HUNGARY in FIGURES, 2009 CULTURE in FOCUS Developed at an Accelerating Rate and Urban Cultural Life Gained Impetus

HUNGARY IN FIGURES 2009

Hungarian Central Statistical Office

H-1024 Budapest, Keleti Károly str. 5-7. www.ksh.hu

Szamok_boríto_EN_2009.indd 1 2010.08.02. 10:49:26 Szamok_boríto_EN_2009.indd 2 CONTENTS Agriculture, industry,services 42 Prices Equilibrium Economic growth,investments Culture, sport Science Education Health 28 Income, consumption Employment, unemployment

An introductiontoPécs A walkinPécs Culture infocus General characteristics Population, vitalevents Environment

11 Page 48 46 44 40 38 36 34 30 24 58 22 1 9 according totourismregionsandresortareascanbefound aswell. counties, subregions,settlements,andregardingdata ontourism,maps under headingAtlasofregionsareavailableatvariousregionallevels: and socialphenomena.Interactivethematicmaps,accessible onourwebsite HCSO providesvisualtoolsbesidesdatatoenhanceunderstanding economic 2010.08.02. 10:49:47 CULTURE IN FOCUS

Culture includes “…in addition to arts and literature, lifestyle, ways of living together, a system of values, traditions and beliefs…” (UNESCO). Its everyday interpretation differs from one country to another. In Hungary the interviewees hearing the expression1) think primarily of literature and theatre (43%), while in general fine and performing arts come first to the mind of EU citizens (39%). In Hungary in the majority of cases affordabi- lity, while in member states on average the lack of time is mentioned by most people as a barrier to using cultural services. The relation to culture is expressed by the amounts spent on operat- ing the network of cultural institutions: the ratio of government expenditures on culture to GDP and expenditures of households. Although the institutions have operated from a perceivably restricted budget since 2004, and household resources have become narrower since 2006, the cultural patronage of the population is in the middle of the European range.

Cultural expenditure of the government as a percentage of GDP

% 6

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Household expenditure on culture Cultural expenditure of the government The cultural values accumulated in the history of more than one millennium of the country are part of universal culture. In its diversity the Hungarian culture incorporates the traditions of the ethnic groups living together. External trends affecting the Hungarian cultural life – such as

1) Eurobarometer, 2007.

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the Italian renaissance in the 15th century, the movement of enlightenment in the 17th–18th centuries, the French impressionism in the 19th century and the avant-garde trends in the 20th century – can be clearly observed. The importance of the Hungarian culture is indicated by the international successes of the poetry of Petőfi and Ady, by the paintings of Munkácsy and Szinyei- Merse in exhibition rooms of the world. The works of László Moholy-Nagy are exhibited in the Museum of Modern Arts in Paris, the music of Liszt, Bartók and Kodály is present in concert halls of the world, and the music pedagogy method KOGART The home of art and gastronomy of Kodály is wide- spread. The beginning of typography, the highest valued among traditional cultural values dates back to 1,473 in Hungary, and its premises was the workroom of András Hess in Buda. A Hun- garian-language book was first made in the letter-press of seneschal Tamás Nádasdy in Sárvár-Újsziget. The first Hungarian-language printed matter was prepared by Count Antal Ester- házy, a general, at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. The first national library and museum was established by donation of Count Ferenc Széchényi one century later. When founded, the National Museum was the third national institution of this type in Europe. The professional Hungarian-language theatrical art was launched two hundred years ago. After Kolozsvár, Miskolc and Balatonfüred, the Hun- garian Theatre of Pest was opened in 1837, at the corner of Múzeum Boule- vard and Rákóczi Road. Following the Sculpture of Ferenc Liszt (1811–1886) Compromise in 1867, middle classes on the building of the Music Academy

2 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009 CULTURE IN FOCUS developed at an accelerating rate and urban cultural life gained impetus. The National Hungarian Royal Music Academy, the then citadel of music was founded 135 years ago. In the beginning, education took place at the dwelling of Ferenc Liszt at Hal square, later at Andrássy Road. The opening performance of the Opera House in Budapest was held in 1884. The building of today’s Operetta Theatre was constructed in 1894 based on the plans of Viennese architects. The cinema in Hungary is more than one hundred years old. The National Hungarian Film Association opened its school of Cinematic Art in 1935. In the 20th century several Hungarians took their chance in Hollywood. William Fox, the “fa- ther“ of 20th Century Fox was born as Vil- mos Fried. Adolph Zukor is the founder of the Paramount empire. Hungarian film ac- tors range from Béla Lugosi (Dracula, 1931) to Tony Curtis, outstanding cameramen are Vilmos Zsigmond and László Kovács, and great personalities of the film history are directors George Cukor, Mihály Kertész (Michael Curtiz), György Pál (George Pal) – the six-time Oscar prize winner creating the genre of sci-fi. From Joe Pasternak nu- Béla Lugosi merous producers are also mentioned in the annals. Miklós Rózsa, the three- time Oscar prize winner is noted as the greatest film composer in Hollywood. The history of the Hungarian radio broadcasting is not less interesting. The first official broadcast was transmitted – uniquely in Europe – with a legal predecessor, the “Telephone News Service” of Tivadar Puskás and could be heard in the ether on 1 December 1925, five years and one month later than the very first radio broadcast in the USA. TV broadcasting started in the mid-20th century, while internet and digital techniques are barely two decades old but their effect in social life and cultural habits surpasses that of the most important media of the last fifty years, the television. Though

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Hungarian people spend a significant (also in international terms) part of their spare time – more than half of it – by watching TV (video) and devote similar time to social life as in Esto- nia, Finland and Belgium, reading is on the third place in dead heat with recreation. The boom in book production from the second half of the 20th century lasted till the middle – end of the 1980s. Some large book-publishers were present in the book market. Along with the regime change the owner structure was trans- formed and the patron role of the state ended. Nearly two hundred national, foreign companies or joint ventures are engaged in book publishing. The book assortments increased significantly, while the number of copies decreased. The prices of books are determined first of all by market conditions. Within cultural services, book market has a relatively stabile circle of customers, which can be attributed to the fact that the majority of customers belong to the upper income decile. In 2009, the cultural sector was also affected by the economic crisis. Over the year, 13,600 books and booklets were published, providing a narrower supply both in respect of published works (–11%) and of number of copies (–15%). Though publishing is mostly paper- based, it widened in the past five years with digital and audio books (CD, CD- ROM, e-book), and their turnover exceeded 6% of the total turnover in 2009. The more than one-decade-long increase of book turnover was followed by a decrease. A special feature of the situation is that along with the fall in sales, the turnover of literature works, youth and children’s books increased. The composition of the assortment by authors is changing constantly, but last year 55% of the books were works of Hungarian novelists and poets, among them some classics known also beyond the borders: Petőfi, Jókai, Móricz, Ady. Among the Hungarian contemporary novelists, Imre Kertész, who won the Nobel Prize in 2002 and is widely known and recognized abroad as well, Péter Esterházy, one of the creators of the so-called ‘new prose’ in the 1970s– 1980s and Magda Szabó, who started as a poet and has perhaps the most nov- els translated to foreign languages are popular and widely read.

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In 2009, 7,900 libraries, the most accessible sources of culture, were open for the readers, students and researchers. Though the number of libraries has decreased by 3,500 since the regime change, beside their traditional tasks, they have become the basic institutions of the information society and the digitalization of documents. 46% of the libraries are operated by settlements, 43% by schools, and the others are professional or national institutions. The network of libraries – without school libraries – keeps record of 2.3 million readers, 11% more than in 1990. In the last 15 years, there was a decrease in the turnover of borrowed books (except in national libraries), however, the volume of information service on internet, by phone, fax or e-mail, by using on-line catalogue (OPAC) and website exceeded 50 million. Soon after the appearance of internet the Hungarian Electronic Library was developed, which with its stock of more than eight thousand titles and four servers beyond the borders plays a significant role in the digital preservation of books, textual or visual documents in Hungarian language or relation.

Attendances in some cultural institutions (per hundred inhabitants) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 Theatre and concert Museum Cinema

From the mid-1980s till the beginning of the 1990s, the attendance decreased in practically each cultural institution. Following the decline, theatres, museums and music institutions succeeded to regain their audience and visitors, the greatest loser of the period was the cinema. Following the turn of the millennium, numerous significant cultural institutions were opened, such as the Millenáris Park, Hall of Art

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hosting several branches of arts, the Budapest Palace of Arts, the centre of music, dance, fine arts and film, the MODEM in Debrecen, which is the most up-to-date venue of modern, contemporary fine arts in the region, as well as the National Theatre etc. Since the 1980s there has been a continuous international “boom” in the Palace of Arts world of museums, while in Hungary, at the beginning of the 1990s, the attendance of museums fell to the half of the average in the previous decade. In 2009, there were 706 museum institutions to visit, and the number of organized exhibitions was about 3 thousand, nearly half of which were permanent exhibitions. More than half thousand temporary exhibitions were organized at external venues in Hungary and a hundred exhibitions took place abroad. More and more emphasis is laid on the organization of events and guided tours, so the number of attendances exceeded again 10 and then in 2005 11 millions. Since 2007, this number has decreased again, and it was 9.5 million in 2009. Museum visits are concentrated to some settlements which are significant in terms of tourisms as well. The 30 most attended museums receive nearly 60% of all visitors. The institutions of Budapest, Eger, Szilvásvárad, Tihany, Szentendre, Pécs, Ópusztaszer, Gödöllő, Mis- kolc, Sárospatak and Pannonhal- ma are in the centre of interest. Ferenc Hopp The change in traditional Museum of Eastern Asiatic Arts working method of museums is the most spectacular; the Museum of Fine Arts with its Van Gogh exhibition in 2007 got into the group of the fifty most visited institutions of the world, and it was the fourth most popular exhibition of the world in its category. The Night of Museums organized yearly on Midsummer Day since 2003 following a French tradition is also suitable to attract visitors. On the first occasion, the series of events had nearly 30 thousand visitors, reaching nearly 450 thousand in 2010. Considering the great interest, since

