SPATIAL DATABASE DEVELOPMENT FOR URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEM USING GIS AND RS

1S.B. THORAT, 2P.B. TAMSEKAR, 3P.R. PATIL, 4P.P. JOSHI, 5A.A. RALEGAONKAR

1Director, SSBES’s, Institute of Technology & Management, Nanded-431602, MS, 2,3,4,5Department of Comp. Sci., SSBES’s, Institute of Technology & Management, Nanded-431602, MS, India E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract- GIS as a micro-level planning tool can be effectively integrated into the decision-making and planning process. With the help of GIS, both spatial and non-spatial data is accessible across all departments. Government departments are in constant need for spatial data for planning and implementation, and the use of geographic data undoubtedly is a vital asset for planning and decision making. To make GIS available in different stages of planning we need to develop the spatial database. In this study spatial database development process has explained. First of all need and different aspects of planning process have been discussed. In this research paper spatial database development and development of spatial maps of has been explained. To develop and design the spatial database and spatial maps ArcGIS 10.2 has been used. To carry out this study of state of India has been selected.

Keywords- GIS, Urban Planning Process, GIS and Planning Integration, Spatial database development

I. INTRODUCTION data can be stored and linked using the geospatial model. We can able to link or relate the other tabular Geographic Information System (GIS) is a Spatial databases or date from special surveys in GIS, which Information Science which is interdisciplinary leads to geographical information system to make subject. Today the GIS become the fastest growing effective planning decisions. [5, 6, 7]. sector of the computer science. GIS is becoming a multi-billion-dollar industry employing the hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. In general GIS provides facilities for data capture, data management, data manipulation and data analysis, and the presentation of reports or results in both graphical and statistic form. GIS were developed in the year late 1960s, but then also in the early days very few departments of planning using it because of the excessive price of hardware and the inadequate capabilities of the software. Many of today’s software systems focused on computer mapping with few analytical functions. The most powerful software at past time was grid Figure 1. GIS and Urban Planning based i.e. IMGRID [1]. The later on fall in the prices of hardware, computer storage, and peripherals, GIS as a micro-level planning tool can be effectively accompanying improvement in the performance of integrated into the decision-making and planning hardware and software, especially the processors process only if the data sharing, both spatial and non- speed and advances in the data structures and related spatial data is accessible across all departments. algorithms of vector-based GIS has made GIS more Government departments are in constant need for affordable. This will become less time consuming and spatial data for planning and implementation, and the more workable. In the early 1980s, there has been a use of geographic data undoubtedly is a vital asset for noticeable use of GIS at different levels and planning and decision making. departments of urban and regional governments in the GIS, which is a complete tool used to store maps of several developed countries, notably of Europe [2, 3] land use and plans, environmental data, and North America [4] With the further decrease in socioeconomic data and planning applications. Urban the price of computer hardware and software, the use planners and policy makers can able to extract several of GIS has emerged in urban planning in the different types of useful information from geospatial developing countries in the 1990s. database through spatial query. Mapping can be used There are some other information systems for urban to analyze and explore the distribution of planning, as like database management systems socioeconomic and environmental data and display (DBMS), decision support systems (DSS), and expert the desired results of geospatial analysis and systems. GIS will serves both as a database and a modeling. complete tool for urban planning as shown in Figure There are many benefits in using GIS in urban 1. In a database-oriented GIS, spatial and attribute planning include as follows:

Proceedings of ISER 43rd International Conference, Sydney, Australia, 5th -6th December 2016, ISBN: 978-93-86291-50-9 27 Spatial Database Development For Urban And Regional Planning Support System Using Gis And Rs 1.1 Improved mapping – better access to maps, Ardhapur, Bhokar, Nanded, Mudkhed, Umri, improved accuracy, effective thematic mapping and , Loha, Khairgaon, Biloli, , reduced storage cost and Deglur. 2.1 Efficiency in information retrieval 3.1 Faster and more extensive access to planning and DSS scenarios 4.1 Improved analysis 5.1 Well communication to the public and staff 6.1 Improved quality of services, for example speedy access to information for planning applications. The integration of GIS and remote sensing as well as other databases and models in the planning process or planning support system.  Resource inventory  Analysis of existing situations  Modeling and projection  Development of planning options  Selection of planning options  Plan implementation  Plan evaluation, monitoring, and feedback

