ton March/April 1990, p.27 Howey Mine Au Reserves: 780 000 tons of 0.08 ounces of Au per Energy Mines and Patent, Heyson Township ton Resources Canada Licence of (52N/04SW) (1989) Occupation Jackson–Manion Mine Au Reserves: 40 000 tons of 0.5 ounces of Au per ton NM - March 14, 1985, Patent Dent Township p.21 (52N/02SE) Joy–New zone Cu, Zn Reserves: 300 000 tons of 4% combined Cu+Zn AF (Lewis 1994) Staked Claim (Diamond Willow zone, Creek zone) (52K/14NW) Kesaka Lake Fe Reserves: 312 500 000 tons of 31.1% Fe to a MRC 11 (Shklanka Open, Staked (52K/16NW) depth of 100 feet 1968) Claim Laverty (Thrall) Au Reserves: 790 000 tons of 0.08 ounces of Au per AF (Gillies 1982) Patent Heyson Township ton (Gillies 1982) (Harron and Puritch (52N/04SW) Indicated Resource (NI 43-101): 395 000 t of 2.56 2010) g/t Au on a portion of the Laverty Dike Zone (Harron and Puritch 2010) This property is Included in the North Madsen Property Lingman Lake Au Reserves: 1 172 753 tons of 0.20 ounces of Au AF (McPhee 1989) Patent (53F/15SW) per ton in all zones at 5.0 foot minimum width and a cut-off grade of 0.08 ounces of Au per ton Madsen Mine Au Indicated Resource (NI 43-101-compliant): 3 236 Claude Resources Inc. Patent Baird Township 000 t at 8.93 g/t Au news release (52K/13NW) Inferred Resource (NI 43-101-compliant): 788 000 (December 7, 2009) t at 11.74 g/t Au May–Spiers Au Reserves: 30 000 tons of 0.09 ounces of Au per AF (Bayne 1981) Staked Claim Ball Township ton (52M/01SE)

56 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

McCombe (Root Lake) LiO2 Reserves: 2.3 million tons of 1.3% LiO2 to the MP 90 (Breaks 1979) Patent, (52J/13NE) 500-foot level Licence of Occupation McFinley Mine Au Inferred Mineral Resource: 334 007 tons in situ at AF (Hogg 2002) Patent, Bateman Township an average grade of 0.20 opt Au to a depth of 400 Licence of (52N/04SE) feet; Occupation Broken down as follows: FWC-3 zone: 3875 tons of 0.50 ounces of Au per ton C zone: 10 520 tons of 0.87 ounces of Au per ton FWC-1+2: 30 600 tons of 0.24 ounces of Au per ton C-2 zone: 128 700 tons of 0.11 ounces of Au per ton C-3 zone: 36 562 tons of 0.19 ounces of Au per ton WL zone:10 500 tons of 0.49 ounces of Au per ton 403 zone: 5000 tons of 0.80 ounces of Au per ton BX zone: 2000 tons of 0.84 ounces of Au per ton D zone: 106 250 tons of 0.15 ounces of Au per ton Resource Estimate: 890 000 tons at an in-place grade of 0.21 ounces of Au per ton to a depth of about 1700 feet Mount Jamie Au Reserves (Gordon): AF (Gordon 1988) Patent Todd Township Main zone: 47 048 tons of 0.425 ounce Au per Bevan (2010) (52M/01SE) ton No. 2 Shaft area: 25 360 tons of 0.37 ounce Au per ton Reserves (Bevan) No. ! Shaft Area: 23 920 t of 14.70 g/t Au (measured and indicated) 4100 t of 13.60 g/t Au (inferred) No. 2 Shaft Area 3582 t of 9.67 g/t Au (indicated) Central Area 7817 t of 11.79 g/t Au (inferred) East Boundary Zone 9072 t of 13.13 g/t (inferred) Surface Stockpile 1269 t of 6.86 g/t Au My-Ritt (Coin Lake) Au Unknown (52N/04SW) New Faulkenham Mines Au Reserves: 15 000 tons of $15.00 per ton ore AF (Holbrooke 1958) Patent Ltd. (Faulkenham Lake) (0.428 ounces of Au per ton at $35.00 per ounce Baird Township Au) (52K/13NW) North Spirit Lake Fe Reserves: 1.3 million tons per vertical foot of MRC 11 (Shklanka Patent, (Crown Trust) 33.94% Fe 1968) Leased (53C/07NW) GR 150 (Wood 1977)

57 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

North Madsen Au Measured Resource (NI43-101-compliant): McCracken and Patent Dome and Heyson Main Zone : 18 052 860 t of 1.26g/t Au Harder (2011) Townships Laverty Dyke – Dyke: 634 190 t of 0.80 g/t Au (53K/13NW, Laverty Dyke – Granodiorite: 951 090 t of 1.80 g/t 52N/04SW) Au Indicated Resource (NI43-101-compliant) Main Zone: 2 967 800 t of 1.08g/t Au Laverty Dyke – Dyke: 546 100 t of 0.80 g/t Au Laverty Dyke – Granodiorite: 324 000 t of 1.53 g/t Au Inferred Resource (NI43-101-compliant) Main Zone: 5 385 000 t of 1.00g/t Au Laverty Dyke – Dyke: 944 000 t of 0.88 g/t Au Laverty Dyke – Granodiorite: 324 000 t of 1.53 g/t Au Buffalo – Disseminated: 1 954 000 t of 1.08 g/t Au Buffalo – Quartz-tourmaline: 2 698 000 t of 0.97 g/t Au Northgate Prospect Au Reserves: 64 600 tons of 0.28 ounces of Au per AF (Zinn 1984) Staked Claim Earngey Township ton (52N/02SE) Ogani Lake Fe Reserves: 100 000 000 tons of 21.6% Fe MRC 11 (Shklanka Open (52K/15NE) 1968) Papaonga Lake Fe Reserves: 13 500 000 tons of 31.06% Fe MDIR Open (52K/16NE) Phoenix Project F2 Zone Au Indicated Resource (NI 43-101-compliant) : 1 028 Smith et al. (2011) Patent, Bateman Township 000 t of 14.45 g/t Au (5.0 g/t Au cut-off) Licence of (52N/04SE) 1 430 000 t of 11.63 g/t Au (4.0 g/t Au cut-off) Occupation Inferred Resource (NI 43-101-compliant): 4 230 000 t of 17.04 g/t Au (5.0 g/t Au cut-off) 5 674 000 t of 13. 83 g/t Au (4.0 g/t Au cut-off) Red Crest (Red Summit) Au Reserves: 47 439 tons of 0.269 ounces of Au per NM - March 14, 1985, Patent Todd Township ton (uncut grade) (Horwood 1945) p.21 (52M/01SE) 38 000 of 0.3 ounces of Au per ton ODM Annual Report (Horwood 1945) Redaurum Au Possible Reserves: AF (Barclay 1986) Patent Baird Township 14A zone: 243 750 tons of 0.22 ounces of Au per (52N/04SW) ton 26 250 tons of 0.20 ounces of Au per ton No. 2 zone: 137 500 tons of 0.18 ounces of Au per ton No. 3 zone: 102 500 tons of 0.18 ounces of Au per ton Camp zone: 24 750 tons of 0.13 ounces of Au per ton Richardson Au Reserves: 700 000 tons of 0.2 ounces of Au per OFR 5835 (Parker and Patent (Kostynuk Bros. Mine) ton inferred reserves Atkinson 1992) (52N/09SW) Rowan Au Reserves: 10 900 tons of $23.00 per ton ore AF (Bishop 1939) Patent Todd Township (0.657 ounces of Au per ton at $35.00 per ounce) Hy Lake Gold Inc., (52M/01SE) (Bishop 1939) news release, October 798 000 t of 4.7g/t Au (Hy Lake Gold Ltd.) 21, 2010 Sachigo River Mine Au Reserves: 6000 t of 10 g/t Au for No. 1 Vein Hawkins (2009) Patent Aljo Lake Area (53J/11SW) Sanshaw Au Reserves: 175 000 tons of 0.20 ounces of Au per NM - June 11, 1953 Patent, (Whitehorse Island) ton Licence of Dome Township Occupation (52N/04SW)

Setting Net Lake MoS2 Reserves: 100 000 000 tons of 0.09% MoS2 MDIR Open (53C/13SE) NM - March 23, 1973

58 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Sidace Lake Gold Au Indicated Resources (NI 43-101-compliant): Power-Fardy and Staked Claims Property MDZ: 1 119 500 t of 3.0 g/t Au, Breede (2009) (Coli Lake) UDZ: 247 600 t of 4.19 g/t Au (52N/05SE)

Inferred Resources (NI 43-101-compliant): MDZ 1 677 200 t of 3.01 g/t Au, UDZ 425 800 tof 4.11 g/t Au (MDZ = Main Discovery Zone, UDZ = Upper Duck Zone) Sol d’Or Au Reserves: 8565 tons of 0.57 ounces of Au per ton Energy Mines and Staked Claim Honeywell Township Resources Canada (52N/07SE) (1989) Springpole Lake Au Reserves (NI 43-101-compliant): 35 000 t of 6.27 Armstrong et al. Patent, Staked Prospect g/t Au measured, 214 000 t of 5.56 g/t Au (2006) Claims (52N/08NW) indicated, 1 353 000 t of 4.53 g/t Au inferred Starratt–Olsen Mine Au Reserves: 15 000 tons of 0.45 ounces of Au per NM - July 26, 1973 Patent Baird Township ton (52K/13NW) Trout Bay Zinc Pit zone Zn, Cu, Pb, Reserves: MP 147 (Atkinson, Patent Mulcahy Township Ag, Au West zone: 13 776 tons of 4.75% Zn, 0.68% Cu, Parker and Storey (Mining (52M/01SE) 0.94 ounces of Ag per ton 1990) Rights Only), East zone: 124 760 tons 7.86% Zn, 1.5% Cu, Preliminary Map Leased 0.24% Pb, 1.7 ounces Ag per ton, 0.007 ounce of P.567 (Riley 1969) (Mining Au per ton MDIR Rights Only, Licence of Occupation Uchi Mine Au Reserves: 214 000 tons of 0.147 ounces of Au per Energy Mines and Patent Earngey Township ton Resources Canada (52N/02SE) (1989) Wilmar Mine Au Reserves: Quoted from OFR 5558 unless OFR 5558 (Durocher, Patent Dome Township indicated otherwise: Burchell and Andrews (52N/04SW) Diorite Dike zone: 140 000 tons of 0.21 ounces of 1987) Au per ton Energy Mines and East Breccia zone: Resources Canada 31 500 tons of 0.32 ounces of Au per ton (Proven) (1989) 50 500 tons of 0.25 ounces of Au per ton (Probable) 1 777 000 tons of 0.24 ounces of Au per ton (Possible) Carbonate zone: 25 000 tons of 0.17 ounces of Au per ton (Probable) 7500 tons of 0.15 ounces of Au per ton (Possible) West Granodiorite zone: 3.15 to 4.5 million tons of 0.076 to 0.131 ounces of Au per ton (Energy Mines and Resources Canada 1989) Granodiorite zone: 5 700 000 tons of 0.10 to 0.15 ounces of Au per ton Woco Vein Au Reserves: 21 263 tons of 0.80 ounces of Au per AF (Germundson Staked Claims Earngey Township ton 1995) (52N/02SE) Young, H.G. Mines Ltd. Au Reserves: 270 000 tons of 0.31 ounces of Au per OFR 5558 (Durocher, Patent Balmer Township ton Burchell and Andrews (52N/04SW) 1987) Note: This table contains tonnage and grade estimates referred to as reserves (indicated, possible, probable), which were determined at various times by methods largely unreported. Except where noted, none of these estimates are known to conform to the standards required for National Instrument 43-101 and should be considered inferred mineral resources not reserves. Unit abbreviations used: lbs = pounds; Mt = million tonnes; opt = ounces per ton; oz = ounce(s); t = tonnes.

59 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

REGIONAL LAND USE GEOLOGIST ACTIVITIES

Land Use Planning Activities

The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist, based in Thunder Bay, co-ordinates input into land use planning activities in the Thunder Bay South, Thunder Bay North, and Red Lake–Kenora Resident Geologist districts. Hugh C. Lockwood, P.Geo., filled this position from January through June, 2012. The position was vacant from July through November, and essential job duties were shared between Gary Grabowski, P.Geo., Acting northwest Regional Land Use Geologist, Debbie Laidlaw, P.Geo., southern Regional Land Use Geologist, and Ruth Debicki, P.Geo., Land Use Policy and Planning Co-ordinator. They were supported by other staff members in the Thunder Bay Regional Office and District offices in the northwest. The position was filled in December by Ryan Tuomi.

The objectives of the position are to • effectively represent mineral-related values in the context of competing interests for land use; • optimize the land base available for mineral exploration and development; • raise awareness within the mineral sector of the implications of legislation and regulations other than the Mining Act on their activities; and • promote awareness of how geoscience serves the public good, including by – establishing base-line environmental values; – identifying sources of minerals and energy to support sustainable economic activity; and – highlighting areas where natural geological hazards and mining-related hazards pose a threat to people and property.

The competing interests for land use vary from place to place across the province, but most have the potential to restrict the availability of land, access to it, and/or the activities on it. In 2012, the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist dealt with a variety of land use planning issues throughout the Northwest Region; the following sections summarize issues, and describe the work that was done.

CROWN LANDS

The Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) engages with the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) when Crown land use planning activities have the potential to impact Provincial mineral interests. These activities include Forest Management Planning, energy and other major infrastructure projects, Far North land use planning, proposed parks, and various other initiatives related to Crown land use.

Forest Management Planning

The forest management planning process involves consideration of a wide range of values including mineral values in the context of forestry activities, and the relevance of legislation other than the Crown Forest Sustainability Act, including the Mining Act. The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist normally provides input into the development of forest management plans, including • the distribution of areas of high mineral potential, so that forestry planners are aware of areas where there may be pressures from the mineral sector for access for exploration; • the locations of existing mining claims and leases, so that exploration workings such as grid lines are not inadvertently damaged or destroyed by forestry activities; • information regarding current exploration and development activities in the area; • the location of mining-related hazards, so that forestry workers are not put at risk; and • the socio-economic impact of mineral exploration and mining in the forest management unit, so that its importance can be considered in the context of other sectors such as tourism that may be active within the forest management unit.

Formal comments and mineral values maps were provided for the English River forest management unit in 2012.

60 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

The data provided included past mineral production; known mineral resources; the locations of mining land tenure and mining-related hazards; and a discussion of current exploration activity and trends.

Approved Forest Management Plans, with detailed information about annual operations including plans for creating new access routes or decommissioning existing routes, and maps showing forest access roads are posted on the MNR website at www.appefmp.mnr.gov.on.ca/eFMP/home.do?language=en.

Far North Land Use Planning

Providing geoscience advice in support of the community-based land use planning initiatives of First Nation communities in the Far North remains a priority in the Northwest Region. In 2012, the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist, together with other Resident Geologist Program staff members, continued to work with MNR staff on Far North land use planning initiatives.

In 2012, new mineral values mapping and mineral industry activity information was provided for several communities currently in the land use planning process, including Wawakapewin First Nation, Mishkeegogamang First Nation, Eabametoong First Nation, and Kasabonika First Nation. Presentations on MNDM’s role in community-based land use planning were also given to the Wawakapewin First Nation land use planning committee and to a meeting with Chiefs and land use planning staff from Windigo Tribal Council member communities.

Withdrawal Orders

Other work related to Crown land use in the Northwest Region included reviews of 9 applications for withdrawal of lands from staking under Section 35 of the Mining Act. Some applications were for surface rights only; some were for mining rights only; and some were for both surface and mining rights. The requests were done for a wide range of reasons, including • the expansion of a sawmill site; • the management of private land in the MNR Stewardship program; • support for First Nation land claim/treaty entitlement negotiations; and • facilitating Ministry of Transportation review of aggregate potential in support of highway maintenance.

Reviews by the Regional Land Use Geologist ensured that mineral potential, mineral industry activity, and mining- related hazards are identified and considered before decisions were made.

Comments, guidance and recommendations were provided for 2 aggregate extraction proposals throughout northwestern Ontario.

MUNICIPAL AND PRIVATE LANDS

The Provincial Policy Statement (PPS), which guides planning in municipalities and on private land outside of municipalities in Ontario, is issued under the provisions of the Planning Act. The PPS was last modified in 2005. A compulsory five-year review of the PPS was initiated in 2010 to ensure that it is up to date and meets current environmental standards, ensures human health and safety, and protects Ontario’s cultural and natural heritage. The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist’s assistance with the PPS review in 2012 included reviewing 10 existing Official Plans and commenting on how well they comply with the requirements of the Provincial Policy Statement. This work is helping to guide the revision of the Provincial Policy Statement.

The MNDM supports municipal and private land use planning directly through the One-Window Planning Service led by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing. When requested, the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist provides input into, and reviews, draft Official Plans, Official Plan Amendments, draft plans of subdivision and consent (severance) applications to ensure that Provincial mineral interests are appropriately considered in the planning process. MNDM input includes • providing data with regard to mineral potential, mining claims and leases, exploration and mining activity and mining-related hazards to planning authorities, planning consultants and MMAH in support of new

61 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

municipal Official Plans, Official Plan Amendments, Zoning By-laws, and Consents (lot severances); • reviewing land use policies proposed in municipal planning documents and providing comments on those policies to MMAH “One-Window” planners for consolidation with feedback from other ministries; and • supporting the development of municipal policies and guidelines, and working to enhance the availability of data to support wise planning decisions.

In 2012, reviews, comments, mineral values mapping and other input as required were provided for Official Plans and Official Plan Amendments for the municipalities of Rainy River, Emo, LaVallee, Chapple, Atikokan, Machin, Nipigon, Thunder Bay, Sioux Lookout, Pickle Lake, Marathon, Dawson, Red Lake and Lake of the Woods. In addition, pre-consultations and reviews were provided in conjunction with 13 subdivision and consent applications.

Exemptions from Mining Tax

Section 189 (1) of the Mining Act now allows for owners of patented mining rights to apply for exemption from paying mining tax on the land. Key factors that are considered when applications are reviewed are whether or not the lands are being used for mining-related purposes, and whether or not there would be third party interest in using the lands for mining-related purposes (e.g., the surrounding lands are staked and being explored or the sites in question have provincially significant mineral potential).

Comments and recommendations were made for 47 applications for exemption from mining taxes under Section 189 of the Mining Act. The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist recommended against granting 23 of these applications on grounds that the properties in question have high mineral potential.

FIRST NATIONS

In addition to doing work related to Far North land use planning, the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist reviewed the mineral potential of lands planned for transfer to Canada on behalf of the Red Rock and Mishkeegogamang First Nations in fulfillment of land claim agreements. Other Activities

The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist also undertook other related work in 2012, as outlined below.

CLASS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS

Class Environmental Assessments (Class EAs) are documents that set out streamlined environmental assessment processes. They apply to routine projects that have predictable and manageable environmental effects. There are currently 11 Class EAs in effect in Ontario, with regard to initiatives including the development of new infrastructure such as dams, transmission lines, pipelines, highway corridors, commuter rail stations and bus terminals, and sewer and water facilities; the establishment of new parks and conservation reserves; forest management plans; and Crown land dispositions.

The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist worked with staff of the MNR and other ministries to ensure that mineral values and mineral industry interests were identified and accommodated early in the planning process of projects subject to Class EAs. Infrastructure proponents commonly require considerable assistance to understand the various mineral industry interests that might be affected by their projects, and how mining land tenure may restrict their development plans.

Guidance regarding claimholders’ interests, exploration activity, mining activity, mineral potential, and mining- related hazards was provided for 1 Class Environmental Assessment review in 2012 in northwestern Ontario for a project that will provide a major power-line corridor to serve the communities of Pickle Lake, Slate Falls First Nation, Cat Lake First Nation and Mishkeegogamang First Nation, as well as Goldcorp’s Musselwhite Mine.