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2006 the Night of Museums has been organized in autumn as well, where the attendance rose fivefold. In 2009, theatre life took place in 124 theatres, among which 69 extended the pro- gramme variety of the capital city. The number of theatre attendances was 4.4 million, and more than half of the audience saw the performances of theatres in Budapest. Beside the expansion of programmes, the number of performances increased in the last decade to 19 thousand per year. 40% of the performanc- Budapest Operetta and es are prosaic, Musical Theatre 27% are puppet shows and performances for children and 23% are operetta, musical or other performance. The most popular are the musical-prosaic pieces, operettas, musicals and they are followed by dramas, performances for children, operas, ballet and dance. On the top of the list of dramas are the classics. Famous Hun- garian theatre events are the ten year-old POSzT (Pécs National Theatre Festival), the DESZKA (Round-table of Playwrights and Theatres) in Debrecen, organized since Hungarian State Opera 2007 for the Hungarian contemporary dramas and the International Opera Festival in Miskolc building a bridge between opera theatres in Central Eastern and Western Europe. In 2009, 1.1 million people could listen to more than 3,300 music events in the concert halls. Beside international artists, the National Phil- harmonic Orchestra conducted by Zoltán Kocsis and the Budapest Fes- tival Orchestra conducted by Iván Fischer are regular performers in the great concert halls of the world. Hungarian film production was not isolated even in the heroic age. Hungarian silent films were success- Cinema Uránia ful abroad as well. In the Corvin and

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Star studios foreign producer companies also shot films. Between 1931 and 1936 French, German and dozens of multi- version (and multi-language) sound-films were prepared. There was no shortage of film stars in Budapest in that era. Zoro and Huru, the popular comic pair, Annabella, Simone Simon and many others among the leading movie stars of the era shot films in Budapest. From 1939 many illustrious representatives of the film business were forced to leave the country. Nevertheless, Hungary was the first country in Europe where film production started again after the war. International relations in film production began to develop again after 1957. After foreign short films, the work process connect- ed to foreign feature films could be launched in the early 1960s with a Walt Disney contract work. The Hungarian film became again “mature” at the beginning–middle of the 1960s, when the works of Miklós Jancsó, Péter Bacsó, Károly Makk, Pál Sándor, Zoltán Huszárik and István Szabó, Oscar Award winner in 1982 appeared on the screen, and, beside viewership, they were justified also by numerous significant international awards. Af- ter the regime change, film production and the situation in the film business were essentially influenced by the changed socio-economic and technical (video, CD, DVD, internet etc.) environment in the last decade of the century. Though the number of screenings has more than doubled since the regime change, the number of visitors has fallen considerably.

Sources used beside HCSO data: Kutatás a múzeumokról (Research on museums). Múzeumi közlemények, 2009/1. Cservenka Judit: “…a közösségnek hasznára és javára…” Gróf Széchenyi Ferenc múzeumalapítása (“for the advantage and benefit of the community” museum foundation of Count Ferenc Széchenyi). Európai Utas, 50.sz. 2003/1. Castiglione Henrik: Budapest mozgóképüzemei (Movie factories of Budapest). Magyar Statisztikai Szemle, VII. Évfolyam, 1929. évi 2.sz.

As well as the following websites: UNESCO, Ministry of National Resources (former Ministry of Education and Culture), Chamber of Hungarian Architects, Farkas Kempelen Digital University Database, Hungarian Publishers’ and Booksellers’ Association

8 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009 A WALK IN PÉCS

It was very difficult to choose a candidate city in Hun- gary to be one of the European Capitals of Culture in 2010. In terms of historical traditions, well-managed listed historic buildings, cultural institutions as well as a rich cultural past and present, both the capital and the large towns of Hungary met all the require- ments of the bid. At last Pécs was selected and this de- cision was widely accepted in the country.

In the eastern part of the province of Pannonia of the Roman Empire, Sopianae, the forerunner of the present city of Pécs, played a major role. Later, there were changes in the significance of the city, which was, however, never negligible. Nowadays, it is the centre of the county of Baranya and of the region of Southern Trans- danubia. In addition to this in 2010 – together with two other cities, Essen and Istanbul – it is the European Capital of Culture. Pécs is located at the foot of the Mecsek Hills partly, sitting on the southern slopes. Owing to its special location it has a Mediter- ranean-like climate influencing the atmosphere of the city. Climb- ing up one of the surrounding points of elevation, the TV tower on the Misina Hill, the green sea of the Mecsek and the group of the constituting parts of the city, the downtown, the garden suburb, the Uranium City and the others can be seen below. Continuing down we get to Gate Dömör, an important node of the tourist routes of the Me- csek, well-known by tourists. Later, but still high above the city we reach one of the 15 hotels, in front of which there is a monument to the French soldiers wounded in the Napoleonic Wars. If we go to the Tettye from here, we get a close view of the downtown from there.

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Pecsi_walk.indd 9 2010.08.02. 10:15:34 Széchenyi Square is one of the centres of the town, surrounded by buildings redolent of age. Of them the djami, the present downtown church, the largest building dating from the Turkish period of our country, is the most char- acteristic. A very short walk through the street named after Jannus Pannonius, a bishop-poet in the 15th century, leads to the next town centre, the Dóm Square (which seems more spacious resulting from its in- terconnection with the Saint Stephen Square). This place is dominated by a four- towered huge cathedral, a sym- bol for the town for centuries. Its construction was initiated by the first king of Hungary, a mul- titude of architects and painters worked on it over the centuries. This square is home among others to early Christian monuments (a chapel, a decorated burial chamber from the 4th century), a lapidary, sculptures, the bishop’s palace, the archive of the chapter etc. In the other (eastern) direction from the Széchenyi Square, an ever-vibrant pedestrian street (Király/King Street) leads to another centre, the temple of arts, the long-established Nation- al Theatre of Pécs. The Mecsek Hills, the listed historic buildings, the impres- sive architecture and the relaxed, friendly people make a deep impression on the visitors. These and many other characteristics of the city are shown closer, from inside, in a more detailed way by statistics in the chapter en- titled “Introducing Pécs”.

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Pécs, a town of county rank, with its population of nearly 157 thousand people is the 5th most populous city in Hungary and the first in Transdanubia, a significant centre of higher education and culture, the seat of the county of Baranya. Its rich history goes back to the time of the Romans. Its bishopric was founded by Saint Stephen I, the first university of the country – the fifth in Cent ral Europe – was established by Louis the Great in 1367. Between 1543 and 1686 the town was under Turkish rule, Maria Theresa granted it the status of a borough in 1780. In the 19th century a sharp increase in the number of middle class people started along with a boom in manufacturing, a railway system came into existence, a sugar factory, a tobacco factory, a beer factory and a machine factory were established and the Angster Organ Building Manu- facture and the Zsolnay Porcelain Manufacture became internationally known. There was an increase in population from just over 10 thousand at the beginning of the 19th century to over 42 thousand by the turn of the 20th century. The population number showed an increasing trend – except for breaks resulting from the effects of the two world wars – until 1989 when it reached a historic peak of 183,082 people. After World War II, there was a sharp increase in population resulting from the incorporation of some surrounding villages into the city, from a mainly positive demographic balance until 1981 and, as the main source, from a positive balance of internal migration. Industrialization and a boom in the mining of coal and uranium generated a significant demand for la- bour, attracting newcomers. In terms of the economy, the changes of the past 20 years were unfavourable for the town, the mines and the majority of industrial establishments were closed down, there was a downturn in construction and unemployment became a significant problem. In the 90s, as a result of a national decrease in population and an emerging suburbanization the population of the big towns and in this way that of Pécs started to decrease. Beyond the loss resulting from the difference of live births and deaths Tettye Hill the migration balance, formerly the main

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source of the previous increase, turned negative and as a result of this the census of 2001 recorded a resident population of only 162,498 people in- dicating a loss of 7,541 people on that of 1990. In this period, the balance of vital events remained negative, in this way a loss of over 4,000 people was recorded up to the end of 2008. In 2005, following a decade-long negative balance, there was a turnaround in the combined balance of permanent and temporary moves and the number of people moving to Pécs was again higher than that of people leaving it.

Vital events and change in the number of resident population in Pécs

Number of live births and deaths Number of resident population, thousand 3,500 200 180 3,000 160 2,500 140

2,000 120 100 1,500 80 1,000 60 40 500 20 0 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 Live births Deaths Resident population as of 1 January, thousand

A long-lasting decrease in the number of births has not only resulted in a decrease in population but also in a change in the age structure. There was a significant decrease in the number and proportion of children (0– 14 years) along with a significant increase in those of the elderly (65 years and older). Pécs had an unfavourable age structure as far back as in 2001; there were 104 old people per 100 children, 17 more than the average of the 8 country towns of a similar size1). As a result of the consistently low number of births the ageing continued, reaching a ratio of 127 old people to 100 children and an average age of the population of 40.5 years by 2009. In terms of average life expectancy at birth of men and women no significant difference was seen between Pécs and the big country towns, the men of Pécs, compared with the national average, lived 1 year longer, while the women half year longer according to the data of 2008.

1) The group of country towns with a population of over 100 thousand people, including Debrecen, Miskolc, Szeged, Győr, Nyíregyháza, Kecskemét and Székesfehérvár in addition to Pécs, was used as a comparison in this analysis.

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Average life expectancy at birth of men and women, 2008 Years 90 78.3 78.7 77.8 80 70.9 70.8 69.8 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Pécs Country towns with National a population of over average 100,000 people Men Women

In this ageing city a decrease in the number of children has already resulted in a decline in the number of nursery school children and primary school pupils, but there has been no decrease at the higher level of public education, in the number of pupils at secondary schools up to this day. The regional attraction of the secondary schools of Pécs plays a role in this. Public education in Pécs, 2008/2009

Denomination Place of service Child, pupil Teacher

Nursery school 55 4,925 458 Primary school 38 11,665 1,222 Secondary school 41 12,208 1,188 Vocational school and 16 3,154 206 specialized vocational school As a result of the socio-economic processes having taken place since the 90s, the character of industrial city of Pécs was gradually pushed into the background with a shift towards education, health care, culture and tourism. Pécs is the largest centre of higher education in Transdanubia, one of the three university cities of the Hungarian countryside in addition to Debrecen and Szeged. In the school-year 2008/2009, there were 5 higher educational institutions, out of them two, the University of Pécs and the Theological College of Pécs had a head office in place. The University of Pécs provides a diverse education covering a wide range of sciences. The undergraduates can study, among others, law, medical sciences, humani-