II. PROPOSED WORK Fig. 2. Location of Study Area-Nanded District

The main purpose of this research work is to design III. METHODOLOGY FOR SPATIAL and develop the spatial database as well as digitized DATABASE DEVELOPMENT GIS maps for the spatial analysis. This spatial database and digitized maps are used for urban A spatial database infrastructure is developed with planning system. This study will explain that, the the help of key features of GIS i.e. point, line and effective planning Support system to help or assists to area (Polygon). In case of traditional database system Town Planners and City Surveyors as well as all attribute data is store and represented, which in case government bodies to take the decisions regarding of spatial database additional functionality needs to effective urban and regional development. This study be added for databases to process spatial data types. will also assist them for the planning of the several For the development of spatial database ArcGIS 10.2 geographical features of urban area such as has been used. All the features for Nanded district has transportation, water resource management, etc. of been created in ArcGIS 10.2. Each feature is the urban and regional area [8]. described with different layer with its spatial There is a lots of experimentations had been done on attributes [11]. Town Planning and City survey regarding Land In addition to the traditional operations of database Management, Water Supply Management and system spatial database will variety of advance Transport Management in the Government operations for the spatial representation of data. The department of various Countries. But still there is following query types and many more are supports: gaps are found and to overcome these gaps there is a  Spatial Measurements: Finds the distance need of improvement in various areas of Town between points, polygon area, etc. Planning and City Survey [9, 10]. The Geographic  Spatial Functions: Modify existing features Information System (GIS) and remote sensing will to create new ones, for example by providing a buffer provide the platform to integrate the geospatial data. around them, intersecting features, etc. In this study the geospatial database and digitized  Constructor Functions: Creates new features GIS maps will be developed. with an SQL query specifying the vertices (points of 2.1 Study area for this research (Nanded nodes) which can make up lines. If the first and last District) vertex of a line is identical the feature can also be of The district has an area of 10,502 km² while the type polygon (a closed line). according to 2011 census its population is 3,361,292  Observer Functions: Queries which return of which 27.19% were urban. The Godavari River specific information about a feature such as the flows through the district. location of the center of a circle, etc. The Nanded district is situated at about 18°.16' and 3.1 Spatial database for Nanded District 19°.55' North latitude and 77°.7' to 78°.15' east Following figure shows the structure of the spatial longitude, the area of Nanded district is about 10,502 database of the Nanded district. In this figure square kilometers. The district has sixteen Talukas. different attributes of Nanded district were covered They are: Mahoor, Kinwat, Himayatnagar, Hadgaon, and digitized in the form of GIS maps. There are

Proceedings of ISER 43rd International Conference, Sydney, Australia, 5th -6th December 2016, ISBN: 978-93-86291-50-9 28 Spatial Database Development For Urban And Regional Planning Support System Using Gis And Rs several information is integrated to design and  As the procedure mentioned above, we have develop this spatial database with digitized maps. digitized and designed different maps of Nanded district.

Fig. 3. Spatial database of Nanded District The above Fig.3 will shows the spatial database of Fig. 4. Map of Nanded District with different layers