62 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL REGISTRY

The Environmental Registry is an on-line resource that contains public notices about environmental matters being proposed by all Ontario government ministries covered by the Environmental Bill of Rights. The public notices contain information about proposals including new acts, regulations, policies and programs; plans to change or eliminate existing ones; and plans to issue permits for a wide range of activities across Ontario.

The northwest Regional Land Use Geologist monitored the Environmental Registry and distributed a monthly summary of postings of interest to MNDM staff. FIRST NATIONS MINERALS INFORMATION OFFICER— NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO

P. Moses continued to serve as First Nations Minerals Information Officer for northwestern Ontario. The role of the First Nations Minerals Information Officer is to promote understanding and a co-operative working relationship between government, Aboriginal communities and mineral sector stakeholders in Ontario through the provision of outreach, information and training programs. Programs include technical information regarding the mining sequence, claim staking, basic prospecting, and mineral exploration practices and techniques, delivered through information sessions, field trips and presentations at schools, career fairs and trade shows; some of these activities are listed in Table 18.

P. Moses also provided guidance and initial support to S.E. Halet, who joined the Ontario Geological Survey Resident Geologist Program in mid-April 2012 as First Nations Minerals Information Officer for Northeastern Ontario, based in Sudbury.

Table 18. Northwestern Ontario First Nations Minerals Information Officer activities conducted in 2012.

Community District Date Activity Eabametoong First Nation Thunder Bay North April 30–May 4 Prospecting Course Kasabonika Lake First Nation Thunder Bay North September 10–14 Prospecting Course Pic Mobert First Nation Thunder Bay South October 5–9 Prospecting Course Onigiming First Nation Kenora April 16–20 Prospecting Course Lac Seul First Nation Kenora August 6–7 School Presentation to Youth Grassy Narrows First Nation Kenora October 22–26 Prospecting Course Wabigoon Lake Ojibway First Nation Kenora December 17 Line-cutting Seminar Bearskin Lake First Nation Red Lake July 10–16 Prospecting Course Bearskin Lake First Nation Red Lake July 12 School Presentation at High School Conferences, Field Trips Osisko Hammond Reef Gold Project Thunder Bay South September 26 Field Trip Winston Lake and Manitouwadge volcanogenic massive Thunder Bay South October 1–2 Field Trip sulphide (VMS) deposits Northwestern Ontario Mines and Minerals Symposium, April 2–4 Thunder Bay Kenora District Exploration Information Session and August 8–9 Treasury Metals field trip, Dryden Canadian Aboriginal Minerals Association, Toronto November 18–20

63 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

MINERAL DEPOSIT COMPILATION GEOLOGIST—NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO

The Mineral Deposit Compilation Geologists (MDCG) investigate and document mineral deposits and occurrences across the province. Through field visits, comprehensive literature research and personal research, they work with regional and district Resident Geologist Program (RGP) staff to ensure that the Mineral Deposit Inventory (MDI) database is regularly updated. Regular updates are required to ensure that the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines and its clients are using the most up-to-date information in making mineral investment, land-use planning and policy decisions. Shannon Zurevinski became the northwestern Ontario MDCG in March, 2012.

In mid-2012, the Natural Resources and Values Information System or NRVIS platform that was used to enter new mineral deposit data was replaced with Land Information Ontario (LIO) Editor 4.0 as a centralized, ArcGIS®-based application. Although updates and additions were made to the mineral deposit database in 2012, no new MDI database could be released in 2012. A new data distribution tool is expected to be made available early in 2013.

The most recent MDI database was released in December 2011. In addition to being made available through the MNDM website, the entire digital data set is available from the Ontario Geological Survey as “Mineral Deposit Inventory—2011”. MDI data are searchable through the Ministry’s GeologyOntario website and through OGS Earth.

Total contributions in 2012 to the MDI database for northwestern Ontario included 115 updated records, 78 records deleted and 1 new record. The MDCG also provided MDI training to Northwest Regional RGP staff; other activities are listed in Table 19.

Table 19. Mineral Deposit Compilation Geologist—Northwestern Ontario activities conducted in 2012.

Place District Date Activity Hardrock and Leitch properties Thunder Bay North June 21 Canadian Land Reclamation Association (CLRA) 6th Annual Ontario Mine Reclamation Symposium Field Trip Stillwater Marathon Thunder Bay South September 14 Property Visit Minnitaki Kenora July 24 Property Visit Bearhead Lake Red Lake June 25–26 Remote Property Visit Laurentian Goldfields; Griffith Mine Red Lake July 23 Property Visits Conferences Thunder Bay April 2–4 Northwestern Ontario Mines and Minerals Symposium Thunder Bay May 16–18 Institute on Lake Superior Geology Thunder Bay June 20 Canadian Land Reclamation Association (CLRA) 6th Annual Ontario Mine Reclamation Symposium Toronto September 25–26 Far North Land Use Planning Meeting/Workshop Sudbury November 6–7 Ontario Exploration and Geoscience Symposium

The MDI database is a dynamic compilation of over 19 000 records describing most of the known mineral occurrences in Ontario. It is an important reference tool for explorationists interested in exploring and acquiring mining properties in Ontario. When used in conjunction with other spatial databases generated by the Ontario Geological Survey, it provides additional tools for making mineral discoveries in Ontario.

64 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

REFERENCES

Archibald, C.W. 1970. Summary report on Copper-Lode Mines Ltd., Red Lake–Uchi Lake area; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Belanger Township, Copper-Lode Mines Ltd., File #2, 27p. Armstrong, T., Puritch, E. and Yassa, A. 2006. Technical report and resource estimate on the Springpole Lake gold property, Red Lake Mining Division; NI 43-101 Technical Report, P & E Mining Consultants, filed November 28, 2006 with SEDAR®, see SEDAR® Home Page, 94p. Arseneau, G. and Nowak, M. 2012. Mineral resource update for the Springpole Gold Project, NW Ontario, Canada; NI 43-101 Independent Technical report for the Springpole Gold Project, prepared for Gold Canyon Resources Inc. Atkinson, B.T. 1995. Geology of the Medicine Stone Lake map area; in Summary of Field Work and Other Activities 1995, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 164, p.153–156. ———1996. Geology of the Medicine Stone Lake map area; in Summary of Field Work and Other Activities 1995, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 166, p.116–119. ———1999. Precambrian geology, Medicine Stone Lake area; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3397, scale 1:50 000. Atkinson, B.T., Parker, J.R. and Storey, C.C. 1990. Red Lake Resident Geologist’s District—1989; in Report of Activities 1989, Resident Geologists, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 147 Atkinson, B.T., Parker, J.R. and Storey, C.C. 1991. Red Lake Resident Geologist’s District—1990; in Report of Activities 1990, Resident Geologists, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 152, p.31–66. Ayres, L.D. 1970. Setting Net Lake area; Ontario Department of Mines Preliminary Map P.538 (Revised), scale 1:15 840. Barclay, W.F. 1986. Proposed drilling on the Redaurum property, Baird Township, Red Lake, Ontario; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Baird Township, Redaurum Red Lake Mines Ltd., No. OM85-1-C-219, 9p. Barrie, C. 2008. High Resolution resolution tri-sensor magnetic & radiometric airborne survey, Bearhead East Block Project, Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Shoreham Resources Ltd., AFRO#2.38843 Barron, K.M. 1996. The Petrological and metallogenic significance of the alkaline igneous centre at the Springpole gold prospect, northwestern Ontario; unpublished PhD thesis, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, 272p. Bayne, A.S. 1981. Report to Dumont Nickel Corporation on gold property—Ball Township, Red Lake Mining Division; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Ball Township, Dumont Nickel Corporation, included with No. MEAP RL-86, 25p. Beakhouse, G.P. 2007. Structurally controlled, magmatic hydrothermal model for Archean lode gold deposits: a working hypothesis; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6193, 133p. Bevan, A.A. 1983. Getty–Zahavy Joint Venture Favourable Lake Project, northwestern Ontario; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, 53C/13SE, Getty Canadian Minerals Ltd., No. OM-82-1-C-54 File# 8, 26p. Bevan, P.A. 2010. Technical Report on the Pipestone Bay Gold Deposit prepared for Hy Lake Gold Inc. Todd Township, Red Lake Area, Northwest Ontario; Technical Report, filed November 2, 2010 with SEDAR®, see SEDAR® Home Page, 53p. Bishop, E.G. 1939.Lake Rowan Gold Mines property; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Todd Township, Lake Rowan Gold Mines Ltd., 6p. Bond, W.D. and Breaks, F.W. 1978. Ground Evaluation of Airborne Radiometric Anomalies in Northwestern Ontario; in Summary of Field Work, 1978, Ontario Geological Survey, edited by V.G. Milne, O.L White, R.B. Barlow and J.A. Robertson, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 82, p.22–27.

65 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Breaks, F.W. 1979.Lithophile mineralization in northwestern Ontario, rare element granitoid pegmatites; in Summary of Field Work, 1979, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 90, p.5–7. Breaks, F.W., Bond, W.D., Desnoyers, D.W., Stone, D. and Harris, N. 1976. Operation Kenora–Ear Falls, Bruce– Bluffy lakes sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Division of Mines, Preliminary Map P.1199, scale 1:63 360. Breaks, F.W., Bond, W.D., McWilliams, G.H., Gower, C.F. and Stone, D. 1975a.Operation Kenora–Sydney Lake, Eagle–Sydney Lakes Sheet, District of Kenora, Ontario Division of Mines, Preliminary Map P.1026, Geology Series, Scale 1:63 360. ———1975b. Operation Kenora–Sydney Lake, Pakwash–Longlegged Lakes Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Division of Mines, Preliminary Map P.1027, scale 1:63 360. Breaks, F.W., Bond, W.D. McWilliams, G.H., Gower, C.F. and Findlay, D. 1975c.Operation Kenora–Sydney Lake, Oak–Indian Lakes Sheet, District of Kenora; Ontario Division of Mines Preliminary Map P.1029 scale 1:63 360 Breaks, F.W., Bond, W.D., Westerman, C.J., Gower, C.F., Stone, D., Desnoyers, D.W., McWilliams, G.H., Harris, N. and Findlay, D. 1978. Western English River Subprovince and parts of Uchi and Wabigoon subprovinces, general geology and lithophile type mineralization, districts of Kenora and Kenora (Patricia Portion); Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.1971, scale 1:253 440. Breaks, F.W., Selway, J.B. and Tindle, A.G. 2003. Fertile peraluminous granites and related rare-element mineralization in pegmatites, Superior Province, northwest and northeast Ontario: Operation Treasure Hunt; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6099, 179p. Carter, G.S. 2007. Technical Report on the Resources at Garnet Lake Property Confederation Lake Belt Red Lake, Ontario on behalf of Tribute Minerals Inc.; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Belanger Township, Tribute Minerals Inc., Non-Assessment, 37p. Castor, S.B. and Hedrick, J.B. 2006.Rare earth elements; in Industrial Minerals and Rocks, 7th ed., Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration Inc., p.769-792. Cox, S.F., Knackstedt, M.A. and Braun, J. 2001. Principles of structural control on permeability and fluid flow in Hydrothermal Systems, Society of Economic Geologists Reviews, v.4, p.1–24. Durocher, M.E., Burchell, P. and Andrews, A.J. 1987.Gold occurrences, prospects, and deposits of the Red Lake area; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5558, Volume 1, 433p. Dyer, R.D. and Hamilton,S.M. 2007. Red Lake area high-density regional lake sedimentand water geochemical survey, northwestern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey,Open File Report 6198, 115p. Energy, Mines and Resources Canada 1989. Canadian mineral deposits not being mined in 1989; Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, Mineral Bulletin 223. Ferguson, S.A. 1968. Geology of northern part of Heyson Township; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Report 56, 54p. Germundson, R.K. 1995. Diamond drill report, St. Jude Resources Ltd.; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Earngey Township, St. Jude Resources Ltd., No.OM94-080, 107p. Geotech Ltd. 2010. Report on Helicopter-Borne Versatile Time Domain Electromagnetic (VTEM) and Aeromagnetic Geophysical Survey, Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Shoreham Resources Ltd., AFRO#2.44812 Gillies, B. 1982. Thrall property, Red Lake District: Report on 1981 surface diamond drilling program for Camflo Mines Ltd.; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Dome Township, Camflo Mines Ltd., AFRO# 63.4032, 27p. Gordon. J.B. 1988. Jamie Frontier Resources Inc. summary report on the exploration program in Todd Township, Red Lake, Ontario, March 1987 to February 1988; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, 52M/01SE, Todd Township, Jamie Frontier Resources Inc., OM87-1-L-154, 25p.

66 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

Hawkins, W. 2009.Report on the St. Lucie–Gods Lake Resources Sachigo River Gold Mine Property, Red Lake Mining District Ontario, Canada; Technical Report, filed July 15, 2009 with SEDAR®, see SEDAR® Home Page, 45p. Harron, G.A. and Puritch, E. 2010.Technical report on North Madsen Properties Dome and Heyson Townships Red Lake M.D. Ontario, Canada For Mega Precious Metals Inc.; Technical Report, filed July 23, 2010 with SEDAR®, see SEDAR® Home Page, 85p. Hogg, G.M. 2002. Technical report on the McFinley Mine property of Rubicon Minerals Corporation; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Bateman Township, Rubicon Minerals Corporation, Non- Assessment, 25p. Holbrooke, G.L. 1958. Report on Red Lake properties, New Faulkenham Mines Ltd.; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Baird Township, New Faulkenham Mines Ltd., 4p. Horwood, H.C. 1945. Geology and mineral deposits of the Red Lake area; Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report 1940, v.49, pt.2, 231p. Hurst, M.E. 1930. Geology of the area between Favourable Lake and Sandy Lake, District of Kenora (Patricia Portion); Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report 1929, v.38, pt.2, p.49-84 Hutchings, C. 2011. Technical Report on the Griffith Property, Ontario, Canada, prepared for Northern Iron Corp. by Kiex Consulting Limited, June 20, 2011; Northern Iron Corp., NI 43-101 Technical Report, filed July 7, 2011 with SEDAR® , see SEDAR® Home Page, 75p. King, D. and Petrie, L. 1998. Report on geophysical surveys (MAG, HLEM 1996), the Dixie property; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, 52K/14 NW, Noranda Mining and Exploration Inc., AFRO# 2.18690, 16p. Kita, J. 1988. OMEP Report of work done on the Buffalo property by Red Lake Buffalo Resources Ltd., September 1 to December 31, 1987 and March 1 to May 31, 1988; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Heyson Township, Red Lake Buffalo Resources Ltd., No. OM87-1-L-190, 64p. Kuryliw, C.J. 1967. A geological report on Aiken–Russet Red Lake Mines Ltd.; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Baird Township, Aiken–Russet Red Lake Mines Ltd., No. MEAP RL-27, 16p. Lewis, P. 1994. Geological survey, Big Falls property, November 1994; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, 52K/NW/14, Cumberland Resources Ltd., AFRO# 2.16247, 26p. Lichtblau, A., Raoul, A., Ravnaas, C., Storey, C.C., Raoul, A., Kosloski, L., Debicki, R. and Drost, A. 2001. Report of Activities 2000, Resident Geologist Program, Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist Report: Red Lake and Kenora Districts; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6047, 109p. Lichtblau, A.F., Ravnaas, C., Storey, C.C., Hinz, P. and Bongfeldt, J. 2009. Report of Activities 2008, Resident Geologist Program, Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist Report: Red Lake and Kenora Districts; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6232, 88p. Lichtblau, A.F., Ravnaas, C., Storey, C.C., Bongfeldt, J., McDonald, S., Lockwood, H.C., Bennett, N.A. and Jeffries, T. 2011. Report of Activities 2010, Resident Geologist Program, Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist Report: Red Lake and Kenora Districts; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6261, 93p. Lichtblau, A.F., Ravnaas, C., Storey, C.C., Bongfeldt, J., Lockwood, H.C. and Wilson, A.C. 2012. Report of Activities 2011, Resident Geologist Program, Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist Report: Red Lake and Kenora Districts; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6271, 98p. MacDougall, C. 1995. Report on geophysical surveys (MAG, HLEM 1994) Ben Lake project 1994; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, 52K/NW, Noranda Mining and Exploration Inc., AFRO# 2.15981, 12p. ———1996. Report on diamond drilling and lithogeochemistry 1994–1995, Copperlode property; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Belanger Township, Noranda Mining and Exploration Inc. (Copperlode Property), AFRO# 2.17097, 24p.

67 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

McClean, P. 1976. The 1976 exploration program Abino Gold Mines Ltd.; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Dome Township, Abino Gold Mines Ltd., No. MEAP RL-46, 19p. McPhee, D.S. 1989. The Lingman Lake deposit, Red Lake Mining Division: report for Twin Gold Mines Ltd.; Red Lake Resident Geologist's office, assessment file, 53F/15 SW, Twin Gold Mines Ltd., No. OM88-1-l-217, 27p. McCracken, T. and Harder, M. 2011.Technical report and resource estimate on the North Madsen property, Red Lake, Ontario; For Mega Precious Metals Inc.; Technical Report, filed October 25, 2011 with SEDAR®, see SEDAR® Home Page, 137p. Meade, S.R. 2012. Goldpines South property drilling report, Ear Falls Area; Resident Geologist’s office, assessment report, Laurentian Goldfields Ltd., AFRO#2.52843 Muir, T.L. 1994. Geology of the Dixie Lake area, District of Kenora (Patricia Portion); Ontario Geological Survey, Open File 5904, 53p. Ontario Geological Survey–Geological Survey of Canada 1978. Airborne gamma-ray spectrometer survey, North Spirit Lake Sheet, District of Kenora (Patricia Portion); Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary map P.1938, geophysical series, scale 1:250 000. Ontario Geological Survey 2000.Bedrock geology, seamless coverage of the Province of Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, ERLIS Data Set 6, scale 1:1 000 000. ———2013a. Bearhead Lake Prospect; Mineral Deposit Inventory, MDI#53C13SE00061. ———2013b. Griffith Mine; Mineral Deposit Inventory, MDI#52K14SW00002. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 1973. Upper Medicine Stone Lake, bottom contours; unpublished lake bottom map, survey date 4-10 Parker, J.R. and Atkinson, B.T. 1992.Gold occurrences, prospects and past-producing mines of the Birch– Confederation lakes area; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5835, 332p. Poulsen, K.H. 1983. Structural setting of vein-type gold mineralization in the Mine Centre–Fort France Area: Implications for the Wabigoon subprovince; in The geology of gold in Ontario, edited by A.C. Colvine, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 110, p.174-180. ———2013. Greenstone gold deposits, Short Course Notes, CIM Thunder Bay Branch and the Lakehead University SEG Student Chapter, January 18 & 19, 2013. Power–Fardy, D. and Breede, K. 2009. Technical review of the Sidace Lake gold property, including mineral resource estimates for the Main Discovery and Upper Duck zones, Red Lake Mining Division, Northwestern Ontario for Planet Exploration Inc.; Technical Report, filed April 14, 2009 with SEDAR®, see SEDAR® Home Page, 118p. Pressacco, R. 2004. Technical report on the resource estimate of the gold mineralization found on the Western Discovery zone of the Gold Eagle Mine property, Red Lake Ontario; Technical Report, filed January 5, 2005 with SEDAR®, see SEDAR® Home Page, 70p. Ravenelle, J.-F., Dubé, B., Malo, M., McNicoll, V., Nadeau, L. and Simoneau, J. 2010. Insights on the geology of the world-class Roberto gold deposit, Eléonore property, James Bay area, Québec; Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research 2010-1, 26p. Renaudat, F. and Bending, D. 2007. Prospecting and scintillometer surveys, Bearhead Lake Property, Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Shoreham Resources Ltd., AFRO#2.35352 Render, M., Meade, S.R. and Lengyel, J.W.P. 2010a. Goldpines North Drilling report, Ear Falls Area, Ontario; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Laurentian Goldfields Ltd., AFRO#2.49304 ———2010b. Goldpines South Property, Ear Falls Area, Ontario; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Laurentian Goldfields Ltd., AFRO#2.52843