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ties, health sciences, economics, arts as well as technical and natural sciences. Pécs, which has not only a Trans- danubia-wide, but a nationwide, moreover as a medical university even an international catchment area, had an undergraduate population of over 27 thousand in the school-year 2008/2009. The ratio of 175 undergraduates to one thousand inhabitants, the highest in the country, was well above the average of 113 people in the country towns with a population of over 100 thousand people. The background of significant higher educational in- Klimo Library stitutions of Pécs served as a basis to develop the activi- in University Library of Pécs ties of research and experimental development. In 2008, the town had 173 research and development units with a workforce of over 2,800, 60% of them worked in research and development jobs. There were 11 researchers to one thousand inhabitants; three times as high as the national average and by 3 persons above the average of the country towns with a population over 100 thousand people. In 2008, 70% of the Pécs-based researchers had a scientific degree in some area, an outstanding value compared to the national average of 46% and the average of the big country towns of 56%. Over many decades, mining, which at the same time accounted for a considerable share of use of development resources, played a major role in the economy of the seat of Baranya county. How ever, neither parallel to mining nor after the closure of mines could an economic structure of firm and long- term economic founda- tions come into existence. So the economic potential has been quite modest up to this day; there is only a small group of capital-rich and innovative businesses adapting and applying de- National Theatre of Pécs, theatrical performance veloped technologies, which could generate a lasting boost in terms of performances. Though the city was quite good in terms of entrepreneurial propensity and activity, at the end of 2009, the number of enterprises – amounting to 165 – recorded by administrative inventories per one thousand inhabitants was the same as the average of the country towns with a population of over 100 thou-

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sand people of Hungary and was higher than the national average of 159. However, there were fewer medium-sized and large enterprises capable of above average performance than in the towns of a similar size. The county seat, similarly to the county of Baranya, has a low FDI-attracting capacity. Per capita foreign direct in- vestment in Pécs-headquartered businesses, amounting to a sum of HUF 263.4 thousand at the end of 2008, was only one sixth of the national average and was even less than the one third of the national average calculated without the capital. These disadvan- tages are also reflected by relatively low industrial performances. The Pécs-headquartered medium- sized and large businesses, in terms of production per capita, based on preliminary estimates of 2009, reached an output of HUF 968 thousand, which was 1.7 times as high as the average of Baranya and only one third of the average of the eight country towns with a population of over 100 thousand people. A motorway link opened at the beginning of 2010 can Statue in the yard of mitigate the relative isolation and can generate an in- the Zsolnay Factory terest in this area. In 2008, Pécs, on average, had a workforce of 45 thousand people ac- counting for 44% of working-age people. It was slightly below the average of 47% in the country towns with a population of over 100 thousand people, but significantly above the national average of around 38%. Service sector played an overwhelming role in the sector structure of employment. In Pécs, service sector accounted for 72% of employed persons ex- ceeding both the average of 66% in the country towns of a similar size and the national average of 67%. Within the service sector, it is worth un- derlining the importance of education, which, in case of Pécs – similarly to other university towns – accounted for an outstandingly high proportion of 22% of employees. The outstanding proportions of Pécs, Debrecen and Szeged resulted in a significant proportion of 15% of education in the large towns of a similar size against a national average of 8%. Out of the producing industries manufacturing that is the largest employer in Pécs, accounts for 22% of employees, similarly to the national average. In 2008, full-time employees in Pécs had average gross monthly earnings of HUF 214.2 thousand along with the slightly lower average of the large towns of HUF 206.8 thousand and the similar national average of HUF 207 thousand. In Pécs, men had an income of nearly one tenth above the average; women had an income below the average by about the same extent.

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Number and average gross monthly earnings of full-time employees, 2008

Denomination Men Women Total

Number of employees Pécs 20,317 20,972 41,289 Country towns with a population of 172,928 161,541 334,469 over 100 thousand people Country total 1 153,680 1 083,829 2 237,510 Average gross monthly earnings Pécs 232,797 196,119 214,167 Country towns with a population of over 100 thousand people 225,341 186,864 206,758 Country total 226,320 186,449 207,007

A total of 5,057 people were recorded as jobseekers, 49% of whom were men and 51% women. These proportions are essentially similar to the average of the country towns of a similar size. In Pécs, 44% of jobseekers had a period of over half year of unemployment along with a slightly higher average of the large towns, where long-term unemployed people accounted for more than half of jobseekers. In Pécs, around three tenths of jobseekers had a maximum of primary school education; six tenths of them were high-school and one tenth of them college/university graduates, fresh graduates accounted for a tenth of them, too. In Pécs, the ratio of jobseekers to the working-age population was 4.9%, slightly below the average of 5.2% in the country towns and significantly below the national average of 7.3%. In Pécs, as of July 2009, there were 48 public accommodation establishments with a total of 3,061 bed-places, within this there were 15 hotels with a total of 1,243 hotel bed-places. In terms of public accommodation capacity, out of country towns, it was overtaken by Debrecen, Szeged and Miskolc, too; despite this, up to 2006, based on the number of arrivals in public accommodation establishments, Pécs was the most significant country town. However, based on the latest data, last year the lead was taken over by Debrecen. In 2009 a total of nearly 100 thousand visitors were recorded in Pécs, spending a total of 187 thousand nights in the town. Especially domestic visitors, who accounted for four fifths of visitors, showed a great deal of interest. A decline in the tourist indicators of the town mainly resulted from the fact that there was a significant fall in the number of foreign visitors and related tourism nights in the past decade.

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Main indicators of public accommodation establishments, 2009

Per thousand inhabitants Number Of of public Of Number which: accomm- of number of Denomination which: of bed- hotel number oda tion which: of which: hotels places bed- of establish- foreign- tourism inter- places arrivals ments ers nights national

Pécs 48 15 3,061 1,243 629 128 1,192 284 Country townsa) 290 108 27,678 9,637 558 171 1,128 379 Country 2,830 856 289,396 115,558 699 316 1,823 900 a) Population of over 100 thousand people.

In spite of this, in terms of the number of visitors and tourism nights per 1,000 inhabitants, it was significantly above the average of the large country towns, although it was significantly below them in terms of the indicators of international arrivals. One of the tourist attractions of Pécs is the wine district, part of the Pannon Wine Region, covering the slopes of Mecsek Hills facing south, sheltered from the north wind, the low hills surrounding Mohács and Szederkény and the south – eastern hills of Zselic. There are 33 settlements in the three sub-districts – Pécs, Versend and Szigetvár – of the wine district with a total area of vineyards of 740 hectares. Mainly white wines, namely Riesling, Chardonnay, Cirfandli, Rhenish Riesling, Green Veltelini and Riesling Sylvaner are produced. At the end of 2008, a total of around 69 thousand dwellings were home to the population of Pécs of nearly 157 thousand. The household density of Pécs was somewhat lower than nationally or in the country towns of a similar size, a ratio of 100 dwellings to 226 residents was recorded, which was lower than the mentioned averages. Housing estates accounted for more than half of the dwelling stock of the town. In general, there are better public utility services than nationally or in the country towns with a population of over 100 thousand people. All homes had connection to a piped water supply and a sewerage network. An above-average rate of dwellings has connection to distance heating and hot water supply as a result of the high proportion of housing estate homes, where these are practically basic services.

HUNGARIAN CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE, 2010 17

Welcome_Pecs_2.indd 17 2010.08.02. 10:18:03 AN INTRODUCTION TO PÉCS

Main data of public utility services, 2008 % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Pécs Country towns with a population National of over 100 thousand people average Proportion of dwellings with connection to a public piped water network Proportion of dwellings with connection to a public sewerage network Proportion of dwellings with connection to distance heating Proportion of dwellings with connection to hot water supply

In Pécs, public transport is ensured by bus ser vices, which intercon- nect the urban districts in 69 relations with a total network of 161 km. In the past years, there was an increase in the number of buses in local transport. In 2008, the ratio of passenger kilometres performed during the year to 1,000 inhabitants was higher than both the indicator of the country towns with a population of 100 thousand people and the national average. Nevertheless, there was a fall in the volume of the local bus transport over the past years. Pécs is one of the most attractive historic towns of the country with many listed buildings, it is the in- tellectual and cultural centre of Transdanubia. There are programmes, events and festivals all year round, many of these, e.g. the National Theatre Festival, are of international interest and significance. In 2008, the Eszter Takács town had more than 1,800 cultural events with a total of over 620 thousand participants, reaching an average ratio of 4 attendances to 1 inhabitant of Pécs against the relevant figure of 2.4 in the other country towns of a similar size.

18 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Welcome_Pecs_2.indd 18 2010.08.02. 10:18:13 AN INTRODUCTION TO PÉCS

Main indicators of culture, 2008

Country towns with a population of Denomination Pécs Country over 100 thousand people Number of municipal libraries 3 19 1,429 Units of municipal libraries per 1,000 residents 7,066 5,747 4,281 Lent units per reader 24.4 19.5 18.3 Number of cinema screenings 20,630 129,039 472,427 Cinema attendances per 1,000 inhabitants 2,141 2,123 1,164 Number of museums 15 78 638 Number of museum exhibitions 142 578 3,910 Museum attendances per 1,000 inhabitants 1,759 858 1,014 Number of public educational institutions 29 140 3,458 Number of visitors at cultural events per 1,000 inhabitants 3,976 2,400 2,508

Pécs has a number of museums and galleries to visit, the most famous are the Csontváry Museum, the Vasarely Museum and the Zsolnay Museum. In 2008, there were 142 exhibitions in the 15 museum establishments of the town with a total of 275 thousand visitors; there was a ratio of 1,760 attendances to 1,000 inhabitants, which is twice as much as the average of the large country towns. In 2010, Pécs is one of the Eu- ropean Capitals Pannon Philharmonic Orchestra of Culture (ECC). Widely known am- bassadors who have roots in Pécs, e.g. the Pannon Philharmonic Orchestra, well known in Europe, the Women’s Basketball Team ‘Mizo Pécs’, winner of the Hungarian Cup and a championship as well as the Me csek Women’s Basketball Folk Dance Ensemble, were nominated to promote ECC pro- Team ‘Mizo Pécs’ grammes. Investments implemented in the framework of ECC (Zsolnay Cultural Quarter, Conference and Concert Centre, Regional Library and Know ledge Centre of Southern Transdanubia, Grand Exhibi- tion Space) are to help Pécs to play an even greater role in the future in the cultural life of the country.

