TOOLS of IMPACT of the HUMAN ACTIVITIES on the WATER ENVIRONMENT Burmatova О.P

10 SCIENCES OF EUROPE # 3 (3), 2016 | ECONOMIC SCIENCES Литература 4. Фролов Д. П. Эволюционная перспектива институци- 1. Иншаков О., Фролов Д. Место институционализма в ональной экономики России: моногр. - Волгоград: Изд-во экономической науке // Экономист. - 205. - № 10. - с. 39-44 ВолГУ, 2008. - 462 с. 2. Лебедева Н. Н. Институциональный механизм эконо- 5. Шаститко А. Е. Новая институциональная экономиче- мики: сущность, структура, развитие. - Волгоград: Изд-во ская теория. - М.: Экономический факультет МГУ, ТЕИС, ВолГУ, 2002. - 326 с. 2002. - 591 с. 3. Райзберг Б. А. Государственное управление экономи- ческими и социальными процессами. - М.: ИНФРА-М, 2009. - 384 с. TOOLS OF IMPACT OF THE HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE WATER ENVIRONMENT Burmatova О.P. Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the RAS,Associate Professor, PhD, Senior Researcher, Novosibirsk ABSTRACT This article analyzes the possible negative anthropogenic impact on state of surface waters in the region and the choice of ways to prevent it. For this purpose an attempt is made to include the general problem of optimization of the spatial structure of the economy of the region block of conditions for protection of water resources. The author gives the economic and mathematical notation appropriate conditions. The interpretation of these conditions is given, as well as the possibility of their use for the analysis of the influence of anthropogenic activities on water environment are evaluated. Great attention is paid to the Lower Angara region. The paper describes the specific features of the Lower Angara region from the standpoint of the impact of the prospects for the development of production on the water environment. It is given the characteristic of the present stage of its development, and considered the strategic aspects of its further formation. It is shown the basic shortcomings of the investment project “Integrated Development of the Lower Angara” with an emphasis on environmental matters. It is concluded that the development of the region under conditions of observance of the environmental requirements is possible only under using advanced technology. Keywords:environmental management, sustainable development, water resources, environment strategy, water pollution con- trol, cleaner production, environmentally oriented technologies, water bodies. 1. Protection of water resources as one of the important directions of environmental activities in the development of a directions of environmental activities in the development of a regional conservation strategy. regional environmental strategy In order to identify the possible negative anthropogenic The growth of limitation of water resources, deterioration impact on state of surface waters in the region and the choice of of their quality make necessary inclusion problems of rational ways to prevent it we have attempted to include in the model of use and protection of water resources in a number of strategic choice of economic decisions in the region taking into account priorities for regional environmental policy. This problem their environmental effects the block of conditions for the is of particular relevance in regions which are experiencing protection of water resources [2, 4]. The goals, objectives and shortage of surface water resources and undergoing significant tools of analysis the impact of human activities on the water anthropogenic pressures on water bodies. Thus, the use and environment are shown in Figure 1. protection of water resources serves as one of the important Analysis of the possible impact of proposed economic activity in the region on the state of water bodies GOAL: formation prom. complex in the region with a view to minimizing the possible Tool for analysis anthropogenic pressure on its water environment The main tasks to be solved Optimization Identification of model of the ecologically Determina- spatial permissible scale of tion of the structure of the Predicting territorial total value economy of the the level concentration of of economic region with a of water production in terms damage block of pollution of formation of caused by conditions to anthropogenic water protect water impact on surface pollution resources water sources Figure 1. The goals, objectives and tools of analysis the impact of human activities on the water environment Block diagram of the initial model is shown in Fig. 2. It lists function coefficients, nonzero elements of communication are the basic conditions of the model and the study objects under shown. For simplicity, the block diagram model reflects the consideration, presents the nature of constraints and objective SCIENCES OF EUROPE # 3 (3), 2016 | ECONOMIC SCIENCES 11 conditions corresponding to the same areal (or industrial node) the formation of anthropogenic load on surface water sources; and one time period. determining the total value of economic damage caused by The main problem to be solved by using this block for the pollution of water bodies and