68 A.F. Lichtblau et al.

———2011. Goldpines North Property, Ear Falls Area, Ontario; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Laurentian Goldfields Ltd., AFRO#2.49846. Richardson, D.G. and Birkett, T.C. 1996. Peralkaline rock associated rare metals; in Geology of Canadian Mineral Deposit Types, Geology of Canada, No.8, p.523–540. Riley, R.A. 1969. Mulcahy Township, District of Kenora, Patricia Portion; Ontario Department of Mines, Preliminary Map P.567, scale 1:9600. Robertson, J.A. 1982. Uranium and thorium deposits of Ontario, Northwest Sheet, Kenora (Patricia Portion) District; Ontario Geological Survey, Map P.2425, 1inch to 16 miles. Robertson, J.A. and Gould, K.L. 1983. Uranium and thorium deposits of northern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Mineral Deposits Circular 25, 152p. Sanborn-Barrie, M. Rogers, N. Skulski, T. Parker, J., McNicoll, V., and Devaney, J. 2004. Geology and tectonostratigraphic assemblages, East Uchi subprovince, Red Lake and Birch–Uchi Belts, Ontario; Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 4256; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3460, scale 1:250 000. Sanborn-Barrie, M.,Stott, G.M.and Western Superior NATMAP Team 2005. Evolution of the Archean western Superior Province and its mineral deposits through time; presentation at the Ontario Exploration and Geoscience Symposium, Sudbury, December 13 and 14, 2005. Sharpe, D.R. and Russell, H.A.I. 1996. Quaternary geology of the Red Lake/Confederation Lake area, Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2876. Shklanka, R. 1968. Iron deposits of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Mineral Resources Circular 11, 217p. ———1969. Copper, nickel, lead and zinc deposits of Ontario; Ontario Department of Mines, Mineral Resources Circular 12, 394p. ———1970. Geology of the Bruce Lake area, District of Kenora; Ontario Department of Mines, Geological Report 82, 27p. Smith, H.A., Shannon, J.M., Nussipakynova, D., Pitman, C., Caron, S. and Roy, P. 2011. F2 Gold System–Phoenix Gold Project, Bateman Township, Red Lake, Canada Technical Report for Rubicon Minerals Corporation; Technical Report, filed August 11, 2011 with SEDAR®, see SEDAR® Home Page, 164p. Smith, G.K. 2010a. MMI soil geochemistry and spectrometer survey, Bear Head Trend Property, Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Shoreham Resources Ltd., AFRO#2.44129 ———2010b. 2010 Field follow-up to 2009 MMI soil Geochemistry and spectrometer survey, rock grab sampling, addendum and 2010 Geotech airborne survey, Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, Shoreham Resources Ltd., assessment file, AFRO#2.48912 Stone, D. 1981. The Sydney Lake fault zone in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada; PhD Thesis, University of Toronto, 146p ———1998. Precambrian geology of the Berens River area, northwest Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5963, 116p. Stone, D., Fogal, R. and Fitzsimon, S. 1993. Precambrian geology, Favourable Lake area; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3226, scale 1:50 000. Stott, G., Corkery, M.T., Percival, J.A., Simard, M. and Goutier, J. 2011. A revised terrane subdivision of the Superior Province; Ontario Geological Survey, poster presentation at the Ontario Exploration and Geoscience Symposium, Sudbury, Ontario, November 8 & 9, 2011. Taylor, S.R. and McLennan, S.M. 1985. The continental crust: its composition and evolution; Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, 232p.

69 RED LAKE DISTRICT—2012

Thurston, P.C. and Paktunc, D. 1985. Western Uchi Subprovince stratigraphy (Troutlake River Area), Madsen Sheet, District of Kenora (Patricia Portion) Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.2857, scale 1:50 000. Thurston, P.C. and Bartlett, J.R. 1981. Red Lake Sheet, Kenora District; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.2385, scale 1:126720. Tilsley, J.E. 1981. Evaluation of the Fairlie prospect, Project No. 1259 for Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd.; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Fairlie Township, Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd., AFRO# 2.4561, 58p. Wilton, C.K. 1973. Magnetometer and electromagnetic survey and diamond drilling on the property of Cole Gold Mines Ltd. and adjoining Kerr Addison claims, Ball Township, Ontario; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Ball Township, Cole Gold Mines–Kerr Addison (option), No. MEAP RL-19, AFRO# 63.3206, 6p. Wood, J. 1977. Geology of North Spirit Lake area, District of Kenora (Patricia Portion); Ontario Division of Mines, Geoscience Report 150, 60p. Zeng, F. and Calvert, A.J. 2006. Imaging the upper part of the Red Lake greenstone belt, northwestern Ontario, with 3-D traveltime tomography; in The Western Superior Province Lithoprobe and NATMAP transects, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v.43, no.7, p.849-863. Zinn, R.A. 1984. Report of exploration in 1983, Earngey Township, Project 430, Orofino Resources Ltd.; Red Lake Resident Geologist’s office, assessment file, Earngey Township, Orofino Resources Ltd., AFRO# 2.7823, 14p.

Ontario Geological Survey Regional Resident Geologist Program

Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist (Kenora District)—2012

C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

2013

CONTENTS

Kenora District—2012

INTRODUCTION ...... 1 MINING ACTIVITY ...... 1 Nelson Granite Ltd...... 2 EXPLORATION ACTIVITY ...... 4 Economic Analysis Stage ...... 8 Resource Delineation Stage ...... 15 Exploration Activity Stage ...... 15 KENORA DISTRICT STAFF AND ACTIVITIES ...... 22 PROPERTY EXAMINATIONS ...... 23 Lithogeochemical Sampling of the Neepawa Island Exposures ...... 24 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXPLORATION ...... 33 Gold-Sulphide Association and Pre-Orogenic Model for Mineralization ...... 33 Gold-pyrite association at deposits ...... 33 Alteration related to Gold-pyrite mineralization ...... 34 Pre-orogenic atypical greenstone belt gold model ...... 35 Support evidence at deposits for early Au-pyrite hydrothermal events ...... 35 Recommendation ...... 35 OGS ACTIVITIES AND RESEARCH BY OTHERS ...... 36 REGIONAL LAND USE GEOLOGIST ACTIVITIES ...... 36 FIRST NATIONS MINERALS INFORMATION OFFICER—NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO ...... 36 MINERAL DEPOSIT COMPILATION GEOLOGIST—NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO ...... 36 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... 36 REFERENCES ...... 44

Tables

1. Assessment files received in the Kenora District in 2012 ...... 2 2. Exploration Activity conducted in the Kenora District in 2012 - keyed to Figures 3 and 4 ...... 5 3. Mineral resource estimate of the Cameron Lake deposit used in preliminary economic assessment ...... 8 4. Historical mineral resource estimate of the Rainy River deposit ...... 10 5. Revised mineral resource estimate of the Rainy River deposit ...... 10 6. Mineral resource estimate of the Rainy River deposit used in PEA ...... 10 7. Summary of the 2012 diamond drilling program, Rainy River gold project ...... 11 8. Mineral resource estimate of the Rainy River Resources Ltd. Silver Zone ...... 11 9. Mineral resource estimate of the Treasury Metals Inc. Thunder Lake gold deposit ...... 13 10. Mineral resource estimate of the Metalore Resources Limited, East Cedartree gold deposit ...... 15 11. Revised mineral resource estimate of the MPH Ventures Ltd., Pidgeon molybdenum deposit ...... 15 12. Property and field examinations in 2012 - keyed to Figure 8 ...... 23 13. Rock types, calcite and sulphide content and gold values of samples collected from the Neepawa Island ...... 27 14. Mineral deposits not being mined in the Kenora District as of Nov 2012 - keyed to Figure 19 ...... 38

Figures

1. Extent of staking in the Kenora District as of December 31, 2012 ...... 9 2. Location of conceptual open-pit boundary Rainy River gold project, Rainy River Resources Ltd ...... 12 3. Location of Economic Analysis, Resource Delineation and quarrying activity in the Kenora District in 2012...... 14 4. Exploration activity conducted in the Kenora District in 2011 ...... 17 5. Location of gold properties in the Upper and Lower Manitou lakes area ...... 18 6. Location of drill holes for part of the Manitou Gold Inc. Gaffney Extension property ...... 19 7. Area associated with the shear structures on the Manitou Gold Inc. Kenwest property ...... 20 8. Property visits and field examinations conducted in the Kenora District in 2012 ...... 25 9. Geology and location of Neepawa Island ...... 26 10. Location of Areas C and D and selected diamond drill holes on Neepawa Island ...... 27 11. Geology and location of sample sites at the Area C exposure ...... 29 12 Geology and location of sample sites at the Area D exposure ...... 30 13. Thin section photomicrograph of sample NI-08 ...... 31 14. SEM photomicrograph of pyrite grain with mineralization, sample NI-08 ...... 32 15. Thin section photomicrograph of sample NI-31 ...... 32 16. SEM photomicrograph of pyrite grain with mineralization, sample NI-31 ...... 33 17. Locations of Angel Hill Gold Zone, Cameron Lake and Rainy River deposits ...... 34 18. Location of Precambrian Geoscience section projects conducted in the Kenora District in 2012 ...... 37 19. Location of mineral deposits not being mined in the Kenora District ...... 43

iii

This page left blank intentionally

Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist (Kenora District)—2012

C. Ravnaas1 and J. Bongfeldt2

1District Geologist, Kenora District, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey

2District Geological Assistant, Kenora District, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey

INTRODUCTION

The Kenora District extends east from the Manitoba border to Savant Lake and south to the International Border. It encompasses the towns of Kenora, Vermilion Bay, Dryden, Ignace, Sioux Lookout, Savant Lake and Fort Frances, and a number of First Nation communities of Treaty 3 affiliation.

Dimension stone continued to be produced in the Kenora District in 2012. No metallic mineral production was recorded in the District. Gold was the commodity targeted by most of the exploration activity in the Kenora District.

Based on successful results from sustained exploration activity, Preliminary Economic Assessments have been released at the a) Cameron Lake property (Coventry Resources Limited), b) Thunder Lake Deposit, Goliath property (Treasury Metals Inc.), and c) Rainy River property (Rainy River Resources Ltd.).

In 2012, the majority of exploration activity conducted in the district concentrated on projects that had already received substantial work in the recent past. Significant exploration projects continued to target gold at the Burns Block property (Bayfield Ventures Corp.), Gaffney Extension property (Manitou Gold Inc.), Gold Rock property (Goldeye Explorations Limited), Goliath property (Treasury Metals Inc.), Kenwest properties (Manitou Gold Inc.), Mine Centre property (Q-Gold Resources Ltd.), and Straw Beach property (Mineral Mountain Resources Ltd.).

In 2012, significant gold exploration programs were initiated on the East Burns-Intrepid zone, Burns Block property (Bayfield Ventures Ltd.), Intrepid zone, Rainy River property (Rainy River Resources Ltd.), and Fold zone (Goliath property (Treasury Metals Inc.).

Two projects which released Mineral Resource Estimates in 2012 were East Cedartree gold deposit, East Cedartree property (Metalore Resources Ltd.), and Pidgeon molybdenum deposit, Pidgeon property (MPH Ventures Ltd.).

Iron potential continued to be targeted at the Josephine Cone iron mine, Bending Lake property (Bending Lake Iron Group Ltd.) and at the Mine Centre property (Numax Resources Inc.).

In 2012, an exploration program targeting rare metals continued at the Mavis Lake project (International Lithium Corp.).

A total of 61 exploration projects were conducted by mineral exploration companies and individual prospectors during the year (Table 2). Work completed within the Kenora District and filed for assessment credit, or otherwise provided, is shown in Table 1.

The authors note that, for ease of reading, all web addresses were accessed on February 28, 2013, unless otherwise noted. MINING ACTIVITY

There was no production of either base or precious metals in the Kenora District in 2012. Production continued from four granite quarries in 2012. The quarries are keyed, by alphabet, to Figure 3, and described below.

1 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

Nelson Granite Ltd. Nelson Granite Ltd. continued year-round production from four established stone quarries and initiated extraction from one new quarry in the Kenora District during 2012.

Production continued at the Docker Township quarry (A), 10 km southwest of the town of Vermilion Bay. Homogeneous, medium-grained, pink granite is produced from a granite plug, which is part of the Dryberry batholith. The majority of the stone produced is used in the monument industry and is sold as “Vermilion Pink”. In 2012, approximately 7171 m3 (253 247 ft3) was produced (C. Spence, Nelson Granite Ltd., personal communication, 2013).

The company continued to produce stone from their Forgotten Lake quarry (B) located on the eastern side of Forgotten Lake, approximately 35 km north of Kenora and 10 km north of the hamlet of Redditt. A total of 2320 m3 (81 910 ft3) was produced in 2012 and the green, feldspar-megacrystic “Pine Green” stone was used as monument and building stone (C. Spence, Nelson Granite Ltd., personal communication, 2013).

Production continued at the Red Deer Lake quarry (C) in 2012. The quarry is located near Red Deer Lake, approximately 40 km northeast of Kenora and situated 12.6 km east of the Forgotten Lake quarry. A total of 2380 m3 (84 044 ft3) were produced for use as monument and building stone (C. Spence, Nelson Granite Ltd., personal communication, 2013). The stone is marketed as “Red Deer Brown” or “Canadian Mahogany”.

The Second Mountain quarry (D) is located approximately 5.6 km east of the Forgotten Lake quarry. A total of 1028 m3 (36 314 ft3) was produced in 2012 and was used as monument and building stone. The stone from the quarry is a feldspar-megacrystic granite, sold as “Crystal Gold” (C. Spence, Nelson Granite Ltd., personal communication, 2013).

Production resumed at the Shepody quarry (E) in 2012. The quarry is located approximately 45 km north of Kenora and situated 7.5 km northwest of Red Deer Lake quarry. A total of 750 m3 (26 480 ft3) was produced in 2012 for dimension stone use, under the market name “Shepody” (C. Spence, Nelson Granite Ltd., personal communication, 2013). The stone is a medium- to coarse-grained, porphyritic granite composed of potassic feldspar phenocrysts in a matrix of plagioclase, potassic feldspar, quartz and biotite.

Table 1. Assessment files received in the Kenora District in 2012.

AEM ...... Airborne electromagnetic survey GM ...... Ground magnetic survey AM ...... Airborne magnetic survey GR ...... Geological report ARA ...... Airborne radiometric survey IP ...... Induced polarization survey BS ...... Beneficiation study Lc ...... Linecutting DDH ...... Diamond drill hole(s) P ...... Prospecting EM ...... Electromagnetic survey Res ...... Resistivity survey GC ...... Geochemical survey SA ...... Sampling (other than bulk) GEM ...... Ground electromagnetic survey Str ...... Stripping GL ...... Geological survey Tr ...... Trenching

Township or Area Company Name Year Type of Work AFRO Resident Geologist Office (Work Value) Number File Designation Atikwa Lake Area Canadian Arrow Mines Ltd. 2007-08 DDH, GL, SA, Str 2.50561 52F05NE KK-7 Atikwa Lake Area Maybrun Mines Ltd. 1966 DDH, SA donated 52F05NE P-7 Bad Vermilion Area Numax Resources Inc. 2011 GR, SA 2.51230 52C10NW Z-16 Beckington Lake Area Paragon Minerals Corp. 2011 GL, P, SA 2.50668 52J02NE -0145 Bell Lake Area #3936449 Canada Incorporated 2011 GC 2.49295 52G15SW -0057 Bending Lake Area Bending Lake Iron Group Ltd. 2010-11 DDH, GL, Lc, SA 2.49431 52F08SE M-2 Bennett Lake Area Yeoman Mining Co. 1975 GEM, GM, Lc donated 52C16SW J-2 Bluffpoint Lake Area Mineral Mountain Resources Ltd. 2011 DDH 2.50363 52F03NW CC-2

2 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

Bluffpoint Lake Area Mineral Mountain Resources Ltd. 2011 DDH, SA 2.50368 52F03NW CC-3 Boyer Lake Area Manitou Gold Inc. 2009 GL, P, SA, Str 2.48925 52F07NE SSS-2 Boyer Lake Area Manitou Gold Inc. 2010 DDH, SA 2.49328 52F07NE SSS-3 Boyer Lake Area Manitou Gold Inc. 2010 DDH, SA 2.51929 52F07NE SSS-5 Boyer Lake Area Treasury Metals Inc. 2011 GL, P, SA, Tr 2.49665 52F07NE G-1 Boyer Lake Area Treasury Metals Inc. 2011 GL, P, SA 2.49539 52F07NE G-3 Code Township Nuinsco Resources Ltd. 2010 DDH 2.48715 52E09SE HH-2 Code Township Nuinsco Resources Ltd. 2010 DDH, GM, GEM, 2.48715 52E09SE HH-3 GL, IP, Str, SA, Tr Code Township Pacific Iron Ore Corporation 2011-12 GR, P 2.50579 52E09SE M-3 Colenso Township Scott, B. 2010-11 P, SA 2.48593 52F14NW G-3 Conant Township Bird River Mines Ltd 1972 DDH donated 52J07SE -0034 Conant Township Pacific Iron Ore Corporation 2010 P, SA 2.50521 52J07SE -0107 Dogpaw Lake Area Metalore Resources Ltd. 2010 P, SA 2.49609 52F05SW LLLL-10 Dogpaw Lake Area Metals Creek Resources Corp. 2010 P, GL, SA 2.50596 52F05SW QQQQ-7 Dunne Lake Area Excalibur Resources Ltd. 2011 DDH 2.48954 52G15SE -0035 Echo Township Goldlund Resources Inc. 2011 DDH 2.49569 52F16NW -0136 Echo Township Tamaka Gold Corp. 2011 DDH, GL, P, SA 2.51254 52F16NW -0137 Endogoki Lake Area MMG Canada Exploration 2011 AM, SA 2.51467 52J09SW -0032 Ewart Township Kuryliw, C. 1977 GL donated 52E11NE CCC-1 Fourbay Lake Area AUR Lake Exploration Inc. 2010 GC, Lc, P, SA, Str, 2.49601 52J02SW -0118 Tr Garnet Bay Area Manitou Gold Inc. 2011 DDH, SA 2.48696 52F11NW B-2 Garnet Bay Area Pacific Iron Ore Corporation 2010 GR, SA 2.49760 52F11NW A-3 Harper Lake Area Manitou Gold Inc. 2011 GM 2.49909 52F07NW P-1 Hartman Township Treasury Metals Inc. 2009-10 DDH, SA 2.48735 52F15SE JJ-3 Hartman Township Treasury Metals Inc. 2011 AM, AEM 2.50106 52F15SE JJ-4 Jutten Township Angove, R. 2011 P, Str 2.49970 52J08NW -0056 Kawashegamuk Lake United Reef Limited 2012 AM, AEM 2.51842 52F08NW HH-2 Area Line Lake Area SINO Minerals Corp. 2010 AM, AEM 2.48889 52F11SW T-1 Lobstick Bay Area International Millennium Mining 2011 GL, Str, Tr 2.49581 52F05NW EE-4 Corp Lobstick Bay Area International Millennium Mining 2011 P, SA, Tr 2.51441 52F05NW EE-5 Corp. Lower Manitou Lake Manitou Gold Inc. 2011 GM, GR 2.49908 52F07SW N-1 Area Lower Manitou Lake Manitou Gold Inc. 2011 P, SA 2.49910 52F07SW N-2 Area Lower Manitou Lake Manitou Gold Inc. 2011 DDH, SA 2.51746 52F07SW N-3 Area Lower Manitou Lake Manitou Gold Inc. 2011 DDH, P, SA 2.51837 52F07SW N-4 Area Mang Lake Area Manitou Gold Inc. 2009 P, SA 2.48607 52F02NW L-2 Mang Lake Area Manitou Gold Inc. 2012 P, SA 2.51488 52F02NW L-3 Mang Lake Area Manitou Gold Inc. 2010-12 DDH, IP, SA 2.52601 52F02NW L-4 McAree Township Teck Exploration Ltd. 1960 DDH, GM donated 52F16SW -0059 Mcgillis Township Lanthier, G. and Laviolette, R. 2011 GM 2.49524 52J08NW -0057