HUNGARIAN CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE, 2010 19

Welcome_Pecs_2.indd 19 2010.08.02. 10:18:13 AN INTRODUCTION TO PÉCS

Main attractions of Pécs

16 4 6 7 1 21 2 5 17 20 19 3 14 15 8 9 11 10 22 23 18 13

1 Episcopal Cellar 9 Szerecsen (Saracen) 18 The ‘Tüke’ fountain, Museum, Barbican Pharmacy Museum Postal Palace 2 Cathedral Museum, 10 The „Gránátalma” (pomeg- 19 House of Civic Commu- Péter-Pál burial chamber, ranate) Museum Pharmacy, nities, Early Christian Korsós burial chamber, Zsolnay-well Necropolis of Pécs Medieval University 11 Museum of Medical History 20 Bóbita Puppet Theatre 3 Csontváry Museum at the Pécs University of 21 Cathedral 4 The Mecsek Mining Sciences 22 12 Synagogue Museum Museum and Library of 23 5 Nemes Endre Museum Mining History Conference and Concert 6 13 Centre of Pécs, Regional Vasarely Museum Ethnographic Museum Library and Knowledge 7 Amerigo Tot Museum, 14 House of Arts and Centre of South Transda- Zsolnay Museum Literature nubia 15 8 Archaeological Museum National Theatre of Pécs, and Lapidarium, Hotel Dominican House Nádor, CityCourt, City 16 Promenade, Hall, County Hall, The Cella Septichora Djami of Pasha Gazi 17 Padlocks of lovers, Uni- Kaseem versity Library

20 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Welcome_Pecs_2.indd 20 2010.08.02. 10:18:17 AN INTRODUCTION TO PÉCS

7 1

151 8

21 23

HUNGARIAN CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE, 2010 21

Welcome_Pecs_2.indd 21 2010.08.02. 10:18:18 AT AustriaAu

BE BelgiumBe GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

BG BulgariaBu Official name Republic of Hungary CY CyprusCy Capital Budapest CZ CzechCz Republic Official language Hungarian DE GermanyGe Surface area, sq. km 93,030 DK DenmarkDe Population in thousand 10,031 EE EstoniaEs Population density, inhabitants per sq. km 108 ES SpainSp Number of parliamentary FI FinlandFi representatives 386 FR FranceFr Number of representatives to the European Parliament 22 GR GreeceGr Highest point, m Kékes, 1,014 HU HungaryHu Longest rivers, km Tisza, 596, Danube, 417

COUNTRIES IE IrelandIre

Largest lake, sq. km Lake Balaton, 594 OF IT ItalyIta Number of thermal springs 1,289 IST

L LT LithuaniaLi Number of thermal baths 270

LU LuxembourgLu Number of world heritage sites 8

LV LatviaLa Number of protected natural areas 1,505 MT MaltaM Area thereof, thousand hectares 884 NL NetherlandsNe Length of motorways, km 911 PL PolandPo Largest airport Ferihegy PT PortugalPo Currency forint (HUF)

RO RomaniaRo

SE SwedenSw

SI SloveniaSlo

SK SlovakiaSlo

UK UnitedUn Kingdom

22 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 22 2010.08.02. 10:03:36 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

Distance on public roads between Budapest and some European cities (km)

Athens 1,570 London 1,670

Belgrade 400 Madrid 2,620

Berlin 910 Moscow 1,980

Bratislava 194 Paris 1,460

Brussels 1,370 Prague 570 Bucharest 830 Rome 1,250

Copenhagen 1,290 Stockholm 1,920

the Hague 1,450 Vienna 250

Helsinki 2,570 Warsaw 680

Kiev 1,155 Zagreb 342 Ljubljana 432

Helsinki

Stockholm

Copenhagen Moscow

London the Hague Berlin Warsaw Brussels Prague Bratislava Kiev Vienna Paris Budapest Ljubljana Zágreb Bucharest Belgrade Rome

Madrid

AthensAthénAthéAthAtAthéththhéén

HUNGARIAN CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE, 2010 23

Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 23 2010.08.02. 10:03:37 Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 24 Balance of international migration per 1000 inhabitants, 2009 DK, MT RO, BG FR, CY EU-27 HU UK GR DE NL CZ LU AT AT SK BE PT LV EE LT PL ES SE IT IE FI SI 24 –9.9 –4.6 –2.1 –0.7 –0.4 –0.1 13.6 0.1 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.3 5.0 5.1 6.4 7.3 8.8 b) WithMontenegrins. a) Administrativeclassificationasof1January2010. eae,tosn ,4 ,7 ,6 5,257 10,014 5,268 10,031 10,045 5,276 10,200 5,349 Number offemalesper Total, thousand Females, thousand Males, thousand Number, Villages Other towns Budapest Of which:distribution Slovakian huadmls1131161161,105 1,106 1,106 1,103 thousand males thousand persons Serbian German Ukrainian Romanian by nationality,% Chinese Denomination Distribution ofpopulationbycharactersettlements b) P Foreign citizensresidinginHungary OPULATION Main demographicdata ,5 ,6 ,6 4,757 4,763 4,769 4,851 0120 092010 2009 2008 2001 083. 0730.6 52.2 17.2 30.7 52.2 17.1 31.0 52.1 16.9 30.8 52.0 17.2 1 7 8 198 184 175 110 38 1 1 7 8 5 21 , at thebeginningofyear VITAL 10 38 3 8 6 099 G

EVENTS ENERAL H UNGARY

10 36 CHARACTERISTICS 3 9 6

a) FIGURES , % 2010.08.02. 10:03:48 2009 , 37 3 9 9 6 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

Population of largest towns in Hungary and population density of regions, 1 January 2010

Miskolc (169,226 ) Nyíregyháza (117,832) Győr Budapest (130,478) Debrecen (1,721,556) (207,270) Székesfehérvár (101,973) Kecskemét (112,233)

Legend

Szeged Population, (169,713) number Pécs Population density per sq. km (157,680) – 70

71 – 80 EVENTS 81 – 90 91 – 100 101 – VITAL ,

Major vital events

Denomination 2001 2007 2008 2009

Per thousand inhabitants OPULATION live births 9.5 9.7 9.9 9.6 P deaths 13.0 13.2 13.0 13.0 marriages 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.7 divorces 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 Infant mortality (per thousand live births) 8.1 5.9 5.6 5.1 Proportion of children born outside marriage, % 30.3 37.5 39.5 40.8 Total fertility rate 1.31 1.32 1.35 1.33 Average life expectancy at birth, years 72.3 73.3 73.8 74.0 males 68.2 69.2 69.8 70.1 females 76.5 77.3 77.8 77.9

HUNGARIAN CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE, 2010 25

Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 25 2010.08.02. 10:03:49 IE 2.10 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

Factors of change in the number of population

Thousand persons 30 FR 2.00 20

0 SE 1.91 –10 UK 1.90 DK 1.89 –20

–30 FI 1.85 –40

–50 BE 1.80 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

NL 1.77 International migration gain Natural decrease in population Actual decrease in population

EE 1.65 Total fertility rate, 2008 Total fertility Age structure of population, dependency ratio

LU 1.61 (%)

2001 2008 2009 2010 Denomination at the beginning of the year EU-27 1.55 Old-age population as a percentage 91.3 107.6 109.9 112.6 SI 1.53 of child population GR 1.51 CZ 1.50 Age structure BG 1.48 Aged 14 or less 16.6 15.0 14.9 14.7 LT 1.47 Aged 15–64 68.3 68.8 68.8 68.6 ES, CY 1.46 MT, LV 1.44 Aged 65 or older 15.1 16.2 16.4 16.6 As a percentage of 15–64 year-olds AT 1.41 Child population 24.3 21.8 21.6 21.5 PL 1.39 DE 1.38 Old-age population 22.2 23.5 23.8 24.2 IT, PT 1.37

RO, HU 1.35 SK 1.32

26 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 26 2010.08.02. 10:03:50 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

Population number by sex, age and marital status, 1 January 2009

100–X

Males Females

60 EVENTS

50 VITAL , 40

30 OPULATION P

0 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Thousand inhabitants Age, years Thousand inhabitants Single Married Widow Divorced

HUNGARIAN CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE, 2010 27

Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 27 2010.08.02. 10:03:51 Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 28 Proportion of employees with a fixed-term contract, 2009, % Y R 13.5 CY, FR E I14.5 DE, FI EU-27 HU K8.9 DK T4.7 5.5 MT UK O1.0 RO R12.1 GR G4.6 BG L18.0 NL Z7.5 CZ U7.2 LU T9.1 AT K4.3 SK E8.2 BE T22.0 PT V4.4 LV E2.5 EE T2.3 LT L26.4 PL E14.9 SE 25.5 ES T12.5 IT E8.5 IE I16.2 SI 28 13.4 8.4 –100 –120 Thousand ubro mlydpros huad387038913,751.3 3,849.1 3,897.0 Employment rate,% Number ofemployedpersons,thousand ubro nmlydpros huad317388420.3 328.8 311.7 Unemployment rate,% Number ofunemployedpersons,thousand Proportion ofemployeeswithafixed-term Proportion ofpart-timeemployees,% –80 –60 –40 –20 100 120 females males females males contract inallemployees,% 20 40 60 80 0 00 01 02 03 04 0520 20 08 2009 20072008 20052006 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Characteristics ofemployment andunemployment Year-on-year changeinthenumberofemployed E Denomination MPLOYMENT mlydpros Unemployed persons Employed persons (population aged 15 and 64 years) (population aged15and64 (within populationaged15–64) and unemployed persons Unemployment Employment , UNEMPLOYMENT 0720 2009 2008 2007 G 406. 61.1 63.0 64.0 735. 55.4 56.7 57.3 095. 49.9 50.6 50.9 ENERAL . . 9.8 10.3 8.1 7.7 7.7 7.2 . . 10.1 7.9 7.4 5.2 4.3 3.9 . . 8.4 7.8 7.3 H UNGARY

CHARACTERISTICS

FIGURES 2010.08.02. 10:03:52 2009 , Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 29 H Public administration,health,education elett,rnigadbsns ciiis19.6 Real estate,rentingandbusinessactivities Financial intermediation,insurance Information, communication Hotels andrestaurants Transport andstorage Trade andrepair Construction Of which: Industry Agriculture National economy,total UNGARIAN and othercommunityserviceactivities energy industry manufacturing G ENERAL 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 % C 0

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL Epoe Unemployed Employed Number ofemployed personsbyindustries,2009 Industries Distribution ofemployed andunemployed people S TATISTICAL (within populationaged15–64) by highest qualification, 2009 by highestqualification, O FFICE , 2010 thousand 3,751.3 Persons, 996.9 151.7 253.6 546.2 291.2 791.3 883.2 173.5 95.2 90.4 87+15.0 38.7 Year-on-year change –2.5 +0.6 –1.7 +2.1 –6.0 –2.8 –1.6 –4.8 –6.4 –6.9 –5.9 +3.9 Primary schoolorless vocational school Vocational andspecialized with GCSE Secondary school College University percentage Proportion of women 46.0 68.0 53.8 67.9 32.3 55.2 25.9 53.1 37.5 20.6 35.7 26.1 7.3 29 2010.08.02. 10:03:53

