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The Intersecting Social Identities of Canadian National Team Female Boxers

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The Intersecting Social Identities of Canadian National Team Female Boxers THE INTERSECTING SOCIAL IDENTITIES OF CANADIAN NATIONAL TEAM FEMALE BOXERS by Yang Ge A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PHD) in Human Studies The Faculty of Graduate Studies Laurentian University Sudbury, Ontario, Canada © Yang Ge, 2018 THESIS DEFENCE COMMITTEE/COMITÉ DE SOUTENANCE DE THÈSE Laurentian Université/Université Laurentienne Faculty of Graduate Studies/Faculté des études supérieures Title of Thesis Titre de la thèse THE INTERSECTING SOCIAL IDENTITIES OF CANADIAN NATIONAL TEAM FEMALE BOXERS Name of Candidate Nom du candidat Ge, Yang Degree Diplôme Doctor of Philosophy Department/Program Date of Defence Département/Programme Human Studies Date de la soutenance August 21, 2018 APPROVED/APPROUVÉ Thesis Examiners/Examinateurs de thèse: Dr. Robert Schinke (Supervisor/Directeur(trice) de thèse) Dr. Kerry McGannon (Committee member/Membre du comité) Dr. Diana Coholic (Committee member/Membre du comité) Approved for the Faculty of Graduate Studies Approuvé pour la Faculté des études supérieures Dr. David Lesbarrères Monsieur David Lesbarrères Dr. Kitrina Douglas Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies (External Examiner/Examinateur externe) Doyen, Faculté des études supérieures Dr. Shelley Watson (Internal Examiner/Examinateur interne) ACCESSIBILITY CLAUSE AND PERMISSION TO USE I, Yang Ge, hereby grant to Laurentian University and/or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or for the duration of my copyright ownership. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also reserve the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that this copy is being made available in this form by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws without written authority from the copyright owner. ii Abstract Understanding athletes as whole person through the lens of social identities is an emerging line of inquiry in both the academic and practical fields, within sport psychology (Schinke & McGannon, 2015). Social identities can be represented as socially constructed and group-based conceptions that people are categorized within multiple social groups, such as gender, race, sexuality, class, education, age, ethnicity, and disability, which constituting each person as who they are and how they relate to the outside world (Blodgett, Schinke, McGannon & Fisher, 2014). In the previous research, researchers portrayed athletes only through the role-based athletic identity (Ronkainen, Kavoura, & Ryba, 2016). Utilizing social constructionism, in the current dissertation, identities were conceptualized as multifaceted, fluid, performative, and contextually contingent products of cultural narratives and discourses (Schinke & McGannon, 2015), saturated with power, making individuals privileged in certain cultural discourses while subordinated in others (Collins, 2000). To develop an understanding of complexity and multiplicity of athletes, I integrated an intersectionality framework to investigate how do athletes engage in the sport team with multiple aspects of selves within the Canadian National Female Boxing Team. The research questions were structured as: (1) How do the national female boxers construct multiple social identities in boxing? (2) What social identities are privileged and what are subordinated on the Canadian National Boxing Team? (3) What are the implications of the various culturally constructed social identities and associated meanings for female boxers’ sport experience and wellbeing? Ten national female boxers participated in this research. Art-based method and conversational interview were employed to facilitate rich storied accounts around social identities iii (Smith, 1999). Interpretive thematic analysis (Braun & Clark, 2016) and creative nonfiction inquiry (Smith & McGannon, 2015) were used to organize the data around research questions. Based on the stories and experiences athletes shared, nine social identities were identified as salient and meaningful to athletes’ sport experience on the National Team context, where the patriarchal, whiteness-centered; and pragmatic discourses inform the identity inequality issues on the team. The identities were coalesced into three groups (gender-sexuality-physicality, race and ethnicity- language- religion, and socioeconomic status-weight categories- the athletic level) for analysis. Seven vignettes were presented to show the different social realities that athletes constructed pertaining to these social identities. Following the CSP agenda, the current project aims to empower marginalized identities and to build up a culturally inclusive sport environment. Five conclusions were generated around the intersectionality of athletes’ social identities, with the practical implications, recommendations, and interventions were presented correspondingly. Keywords: Intersectionality, social identities, female boxer, culture sport psychology, cultural praxis, arts-based method, creative nonfiction inquiry iv Acknowledgement In completing this project, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Robert Schinke first and foremost. He brought me here from China four years ago, and opened me to a totally new stage in both life and academic world. Throughout my PhD process, he and his families (Erin and Kelly) provided me the countless care and support, carrying along with my every steps and achievements. This project was extremely hard for me due to the topic and methodologies were completely different from the ones I was used to and believed in. Adding to the culture shock and language inefficiency, I stressed out for numerous times. Rob showed great patience and tolerance for me when my work turned slow and I became stubborn to his instruction. Every time when we had work update talk, he encouraged me and showed me the excitement work in our area. His insightful ideas of this area, responsible and efficient work ethics, and perfect personality inspire me in every aspect of my life. Words cannot express how much I gratitude for him, and how much I appreciate the time he spent mentoring me and opening up multitude opportunities for me in academic and practices. I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Diana Coholic, and Dr. Kerry McGannon, and my colleagues, Amy Blodgett, Patrick Oghene, Michelle Seanor, Jacob Dupris Latour, Thierry Middleton, Brennan Petersen. These people helped me with the data collection, data analysis, and editing of this project. Countless invaluable insights from them facilitate the completion of this research. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents and my friends back in China. They gave me the sustained unconditional love and support to overcome the hardships during this process. They kept reminding me who I am when I was diffused, lost, and depressed. v Table of Contents Thesis Defence Committee/Comité de soutenance de thèse............................................... ii Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgement .............................................................................................................. v List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi List of Appendices ............................................................................................................ xii Preface.............................................................................................................................. xiii Chapter One ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 The holistic view towards athletes’ identities. ............................................................... 4 1.1.2 Expanding research on female boxers. .......................................................................... 8 1.1.3 Situating the project. .................................................................................................... 11 1.1.4 Theoretical contributions. ............................................................................................ 13 1.1.5 Practical implications. ................................................................................................. 16 1.1.6 Research questions. ....................................................................................................
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