others. Such a block is designed protection of water resources, provide for predicting the level of specifically for the conditions of the Lower Angara region water pollution; identification of ecologically acceptable scale and western part of Kansk-Achinsk fuel and energy complex territorial concentration of production from the standpoint of (KAFEC) [2, 3, 4]. Norming Economic Objects Pollution indicators on damage by Losses for Sign Rest of pollution of pollution of of ricti condi ons Conditions enterprises power water atmosphere tions plant bodies 1 2 J options options options Pollution charges Pollution forestry fisheries population agriculture 1 2 1 2 1 2 atmosphere atmosphere water bodies water bodies total above permi tted total above permi tted ативн ≤ Choice of one technology option = Task for the production = output Restrictions on capital ≤ expenditure limit Formation water = of the level bodies of pollution atmosphere = of 0 Above water permitted bodies ≤ 0 standard atmosphere output of pollution in Formation water of economic bodies 0 damage atmosphere = from pollution of Formation of fee for = 0 excess pollution output Formation agriculture associated fisheries with the construction forestry = 0 of power population plant losses to Functional → min (the objective function) Note: shaded blocks containing nonzero elements Figure 2. Block diagram of the model of choice of variants of economic decisions based on their environmental impact Conditions of water block are united into the following 3. Conditions of non-worsening environmental situation groups (Fig. 3): (quality of the aquatic environment) in each area over time, 1. Conditions of formation of water pollution balances for taking into account the possible accumulation of harmful certain types of hazardous substances in each of the areas (or substances in water and transport of pollution along the rivers. industrial centers) in a given period of time. 4. The requirement to minimize economic damage caused 2. Restrictions on the discharge of pollutants into surface by water pollution. water sources. 12 SCIENCES OF EUROPE # 3 (3), 2016 | ECONOMIC SCIENCES Figure 3. Block conditions for the protection of water resources Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of a model fragment with block t(t−1) τt t conditions for the protection of water resources. For example, a Φ qk = (1− βqk ) ∆Pqk (2) block diagram is constructed for one area, the two time periods and for the two types of pollution in the wastewater. Let us dwell β Here qk - the rate of natural decomposition of the pollution on the characteristics of the economic-mathematical notation of kind q p in aqueous medium of the area k during the year; τt selected conditions and consider what range of issues can be - the length of time t; resolved with their use. Economic-mathematical notation above conditions has the following form [2, 4]. Φt Φt qk 'k ( qkk" ) 2. Economic-mathematical notation of conditions of the - the amount of income (removal) of pollution water block q in the area k (from the area k) from the area k′ (to the area 1) Formation of the balance of water pollution: t + ∆ t = Φt(t−1) + Φt − Φt + t + t + t k′′ ) as a result of the natural transfer of substances. Pqk Pqk qk qk 'k qkk" ∑ Eqj x jk ∑ Eqj x jk Eq zk j j Volumes of pollutant transport between neighboring " industrial nodes determined in accordance with the model of ∀q,k,k ,t Phelps- Streeter: (1) t t t t Φ = α (P + ∆P ' ) Pqk qk′k qk′k qk′ qk where - volume of discharge with sewage within , the permissible limits of the substances q into the aquatic t t t environment of the area (or industrial node) k in the period t; Φ ′′ = α ′′ (P + ∆P ) qk k qk k qk qk (3) ∆ t Pqk α (α ) - volume of discharge with sewage beyond acceptable where qk′k qk k′′ - the degree of decomposition of the norms substances into the aquatic environment q of the area k substance q as a result of transit on the section of the river from in period t; k′ k′′ Φt(t−1) the area to k (from k to ). qk − ρ - volume of the accumulation of the contamination α = 10 kq k′k k by the time t pollution type q, released to the water environment Thus: qk′k . Here q - rate constant of the of the area of k in period t-1; k > 0 oxidizing substances q ( q - for non-conservative organic SCIENCES OF EUROPE # 3 (3), 2016 | ECONOMIC SCIENCES 13 ρ of contaminants in wastewater treatment plants depending on substances); k′k - oxidation time of a substance in the area the cleaning methods; magnitude of accumulation of pollution ′ over time taking into account the background contamination; from k up to k (or the movement of river water from the from volumes of natural transfer of harmful substances between neighboring industrial hubs. ρ R /V the section k′ of the river to the section k); k′k = k′k , As a result of such representation of the volume of harmful substances in waste water pollution dynamics in each period R where k′k - distance between k′ and k; V - average velocity reflected by the amount of pollution released to the aquatic of flow of the river.

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