EMPLOYMENT , UNEMPLOYMENT IT 14.6 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

INCOME, CONSUMPTION AT 13.8 INCOME FR 13.3 PT 13.1 Income

(previous year = 100.0) DE 12.4 Denomination 2006 2007 2008 2009 NL, GR 12.1 EU-27 11.9 Real income per capita 102.5 95.7 .. .. SE 11.8 Real wages and salaries per earner 103.6 95.4 100.8 97.6 PL 11.6 Real value of pensions per pensioner 104.5 99.8 103.4 94.6 Volume of social transfers in kind 101.8 91.3 98.8 96.7

FI, DK 10.8 BE 10.7 UK 10.5 Earnings HU 10.4 Thousand HUF % 150 50 135 45 SI 9.7 120 40 105 35 MT 9.1 ES 9.0 90 30 75 25 60 20 45 15 LU, CZ 8.2 30 10 Expenditure on pensions as a percentage of GDP, 2007 15 5 0 0 BG, SK 7.3 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Average net monthly earnings, thousand HUF CY 6.8 Growth of real earnings compared to 2000, % LT 6.6 RO 6.4

EE 5.9

LV 5.3 IE 5.2

30 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 30 2010.08.02. 10:03:53 Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 31 H UNGARIAN Manual workers Manual workers National economy,total Non-manual workers National economy,total Non-manual workers Average monthlyamountofprovisions,HUF vrg ubro eiins huad29901429. 1,245.9 95.1 174.2 2,989.0 Average numberofrecipients,thousand Expenditure onprovisions,billionHUF a) Numberoffamilies.–b)Perfamily. G as %ofGDP Thousand HUF ENERAL 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 Denomination 20012000 2002 2003200420052006 2007 2008 2009 C

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL Denomination Average monthlyearningsbymaingroupsofstaff S TATISTICAL Pensions andfamily support,2009 Change ofrealpensionscomparedto2000,% Amount ofpensions,thousandHUF Average monthlypensions Average grossearnings,HUF O Average netearnings,HUF FFICE , 2010 114,282 185,017 122,643 255,601 146,902 2007 85,455 Pensions ,9. 428. 366.7 89.8 64.2 2,991.1 3333,1 87524,524 78,725 30,716 83,393 1502031.4 0.3 0.2 11.5 Child care allowance 9,4 199,775 198,741 2,6 124,086 121,969 5,6 157,715 157,064 7,8 270,527 274,583 3,4 131,773 130,744 2008 90,503 Child care fee 91,764 2009 allowance 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 % Family b) a) 31 2010.08.02. 10:03:55

INCOME, CONSUMPTION Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 32 Household final consumption expenditure as % of GDP, 2009 UK, MT EU-27 IT, SK HU DK RO GR BG CY DE NL CZ LU AT BE PT LV FR EE LT PL SE ES IE FI SI 32 31.7 45.5 47.1 47.7 48.4 48.9 50.9 51.4 51.5 52.8 53.1 54.0 55.0 56.9 57.1 58.3 59.5 60.0 60.6 61.4 62.7 63.7 65.0 67.8 68.1 71.5 Social transfersinkind Final consumptionexpenditureof Total Social transfersinkind

Other Health Transport, communication Food andnon-alcoholicbeverages (from government) households (from non-profitinstitutions) C 100 20 40 60 80 % ONSUMPTION 0 Structure ofhouseholdconsumption inHungary Denomination Hungary Final consumption ofhouseholds and theEU,2008 volume, previousyear=100.0 0. 959. 79.4 92.4 99.5 100.3 0. 939. 2.6 95.5 99.3 101.7 0720 2009 2008 2007 849. 33100.0 93.3 99.4 98.4 009. 6918.0 96.9 98.8 90.0 recreation, restaurants Alcoholic beverages,tobacco, Clothing andfootwear Housing G ENERAL H UNGARY EU-27

CHARACTERISTICS

FIGURES distribu- 2010.08.02. 10:03:56 tion, % 2009 , Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 33 H Consumer durablegoods UNGARIAN oeteteeupet61 110 11 15 6 Air conditioner Home theatreequipment Dishwasher Cleaning machine Digital camera CD player DVD Passenger car Washing machine, Microwave oven G automatic automatic andsemi- ENERAL Meat andfish Fats andoils Vegetables Potatoes C

CHARACTERISTICS Fruits Sugar ENTRAL Flour Consumer durablegoodsper100households,2008 6080 2040 100 0 120 140 kg S TATISTICAL Average foodconsumption percapita 2006 20072008 Households children without O 04 344 48 54 73 13 93 27 57 90 35 42 66 53 77 75 73 20 89 27 37 93 48 80 81 FFICE 3 14 15 6 9 , 2010 Households children with 4 come decile Lowest in- 1 15 14 5 6 come decile Highest in- 9 Total 36 50 56 83 85 27 11 3 9 9 33 2010.08.02. 10:03:59

INCOME, CONSUMPTION IT 81.6 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS FR 81.3

ES, SE 81.1 HEALTH

Primary health care, inpatient service AT, NL 80.4

CY, DE 80.1 Denomination 2006 2007 2008 BE, MT 79.9 IE, UK 79.8 Primary health care Inhabitants per GP and family paediatrician, persons 1,535 1,540 1,529 FI 79.6 LU 79.5 Annual number of visits at a GP’s consultations 11,455 9,702 10,163 GR 79.4 Annual home visits by a GP 840 583 593

EU-27 79.2 Number of a GP’s directing patients to PT 79.1 specialists’ consultations 1,826 2,005 2,212 Number of a GP’s sending patients to hospitals 87 84 87 486 386 370 DK, SI 78.4 Annual number of home visits per nurse Number of home visits by specialised nurses per patient 29 31 30 Inhabitants per pharmacy 4,835 4,507 4,270 Inpatient service CZ 77.0 Hospital beds in operation, per ten thousand inhabitants 79 72 71 Share of active beds, % 75 62 62 Number of nursing days, million 21.6 19.3 20.1 Average length of nursing, in acute wards, days 6.1 5.6 5.5

PL 75.4 Average length of nursing, in chronic wards, days 32.2 27.0 27.4 Number of discharged patients, thousand 2,716 2,423 2,508

Average life expectancy at birth, 2007, year Average life One-day hospital care, thousand cases 58.5 88.4 121.9 SK 74.6

Distribution of population aged 18 or over, based on body mass index, 2009 % HU 73.3 100 RO 73.2 90 EE 73.1 80 BG 73.0 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Females Males LV 71.2 LT 70.9 Obese Overweight Normal Underweight

34 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 34 2010.08.02. 10:04:01 Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 35 H Aged 35–64 Aged 35–64 Aged 18–34 UNGARIAN Surgery Rheumatology Physiotherapy Oto-rhino-laryngology Ophthalmology Neurology Neonatology andpaediatrics Laboratory diagnostics Internal medicine Dentistry G ENERAL Aged 65 or over Fields ofspecialisation C

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL 0 Most visited fields inoutpatientservice,2008 Most visitedfields S TATISTICAL Proportion ofregularsmokers,2009 10 O Females Males FFICE , 2010 Cases ofatten- dances 121 64 26 33 21 24 16 38 71 12 20 per hundredinhabitants Interventions 1,445 323 109 216 148 145 80 83 83 74 30 Working hours Working hours performed by performed by specialists 47 13 40 % 7 7 1 5 7 8 5 7 35 2010.08.02. 10:04:02

HEALTH Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 36 Proportion of those aged 15 with a low level of reading literacy of PISA test, 2006, % ES, LT EU-27 HU DK UK RO GR BG DE NL CZ LU AT SK BE PT LV FR PL SE IT IE FI SI 36 15.1 15.3 16.0 16.2 16.5 19.0 19.4 20.0 20.6 21.2 21.5 21.7 22.6 22.9 24.8 24.9 25.7 26.4 27.7 27.8 51.1 53.5 12.1 4.8 16–17 yearolds 18–22 yearolds 14–15 yearolds a) Comparedwiththetotalnumberofstudents. 6–13 yearolds 3–5yearolds uissuet e ru 282. 252. x 16.9 11.6 27.4 13.4 22.5 10.4 20.3 11.0 22.8 Pupils/students perteacher Pupils/students pergroup Number offull-timepupils/ Of which: share ofpupils/studentsin share ofgirls,% students, thousand institutions, % state orlocalgovernment Denomination Full-time pupils/studentsasapercentageof 20 40 60 80 0 100 % population ofcorrespondingage Data onschoolyear2009/2010 2005/2006 2008/2009 E DUCATION Kinder- garten 2. 7. 3. 443.0 138.6 773.5 328.6 399. 477. 88.3 79.4 84.7 91.9 93.9 814. 685. 53.2 52.6 36.8 48.2 48.1 Primary school G ENERAL H school tional Voca- UNGARY

CHARACTERISTICS Second-

school IN ary

FIGURES 2010.08.02. 10:04:04 Tertiary 242.7 level 2009 ,

a) Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 37 H Students intertiaryundergraduate(Bachelor)andpostgraduate(Master) a) Includingstudentsinuniversityandcollegeleveleducationundividedtraining. * Includingstudentsinuniversityandcollegeleveleducationundividedtraining. Teacher trainingandeducationscience Social sciences Services Science Law Humanities Health andwelfare Engineering, manufacturingandconstruction Computing Business andadministration Arts Agriculture Total UNGARIAN Students intertiaryeducation Secondary schoolstudentswholiveinstudents’hostels Vocational schoolstudentswholiveinstudents’hostels Primary schoolpupilswho 20–24 year-oldswithatleastsecondaryeducation Students withadegreeaspercentageof22year-olds Students withG.C.S.E.asapercentageof18year-olds With tertiaryeducation With atleastsecondaryeducation With atmostprimaryeducation G otl 022. 19.4 20.1 20.2 hostels hold ascholarship receive meals receive meals attend day-timehomesservices ENERAL C