3 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

Meggisi Lake Area Manitou Gold Inc. 2011 P, SA, Tr 2.50349 52F07SE I-1 Melgund Township Pathfinder Gold Inc. 2011 GL, Lc, SA 2.50292 52F09SW VV-1 Menary Township Kings Bay Gold Corp 2010 DDH, GR, SA 2.48920 52C13NW T-3 Napanee Lake Area Canadian Gold Explorations Inc. 2012 GM, Lc, P 2.51662 52F03SE J-1 Napanee Lake Area Neilson Lake Exploration Inc. 2011 GC, GM, Lc, P, SA 2.49939 52F03NE C-1 Napanee Lake Area Sparton Resources Inc. 1983-84 AEM donated 52F03NE K-1 Obikoba Lake Area Bending Lake Iron Group Ltd 2011 GM, Lc 2.50273 52C14SE C-2 Osaquan Township Kings Bay Gold Corp. 2009 GC, SA 2.50343 52G05NW Q-1 Patterson Lake Area Mega Graphite Inc. 2011 SA 2.49257 52L07SE W-3 Patterson Lake Area Mega Graphite Inc. 2011 Lc, P 2.50006 52L07SE X-2 Penassi Lake Area Unitronix Mining and Exploration 2011 GC, P, SA 2.49997 52G14NE -0073 Potts Township Rainy River Resources Ltd. 2012 DDH 2.52319 52C13SW F-2 Redditt Township Nelson Granite Limited 2010-11 BS 2.51709 52E16NW C-2 Reynar Lake Area Norpax Oils and Mines Ltd 1954 DDH donated 52L06NE K-4 Reynar Lake Area Selco Exploration Company Ltd. 1953 DDH, GM, P, Tr donated 52L06NE N-2 Richardson Township Rainy River Resources Ltd 2011 DDH, SA 2.50628 52D16SE J-3 Richardson Township Rainy River Resources Ltd 2011 AM, AEM 2.51035 52D16SE J-4 Richardson Township Rainy River Resources Ltd. 2010 DDH, SA 2.49573 52D16SE J-2 Rowan Lake Area Cameron Gold Operations Ltd. 2011 GL, Lc, SA, Str 2.51193 52F05SE BBBB-1 Satterly Township United Reef Limited 2012 AM, AEM 2.51713 52F09SW WW-1 Shoal Lake Area Siemieniuk, S. 2010 P, SA 2.47533 52E10SW I-1 Sifton Township Neilson, C. 2010 P, SA, Str 2.49499 52D16SE K-1 Sifton Township Neilson, C. 2011 GR, P, SA 2.49679 52D16SE K-2 Sifton Township Neilson, C. 2011 Lc, P, SA, Str, Tr 2.50003 52D16SE K-4 Sixmile Lake Area Xstrata Canada Corp. 2010-11 DDH, GM, SA 2.49883 52G15NW -0110 Smock Lake Area Glory Resources Ltd. 2011 GC, GL, P, SA 2.50064 52G13NE -0041 Squaw Lake Area Pacific Iron Ore Corporation 2011 P, Tr 2.51581 52J02SE -0147 Squaw Lake Area Paragon Minerals Corp. 2011 GL, P, SA 2.51821 52J02SE -0146 Squaw Lake Area Paragon Minerals Corp. 2011 P, SA 2.49128 52J02SE -0145 Squaw Lake Area Paragon Minerals Corp. 2009-10 GL, GR, P, Str, Tr 2.48578 52J02SE -0144 Turtlepond Lake Area Canadian Arrow Mines Ltd. 2009-10 DDH, SA 2.49882 52F10SE AA-9 Turtlepond Lake Area SINO Minerals Corp. 2010 AM, AEM 2.48881 52F10SE F-1 Upper Manitou Lake Treasury Metals Inc. 2011 AM, AEM 2.50106 52F07NE G-2 Area Valora Lake Area Xstrata Canada Corp. 2010 AM, AEM 2.49636 52G14SE -0090 Vermilion Township Gossan Resources Ltd. 2011 P, SA 2.51852 52K01SE -0032 Vista Lake Area Angove, R. 2011 SA, Str, Tr 2.49771 52F03SE E-7 Webb Township Solitaire Minerals Inc. 2010 GL, SA 2.50092 52F15NE -0038

EXPLORATION ACTIVITY

A complete summary of exploration activity, including prospecting, is given in Table 2. The extent of staking is shown in Figure 1. Significant exploration programs described below were conducted in the Kenora District in 2012 and are largely based on exploration success from previous years’ work. Described below are programs with significant exploration expenditures and/or results. Programs are keyed with numbers to Table 2 and Figures 3 and 4.

Exploration activity presented in the Exploration Activity (see Table 2) is grouped into three sections, each representing different stages of program activity.

4 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

Several properties active in 2012 have received consecutive years of sustained exploration activity and the success of this work has advanced the stage of the projects. Once a company initiates an economic review of potential production, such as a Preliminary Economic Assessment, such is presented in the Economic Analysis Stage section of the table.

Exploration efforts that focus on upgrading the National Instrument (NI) 43-101 or historical mineral resource estimate will be presented in the Resource Delineation Stage section of the table.

The remaining majority of the exploration activity is presented in the Exploration Stage section of the table.

Table 2. Exploration Activity conducted in the Kenora District in 2012. Locations illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.

AEM ...... Airborne electromagnetic survey GM ...... Ground magnetic survey AM ...... Airborne magnetic survey IP ...... Induced polarization survey Bulk ...... Bulk sampling program IS ...... Public information sessions CC ...... Channel cutting Lc ...... Linecutting Comp ...... Compilation of historical work LSS ...... Lake sediment sampling DDC ...... Condemnations diamond drill hole(s) Met ...... Metallurgical studies DDE ...... Extension of historical diamond drill hole(s) MRE ...... Mineral Resource Estimate (NI 43-101) DDH ...... Diamond drill hole(s) MS ...... Marketing studies DDR ...... Diamond drill hole(s) re-logging OVD ...... Overburden drill hole(s) EA ...... Environmental Assessment study PEA ...... Preliminary Economic Assessment study EBS ...... Environmental baseline studies PD ...... Project Description ES ...... Engineering drill-hole studies Pr ...... Prospecting FN ...... First Nation Agreements Rpt ...... Report technical NI 43-101 GEM ...... Ground electromagnetic survey Samp ...... Sampling (other than bulk) GC ...... Geochemical survey SC ...... Scoping studies GL ...... Geological Bedrock Mapping survey Str ...... Stripping

No. Company/Individual Township/Area Exploration Activity (Occurrence Name or Property) (Commodity)

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS STAGE

1 Avalon Rare Metals Inc. Patterson Lake area MS (Big Whopper Deposit on (Li, Cs, Rb, Ta) Separation Rapids Property) 2 Bending Lake Iron Group Ltd. Bending Lake area Comp, Str, CC, Samp (Bending - Josephine Cone Deposit on (Fe) Bending Lake Property) 3 Canadian Arrow Mines Ltd. Atikwa Lake area EBS (Kenbridge Deposit on (Ni, Cu, Co, PGE) Kenbridge Project) 4 Coventry Resources Limited Rowan Lake area Rpt, PEA, EBS, Met, GC, Comp, (Cameron Lake Deposit on (Au) Samp Cameron Lake Property) 5 Rainy River Resources Ltd. Richardson Township DDH 241-102,898 m, MREs, Rpt, (Richardson Township Deposit on (Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, PGE) PEA, DDC 153-30,363 m, EA, FN, Rainy River Project) ES, GC, GL, Samp, 6 Treasury Metals Inc. Zealand Township DDH 66-22,500 m, DDE 16 holes, (Thunder Lake Deposit on (Au) PEA, PD, Met, EBS, Samp, staking Goliath Property)

5 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

Company/Individual Township/Area Exploration Activity No. (Occurrence Name or Property) (Commodity)

RESOURCE DELINEATION STAGE

7 Metalore Resources Ltd. Dogpaw Lake area MRE, Rpt (East Cedartree Deposit on (Au) East Cedratree Property) 8 MPH Ventures Corp. Echo Township MRE, Rpt (Pidgeon Deposit on (Mo, Cu) Pidgeon Property) 9 Q-Gold Resources Ltd. Bad Vermilion Lake area DDH 9-1228 m, Samp (Foley Deposit on (Au) Mine Centre Property) 10 San Gold Corporation. Atikwa Lake area Comp, purchased property from (Maybrun Deposits on (Cu, Au) Opawica Explorations Inc. Atikwa Lake Property) 11 Tamaka Gold Corporation Echo Township GL, Str, Samp (Goldlund Deposit on (Au) Goldlund Property)

EXPLORATION STAGE

12 Angove, R. Mang Lake area Pr, Samp (Vickers Lake Property) (Au) 13 Armada Exploration Corp. Bluffpoint Lake area Comp, Rpt (Essox Property) (Au) 14 Barranco Resources Corp. Savant Township Comp, Rpt (Savant Lake Property) (Au) 15 Bayfield Ventures Ltd. Richardson Township DDH 35-20,236 m, GL, Samp (Burns Block Property) (Au, Ag) 16 Beatrix Ventures Inc. Solitude Lake area Comp (Savant Lake Property) (Graphite) 17 Benton Resources Corp. Turtlepond Lake area Pr, Samp (Turtlepond Property) (Au) 18 Black Isle Resources Corp. Jaffray Township GL, Samp (Scramble Property) (Au) 19 Burt, D and Bundy, D. Code Township Pr, Samp (Olympian Property) (Au, Cu) 20 Canadian Gold Explorations Inc. Mang Lake area GC , Samp (Glass Reef Project) (Au) 21 Canadian Gold Explorations Inc. Napanee Lake area Lc, Pr, GM (Norgold Project) (Au) 22 Caribou King Resources Ltd. Mutrie Township Pr, Samp (Mutrie Property) (Graphite) 23 Caribou King Resources Ltd. Solitude Lake Area Pr, Samp (Savant Lake Property) (Graphite) 24 Commander Resources Ltd. Evans Lake area Comp, staking (Houghton Lake Property) (Cu, Zn, Au) 25 Commander Resources Ltd. Evans Lake area GC, Pr, Samp (Sabin Property) (Cu, Zn, Au)

6 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

26 Coventry Resources Limited Nelles Township OVD, Samp (Rainy River Project – Central Blue) (Au) 27 Coventry Resources Limited Pattullo, Morley, Shenston and Comp (Rainy River Project - East) Tail townships (Au) 28 Coventry Resources Limited Blue Township Comp (Rainy River Project - West) (Au) 29 Coventry Resources Limited Dogpaw Lake area Comp, optioned property from (West Cedartree Gold Project) (Au) Houston Lake Mining Inc. 30 Crestwell Resources Inc. Buchan Bay Area Rpt, AM, Pr, GL, Str, CC, Samp (Eagle Lake Property) (Au) 31 Duncastle Gold Corp. Shannon Lake Area Comp, staking. (Black Lake Property) (Au) 32 Duncastle Gold Corp. Shannon Lake Area Comp, optioned property from (Pine Centre Property) (Au) Mineral Mountain Resources Ltd 33 Excalibur Resources Ltd. Bell Lake Area GL, Comp (Sturgeon Lake Property) (Cu, Zn) 34 Fairmount Resources Corp. Evans Lake Area Pr, Samp, staking (Houghton Creek Property) (Au, Ag) 35 Goldeye Explorations Limited Boyer Lake Area DDH 6-765 m, Samp (Gold Rock Property) (Au) 36 Greencastle Resources Ltd. Press Lake Area Pr, GC, Samp (Stake Lake Property) (Cu, Au) 37 International Lithium Corp. Brownridge Township DDH 19-2,075 m, Samp (Mavis Lake- Fairservice Project) (Li, Cs, Rb, Ta) 38 Kesselrun Resources Ltd. Bluffpoint Lake Area Pr, Str, CC, Samp (Bluffpoint Property) (Au) 39 King’s Bay Gold Corporation Menary Township Comp (Menary Property) (Au) 40 Laurentian Goldfields Ltd. Contact Bay area GL, Str, CC, Samp (Van Horne Property) (Au) 41 Lucky Minerals Inc. Parnes Lake Area Comp (Parnes Lake Property) (Au) 42 Manitou Gold Inc. Mang Lake Area Pr, Samp (Aronson Creek Property) (Au) 43 Manitou Gold Inc. Boyer Lake Area Comp, DDR 37-holes, GL, Str, CC, (Elora Patents Property) (Au) Samp 44 Manitou Gold Inc. Lower Manitou Lake Area DDH 17- 5,032 m, Samp, 3D (Gaffney Extension Property) (Au) modeling 45 Manitou Gold Inc. Boyer Lake Area DDH 25-3,325 m, GM, Samp (Kenwest Property) (Au) 46 Manitou Gold Inc. Boyer Lake Area DDH 9-1,460 m, Samp (Mosher Bay Property) (Au) 47 Manitou Gold Inc. Mang Lake Area DDH 7-1,191 m, Samp (Sherridon Property) (Au) 48 Manitou Gold Inc. Lower Manitou Lake Area DDH 8-1,050 m, Samp (West Limb – Merrill Property) (Au) 49 Mega Graphite Inc. Treelined Lake Area Str, CC, Pr, Samp (Treelined Property) (Graphite)

7 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

50 MetalCORP Limited Halkirk Township Comp (North Rock Property) (Cu, Ni, PGE) 51 Metals Creek Resources Corp. Dogpaw Lake area GL, Str, CC, Samp (Flint Lake Property) (Au) 52 Mineral Mountain Resources Ltd. Bluffpoint Lake area DDH 3-882 m, Samp (Straw Beach Property) (Au) 53 Neilson, C. Richardson Twp Pr, Samp (Richardson North Property) (Au) 54 New Klondike Exploration Ltd. Kawashegamuk Lake Area Comp, Rpt, staking (Coldstream Property) (Au) 55 Numax Resources Inc. Bliss Lake area Comp, Pr, GL, Samp (Mine Centre Property) (Fe, Ni, Cu, Pd, Pd, Au) 56 Orebot Inc. Little Turtle Lake area Comp, Pr, Samp (Olive Property) (Au) 57 Pathfinder Gold Inc. Little Turtle Lake area Str, CC, GL, Pr, Samp (Turtle Tank Property) (Au) 58 Rainy River Resources Ltd. Richardson Township Intrepid Gold Zone DDH 110- (Rainy River Project) (Au, Ag) 29,359 m, GL, Samp 59 Treasury Metals Inc. Boyer Lake area DDH 9-1,386 m, GL, CC, Samp (Goldcliff Property) (Au) 60 Treasury Metals Inc. Zealand Township Fold Zone DDH 12-4,117 m, Samp (Goliath Property) (Au) 61 United Reef Limited Kawashegamuk Lake area AEM, AM, GM (Santa Maria Property) (Au)

Economic Analysis Stage

Coventry Resources Inc. (4) continued work on the Cameron Lake gold project, located approximately 29 km southeast of the hamlet of Sioux Narrows. In 2012, Coventry Resources Inc. continued environmental baseline studies and initiated a regional till sampling program.

Coventry Resources Inc. also announced a positive Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) on the Cameron Lake deposit (Coventry Resources Inc., news release, January 15, 2013). A PEA is the first level of engineering study that is performed on a mineral deposit to determine its economic viability. The results presented in Table 3 were utilized in the PEA due to anticipated dilution in proposed mining methods. Based on this mineral resource estimate (see Table 3) the PEA indicating the conception open pit and underground mining methods will have a mine life of 10-years total (Coventry Resources Inc., news release, January 15, 2013).

Table 3. Mineral resource estimate of the Cameron Lake deposit used in preliminary economic assessment (cut-off grades: open pit and underground 1.0 g/t Au; Coventry Resources Inc., news release, January 15, 2013).

Resource Category Tonnes Average Grade (g/t Au) Gold (Ounces) Measured (M) 2 472 000 2.68 213 000 Indicated (I) 4 724 000 2.33 354 000 Resource Category Tonnes Average Grade (g/t Au) Gold (Ounces) Total ( M+ I ) 7 196 000 2.45 567 000 Inferred 12 226 000 2.11 829 000

8 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

Extent of staking in the Kenora District as of December 31, 2012 (bedrock geology from OGS 2011). OGS from geology (bedrock 2012 31, December of as District Kenora the in staking of Extent Figure 1.

Figure 1. Extent of staking in the Kenora District as of December 31, 2012 (bedrock geology from OGS 2011).

9 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

In 2013, Coventry Resources Inc. plans to initiate the permitting and approvals process for developing the Cameron Lake deposit. This will include submitting a Project Description to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (Coventry Resources Inc., news release, January 15, 2013).

Rainy River Resources Ltd. (5) continued an aggressive exploration program at the Rainy River gold project in Richardson Township, approximately 55 km northwest of Fort Frances. These efforts continue to expand the mineral resources of the Rainy River deposit and included exploration for additional mineralized areas adjacent to the known gold zones on the property.

Rainy River Resources Ltd. announced an updated mineral resource estimate on the Rainy River gold-silver deposit in 2012 (Table 5). This revised estimate upgraded the 2011 resource values (Table 4). The estimates presented in the tables are combined values for both the underground and open-pit resources.

Table 4. Historical mineral resource estimate of the Rainy River Resources Ltd. Rainy River deposit (cut-off grades: open pit 0.35 g/t Au and underground 2.50 g/t Au) (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, June 29, 2011).

Resource Category Tonnes Au (g/t) Au (ounces) Ag (g/t) Ag (ounces) Combined Measured and Indicated 117 462 000 1.17 4 407 356 2.42 9 125 358 Combined Inferred 77 442 000 0.94 2 329 796 2.83 7 037 595

The data for the upgraded mineral resources estimate presented in Table 5 were derived from 1424 diamond drill holes, totalling approximately 657 000 m. This diamond drilling was completed by Nuinsco Resources Inc. (1994 to 2004) and Rainy River Resources Ltd. (September 2005 to June 2012) (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, October 10, 2012).

Table 5. Revised mineral resource estimate of the Rainy River Resources Ltd. Rainy River deposit (cut-off grades: open pit 0.35 g/t Au and underground 2.50 g/t Au) (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, October 10, 2012).

Resource Category Tonnes Au (g/t) Au (ounces) Ag (g/t) Ag (ounces) Combined Measured and Indicated 158 523 000 2.21 6 167 000 2.62 13 338 000 Combined Inferred 93 805 000 0.75 2 280 000 2.32 6 984 000

In 2012, Rainy River Resources Ltd. generated an updated PEA of the Rainy River deposit (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, August 29, 2012), revising the 2011 PEA. Based on this mineral resource estimate (Table 6) the PEA indicated the conceptual open pit and underground mining methods will have a 17-year total life (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, August 29, 2012).

Table 6. Mineral resource estimate of the Rainy River deposit used in PEA (cut-off grades: open pit 0.30 g/t Au and underground 2.50 g/t Au) (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, February 24, 2012).

Resource Category Tonnes Au (g/t) Au (ounces) Ag (g/t) Ag (ounces) In pit – measured and indicated 135 932 000 1.12 4 923 000 2.33 10 164 000 In pit – inferred 22 679 000 0.93 675 000 2.18 1 588 000 Out of pit – indicated 11 476 000 0.81 298 000 3.37 1 242 000 Out of pit – inferred 64 437 000 0.67 1 387 000 2.35 4 871 000 Underground – measured and indicated 3 448 000 4.53 500 000 5.48 670 000 Underground – inferred 1 376 000 4.14 183 000 7.03 311 000 Combined measured and indicated 150 856 000 1.18 5 722 000 2.48 12 013 000 Combined inferred 88 492 000 0.79 2.245 000 2.38 6 770 000

In 2012, Rainy River Resources Ltd. completed 241 diamond drill holes, totalling approximately 102 898 m, which targeted the gold-bearing zones located within and adjacent to the conceptual pit boundary (Table 7 and Figure 2). On July 19, 2012, Rainy River Resources Ltd. received the final assay results from diamond drill holes which were designed to upgrade Inferred Resources to the Measured Resource and Indicated Resource categories. Drill hole

10 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

NR121256 intersected 1.1 g/t Au and 5.1 g/t Ag over 9.0 m at a vertical depth of 734 m, and 1.9 g/t Au and 7.5 g/t Ag over 3.8 m at a vertical depth of 744 m within the CAP Zone. In addition, drill hole NR121256 intersected 34.8 g/t Au 6.9 g/t Ag over 1.5 m at a vertical depth of 971 m and 1.2 g/t Au and 6.7 g/t Ag over 10.5 m at a vertical depth of 995 m within the ODM (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, July 19, 2012).

