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Evaluation of Streamflow Records in Flathead River Basin Montana

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Evaluation of Streamflow Records in Flathead River Basin Montana GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY CIRCULAR 182 EVALUATION OF STREAMFLOW RECORDS IN FLATHEAD RIVER BASIN MONTANA By R. T. Plunkett UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 'Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 182 EVALUATION OF STREAMFLOW RECORDS IN FLATHEAD RIVER BASIN, MONTANA By R. T. Plunkett Washington, D. C., 1962. Free on application to the Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS Page Abstract.................................. L Syllab'us of gaging-station records Con". Introduction.............................. 1 Gaging-station records Con. Purpose and Scope....................... 1 Plathead River at Columbia Palls Con. Acknowledgments......................... 1 Stillwater River near Kalispell.... 15 Physical features of the basin............ 2 Whitefish Creek near Kalispell... 15 Utilization of water In the basin......... 2 Ashley Creek near Kila............. 16 Water*resources data for Plathead Ashley Creek near Kalispell........ 16 River Basin........................... 3 Swan River near Big Pork........... 17 Streamflow records...................... 3 Big Creek near Poison.............. 17 Storage reservoirs...................... 4 Plathead River near Poison........... 18 Adequacy of data........................ 5 Little Bitterroot River near Marion 18 Syllabus of gaging-station records........ 11 Little Bitterroot River near Hubbart 19 Explanation of data..................... 11 Little Bitterroot River near Niarada 19 Gaging-station records.................. 12 Crow Creek near Ronan.............. 19 Plathead River at Plathead............ 12 Mud Creek near Ronan............. 19 Plathead River near Columbia Palls.... 12 Crow Creek at Lozeau ranch, near Middle Pork Plathead River: Ronan............................. 20 Bear Creek: Mission Creek: Skyland Creek near Essex........ 12 Dry Creek near St. Ignatius...... 20 Bear Creek near Essex............. 12 Mission Creek near St. Ignatius.... 21 Middle Pork Plathead River at Post Creek at Pitzpatrick ranch, Essex...../....................... 12 near Ronan..................... 21 Middle Pork Plathead River at Post Creek at Deschamp ranch, Belton.......................... 12 near Ronan..................... 21 Lake McDonald outlet at Post Creek near St. Ignatius..... 22 Lake McDonald................... 13 South Pork Jocko River (head of Middle Pork Plathead River near Jocko River): West Glacier...................... 13 Middle Pork Jocko River near Jocko 22 South Pork Plathead River at Spotted South Pork Jocko River near Jocko.. 22 Bear ranger station near Hungry North Pork Jocko River near Jocko 23 Horse)........................... 13 Palls Creek near Jocko......... 23 Spotted Bear River near Hungry Jocko River near Jocko............. 23 Horse.............t............. 13 Big Knife Creek near Jocko....... 24 Twin Creek near Hungry Horse...... 13 Agency Creek: Lower Twin Creek near Hungry Horse 14 Blodgett Creek near Jocko...... 24 Sullivan Creek near Hungry Horse.. 14 Agency Creek near Jocko.......... 24 Graves Creek near Hungry Horse. >.. 14 Pinley Creek: South Pork Plathead River near East Pinley Creek near Jocko... 24 Columbia Palls.................... 14 Pinley Creek near Jocko.......... 25 Plathead River at Columbia Palls...... 14 Valley Creek near Ravalli........ 26 Stillwater River: Jocko River at Ravalli............. 26 Logan Creek at Tally Lake, near Revais Creek near Dixon............ 27 Whitefish....................... 14 Plathead River at mouth.............. 28 Logan Creek near Whitefish........ 15 Stillwater River near WhitefIsh..... 15 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Plate 1. Map showing location of gaging stations' in the Plathead River basin..........In pocket Figure 1. Map showing location and duration of streamflow records...................... 7 III IV CONTENTS TABLES Page Table 1. Municipal and industrial uses of water in Flathead River basin.................... 4 2. Index of streamflow records in Plathead River basin............................... 6 3. Storage reservoirs in Flathead River bas in........................................ 8 4. Streamflow records in relation to natural yield................................... 9 5. Diversions in Whitefish Creek basin, above Whitefish Creek near Kalispell, Mont. 16 6. Diversions in Big Creek basin, above Big Creek near Poison, Mont. ................ 17 7. Diversions in Jocko River basin, above Middle Fork of Jocko River near Jocko, Mont. ................................................................... 23 8. Diversions in Jocko River basin, above Jocko River near Jocko, Mont. ......'....... 24 9. Diversions in Jocko River basin, above Finley Creek near Jocko, Mont. ............ 