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL Denomination S Denomination TATISTICAL Denomination Students withG.C.S.E.,graduates training by fields oftraining* training byfields Services relatedtoeducation 25–64 year-oldsbyqualification a) O wholiveinstudents’ FFICE , 2010 2001/2002 100.0 21.4 15.1 13.9 0720 0820 2009/2010 2008/2009 2007/2008 9.5 8.7 1.7 5.6 7.4 8.1 3.5 1.5 3.6 436. 67.4 65.4 64.3 132. 20.1 9.4 8.4 20.8 9.8 44.0 9.7 21.3 10.3 42.8 10.1 41.4 . . 1.9 2.2 2.1 0620 2008 2007 2006 298. 83.6 22.0 54.2 84.0 21.5 62.9 82.9 23.1 62.0 771. 19.2 79.7 20.3 18.0 79.2 20.8 17.7 78.1 21.9 2009/2010 100.0 15.8 24.1 9.7 9.4 3.7 4.9 8.1 9.5 3.2 2.1 2.5 6.9 (%) (%) (%) 37 2010.08.02. 10:04:06

EDUCATION SE 3.75 FI 3.73 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

SCIENCE

Research and development data by research units, 2008

Higher Business Government Denomination education enterprise Total sector sector sector Expenditures, million HUFa) 62,314 58,704 140,042 266,388 Actual staff number, persons 9,996 26,240 14,043 50,279 DK 2.72 Actual staff number of AT 2.67 scientists, persons 5,750 18,581 9,408 33,739 DE 2.63 Share of females among scientists, % 38.2 36.8 22.3 33.0 Hungarian-language papers per 100 scientistsb) 97 180 11 87 Foreign-language papers per 100 scientistsb) 94 149 5 74

FR 2.02 a) Including government funds spent on the honorariums and salary supplements of those having scientific degrees, and also on the salary of holders of state scientific scholarships. BE 1.92 b) The indicators were made using the “calculated staff number”, based on the measurement EU-27 1.90 unit representing one person working full-time in R&D activities (full-time equivalents). UK 1.88 Proportions of R&D expenditures financed by government and business enterprises SI 1.66 NL 1.63 % LU 1.62 70 PT 1.51 CZ 1.47 60 Total R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP, 2008 IE 1.43 ES 1.35 50 EE 1.29 40 IT 1.18 30 HU 1.00 20

LT 0.80 10

PL, LV 0.61 0 RO 0.58 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 MT 0.54 BG 0.49 SK 0.47 Government Enterprises CY 0.46

38 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 38 2010.08.02. 10:04:06 Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 39 H Electrical machinery(excl.electronics) Other non-metallicmineralproducts UNGARIAN * Source:HungarianPatentOffice. G Chemicals (excl.pharmaecuticals) Metal products(excl.machinery) ENERAL 2008 2007 2000 Pharmaceuticals, biotechnology Computers, officemachinery Food, beveragesandtobacco 60708090 50 10203040 100 0 % C Other industrialproducts

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL Number ofpatentapplicationsbybranches,2009* development Basic research Machinery elements S TATISTICAL Paper, printing Motor vehicles Construction Instruments Electronics Use ofR&Dexpenditures O FFICE 0 0 0 0 2 150 120 piece 90 60 30 0 , 2010 ple eerh Experimental Applied research 39 2010.08.02. 10:04:08

SCIENCE UK 64.3 ES 63.0 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

BE 60.6 CULTURE, SPORT

Selected indicators of cultural life

Denomination 2007 2008 2009 Number of titles of published books 13,239 14,447 12,841 Number of copies of published books, thousand 42,629 42,507 36,024 Cinema attendances per thousand inhabitants 1,085 1,164 1,067 Theatre attendances per thousand inhabitantsa) 403 406 441 Concert attendances per thousand inhabitantsb) 40 95 114 IE 47.4 Museum attendances per thousand inhabitants 1,111 1,014 949 a) From 2009 also including alternative theatres. PL 42.9 b) From 2008 the scope of respondents was extended. AT 42.1 Books by nationality of author MT 41.5

BG 39.5 2007 2008 2009 LU 38.5 Denomination previous PT 36.8 number of titles year = 100.0 SI 35.2 Published books, total 13,239 14,447 12,841 88.9 FR 33.9 Of which: Hungarian 8,828 10,092 9,281 92.0 HU 31.0 American (USA) 2,047 1,894 1,597 84.3 LV 30.4 British 726 649 533 82.1 IT 30.0 German 567 605 485 80.2 GR 27.0 French 203 225 168 74.7 DE 26.7 Youth and children’s literature, total 1,071 1,123 924 82.3 LT 24.4 Of which: Hungarian 394 399 373 93.5 American (USA) 268 333 194 58.3 Proportion of screening rooms in multiplex cinemas, 2007, % NL 20.0 British 110 133 121 91.0 DK 18.8 CZ 18.7 German 141 108 81 75.0 RO 18.0 French 24 29 22 75.9 SE 16.6 EE 16.4 FI 16.1 Theatre guest performances, 2008

Hungarian theatres Foreign theatres Denomination abroad in Hungary Number of countries 24 28 Number of performances 347 274 SK 8.0 Attendances, thousand 98 46 Attendances per performance 284 169

40 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 40 2010.08.02. 10:04:12 Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 41 H United Kingdom Million UNGARIAN Czech Republic G 2 0 20 20 03 0420 06 20072009 2008 200420052006 20022003 2001 2000 10 15 20 Luxembourg ENERAL Netherlands 0 5 * Source:Eurobarometer. Lithuania Denmark Germany Romania Hungary Portugal Slovenia Belgium Bulgaria Slovakia Sweden Finland Estonia Ireland Greece Cyprus Austria Proportion ofthosereportingneverdoingsports*,2009 Poland France C Latvia Spain Malta

CHARACTERISTICS Italy ENTRAL 10 0 20 3040 50 60 70 % Proportion ofcinema-goersattendingHungarianfilms,% Attendances, million S TATISTICAL O Cinema attendances FFICE , 2010 Average ofEU-27 0 5 10 15 20 % 41 2010.08.02. 10:04:12

CULTURE, SPORT PL 101.6 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

ECONOMIC GROWTH, INVESTMENTS

Gross domestic product (%)

Distri- Change in volume compared to the previous year GR 97.8 Industries bution, 2009a) MT 97.7 2007 2008 2009 Total GDP 100.0 1.0 0.6 –6.3 CY 97.3 PT 97.2 Of which: FR 96.8 Agriculture, hunting and forestry, BE 96.2 fishing 3.0 –21.3 54.3 –17.5 AT 96.1 Industry 24.9 6.0 0.4 –15.9 NL, EU-27 95.5 Construction 4.8 –6.7 –3.6 –3.0 DE, BG 95.4 SK, ES 95.1 Trade and repair, CZ 95.0 hotels and restaurants 13.0 4.0 –2.5 –8.5 LU 94.8 Transport, storage and communication 8.2 5.1 0.8 –4.3 DK 94.6 Financial intermediation, real estate, UK 94.5 renting and business activities 23.6 0.5 –1.5 0.8 IT 94.3 Public administration, education, SE 94.0 health and social work 17.7 –3.9 –2.0 –1.0 HU 93.8 Other community, social and RO 93.1 personal service activities 4.8 3.0 –5.8 –1.0 Total domestic use of GDP 93.0 –1.2 0.7 –11.5 IE 92.4 Of which:

FI 91.8 actual final consumption of SI 91.3 households 64.7 –1.6 –0.6 –6.7 actual final consumption of government 9.8 –4.3 –0.3 1.0 Actual final consumption, total 74.5 –2.0 –0.6 –5.7 Real GDP per capita, 2009 (previous year=100.0) Gross fixed capital formation 20.0 1.6 0.4 –6.5

a) In case of production, total of branches, at basic prices = 100.0; in case of use, total GDP = 100.0.

GDP and its main components of use (2000 = 100) % 140 EE 85.9 130 LT 85.7 120

110

100 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 LV 82.4 GDP Actual final Gross fixed capital consumption of formation households

42 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 42 2010.08.02. 10:04:17 Hungary_figures_FEJ01-08.indd 43 H Billion HUF 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 UNGARIAN 2008 2007 2006 2000 Period G ENERAL 0 –4 –2 % 0 2 4 6 8 20 20 2009 2008 2007 Export (+)andimport asaproportionofGDP (–)surplus Foreign directinvestmentsinHungaryand 20052006 20012000 2002 2003200420082009 2007 C

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL S FDI stockinHungary TATISTICAL Expenditure oninvestment O (stocks atendofyear) of residentsabroad FFICE 15,161 13,635 14,810 5,577 , 2010 Manufacturing Real estateactivities Transportation andstorage of motorvehiclesandmotorcycles Wholesale andretailtrade;repair Non-market services Agriculture, forestryandfishing Other industries Hungarian capitalstockabroad 3,095 2,291 2,814 (billion HUF) 351 43 2010.08.02. 10:04:18

ECONOMIC GROWTH , INVESTMENTS Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 44 Ratio of „Maastricht” debt of government sector to gross domestic product, at the end of 2009, % EU-27 HU DK UK MT RO GR BG CY DE NL CZ LU AT SK BE PT LV FR EE LT PL SE ES IT IE FI SI 44 115.1 115.8 64.0 23.7 29.3 35.4 35.7 35.9 36.1 41.6 42.3 44.0 51.0 53.2 56.2 60.9 66.5 68.1 69.1 73.2 73.6 76.8 77.6 78.3 96.7 14.5 14.8 7.2 HUF 100 150 200 250 300 2 0 20 02 0320 0520 20 2008 20072009 200320042005 20012002 2006 2000 Of which: General government Of which: Balance ofcurrentaccount Local governments Social securityfunds Central government Current transfers Incomes Services Goods Denomination Balance ofgeneralgovernmentanditssubsystems Denomination Balance ofcurrentaccountanditsitems Annual averageforeignexchangerates EUR USD CHF E (on accrualbasis) QUILIBRIUM 2007 124–,0 –1,035 –1,005 –1,264 –1,420 –22 177 666–,0 153 –7,504 –6,606 735–,1 –5,642 –7,714 –7,345 0720 2009 2008 2007 ,4 6 1,474 960 1,049 50–8 309 –686 –500 9 6 4,012 –64 190 G ENERAL 2008 H 90–818 –950 UNGARY 8 –108 –80 6–109 26

CHARACTERISTICS

FIGURES (million EUR) (billion HUF) 2009 2010.08.02. 10:06:54 2009 , Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 45 H UNGARIAN Ratio of general government deficit inlinewithMaastrichtcriterionto Ratio ofgeneralgovernmentdeficit Government services Business services Transport services Travel Machinery andtransportequipment Manufactured goods Fuels, electricenergy Crude materials Food, beverages,tobacco Import andexportvolumesofmerchandisetrade(previousyear=100) G 100 105 120 110 115 10 Total Total 80 85 90 95 % % ENERAL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2001 2002 2003200420052006 2009 2007 2008 20012000 200320042005200620072008 2002 2009 C