Table 7. Summary of the 2012 diamond drilling program, Rainy River gold project, Rainy River Resources Ltd.

Area or Gold Zone Number of Holes Metres Gold zones within conceptual open-pit boundary 147 67 297 ODM/17 zone beneath conceptual open-pit boundary 20 14 212 Geotechnical 17 6 689 Regional targets 35 10 066 Large-diameter core 22 4 635 Condemnation 153 30 363 Total 294 133 262

Diamond drill hole NR11944E, which tested the mineral potential north of the ODM gold zone, intersected a 17.0 m interval grading 119.8 g/t Ag and 0.20 g/t Au. Drill-hole NR12188, which also targeted this silver-bearing zone, intersected 110.1 g/t Ag and 0.20 g/t Au over 15.0 m (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, May 29, 2012). The Silver Zone is situated adjacent to the northeast portion of ODM gold zone (see Figure 2). The mineral resource estimate presented in Table 8 of the Silver Zone is based on intersections from the systematic drilling program targeting the Rainy River gold-bearing zones.

Table 8. Mineral resource estimate of the Rainy River Resources Ltd. Silver Zone (cut-off grades: open pit 0.35 g/t Au) (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, February 24, 2012).

Resource Category Tonnes Au (g/t) Au (ounces) Ag (g/t) Ag (ounces) Open Pit indicated 126 000 0.23 3 180 48.07 654 790

Rainy River Resources and six First Nation communities, including Naicatchewenin First Nation, Rainy River First Nations, Mitaanjigamiing First Nation, Couchiching First Nation, Lac La Croix First Nation and Seine River First Nation signed a Participation Agreement (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, April 3, 2012). Rainy River Resources Ltd. mentions the Participation Agreement, also known as an Impact and Benefits Agreement, “identifies key project milestones and ways to work together with the First Nations, as the Company (Rainy River Resources Ltd.) initiates mine environmental assessment and permitting in 2012” (ibid).

In May 2012, Rainy River Resources Ltd. commenced the Rainy River deposit mine Environmental Assessment process with both the Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency. The MOE Notice of Submission and Terms of Reference required Rainy River Resources Ltd. to enter into a:

Voluntary Agreement with the Ontario Ministry of the Environment to subject the Rainy River gold project to the Environmental Assessment Act. The first step in the process is the preparation and approval of a Terms of Reference. …the proposed Terms of Reference will provide the framework and requirement for the preparation of the environmental assessment. This Provincial Environmental Assessment process is one of two environmental assessment processes required for approval of the Rainy River Gold Project. A Federal environment assessment is required pursuant to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (Chronicle Journal, newspaper article, October 24, 2012). The Terms of Reference were made available for public comment on October 26, 2012. The Notice of Submission and Terms of Reference indicated that written comments about the proposed Terms of Reference was to be received before November 28, 2012 (Chronicle Journal, newspaper article, October 24, 2012).

11 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

Figure 2. Location of conceptual open-pit boundary in relation to the known gold zones and anomalous areas on a portion of the Rainy River gold project, Rainy River Resources Ltd. (Locations from www.rainyriverresources.com.)

Rainy River Resources Ltd. continued a socioeconomic sensitivity analysis and an environmental baseline study that were initiated in 2008. In 2012, Rainy River Resources Ltd. initiated other activities which were designed to: ..further engineering and related test work, which informed the updated PEA and is contributing to the elements that will support a feasibility study on the RRGP [“Rainy River gold project”]. Specific activities conducted during the quarter include metallurgical testing and flow sheet design, investigation of proposed sites for mine facilities, and the geotechnical evaluation of open pit slopes and underground stoping areas. The feasibility study is expected to be completed in the first half of 2013.” (Rainy River Resources Ltd., Management’s Discussion and Analysis, November 8, 2012). A condemnation diamond drilling program was initiated in 2012 to support infrastructure development. The area situated north of the conceptual open pit boundary was tested with 153 drill holes, totalling 30 363 m (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, July 19, 2012). In support of infrastructure development plans, all historical diamond drill core and drill racks situated on the exploration office grounds were moved to an area located 4.3 km east of the Rainy River deposit.

Treasury Metals Inc. (6) continued work on the Goliath gold project, which is located in Zealand Township approximately 20 km east of Dryden. A majority of the efforts in 2012 targeted the mineral potential of the Thunder Lake gold-silver deposit.

In 2012, Treasury Metals Inc. announced an updated preliminary economic assessment (PEA) of the Goliath gold project (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, July 19, 2012) as a revision to the 2010 PEA. Based on the mineral resource estimate (Table 9) the PEA indicates the conceptual open pit and underground mine will have in total a 10.3 year life (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, July 19, 2012).

12 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

Table 9. Mineral resource estimate of the Treasury Metals Inc. Thunder Lake gold deposit (cut-off grades: surface 0.5 g/t Au and underground 1.5 g/t Au) (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, November 9, 2011).

Zone Tonnes Au (g/t) Au (ounces) Ag (g/t) Ag (ounces) Indicated: Surface 6 002 000 1.8 326 000 7.1 1 257 000 Underground 3 136 000 4.3 433 000 18.0 1 812 000 Total Indicated 9 140 000 2.6 760 000 10.4 3 070 000 Inferred: Surface 11 093 000 1.0 352 000 3.3 1 184 000 Underground 4 789 000 3.3 514 000 5.2 807 000 Total Inferred 15 900 000 1.7 870 000 3.9 1 990 000

The Thunder Lake gold deposit mainly comprises the Main, Footwall C and Hanging Wall zones. These zones have historically been identified in the Western, Central and Eastern areas. Roy et al. (2010) stated: “The mineralized zones are tabular composite units defined on the basis of anomalous to strongly elevated gold concentration, increasing sulphide content and distinctive altered rock units [that] are concordant to the local stratigraphy”.

In 2012, a diamond drilling program was designed to test the mineral potential of the C zone situated in the Eastern part of the Thunder Lake deposit. Historical diamond drill hole TL164, which targeted the mineral potential of the Main zone and was completed by Teck Resources Limited in 1990, was deepened by Treasury Metals Inc. in 2012. A 17.1 m interval, which intersected the C zone at depth, graded 5.9 g/t Au, including a 5.2 m section which returned 18.6 g/t Au (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, December 11, 2012). Based on this result, Treasury Metals Inc. conducted a review of historical diamond drill holes. The company stated that “as many as 80 previously drilled holes throughout the Main Zone (primarily drilled by Teck) have probably been cut-off before intercepting the C Zone” (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, December 11, 2012). Additional diamond drilling is planned to test this part of the Thunder Lake deposit.

Metallurgical testing was completed on the 398.5 kg sample that was selected to represent the mineralized zones of the Thunder Lake deposit. The sample, collected in 2012, consisted of 163 pieces of half-cut diamond drill core. Preliminary results indicated that 93% to 98% of the gold can be recovered using a combination of gravity concentration followed by Carbon-in-Leach processing of the gravity concentrate. Composites of these representative samples graded between 0.4 g/t Au and 15.4 g/t Au. The master composite was composed of a specific mass from each of the 163 samples and had a measured gold feed grade of approximately 2.2 g/t Au (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, September 17, 2012).

In 2012, Treasury Metals Inc. initiated the permitting and approvals process for developing the Thunder Lake deposit. A Project Description (PD) was submitted and accepted by the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA). Treasury Metals Inc. stated that the Project Description “officially begins the legislated period for the completion of the Environmental Assessment (EA) by CEAA” (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, December 3, 2012). Based on the response by CEAA after reviewing the PD, Treasury Metals Inc. initiated an Environmental Assessment (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, January 21, 2013).

The environmental baseline study which was initiated by Treasury Metals Inc. on the Thunder Lake deposit in 2010, continued in 2012. Environmental baseline studies included wildlife, ecosystem, soil, vegetation, fish habitat, and sediment and water-quality surveys. This study is planned to continue in 2013 (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, December 3, 2012).

In 2013, Treasury Metals Inc. plans to continue their diamond drilling program with a majority of the drilling designed to upgrade Inferred Resources to the Measured Resource and Indicated Resource categories and to test the extension of gold-bearing zones at the Thunder Lake deposit.

13 KENORA DISTRICT—2012 ). ). OGS 2011

from District in 2012 (bedrock geology geology (bedrock 2012 in District

Location of Economic Analysis, Resource Delineation and quarrying activity conducted in the Kenora the in conducted activity quarrying and Delineation Resource Analysis, Economic of Location

Figure 3. Figure 3. Location of Economic Analysis, Resource Delineation and quarrying activity conducted in the Kenora District in 2012 (bedrock geology from OGS 2011).

14 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

Figure 3. Location of Economic Analysis, Resource Delineation and quarrying activity conducted in the Kenora District in 2012 (bedrock geology from OGS 2011) Resource Delineation Stage

Metalore Resources Limited (7) continued their exploration work on the East Cedartree gold property, located approximately 68 km southeast of Kenora. In 2012, Metalore Resources Limited announced a mineral resource estimate on the East Cedartree gold deposit (Table 10). This estimate is based on 61 diamond drill holes totalling 8332 m and approximately 3400 drill core assay results.

Table 10. Mineral resource estimate of the Metalore Resources Limited, East Cedartree gold deposit (cut-off grades: open pit 0.10 g/t Au, Metalore Resources Limited, news release, March 14, 2012).

Resource Category Tonnes Au (g/t) Au (ounces) Indicated 434 505 3.91 54 487 Inferred 294 155 3.21 30 416

MPH Ventures Ltd. (8) continued their exploration work on the Pidgeon molybdenum property, located approximately 39 km northeast of Dryden. In 2012, MPH Ventures Ltd. announced an updated mineral resource estimate on the Pidgeon molybdenum deposit (Table 11). This revised estimate upgraded the 2007 historical inferred resource value of 8.5 million tonnes grading 0.099% Mo (MPH Ventures Ltd., news release, December 27, 2007).

The historical resources estimate was based on 49 diamond drill holes totalling 11 476.09 m completed by various exploration companies between 1954 and 1981. An additional 47 drill-holes totalling 6 522.8 meters were completed by MPH Ventures Ltd. after acquiring the property in 2007. The data for the upgraded mineral resource estimate presented in Table 1 was derived from these drill programs (MPH Ventures Ltd., news release, December September 13, 2012).

Table 11. Revised mineral resource estimate of the MPH Ventures Ltd., Pidgeon molybdenum deposit (cut-off grades 0.04% Mo) (MPH Ventures Ltd., news release, September 13, 2012).

Resource Category Tonnes Mo (%) Mo (ponds) Indicated 2 660 000 0.117 6 856 000 Inferred 12 390 000 0.083 22 658 000

Q-Gold Resources Ltd. (9) continued work on the Mine Centre gold property, located approximately 55 km east of Fort Frances. The Phase II, 9-hole diamond drilling program, totalling 1 228 m, was designed to extend known gold mineralization associated with the Bonanza and Vowel quartz vein systems. The drilling program targeted the mineral potential of the quartz veins situated between surface and the 400 foot level at the historic Foley Gold deposit. Drill- hole QBV-12-23 which intersected a 3.10 m interval of the Vowel quartz vein returned 12.76 g/t Au, including a 1.05 m section grading 33.28 g/t Au (Q-Gold Resources Ltd., news release, October 18, 2012). A Phase III drilling program is planned to test the mineral potential between the 400- and 850-foot levels. Exploration Activity Stage

Bayfield Ventures Limited (15) continued work on the Burns Block gold property located in Richardson Township approximately 55 km northwest of Fort Frances. The Burns Block property is situated adjacent to the eastern boundary of Rainy River Resources Ltd.’s Rainy River gold-silver deposit. In 2012, a 35-hole diamond drilling program continued to systematically evaluate the precious metal mineral potential of the property based on results of the 2011 exploration program.

Diamond drill hole RR12-5, collared in early February, 2012 in the southeastern part of the property, intersected 19.5 m grading 3.46 g/t Au and 8.93 g/t Ag, including a 3.0 m interval which returned 13.94 g/t Au and 16.70 g/t Ag (Bayfield Ventures Limited, news release, March 28, 2012). A majority of the diamond drill holes completed in the 2012 program were designed to define the mineralized trend associated with the newly discovered East Burns–Intrepid zone.

15 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

Based on the results from 29 diamond drill holes targeting the East Burns–Intrepid zone, Bayfield Ventures Corp. stated that, ‟The mineralized envelope at the East Burns is characterized by well-defined 10 to +25 metre down-hole intersections of multi-gram gold-silver mineralization surrounded by a relatively narrow halo of gram to sub-gram mineralization” (Bayfield Ventures Limited, news release, November 20, 2012). Bayfield Ventures Corp. also indicated that, “While the dimensions and plan-section geometry suggests that the plunge of the East Burns–Intrepid zone is approximately 60 to 70 degrees to the SW, logging details indicate that focusing of the relatively late Au-Ag mineralization into the highly altered dacite host rock is related to the interactions of complex folding, faulting and fracturing” (Bayfield Ventures Limited, news release, November 20, 2012).

Drill-hole RR12-34, collared approximately 80 m west of hole RR12-5, was designed to test the southwesterly plunge of the East Burns–Intrepid zone. It intersected 26.5 m grading 8.82 g/t Au and 39.44 g/t Ag, including a 11.6 m interval which returned 17.04 g/t Au and 79.07 g/t Ag (Bayfield Ventures Limited, news release, November 20, 2012). Bayfield Ventures Corp. stated that, “the mineralized zone in hole RR12-34 is associated with discontinuous dark red-brown sphalerite matrix breccia veinlets and rare quartz-carbonate-galena-chalcopyrite veinlet swarms with accompanying visible gold and silver smears and crack fillings” (Bayfield Ventures Limited, news release, November 20, 2012).

Diamond drilling efforts have traced the plan view extent of mineralization associated with East Burns–Intrepid zone approximately 350 m southwest of the eastern boundary of the Burns Block property. Bayfield Ventures Corp. has proposed that there is, “a trend of increasing grade and thickness of the southwest-plunging precious and base metal mineralized shoot” (Bayfield Ventures Limited, news release, November 20, 2012). The mineral potential related to the entire Burns Block property and especially the East Burns–Intrepid zone will be the target of exploration activity in 2013.

Goldeye Explorations Limited (35) initiated work on the Gold Rock gold property, located in the Upper Manitou Lake area, approximately 38 km south of Dryden. The six-hole, 765 m, diamond drilling program tested the Cedar Pond, Redden Trenches and Double Lake mineral potential areas. Drill hole G12-04, which tested the Cedar Pond area, intersected 0.62 g/t Au over 1.7 m (Goldeye Explorations Limited, news release, January 7, 2013). This mineralized interval is associated with sulphide-bearing quartz veins situated adjacent to felsic intrusive rocks. Drill-hole G12-05 tested the Redden Trenches which are located 1.5 km northeast of the Cedar Pond area. A 0.6 m interval of brecciated quartz veins within altered volcanic rocks returned 3.61 g/t Au (Goldeye Explorations Limited, news release, January 7, 2013). Based on the successful results from this drilling program, additional work is planned.

16 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

OGS 2011). from

Exploration activity conducted in the Kenora District in 2011 (bedrock geology (bedrock 2011 in District Kenora the in conducted activity Figure 4. Exploration

Figure 4. Exploration activity conducted in the Kenora District in 2011 (bedrock geology from OGS 2011).

17 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

Manitou Gold Inc. continued work on several of its gold properties located in the Upper and Lower Manitou lakes area. These properties, illustrated in Figure 5, are located 40 to 60 km south of Dryden. Prospecting and lithogeochemical sampling programs were conducted on all properties. Diamond drilling programs continued on several of these gold properties.

Figure 5. Location of gold properties in the Upper and Lower Manitou lakes area (modified from Manitou Gold Inc., www.manitougold.com/properties.html).

Elora Patents Property (43): Manitou Gold Inc. completed the acquisition of the patented land holdings and initiated an exploration program targeting the mineral potential of the property. The Elora Patents are located in the Upper Manitou Lake area and are situated between the Canamerica and Kenwest properties (see Figure 5). The historic Jubilee and Laurentian gold prospects are situated on the Elora Patents property. In total, 37 diamond drill holes from a previous diamond drilling program, undertaken in 2004, were re-logged and sampled. The sampling program confirmed the previous assay results and also identified silver potential. As part of this sampling program, a 6.8 m interval from drill hole E-04-17 returned 5.48 g/t Au and 8.66 g/t Ag (Manitou Gold Inc., news release, July 12, 2012). Assay results from the 2004 diamond drilling program did not include silver values. Based on these anomalous silver values, Manitou Gold Inc. plans to assay all samples for their silver content.

Manitou Gold inc. initiated an overburden stripping program on selected areas near the Laurentian gold prospect. A total of 127 grab samples were collected from 14 exposures. Assay results ranged from nil to 329 g/t Au (Manitou Gold Inc., news release, November 29, 2012). A diamond drilling program is planned to follow-up on these results.

Gaffney Extension Property (44): Manitou Gold Inc. continued work targeting the gold potential of the property, which is located in the Lower Manitou Lake area (see Figure 5). Previous work identified gold-bearing zones located beneath the waters of Lower Manitou Lake. The barge-supported, 17-hole drilling program tested the mineral potential of an area situated east of Manitou Island and the historic Gaffney shaft (Figure 6). A majority of

18 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

the holes completed in 2012 were oriented in the same direction as the 2011 drilling program. Drill hole G-12-32 completed during this phase of the program intersected 66.0 m grading 1.5 g/t Au (Manitou Gold Inc., news release, November 1, 2012). The final four holes (numbered G-12-43, 44, 45 and 46) of the 2012 drilling program were oriented perpendicular to the trend of previous drill holes and were designed to target the gold potential associated with felsic intrusive rocks trending southward from the Gaffney shaft (see Figure 5). Drill hole G-12-43, completed during this phase of the program, intersected 16 m grading 2.0 g/t Au (Manitou Gold Inc., news release, December 6, 2012).

Manitou Gold Inc. reported that, “This newly identified gold-bearing QFP Dyke presents a very exciting exploration target. The body appears to be 6 to 10 metres wide and contains several metres of mineralized altered diorite along the contacts … We certainly view this discovery as an important step in the ongoing process of understanding this complex, unexplored area” (Manitou Gold Inc., news release, December 6, 2012).

Figure 6. Location of drill holes for part of the Manitou Gold Inc. Gaffney Extension property (modified from Manitou Gold Inc., www.manitougold.com/gaffney.html).

Kenwest Property (45): Manitou Gold Inc. continued their exploration program on the Kenwest property, located near the northeastern portion of Upper Manitou Lake (see Figure 5). Exploration activity conducted by Manitou Gold Inc. since 2009 was designed to examine the mineralization associated with two parallel high-strain zones known as Shear #1 and #2 at the past-producing Big Master Mine (Figure 7). Manitou Gold Inc. mentioned that “…gold mineralization has been identified within two parallel shear zones spaced only 40 m apart. The two geological structures display shearing, strong alteration, quartz veining and gold mineralization” (Manitou Gold Inc., news release, February 28, 2011).

In 2012, a diamond drilling program was designed to test the mineral potential associated with the two shear zones

19 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

beneath a part of the property which could only be accessible during winter conditions. This area, situated between the North and South trenches (see Figure 7), was tested with nine drill holes totalling 2225 m. A 5.4 m interval of drill core which cut the #2 Shear in hole KW-12-91 returned 2.2 g/t Au and a 5.4 m interval of the same structure in drill hole KW-12-92 graded 2.0 g/t Au. The #1 Shear intersected in drill hole KW-12-98 returned 5.6 g/t over 3.5 m (Manitou Gold Inc., news release, May 8, 2012).

Figure 7. Area associated with the shear structures on the Manitou Gold Inc. Kenwest property tested by 2012 diamond drilling program (modified from www.manitougold.com/kenwest.html).

