International Journal of Advances in Electronics and Computer Science, ISSN(p): 2394-2835 Volume-4, Issue-2, Feb.-2017 http://iraj.in SPATIAL DATABASE DEVELOPMENT FOR URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEM USING GIS AND RS
1S.B. THORAT, 2P.B. TAMSEKAR, 3P.R. PATIL, 4P.P. JOSHI, 5A.A. RALEGAONKAR
1Director, SSBES’s, Institute of Technology & Management, Nanded-431602, MS, India 2,3,4,5Department of Comp. Sci., SSBES’s, Institute of Technology & Management, Nanded-431602, MS, India E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract- GIS as a micro-level planning tool can be effectively integrated into the decision-making and planning process. With the help of GIS, both spatial and non-spatial data is accessible across all departments. Government departments are in constant need for spatial data for planning and implementation, and the use of geographic data undoubtedly is a vital asset for planning and decision making. To make GIS available in different stages of planning we need to develop the spatial database. In this study spatial database development process has explained. First of all need and different aspects of planning process have been discussed. In this research paper spatial database development and development of spatial maps of has been explained. To develop and design the spatial database and spatial maps ArcGIS 10.2 has been used. To carry out this study Nanded district of Maharashtra state of India has been selected.
Keywords- GIS, Urban Planning Process, GIS and Planning Integration, Spatial database development
I. INTRODUCTION 1. In a database-oriented GIS, spatial and attribute data can be stored and linked using the geospatial Geographic Information System (GIS) is a Spatial model. We can able to link or relate the other tabular Information Science which is interdisciplinary databases or date from special surveys in GIS, which subject. Today the GIS become the fastest growing leads to geographical information system to make sector of the computer science. GIS is becoming a effective planning decisions. [5, 6, 7]. multi-billion-dollar industry employing the hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. In general GIS provides facilities for data capture, data management, data manipulation and data analysis, and the presentation of reports or results in both graphical and statistic form. GIS were developed in the year late 1960s, but then also in the early days very few departments of planning using it because of the excessive price of hardware and the inadequate capabilities of the software. Many of today’s software systems focused on computer mapping with few analytical functions. The most powerful software at past time was grid based i.e. IMGRID [1]. The later on fall in the prices Figure 1. GIS and Urban Planning of hardware, computer storage, and peripherals, accompanying improvement in the performance of GIS as a micro-level planning tool can be effectively hardware and software, especially the processors integrated into the decision-making and planning speed and advances in the data structures and related process only if the data sharing, both spatial and non- algorithms of vector-based GIS has made GIS more spatial data is accessible across all departments. affordable. This will become less time consuming and Government departments are in constant need for more workable. In the early 1980s, there has been a spatial data for planning and implementation, and the noticeable use of GIS at different levels and use of geographic data undoubtedly is a vital asset for departments of urban and regional governments in the planning and decision making. several developed countries, notably of Europe [2, 3] GIS, which is a complete tool used to store maps of and North America [4] With the further decrease in land use and plans, environmental data, the price of computer hardware and software, the use socioeconomic data and planning applications. Urban of GIS has emerged in urban planning in the planners and policy makers can able to extract several developing countries in the 1990s. different types of useful information from geospatial There are some other information systems for urban database through spatial query. Mapping can be used planning, as like database management systems to analyze and explore the distribution of (DBMS), decision support systems (DSS), and expert socioeconomic and environmental data and display systems. GIS will serves both as a database and a the desired results of geospatial analysis and complete tool for urban planning as shown in Figure modeling.