Nanded district, in which several geospatial features All the spatial features drawn and extracted from of the district as like district administrative spatial database has shown in above Figure 6. In the boundaries including taluka and villages, rivers of the above figure district, State highways and district district, important locations in district, several water roads, Railways, Rivers and Places of Nanded bodies in district, road network of the district, talukas district, these layers are to be displayed. All above i.e. sub-districts with different information, villages layers are discussed below. with locations, etc. all these geospatial features are a) District: The vector map of the Nanded mapped in digitized GIS maps of the Nanded district. district will covers 10,502 km² areas and is extracted The process of digitizing data in the spatial database from spatial data base. Following are the only two has been carried out through following steps: tables shown, Table 1. will show the district  In order to display and analyze maps on the information whereas, Table 1. shows the district screen, a GIS system uses coordinate pairs which population statistics. Each layer discussed below specify the location and shape of the particular having such attribute table associated with it [12, 13]. feature. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection and World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS- Table 1. District Information 84) ellipsoid for Nanded district geospatial maps.  In the second step, we have to create spatial database table. In this table we also have to specify the fields of attribute table.  In the next step we have to perform the georeferencing of the spatial feature.  The third step is to georeference the vector Table 2. District Population Statistics maps, which will be used as base maps for digitization of the spatial data classes/regions. If the map is a chart/paper map, than we have to digitize it, and use it as base map image after completion of the georeferencing process.  After the digitization, vector map with spatial features will be created using available recourses.  The digitized maps / spatial features will be used for further processes like analysis, querying, updates, joining, etc.

Proceedings of ISER 43rd International Conference, Sydney, Australia, 5th -6th December 2016, ISBN: 978-93-86291-50-9 29 Spatial Database Development For Urban And Regional Planning Support System Using Gis And Rs ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors extend their profoundly sincere thank to all the authors/websites mentioned in references for their direct/indirect contribution to this paper since without their co-operation this paper would not have been completed.

REFERENCES

[1]. Sinton D F 1977. The user’s guide to IMGRID, an information manipulation system for grid cell structures. Cambridge (USA), Department of Landscape Architecture, Harvard University. [2]. Bardon K S, Elliott C J, Stothers N 1984 Computer applications in local authority planning departments 1984: a review. Birmingham, Department of Planning and Graph 1. Population Statistics Landscape, City of Birmingham Polytechnic. [3]. Campbell H J 1994 How effective are GIS in practice? A The Sex Ratio of Nanded district is 943 per 1000 case study of British local government. International Journal male as per the census of 2011. As per the report of of Geographical Information Systems 8: 309–25. [4]. French S P, Wiggins L L 1990 California planning agency 2011 census directorate the average national sex ratio experiences with automated mapping and geographic is 940. information systems. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 17: 441–50. CONCLUSIONS [5]. Hopkins L D 1977 Methods for generating land suitability maps: a comparative evaluation. Journal of the American Planning Association 44: 386–400. This research paper will focus of geographical [6]. McHarg I 1969 Design with nature. New York, Doubleday. information system of Nanded district, which can [7]. Steinitz C, Parker P, Jordan L 1976 Hand-drawn overlays: help for the planning and development of Nanded their history and prospective uses. Landscape Architecture 66: 444–55. district and its sub-district (taluka). In this paper [8]. Newton P W, Taylor M A P (eds) 1986 Microcomputers for development and representation of spatial database of local government planning and management. Melbourne, Nanded district is discussed. This paper can also be Hargreen. evaluate the current status of geospatial features of [9]. Buchanan, W. 1997. The impact of brownfield initiatives on real estate markets and redevelopment efforts, In: The Nanded district as like Road network, Rivers, Brownfield Book, Jenner & Block, Roy F. Weston, Inc. Railways, etc. Vernon Hills, Illinois. 111 p. [10]. Singh, R.R., 1999, Sketching the City: a GIS-based This spatial database is useful for the planning Approach. Environment and Planning B, 26(3), 455-468. [11]. Hiremath P. S., Kodge B.G., Mankari M. P., 2011. Extraction authorities of Nanded district for the planning and and Visualization of Geospatial data from Spatial Database: decision making process. Different departments of A Case Study, In: In: BIOINFO Systems governments can able to use this spatial database for Engineering,Volume 1, Issue 1, pp-06-10. their analysis as well as planning process. [12]. Nanded District website: http://nanded.nic.in/ [13]. Census of India: http://censusindia.gov.in/



Proceedings of ISER 43rd International Conference, Sydney, Australia, 5th -6th December 2016, ISBN: 978-93-86291-50-9 30