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL Denomination Imports Exports External tradeingoodsandservices,2009 S TATISTICAL O gross domesticproduct FFICE , 2010 Services Goods mot xot Balance Exports Imports 5585,9 3,979 59,497 55,518 1311,5 1,541 12,852 11,311 7693,7 8,505 –1,594 36,174 16,079 27,669 17,673 ,6 ,6 –605 6,164 6,769 ,0 ,8 1,472 2,511 4,080 1,780 2,608 1,229 4,301 3,072 ,7 ,3 –4,536 1,635 6,171 154 3 1,308 933 97 Maastricht criterion (million EUR) –57 731 374 45 2010.08.02. 10:06:56

EQUILIBRIUM DK 145.9 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

PRICES

Consumer price index (previous year =100.0) Denomination 2007 2008 2009

FI 122.9 Food and non-alcoholic beverages 112.0 110.5 103.9 LU 120.1 Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 106.9 105.6 107.8 IE 118.4 FR 116.8 Clothing and footwear 101.0 100.0 100.6 BE 115.4 Housing, water, electricity, gas and AT 113.7 other fuels 115.1 109.4 107.7 NL 112.7 SE 110.4 Furnishing, housing equipment and routine maintenance 101.6 100.9 103.3 DE 107.4 IT 105.3 Health 120.7 99.0 103.4 Transport 103.4 106.2 100.6

EU-27 100.0 Communications 96.5 99.4 101.0 Recreation and culture 103.2 103.2 103.0 GR 94.4 ES 93.5 Education 106.4 104.6 100.7 UK 92.3 Restaurants and hotels 108.2 107.5 106.2 CY 91.7 Miscellaneous goods and services 105.0 104.1 104.5 Total 108.0 106.1 104.2 PT 85.4 SI 84.1 Relative price level, 2009 (EU-27=100)

External trade price indices and terms of trade MT 75.7 (previous year=100.0) LV 71.8 EE 70.0 Denomination 2007 2008 2009 SK 69.3 Import price index 95.6 102.1 101.2 CZ 69.0 Export price index 95.5 100.4 103.0 LT 63.7 HU 62.5 Terms of trade 99.9 98.3 101.8

PL 56.7

RO 50.5

BG 46.1

46 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 46 2010.08.02. 10:06:58 Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 47 H 100 150 160 170 120 130 110 140 200720082009 200420052006 20022003 2001 UNGARIAN % Natural andmanufactured(piped)gas,10m Electricity (daytime),10kWh Gasoline (unleaded,95octane),l Hi-fi set Colour stereoTV(70–75cm,teletext) Beer, lager,0.5lbottle Hungarian salami,kg Milk (2.8%),l Bread (home-madetype),kg Water charges,m G ENERAL Average consumerpricesofselectedgoodsandservices C

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL Denomination 3 S TATISTICAL Consumer prices Industrial producerprices Agricultural producerprices Producer andconsumerprices O FFICE (2000 =100) , 2010 3 0720 2009 2008 2007 9603,0 32,950 35,200 39,640 0206,8 57,300 63,380 70,200 ,5 ,7 4,980 4,770 4,550 8 2 449 278 420 293 383 276 201 293 219 293 187 256 5 7 300 1,070 273 931 252 757 3 4 155 141 130 (HUF) 47 2010.08.02. 10:06:58

PRICES IE 473 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

SI 444 AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY, SERVICES

AGRICULTURE

Gross agricultural production (2000 = 100) % 180 BE 330 160 NL 313 140

120

UK 263 100

60 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 DE 209 FR 196 Crop production Animal husbandry Agriculture, total PL 156 EU-27 148 IT 142 Production of basic crop products AT 140 LT 135 DK 132 2007 2008 2009 Denomination as % of FI 117 thousand tons EU-27 CZ 116 ES 110 Wheat 3,987 5,631 4,396 3.2 SE 100 Maize 4,027 8,897 7,542 13.2 LV 99 HU 94 Sunflower 1,060 1,468 1,259 19.3

Chemical fertiliser use in active ingredients, per hectare of cultivated area, kg, 2008 Chemical fertiliser EE, SK 93 PT 91 Sugar-beet 1,693 573 692 0.6 GR, CY 88 Vegetables 1,760 1,818 1,600 2.8a) Fruits 360 840 932 1.4a) Grape 540 571 609 2.3a)

BG 45 a) Data of 2008. RO 37

48 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 48 2010.08.02. 10:07:00 Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 49 H 100 UNGARIAN Animals forslaughter, Cows’ milk,millionlitres Cattle Honey, tons Wool, tons Hen eggs,million a) Dataof2008. Pigs Horses Poultry Sheep G 20 40 60 80 % thousand tons 0 ENERAL 20 2009 2000 Denomination Denomination C

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL Structure ofproductionagriculturalproducts S TATISTICAL Production ofmajoranimalproducts O FFICE , 2010 5962,9 20011.4 22,000 22,394 15,996 Livestock 0720 2009 2008 2007 ,4 ,7 ,0 2.6 2,807 2,879 2,843 ,9 ,0 1,367 1,400 1,396 ,0 ,3 ,4 2.2 4,444 4,535 4,603 ,9 ,9 ,0 1.2 1,702 1,792 1,794 38,281 2007 3,871 1,232 705 60 in naturalunits Cereals Industrial crops Horticultural products,potatoes Fruits Other cropproducts Animals Animal products 39,716 2008 3,383 1,236 701 58 (thousand heads) 40,264 2009 3,247 1,223 as %of 700 EU-27 61 .. a) a) a) a) 49 2010.08.02. 10:07:02

AGRICULTURE , INDUSTRY , SERVICES RO 26.4 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS SK 25.5 HU 24.9 INDUSTRY, CONSTRUCTION, HOUSING

IE 23.9 Distribution of industrial production and sales by size of enterprises, 2009 SI 23.8 %

PL 23.0 100 250 persons or more 80

SE, AT, DE 22.1 60 50–249 persons BG 21.8 FI 21.6 40 5–49 persons 20 LT 20.4 4 persons or fewer 0 Production Domestic Export sales sales EE 19.5 Distribution of industrial production and sales *, 2009 IT 18.8 (%) Share of major branch groups EU-27 18.1 of industriala) NL 17.9 Branch, branch group export domestic DK 17.3 production sales PT, BE 16.7 Machinery branches 46.4 65.7 7.2 UK 16.2 Chemical industry 17.3 13.0 14.8 Manufacture of food products, MT 15.7 beverages and tobacco 11.5 5.3 13.3

ES 15.1 Electricity, gas and water supply 8.2 3.1 50.8 Manufacture of basic metals 6.0 5.6 4.1 Textile, leather, wood and paper industry, printing and publishing 4.6 3.7 3.7 LV 13.6 Other 6.0 3.6 6.1 Proportion of industry in gross value added, 2009, % * Excluding water and waste management. a) At current prices, the group of businesses with at least 5 employees = 100.0. FR 12.4 Production of industrial products GR 11.8 Products 2008 2009 Crude oil, thousand tons 775 743 Natural gas, million m3 2,691 2,517 Electricity, GWh 32,578 30,176 Paper and paperboard, thousand tons 404 441 CY 9.6 Motor fuel, thousand tons 2,556 2,352 Gas and fuel oil, thousand tons 3,737 3,406 Basic plastic material, thousand tons 1,434 1,289 LU 8.2 Seats with wooden frames, upholstered, thousand units 628 640

50 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 50 2010.08.02. 10:07:03 Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 51 H Settlement type UNGARIAN Total Villages te on 2,148 Other towns Budapest Average basic floor space of built Average basicfloorspaceofbuilt Number ofceaseddwellings Number ofbuiltdwellings osrcino ii niern ok 79.5 Construction ofcivilengineeringworks Construction ofbuildings Construction unitstotal 250 personsandmore 100 G 20– 49 persons 49 20– 50–249 persons 20 40 60 80 % dwellings, sq.m 5– 19 persons 19 5– 4 personsandfewer ENERAL 0 Otu Manual Output workers C

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL Denomination Megnevezés 2007 Dwelling stock,inhabitantsperdwellings,2009 Number ofdwell- Construction activitiesbycontractors,2008 ings, thousand S TATISTICAL Dwelling constructionandcessation 4,331 1,293 890 Volume index,previousyear=100.0 Distribution by size of enterprise, % Distribution bysizeofenterprise, Output ofconstructionunits O FFICE hundred dwell- Population per , 2010 ings, persons 231 243 239 194 6193,7 31,994 36,075 36,159 072008 2007 85.6 21.1 32.3 18.0 90.5 15.8 4,114 12.8 87.4 dwellings sq.m Average basic floor spaceof 76 85 75 63 households Construction activityof Non-construction businesses Construction industry 2008 103.3 3,745 95.0 21.9 30.2 21.2 90.5 14.9 11.8 90.0 hundred rooms, Inhabitants per persons 2009 2009 106.2 89 90 91 81 95.7 4,140 19.4 87.4 33.4 21.8 12.3 13.1 88.8 51 2010.08.02. 10:07:04

AGRICULTURE , INDUSTRY , SERVICES LV 61.3 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

LT 58.0 TRANSPORT

Goods transport performances, 2009

Volume of Performance, Share of performance Denomination billion freight international previous year = ton-kilometres traffic, % 100.0 Railway 7.7 78.3 82.8 Road 35.4 99.0 65.7 EE 44.7 Inland waterway 1.8 81.4 99.8 Pipeline 5.3 93.3 80.1 Total 50.2 93.8 71.1

Distribution of interurban passenger transport performances AT 37.4 in 2009 By number of passengers SE 35.3 (100% = 650.5 million persons) Ship Airplane 0.1% 0.7%

Rail FI 26.5 21.9%

PL 24.0 SK 23.4 CZ 23.3 DE 22.2 HU 20.6 BG 20.5 Coach RO 19.0 77.3% SI, EU-27 17.8 FR 15.9 BE 15.1 By performance expressed in passenger kilometres Proportion of rail transport in total inland goods transport, 2008, % IT 11.7 (100% = 24.8 billion passenger kilometres) UK 11.5 Airplane 22.0% DK 8.7 Ship Rail PT 6.1 0.1% 32.4% NL 5.4 ES 4.1 GR 2.7 LU 2.5 IE 0.6 MT, CY 0.0 Coach 45.5%