Sherridon Property (47): Manitou Gold Inc. resumed work on the Sherridon property, located approximately 58 km south of Dryden and situated 12 km east of Lower Manitou Lake (see Figure 5). Prospecting efforts completed by Manitou Gold Inc. in 2010 identified numerous exposures of sulphide-bearing zones. Assay results of grab samples collected from these zones ranged from trace to 617 g/t Au (Manitou Gold Inc., news release, April 19, 2010). In 2012, a 7-hole diamond drilling program tested mineral potential areas identified from the sampling program. A 4.1 m interval from drill hole SH-12-24 returned 4.7 g/t Au. The inclination of this drill hole was -45º. A 5.4 m interval from drill hole SH-12-25 contained over 40 flakes of visible gold and graded 15.4 g/t Au. This drill-hole was collared from the same drill setup as hole SH-12-24, but was inclined at -65º (Manitou Gold Inc., news release, May 22, 2012). Based on the results from this drilling program additional work is planned.

Mineral Mountain Resources Ltd. (52) continued the process of assembling a significant land holding in the Straw Lake area in 2012. The Straw Lake project, which includes several properties and numerous historic mineral occurrences, is located approximately 62 km north of Fort Frances. In 2012, only the historic Straw Lake gold occurrence received work. A 3-hole, 882 m diamond drilling program targeted the mineral potential of this part of the property.

In 2012, Mineral Mountain Resources Ltd. divested several of their land holdings in the Straw Lake area. The Straw Beach property was returned to the optionor (Mineral Mountain Resources Ltd., new release, February 7, 2012).

20 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

The Pine Centre property was optioned by Duncastle Cold Corporation (Duncastle Cold Corporation., news release, November 13, 2012).

Rainy River Resources Ltd. (58) initiated work on a part of the Rainy River property located approximately 1 km east of the Rainy River gold-silver deposit. In 2012, 110 diamond drill holes, totalling approximately 29 359 m, tested an area adjacent to the eastern boundary of Bayfield Ventures Corp.’s Burns Block Patent property. These properties are located in Richardson Township, approximately 55 km northwest of Fort Frances.

Drill-hole NR121258, the initial hole of this diamond drilling program, intersected 2.2 g/t Au and 38.5 g/t Ag over 18.5 m, including a 3.0 m interval grading 6.0 g/t Au and 83.9 g/t Ag (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, October 22, 2012). Rainy River Resources Ltd. mentioned that, “the new zone was discovered after Mobile Metal Ion (MMI) geochemistry identified areas of anomalous gold over the prominent magnetic low trend that hosts the majority of the Rainy River Gold Project’s deposits” (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, October 22, 2012).

The drilling program completed in 2012 was designed to test the extension of this new Intrepid Zone. Drill hole NR12442, which tested the eastern part of the Intrepid Zone, intersected 1.9 g/t Au and 23.4 g/t Ag over 57.0 m (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, December 5, 2012). Rainy River Resources Ltd. commented that this intersection represents, “the widest intersection to date … with grade and thickness increasing as drills move eastward.” (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, December 5, 2012). Based on the results of this drilling program the company indicated the Intrepid Zone, “has a 335-metre strike length and measures 450 metres down- dip” (Rainy River Resources Ltd., news release, December 5, 2012). Additional work is planned for this part of the Rainy River property.

Treasury Metals Inc. (59) continued work on the Goldcliff gold project, which is located in the Upper Manitou Lake area, approximately 42 km south of Dryden. In 2010, a preliminary grab sampling program returned values ranging up to 106.4 g/t Au (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, March 31, 2011). Based on this sampling program, three areas on the property were selected for additional work in 2012. The overburden was removed and exposures were channel-cut, sampled and mapped. Treasury Metals Inc. initiated a 9-hole diamond drilling program designed to evaluate mineral potential of these three areas. A 3.1 m interval in drill hole GC-12-01, which tested the Goldcliff area, returned 0.38 g/t Au. Drill-hole GC12-03, which tested the Angee area, intersected 4.0 m grading 332.0 g/t Au, including a 0.8 m interval which returned 1763.0 g/t Au (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, November 26, 2012). The Angee area is located approximately 1.2 km north-northwest of the Goldcliff exposure. Treasury Metals Inc. commented about the mineralized interval in drill-hole GC-12-03. “Coarse visible gold is associated with the mineral galena in a narrow quartz veinlet that is hosted within a siliceous felsic rock at the contact it makes with a brecciated basalt” (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, November 26, 2012). Additional work is planned for the property.

Treasury Metals Inc. (60) targeted several areas on the Goliath property with diamond drilling programs in 2012. The Goliath gold project is located in Zealand Township approximately 20 km east of Dryden. A review of the responses identified by an airborne electromagnetic and magnetometer survey suggested targets northeast of the Thunder Lake deposit. This helicopter-supported geophysical survey, which tested a regional fold structure on this part of the Goliath property, was completed by Treasury Metals Inc. in 2011. A 12-hole diamond drilling program, totalling 4 117 m, tested this Fold Zone, located approximately 3.1 km northeast of the Thunder Lake deposit. Several massive sulphides zones were intersected in this drilling program but samples from these intervals did not return many anomalous gold values (R. Krocker, Treasury Metals Inc, personal communication, February 7, 2013). Drill hole TL12-247 intersected 1.5 m grading 6.0 g/t Au and a 3.0 m interval in drill-hole TL12-245 returned 2.27 g/t Au (Treasury Metals Inc., news release, August 22, 2012).

21 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

KENORA DISTRICT STAFF AND ACTIVITIES

The Kenora office was staffed by C. Ravnaas, P.Geo., District Geologist; J. Bongfeldt, District Geological Assistant; and M. Amell, summer student assistant (Summer Experience Program).

Kenora staff attended the following conferences and symposia:

• Staff presented a poster and oral presentation highlighting activities in the Kenora District at the Northwestern Ontario Mines and Minerals Symposium held in Thunder Bay in April; • J. Bongfeldt attended the RGP meeting in Sudbury in May and delivered a short synopsis of exploration activity in the Kenora District; • Staff presented a poster highlighting metal producers and significant exploration activity in Northwestern Ontario at the Manitoba Mining and Minerals Convention held in Winnipeg, Manitoba in November.

Kenora staff attended the following Mining Act Modernization (MAM) sessions: • C. Ravnaas attended Mining Lands update and workshop on MAM held in Dryden on January 18. Updates were presented on Phase 2 and Phase 3 – workshops were on electronic claim acquisition and other Mining Act changes; • Kenora staff attended the MAM update in March which was presented to representatives from Treaty #3 First Nation communities. This session, present by Mining Lands staff, was held in Kenora; • J. Bongfeldt attended the MAM information session to mineral exploration clients by Mining Lands staff in April. This update was held in Dryden; • Kenora staff attended a meeting in May with the Northern Development Kenora Team where the Thunder Bay based Mines Group staff presented an update on MAM and presented an overview of advanced exploration projects in northwestern Ontario; • C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt attended the “New Rules and New Tools for Early Exploration in Ontario” in regard to regulation changes with Mining Lands plans and permits. This session, held in Dryden on October 25, was delivered to mineral exploration clients. Kenora staff attended and contributed to the following First Nation (FN) Mineral Exploration and Development workshops:

• Nigigoonsiminikaaning First Nation community session Mineral Exploration and Development workshop on August 01; • Grassy Narrows First Nation community session Mineral Exploration and Development workshop on August 14; • Couchiching First Nation community session Mineral Exploration and Development workshop on August 15; • Mitaanjigaaming First Nation community session Mineral Exploration and Development workshop on September 10; • Whitefish Bay First Nation community session Mineral Exploration and Development workshop on October 17; • Wabigoon Lake First Nation community session Mineral Exploration and Development workshop on November 12; J. Bongfeldt continued inquiries related to the Aboriginal Relations Unit Quarterly Report to 23 FN communities.

Presentations delivered by Kenora staff:

• C. Ravnaas presented the Mineral Development Sequence overview of mineral potential area and provided an update on mineral exploration activity to Sioux Lookout Economic Development staff in February;

22 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

• Kenora staff delivered a presentation on mineral exploration activity and proposed mine development to the City of Kenora Economic Development Team in September. Tours delivered by Kenora staff:

• Kenora staff facilitated a tour and examination of numerous exposures in July with Coventry Resources director Tony Goddard, exploration geologists and staff at their newly optioned West Cedartree Gold project. The lithology, structure and mineralization were discussed at the McLennan, Angel Hill, Robertson, Dogpaw Lake and Dubenski gold zones. • Kenora staff facilitated a geological tour, which was delivered by Treasury Metals Inc. staff on the Goliath Gold property – Thunder Lake deposit and Fold Zone. This tour was delivered to 65 participants on August 9; it was part of the Mineral Exploration Information Session held in Dryden. • C. Ravnaas facilitated a tour of bedrock exposures at the St. Anthony gold deposit with Pacific Iron Ore Corporation staff during their promotion of property to Osisko Mining Corporation geologist. The Dawson White and Bucksaw gold occurrences were also examined during this visit in October. Exploration Information Session

• Kenora staff hosted a Mineral Exploration Information Session to 115 participants in Dryden on August 8. The intent was to provide an opportunity for company geologists, Kenora District prospectors, municipal economic development officers, First Nation participants, and MNDM representatives to network and discuss exploration programs; • The follow presentations were delivered at the Mineral Exploration Information Session: Craig Ravnaas, Kenora District Geologist: Overview of exploration activity in 2011–12; Joanne Bongfeldt, Kenora Geological Assistant: History of gold exploration and production; Andrew Tims, Rainy River Resources Senior Project Geologist: Update on exploration activity and development plans for the Rainy River Gold project. In 2012, 30 property visits were conducted by Kenora District Office staff (Table 12; Figure 8). Kenora District Office staff responded to approximately 1297 telephone inquires and facilitated 427 office visits by exploration clients. In total, 43 Mineral Deposit Inventory records were updated. PROPERTY EXAMINATIONS

All Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) co-ordinates are in North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), Zone 15. Analytical results presented in tables and text, unless indicated otherwise, were processed through the Geoscience Laboratories (Geo Labs), Ontario Geological Survey, in Sudbury.

Table 12. Property and field examinations conducted by the Kenora District Geologist in 2012. Locations are keyed to Figure 8.

Number Client – Occurrence 1 Bayfield Ventures Ltd. – Burns Block Au-Ag prospect 2 Bayfield Ventures Ltd. – B Block Au occurrence 3 Bayfield Ventures Ltd. – Far East – Intrepid Au-Ag prospect 4 Bending Lake Iron Ore Corp. – Bending - Josephine Cone Fe deposit 5 Champion Bear Resources Ltd. – Campbell Cu-Ni-PGE prospect 6 Champion Bear Resources Ltd. – Plomp Farm Au prospect 7 Coventry Resources Limited – Angel Hill Au deposit 8 Coventry Resources Limited – Dogpaw Au deposit 9 Coventry Resources Limited – Dubenski Au prospect 10 Coventry Resources Limited – McLennan Au prospect 11 Coventry Resources Limited – Robertson Au prospect

23 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

Number Client – Occurrence 12 Crestwell Resources Limited – Main - Zone 1 Au prospect 13 Crestwell Resources Limited – Red Pine - Cedar Trench Au occurrence 14 Healey, D. – Centre Fire Au occurrence 15 Healey, D. – Red Hat Au occurrence 16 King, J. – Menary Au occurrence 17 Manitou Gold Inc. – Gaffney Extension Au prospect 18 Manitou Gold Inc. – Mosher Bay Au prospect 19 Manitou Gold Inc. – Sherridon Au prospect 20 Mega Graphite Corp. – Treelined Lake graphite prospect 21 MetalCORP limited – North Rock East Cu-PGE prospect 22 Pacific Iron Ore Corporation – Bucksaw Au occurrence 23 Pacific Iron Ore Corporation – Dawson White Au prospect 24 Pacific Iron Ore Corporation – St. Anthony Au deposit 25 Rainy River Resources Ltd. – Richardson Township Au-Ag deposit 26 Staff examination – Bunny Lake exposures 27 Taylor, A. – Muriel Lake pegmatite exposures 28 Treasury Metals Inc. – Fold zone Au occurrence 29 Treasury Metals Inc. – Goldcliff Au occurrence 30 Treasury Metals Inc. – Thunder Lake Au deposit Lithogeochemical Sampling of the Neepawa Island Exposures

The Minnitaki gold property hosts the Neepawa Island exposures, located in Drayton Township, approximately 12 km south of the town of Sioux Lookout (Figure 9). Neepawa Island is underlain by mafic metavolcanic, felsic intrusive and metasedimentary rocks (Johnston 1972).

The east-trending Neepawa Island structural corridor (NSC) is a prominent feature on the property. Wetherup (2007) stated:

The dominant foliations mapped trend 050 to 065° and 080 to 100° with vertical to steeply north dips. The 050 to 065° trend is parallel to the main deformation zone [NSC] while the 080 to 100° trend represents a subsidiary trend. In 2006, Ginguro Explorations Inc. initiated exploration work on the Minnitaki property. A majority of efforts conducted on Neepawa Island targeted the mineral potential associated with quartz veins. The quartz veins have orientations parallel to the dominant foliations, but also trend 115° and 160° (Wetherup 2007).

In 2007, Ginguro Explorations Inc. conducted a mechanical removal of overburden program which targeted 13 areas on Neepawa Island. These exposures were pressure-washed, channel-cut, mapped and sampled. Two of these areas, exposures C and D (Figure 10), are associated with historical mineral occurrences. Channel-cut and grab samples from these zones returned up to 117.73 g/t Au (Ginguro Explorations Inc., press release, January 28, 2008). Samples collected from sulphide-bearing rocks, commonly situated adjacent to quartz veins, returned values up to 117.73 g/t Au (Wetherup 2007).

Based on this sampling program, Ginguro Explorations Inc. identified two styles of mineralization on the Neepawa Island exposures (Ginguro Explorations Inc., press release, January 28, 2008):

..shear zones up to 25 metres wide, hosting quartz veins ranging from small stringers to veins 20 cm in width and up to tens of metres in strike length; and extensive areas of tensional style quartz veining with associated pervasive hydrothermal alteration.

24 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

District in 2012 (bedrock geology from OGS 2011). Locations listed in Table 12. Table in listed Locations 2011). OGS from geology (bedrock 2012 in District

Property visits and field examinations conducted in the Kenora the in conducted examinations field and visits Property Figure 8.

Figure 8. Property visits and field examinations conducted in the Kenora District in 2012 (bedrock geology from OGS 2011). Locations listed in Table 12.

25 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

Figure 9. Geology and location of Neepawa Island (modified from Johnston 1967).

In 2008, a 12-hole diamond drilling program targeted several potentially mineralized areas associated with the 13 exposures (Ginguro Exploration Inc., press release, January 20, 2009). A majority of the drill holes were oriented southward. These drill holes were designed to test the depth extension of quartz veins trending parallel to the dominant foliation. Figure 10 illustrates the location of the drill holes completed during this program which targeted the area near exposures C and D on Neepawa Island. Drill hole MN-04 intersected 0.58 m grading 4.04 g/t Au. A 1.55 m interval in drill hole MN-07 returned 5.11 g/t Au (Ginguro Exploration Inc., press release, January 20, 2009). These drill core samples were collected from mafic metavolcanic rocks which contained disseminated pyrite and quartz veins (Proudfoot 2008).

Two diamond drill holes completed during this program were oriented southwesterly (see Figure 10). These drill holes were designed to test the mineral potential of sulphide-bearing mafic metavolcanic rocks in exposures C and D. Drill hole MN-06 intersected a 1.86 m interval which returned 8.12 g/t Au; Ginguro Exploration Inc. stated that, “hole MN- 06 intersected a silicified and finely pyritized amygdaloidal basalt unit“ and also proposed that, “this unit may represent a possible host for stratabound gold mineralization” (Ginguro Exploration Inc., press release, January 20, 2009).

The purpose of the lithogeochemical sampling program undertaken by Kenora district staff was to confirm if gold mineralization is associated with pyrite-bearing rocks. This sampling was also designed to investigate the possibility of a lithological association between sulphides and gold mineralization.

A sampling program was designed to collect representative material from all rock types at these exposures. The different types of alteration and unique sulphide-bearing zones were also sampled. All samples, except grab sample NI-31, were collected from channel cuts which were sawn by Kenora District staff. Table 13 presents rock descriptions and analytical values of 31 samples collected from exposures in Area C and D (see Figures 11 and 12).

The quartz veins at both exposures cut all rock types. Sites were selected in order to collect samples from sections of the prominent quartz veins located in each lithological unit. Representative rocks from these units situated

26 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt adjacent to the quartz vein sample sites were also collected. Attempts were made to select sample sites within these lithological units which did not contain quartz vein material. The percentage of calcite and sulphide content presented in Table 13 was estimated from examination of slab-cut samples.

Figure 10. Location of Areas C and D and selected diamond drill holes on Neepawa Island.

Table 13. Rock types, calcite and sulphide content and gold values of samples collected from the Neepawa Island areas C and D (District Geologist Files, Kenora District, Kenora).

Area Sample No. Rock Type Cal Sul Au (%) (%) (g/t) C NI-01 quartz vein 1 1 0.22 C NI-02 agglomerate 2 1 0.08 C NI-03 quartz vein 3 2 0.29 C NI-04 mixed agglomerate and mafic flow 5 1 1.60 C NI-05 quartz vein 10 1 0.75 C NI-06 mafic flow 10 2 0.26 C NI-07 quartz vein 10 10 75.50 C NI-08 mafic flow 20 20 12.00 C NI-09 quartz vein 5 1 0.06 C NI-10 pillow flow 20 1 0.18 C NI-11 mafic 7 5 0.03 C NI-12 mafic 10 15 0.21 C NI-13 mafic 30 1 0.04

27 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

Area Sample No. Rock Type Cal Sul Au (%) (%) (g/t) C NI-14 mafic 15 7 1.71 D NI-15 mafic 5 3 0.39 D NI-16 mafic 2 3 0.37 D NI-17 mafic 1 5 0.68 D NI-18 mafic 1 7 6.87 D NI-19 mafic 1 3 0.36 D NI-20 quartz vein 2 1 0.01 D NI-21 quartz vein 5 1 1.38 D NI-22 quartz vein 3 3 26.60 D NI-23 mafic 2 2 0.01 D NI-24 mafic 1 3 0.02 D NI-25 mafic 2 2 0.01 D NI-26 mafic 1 3 0.01 D NI-27 mafic 1 2 0.01 D NI-28 quartz vein 5 2 0.13 D NI-29 quartz vein 2 2 0.37 D NI-30 quartz vein 1 5 4.20 D NI-31 mixed quartz vein and mafic flow 5 30 38.60 Cal, calcite; Sul, sulphide; %, percentage; g/t, grams per tonne; bold font, values exceeding 0.5 g/t Au

In Area C (see Figure 11), a trenching program was completed in 1950 and targeted quartz veins and sulphide- bearing mafic metavolcanic rocks. Grab samples collected from this excavation returned values up to 3.7 g/t Au (assessment files, Kenora District Office, , Central Manitoba Mines Ltd., 52G13NW0010 and 0029 ). Pillowed flows and mafic flows are located south of this excavation. The excavation is underlain by mafic flows and this rock type is also located north of the trench. The boundary between the mafic flows and pyroclastic rocks north of excavation is difficult to distinguish. Based on lithological succession in the Area C exposure there appears to be a northeasterly younging direction. This younging direction is also supported by a general northerly decrease in fragment size within the pyroclastic rocks at this exposure. The quartz veins in this exposure, which cut all rocks types, mainly trend 115°and 160°.

Area D, which is located approximately 225 m east-southeast of exposure C (see Figure 10), is mainly underlain by mafic flows. The location of the lithological boundaries and younging direction in the Area D exposure are difficult to ascertain due to limited extent of exposure and overburden. The quartz veins in this exposure, similar to Area C, mainly trend 115° and 160° (Figure 12). The widest quartz vein present in both exposures is located in Area D.