25 10. Diversions in Jocko River basin, above Valley Creek near Ravalli, Mont. ........... 26 11. Diversions in Jocko River basin, above Jocko River at Ravalli, Mont. ............. 27 12. Diversions in Revais Creek basin, above Revais Creek near Dixon, Mont. ........... 28 13. Flathead project irrigated land, in acres ........................................ 29 14. Diversions in Flathead River basin, above Flathead River at mouth................. 30 EVALUATION OF STREAMFLOW RECORDS IN FLATHEAD RIVER BASIN, MONTANA ABSTRACT basin where natural runoff prevails, these records depict the surface-water yield of the This report presents data which are, in gen­ basin at that point. Such records are of eral, supplementary to those of the surface- great value to the hydrologist or designing water investigations .made in the past by the engineer, as they are a direct measure of the Geological Survey. Those investigations have yield of the drainage basin. When upstream consisted essentially of the operation of the water use diverts and depletes the water many gaging stations on the Plathead River and supply, the discharge records no longer serve tributaries. as a measure of the yield of the basin unless appropriate adjustments are made. If the point The data presented were obtained from a de­ of proposed diversion or future use is remote tailed field investigation of the various man- from the gaging station, it is even more im­ made devices that are factors influencing the portant to have complete knowledge of these quantity or regimen of the flow at the gaging factors. stations. These factors include diversions from the stream, bypass channels carrying The primary purpose of this report is to water around the gaging stations, return flow evaluate each streamflow record in terms of from irrigation or other projects, storage and the factors that influence or alter the flow release of flood waters, and other similar of the Plathead River and tributaries at the factors. Where feasible, the location, size, gaging~station locations. Such factors in­ effect upon the streamflow, periods of use, clude diversions, bypass channels carrying method of operation, and similar information water around the gaging stations, consumptive are given. The information is segregated in­ use, regulation by storage, and other factors to sections corresponding to areas determined that alter the natural regimen of the stream by the location of gaging stations. An index or the discharge record obtained at the gaging of streamflow records is included. station. A section dealing with the adequacy of .avail­ The scope of this report is confined to in­ able water-resources data, including location dexing facts and material needed for the quan­ and period of record, also is included. This titative evaluation of the surface-water re­ information is given in general terms only, sources. Emphasis is on the factors influenc­ and is portrayed mainly by maps and graphs. ing the runoff regimen and the gaging-station records without attempting a quantitative de­ termination of their effect. For example, INTRODUCTION diversions are identified by name, location, approximate size, time of occurrence, purpose, and sources of information concerning their Purpose and Scope use. These data are basic to quantitative sur­ face-water-supply studies and to the evalu­ Studies of the water supply for a project ation of the surface-water resources of the utilizing surface water are based primarily on basin. One of the more important items of streamflow data obtained by operating gaging this information is the reference to the stations. Project design requires an estimate sources of data. of the probable future water supply that rea­ sonably may be expected during the life of the In addition to presenting information for project. This can be achieved only through a the evaluation of factors influencing basin study of records of past streamflow or other yield, some attention is given to evaluating hydrologic events. Records covering a period the adequacy of the streamflow records, them­ of many years are necessary to evaluate ade­ selves, in time and distribution. This in­ quately the effect of vagaries of the weather cludes: a bar graph picturing the length and and to determine the safe yield during drought distribution of discharge records; maps show­ periods. If during the period of operation of ing areal distribution of stations and the' a gaging station, man-made devices have altered relative length of records; a table showing the normal regimen of the stream or utilized stream-depletion data; and a table of reser­ consumptively a portion of the water supply,' voir storage potentials. the effects of these changes must be considered in analyzing the data to determine the possible future supply. Acknowledgments River discharge determined by gaging sta­
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