Spatial Database Development For Urban and Regional Planning Support System Using GIS and RS
86 International Journal of Advances in Electronics and Computer Science, ISSN(p): 2394-2835 Volume-4, Issue-2, Feb.-2017 http://iraj.in There are many benefits in using GIS in urban square kilometers. The district has sixteen Talukas. planning include as follows: They are: Mahoor, Kinwat, Himayatnagar, Hadgaon, 1.1 Improved mapping – better access to maps, Ardhapur, Bhokar, Nanded, Mudkhed, Umri, improved accuracy, effective thematic mapping and Dharmabad, Loha, Khairgaon, Biloli, Kandhar, reduced storage cost Mukhed and Deglur. 2.1 Efficiency in information retrieval 3.1 Faster and more extensive access to planning and DSS scenarios 4.1 Improved analysis 5.1 Well communication to the public and staff 6.1 Improved quality of services, for example speedy access to information for planning applications. The integration of GIS and remote sensing as well as other databases and models in the planning process or planning support system. Resource inventory Analysis of existing situations Modeling and projection Development of planning options Selection of planning options Plan implementation Plan evaluation, monitoring, and feedback
II. PROPOSED WORK Fig. 2. Location of Study Area-Nanded District
The main purpose of this research work is to design III. METHODOLOGY FOR SPATIAL and develop the spatial database as well as digitized DATABASE DEVELOPMENT GIS maps for the spatial analysis. This spatial database and digitized maps are used for urban A spatial database infrastructure is developed with planning system. This study will explain that, the the help of key features of GIS i.e. point, line and effective planning Support system to help or assists to area (Polygon). In case of traditional database system Town Planners and City Surveyors as well as all attribute data is store and represented, which in case government bodies to take the decisions regarding of spatial database additional functionality needs to effective urban and regional development. This study be added for databases to process spatial data types. will also assist them for the planning of the several For the development of spatial database ArcGIS 10.2 geographical features of urban area such as has been used. All the features for Nanded district has transportation, water resource management, etc. of been created in ArcGIS 10.2. Each feature is the urban and regional area [8]. described with different layer with its spatial There is a lots of experimentations had been done on attributes [11]. Town Planning and City survey regarding Land In addition to the traditional operations of database Management, Water Supply Management and system spatial database will variety of advance Transport Management in the Government operations for the spatial representation of data. The department of various Countries. But still there is following query types and many more are supports: gaps are found and to overcome these gaps there is a Spatial Measurements: Finds the distance need of improvement in various areas of Town between points, polygon area, etc. Planning and City Survey [9, 10]. The Geographic Spatial Functions: Modify existing features Information System (GIS) and remote sensing will to create new ones, for example by providing a buffer provide the platform to integrate the geospatial data. around them, intersecting features, etc. In this study the geospatial database and digitized Constructor Functions: Creates new features GIS maps will be developed. with an SQL query specifying the vertices (points of 2.1 Study area for this research (Nanded nodes) which can make up lines. If the first and last District) vertex of a line is identical the feature can also be of The district has an area of 10,502 km² while the type polygon (a closed line). according to 2011 census its population is 3,361,292 Observer Functions: Queries which return of which 27.19% were urban. The Godavari River specific information about a feature such as the flows through the district. location of the center of a circle, etc. The Nanded district is situated at about 18°.16' and 3.1 Spatial database for Nanded District 19°.55' North latitude and 77°.7' to 78°.15' east Following figure shows the structure of the spatial longitude, the area of Nanded district is about 10,502 database of the Nanded district. In this figure
Spatial Database Development For Urban and Regional Planning Support System Using GIS and RS
87 International Journal of Advances in Electronics and Computer Science, ISSN(p): 2394-2835 Volume-4, Issue-2, Feb.-2017 http://iraj.in different attributes of Nanded district were covered The digitized maps / spatial features will be and digitized in the form of GIS maps. There are used for further processes like analysis, querying, several information is integrated to design and updates, joining, etc. develop this spatial database with digitized maps. As the procedure mentioned above, we have digitized and designed different maps of Nanded district.
Fig. 3. Spatial database of Nanded District Fig. 4. Map of Nanded District with different layers The above Fig.3 will shows the spatial database of Nanded district, in which several geospatial features All the spatial features drawn and extracted from of the district as like district administrative spatial database has shown in above Figure 6. In the boundaries including taluka and villages, rivers of the above figure district, State highways and district district, important locations in district, several water roads, Railways, Rivers and Places of Nanded bodies in district, road network of the district, talukas district, these layers are to be displayed. All above i.e. sub-districts with different information, villages layers are discussed below. with locations, etc. all these geospatial features are a) District: The vector map of the Nanded mapped in digitized GIS maps of the Nanded district. district will covers 10,502 km² areas and is extracted The process of digitizing data in the spatial database from spatial data base. Following are the only two has been carried out through following steps: tables shown, Table 1. will show the district In order to display and analyze maps on the information whereas, Table 1. shows the district screen, a GIS system uses coordinate pairs which population statistics. Each layer discussed below specify the location and shape of the particular having such attribute table associated with it [12, 13]. feature. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection and World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS- Table 1. District Information 84) ellipsoid for Nanded district geospatial maps. In the second step, we have to create spatial database table. In this table we also have to specify the fields of attribute table. In the next step we have to perform the georeferencing of the spatial feature. Table 2. District Population Statistics The third step is to georeference the vector maps, which will be used as base maps for digitization of the spatial data classes/regions. If the map is a chart/paper map, than we have to digitize it, and use it as base map image after completion of the georeferencing process. After the digitization, vector map with spatial features will be created using available recourses.
Spatial Database Development For Urban and Regional Planning Support System Using GIS and RS
88 International Journal of Advances in Electronics and Computer Science, ISSN(p): 2394-2835 Volume-4, Issue-2, Feb.-2017 http://iraj.in ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors extend their profoundly sincere thank to all the authors/websites mentioned in references for their direct/indirect contribution to this paper since without their co-operation this paper would not have been completed.
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