Samples with values exceeding 0.50 g/t gold were collected from sites at both exposures which are underlain by mafic flows (see Table 13). A majority of the samples collected from quartz veins in these parts of the exposure also returned anomalous gold values. The presence of sulphides in the samples did not correlate to higher gold values except for NI-31, containing 30% pyrite, which returned 38.6 g/t Au.

A unique feature in Area D is the increased amount of iron carbonate within the mafic metavolcanic rocks, especially in the southeastern part of exposure. Samples NI-17 and NI-18, which were collected from this part of the exposure, returned values exceeding 0.5 g/t Au (see Table 13). These sites, including sample NI-16, which returned 0.36 g/t Au, are not adjacent to quartz veins. There is a westerly increase in sulphide content in this part of the exposure based on examination of slab-cut samples. Quartz vein sample NI-22, also located in the part of the exposure, returned 26.60 g/t Au (see Figure 12 and Table 13).

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on thin sections from two samples at the Geo Labs using a Zeiss EVO-50 SEM equipped with a thin window energy dispersive spectrometer in order to analyze gold and pyrite phases

28 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

Figure 11. Geology and location of sample sites at the Area C exposure.

29 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

Figure 12. Geology and location of sample sites at the Area D exposure.

30 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt associated with mineralization. Thin sections were created from parts of samples NI-08 and NI-31. These samples were selected based on their highly anomalous gold values (see Table 13). Figures13 and 15 illustrate the location of thin sections which were analysed by SEM; Figures 14 and 16 illustrate the photomicrograph images.

The groundmass in mafic flow sample NI-08 is dominated by pyrite, chlorite, ankerite with minor quartz and sericite. Gold grains occur within and along fractures in pyrite grains and also occurs along boundaries of pyrite grains (see Figure 14).

The groundmass in mafic flow sample NI-31 is dominated by euhedral grains of pyrite, albite, ankerite, chlorite with minor quartz and sericite. Veins filled with quartz and ankerite cut groundmass. Gold grains occur within pyrite grains (see Figure 16).

Based on the SEM analysis of these mafic flow samples, gold has a strong spatial relationship with pyrite. Not all pyrite grains within the samples have associated gold, however. Additional work is required to determine if there are multiple generations of sulphides.

The iron carbonate-altered mafic flows in the southeastern part of Area D exposure have a unique quartz-pyrite association. Samples collected from this part of exposure also returned anomalous gold values (see Table 13). Based on examination of slab-cut samples, small (1 to 5 mm), irregular patches of alteration within these rocks are filled with variable amounts of quartz and pyrite. From this mineral association, it is inferred that silicification of the host rocks was concomitant with sulphidation. Additional studies will have to be conducted to determine if this event is related to the same silica-rich fluids which resulted in formation of the quartz veins.

Based on the results of the sampling program completed by Kenora District staff, it can be inferred that gold mineralization is confined to specific rock types. Additional work is required to identify parts of the mafic flows and quartz veins which could contain a higher tenor of gold mineralization. Additional sampling will also have to be completed to confirm the Ginguro Exploration Inc. theory of a stratabound gold-mineralizing event.

Figure 13. Thin section photomicrograph of sample NI-08 and location of Figure 14.

31 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

Figure 14. SEM photomicrograph of pyrite grain with abundant gold mineralization and gangue grains, sample NI-08, exposure C. Au, gold; carb, carbonate; chl, chlorite; py, pyrite; qtz, quartz.

Figure 15. Thin section photomicrograph of sample NI-31 and location Figure 16.

32 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

Figure 16. SEM photomicrograph of pyrite grain with abundant gold mineralization and gangue grains, sample NI-31, exposure D. Au, gold; carb, carbonate; chl, chlorite; py, pyrite; qtz, quartz.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXPLORATION Gold-Sulphide Association and Pre-Orogenic Model for Mineralization

Research was conducted by the Kenora Resident Geologist office on three gold deposits in the southwestern part of the western Wabigoon Subprovince (Figure 17). The deposits were selected based on their similarly unique style of gold mineralization, but situated in different geological settings: a) the Angel Hill Gold Zone (AHGZ) deposit is hosted in mafic intrusive rocks (Secord 2011); b) the Cameron Lake deposit is hosted in mafic volcanic rocks (Melling, Taylor and Watkinson 1988); and c) the Rainy River deposit is hosted in sedimentary and pyroclastic rocks (Wartman 2011).

Gold-pyrite association at deposits

Stable isotope geochemistry of gold-bearing rocks from the deposits indicates the initial precipitation of gold is closely linked to a specific generation of pyrite. Gold may occur along pyrite grain boundaries, within individual grains and along intergranular fractures in pyrite (Wyman, Kerrich and Fryer 1986). The studies on these three deposits suggest that not all pyrite is associated with gold, and that there may be multiple generations of pyrite.

A common feature of the three deposits is that a specific silica-dominated quartz event(s) is related to the precipitation of gold and could also be linked to the formation of sulphide minerals. Secord (2011) indicated at the AHGZ deposit “two generations of quartz were observed associated with gold mineralization” and proposed the formation of sulphides, including pyrite, occurred contemporaneously with the initial silica event. Secord (2011) also mentioned “brecciation of pyrite grains and influx of carbonate suggest that pyrite mineralization occurred

33 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

relatively early in the paragenesis of the gold zone”.

At the Cameron Lake deposit a strong association exists between sulphide minerals and gold mineralization: gold occurs as inclusions within fractures of sulphide grains, annealed along grain boundaries and as coatings on pyrite grains. Gold can also be found interstitial to pyrite grains and as free grains within quartz adjacent to pyrite (Melling 1988). Melling, Taylor and Watkinson (1988) also mentioned that at the Cameron Lake deposit “the breccia veins are a fundamental local control on the distribution of sulphide minerals and gold”. Melling (1989) proposed that the breccia veins were the first generation of quartz veins.

Schandl (2006) suggested that the Rainy River deposit “gold and electrum occur as inclusions in pyrite, disseminated in sphalerite, in carbonates (ankerite) and in fine-grained silicate”. Schandl (2006) also indicated the mineralizing event “represented by the auriferous pyrite was probably contemporaneous with early silica and sericite alteration in the metasedimentary rock, and silica and clinozoisite alteration of the feldspars in the metavolcanic rocks”. Wartman (2011) proposed the initial emplacement of sulphides including pyrite occurred with the early stage hydrothermal event.

Alteration related to Gold-pyrite mineralization

Ball (2012) indicates at the Cameron Lake deposit “the alteration zonation associated with the deposit represents the replacement of iron- and magnesium-rich mineral assemblages that dominate the mafic host lithologies in the main part of the orebody with carbonate-rich minerals more distal to mineralization, becoming more potassium-rich proximal to mineralization. Sulphide in the form of pyrite is associated with gold, with higher pyrite content being associated with higher gold grades”.

Cole et al. (2011) indicated “gold mineralization at the Rainy River gold project is associated with strong sodium depletion, potassium enrichment, aluminous alteration, a strong gold-pyrite association, ubiquitous sphalerite, chalcopyrite and manganiferous garnet (spessartine) and a very high ratio of silver to gold”.

Figure 17. Locations of Angel Hill Gold Zone, Cameron Lake and Rainy River deposits (modified after Blackburn 1978).

34 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

Pre-orogenic atypical greenstone belt gold model

The paragenetic sequence relative to gold deposition interpreted for the three gold deposits is atypical of common greenstone hosted gold deposits. Groves et al. (2003) mention “these types of [atypical] deposits form prior to the major phase(s) of orogenesis, involving compressional to transpressional deformation, regional metamorphism, and postvolcanic granitoid magmatism during which the orogenic gold deposits form”. Robert and Poulson (2001), Groves et al. (2003), Robert, Brommecker, Bourne et al. (2007) provide detailed descriptions of the geological setting of atypical greenstone hosted gold deposits and their affiliation with orogenic settings.

A pre-orogenic depositional environment must have had original permeability in the rocks and some structural deformation for the percolation of fluids. Stratabound permeability would be relatively high in fragmental rock units as opposed to massive flows. Wartman (2011) noted that in the Rainy River deposits “zones of higher permeability (i.e. flow tops and breccia related to dacitic lava flows) and areas of intense deformation have elevated gold values, up to 10 000 times greater than gold values in surrounding rocks”.

Support evidence at deposits for early Au-pyrite hydrothermal events

There is the possibility of pre-orogenic mineralizing events, commonly related to atypical greenstone belt gold model, existing at the three gold deposits.

At the AHGZ deposit Secord (2011) mentioned “brecciation of pyrite grains and influx of carbonate suggest that pyrite mineralization occurred relatively early in the paragenesis of the gold zone and that deformation and fluid influx continued after their formation, suggesting multiple phases of deformation and fluid influx”.

Ball (2012) has proposed at the Cameron Lake deposit “pyrite comprising the disseminated sulphide replacement mineralization is commonly deformed and foliated. Given this, the mineralization is clearly overprinted by deformation”. Ball (2012) also mentions “the mineralization and alteration at the Cameron gold deposit predates, and has been affected by regional deformation”. Based on the paragenesis of gold mineralization Ball (2012) has proposed “the bulk of the mineralization comprising the Cameron Lake deposit can be regarded as being part of the atypical greenstone family”.

Hardie et al. (2012) mention gold mineralization at the Rainy River deposit is “interpreted as a hybrid deposit-type consisting of early gold-rich volcanogenic sulphide mineralization overprinted by shear-hosted mesothermal gold mineralization”. Gold-rich volcanogenic sulphide mineralizing events have geological setting analogous to the pre- orogenic atypical greenstone belt gold model (Robert, Brommecker, Bourne et al. 2007). Hardie et al. (2012) also mentions the “presence of isoclinal folding of the [pyrite-sphalerite-chalcopyrite-galena stringer] veinlets gives the mineralization a relative timing of pre- to syndeformational”.

Recommendation

A key to success when examining the mineral potential is to understand and detect the different types of gold mineralizing events. Most gold occurrences consist of a single style of mineralization but Robert, Brommecker, Bourne et al. (2007) indicates at several deposits that “the diversity of styles of mineralization, wall-rock alteration assemblages, and overprinting relationships require more than one episode of gold mineralization and more than one ore-forming process”.

The composition of the of the host rocks is important to the formation of sulphides. At the Cameron Lake gold zones Melling, Taylor and Watkinson (1988) noted “magnetite, although an abundant accessory mineral in the host rock of the deposit, is rarely present within the altered gold-bearing zones … the fluid-wall rock reactions which led to gold deposition involved sulfidization of the Fe-bearing mineral, especially magnetite”. Sulphide-bearing rocks which are overprinted by quartz veins could have a pyrite-gold association. Scanning electron microscope analysis of gold-bearing rocks is a good method to determine if there is a gold-sulphide association.

Pre-orogenic atypical greenstone belt gold mineralization is nonetheless difficult to recognize due to the overprinting effects of subsequent orogenic-related metamorphism, deformation and alteration. Secord (2011) mentions stable

35 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

isotope geochemistry is used “to investigate if the texturally distinct sulphide minerals and fluid phases represented separate isotopically distinct generations and to gain insight into the relationship between mineralizing fluids and ore forming minerals”. Oxygen isotope compositions of hydrothermal minerals can provide information on the temperature of mineralization and the source of ore-forming fluids. Sulphur isotope compositions can yield constraints on the source rocks from which these fluids were derived (McCuaig and Kerrich 1998). OGS ACTIVITIES AND RESEARCH BY OTHERS

Three Ontario Geological Survey (OGS) Precambrain Geoscience Section field projects were conducted in the Kenora District in 2012. Figure 18 illustrates the location of these projects. A. G.P. Beakhouse, Precambrian Geoscience Section, OGS, as part of the western Wabigoon Subprovince Synthesis project, conducted a study of the geology in the Sioux Lookout greenstone belt ; and B. M. Duguet and G.P. Beakhouse, Precambrian Geoscience Section, OGS, conducted a study of the metamorphism in the Western Wabigoon Subprovince: insights from the Bending Lake area; and C. D. Lewis and S.L. Kamo and Lodge, R.W.D, Precambrian Geoscience Section, OGS, presented new geochemical and geochronologic results from the Rowan Lake area.

REGIONAL LAND USE GEOLOGIST ACTIVITIES

The activities of the Land Use Geologist are described in “Regional Land Use Geologist Activities” in the Red Lake District report of this volume. FIRST NATIONS MINERALS INFORMATION OFFICER— NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO

The activities of the First Nations Minerals Information Officer are described in “First Nations Minerals Information Officer—Northwestern Ontario” in the Red Lake District report of this volume. MINERAL DEPOSIT COMPILATION GEOLOGIST—NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO

The activities of the Mineral Deposit Compilation Geologist are described in “Mineral Deposit Compilation Geologist—Northwestern Ontario” the Red Lake District report of this volume. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

M.C. Smyk and A. Lichtblau edited this manuscript, and staff of the Publication Services Section prepared it for publication. Prospectors and company personnel are also thanked for their contributions and assistance throughout the year.

36 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

Location of Precambrian Geoscience section projects conducted in the Kenora District in 2012 (bedrock geology from OGS 2011). OGS from geology (bedrock 2012 in District Kenora the in conducted projects section Geoscience Precambrian of Location

Figure 18.

Figure 18. Location of Precambrian Geoscience section projects conducted in the Kenora District in 2012 (bedrock geology from OGS 2011).

37 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

Table 14. Mineral deposits not being mined in the Kenora District as of Nov 2012. Locations illustrated in Figure 19.

Abbreviations AF ...... Assessment Files MLS ...... Mining Lands, Sudbury CMH...... Canadian Mines Handbook MR ...... Mining Recorder GR ...... Geological Report NM ...... The Northern Miner MDC...... Mineral Deposit Circular [No.1–] OFR ...... Open File Report [formerly Mineral Resources Circular, No.1–14] PC ...... Personal Communication MDIR ...... Mineral Deposit Inventory record SMDR ...... Source Mineral Deposit Record RoA ...... Report of Activities

No. Deposit Name Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates Reserve References Status (NTS – MDI #) and/or Dimensions (as of Jan 2013) 1 Angel Hill Zone Au Angel Hill Zone Inferred Resource: Houston Lake Mining, Active (52F/05SW - 140) 106 400 t @ 2.97 g/t Au press release, Oct. 20, 2005

2 Bad Vermilion Fe, Ti, V Resource: 1.2 Mt at 15% TiO2 and 45% Fe. NM 08/15/85, p.3 Active Lake–Seine Bay Potential for 177 800 t of titanium sponge (Beaver Energy (52C/10NW - 031) Resource) 3 Bending Lake Fe 245.5 Mt @ 28.19% Fe Bending Lake Ore Active Josephine Cone Corporation, personal (52F/08SE - 004) Mineral resource (% magnetite) communication, 2012 Indicated: 185.2 Mt @ 29.59% Inferred: 151.4 Mt @ 30.38%

4 Big Master Au, Ag Production: 2565 oz Au and 184 oz Ag from Beard and Garratt, Active (52F/07NE - 002) 14 470 tons 1976 - p.9 Based on 1967 drilling: 30 000 tons @ 0.36 opt Au CMH, 1988–1989, Old workings: p.92 (Canamerica 19 000 tons @ 0.30 opt Au Precious Metals Inc.) Resource (proven and probable): 123 000 tons @ 0.30 opt Au 5 Big Whopper Li, Cs, Rb, Preliminary resource estimated @ CMH, 2000–2001,p.45 Active (52L/07SE - 030) Ta 11.6 Mt averaging 1.34% Li2O and 0.30% Rb2O (Avalon Ventures Ltd.) 6 Cameron Lake Au Measured: 2.472 Mt @ 2.68 g/t Au Coventry Resources, Active (52F/05SE - 008) Indicated: 4.724 Mt @ 2.33 g/t Au press release, Inferred: 12.226 Mt @ 2.11 g/t Au Nov. 9, 2011 Total: 19.422 Mt @ 2.24 g/t Au 7 Cates Zn, Ag Zone: 2700 m by 12 m by 60 m AF 52F/13SE Active (52F/13SE - 065) Reserves: 5.83 Mt @ 0.5% Zn and M-1 to M-6 (Noranda) 0.5 opt Ag AF 52F/13SE B-1 to B-6 (Rio Algom) 8 Cedar Island and Au Indicated: 1 Mt @ 4.18 g/t Au Everton Resources Active Extension Inferred: 3.050 Mt @ 3.25 g/t Au Inc., press release, (52E/10SW - 017) (Mineral resource estimate Feb. 4, 2010 cut-off grade 1.0 g/t Au) 9 Dobie Cu-Ni Resource: 5.0 Mt @ 0.28% Cu and AF 52C/12NW Inactive (52C/12NW - 011) 0.24% Ni B-3 10 Dogpaw No.1 Au Resource for Dogpaw No.1 vein: Houston Lake Mining Active (52F/05SW - 012) 59 239 tons @ 0.45 opt Au Inc., press release, Dec. 9, 2008

38 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

No. Deposit Name Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates Reserve References Status (NTS – MDI #) and/or Dimensions (as of Jan 2013) 11 Dubenski Au Resource for Shaft Zone Houston Lake Mining Active (52F/05SW - 013) Indicated: 551 000 t @ 3.53 g/t Au Inc., press release, Inferred: 22 000 t @ 2.57 g/t Au Nov. 5, 2009 12 Duport Au Production: 4672 oz Au, 1143 oz Ag from Beard and Garratt, Active (52E/11SE - 002) 1287 tons 1976 - p.11

Indicated: 424 000 t @ 13.4 g/t Au Halo Resources Ltd., Inferred: 387 000 t @ 10.7 g/t Au press release, Aug. 19, 2005 13 East Cedartree au Resources cut-off 1.0 g/t Au Metalore Resources Active (52F05SW – 142) Indicated: 434 505 t @ 3.91 g/t Au Ltd., press release, Inferred: 294 155 t @ 3.21 g/t Au March 14 2012. 14 Elora Au Production: 1370 oz Au and 296 oz Ag Beard and Garratt, Active (52F/07NE - 015) from 13 766 tons 1976 - p.15

Resource: Neilson and Bray, Probable: 228 500 tons @ 0.18 opt Au 1981 - p.37, Table 8 Estimated: 5000 tons @ 0.10 opt Au 15 F-Group Cu, Zn, Pb, Original Reserves (Dec. 1978): CMH 1979–1980, Inactive - (52G/14SE - 004) Ag 630 000 t @ 8.10% Zn, 0.98% Cu, p.194 (Noranda) Rehabilitated 0.49% Pb, 1.80 opt Ag Reserves (Dec. 1982): CMH 1982–1983, 200 000 t @ 8.20% Zn, 0.80% Cu, p.254 (Noranda) 0.60% Pb, 1.80 opt Ag 16 Foley Mine Au Production: Beard and Garratt, Active (52C/10NE - 032) 855 oz Au, 149 oz Ag from 568 tons 1976 - p.16

Reserves: NM 09/25/80 40 000 t @ 0.5 opt Au proven / probable and (Seaforth Mines Ltd.); 400 000 t @ 0.5 opt Au Schneiders and Dutka, 1985 - p.194 17 Goldlund Au Production: 111 891 t @ 0.15 opt Au (Dec. 84) AF 52F/16NW 081 Active (52F/16NW - 004) Reserves: cut-off 0.3 g/t Au Measured: 4 700 000 tonnes @ 1.74 g/t Au Tamaka Gold Corp., Indicated: 3 600 000 tonnes @ 1.42 g/t Au technical report, Apr. 20, 2009 Inferred: 25 500 000 tonnes @ 0.88 g/t Au 18 Gordon Lake Cu, Ni, PGE Production: 1.6 Mt @ 0.78% Ni, 0.41% Cu and Parker, 1998 - p.121 Inactive - (52L/07NW - 004) 0.026 opt Pd (Dec. 1971) Rehabilitated Reserves (1971): 170 420 tons @ 0.85% Ni and 0.35% Cu