52 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 52 2010.08.02. 10:07:05 Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 53 H UNGARIAN Total Suburban railway Underground Trolleybus Tram Bus G Passenger transport of Budapest–Ferihegy Airport bymainpartner Passenger transportofBudapest–FerihegyAirport ENERAL United Kingdom Number ofpassengerstransportedinurbanpublictransport Denomination C Netherlands Switzerland

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL Germany Sweden France Spain Italy S TATISTICAL 1.21.4 0.60.81.0 0.0 0.20.4 million persons (Total =8.1millionpersons) O FFICE countries in2009 , 2010 2,332 1,357 2007 104 482 311 77 2,297 1,313 2008 104 478 326 76 (million persons) 2,179 1,229 2009 100 463 315 73 53 2010.08.02. 10:07:06

AGRICULTURE , INDUSTRY , SERVICES SE 47 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

IE 44 INTERNET, TELEPHONY

Internet subscriptions by type of connection DE 42 Thousand DK 40 3,000

2,500 NL 37 2,000

1,500

1,000

500

AT 30 0 2007 2008 2009 UK 28 Other (e.g. LAN, leased line) CZ 26 Public switched network (via modem) + ISDN FI 25 Wireless (with mobile internet)

EU-27 23 Cable-TV

LU 22 xDSL

LT, FR 20 SI 19

PT, MT 18 ES, EE 17 Share of enterprises using major information and

CY 15 communication technologies HU, IT 14 (%) Denomination 2007 2008 2009 SK 12

Proportion of enterprises purchasing via Internet and/or other networks, 2009, % Personal computer, workstation 88.0 88.1 89.2 Mobile phone 88.9 88.8 88.9 PL 9 Intranet 21.4 16.1 18.0 LV 8 Internet/www 82.8 84.7 86.8 E-mail (electronic mail) 81.9 83.5 85.6 BG 5 RO 4

54 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 54 2010.08.02. 10:07:07 Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 55 H UNGARIAN Average lengthofinitiatedcalls,minutes subscriptionnumber Calls (excludinginternetcalls)perlineor Number ofinitiatedcalls,million Number offixedmainlinesandmobilephone Of which:broadbandinternetconnection Internet connection Palmtop Laptop Desktop computer Mobile phone G subscriptions, thousand ENERAL length, minutes per 100inhabitants Information andcommunicationdevicesathouseholds C

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL S Denomination TATISTICAL Denomination Main dataoftelephony,2009 O FFICE , 2010 0720 2009 2008 2007 844. 55.1 48.4 56.8 38.4 90.4 54.6 88.0 50.6 86.4 304. 50.9 42.3 33.0 141. 21.0 15.7 11.4 . . 3.6 2.8 1.8 telephony Fixed-line ,7 7,789 11,792 1,778 3,060 ,1 1,413 1,813 06117.8 30.6 579 3.2 (as %ofhouseholds) Mobile telephony 661 2.1 55 2010.08.02. 10:07:09

AGRICULTURE , INDUSTRY , SERVICES CY 73.4 MT 72.6 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS GR 71.9 TOURISM

IE 69.0 Number of foreign visitors in Hungary by main countries (thousand) Country 2007 2008 2009 Slovakia 7,805 8,142 9,095 Romania 7,990 8,079 7,783 Austria 6,510 6,397 6,437

ES 61.7 Germany 3,059 3,103 3,130 Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo 2,927 2,279 2,201 Poland 1,293 1,526 1,566

SE 58.2 Ukraine 1,420 1,371 1,685 DK 58.0 Bulgaria 1,212 1,243 1,234 FR 56.9 Czech Republic 932 1,086 1,077 EE 56.0 SI 55.5 Croatia 1,119 990 971 IT 55.3 UK 55.0

Number and expenditures of foreign visitors in Hungary

NL 51.5 by purpose of travel, 2009 FI 51.0 PT 49.5 Visitors Visitor expenditures Motivation number, distribu- HUF distribu- thousand tion, % billion tion, % Leisure tourism 11,076 27.3 664 55.3 Of which: visiting friends and relatives, 3,838 9.4 131 10.9 1,812 4.5 144 12.0 DE 42.9 medical and health tourism Business tourism 1,594 3.9 156 13.0 BE 40.9 CZ 40.1 Of which: conference tourism 168 0.4 23 1.9 HU 39.9 Net occupancy rate in hotels and similar establishments, July 2009, % Tourist motivation total 12,670 31.2 820 68.3 BG 39.7 RO 39.0 Studying 308 0.8 35 3.0 PL 38.6 Shopping 10,595 26.1 158 13.2 LT 37.2 Working 2,112 5.2 101 8.4 LV 36.2 Transit travel 14,692 36.2 82 6.8 Other 246 0.6 4 0.4 Non-tourist motivation total 27,953 68.8 381 31.7 SK 30.7 Grand total 40,624 100.0 1,201 100.0 LU 29.4

56 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 56 2010.08.02. 10:07:09 Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 57 H UNGARIAN Share ofholidayvouchersfromdomestic Domestic accommodationfeeinpublic npbi comdto salsmns9,958 In privateaccommodationunits In publicaccommodationestablishments Total establishments In non-profitaccommodation Time spent,thousanddays Number oftravels,thousand Proportion ofparticipatingpersons,% G accommodation fees,% million HUF accommodation establishments, ENERAL Proportion ofdomestictourismnights,% Proportion offoreigntourismnights,% Wellness hotels Proportion ofdomestictourismnights,% Proportion offoreigntourismnights,% Spa hotels

C Western Transdanubia

CHARACTERISTICS ENTRAL Denomination Lake Balaton Spa andwellnesshotelsintouristregions Summary indicatorsofdomestictourism S TATISTICAL Number ofdomestictourismnights,thousand Transdanubia Transdanubia Southern Central O Overnight domestictravels FFICE

, 2010

Central-Danubia Budapest- 0,9 77373,302 87,723 105,593 3861,0 13,404 13,808 13,876 9895,0 51,671 52,904 49,859 6072,5 17,920 21,753 26,027 2007 Great Plain Northern Hungary 1,595 2,323 Southern 42.2 33

Lake Tisza

Northern Great Plain 2008 9,965 1,326 2,517 35.6 40 5,001 – 5,000 3,001 – 3,000 2,001 – – wellness hotels 2,000 Bedplaces ofspaand 2009 9,490 1,424 2,490 33.9 49 57 2010.08.02. 10:07:10

AGRICULTURE , INDUSTRY , SERVICES BG 59.0 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

ENVIRONMENT

Environment protection

Denomination 2006 2007 2008

Forest area, thousand ha 1,853 1,891 1,903 Municipal waste water treated in public treatment plants, total, million m3 536.0 510.8 519.7 Proportion of at least biologically treated waste water, % 71.5 74.9 73.9

RO 43.1 Municipal solid waste, kg/person 468 456 453 Proportion of dwellings covered by waste removal services, % 91.9 92.3 92.4 Emissions of carbon dioxide, kg/person 5,919 5,751 5,597 Non-methane volatile organic compounds 18 15 14 Emissions of sulphur dioxide, kg/person 12 8 9

IT 36.6 Emissions of particulate matter, kg/person 866

PL 34.0 Collection and disposal of municipal solid waste, 2008 ES 32.9 Collection SI 32.4 GR 32.3 CZ 32.0 15% PT 30.4 HU 29.7 NL 29.6 MT 29.3 Traditionally EU-27 28.1 Selectively FR 27.3 SK 26.3 85%

BE 25.1 UK 23.9 Disposal AT 23.8

Dust pollution in towns per one cubic metre of air, 2007, microgrammes DE 22.5 3% Through landfill 15% DK 21.0 LT 20.2 Incineration with energy production 9% EE 18.6 Through recycling SE 17.5 FI 16.8 With another process 73%

IE 12.6

58 HUNGARY IN FIGURES, 2009

Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 58 2010.08.02. 10:07:13 Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 59 H UNGARIAN 2007 2008 2009 G United Kingdom Czech Republic ENERAL Luxembourg Year Netherlands Lithuania Germany C Romania Hungary Portugal Slovenia Belgium Bulgaria Slovakia

Sweden Finland Estonia CHARACTERISTICS Ireland Greece Cyprus Austria Poland ENTRAL France Latvia Spain Malta Italy S (net importsasapercentageofenergysupply) 0 2040 80 60 100% TATISTICAL eaolspreviousyear=100.0 petajoules 1,040.0 1,125.4 1,126.3 Energy dependency,2008 O Energy consumption FFICE , 2010 Total 100.1 92.3 97.7 Average ofEU-27 Consumption perunit of GDP,previousyear = 100.0 96.7 99.5 98.5 59 2010.08.02. 10:07:15

ENVIRONMENT The pictures in the publication were obtained from Attila Fok (HCSO), Péter Marsalkó, photographer, the National Theatre of Pécs, the Pannon Philharmonic, the Library of the University of Pécs, Eszter Takács and MIZO Pécs 2010, or were selected from the photo store of HCSO.

©Hungarian Statistical Office, 2010 Responsible editor: Eszter Németh, Head of Department Futher information: Mónika Freid, Deputy Head of Department e-mail: [email protected] internet: www.ksh.hu e-mail: [email protected] Phone: +36-1-345-6789, Fax: +36-1-345-6788 Printed by: Xerox Magyarország Kft. – 2010.130

Hungary_figures_FEJ09-12.indd 60 2010.08.02. 10:07:17 Szamok_boríto_EN_2009.indd 2 CONTENTS Agriculture, industry,services 42 Prices Equilibrium Economic growth,investments Culture, sport Science Education Health 28 Income, consumption Employment, unemployment

An introductiontoPécs A walkinPécs Culture infocus General characteristics Environment Population, vitalevents

11 Page 48 46 44 40 38 36 34 30 24 58 22 9 1 according totourismregionsandresortareascanbefound aswell. counties, subregions,settlements,andregardingdata ontourism,maps under headingAtlasofregionsareavailableatvariousregionallevels: and socialphenomena.Interactivethematicmaps,accessible onourwebsite HCSO providesvisualtoolsbesidesdatatoenhanceunderstanding economic 2010.08.02. 10:49:47 HUNGARY IN FIGURES 2009

Hungarian Central Statistical Office

H-1024 Budapest, Keleti Károly str. 5-7. www.ksh.hu

Szamok_boríto_EN_2009.indd 1 2010.08.02. 10:49:26