19 High Lake- Mo, Au Resource: 200 000 t @ 0.63% MoS2, Davies and Smith, Inactive Evenlode possible 550 000 t estimated to a 1988 - p.114 (52E/11NE - 061) depth of 145 m 20 Kenbridge Ni, Cu Above 150 m level – Open Pit proposed Canadian Arrow Active (52F/05NE - 047) Measured & Indicated: 4.46 Mt @ 0.42% Ni, Mines Ltd., press 0.23% Cu release, Aug. 19, 2008 Below 150 m level – Underground proposed Measured: 206 000 t @ 0.85% Ni, 0.43% Cu Indicated: 2 469 000 t @ 0.97% Ni, 0.51% Cu Inferred: 118 000 t @ 1.38% Ni, 0.88% Cu

39 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

No. Deposit Name Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates Reserve References Status (NTS – MDI #) and/or Dimensions (as of Jan 2013) 21 Lockhart Lake Zn, Cu, Au, Resource: 6.1 Mt @ 1.06% Zn, AF Minnova 1989 - Inactive (52C/10NW - 033) Ag 0.27% Cu, 3.2 g/t Ag, 0.006 g/t Au 52C/10NE Y-6 22 Lyon Lake Cu, Zn, Pb, Original Reserves: 3.945 Mt @ 6.53% Zn, CMH 1979–1980, Inactive - (52G/15NW - 007) Ag 1.24% Cu, 0.63% Pb, 3.42 opt Ag and p.194 (Noranda) Rehabilitated 0.01 opt Au Reserves: 0.695 Mt of 10.34% Zn, CMH 1990–1991, 0.75% Cu, 1.62% Pb and 5.96 opt Ag p.332 (Noranda) 23 Marchington Road Cu, Zn, Pb, Resource: 150 000 tons @ 0.98% Cu, Umex Inc. Inactive (52J/07SE - 016) Ag 3.11% Zn, 1.16% Pb, 1.97 opt Ag AF 52J/7SW 0024 24 Mattabi Cu, Zn, Pb, Original Reserves: 13.66 Mt @ 7.50% Zn, Trowell, 1983 - p.4 Inactive - (52G/15SW - 002) Ag 0.80% Cu, 0.77% Pb and 3.10 opt Ag Rehabilitated Reserves: 0.387 Mt of 0.13% Cu, 9.28% Zn, CMH 1988–1989, 0.58% Pb and 1.77 opt Ag p.338 (Noranda)

25 Mavis Lake Li, Ta Resource: 500 000 tons of 1% LiO2 Storey, 1990 - p.151 Active (52F/15SE - 038) 26 Maybrun Cu, Au Production: 125 000 t at unknown grades MDIR K0203 Active (52F/05NE - 008) (Aug. 1973 to Dec. 1974)

Resource for the Maybrun Zones: Opawica Exploration Main Indicated: 7 366 000 t @ 0.41% Cu, Inc., press release, 0.64 g/t Au Jul. 16, 2009 Main Inferred: 1 738 000 t @ 0.30% Cu, 0.115 g/t Au Footwall Inferred: 5 400 000 t @ 0.18% Cu, 0.94 g/t Au North Inferred: 3 454 000 t @ 0.25% Cu, 0.67 g/t Au 27 McKenzie–Gray Au Resource: 98 701 tons @ 0.30 opt Au Nipigon Gold Active (52C10NE - 050) Resources Inc. Larouche, 1992 28 Mikado Au Indicated: 968 300 t @ 4.18 g/t Au Everton Resources Active (52E/10SW - 006) Inferred: 3 014 000 t @ 3.25 g/t Au Inc., press release, Cutoff 1.0 g/t Au Mar. 1, 2010 29 Norpax Ni, Cu 2002 drilling intersected 3.35 m of Atikwa Minerals, Active (52L/06NE - 016) 1.308 g/t PGE and 2.94% Cu, Ni press release, Aug. 28, 2003 Resource: 1 Mt @ 1.2% Ni, 0.5% Cu Norpax Nickel Mines Ltd., AF 30 North Fe Resource: 405 000 tons at 28% Fe in 4 zones Shklanka, 1968 - Active Kaskaweogama and a possible 50 Mt at unstated grade p.443 (52J/07NW - 016) 31 North Pines Pyrite Production: 500 000 t at 28% Fe (1909–1921) Johnston, 1972 - p.36 Inactive (52K/01SE - 005) 32 North Rock Cu Zone: 400 m × 30 m × 91 m Poulson,1984 - p.50 Active (52C/11NE - 029) Resource: 1.02 Mt @ 1.17 % Cu including 265 230 tons @ 2.08% Cu 33 Pidgeon Mo Resource cut-off grade 0.04% Mo: MPH Ventures Ltd., Active Molybdenum Indicated: 2.66 Mt @ 0.117% Mo press release, Sept 13 (52F/16NW - 043) 2012 Inferred: 12.39 Mt @ 0.084% Mo

40 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

No. Deposit Name Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates Reserve References Status (NTS – MDI #) and/or Dimensions (as of Jan 2013) 34 Purdex A-D Au Resource: 226 800 t grading between 8.57 and International Active (52E/11NE - 017) 10.28 g/t Au Millennium, 2006 technical report 35 Rainy River Au, Ag, PGE, Resource at 17, ODM, 433 and Cap zones Active Zones 17, 34 Cu, Ni until June 29, 2011: (52D/16SE - 004) Open Pit Category: cut-off 2.39 g/t Au Rainy River Resources Measured and Indicated: Ltd., press release, 139.82 Mt @ 1.15 g/t Au, 1.90 g/t Ag Oct. 10 2012 Inferred: 19.35 Mt @ 0.88 g/t Au, 1.40 g/t Ag

Outside Open Pit Category: cut-off 0.35 g/t Au

Indicated: 14.67 Mt @ 0.80 g/t Au, 3.84 g/t Ag Inferred: 73.56 Mt @ 0.68 g/t Au, 2.53 g/t Ag

Underground Category: cut-off 2.5 g/t Au Measured and Indicated: 4.24 Mt @ 4.50 g/t Au, 6.05 g/t Ag Inferred: 0.89 Mt @ 4.14 g/t Au, 4.63 g/t Ag

34 Nickel Zone: Rainy River Resources Resource: 57 000 t @ 1.4 g/t Au, 457 ppb Pt, Ltd., technical report, 1160 ppb Pd, 7562 ppm Ni, 4714 ppm Cu Jul. 10, 2009 36 Richard Lake U Zone: 213 m × 3 m × 300 m Pryslak, 1976 - p.46 Active (52F/13SW - 044) Resource: 650 000 tons of 0.10% U3O8 37 Scramble Au Zone: 366–457 m × 3.7 m wide zone NM 07/25/88 Inactive (52E/16SW - 091) @ 0.15 opt Au (Madeline Mines Ltd.) CIMM, Dist.4 Field Resource: 150 000 t @ 0.24 opt Au Trip Guidebook, p.44 drill estimated 70 000 oz @ 0.05 opt Au cut-off) 38 St. Anthony Au Production: 331 069 tons @ 0.19 opt Au Ferguson, Groen and Active (52J/02SE - 003) Resource: 37 800 tons @ 0.18 opt Au Haynes, 1971 - p.295 39 Sturgeon Lake Cu, Zn, Pb, Original Reserves (Dec. 1974): Trowell, 1983 - p.4 Inactive - (52G/15NW - 004) Ag 2.10 Mt @ 10.64% Zn, 2.98% Cu, Rehabilitated 1.47% Pb, 6.14 opt Ag, 0.021 opt Au

Reserves (Dec. 1978): CMH 1980–1981, 599 000 t @ 2.34% Cu, 8.98% Zn, 1.30% Pb, p.102 (Falconbridge) 5.17 opt Ag, 0.018 opt Au 40 Thunder Lake Au Bulk Sampling: 428 oz Au and Corona Gold 1999 Active (52 F/15SE - 053) 1161 oz Ag from 2365 t Annual Report;

Resources for Au zones at deposit Resource: Treasury (both surface and underground): Metals Inc., press Indicated: 9.14 Mt @ 2.6 g/t Au release, Nov. 9, 2011 Inferred: 15.9 Mt @ 1.7 g/t Au

41 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

No. Deposit Name Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates Reserve References Status (NTS – MDI #) and/or Dimensions (as of Jan 2013) 41 Vanlas Au Resource: 100 000 t @ 0.20 opt Au Power Expl. Inc. Active (52F/10NW - 032) AF 52F/10NW UU-1 42 Wendigo Au, Ag, Produced: 67 423 oz Au, 14 762 oz Ag and SMDR 001350 Inactive (52E/09NE - 003) Cu 1.89 million lbs of Cu from 20 054 t Vein 1: 110 m × 0.8 m × 230 m depth Davies and Smith, @ 0.33 opt Au (production vein) 1988 - p.352 Vein 2: 118 m × 0.6 m Vein 3: 180 m × 0.3 m Vein 4: unknown tailings: 61 970 t @ 0.027 opt Au 43 Werner Lake Co, Cu Proven Resource: 140 031 t Puget Ventures Inc., Active Cobalt @ 0.47% Co and 0.26% Cu press release, April 2, (52L/07NW - 003) Probable Reserves: 40 829 t 2009 @ 0.25% Co and 0.43% Cu Indicated Resource: 51 456 t @ 0.13% Co and 0.20% Cu Inferred Resources: 507 412 t @ 0.31% Co and 0.29% Cu Production: recovered 389 363 lbs of Co (1932, Thomson, Carlson and 1940–1944); grades 2% Co and 0.75% Cu Ferguson, 1954 - p.37 This table contains tonnage and grade estimates, referred to as “resource” (estimated, possible, proposed), that were determined at various times by methods largely unreported. The values of these resource estimates were calculated prior to the reporting standards required by National Instrument 43-101. Resources estimate values presented as measured, indicated or inferred are in compliance with the reporting standards required by National Instrument 43-101. Unit abbreviations used: lbs = pounds; Mt = million tonnes; opt = ounces per ton; oz = ounce(s); t = tonnes.

42 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

OGS 2011).

from

Location of mineral deposits not being mined in the Kenora District (bedrock geology (bedrock District Kenora the in mined being not deposits mineral of Location

Figure 19.

Figure 19. Location of mineral deposits not being mined in the Kenora District (bedrock geology from OGS 2011).

43 KENORA DISTRICT—2012

REFERENCES

Ball P. 2012. Independent Technical Report on the Cameron gold project; unpublished report, Coventry Resources Limited, 143p.

Beard, R.C. and Garratt, G.L. 1976. Gold deposits of the Kenora–Fort Frances area, districts of Kenora and Rainy River; Ontario Division of Mines, Mineral Deposit Circular 16, 46p.

Blackburn, C.E. 1978. Geological compilation, Kenora–Fort Frances; Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2243, scale 1:253 440.

Cole, D., El-Rassi, D., Runnels, D. and Couture, J. 2011. Mineral resource evaluation on the Rainy River gold project; unpublished report, Rainy River Resources Ltd., 164p. Davies, J.C. and Smith, P.M. 1988. The geological setting of gold occurrences in the Lake of the Woods area; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5695, 381p.

Ferguson, S.A., Groen, H.A., and Haynes, R. 1971. Gold Deposits of Ontario: Part I, Districts of Algoma, Cochrane, Kenora, Rainy River and Thunder Bay; Ontario Division of Mines, Mineral Resources Circular 13, 315p.

Groves D.I., Goldfarb R.J., Robert, F. and Hart C.J.R. 2003. Gold deposits in metamorphic belts: Overview of current understanding, outstanding problems, future research, and exploration significance; Society of Economic Geologist, Economic Geology, v.98, p.1–29.

Hardie, C., Runnels, D., Daniel. S., Ritchie D., Cole, D., El-Rassi, D. and Tolfree, D. 2012. Independent preliminary economic assessment update on the Rainy River gold property, Ontario, Canada; unpublished report, Rainy River Resources Limited., 430p. Johnston, F.J. 1967. Precambrian geology, of the Vermilion Lake sheet; Ontario Department of Mines, Map 2242, scale 1:31 680.

———1972. Geology of the Vermilion–Abram lakes area, District of Kenora; Ontario Division of Mines, Geological Report 101, 51p.

Larouche, C. 1992. Assessment report on the McKenzie-Gray gold property; Kenora District Geologist’s office, assessment file 52C10NE DDD-4, Nipigon Gold Resources Inc., 89p.

McCuaig, T.C. and Kerrich, R. 1998. P-T-t-deformation-fluid characteristics of lode gold deposits: evidence from alteration systematics; Journal for Comprehensive Studies of Ore Genesis and Ore Exploration in Ore Geology Reviews, v.12, p.381–453.

Melling, D.R. 1988. Geological setting structure and alteration associated with gold-pyrite mineralization in mafic volcanic rocks at Cameron Lake, Wabigoon Subprovince, Northwestern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5689, 112p.

Melling, D.R. 1989. Geological setting and distribution of gold mineralization in the Cameron–Rowan lakes area, District of Kenora, with emphasis on the Monte Cristo and Victor Island prospects, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5713, 119p.

Melling, D.R., Taylor, R.P., and Watkinson, D. H. 1988. Lithogeochemistry and light stable isotope (carbon, oxygen and sulphur) geochemistry of hydrothermal alteration and breccia veins from the Cameron Lake gold deposit, northwestern Ontario; Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 140, p. 239–251.

Neilson, J.N. and Bray, R.C.E. 1981. Feasibility of small scale gold mining in northwestern Ontario (parts of the districts of Kenora, Rainy River and southwestern Thunder Bay); Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5332, Volume 1–Text, 132p.

44 C. Ravnaas and J. Bongfeldt

Ontario Geological Survey 2003. 1:250 000 Scale Bedrock geology of Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Release—Data 126.

Parker, J.R. 1998. Geology of nickel-copper-chromite deposits and cobalt-copper deposits at Werner–Rex–Bug lakes, English River Subprovince, northwestern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5975, 178p.

Parr, M. and Kuehnbaum, R. 1990. The Scramble Mine gold deposit, Field Trip No.2; Canadian Institute Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Exploration and Mining Geology, 14th Annual Meeting, p.41–65.

Poulsen, K.H. 1984. The geological setting of mineralization in the Mine Centre–Fort Frances area, District of Rainy River; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5512, 50p.

Proudfoot M. 2008. Assessment report on the Drill Program–Minnitaki gold Property; Kenora District Geologist’s office, assessment file 52G13NW0044, Ginguro Exploration Inc.

Pryslak, A.P. 1976. Geology of the Bruin Lake–Edison Lake Area, District of Kenora; Ontario Division of Mines, Geological Report 130, 61p.

Robert, F. and Poulsen, K.H. 2001. Vein formation and deformation in Greenstone Gold deposits; Society of Economic Geologists, Reviews in Economic Geology 14, p.111–155.

Robert, F., Brommecker, R., Bourne, B.T., Dobak, P.J., McEwan, C.J., Rowe, R.J. and Zhou, X. 2007. Models and exploration methods for major gold deposit types, ore deposits and exploration technology; in Milkereit, B., ed., Proceedings of Exploration 07, p.691–711.

Robert, F., Poulsen, K.H., Cassidy, K.F. and Hodgson, C.J. 2005. Gold metallogeny of the Superior and Yilgarn Cratons; Society of Economic Geologist, Economic Geology, v.100, p.1001–1033.

Roy, W.D., Hannon, P.A., Thornton, E.W. and Trinder, I.D. 2010. Independent technical report and preliminary economic assessment on the Goliath gold project; unpublished report, Treasury Metals Inc., 417p.

Schandl, E.S. June 2006. Petrographic and mineralogical study of the Rainy River Au prospect, Ricardson TP., Ontario; prepared by Geoconsult, Toronto. Internal report for Rainy River Resources Ltd., 129p.

Schnieders, B.R. and Dutka, R.J. 1985. Property visits and reports of the Atikokan Economic Geologist, 1979–1983; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5539, 512p.

Secord S.R. 2011. Geochemistry and Au mineralization within the Kakagi–Rowan lakes Greenstone Belt: A study of the Angel Hill gold zone; unpublished MSc. thesis, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 111p.

Shklanka, R. 1968. Iron deposits of Ontario: Ontario Department of Mines, Mineral Resources Circular 11, 489p.

Storey, C.C. 1990. An evaluation of the industrial mineral potential of parts of the districts of Kenora and Rainy River; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5718, 259p.

Thomson, J.E., Carlson, H.D., Ferguson, S.A., Pye, E.G. and Savage, W.S. 1954. Copper, nickel, lead and zinc deposits in Ontario; Ontario Division of Mines, Mineral Resources Circular 1, 68p.

Trowell, N.F. 1983. Geology of the Sturgeon Lake area, districts of Thunder Bay and Kenora; Ontario Geological Survey, Geological Report 221, 97p.

Wartman, J.M. 2011. Physical volcanology and hydrothermal alteration of the Rainy River gold project, northwest Ontario; unpublished MSc. thesis, University of Minnesota, Ottawa, Ontario 154p.

Wetherup, S. 2007. Independent technical report on the Minnitaki gold property; unpublished report, Ginguro Exploration Inc., 36p.

Wyman, D.A., Kerrich, R. and Fryer, B.J. 1986. Gold mineralization overprinting iron formation at the Agnico– Eagle Deposit, mineralogical, microstructural and geochemical evidence; in Proceedings of Gold ’86, an International Symposium on the Geology of Gold, Toronto, 1986, p.118–123.

45 Metric Conversion Table

Conversion from SI to Imperial Conversion from Imperial to Sl

SI Unit Multiplied by Gives Imperial Unit Multiplied by Gives LENGTH 1 mm 0.039 37 inches 1 inch 25.4 mm 1 cm 0.393 70 inches 1 inch 2.54 cm 1 m 3.280 84 feet 1 foot 0.304 8 m 1 m 0.049 709 chains 1 chain 20.116 8 m 1 km 0.621 371 miles (statute) 1 mile (statute) 1.609 344 km AREA 1 cm2 0.155 0 square inches 1 square inch 6.451 6 cm2 1 m2 10.763 9 square feet 1 square foot 0.092 903 04 m2 1 km2 0.386 10 square miles 1 square mile 2.589 988 km2 1 ha 2.471 054 acres 1 acre 0.404 685 6 ha VOLUME 1 cm3 0.061 023 cubic inches 1 cubic inch 16.387 064 cm3 1 m3 35.314 7 cubic feet 1 cubic foot 0.028 316 85 m3 1 m3 1.307 951 cubic yards 1 cubic yard 0.764 554 86 m3 CAPACITY 1 L 1.759 755 pints 1 pint 0.568 261 L 1 L 0.879 877 quarts 1 quart 1.136 522 L 1 L 0.219 969 gallons 1 gallon 4.546 090 L MASS 1 g 0.035 273 962 ounces (avdp) 1 ounce (avdp) 28.349 523 g 1 g 0.032 150 747 ounces (troy) 1 ounce (troy) 31.103 476 8 g 1 kg 2.204 622 6 pounds (avdp) 1 pound (avdp) 0.453 592 37 kg 1 kg 0.001 102 3 tons (short) 1 ton(short) 907.184 74 kg 1 t 1.102 311 3 tons (short) 1 ton (short) 0.907 184 74 t 1 kg 0.000 984 21 tons (long) 1 ton (long) 1016.046 908 8 kg 1 t 0.984 206 5 tons (long) 1 ton (long) 1.016 046 9 t CONCENTRATION 1 g/t 0.029 166 6 ounce (troy) / 1 ounce (troy) / 34.285 714 2 g/t ton (short) ton (short) 1 g/t 0.583 333 33 pennyweights / 1 pennyweight / 1.714 285 7 g/t ton (short) ton (short) OTHER USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS Multiplied by 1 ounce (troy) per ton (short) 31.103 477 grams per ton (short) 1 gram per ton (short) 0.032 151 ounces (troy) per ton (short) 1 ounce (troy) per ton (short) 20.0 pennyweights per ton (short) 1 pennyweight per ton (short) 0.05 ounces (troy) per ton (short)

Note: Conversion factors in bold type are exact. The conversion factors have been taken from or have been derived from factors given in the Metric Practice Guide for the Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Industries, published by the Mining Association of Canada in co- operation with the Coal Association of Canada.

ISSN 1484-9445 (print) ISBN 978-1-4606-1391-7 (print) ISSN 1916-615X (online) ISBN 978-1-4606-1392-4 (PDF)